29:
1365:
480:
Norman, member of those
Vikings, or Norsemen, who settled in northern France...The Normans (from Nortmanni: "Northmen") were originally pagan barbarian pirates from Denmark, Norway, and Iceland
344:
continued to form the name of the region while the original
Norsemen were largely assimilated by the Gallo-Romance people, adopting their speech but still contributing some elements from
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1336:
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1406:
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229:
370:. Over time, their language evolved from the continental Old Norman to a dialect of Old Norman called Anglo-Norman.
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160:
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8:
1128:
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Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (2022-05-24).
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280:
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67:
58:
28:
884:
1376:
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367:
1123:
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170:
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321:
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1206:
1077:
1064:
651:
578:
180:
1037:
548:
404:
352:
345:
206:
165:
33:
Duchy of
Normandy between 911 and 1050. In blue the areas of intense
1364:
562:
552:
325:
314:
275:, the language spread into England, Southern Italy, Sicily and the
272:
237:
34:
503:
340:–speaking population. In time, the communities converged, so that
1031:
599:
317:
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271:
native to northern France. From the region of what is now called
233:
1200:
1188:
1171:
905:
572:
397:
374:
296:
276:
355:
loanwords unknown in other Old French dialects at that time.
1103:
900:
844:
332:, and settled the land that became known as Normandy, these
582:
378:
236:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
723:
381:
are among the few records of Old Norman that remain.
410:Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
1417:
491:
362:and his followers in what became known as the
291:. Old Norman was an important language of the
1400:
709:
519:
16:Historical language spoken in northern France
443:. University of Michigan Press. p. 67.
336:–speaking people came to live among a local
1337:varieties with more than 5 million speakers
1407:
1393:
716:
702:
526:
512:
358:Old Norman would be brought to England by
283:, including the insular dialects (such as
27:
427:
230:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
1418:
433:
697:
507:
1359:
265:), was one of many varieties of the
533:
13:
1341:Languages between parentheses are
328:, in the western part of the then
14:
1452:
440:Crusades: The Illustrated History
1363:
673:List of Norman language writers
648:(highly influenced by Jèrriais)
416:from the original on 2022-10-08
279:. It is the ancestor of modern
1345:of the language on their left.
485:
457:
391:
366:, forming the ruling class of
1:
384:
348:language and Norse culture.
1379:. You can help Knowledge by
295:during Crusader rule in the
7:
10:
1457:
1358:
306:
302:
1320:
1285:
1086:
1015:
829:
786:
758:
749:
732:
665:
633:
592:
541:
216:
204:
199:
143:
110:Gallo-Rhaetian (possibly)
64:
50:
42:
26:
21:
492:Elisabeth Ridel (2010).
725:Gallo-Romance languages
683:Anglo-Norman literature
559:Guernésiais/Dgèrnésiais
494:Les Vikings et les mots
469:Encyclopædia Britannica
293:Principality of Antioch
262:
1441:Romance language stubs
218:This article contains
1335:A star (*) indicates
1230:Poitevin-Saintongeais
1161:Labrador Inuit Pidgin
437:(12 September 2005).
360:William the Conqueror
351:Old Norman contained
330:Kingdom of the Franks
307:Further information:
161:Proto-Latino-Faliscan
579:Sercquiais/Sèrtchais
1436:Languages of Sicily
1371:This article about
788:Bourbonnais Creoles
678:Jèrriais literature
646:Jersey Legal French
496:. Editions Errance.
251:Old Northern French
151:Proto-Indo-European
1431:Medieval languages
634:Historic and legal
593:Continental Europe
1388:
1387:
1373:Romance languages
1353:
1352:
1330:extinct languages
1286:Francoprovencalic
1281:
1280:
1264:Wisconsin Walloon
691:
690:
450:978-0-472-03127-6
435:Madden, Thomas F.
255:Old Norman French
244:
243:
226:rendering support
222:phonetic symbols.
