3169:
3158:
3091:
3730:
930:
2377:
83:
2335:
3605:
113:
1823:
3373:
2406:
4761:
1501:
4538:
3716:
1812:
1713:
3667:
2959:
3701:
3683:
3652:
3638:
1470:
2392:
976:
2323:
1102:
3591:
3563:
2259:
2571:
3577:
2729:
101:
2347:
1950:
1482:
2362:
1354:
197:
3549:
645:
210:
3623:
2680:
130:
3752:
184:
2309:, "the three cats") is used by some associations and individuals, especially those who support cultural links with the Channel Islands and England. Jersey and Guernsey use three leopards in their national symbols. The leopards represents the strength and courage Normandy has towards the neighbouring provinces.
3398:. By the terms of the treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte, Rollo, a Viking pagan, accepted Christianity and was baptised. The Duchy of Normandy was therefore formally a Christian state from its foundation. The cathedrals of Normandy have exerted influence down the centuries in matters of both faith and politics.
771:
region. Modern archeology reveals their presence in different
Merovingian cemeteries excavated east of Caen. Christianity also began to enter the area during this period and Rouen already had a metropolitan bishop by the 4th century. The ecclesiastical province of Rouen was based on the frame of the
4208:
It would be easy for me to prove that the Salic law did not absolutely exclude the daughters from the possession of the Salic land, but only in the case where they were de barred by their brothers. This appears from the letter of the Salic law; which after having said, that the women shall possess
2606:
buildings that also recall vernacular
English architecture, although the farm enclosures of the more harshly landscaped Pays de Caux are a more idiosyncratic response to socio-economic and climatic imperatives. Much urban architectural heritage was destroyed during the Battle of Normandy in 1944 –
3199:
are one of the region's major tourist sites, much visited for their beauty and their water lilies, as well as for their importance to Monet's artistic inspiration. Normandy was at the heart of his creation, from the paintings of Rouen's cathedral to the famous depictions of the cliffs at
1563:
Normandy is sparsely forested: 12.8% of the territory is wooded, compared to a French average of 23.6%, although the proportion varies between the departments. Eure has the most cover, at 21%, while Manche has the least, at 4%, a characteristic shared with the
Channel Islands.
1161:, and made Rouen the seat of their power in France. Normandy ultimately saw its population decline by three quarters as a result of the various conflicts which took place in the region during the late Middle Ages. Afterwards, prosperity returned to Normandy until the
823:
started to raid along the river Seine during the middle of the 9th century. As early as 841, a Viking fleet appeared at the mouth of the Seine, the principal route by which they entered the kingdom. After attacking and destroying monasteries, including one at
1770:
Although the
British surrendered claims to mainland Normandy, France, and other French possessions in 1801, the monarch of the United Kingdom retains the title Duke of Normandy in respect to the Channel Islands. The Channel Islands (except for
3183:
Breaking away from the more formalised and classical themes of the early part of the 19th century, Impressionist painters preferred to paint outdoors, in natural light, and to concentrate on landscapes, towns and scenes of daily life.
1127:, ending some 293 years of relative Norman independence from the French crown. Insular Normandy (the Channel Islands) remained under control of the English, though still attached to the ecclesiastical province of Rouen. In the 1259
2762:, or "Norman hole", is a pause between meal courses in which diners partake of a glassful of calvados in order to improve the appetite and make room for the next course, and this is still observed in many homes and restaurants.
2650:
style with polychrome façades, bow windows and unique roofing. This area, built between 1886 and 1914, has an authentic "Bagnolese" style and is typical of high-society country vacation of the time. The Chapel of Saint
Germanus
3073:
is a well-known novel by Hugo set in the
Channel Islands. The boom in insular literature in the early 19th century encouraged production especially in La Hague and around Cherbourg, where Alfred Rossel, Louis Beuve and
3054:
established a landmark of Norman language literature. In the 16th and 17th centuries, the workers and merchants of Rouen established a tradition of polemical and satirical literature in a form of language called the
891:, intermarried with the area's native Gallo-Frankish inhabitants, and adopted Christianity. Nevertheless, the first generations of Scandinavian and Anglo-Scandinavian settlers brought slaves, mainly from the
4326:
907:, medieval Latin meaning "Danish marriage". The first counts of Rouen and the dukes of Normandy had concubines too. While very little archeological excavations about the Vikings were done in Normandy, the
4235:
3775:
2689:
Parts of
Normandy consist of rolling countryside typified by pasture for dairy cattle and apple orchards. A wide range of dairy products are produced and exported. Norman cheeses include
759:
In the late 3rd century AD, Germanic raids devastated "Lugdunensis
Secunda", as the modern area of Normandy was known at the time. The Romans built a system of coastal defences known as
5004:
2048:
Much of
Normandy is predominantly agricultural in character, with cattle breeding the most important sector (although in decline from the peak levels of the 1970s and 1980s). The
3281:. While Monet's work adorns galleries and collections all over the world, a remarkable quantity of Impressionist works can be found in galleries throughout Normandy, such as the
1211:. Four years later, he founded the City of Québec. From then onwards, Normans engaged in a policy of expansion in North America. They continued the exploration of the New World:
3729:
3507:
3146:
being considered come the breakthrough of pictorial romanticism in France when it was officially presented at the 1819 Salon. The competing
Realist tendency was represented by
2272:
The main cities (population given from the 1999 census) are Rouen (518,316 in the metropolitan area), the capital since 2016 of the province and formerly of Upper Normandy;
4504:
4368:
2997:
were among those who wrote in the service of the dukes. After the division of 1204, French literature provided the model for the development of literature in Normandy.
2663:
floorplan incorporates elements of one of the earliest surviving places of Christian worship in the Cotentin – perhaps second only to the Gallo-Roman baptistry at
4526:
4130:
1007:
Aside from the conquest of England and the subsequent invasions of Wales and Ireland, the Normans expanded into other areas. Norman families, such as that of
4170:
3226:
painters of the 1870s and 1880s came to Normandy to paint its landscapes and its changing lights, concentrating along the Seine valley and the Norman coast.
3168:
1278:
Although agriculture remained important, industries such as weaving, metallurgy, sugar refining, ceramics, and shipbuilding were introduced and developed.
1135:
recognized the legitimacy of the French possession of mainland Normandy. His successors, however, often fought to regain control of their ancient fiefdom.
1016:
4209:
none of the Salic land, but only the males, interprets and restrains itself by adding, "that is, the son shall succeed to the inheritance of the father."
3099:
2251:) was estimated at 3,260,000 with an average population density of 109 inhabitants per km, just under the French national average, but rising to 147 for
4398:
4221:
1312:
The Normans reacted little to the many political upheavals which characterized the 19th century. Overall, they warily accepted the changes of régime (
1439:
3937:
1369:
522:
The cultural region of Normandy is roughly similar to the historical Duchy of Normandy, which includes small areas now part of the departments of
82:
4276:
1543:. There are granite cliffs in the west and limestone cliffs in the east. There are also long stretches of beach in the centre of the region. The
2445:, spoken by a minority of the population on the continent and the islands, with a concentration in the Cotentin Peninsula in the far west (the
495:). It covers 30,627 square kilometres (11,825 sq mi). Its population in 2017 was 3,499,280. The inhabitants of Normandy are known as
1347:(1792–1815), there was an economic revival that included the mechanization of textile manufacturing and the introduction of the first trains.
979:
A chronological map of the Norman Conquests, including England (1066–1485, not always in personal union with Normandy), Normandy (911–1204),
4004:
876:, Rollo legally gained the territory that he and his Viking allies had previously conquered. The name "Normandy" reflects Rollo's Viking ("
4534:
2376:
3059:. At the end of the 18th century and beginning of the 19th century, a new movement arose in the Channel Islands, led by writers such as
4519:
3700:
3604:
3090:
2334:
4494:
3976:
3324:
3078:
became active. The typical medium for literary expression in Norman has traditionally been newspaper columns and almanacs. The novel
2322:
1373:
143:
4760:
2009:. They are self-governing, each having its own parliament, government and legal system. The head of state of both territories is
3916:
3157:
2106:. Jersey and Guernsey are often considered to be tax havens, due to having large financial services sectors and low tax rates.
