705:
147:
1153:
nephew, Tancred, in charge of
Antioch. In 1108, Bohemond also put Richard of Salerno in charge of Edessa, but Tancred was reluctant to hand it over because Tancred and Baldwin were fighting each other for possession of Edessa at the time. Tancred's resistance continued into 1109. At the same time, a conflict between Antioch and the Count of Tripoli, William-Jordan, was settled when the latter agreed to surrender Tripoli in exchange for confirmation of his possession of Toulouse. Bertrand of Toulouse then entered an alliance with Baldwin I of Jerusalem. In 1110, a council convened after William-Jordan was killed. After this, Antioch and Edessa appear to have reconciled.
991:
116:
1184:
77:
2469:
100:
157:
802:
2641:
787:
3956:
1169:
1126, Bohemond II arrived in the east and because
Baldwin wanted Antioch and Jerusalem to maintain a close relationship, he arranged a marriage between the Prince of Antioch and his daughter, Alice. In 1127, a dispute between Bohemond and Joscelin of Courtenay led to Joscelin conducting raids in the Principality. In 1130, a succession crisis followed Bohemond II's death, signifying the end of Antioch's dominance of northern Syria.
645:
2353:
693:. With over four hundred towers, the city's defenses were formidable. The siege lasted throughout the winter, with much attrition among the Crusader force, who were often forced to eat their horses, or, as legend has it, the bodies of fellow Christians who had not survived. There were several attempts by neighbouring Turkish chiefs to relieve the town, but these were beaten back such as during the
1168:
But in 1119 Roger of
Salerno was killed, leaving no adult heir. This shifted the balance of power in northern Syria, as Baldwin II, King of Jerusalem, was appointed Regent. At this time, Joscelin of Courtenay enjoyed a stable rule in Edessa, further weakening Antioch's dominance in Northern Syria. In
1160:
threatened the
Principality, its Latin allies responded by bringing military aid. In 1112, Bertrand of Toulouse died and Roger Salerno took over Edessa. During this period, there was a better relationship between Antioch and Edessa as well as with the Kingdom of Jerusalem. For example, in 1115 in the
1264:
described the brutal sacking of
Antioch by Baibars: "...at this time great Antioch was captured by the wicked king of Egypt, and many were killed and became his prisoners, and a cause of anguish to the holy and famous temples, houses of God, which are in it; the wonderful elegance of the beauty of
1152:
A whole network of confraternities existed at this time. However, there were uneasy relations between the
Principality and the region of Tripoli under Raymond, Count of Toulouse. Raymond allied with Emperor Alexius I Commnenus instead of Bohemond. In 1105, Bohemond left the east and he placed his
1148:
Baldwin of
Boulogne, Count of Edessa, and Bohemond I were said to have had a relationship based on equality and brotherhood. For example, they travelled to Jerusalem in 1099 to consolidate their pilgrimage vows together. They also consecrated the Latin clerics as bishops in Antioch, including the
1144:
The
Principality's relationship with other Latin settlements were based on two factors. The first factor was that the Princes of Antioch wanted to extend their power throughout the Latin east which led to conflict between the County of Edessa and the Kingdom of Jerusalem. Secondly, an alliance
956:
fought back. He arrived in
Antioch in 1138 and forced Raymond to swear fealty to him. There then followed a joint campaign as John led the armies of Byzantium, Antioch and Edessa against Muslim Syria. Aleppo proved too strong to attack, but the fortresses of Balat,
978:. The city was taken, but the citadel defied assault. The Emir of Shaizar offered to pay a large indemnity, become John's vassal, and pay yearly tribute; the offer was reluctantly accepted by the emperor. On the return of the army to Antioch, a riot instigated by
770:. Bohemond and his Italian Norman followers eventually won, not least because of the death of Adhemar of Le Puy, who had been the spiritual leader of the crusade and had been determined to cooperate with the Byzantines. Bohemond was already Prince (
864:
was captured. Bohemond was released in 1103 and went to Italy to raise more troops in 1104, during which time
Tancred remained regent of Antioch. Bohemond used the troops he raised to attack the Byzantines in 1107. Bohemond was defeated at
753:
believed this to be the case), it raised the spirits of the Crusaders as well as of the local Armenians and Greeks. With the relic at the head of the army, Bohemond marched out to meet the besieging Muslim force, which was defeated in the
1318:
Furthermore, there were also Muslims in the capital, in the south, and probably also the east of the principality. They appear only rarely in Antiochene charters, making an estimation of their numbers difficult. Other minorities were the
973:
were taken by assault. Although John fought hard for the Christian cause in the campaign in Syria, his allies, Prince Raymond of Poitiers and Count Joscelin II of Edessa, sat around playing dice instead of helping John to press the
1304:. When the county of Edessa fell in 1144 and the region around Melitene became increasingly unsafe, many Jacobites sought refuge in the cities and town of the principality. This led among other things to the spread of the veneration of
1165:, the Edessene faction of the army was integral to Antioch's overall army. In 1118 the forces of Jerusalem, Antioch and Tripoli combined to meet an army from Egypt and Damascus that was threatening the Kingdom of Jerusalem.
1284:, who could be found in Antioch and other urban and rural areas. Based on the rich evidence available, it has even been proposed that they were the most numerous ethnic group. Also important were the so-called
1203:, ending the power struggle between the two states, although by this point Armenia was the more powerful of the two and Antioch was essentially a vassal state. Both were swept up by the conflict between the
688:
in late October 1097. The army consisted of various leaders who had sworn to return all territory that had belonged to the Byzantine Empire as well as a Byzantine contingent under the command of the general
1065:
became the permanent boundary between Antioch and Aleppo. Bohemond returned to Antioch in 1165, and married one of Manuel's nieces; he was also convinced to install a Greek Orthodox patriarch in the city.
761:
After this victory a lengthy dispute over who should control the city followed. Bohemond stated that the oath sworn to Alexios was nullified by Alexios' failure to bring them aid. He was resisted by count
778:
in Italy. He desired to continue such independence in his new lordship, so he did not attempt to receive the title of Duke from the Byzantine Emperor, nor any other title with deep feudal obligations.
982:
forced the emperor to leave without the citadel being surrendered to him. John had plans to reconquer Antioch and become an effective overlord of the remaining Crusader states, but he died in 1143.
805:
A rather unusual coin in the name of Bohemond. A bust sits in profile wearing a round helmet emblazoned with a cross with a prominent nasal-guard and a mail coif covering the neck. (1163–1201)
1034:
until Manuel's death in 1180. Although this arrangement meant that the Principality had to provide a contingent for the Byzantine Army (troops from Antioch participated in an attack on the
873:, making Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death. Bohemond had promised to return any land that was seized from the Muslims when the Crusaders passed through
718:, atabeg of Mosul, approached the city and thus it became important for the crusaders to act fast. Bohemond convinced a guard in one of the towers, an Armenian and former Christian named
99:
1145:
between the Latin rulers was secured through their shared situation in the East. This alliance was strengthened by feudal ties and marriage alliances among the eastern Latin rulers.
2385:
156:
1112:. Bohemond of Tripoli, as Bohemond IV, took control by 1207, but Raymond briefly ruled as a rival from 1216 to 1219. Bohemond died in 1233, and Antioch, ruled by his son
889:; when Baldwin and Joscelin were captured, Tancred became regent in Edessa as well. Bohemond left Tancred as regent once more and returned to Italy, where he died in 1111.