176:Old Gallo-Romance
57:, Developed into
55:Early Middle Ages
1448:
1409:
1402:
1395:
1367:
1360:
1299:Franco-Provençal
1295:/Faetar-Cigliàje
1184:Louisiana French
1179:Louisiana Creole
992:Saint-Barthélemy
760:Antillean Creole
756:
755:
718:
711:
704:
695:
694:
528:
521:
514:
505:
504:
498:
497:
489:
483:
482:
477:
475:
461:
455:
454:
431:
425:
424:
422:
421:
395:
373:Writings of the
320:from modern day
209:
70:
31:
19:
18:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1449:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1426:Norman language
1416:
1415:
1414:
1413:
1356:
1354:
1349:
1348:
1316:
1277:
1195:Moselle Romance
1155:Karipúna Creole
1082:
1011:
923:Franco-Ontarian
825:
782:
745:
740:Canadian French
728:
722:
692:
687:
661:
629:
588:
542:Channel Islands
537:
535:Norman language
532:
502:
501:
490:
486:
473:
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463:
462:
458:
451:
432:
428:
419:
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396:
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364:Norman Conquest
311:
305:
263:Ancien Normaund
224:Without proper
205:
195:
146:
139:
101:Western Romance
86:Latino-Faliscan
71:
68:Language family
66:
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1198:
1191:
1186:
1181:
1176:
1175:
1174:
1164:
1157:
1152:
1149:Haitian Creole
1146:
1141:
1136:
1131:
1126:
1121:
1119:Burundi Pidgin
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1080:
1075:
1068:
1061:
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721:
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389:
388:
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334:North-Germanic
304:
301:
287:), as well as
249:, also called
242:
241:
228:, you may see
214:
213:
210:
202:
201:
200:Language codes
197:
196:
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149:
147:
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52:
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24:
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15:
9:
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4:
3:
2:
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1199:
1197:
1196:
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1173:
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1163:
1162:
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1135:
1134:Frainc-Comtou
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1125:
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1120:
1117:
1115:
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1003:
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990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
962:
961:Middle French
958:
956:
953:
951:
950:
946:
944:
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939:
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934:
931:
929:
926:
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850:St. Marys Bay
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789:
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752:
751:Langues d'oïl
748:
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738:
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731:
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441:
436:
430:
415:
411:
407:
406:
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394:
390:
382:
380:
376:
371:
369:
368:Anglo-Normans
365:
361:
356:
354:
349:
347:
343:
339:
338:Gallo-Romance
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
316:
310:
300:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
270:
269:
268:langues d'oïl
264:
260:
256:
252:
248:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
221:
215:
211:
208:
203:
198:
182:
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159:
158:
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154:
153:
152:
148:
142:
120:
117:
116:
115:
112:
111:
109:
108:
107:
106:Gallo-Romance
104:
103:
102:
99:
98:
97:
96:Italo-Western
94:
93:
92:
89:
88:
87:
84:
83:
82:
79:
78:
77:
76:Indo-European
73:
69:
63:
60:
56:
53:
49:
45:
41:
36:
30:
25:
20:
1381:expanding it
1370:
1355:
1325:
1270:
1251:
1240:Saintongeais
1217:
1205:
1193:
1159:
1124:Camfranglais
1071:
1070:
1063:
1036:
1026:Anglo-Norman
1024:
987:Newfoundland
972:Metropolitan
959:
949:Jersey Legal
947:
938:Houma French
778:Saint Lucian
733:Areal groups
727:and dialects
656:
641:Anglo-Norman
614:Pays de Caux
493:
487:
479:
472:. Retrieved
468:
459:
439:
429:
418:. Retrieved
403:
393:
372:
357:
350:
341:
312:
289:Anglo-Norman
266:
254:
250:
246:
245:
217:
171:Vulgar Latin
156:Proto-Italic
118:
1332:or dialects
1219:Petit nègre
1109:Bourbonnais
1054:Guernésiais
1049:Cotentinais
928:Frenchville
890:New England
821:Seychellois
620:Cotentinais
604:Pays d'Auge
377:-born poet
324:arrived in
322:Scandinavia
232:instead of
145:Early forms
37:settlement.
1420:Categories
1207:Old French
1129:Champenois
1114:Burgundian
1078:Sercquiais
1072:Old Norman
1065:Law French
1007:Vietnamese
967:Meridional
801:Chagossian
666:Literature
657:Old Norman
652:Law French
420:2022-10-07
385:References
247:Old Norman
181:Old French
119:Old Norman
22:Old Norman
1343:varieties
1328:indicate
1310:Valdôtain
1301:/Arpitan
1272:Zarphatic
1213:Orléanais
1099:Berrichon
1038:Auregnais
913:Cambodian
895:Québécois
816:Rodriguan
806:Mauritian
773:Grenadian
768:Dominican
549:Auregnais
405:Glottolog
353:Old Norse
346:Old Norse
207:ISO 639-3
166:Old Latin
1305:Savoyard
1235:Poitevin
1144:Guianese
1059:Jèrriais
1044:Cauchois
997:Standard
977:Missouri
918:Francien
868:Kinshasa
624:Cotentin
610:Cauchois
569:Jèrriais
563:Guernsey
553:Alderney
465:"Norman"
414:Archived
342:Normandy
326:Neustria
285:Jèrriais
273:Normandy
238:Help:IPA
46:Normandy
1326:Italics
1259:Walloon
1253:Tây Bồi
1167:Lorrain
1094:Angevin
1032:Augeron
982:Muskrat
955:Laotian
933:Haitian
880:Belgian
863:Abidjan
857:African
840:Acadian
811:Réunion
796:Agalega
600:Augeron
474:22 July
318:Vikings
309:Normans
303:History
234:Unicode
91:Romance
1293:Faetar
1225:Picard
1201:Nouchi
1189:Michif
1172:Welche
1087:Others
1017:Norman
943:Indian
906:Magoua
875:Aostan
831:French
573:Jersey
447:
375:Jersey
297:Levant
281:Norman
277:Levant
259:Norman
81:Italic
59:Norman
43:Region
1375:is a
1139:Gallo
1104:Bolze
1002:Swiss
901:Joual
885:Métis
845:Chiac
400:"Oil"
315:Norse
313:When
35:Norse
1377:stub
1247:Tayo
583:Sark
476:2020
445:ISBN
379:Wace
253:or
220:IPA
114:Oïl
51:Era
1422::
897:*
859:*
478:.
467:.
412:.
408:.
402:.
299:.
261::
1408:e
1401:t
1394:v
1383:.
1151:*
833:*
742:*
717:e
710:t
703:v
626:)
622:(
616:)
612:(
606:)
602:(
585:)
581:(
575:)
571:(
565:)
561:(
555:)
551:(
527:e
520:t
513:v
453:.
423:.
257:(
240:.
212:–
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