4454:
4512:
4428:
4092:
4059:
3892:
112:
3859:
2607:
post-war urban reconstruction, such as in Le Havre and Saint-Lô, could be said to demonstrate both the virtues and vices of
4926:
3666:
3477:
whose parents were from Rouen, who was the object of a considerable following in mainland Normandy following his martyrdom
2405:
4999:
1799:, the surrender of French possessions in 1801, and the belief that the rights of succession to that title are subject to
1212:
1391:
The Allies coordinated a massive build-up of troops and supplies to support a large-scale invasion of Normandy in the
4154:
1020:
980:
4125:
3682:
1967:
1764:
1150:
granted in England in the aftermath of 1204 – guaranteed the liberties and privileges of the province of Normandy.
488:
20:
4166:
3282:
1365:
1295:
signed in 1786 affected employment and the economy of the province. Normans laboured under a heavy fiscal burden.
929:
534:) are also historically part of Normandy; they cover 194 square kilometres (75 sq mi) and comprise two
4485:
3651:
1461:(whether a king or queen) is regardless still sometimes informally referred to by the title "Duke of Normandy".
1979:
1458:
1224:
956:
865:
781:
4193:
4390:
4195:
The Spirit of Laws: Translated from the French of M. de Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu by Thomas Nugent, LL.D
3533:
2739:
Turbot and oysters from the Cotentin Peninsula are major delicacies throughout France. Normandy is the chief
1435:
followed. This was a significant turning point in the war and led to the restoration of the French Republic.
1317:
1078:
1000:
2391:
2361:
2082:(including two French national stud farms), fishing, seafood, and tourism. The region contains three French
1438:
The remainder of Normandy was liberated by Allied forces only on 9 May 1945 at the end of the war, when the
3637:
2698:
849:
389:
4259:
3229:
Landscapes and scenes of daily life were also immortalised on canvas by artists that have included :
3154:, born in Honfleur, was a determining influence on the impressionists and was highly considered by Monet.
2863:, casseroled veal, larded calf's liver braised with carrots, and veal (or turkey) in cream and mushrooms.
5009:
3715:
3020:
2305:, is used in the region and its predecessors. The three-leopard version (known in the Norman language as
1990:
129:
4660:
4640:
3933:
2800:
2754:
is also produced, but in less significant quantities. Apple brandy, of which the most famous variety is
480:) is a geographical and cultural region in northwestern Europe, roughly coextensive with the historical
3643:
3308:
3192:
3069:
2603:
571:
4284:
1512:
The historical Duchy of Normandy was a formerly independent duchy occupying the lower Seine area, the
3372:
3063:, which sparked a literary renaissance on the Norman mainland. In exile in Jersey and then Guernsey,
2985:
The dukes of Normandy commissioned and inspired epic literature to record and legitimise their rule.
1986:
1340:
996:
648:
24:
3142:
19:
This article is about the geographical and cultural area. For the French administrative region, see
3657:
3622:
3191:
is one of the best known Impressionists and a major character in Normandy's artistic heritage. His
3129:
2582:
2397:
117:
4931:
1822:
1113:
4570:
4002:
3562:
3490:
3329:
3230:
3137:
3107:
Normandy has a rich tradition of painting and gave to France some of its most important artists.
2980:
2976:
2622:
1162:
992:
888:
659:
3147:
2346:
4084:
3386:
in the territory in the 5th and 6th centuries. Some of these missionaries came from across the
3333:
3172:
2702:
2411:
2103:
1796:
1450:
1385:
1325:
1248:
1182:
1128:
1043:
700:
2706:
1074:
636:
invaded Gaul (58–50 BC), there were nine different Celtic tribes living in this part of Gaul.
4916:
4785:
3315:
painter and member of the French resistance during WWII, lived and painted in the village of
3036:
2710:
2641:
2633:
was for many years a source of quarried granite, including that used for the construction of
2243:
2083:
2021:
1744:
1500:
1333:
1154:
1120:
1008:
948:
941:
539:
516:
368:
300:
275:
258:
202:
100:
88:
4038:
Quelques témoignages de la présence Anglo-Saxonne dans le Calvados, Basse-Normandie (France)
605:, prove that humans were present in the region in prehistoric times. Normandy also has many
4951:
4936:
4675:
4615:
4231:
3500:
3383:
2937:
2668:
2629:, the predominant local building material. The Channel Islands also share this influence –
1944:
1550:
1446:
1416:
1350:
Also, with seaside tourism in the 19th century came the advent of the first beach resorts.
1329:
1267:
1228:
1132:
1093:
as his overlord, who had provided him with military and financial aid during the conquest.
1090:
413:
378:
4966:
3972:
3548:
2054:
is a patchwork of small fields with high hedges, typical of western areas. Areas near the
8:
4740:
4690:
4670:
4585:
4542:
3576:
3430:
3407:
3399:
3391:
3250:
3214:
2933:
2592:
2591:) and castles characterise the former duchy in a way that mirrors the similar pattern of
2562:
in continental Normandy and English is also an official language in the Channel Islands.
2442:
2014:
1759:
are considered culturally and historically a part of Normandy. However, they are British
1313:
1244:
1236:
1200:
1124:
1039:
674:(the Seine being more or less the limit between them) was achieved by the usual methods:
606:
591:
557:") starting in the 9th century, and confirmed by treaty in the 10th century between King
424:
403:
3997:
René Herval, "Les origines chrétiennes de la Seconde Lyonnaise (Normandie actuelle)" in
3590:
3568:
4921:
4780:
4560:
4077:
3736:
3519:
2690:
2469:
2465:
2006:
1811:
1776:
1760:
1702:
1521:
1396:
1194:
960:
911:
retains a large Scandinavian and Anglo-Scandinavian heritage, due to a constant use of
861:
695:
558:
262:
3060:
2958:
2782:
4994:
4610:
4546:
4537:
4150:
4088:
4055:
3765:
3554:
3515:
3454:
3445:
3415:
3016:
2946:
2755:
2634:
2559:
2383:
2352:
2067:
1893:
1889:
1474:
1412:
1288:
1240:
1220:
1158:
1143:
1086:
1055:
1051:
984:
833:
690:
481:
4361:"Insee − Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques | Insee"
3913:
3364:, one of the leading French artist of the 1940s and the 1950s was born in Le Havre.
4973:
4750:
4685:
4450:
4019:
Jean Soulat, La présence saxonne et anglo-saxonne sur le littoral de la Manche, in
3770:
3614:
3410:
on 21 May 1172 and was absolved from the censures incurred by the assassination of
3238:
3044:
3040:
3032:
3024:
2998:
2994:
2817:
2787:
2717:. Normandy butter and Normandy cream are lavishly used in gastronomic specialties.
2714:
2454:
2298:
1712:
1528:
1302:
1035:
952:
937:
575:
248:
105:
4420:
3884:
3290:
3254:
3161:
3151:
2473:
1469:
1453:, and the extinction of the duchy itself in modern-day, republican France, in the
1283:
1058:
in 1130. They also carved out a place for themselves and their descendants in the
574:
in 1066, Normandy and England were linked by having the same person reign as both
4630:
4489:
4263:
4134:
4008:
3920:
3851:
3802:
3688:
3511:
3387:
3376:
3349:
3345:
3234:
3133:
3111:
2990:
2774:
produced by blending unfermented cider and apple brandy. Another aperitif is the
2722:
2683:
2596:
2428:
2424:
2267:
2248:
1970:
was created by the territorial reform of French Regions in 2014 by the merger of
1923:
1795:
be the Duke with regards to mainland Normandy described herein, by virtue of the
1756:
1687:
1560:
The highest point is the Signal d'Écouves (417 m), in the Armorican Massif.