817:
had captured in the previous summer. After the main crusade army left for Jerusalem in 1099, he took full control of Antioch as well as of the surrounding places such as
2317:
Weltecke, Dorothea (2006). "On the Syriac Orthodox in the Principality of Antioch during the Crusader Period". In Ciggaar, Krijna Nelly; Metcalf, David Michael (eds.).
146:
1069:
The Byzantine alliance came to an end with the death of the Emperor Manuel in 1180. Antioch was deprived of the Empire's protection, which had been enough to frighten
488:
474:
449:
435:
4293:
1265:
those that were destroyed by fire is beyond the power of words." The empty title of "Prince of Antioch" passed, with the extinction of the counts of Tripoli, to the
2504:
3992:
2378:
1149:
County of Edessa. Bohemon I and Baldwin of Le Bourcq also had a close relationship – Baldwin was made commander of Antioch's militia by Bohemond in 1100.
4283:
722:, to let the Crusaders enter the city on 2 June 1098. Only four days later, a Muslim army from Mosul, led by Kerbogha, arrived to besiege the Crusaders.
1073:
away from intervening in the area for the preceding twenty years. Nevertheless, with help from the fleets of the Italian city-states, Antioch survived
900:. Tancred, in fact, had been the only Crusade leader who did not swear to return conquered land to Alexius (though none of the other leaders, save for
1910:
Lear, Floyd Seyward (July 1942). "Fulcher of Chartres: Chronicle of the First Crusade (Fulchei Carnotensis Historia Hierosolymitana). M. E. McGinty".
1030:
in 1158, and the next year Manuel arrived to take personal control of the Principality. From thence the Principality of Antioch was to be a vassal of
613:, as were the first rulers of the principality, who surrounded themselves with loyal subjects. Few of the inhabitants apart from the crusaders were
2371:
1085:'s army briefly stopped in Antioch in 1190 to bury their king. Bohemond III's son, also named Bohemond, had become count of Tripoli after the
1246:, the Mamluk sultan of Egypt, began to threaten Antioch, which (as a vassal of the Armenians) had supported the Mongols. Baibars finally
2699:
829:
which was under Byzantine possession, but he had to leave after Raymond and the other crusading lords, who had in the meantime conquered
224:
2866:
3985:
2557:
2320:
East and West in the Medieval Eastern Mediterranean: Antioch from the Byzantine Reconquest Until the End of the Crusader Principality
929:
as regent until 1126 (although Baldwin spent much of this time in captivity in Aleppo). Bohemond II, who married Baldwin's daughter
833:, forced him to. In December 1099 Bohemond travelled to Jerusalem and had three priests consecrated as bishops for his principality.
809:
Bohemond started immediately after the victory against Kherboga to secure and expand his principality. In August 1098 he crossed the
115:
3913:
2357:
4278:
3931:
1383:
730:, was on his way to assist the Crusaders, but upon hearing rumours that the city had fallen to the Muslims, Alexios turned back.
630:
2310:
The Decline of Medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the Process of Islamization from the Eleventh through the Fifteenth Century
2328:
2286:
2254:
2215:
708:
672:
in 1084. Therefore, it was one of the cities the army of the First Crusade aimed to liberate on its way to Jerusalem. While
3978:
1227:. Bohemond and Hetoum fought on the side of the Mongols during the conquests of Muslim Syria, taking together the city of
704:
2596:
621:, established in 1100. This patriarchate would endure as a titular one after the Crusades, until it was dropped in 1964.
2729:
749:
and the Lance was discovered by Peter himself. Although it is possible Peter planted it there himself (the papal legate
2821:
2524:
2188:
2004:
1968:
1886:
1847:
1808:
1729:
1696:
1665:
1626:
1587:
1524:
2040:
Hazard, Harry W.; Setton, Kenneth M. (1977). "III: Ecclesiastical Art in the Crusader States in Palestine and Syria".
1049:(Raynald was not released until 1176, and never returned to Antioch). Meanwhile, Manuel married Constance's daughter
3012:
2049:
2028:
4273:
4001:
2974:
1121:
1101:
844:
in 1100, his nephew Tancred became regent. Tancred expanded the borders of the Principality, seizing the cities of
3936:
3144:
1258:
1082:
892:
Alexius wanted Tancred to return the Principality in its entirety to Byzantium, but Tancred was supported by the
4056:
2231:
Edgington, S. B., "From Aachen: A new perspective on relations between the Crusaders and Byzantium, 1095–1120",
121:
106:
86:
76:
4288:
3926:
3194:
2999:
2859:
2770:
2494:
2208:
La Contea Franca di Edessa. Fondazione e Profilo Storico del Primo Principato Crociato nel Levante (1098–1150)
2704:
2550:
694:
618:
2791:
1053:, but as Constance was only nominally in charge of Antioch, she was deposed in 1163 and replaced by her son
3075:
2509:
4222:
3941:
2954:
2752:
2625:
1094:
745:
that pierced Christ's side as he was on the cross was located in the city. Excavations took place in the
583:
185:
4191:
3107:
3102:
2499:
1311:
to whom a church was erected in 1156 by a couple of Frankish donors. The first prior was a monk of the
1301:
1046:
814:
791:
2301:
The History of the Crusades Volume I: The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
3959:
3139:
3046:
3039:
3017:
2852:
1992:
1278:
1109:
990:
1779:
3179:
3164:
2979:
2964:
2689:
2543:
2274:
1015:
921:
755:
20:
3294:
3184:
3174:
3169:
2989:
2969:
2926:
2669:
2575:
2438:
1312:
1247:
1077:'s assault on the Kingdom of Jerusalem in 1187. Neither Antioch nor Tripoli participated in the
1054:
926:
861:
758:
in 1098. According to the Crusaders, an army of saints appeared to help them on the battlefield.