1540:
1454:
1344:
1306:
1059:
1047:
1012:
933:
923:
908:
869:
857:
579:
500:
492:
467:
64:
50:
3012:
2646:
4941:
4655:
4635:
4040:, Band 13, edited by Karl Hauck, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2020, pp. 357–381.
3721:
3357:
3353:
3341:
3307:
movement in the 1890s, was a native of Granville, in the department of Manche.
3274:
3270:
3262:
3246:
3140:, a native of Rouen, was a notable figure in the Romantic movement, its famous
3136:
crossed the Channel from Great Britain, attracted by the light and landscapes.
3082:
by André Louis which appeared in 1969 was the first novel published in Norman.
3028:
2776:
2694:
2616:
2276:(420,000 in the metropolitan area) and formerly the capital of Lower Normandy;
2252:
2079:
2059:
1975:
1971:
1879:
1696:
1660:
1639:
1613:
1517:
1424:
1420:
1392:
1292:
1101:
1082:
1031:
988:
841:
670:
664:
602:
295:
3075:
2438:
2062:
region) contain a higher concentration of industry. Normandy is a significant
2005:
The Channel Islands are not part of French territory, but are instead British
1994:
1185:, battles ensued throughout the province. In the Channel Islands, a period of
784:
began invading from the east, followed by dispersed settlements mainly in the
4988:
4695:
4595:
4499:
4108:
3827:, originally from the word for "northman" in several Scandinavian languages.)
3798:
3757:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3450:
3411:
3361:
3312:
3300:
3278:
3242:
3219:
3119:
1899:
1721:
1321:
995:
along with associated vassals, the Principality of Ancyra (1073–1075), the
892:
887:
and his followers created an aristocracy that step by step adopted the local
797:
633:
158:
145:
3316:
2906:). Confectionery of the region includes Rouen apple sugar, Isigny caramels,
2255:. The population of the Channel Islands is estimated around 174,000 (2021).
1997:
from the Centre party was elected president of the council in January 2016.
1549:
typical of the western areas caused problems for the invading forces in the
975:
3706:
3692:
3437:. Many saints have been revered in Normandy down the centuries, including:
3426:
3258:
3188:
3094:
2967:
2656:
2588:
2570:
2450:
2313:
2258:
2071:
1932:
1905:
1854:
1708:
1671:
1666:
1513:
1157:. Between 1419 and 1450, the English controlled all of Normandy apart from
828:, they took advantage of the power vacuum created by the disintegration of
789:
785:
243:
225:
4805:
4710:
2859:(stuffed with truffled pigs' trotters). Other dishes are sheep's trotters
2728:
4845:
4600:
3610:
3480:
3266:
3223:
3125:
3115:
3064:
2461:
2446:
2234:
In January 2006 the population of French Normandy (including the part of
2010:
1949:
1816:
1784:
1681:
1618:
1532:
1381:
1357:
1216:
1190:
1147:
1105:
903:
829:
763:
on both sides of the English Channel. Coastal settlements were raided by
760:
683:
675:
4860:
4855:
4840:
4835:
4810:
4625:
3360:, considered one of the father of modern art, also natives of Normandy.
2770:
2434:
1481:
1298:
In 1790, the five departments of Normandy replaced the former province.
825:
4895:
4735:
4318:
3815:
3441:
3434:
3419:
3337:
3008:
3003:
2929:
2095:
1428:
1252:
1063:
1054:
progressively claimed territories in southern Italy until founding the
679:
652:
629:
420:
399:
385:
364:
3776:
Integration of Normandy into the royal domain of the Kingdom of France
3494:
3218:, Monet's painting of Le Havre, that led to the movement being dubbed
3201:
3164:(1860–1923), Printemps en Normandie (Springtime in Normandy) (1914/15)
2743:-cultivating, scallop-exporting, and mussel-raising region in France.
1598:
1494:
1353:
1166:
4946:
4820:
4815:
4700:
4665:
4565:
4482:
3304:
2922:
2832:
2806:
2664:
2612:
2608:
2575:
2281:
2087:
1800:
1780:
1734:
1676:
1578:
1505:
1404:
1287:
struck Normandy as well as other parts of the nation, leading to the
1239:, Mobile and New Orleans. Territories located between Québec and the
1232:
1186:
1174:
1067:
912:
897:
535:
359:
4421:"The Vikings in Normandy: The Scandinavian contribution in Normandy"
4191:
3205:
3047:, born in Rouen, were great figures of French classical literature.
2899:
2792:
1917:
1663:, central Normandy, is characterized by excellent agricultural land.
1623:
1085:
in 1404. He received the title King of the Canary Islands from Pope
644:
4900:
4885:
4875:
4865:
4745:
4730:
4680:
4605:
4226:
3673:
3596:
3582:
3395:
3294:
3286:
3209:
2915:
2911:
2277:
2099:
2037:
2029:
2025:
1885:
1629:
1603:
1536:
1432:
1408:
1399:. German forces dug into fortified emplacements above the beaches.
1263:
1204:
1123:, mainland Normandy was captured from the English by the forces of
1024:
877:
809:
554:
512:
432:
4590:
4360:
3110:
In the 17th century, some major French painters were Normans like
2679:
2086:. There is also easy access to and from the UK using the ports of
815:
4850:
4790:
4775:
4720:
4650:
4645:
4620:
3403:
3196:
2895:
2887:
2827:
2764:
2725:
are famous cattle breeds worldwide, especially to North America.
2660:
2630:
2626:
1842:
1772:
1692:
1655:
1650:
1554:
964:
919:
820:
523:
496:
349:
3934:"Découvertes touristiques Cap Breizh – Les îles Anglo-Normandes"
4870:
4825:
4795:
4725:
4715:
4575:
4256:
3818:
3508:
1905 French law on the Separation of the Churches and the State
3484:
3460:
2907:
2903:
2740:
2718:
2235:
2050:
1738:
1634:
1588:
1583:
1545:
1377:
1256:
1208:
1178:
873:
853:
805:
768:
764:
689:
and archeology found their traces in the past 30 years. In the
621:
550:
543:
527:
305:
285:
215:
189:
3510:, there is no established church in mainland Normandy. In the
1911:
1539:
peninsula. The region is bounded to the north and west by the
1146:
in 1315 (and later re-confirmed in 1339) – like the analogous
915:
during four or five generations in certain parts of Normandy.
549:
Normandy's name comes from the settlement of the territory by
4961:
4956:
4890:
4880:
4830:
4800:
4580:
3629:
3497:
and later home in Lisieux are a focus for religious pilgrims.
2852:
2751:
2747:
2732:
2615:
trends of the 1950s and 1960s. Le Havre, the city rebuilt by
2074:. Other activities of economic importance are dairy produce,
2063:
2055:
1993:. The executive consists of a president and vice-presidents.
1866:
1860:
1835:
1791:("The King, our Duke"). The British monarch is understood to
1645:
1109:
801:
793:
777:
708:
686:
625:
617:
567:
504:
238:
2866:
Normandy is also noted for its pastries. Normandy turns out
491:(a part of France) and insular Normandy (mostly the British
446:
2986:
2962:
2510:
2368:
2273:
2239:
2091:
2075:
2033:
1848:
1608:
1593:
1400:
1170:
926:-speaking mixture of Norsemen and indigenous Gallo-Franks.