3970:
2433:
1019:
555:
3696:
3129:
3124:
3051:
2946:
2694:
2674:
2662:
2489:
2458:
2443:
2418:
1293:
1196:
1178:
1105:
999:
905:
901:
763:
673:
361:
1960:
1954:
1878:
1872:
1839:
1833:
1800:
1794:
1688:
1682:
1183:
4247:
2994:
2884:
2781:
2776:
2453:
2413:
1766:
1658:
A History of the Crusades, vol. II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100–1187
1618:
1612:
1579:
1573:
1516:
1510:
1113:
1090:
979:
837:
346:
1277:
The native population of the principality was rather diverse. A significant proportion were
4252:
3085:
3056:
2959:
2591:
2423:
1413:
934:
897:
882:
766:, who maintained that the city should be returned to Alexios and who would later found the
563:
298:
4131:
8:
4237:
4232:
4096:
3921:
3134:
2786:
2717:
2428:
2363:
1308:
1239:
1022:. Raynald, too, immediately found himself in conflict with the Byzantines, this time in
942:
698:
4066:
2801:
2138:
1010:. Much of the eastern part of the Principality was lost, and Raymond was killed at the
4111:
4081:
4051:
3304:
3156:
3095:
2984:
2916:
2892:
2826:
2722:
2709:
2684:
2613:
2468:
1935:
1370:
1200:
1129:
738:
723:
933:, ruled for only four years, and the Principality was inherited by his young daughter
4186:
4156:
3080:
2931:
2906:
2630:
2620:
2519:
2324:
2282:
2250:
2211:
2184:
2045:
2042:
A History of the Crusades, Volume IV: The Art and Architecture of the Crusader States
2024:
2000:
1974:
1964:
1927:
1892:
1882:
1853:
1843:
1814:
1804:
1758:
1735:
1725:
1702:
1692:
1661:
1632:
1622:
1593:
1583:
1530:
1520:
1409:
1027:
938:
893:
856:. However those newly captured cities along with other territory were lost after the
845:
822:
794:
767:
750:
746:
734:
727:
606:
571:
567:
324:
275:
271:
4227:
4217:
4166:
4146:
4046:
3503:
2875:
2739:
2608:
2514:
1919:
1754:
1364:
1353:
1162:
1086:
1070:
1050:
1039:
1003:
975:
966:
953:
930:
909:
886:
857:
853:
685:
681:
665:
661:
649:
579:
559:
481:
467:
454:
375:
178:
2020:
4121:
4076:
3112:
3090:
3034:
3004:
2888:
2679:
2566:
2318:
2296:
1653:
1305:
1266:
1133:
1058:
1018:
was technically regent for Raymond's widow Constance until 1153 when she married
870:
539:
531:
317:
283:
137:
57:
2796:
2712:
1345:
4196:
4141:
4041:
3786:
3570:
3234:
2921:
2763:
2758:
2448:
1269:, and was sometimes granted as a dignity to junior members of the royal house.
1250:
in 1268, and all of northern Syria was quickly lost; twenty-three years later,
1045:
Raynald was taken prisoner by the Muslims in 1160, and the regency fell to the
1011:
1007:
874:
801:
771:
614:
610:
594:
523:
279:
259:
213:
82:
43:
2640:
1739:
4267:
4061:
3545:
3508:
3468:
3334:
3063:
3022:
2744:
1978:
1931:
1896:
1857:
1818:
1706:
1636:
1597:
1534:
1224:
1125:
1117:
1078:
1062:
669:
543:
440:
239:
226:
3647:
786:
4242:
4171:
4151:
3239:
3229:
3212:
3029:
2657:
2649:
1261:
1188:
1035:
913:
293:
925:(the Field of Blood), and Antioch became a vassal state of Jerusalem with
4181:
4161:
4091:
4071:
3721:
3679:
3602:
3515:
3383:
3373:
3284:
3068:
1216:
841:
589:
It had roughly 20,000 inhabitants in the 12th century, most of whom were
4116:
4021:
3898:
3686:
3669:
3617:
3607:
3592:
3560:
3550:
3428:
3378:
3254:
3249:
3217:
2936:
1939:
1417:
1211:. In 1260, under the influence of his father-in-law, the Armenian king
904:, kept their oaths anyway). Tancred died in 1112 and was succeeded by
742:
677:
267:
263:
1057:. Bohemond was taken captive by Nur ad-Din the following year at the
161:
The Principality of Antioch in the context of the other states of the
4176:
4086:
3893:
3888:
3878:
3811:
3716:
3612:
3575:
3565:
3525:
3478:
3473:
3423:
3363:
3289:
3279:
3259:
3222:
3207:
2238:
Hamilton, B., "Ralph of Domfront, patriarch of Antioch (1135–1140)",
1397:
1389:
1281:
1139:
1031:
958:
830:
590:
192:
162:
2181:
The Principality of Antioch and its Frontiers in the Twelfth Century
1923:
866:
4136:
4126:
4101:
4036:
4031:
3866:
3851:
3831:
3816:
3796:
3771:
3756:
3751:
3731:
3701:
3691:
3642:
3632:
3627:
3458:
3443:
3418:
3398:
3368:
3358:
3353:
3324:
3319:
3309:
3244:
3202:
2911:
2844:
2831:
2583:
2173:
The Crusades and other historical essays presented to Dana C. Munro
1405:
1232:
1212:
1204:
970:
948:
Raymond, like his predecessors, attacked the Byzantine province of
715:
690:
653:
547:
2535:
1388:
Like Jerusalem, Antioch had its share of great offices, including
644:
4201:
4106:
4000:
3883:
3871:
3861:
3836:
3826:
3821:
3801:
3791:
3766:
3706:
3664:
3637:
3555:
3488:
3483:
3463:
3453:
3408:
3403:
3393:
3388:
3329:
3314:
3264:
1393:
1357:
1349:
1289:
1243:
1208:
1074:
949:
941:
took power. In 1136, Constance, still only 8 years old, married
937:; Baldwin II acted as regent again until his death in 1131, when
849:
826:
775:
733:
The Crusaders withstood the siege, with help from a mystic named
634:
602:
598:
398:
306:
209:
204:
4026:
3903:
3856:
3841:
3806:
3781:
3746:
3741:
3674:
3659:
3597:
3535:
3520:
3498:
3448:
3438:
3433:
3346:
3341:
3299:
3269:
2352:
1320:
1297:
1257:
In the colophons of the Malatia Gospel of 1268 (MS No. 10675),
1228:
1220:
1157:
1023:
962:
878:
810:
719:
575:
551:
506:
217:
19:
This article is about the Crusader state. For other uses, see
3776:
3761:
3736:
3726:
3711:
3654:
3622:
3587:
3582:
3540:
3530:
3413:
3274:
3117:
2171:
Beaumont A. A., "Albert of Aachen and the County of Edessa",
818:
601:
city itself. Most of the crusaders who settled there were of
510:
302:
2134:, ed. and trans. M. Chibnall, vols V–VI (Oxford, 1975–1978).
1956:
The creation of the Principality of Antioch : 1098–1130
1874:
The creation of the Principality of Antioch : 1098–1130
1835:
The creation of the Principality of Antioch : 1098–1130
1796:
The creation of the Principality of Antioch : 1098–1130
1684:
The creation of the Principality of Antioch : 1098–1130
1614:
The creation of the Principality of Antioch : 1098–1130
1575:
The creation of the Principality of Antioch : 1098–1130
1512:
The creation of the Principality of Antioch : 1098–1130
4016:
3846:
3493:
2808:
2127:, trans. A. E. Dostourian (Lanham, New York, London, 1993).
2070:
2058:
1401:
1328:
1251:
2393:
1541:
1466:
1454:
1042:
at a time when it was in serious danger of being overrun.
2479:
2039:
684:, the main army of the First Crusade continued south to
2224:
Edbury, P. W., "Feudal Obligations in the Latin East",
2082:
617:
even though the city was under the jurisdiction of the
166:
2175:, ed. L. J. Paetow (New York, 1928), pp. 101–138.
1553:
1490:
1478:
1442:
1108:, and Armenia, represented by Bohemond III's grandson
825:. Bohemond then attempted to take the harbour town of
1430:
1288:, who actually comprised two Christian peoples: the
1254:
was taken, and the Crusader states ceased to exist.
1952:
1870:
1831:
1792:
1680:
1610:
1571:
1508:
985:
813:to Cilicia to take control of the towns his nephew
2403:
1753:"Gesta Tandcredi in expeditione Hierosolymitana".
1140:Relations with other Latin settlements in the East
566:. It extended around the northeastern edge of the
4294:Vassal and tributary states of the Mongol Empire
4265:
1719:
1660:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 215–217.
1187:Coin of the Principality of Antioch, 1112–1119,
869:in 1108 and was forced by Alexius I to sign the
1652:
1038:in 1176), it also safeguarded the City against
797:(1139–1193), with bust of Aimery on the obverse
397:• Conquered by the Mamluk Sultanate under
2044:. University of Wisconsin Press. p. 137.
1724:. Simon & Schuster, Limited. p. 107.
664:stronghold in the area under the control of a
16:Crusader state in the Levant from 1098 to 1268
3986:
2860:
2551:
2379:
2273:
2132:The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis
1991:
1315:with which the church maintained close ties.
1097:princess in 1194. Bohemond III died in 1201.
558:. The principality was much smaller than the
1377:
49:
2891:origin primarily identified as speakers of
2700:County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos
2210:. Pontificia Università Antonianum – Rome.
1172:
1124:'s struggles to take back Jerusalem in the
597:Christians, with a few Muslims outside the
35:
4284:States and territories established in 1098
3993:
3979:
2867:
2853:
2558:
2544:
2386:
2372:
2205:
1344:The Lordship of Saône was centered on the
1223:, making Antioch a tributary state of the
919:On June 27, 1119, Roger was killed at the
155:
586:to the northwest, depending on the date.
2316:
2295:
2076:
2064:
1648:
1646:
1559:
1547:
1496:
1484:
1472:
1460:
1448:
1182:
989:
908:, under the regency of Tancred's nephew
800:
785:
703:
643:
3932:Christianisation of Anglo-Saxon England
2323:. Peeters Publishers. pp. 95–124.
2307:
1436:
1384:Officers of the Principality of Antioch
1272:
737:. Peter claimed he had been visited by
714:In May 1098 another relief force under
631:Timeline of the Principality of Antioch
4266:
2120:, trans. C. M. Brand (New York, 1976).
2113:, trans. H. A. R. Gibb (London, 1932).
2111:The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades
1722:The First Crusade : a New History
1360:from the last lord, Matthew, in 1188.
1238:When the Mongols were defeated at the
709:Coat of arms of the Hauteville dynasty
3974:
2848:
2539:
2367:
2143:, ed. H. Hagenmeyer (Innsbruck, 1896)
1643:
1334:
660:The city of Antioch had been a major
2874:
2183:. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer.
2178:
2166:The Feudal King of England 1042–1216
2151:
2088:
1909:
2565:
2228:, vol. 47 (1977), pp. 328–356.
13:
2467:
2125:The Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa
2103:
2098:
1296:(also called "Jacobites") and the
1116:, played no important role in the
994:Antioch under Byzantine protection
877:in 1097. Bohemond also fought at
14:
4305:
2345:
2312:. University of California Press.
2118:Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus
1339:
1002:in 1144, Antioch was attacked by
697:under the military leadership of
4002:States in late medieval Anatolia
3955:
3954:
2639:
2351:
2242:, vol. 28 (1984), pp. 1–21.
1759:10.1163/1877-8054_cmri_com_23886
1156:In 1111 when the Muslim army of
1104:between Antioch, represented by
1089:, and Bohemond III's eldest son
986:Antioch and the Byzantine Empire
781:
486:
472:
447:
433:
145:
114:
98:
75:
3937:Christianization of Scandinavia
2033:
2013:
1985:
1946:
1903:
1864:
1825:
1786:
1746:
1713:
1674:
1604:
1565:
1259:Armenian manuscript illuminator
1219:submitted to the Mongols under
1122:Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II
1100:Bohemond's death resulted in a
952:. This time, however, Emperor
4279:1268 disestablishments in Asia
3927:Christianization of the Franks
3000:Continental Germanic mythology
2771:Livonian Brothers of the Sword
2658:Latin Empire of Constantinople
2281:. Cambridge University Press.
2159:The Byzantine Empire 1025–1204
1877:. The Boydell Press. pp.
1838:. The Boydell Press. pp.
1502:
140:of the Principality of Antioch
1:
2705:Lordship of Argos and Nauplia
2279:The Crusades: c. 1071–c. 1291
1959:. The Boydell Press. p.
1799:. The Boydell Press. p.
1687:. The Boydell Press. p.
1617:. The Boydell Press. p.
1578:. The Boydell Press. p.
1515:. The Boydell Press. p.
1423:
695:Battle of the Lake of Antioch
639:
619:Latin Patriarchate of Antioch
2303:, Cambridge University Press
1953:Asbridge, Thomas S. (2000).
1871:Asbridge, Thomas S. (2000).
1832:Asbridge, Thomas S. (2000).
1793:Asbridge, Thomas S. (2000).
1681:Asbridge, Thomas S. (2000).
1611:Asbridge, Thomas S. (2000).
1572:Asbridge, Thomas S. (2000).
1509:Asbridge, Thomas S. (2000).
1348:, but included the towns of
7:
4223:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
3942:Christianization of Iceland
2753:State of the Teutonic Order
2626:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
2261:Raymond IV Count of Tolouse
2240:Nottingham Medieval Studies
2206:Ferdinandi, Sergio (2017).
1081:, although the remnants of
840:capture in battle with the
296:(ruling elite and nobility)
186:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
10:
4310:
2247:Byzantium and the Crusades
2019:"Histoire des Croisades",
1999:. Routledge. p. 167.
1381:
1176:
792:Latin Patriarch of Antioch
628:
624:
18:
4210:
4009:
3950:
3912:
3193:
3155:
2945:
2899:
2882:
2817:
2738:
2648:
2637:
2582:
2573:
2478:
2465:
2402:
2245:Harris, Jonathan (2014),
1720:Asbridge, Thomas (2012).
1378:Great officers of Antioch
605:origin, notably from the
502:
412:
408:
395:
385:
381:
371:
367:
352:
337:
333:
323:
313:
289:
255:
200:
173:
154:
134:
122:House of Poitiers-Antioch
107:House of Poitiers-Antioch
87:House of Poitiers-Antioch
71:
66:
30:
3180:North Germanic languages
3165:Germanic parent language
2690:Duchy of the Archipelago
2308:Vryonis, Speros (1971).
2204:Bella Antiochena, ed. H.
2179:Buck, Andrew D. (2017).
2161:, 2nd ed. (London, 1997)
1356:. Saône was captured by
1173:Fall of the Principality
1016:Baldwin III of Jerusalem
741:, who told him that the
546:which included parts of
21:Antioch (disambiguation)
4274:Principality of Antioch
3185:West Germanic languages
3175:East Germanic languages
3170:Proto-Germanic language
2990:Proto-Germanic folklore
2927:Romano-Germanic culture
2670:Kingdom of Thessalonica
2604:Principality of Antioch
2576:List of Crusader states
2396:Principality of Antioch
2358:Principality of Antioch
2268:The Age of the Crusades
2137:Walter the Chancellor,
1313:Mor Bar Sauma Monastery
790:Seal (sigillum) of the
747:Basilica of Saint Peter
535:
528:Principatus Antiochenus
520:Principality of Antioch
91:(derived from the arms)
50:
37:Principatus Antiochenus
32:Principality of Antioch
2792:Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek
2695:Triarchy of Negroponte
2675:Principality of Achaea
2663:Duchy of Philippopolis
2472:
2249:, Bloomsbury, 2nd ed.