563:
508:
290:
280:
233:
4109:"The historical background and the 'Lands of the Normans'"
4052:
The Normans: The conquests that changed the face of Europe
1978:. The new region took effect on 1 January 2016, after the
1445:
Despite the renunciation of the Duke of Normandy title by
1291:. Bad harvests, technical progress and the effects of the
776:, whose limits corresponded almost exactly to the future
3336:, Yvonne Barbier and Eugène Tirvert. Among members were
2587:
Architecturally, Norman cathedrals, abbeys (such as the
1281:
In the 1780s, the economic crisis and the crisis of the
1251:. Colonists from Normandy were among the most active in
5005:
Geographical, historical and cultural regions of France
4074:
3487:
in Rouen, and who is especially remembered in that city
2602:
Domestic architecture in upper Normandy is typified by
1553:. A notable feature of the landscape is created by the
1535:. France's oldest rocks are exposed in Jobourg, on the
3187:
Leader of the movement and father of modern painting,
2433:
The Norman language, including its insular variations
1415:
and other Norman towns endured many casualties in the
1153:
Normandy was devastated by various civil wars and the
2619:, was added to Unesco's World Heritage List in 2005.
1888:, which traditionally marks the boundary between the
1727:
1419:, which continued until the closing of the so-called
1360:
during the Allied invasion of Normandy, mid-June 1944
754:
4266:. Normandy Property. Retrieved on 19 September 2014.
4001:, 1963, n° 163, p. 1–11 (online reading in French)
3747:
1957:
in Rouen, today seat of the Norman regional assembly
3352:. Also in this movement were the Duchamp brothers,
2950:was also made in Normandy around the 14th century.
4076:
3001:wrote of the Vaux de Vire, the origin of literary
2940:. He wrote the earliest French cookery book named
2750:-producing region (very little wine is produced).
1989:has 102 members who are elected under a system of
4391:"Channel Islands Population (2021) – Worldometer"
3735:The Normandy American Cemetery and Memorial near
3429:, although this title has been ascribed to Saint
3128:drew painters to the Channel coasts of Normandy.
2312:The unofficial anthem of the region is the song "
1803:which excludes inheritance through female heirs.
1376:between 30 June 1940 and 9 May 1945. The town of
901:, a Scandinavian tradition which became known as
4986:
4169:. The official website of The British Monarchy.
3100:Woman with a Parasol – Madame Monet and Her Son
3067:took an interest in the vernacular literature.
1108:about to be burned at the stake in the city of
951:became king of England in 1066 after defeating
816:Viking raids and foundation of the Norman state
796:. As early as 487, the area between the rivers
4222:"La carte à 13 régions définitivement adoptée"
3150:, a native of La Hague. The landscape painter
1189:following the Reformation was suppressed when
4520:
4192:Baron de Montesquieu, M. de Secondat (1873).
2328:"Two-leopard" version, which is the main one.
1928:the Veules, the shortest French coastal river
967:of Normandy for himself and his descendants.
628:) have populated Normandy since at least the
499:; the region is the historic homeland of the
4308:L'état des régions françaises 2004, page 189
3960:Mégalithes de Normandie: Pierres de légendes
3931:
3425:Normandy does not have one generally agreed
3303:, one of the leaders and theoricists of the
2815:
2190:Unemployment (% of the labour force) (2007)
475:
56:
42:
3801:, not part of the United Kingdom but not a
3467:who are evangelizers of the Channel Islands
2460:Many words and place names demonstrate the
1557:of the Seine as it approaches its estuary.
1364:During the Second World War, following the
767:pirates that finally settled mainly in the
4527:
4513:
4083:. University of California Press. p.
1705:), in the south, presents hillier terrain.
1273:
16:Geographical and cultural region of France
3846:
3844:
3709:15 cm TbtsK C/36 German coastal gun.
1096:
3371:
3177:Un après-midi à l'Ile aux Cerises, Rouen
3167:
3156:
3089:
2957:
2727:
2678:
2569:
2558:(booth, cabin), etc. French is the only
2280:(296,773 in the metropolitan area); and
2257:
2024:comprises three separate jurisdictions:
1948:
1821:
1810:
1763:, and are not part of the modern French
1711:
1499:
1480:
1468:
1352:
1100:
974:
928:
643:
546:, which are British Crown Dependencies.
4355:
4353:
3793:
3791:
2036:. Administratively, Herm forms part of
1531:, while most of the region lies in the
1516:and the region to the west through the
1477:, the most visited monument in Normandy
1368:, continental Normandy was part of the
832:'s empire to take Northern France. The
323:30,627 km (11,825 sq mi)
4987:
4173:from the original on 21 September 2012
4049:
3841:
2625:in lower Normandy takes its form from
1961:
1684:, area between the Seine and the Eure.
693:a new province was created and called
662:of this region partly included in the
4508:
4371:from the original on 19 December 2018
4198:. ROBERT CLARKE & CO. p. 328
3979:from the original on 27 February 2008
3872:3. a native or inhabitant of Normandy
3285:in Rouen, the Musée Eugène Boudin in
2066:-producing region, and also produces
570:. For almost 150 years following the
4431:from the original on 23 January 2010
4401:from the original on 4 December 2020
4350:
4127:Bay of Écalgrain and Bay of Cul-Rond
4025:Environnement, archéologie, histoire
3788:
3457:who are important saints in Normandy
3325:Société Normande de Peinture Moderne
2894:in Lisieux. It is the birthplace of
2798:Other regional specialities include
2284:(117,855 in the metropolitan area).
1572:
1508:building. This is now a village hall
3975:(in French). pagesperso-orange.fr.
3895:from the original on 9 October 2017
3862:from the original on 24 August 2017
3444:who's remembered as the founder of
3237:, the Honfleur born Eugène Boudin,
2644:is filled with bourgeois villas in
1980:regional elections in December 2015
1395:on 6 June 1944 under the code name
970:
13:
4457:from the original on 30 March 2022
4329:from the original on 3 August 2016
2500:(throat), etc. place-names :
2000:
1728:Insular Normandy (Channel Islands)
895:, and often turned the women into
836:was created for the Viking leader
755:Germanic invasions and settlements
14:
5021:
4473:
4137:Website Lithothèque de Normandie.
3382:Christian missionaries implanted
3050:David Ferrand (1591–1660) in his
3007:. Notable Norman writers include
2839:Normandy dishes include duckling
1765:administrative region of Normandy
1380:was the site of the unsuccessful
4759:
4536:
4238:from the original on 15 May 2020
4113:The Digital Humanities Institute
4075:Emmanuel Le Roy Ladurie (1987).
4050:Neveux, Francois (3 June 2008).
3940:from the original on 8 July 2011
3750:
3728:
3714:
3699:
3681:
3665:
3650:
3636:
3621:
3603:
3589:
3575:
3561:
3547:
2910:mint chews, Falaise berlingots,
2758:, is also popular. The mealtime
2404:
2390:
2375:
2360:
2345:
2333:
2321:
2187:GDP (in million of Euros) (2006)
1527:Western Normandy belongs to the
1213:René-Robert Cavelier de La Salle
940:swearing oath on holy relics to
705:Metropolis civitas Rotomagensium
701:ecclesiastical province of Rouen
612:
208:
195:
182:
128:
111:
99:
81:
21:Normandy (administrative region)
4443:
4413:
4383:
4341:
4311:
4299:
4269:
4250:
4214:
4185:
4159:
4140:
4119:
4101:
4079:The French Peasantry: 1450–1660
4068:
4043:
4030:
4013:
2928:Normandy is the native land of
2574:A Norman style construction in
2565:
2229:
2078:(60% of production in France),
639:
530:. The Channel Islands (French:
134:Location and extent of Normandy
4257:Houses and properties for sale
3991:
3965:
3952:
3925:
3907:
3877:
3808:
2971:to Henry II, Illustration 1824
2932:, cook of the kings of France
2830:, lobsters, mackerel...), and
2303:gules, two leopards passant or
1567:
1370:German occupied zone of France
1034:lineage, de Hauteville's sons
1019:played important parts in the
985:parts of Africa around Tripoli
866:Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte
804:came under the control of the
678:and a policy of urbanisation.