1774:Cite journal requires
1192:
1179:Franco-Mongol alliance
995:
902:Raymond IV of Toulouse
806:
798:
711:
668:before falling to the
657:
527:
182:(1138–1153, 1159–1183)
36:
4289:Former principalities
4248:Philaretos Brachamios
2995:Anglo-Saxon mythology
2885:Ethnolinguistic group
2782:Bishopric of Courland
2777:Archbishopric of Riga
2471:
1186:
1177:Further information:
1163:battle of Tell Danith
1026:; he made peace with
993:
980:Joscelin II of Edessa
823:harbour of St. Symeon
804:
789:
707:
647:
578:to the east, and the
387:• First Crusade
256:Common languages
240:36.20472°N 36.18167°E
2592:Kingdom of Jerusalem
2360:at Wikimedia Commons
1997:Mongols and the West
1273:Non-Latin population
1102:struggle for control
1083:Frederick Barbarossa
1047:Patriarch of Antioch
1020:Raynald of Châtillon
898:Kingdom of Jerusalem
862:Baldwin II of Edessa
564:Kingdom of Jerusalem
299:Eastern Christianity
4238:Knights Hospitaller
4233:Empire of Trebizond
3922:Gothic Christianity
2787:Bishopric of Dorpat
2718:Knights Hospitaller
2123:Matthew of Edessa,
2091:, pp. 166–174.
2079:, pp. 116–117.
2067:, pp. 113–114.
1550:, pp. 251–253.
1475:, pp. 239–240.
1463:, pp. 231–233.
1352:(lost in 1134) and
1240:Battle of Ain Jalut
1106:Bohemond of Tripoli
943:Raymond of Poitiers
764:Raymond of Toulouse
699:Bohemond of Taranto
674:Baldwin of Boulogne
542:created during the
536:Princeté de Antioch
236: /
51:Princeté de Antioch
4112:Kadi Burhan al-Din
3305:Germani cisrhenani
3013:Funerary practices
2917:Pre-Roman Iron Age
2893:Germanic languages
2827:Crusading movement
2723:Hospitaller Rhodes
2685:Duchy of Neopatras
2473:
2201:(Woolbridge, 1984)
1371:William of Zardana
1335:Vassals of Antioch
1201:Sibylla of Armenia
1193:
1130:Louis IX of France
996:
807:
799:
739:Andrew the Apostle
724:Alexios I Komnenos
712:
658:
656:miniature painting
584:Kingdom of Armenia
245:36.20472; 36.18167
4261:
4260:
3968:
3967:
3140:Gothic and Vandal
2932:Germanic Iron Age
2907:Nordic Bronze Age
2889:Northern European
2842:
2841:
2809:Free City of Riga
2631:Kingdom of Cyprus
2621:County of Tripoli
2533:
2532:
2356:Media related to
2330:978-90-429-1735-4
2288:978-0-521-62566-1
2255:978-1-78093-767-0
2217:978-88-7257-103-3
2152:Secondary sources
2130:Orderic Vitalis,
2109:Ibn al-Qalanisi,
1028:Manuel I Comnenus
939:Fulk of Jerusalem
912:, who defeated a
894:County of Tripoli
881:with Baldwin and
795:Aymery of Limoges
768:County of Tripoli
756:battle of Antioch
751:Adhemar of Le Puy
735:Peter Bartholomew
728:Byzantine emperor
676:headed east from
572:County of Tripoli
538:) was one of the
516:
515:
498:
497:
494:
493:
460:
459:
354:• 1252–1268
339:• 1098–1111
325:Prince of Antioch
4301:
4228:Empire of Nicaea
4218:Byzantine Empire
4211:Christian states
4167:Sultanate of Rum
3995:
3988:
3981:
3972:
3971:
3958:
3957:
3914:Christianization
3504:Ripuarian Franks
2876:Germanic peoples
2869:
2862:
2855:
2846:
2845:
2802:Order of Dobrzyń
2730:Genoese colonies
2643:
2609:County of Edessa
2560:
2553:
2546:
2537:
2536:
2404:Reigning princes
2388:
2381:
2374:
2365:
2364:
2355:
2341:
2339:
2337:
2313:
2304:
2297:Runciman, Steven
2292:
2263:(New York, 1962)
2233:Medieval History
2221:
2194:
2146:
2140:Bella Antiochena
2092:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2068:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2037:
2031:
2017:
2011:
2010:
1989:
1983:
1982:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1907:
1901:
1900:
1868:
1862:
1861:
1829:
1823:
1822:
1790:
1784:
1783:
1777:
1772:
1770:
1762:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1717:
1711:
1710:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1650:
1641:
1640:
1608:
1602:
1601:
1569:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1538:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1488:
1482:
1476:
1470:
1464:
1458:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1434:
1365:Robert the Leper
1087:Battle of Hattin
976:Siege of Shaizar
954:John II Komnenos
916:attack in 1113.
910:Roger of Salerno
887:County of Edessa
858:Battle of Harran
854:Byzantine Empire
811:Amanus Mountains
682:County of Edessa
650:Siege of Antioch
580:Byzantine Empire
570:, bordering the
560:County of Edessa
490:
489:
482:Emirate of Kilis
476:
475:
468:Mamluk Sultanate
464:
463:
455:Sultanate of Rum
451:
450:
437:
436:
430:
429:
414:
413:
376:High Middle Ages
357:
342:
251:
250:
248:
247:
246:
241:
237:
234:
233:
232:
229:
179:Byzantine Empire
159:
149:
141:
127:
118:
112:
102:
93:
92:
79:
61:
53:
47:
39:
28:
27:
4309:
4308:
4304:
4303:
4302:
4300:
4299:
4298:
4264:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4253:Zaccaria family
4206:
4005:
3999:
3969:
3964:
3946:
3908:
3189:
3151:
3113:Gothic alphabet
3005:Norse mythology
2941:
2895:
2878:
2873:
2843:
2838:
2822:Military orders
2813:
2742:
2734:
2680:Duchy of Athens
2644:
2635:
2578:
2569:
2567:Crusader states
2564:
2534:
2529:
2482:
2480:Titular princes
2474:
2463:
2406:
2398:
2394:Princes of the
2392:
2348:
2335:
2333:
2331:
2289:
2235:, vol. 4 (1994)
2218:
2191:
2154:
2144:
2116:John Kinnamos,
2106:
2104:Primary sources
2101:
2099:Further reading
2096:
2095:
2087:
2083:
2077:Weltecke (2006)
2075:
2071:
2065:Weltecke (2006)
2063:
2059:
2052:
2038:
2034:
2018:
2014:
2007:
1990:
1986:
1971:
1951:
1947:
1924:10.2307/2853316
1908:
1904:
1889:
1869:
1865:
1850:
1830:
1826:
1811:
1791:
1787:
1775:
1773:
1764:
1763:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1732:
1718:
1714:
1699:
1679:
1675:
1668:
1654:Steven Runciman
1651:
1644:
1629:
1609:
1605:
1590:
1570:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1546:
1542:
1527:
1507:
1503:
1495:
1491:
1483:
1479:
1471:
1467:
1459:
1455:
1447:
1443:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1386:
1380:
1346:castle of Saône
1342:
1337:
1275:
1267:kings of Cyprus
1181:
1175:
1161:lead-up to the
1158:Maudud of Mosul
1142:
1134:Seventh Crusade
1059:Battle of Harim
988:
967:Maarat al-Numan
927:King Baldwin II
871:Treaty of Devol
784:
686:besiege Antioch
642:
637:
627:
540:Crusader states
509:
487:
473:
448:
434:
401:
388:
358:
355:
343:
340:
318:Feudal monarchy
305:
301:
297:
244:
242:
238:
235:
230:
227:
225:
223:
222:
221:
207:
195:
190:
188:
183:
181:
169:
150:
143:
138:Attributed arms
136:
130:
129:
128:
125:
124:
119:
110:
109:
103:
95:
94:
90:
89:
80:
62:
55:
48:
41:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4307:
4297:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4276:
4259:
4258:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4214:
4212:
4208:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4189:
4184:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4164:
4159:
4154:
4149:
4144:
4142:Ottoman Empire
4139:
4134:
4129:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4109:
4104:
4099:
4094:
4089:
4084:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4049:
4044:
4042:Candaroğulları
4039:
4034:
4029:
4024:
4019:
4013:
4011:
4007:
4006:
3998:
3997:
3990:
3983:
3975:
3966:
3965:
3963:
3962:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3918:
3916:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3891:
3886:
3881:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3683:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3580:
3579:
3578:
3573:
3571:Thracian Goths
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3512:
3511:
3506:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3350:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3199:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3161:
3159:
3153:
3152:
3150:
3149:
3148:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3127:
3122:
3121:
3120:
3115:
3105:
3100:
3099:
3098:
3093:
3088:
3078:
3073:
3072:
3071:
3061:
3060:
3059:
3054:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3037:
3027:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3010:
3009:
3008:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2951:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2940:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2922:Roman Iron Age
2919:
2914:
2909:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2896:
2883:
2880:
2879:
2872:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2849:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2836:
2835:
2834:
2824:
2818:
2815:
2814:
2812:
2811:
2806:
2805:
2804:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2768:
2767:
2766:
2764:Livonian Order
2761:
2759:Teutonic Order
2749:
2747:
2736:
2735:
2733:
2732:
2727:
2726:
2725:
2715:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2654:
2652:
2646:
2645:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2606:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2588:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2574:
2571:
2570:
2563:
2562:
2555:
2548:
2540:
2531:
2530:
2528:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2486:
2484:
2476:
2475:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2449:Raymond-Roupen
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2410:
2408:
2400:
2399:
2391:
2390:
2383:
2376:
2368:
2362:
2361:
2347:
2346:External links
2344:
2343:
2342:
2329:
2314:
2305:
2293:
2287:
2271:
2270:(London, 1986)
2264:
2257:
2243:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2216:
2202:
2197:Brown, R. A.,
2195:
2190:978-1783271733
2189:
2176:
2169:
2168:(London, 1988)
2162:
2153:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2135:
2128:
2121:
2114:
2105:
2102:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2081:
2069:
2057:
2050:
2032:
2012:
2006:978-0582368965
2005:
1984:
1970:978-0851156613
1969:
1945:
1918:(3): 426–428.
1902:
1888:978-0851156613
1887:
1863:
1849:978-0851156613
1848:
1824:
1810:978-0851156613
1809:
1785:
1776:|journal=
1745:
1731:978-1849837699
1730:
1712:
1698:978-0851156613
1697:
1673:
1667:978-0140137040
1666:
1642:
1628:978-0851156613
1627:
1603:
1589:978-0851156613
1588:
1564:
1562:, p. 254.
1552:
1540:
1526:978-0851156613
1525:
1501:
1499:, p. 248.
1489:
1487:, p. 245.
1477:
1465:
1453:
1451:, p. 170.
1441:
1439:, p. 159.
1428:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1382:Main article:
1379:
1376:
1375:
1374:
1368:
1341:
1340:Lords of Saône
1338:
1336:
1333:
1274:
1271:
1174:
1171:
1141:
1138:
1110:Raymond-Roupen
1012:battle of Inab
1008:Second Crusade
1000:fall of Edessa
987:
984:
945:, who was 36.
922:Ager Sanguinis
875:Constantinople
783:
780:
680:to set up the
641:
638:
626:
623:
615:Roman Catholic
611:southern Italy
607:Norman Kingdom
595:Greek Orthodox
574:to the south,
514:
513:
504:
500:
499:
496:
495:
492:
491:
484:
478:
477:
470:
461:
458:
457:
452:
444:
443:
438:
426:
425:
420:
410:
409:
406:
405:
402:
396:
393:
392:
389:
386:
383:
382:
379:
378:
373:
372:Historical era
369:
368:
365:
364:
359:
353:
350:
349:
344:
338:
335:
334:
331:
330:
327:
321:
320:
315:
311:
310:
291:
287:
286:
260:Medieval Latin
257:
253:
252:
202:
198:
197:
191:Vassal of the
184:Vassal of the
177:Vassal of the
175:
171:
170:
160:
152:
151:
144:
132:
131:
113:
104:
97:
96:
83:Banner of arms
81:
74:
73:
72:
69:
68:
64:
63:
34:
31:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4306:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4272:
4271:
4269:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4215:
4213:
4209:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4183:
4180:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4168:
4165:
4163:
4160:
4158:
4155:
4153:
4150:
4148:
4145:
4143:
4140:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4113:
4110:
4108:
4105:
4103:
4100:
4098:
4095:
4093:
4090:
4088:
4085:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4062:Danishmendids
4060:
4058:
4057:Çubukoğulları
4055:
4053:
4050:
4048:
4045:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4030:
4028:
4025:
4023:
4020:
4018:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4010:Muslim states
4008:
4003:
3996:
3991:
3989:
3984:
3982:
3977:
3976:
3973:
3961:
3953:
3952:
3949:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3911:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3880:
3877:
3873:
3870:
3868:
3865:
3864:
3863:
3860:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3656:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3645:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3577:
3574:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3546:Crimean Goths
3544:
3543:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3510:
3509:Salian Franks
3507:
3505:
3502:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3348:
3345:
3343:
3340:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3307:
3306:
3303:
3302:
3301:
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3160:
3158:
3154:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3131:
3128:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3110:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3097:
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3083:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3041:
3038:
3036:
3033:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3011:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2948:
2947:Early culture
2944:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2881:
2877:
2870:
2865:
2863:
2858:
2856:
2851:
2850:
2847:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2754:
2751:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2741:
2737:
2731:
2728:
2724:
2721:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2651:
2647:
2642:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2615:
2612:
2611:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2572:
2568:
2561:
2556:
2554:
2549:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2470:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2389:
2384:
2382:
2377:
2375:
2370:
2369:
2366:
2359:
2354:
2350:
2349:
2332:
2326:
2322:
2321:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2275:Richard, Jean
2272:
2269:
2266:Holt, P. M.,
2265:
2262:
2259:Hill, J. H.,
2258:
2256:
2252:
2248:
2244:
2241:
2237:
2234:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2177:
2174:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2155:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2133:
2129:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2115:
2112:
2108:
2107:
2090:
2085:
2078:
2073:
2066:
2061:
2053:
2051:0-299-06820-X
2047:
2043:
2036:
2030:
2029:2-262-02569-X
2026:
2022:
2021:René Grousset
2016:
2008:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1993:Peter Jackson
1988:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1949:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1906:
1898:
1894:
1890:
1884:
1880:
1876:
1875:
1867:
1859:
1855:
1851:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1828:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1797:
1789:
1781:
1768:
1760:
1756:
1749:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1727:
1723:
1716:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1685:
1677:
1669:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1649:
1647:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1615:
1607:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1568:
1561:
1560:Runciman 1951
1556:
1549:
1548:Runciman 1951
1544:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1522:
1518:
1514:
1513:
1505:
1498:
1497:Runciman 1951
1493:
1486:
1485:Runciman 1951
1481:
1474:
1473:Runciman 1951
1469:
1462:
1461:Runciman 1951
1457:
1450:
1449:Runciman 1951
1445:
1438:
1433:
1429:
1421:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1385:
1372:
1369:
1366:
1363:
1362:
1361:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1347:
1332:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1307:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1280:
1270:
1268:
1263:
1260:
1255:
1253:
1249:
1248:took the city
1245:
1241:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1225:Mongol Empire
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1191:on horseback.