601:Archaeological finds, such as
1:
4500:Gallery of photos of Normandy
4054:. Running Press. p. 48.
3834:
3534:Category:People from Normandy
3179:, oil on canvas, 50 x 61.2 cm
2953:
2674:
2262:Half-timbered houses in Rouen
1783:in the present era. Thus the
1459:monarch of the United Kingdom
1215:travelled in the area of the
1119:In 1204, during the reign of
1001:Kingdom of the Canary Islands
596:
3932:Michel Badet (29 May 2010).
3222:. After Monet, all the main
2476:; for example, words :
1830:Rivers in Normandy include:
1464:
1301:On 13 July 1793, the Norman
1243:were opened up to establish
503:. Large settlements include
7:
4910:Foreign territories in 1789
4769:Minor provinces and regions
4319:"Résultats de la recherche"
3889:Online Etymology Dictionary
3743:
3367:
3085:
2418:
2297:The traditional provincial
2118:Labour force in agriculture
2013:and each have an appointed
1991:proportional representation
1953:Historic photograph of the
1938:
1372:. The Channel Islands were
1225:Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville
10:
5026:
5000:Former provinces of France
4115:. University of Sheffield.
3962:, OREP Edition, Caen, 2012
3540:
3394:can still be found in the
3070:Les Travailleurs de la mer
3039:. The Corneille brothers,
2974:
2826:) lamb, seafood (mussels,
2580:
2422:
2287:
2265:
2043:
1942:
1787:in the Channel Islands is
1266:were two of the principal
1193:was imposed following the
1165:. When many Norman towns (
1073:The 14th-century explorer
1021:conquest of southern Italy
589:
585:
572:Norman conquest of England
263:British Crown Dependencies
18:
4909:
4768:
4757:
4553:
4451:"Norman cheeses: History"
4262:17 September 2017 at the
3525:
2870:(pears baked in pastry),
2816:
2595:in England following the
2124:Labour force in services
1874:And many coastal rivers:
1806:
1440:Channel Island occupation
1374:occupied by German forces
1366:armistice of 22 June 1940
1341:French Revolutionary Wars
1259:, Canada, and Louisiana.
997:Principality of Tarragona
981:southern Italy and Sicily
747:, Lisieux / Lieuvin) and
441:
431:
410:
396:
375:
358:
348:
340:
332:
327:
319:
314:
257:
224:
174:
139:
127:
95:
80:
73:
37:
25:Normandy (disambiguation)
4347:"France in CIA factbook"
3781:
3628:Half-timbered houses in
3340:, a native of Le Havre,
3204:, the beach and port at
3130:Richard Parkes Bonington
3021:Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly
2851:. Rabbit is cooked with
2801:tripes à la mode de Caen
2583:Architecture of Normandy
2398:Coat of arms of Guernsey
2121:Labour force in industry
699:, it sketched the later
4281:Financial Secrecy Index
4149:, Bonneton, Paris 2001
3914:Administrative Normandy
3819:
3328:was founded in 1909 by
2981:Gesta Normannorum Ducum
2977:Anglo-Norman literature
2898:(especially those from
2836:(spiced rice pudding).
2623:Vernacular architecture
2340:"Three-leopard" version
2292:
2070:, a distilled cider or
1797:Treaty of Paris of 1259
1624:Campagne de Saint-André
1274:18th century to present
993:Principality of Antioch
476:
471:
344:110/km (300/sq mi)
57:
4488:24 August 2007 at the
4133:19 August 2014 at the
3973:"César et les Gaulois"
3379:
3334:Robert Antoine Pinchon
3180:
3173:Robert Antoine Pinchon
3165:
3104:
2972:
2785:topped up with cider.
2736:
2686:
2653:Chapelle Saint-Germain
2578:
2412:Coat of arms of Jersey
2367:"Two-leopard" flag of
2263:
2238:which lies inside the
2084:nuclear power stations
1958:
1827:
1819:
1749:Bailliage de Guernesey
1717:
1509:
1497:
1478:
1361:
1326:French Second Republic
1183:Protestant Reformation
1116:
1097:13th to 17th centuries
1004:
963:, while retaining the
944:
889:Gallo-Romance language
868:. In exchange for his
655:
463:
43:
23:. For other uses, see
4927:Menton and Roquebrune
4395:www.worldometers.info
4027:, 2010, p. 146 – 163.
4007:31 March 2022 at the
3644:Saint-Céneri-le-Gérei
3375:
3309:Marie-Thérèse Auffray
3171:
3160:
3093:
3037:Alexis de Tocqueville
2961:
2731:
2682:
2667:. It is dedicated to
2573:
2449:dialect), and in the
2261:
2022:Bailiwick of Guernsey
1966:The modern region of
1952:
1838:and its tributaries:
1825:
1814:
1745:bailiwick of Guernsey
1715:
1524:and Channel Islands.
1503:
1484:
1472:
1356:
1334:French Third Republic
1121:John, King of England
1114:Jules Eugène Lenepveu
1104:
1052:Roger the Great Count
1009:Tancred of Hauteville
999:(1129–1173), and the
987:(1146–1158), and the
978:
942:William the Conqueror
932:
918:They then became the
780:of Normandy. In 406,
647:
559:Charles III of France
412: • Summer (
377: • Summer (
89:Arromanches-les-Bains
4676:Lorraine and Barrois
4543:Historical provinces
4234:. 17 December 2014.
4232:Agence France-Presse
3501:Germanus of Normandy
3493:whose birthplace in
3406:at the cathedral of
3384:monastic communities
3291:André Malraux Museum
3148:Jean-François Millet
2746:Normandy is a major
2669:Germanus of Normandy
2472:) influence in this
2382:Coat of arms of the
1955:Caserne Jeanne d'Arc
1945:Politics of Normandy
1716:Normandy countryside
1619:Campagne du Neubourg
1447:Henry III of England
1431:. The liberation of
1330:Second French Empire
1229:Lemoyne de Bienville
1207:in 1604 and founded
1133:Henry III of England
1091:Henry III of Castile
607:megalithic monuments
532:Îles Anglo-Normandes
341: • Density
4554:General governments
4277:"View 2018 Results"
3672:Decorated boats in
3392:Celtic Christianity
3390:. The influence of
3283:Museum of Fine Arts
3251:Gustave Caillebotte
3215:Impression, Sunrise
3208:and the sunrise at
3143:Radeau de la Méduse
2593:Norman architecture
2015:Lieutenant-Governor
1614:Campagne de Falaise
1604:Campagne d'Argentan
1442:effectively ended.
1318:Bourbon Restoration
1314:First French Empire
1201:Samuel de Champlain
1140:Charte aux Normands
1125:Philip II of France
1075:Jean de Béthencourt
947:Rollo's descendant
883:The descendants of
856:to the king of the
852:but in 911 entered
834:fiefdom of Normandy
774:Lugdunensis Secunda
713:Civitas Baiocassium
696:Lugdunensis Secunda
649:Gallo-Roman theatre
592:History of Normandy
487:Normandy comprises
155: /
87:Artificial port at
75:Geographical region
32:Geographical region
5010:Historical regions
4483:Normandie Héritage
3919:1 May 2008 at the
3797:Dependency of the
3737:Colleville-sur-Mer
3520:established church
3491:Thérèse de Lisieux
3380:
3181:
3166:
3138:Théodore Géricault
3105:
2973:
2843:, sautéed chicken
2737:
2687:
2642:Bagnoles-de-l'Orne
2640:The south part of
2579:
2470:Anglo-Scandinavian
2264:
2247:but excluding the
2007:Crown Dependencies
1959:
1828:
1820:
1777:Crown Dependencies
1761:Crown Dependencies
1718:
1703:Norman Switzerland
1599:Campagne d'Alençon
1551:Battle of Normandy
1522:Cotentin Peninsula
1510:
1498:
1479:
1417:Battle of Normandy
1397:Operation Overlord
1362:
1195:Stuart Restoration
1155:Hundred Years' War
1117:
1017:Guimond de Moulins
1005:
961:Battle of Hastings
955:, the last of the
945:
862:Charles the Simple
749:Civitas Constantia
741:Civitas Lexoviorum
729:Civitas Ebroicorum
721:Civitas Abrincatum
656:
333: • Total
320: • Total
259:French Departments
4982:
4981:
4495:The Norman Worlds
4167:"Channel Islands"
4094:978-0-520-05523-0
4061:978-0-7624-3371-1
4036:Christian Pilet,
3936:. capbreizh.com.