1190:
1185:
1180:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1159:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1137:
1135:
1131:
1127:
1126:Sixth Crusade
1123:
1119:
1118:Fifth Crusade
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1079:Third Crusade
1076:
1072:
1067:
1064:
1063:Orontes River
1060:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1001:
992:
983:
981:
977:
972:
968:
964:
960:
955:
951:
946:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
924:
923:
917:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
890:
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
834:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
803:
796:
793:
788:
782:Early history
779:
777:
773:
769:
765:
759:
757:
752:
748:
744:
740:
736:
731:
729:
725:
721:
717:
710:
706:
702:
700:
696:
692:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
655:
651:
646:
636:
632:
622:
620:
616:
612:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
587:
585:
581:
577:
573:
569:
568:Mediterranean
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
544:First Crusade
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
512:
508:
505:
503:Today part of
501:
485:
483:
480:
479:
471:
469:
466:
465:
462:
456:
453:
446:
445:
442:
441:Seljuk Empire
439:
432:
431:
428:
427:
424:
421:
419:
416:
415:
411:
407:
403:
400:
394:
390:
384:
380:
377:
374:
370:
366:
363:
360:
351:
348:
345:
336:
332:
328:
326:
322:
319:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
295:
292:
288:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
258:
254:
249:
219:
215:
211:
206:
203:
199:
194:
187:
180:
176:
172:
168:
164:
158:
153:
148:
142:
139:
133:
123:
117:
108:
101:
88:
84:
78:
70:
65:
59:
52:
45:
38:
29:
26:
22:
4243:Latin Empire
4172:Sahib Ataids
4152:Qara Qoyunlu
4004:(after 1071)
3240:Anglo-Saxons
3230:Adrabaecampi
3213:Bucinobantes
2955:Architecture
2797:Dobrzyń Land
2713:Stato da Màr
2603:
2495:Bohemond VII
2439:Bohemond III
2395:
2334:. Retrieved
2319:
2309:
2300:
2278:
2267:
2260:
2246:
2239:
2232:
2225:
2207:
2198:
2180:
2172:
2165:
2158:
2139:
2131:
2124:
2117:
2110:
2084:
2072:
2060:
2041:
2035:
2015:
1996:
1987:
1955:
1948:
1915:
1911:
1905:
1873:
1866:
1834:
1827:
1795:
1788:
1767:cite journal
1748:
1721:
1715:
1683:
1676:
1657:
1613:
1606:
1574:
1567:
1555:
1543:
1511:
1504:
1492:
1480:
1468:
1456:
1444:
1437:Vryonis 1971
1432:
1387:
1343:
1324:
1317:
1285:
1276:
1262:Toros Roslin
1256:
1237:
1231:, and later
1194:
1189:Saint George
1167:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1099:
1068:
1055:Bohemond III
1044:
1036:Seljuk Turks
997:
947:
920:
918:
891:
835:
808:
760:
732:
713:
670:Seljuk Turks
659:
588:
550:(modern-day
519:
517:
423:Succeeded by
422:
417:
294:Latin Church
208:(modern-day
135:
120:Arms of the
111:(until 1252)
105:Arms of the
25:
4192:Tanrıbermiş
4187:Tacettinids
4182:Sarukhanids
4162:Shah-Armens
4147:Pervâneoğlu
4132:Mengüjekids
4092:Germiyanids
4072:Dulkadirids
3680:Nahanarvali
3603:Hilleviones
3516:Frisiavones
3384:Cananefates
3374:Burgundians
3285:Banochaemae
3135:Anglo-Saxon
3086:Anglo-Saxon
3052:Anglo-Saxon
3035:Anglo-Saxon
3018:Anglo-Saxon
2505:Philippe II
2490:Bohemond VI
2483:(1268–1457)
2459:Bohemond VI
2444:Bohemond IV
2419:Bohemond II
2407:(1098–1268)
2336:24 February
2199:The Normans
2164:Barlow F.,
2157:Angold M.,
2145:(in German)
1414:chamberlain
1373:(1119–1132)
1217:Bohemond VI
1197:Bohemond VI
1093:married an
1006:during the
906:Bohemond II
867:Dyrrhachium
842:Danishmends
418:Preceded by
362:Bohemond VI
243: /
196:(1260–1268)
189:(1254–1260)
126:(from 1252)
4268:Categories
4157:Ramadanids
4117:Karamanids
4067:Dilmachids
4022:Aq Qoyunlu
3899:Vinoviloth
3687:Marcomanni
3670:Helveconae
3648:Heaðobards
3618:Istvaeones
3608:Ingaevones
3593:Hermunduri
3561:Ostrogoths
3551:Greuthungi
3429:Chattuarii
3255:Angrivarii
3250:Ampsivarii
3218:Lentienses
3047:Literature
2937:Viking Age
2454:Bohemond V
2414:Bohemond I
2023:, p. 581,
1740:1091017331
1424:References
1418:chancellor
1300:-speaking
1292:-speaking
1279:Miaphysite
1114:Bohemond V
1071:Nur ad-Din
1061:, and the
1040:Nur ad-Din
1004:Nur ad-Din
998:After the
838:Bohemond's
836:Following
743:Holy Lance
678:Asia Minor
640:Foundation
629:See also:
347:Bohemond I
314:Government
268:Old French
264:Old Norman
231:36°10′54″E
228:36°12′17″N
4177:Saltukids
4087:Eshrefids
4052:Chobanids
3894:Vidivarii
3889:Victohali
3879:Vangiones
3812:Thuringii
3717:Nuithones
3613:Irminones
3576:Visigoths
3566:Thervingi
3526:Gambrivii
3479:Dulgubnii
3474:Dauciones
3424:Chasuarii
3364:Brondings
3290:Bastarnae
3280:Baiuvarii
3260:Armalausi
3223:Raetovari
3157:Languages
3125:Symbology
2985:Folklore
2980:Festivals
2424:Constance
2226:Byzantion
2089:Buck 2017
1979:920135552
1932:0038-7134
1897:920135552
1858:920135552
1819:920135552
1707:920135552
1637:920135552
1598:920135552
1535:920135552
1398:seneschal
1390:constable
1367:(d. 1119)
1354:Balatanos
1282:Armenians
1242:in 1260,
1032:Byzantium
1014:in 1149.
935:Constance
852:from the
831:Jerusalem
774:lord) of
662:Byzantine
652:, from a
591:Armenians
309:(popular)
290:Religion
193:Ilkhanate
163:Near East
67:1098–1268
4137:Menteshe
4122:Karasids
4102:Hamidids
4097:Hacıemir
4082:Erzincan
4077:Eretnids
4037:Aydinids
4032:Artuqids
3960:Category
3867:Hasdingi
3852:Usipetes
3832:Tubantes
3817:Toxandri
3797:Tencteri
3772:Suarines
3757:Sicambri
3752:Semnones
3732:Reudigni
3702:Mattiaci
3692:Marsacii
3643:Lombards
3633:Lacringi
3628:Juthungi
3459:Corconti
3444:Cherusci
3419:Charudes
3399:Chaedini
3369:Bructeri
3354:Bateinoi
3325:Eburones
3320:Condrusi
3315:Caeroesi
3310:Atuatuci
3245:Ambrones
3208:Brisgavi
3203:Alemanni
3081:Paganism
2970:Clothing
2965:Calendar
2912:Germania
2832:Crusades
2710:Venetian
2525:John III
2510:Margaret
2299:(1951),
2277:(1999).
1995:(2005).
1912:Speculum
1656:(1952).
1406:viscount
1309:Barsauma
1302:Melkites
1233:Damascus
1213:Hetoum I
1207:and the
1205:Mameluks
1199:married
1195:In 1254
1095:Armenian
971:Kafartab
896:and the
883:Joscelin
821:and the
772:allodial
716:Kerbogha
691:Tatikios
654:medieval
548:Anatolia
272:Armenian
165:in 1135
4202:Tzachas
4107:Inalids
3884:Varisci
3872:Silingi
3862:Vandals
3837:Tulingi
3827:Triboci
3822:Treveri
3802:Teutons
3792:Taifals
3767:Sitones
3707:Nemetes
3665:Helisii
3638:Lemovii
3556:Gutones
3489:Firaesi
3484:Favonae
3464:Cugerni
3454:Cobandi
3409:Chamavi
3404:Chaemae
3394:Casuari
3389:Caritni
3359:Betasii
3330:Paemani
3265:Auiones
3130:Warfare
3108:Scripts
3076:Numbers
2900:History
2745:Livonia
2740:Prussia
2597:vassals
2520:John II
2434:Raynald
2429:Raymond
1940:2853316
1879:124–126
1840:115–119
1394:marshal
1358:Saladin
1350:Sarmada
1294:Syriacs
1290:Aramaic
1286:suriani
1244:Baibars
1209:Mongols
1091:Raymond
1075:Saladin
963:Athereb
950:Cilicia
885:of the
850:Latakia
827:Latakia
815:Tancred
776:Taranto
635:Antioch
625:History
599:Antioch
582:or the
562:or the
399:Baibars
341:(first)
307:Judaism
276:Aramaic
210:Antakya
205:Antioch
201:Capital
85:of the
4027:Alaiye
3904:Warini
3857:Vagoth
3842:Tungri
3807:Thelir
3787:Swedes
3782:Sunici
3747:Saxons
3742:Rugini
3675:Manimi
3660:Diduni
3598:Heruli
3536:Gepids
3521:Frisii
3499:Franks
3449:Cimbri
3439:Chauci
3434:Chatti
3347:Nervii
3342:Morini
3300:Belgae
3295:Batavi
3270:Avarpi
3235:Angles
3195:Groups
3145:Viking
3091:Gothic
3069:Gothic
2975:Family
2650:Greece
2614:Marash
2584:Levant
2515:John I
2327:
2285:
2253:
2214:
2187:
2048:
2027:
2003:
1977:
1967:
1938:
1930:
1895:
1885:
1856:
1846:
1817:
1807:
1738:
1728:
1705:
1695:
1664:
1635:
1625:
1596:
1586:
1533:
1523:
1416:, and
1410:butler
1327:) and
1325:graeci
1321:Greeks
1298:Arabic
1229:Aleppo
1221:Hulagu
1024:Cyprus
959:Biza'a
914:Seljuk
879:Aleppo
846:Tarsus
726:, the
720:Firouz
603:Norman
576:Edessa
554:) and
552:Turkey
532:Norman
507:Turkey
356:(last)
329:
284:Arabic
218:Turkey
174:Status
58:Norman
54:
40:
4127:Ladik
4047:Canik
3777:Suebi
3762:Sciri
3737:Rugii
3727:Quadi
3712:Njars
3697:Marsi
3655:Lugii
3623:Jutes
3588:Harii
3583:Gutes
3541:Goths
3531:Geats
3469:Danes
3414:Chali
3335:Segni
3275:Baemi
3118:Runes
3103:Rings
3096:Norse
3064:Names
3057:Norse
3040:Norse
3023:Norse
2500:Lucia
1936:JSTOR
1128:, or
1051:Maria
931:Alice
860:when
819:Artah
556:Syria
524:Latin
511:Syria
303:Islam
280:Greek
214:Hatay
44:Latin
4197:Teke
4017:Ahis
3847:Ubii
3494:Fosi
3379:Buri
2743:and
2338:2024
2325:ISBN
2283:ISBN
2251:ISBN
2212:ISBN
2185:ISBN
2046:ISBN
2025:ISBN
2001:ISBN
1975:OCLC
1965:ISBN
1928:ISSN
1893:OCLC
1883:ISBN
1854:OCLC
1844:ISBN
1815:OCLC
1805:ISBN
1780:help
1736:OCLC
1726:ISBN
1703:OCLC
1693:ISBN
1662:ISBN
1633:OCLC
1623:ISBN
1594:OCLC
1584:ISBN
1531:OCLC
1521:ISBN
1402:duke
1329:Jews
1252:Acre
969:and
848:and
648:The
633:and
593:and
518:The
404:1268
391:1098
3722:Osi
3030:Law
2960:Art
2887:of
1961:126
1920:doi
1801:107
1755:doi
1689:104
1306:Mor
1132:'s
666:dux
609:of
4270::
2755:*
1973:.
1963:.
1934:.
1926:.
1916:17
1914:.
1891:.
1881:.
1852:.
1842:.
1813:.
1803:.
1771::
1769:}}
1765:{{
1734:.
1701:.
1691:.
1645:^
1631:.
1621:.
1619:45
1592:.
1582:.
1580:43
1529:.
1519:.
1517:34
1420:.
1412:,
1408:,
1404:,
1400:,
1396:,
1392:,
1331:.
1235:.
1215:,
1136:.
1120:,
965:,
961:,
701:.
534::
530:;
526::
282:,
278:,
274:,
270:,
266:,
262:,
216:,
212:,
167:AD
3994:e
3987:t
3980:v
3007:)
2868:e
2861:t
2854:v
2773:*
2559:e
2552:t
2545:v
2387:e
2380:t
2373:v
2340:.
2291:.
2220:.
2193:.
2147:.
2054:.
2009:.
1981:.
1942:.
1922::
1899:.
1860:.
1821:.
1782:)
1778:(
1761:.
1757::
1742:.
1709:.
1670:.
1639:.
1600:.
1537:.
1323:(
522:(
220:)
60:)
56:(
46:)
42:(
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