3856:WordReference.com
3766:Duchy of Normandy
3555:Mont Saint-Michel
3516:Church of England
3446:Mont Saint-Michel
3416:Mont Saint-Michel
3193:house and gardens
3017:Guy de Maupassant
2947:Confiture de lait
2635:Mont Saint-Michel
2560:official language
2453:in the East (the
2443:regional language
2384:Duchy of Normandy
2227:
2226:
2179:
2178:
1962:Mainland Normandy
1894:Duchy of Normandy
1890:Duchy of Brittany
1789:Le Roi, notre Duc
1701:Suisse Normande (
1573:Mainland Normandy
1504:A typical Norman
1493:of the cliffs of
1475:Mont-Saint-Michel
1289:French Revolution
1270:ports of France.
1241:Mississippi Delta
1221:Mississippi River
1203:left the port of
1159:Mont-Saint-Michel
1144:Louis X of France
1056:Kingdom of Sicily
957:Anglo-Saxon kings
691:Late Roman Empire
489:mainland Normandy
482:Duchy of Normandy
457:
456:
5017:
4974:Comtat Venaissin
4970:
4763:
4541:
4540:
4529:
4522:
4515:
4506:
4505:
4481:
4467:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4453:. fromages.org.
4447:
4441:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4417:
4411:
4410:
4408:
4406:
4387:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4357:
4348:
4345:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4315:
4309:
4307:
4303:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4287:on 31 March 2018
4283:. Archived from
4273:
4267:
4254:
4248:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4218:
4212:
4211:
4205:
4203:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4163:
4157:
4144:
4138:
4123:
4117:
4116:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4082:
4072:
4066:
4065:
4047:
4041:
4034:
4028:
4017:
4011:
3999:Études Normandes
3995:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3984:
3969:
3963:
3958:Jeannine Rouch,
3956:
3950:
3949:
3947:
3945:
3929:
3923:
3911:
3905:
3904:
3902:
3900:
3881:
3875:
3874:
3869:
3867:
3848:
3828:
3822:
3812:
3806:
3795:
3771:Duke of Normandy
3760:
3755:
3754:
3753:
3732:
3718:
3703:
3685:
3669:
3658:Château d'Ételan
3654:
3640:
3625:
3615:Mulberry Harbour
3607:
3593:
3579:
3569:Château Gaillard
3565:
3551:
3239:Camille Pissarro
3033:Remy de Gourmont
3025:Gustave Flaubert
2999:Olivier Basselin
2995:Stephen of Rouen
2821:
2820:
2818:salade cauchoise
2455:Cauchois dialect
2408:
2394:
2379:
2364:
2349:
2337:
2325:
2299:flag of Normandy
2181:
2180:
2109:
2108:
1987:Regional Council
1609:Campagne de Caen
1529:Armorican Massif
1303:Charlotte Corday
1227:and his brother
1163:Wars of Religion
1036:William Iron Arm
971:Norman expansion
953:Harold Godwinson
576:Duke of Normandy
479:
453:
450:
448:
417:
382:
249:Saint Peter Port
214:
212:
211:
201:
199:
198:
188:
186:
185:
170:
169:
167:
166:
165:
160:
156:
153:
152:
151:
148:
132:
115:
103:
85:
68:
60:
54:
46:
35:
34:
5025:
5024:
5020:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5015:
5014:
4985:
4984:
4983:
4978:
4964:
4905:
4764:
4755:
4549:
4535:
4533:
4490:Wayback Machine
4479:
4476:
4471:
4470:
4460:
4458:
4449:
4448:
4444:
4434:
4432:
4419:
4418:
4414:
4404:
4402:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4374:
4372:
4359:
4358:
4351:
4346:
4342:
4332:
4330:
4317:
4316:
4312:
4305:
4304:
4300:
4290:
4288:
4275:
4274:
4270:
4264:Wayback Machine
4255:
4251:
4241:
4239:
4220:
4219:
4215:
4201:
4199:
4190:
4186:
4176:
4174:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4145:
4141:
4135:Wayback Machine
4124:
4120:
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3512:Channel Islands
3402:of England did
3377:Rouen Cathedral
3370:
3350:Maurice Utrillo
3346:Francis Picabia
3235:Gustave Courbet
3134:J. M. W. Turner
3112:Nicolas Poussin
3088:
3061:George Métivier
2991:Orderic Vitalis
2983:
2956:
2861:à la rouennaise
2841:à la rouennaise
2822:, salt meadow (
2791:is produced in
2783:crème de cassis
2781:, a measure of
2723:Guernsey cattle
2703:Brillat-Savarin
2677:
2597:Norman Conquest
2585:
2568:
2542:(grove, wood),
2534:(hill, mound),
2496:(slide, slip),
2431:
2429:Norman toponymy
2425:Norman language
2423:Main articles:
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2046:
2003:
2001:Channel Islands
1964:
1947:
1941:
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1757:Channel Islands
1730:
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1541:English Channel
1467:
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1451:Treaty of Paris
1345:Napoleonic Wars
1307:Jean-Paul Marat
1276:
1129:Treaty of Paris
1099:
1089:but recognized
1060:Crusader states
1048:Robert Guiscard
1013:Rainulf Drengot
973:
934:Bayeux Tapestry
909:Norman toponymy
818:
782:Germanic tribes
757:
737:Civitas Saiorum
642:
620:(also known as
615:
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594:
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580:King of England
561:and the Viking
501:Norman language
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3369:
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3358:Marcel Duchamp
3354:Jacques Villon
3342:Albert Marquet
3275:Georges Braque
3271:Pierre Bonnard
3263:Georges Seurat
3247:Auguste Renoir
3231:William Turner
3087:
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3029:Octave Mirbeau
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2617:Auguste Perret
2581:Main article:
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1393:D-Day landings
1339:Following the
1293:Eden Agreement
1275:
1272:
1219:, then on the
1112:, painting by
1098:
1095:
1083:Canary Islands
1077:established a
989:Crusader state
972:
969:
864:, through the
850:besieged Paris
842:Medieval Latin
817:
814:
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727:, Avranches),
671:Gallia Belgica
665:Gallia Celtica
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1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1781:British Crown
1778:
1774:
1768:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1750:
1746:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1723:
1722:Vexin normand
1720:
1714:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1691:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1677:Pays d'Houlme
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1657:
1654:
1652:
1649:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:(or d’Évreux)
1625:
1622:
1620:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1594:Bocage virois
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1565:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1507:
1502:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1476:
1471:
1462:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1441:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1379:
1375:
1371:
1367:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1322:July Monarchy
1319:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1305:assassinated
1304:
1299:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1285:
1284:Ancien Régime
1279:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1262:Honfleur and
1260:
1258:
1255:, comprising
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1198:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1181:) joined the
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1126:
1122:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1094:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1028:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
986:
983:(1030–1263),
982:
977:
968:
966:
962:
958:
954:
950:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
925:
924:Norman French
921:
916:
914:
910:
906:
905:
900:
899:
894:
893:British Isles
890:
886:
881:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
822:
813:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
770:
766:
762:
752:
751:(Coutances).
750:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
697:
692:
688:
685:
682:mention many
681:
677:
673:
672:
667:
666:
661:
654:
650:
646:
637:
635:
634:Julius Caesar
631:
627:
623:
619:
613:Celtic period
610:
608:
604:
593:
583:
581:
577:
573:
569:
566:
565:
560:
556:
552:
547:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
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520:
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510:
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498:
494:
490:
485:
483:
478:
473:
469:
465:
461:
452:
444:
440:
436:
434:
433:ISO 3166 code
430:
426:
422:
419:
415:
409:
405:
401:
398:
395:
391:
387:
384:
380:
374:
370:
366:
363:
361:
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353:
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347:
343:
339:
335:
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318:
313:
307:
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302:
299:
297:
294:
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289:
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284:
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279:
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274:
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266:
264:
260:
256:
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245:
242:
240:
237:
235:
232:
231:
229:
227:
223:
217:
206:
204:
193:
191:
180:
179:
177:
173:
168:
140:Coordinates:
138:
131:
126:
119:
114:
107:
102:
94:
90:
84:
79:
72:
66:
59:
52:
45:
36:
30:
26:
22:
4705:
4461:10 September
4459:. Retrieved
4445:
4433:. Retrieved
4424:
4415:
4403:. Retrieved
4394:
4385:
4373:. Retrieved
4365:www.insee.fr
4364:
4343:
4331:. Retrieved
4322:
4313:
4301:
4289:. Retrieved
4285:the original
4280:
4271:
4252:
4240:. Retrieved
4225:
4216:
4207:
4200:. Retrieved
4194:
4187:
4175:. Retrieved
4161:
4146:
4142:
4126:
4121:
4112:
4103:
4078:
4070:
4051:
4045:
4037:
4032:
4024:
4020:
4015:
3998:
3993:
3981:. Retrieved
3967:
3959:
3954:
3942:. Retrieved
3927:
3909:
3897:. Retrieved
3888:
3879:
3871:
3864:. Retrieved
3855:
3824:
3823:, plural of
3810:
3707:World War II
3693:Claude Monet
3531:
3505:
3475:Anglo-Norman
3427:patron saint
3424:
3381:
3323:
3321:
3299:
3259:Paul Gauguin
3228:
3213:
3189:Claude Monet
3186:
3182:
3176:
3141:
3124:
3109:
3106:
3098:
3095:Claude Monet
3079:
3068:
3057:parler purin
3056:
3051:
3049:
3013:Rémy Belleau
3002:
2984:
2968:Roman de Rou
2966:
2945:
2941:
2927:
2921:, and Rouen
2918:
2891:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2867:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2848:
2847:, and goose
2844:
2840:
2838:
2831:
2823:
2811:
2805:
2799:
2797:
2786:
2775:
2769:
2763:
2760:trou normand
2759:
2745:
2738:
2711:Petit Suisse
2688:
2684:Normande cow
2657:Querqueville
2652:
2647:Belle Époque
2645:
2639:
2621:
2601:
2589:Abbey of Bec
2586:
2566:Architecture
2555:
2551:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2488:(catshark),
2485:
2484:(starfish),
2481:
2477:
2474:Oïl language
2459:
2451:Pays de Caux
2432:
2353:Nordic Cross
2314:Ma Normandie
2311:
2306:
2302:
2296:
2271:
2242:
2233:
2230:Demographics
2072:apple brandy
2058:(the former
2049:
2047:
2019:
2004:
1984:
1965:
1954:
1873:
1829:
1792:
1788:
1769:
1754:
1748:
1709:Val de Saire
1688:Pays d'Ouche
1672:Pays de Caux
1667:Pays de Bray
1562:
1559:
1544:
1526:
1514:Pays de Caux
1511:
1490:
1486:
1449:in the 1259
1444:
1437:
1390:
1363:
1349:
1338:
1311:
1300:
1297:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1261:
1199:
1152:
1139:
1137:
1118:
1087:Innocent VII
1072:
1029:
1006:
946:
936:(Scene 23):
917:
902:
896:
884:
882:
880:") origins.
848:. Rollo had
845:
837:
819:
790:Pays de Caux
786:Pays de Bray
773:
758:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
728:
724:
720:
717:Augustodorum
716:
712:
704:
694:
669:
663:
660:Romanisation
657:
640:Romanisation
616:
600:
562:
548:
531:
521:
486:
459:
458:
244:Saint Helier
118:Coat of arms
29:
4965: [
4952:Sarrewerden
4932:Montbéliard
4601:Bourbonnais
4480:(in French)
4435:14 December
4375:14 February
4333:14 February
4306:(in French)
3611:Arromanches
3481:Joan of Arc
3267:Paul Signac
3224:avant-garde
3126:Romanticism
3116:Les Andelys
3076:Côtis-Capel
3065:Victor Hugo
2942:Le Viandier
2914:marzipans,
2788:Bénédictine
2480:(seagull),
2462:Old English
2447:Cotentinais
2439:Guernésiais
2244:département
2011:Charles III
1995:Hervé Morin
1817:Les Andelys
1785:Loyal Toast
1661:Pays d'Auge
1640:Domfrontais
1568:Sub-regions
1533:Paris Basin
1518:Pays d'Auge
1421:Falaise gap
1382:Dieppe Raid
1358:Omaha Beach
1268:slave trade
1217:Great Lakes
1191:Anglicanism
1148:Magna Carta
1142:granted by
1106:Joan of Arc
904:more Danico
858:West Franks
840:, known in
830:Charlemagne
761:Saxon Shore
735:, Évreux),
719:, Bayeux),
703:, with the
684:Gallo-Roman
680:Classicists
676:Roman roads
668:and in the
477:Nouormandie
164:48.88; 0.17
162: /
4989:Categories
4896:Vermandois
4786:Beaujolais
4736:Roussillon
4242:13 January
4202:2 February
3835:References
3816:Old French
3506:Since the
3435:Saint Ouen
3420:pilgrimage
3338:Raoul Dufy
3317:Échauffour
3114:, born in
3009:Jean Marot
3004:vaudeville
2975:See also:
2954:Literature
2938:Charles VI
2930:Taillevent
2919:croquettes
2878:in Rouen,
2872:craquelins
2807:andouilles
2707:Neufchâtel
2675:Gastronomy
2526:(valley),
2514:(island),
2504:(stream),
2494:(é)griller
2266:See also:
2096:Ouistreham
1826:The Bresle
1656:Mortainais
1642:or Passais
1429:Mont Ormel
1253:New France
1064:Asia Minor
745:Noviomagus
733:Mediolanum
653:Lillebonne
630:Bronze Age
597:Prehistory
536:bailiwicks
472:Normaundie
449:.normandie
360:Time zones
328:Population
58:Normaundie
4947:Salm-Salm
4821:Couserans
4816:Comminges
4806:Cambrésis
4741:Saintonge
4711:Orléanais
4701:Nivernais
4666:Languedoc
4616:Champagne
4566:Angoumois
4405:6 January
4147:Normandie
4021:Quentovic
3944:8 October
3433:, and to
3408:Avranches
3212:. It was
2934:Charles V
2923:macaroons
2882:in Caen,
2876:roulettes
2868:douillons
2833:teurgoule
2691:Camembert
2665:Port-Bail
2659:with its
2613:brutalist
2609:modernist
2599:of 1066.
2576:Deauville
2508:(river),
2282:Cherbourg
2220:1,791,956
2088:Cherbourg
1801:Salic Law
1775:) remain
1735:bailiwick
1579:Avranchin
1465:Geography
1405:Cherbourg
1249:Louisiana
1233:Louisiana
1187:Calvinism
1175:Coutances
1169:, Rouen,
1068:Holy Land
959:, at the
938:Harold II
913:Old Norse
854:vassalage
517:Cherbourg
464:Normandie
462:(French:
421:UTC+01:00
400:UTC+00:00
386:UTC+02:00
365:UTC+01:00
336:3,499,280
44:Normandie
4995:Normandy
4937:Mulhouse
4917:Créhange
4901:Vivarais
4886:Valromey
4876:Rouergue
4866:Ponthieu
4861:Périgord
4856:Nébouzan
4841:Gévaudan
4836:Gâtinais
4811:Cévennes
4781:Armagnac
4746:Touraine
4731:Provence
4706:Normandy
4681:Lyonnais
4671:Limousin
4631:Flanders
4626:Dauphiné
4611:Burgundy
4606:Brittany
4586:Auvergne
4486:Archived
4455:Archived
4429:Archived
4399:Archived
4369:Archived
4327:Archived
4260:Archived
4236:Archived
4227:Le Monde
4171:Archived
4131:Archived
4023: :
4005:Archived
3983:13 April
3977:Archived
3938:Archived
3917:Archived
3893:Archived
3885:"Norman"
3866:23 April
3860:Archived
3852:"Norman"
3744:See also
3674:Honfleur
3597:Le Havre
3583:Honfleur
3485:martyred
3483:who was
3396:Cotentin
3368:Religion
3295:Le Havre
3287:Honfleur
3210:Le Havre
3086:Painting
2916:Argentan
2912:Le Havre
2896:brioches
2849:en daube
2828:scallops
2824:pré salé
2771:apéritif
2756:calvados
2554:(pond),
2435:Jèrriais
2419:Language
2278:Le Havre
2100:Le Havre
2068:calvados
2038:Guernsey
2030:Alderney
2026:Guernsey
1968:Normandy
1939:Politics
1892:and the
1886:Couesnon
1630:Cotentin
1589:Bauptois
1555:meanders
1537:Cotentin
1506:thatched
1491:Aiguille
1489:and the
1433:Le Havre
1425:Chambois
1423:between
1409:Carentan
1388:forces.
1343:and the
1264:Le Havre
1231:founded
1205:Honfleur
1066:and the
1044:Humphrey
1025:Crusades
1023:and the
878:Norseman
826:Jumièges
806:Frankish
739:(Sées),
555:Northmen
540:Guernsey
513:Le Havre
460:Normandy
301:Guernsey
276:Calvados
226:Capitals
203:Guernsey
39:Normandy
4851:Labourd
4791:Bigorre
4776:Agenais
4721:Picardy
4656:Hainaut
4651:Guyenne
4646:Gascony
4621:Corsica
4177:20 July
3899:1 April
3825:Normant
3820:Normanz
3676:harbour
3541:Gallery
3518:is the
3495:Alençon
3451:Marcouf
3431:Michael
3404:penance
3388:Channel
3289:or the
3202:Étretat
3197:Giverny
2888:Lisieux
2884:fallues
2880:fouaces
2845:yvetois
2779:normand
2765:Pommeau
2715:Boursin
2695:Livarot
2661:trefoil
2631:Chausey
2627:granite
2482:fifotte
2441:, is a
2355:version
2288:Culture
2217:France
2175:77.20%
2163:France
2158:68.50%
2141:61.60%
2044:Economy
1924:Touques
1843:Andelle
1779:of the
1773:Chausey
1693:Roumois
1651:Lieuvin
1646:Hiémois
1495:Étretat
1413:Falaise
1167:Alençon
1081:in the
1079:kingdom
1032:Drengot
991:of the
965:fiefdom
949:William
920:Normans
821:Vikings
632:. When
586:History
551:Vikings
524:Mayenne
497:Normans
442:Website
350:Demonym
175:Country
147:48°53′N
4871:Quercy
4826:Dombes
4796:Bresse
4726:Poitou
4716:Perche
4691:Marche
4576:Artois
4561:Alsace
4547:France
4153:
4091:
4058:
3660:(1494)
3526:People
3514:, the
3461:Helier
3442:Aubert
3422:site.
3206:Fécamp
3103:, 1875
3080:Zabeth
3045:Thomas
3041:Pierre
3035:, and
3031:, and
2908:Bayeux
2904:Gisors
2900:Évreux
2892:sablés
2853:morels
2793:Fécamp
2768:is an
2741:oyster
2719:Jersey
2540:-londe
2532:Hougue
2524:-dalle
2506:-fleur
2236:Perche
2223:7.50%
2212:7.90%
2209:34,064
2201:6.80%
2198:46,853
2172:20.60%
2155:25.00%
2138:36.10%
2104:Dieppe
2051:bocage
1974:, and
1918:Sélune
1880:Bresle
1807:Rivers
1739:Jersey
1635:Perche
1584:Bessin
1546:bocage
1386:Allied
1378:Dieppe
1257:Acadia
1245:Canada
1237:Biloxi
1209:Acadia
1179:Bayeux
1042:, and
898:frilla
874:fealty
870:homage
838:Hrólfr
810:Clovis
772:Roman
769:Bessin
725:Ingena
687:villas
622:Belgae
544:Jersey
528:Sarthe
468:Norman
437:FR-NOR
354:Norman
306:Jersey
286:Manche
216:Jersey
213:
200:
190:France
187:
150:0°10′E
65:Norman
61:
51:French
47:
4969:]
4962:Tende
4957:Savoy
4891:Velay
4881:Soule
4831:Forez
4801:Bugey
4686:Maine
4596:Berry
4591:Béarn
4581:Aunis
4571:Anjou
4323:Insee
4291:1 May
3814:From
3782:Notes
3630:Rouen
3473:, an
3311:, an
3305:Nabis
2855:, or
2752:Perry
2748:cider
2733:Cider
2655:) at
2556:-beuf
2552:-mare
2528:Hogue
2490:mucre
2478:mauve
2466:Norse
2169:2.20%
2152:6.50%
2135:2.30%
2064:cider
2056:Seine
1900:Dives
1867:Robec
1861:Risle
1836:Seine
1747:(Fr.
1487:Arche
1110:Rouen
1040:Drogo
885:Rollo
846:Rollo
808:lord
802:Loire
798:Somme
794:Vexin
778:duchy
765:Saxon
709:Rouen
626:Gauls
618:Celts
568:Rollo
505:Rouen
239:Rouen
4942:Nice
4922:Dabo
4636:Foix
4463:2007
4437:2009
4407:2021
4377:2021
4335:2021
4293:2019
4244:2015
4204:2019
4179:2015
4151:ISBN
4089:ISBN
4056:ISBN
3985:2008
3946:2010
3901:2010
3868:2016
3532:See
3463:and
3455:Laud
3453:and
3356:and
3348:and
3322:The
3277:and
3132:and
3118:and
3043:and
2993:and
2987:Wace
2979:and
2963:Wace
2936:and
2902:and
2810:and
2721:and
2713:and
2611:and
2548:-vic
2536:-lon
2520:-dal
2516:-tot
2511:-hou
2502:-bec
2498:fale
2464:and
2437:and
2427:and
2369:Sark
2293:Flag
2274:Caen
2240:Orne
2184:Area
2166:2006
2149:2006
2132:2003
2115:Year
2112:Area
2102:and
2092:Caen
2076:flax
2034:Sark
2032:and
2020:The
1985:The
1933:Vire
1931:the
1922:the
1916:the
1910:the
1906:Orne
1904:the
1898:the
1884:the
1878:the
1865:the
1859:the
1855:Eure
1853:the
1849:Epte
1847:the
1841:the
1834:the
1755:The
1743:The
1733:The
1485:The
1457:the
1427:and
1401:Caen
1247:and
1171:Caen
1138:The
1050:and
1030:The
1015:and
922:– a
872:and
800:and
792:and
658:The
624:and
578:and
564:jarl
542:and
526:and
515:and
509:Caen
390:CEST
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