710:
410:
2874:
2906:
737:
3240:
547:
22:
120:
1643:
421:
193:
305:
158:. In such an era, it was "natural enough to consider that suitable armorial devices and compositions should be assigned to men of mark in earlier ages". Each author could attribute different arms for the same person, although regional styles developed, and the arms for major figures soon became fixed.
810:
appears often in heraldic settings. In one case, the device from the shield of the
Trinity is placed on a blue field and attributed to St. Michael. More usually, he is shown in armour with a red cross on a white shield, slaying the devil depicted as a dragon. These attributed arms were later
57:, and then to biblical figures, to Roman and Greek heroes, and to kings and popes who had not historically borne arms. Individual authors often attributed different arms for the same person, although the arms for major figures eventually became fixed.
165:
of their descendants' arms. The quarterings for the family of Lloyd of
Stockton, for instance, include numerous arms originally attributed to Welsh chieftains from the 9th century or earlier. In a similar vein, arms were attributed to
116:, about 40 of Arthur's knights had attributed coats of arms. A second stage of development occurred during the 14th and 15th centuries when Arthurian arms expanded to include as many as 200 attributed coats of arms.
249:
field (Loomis 1938, 38). In a 1394 manuscript depicting the Nine
Worthies, Arthur is shown holding a flag with three gold crowns. The reason for the triple-crown symbol is unknown, but it was associated with other
273:
Other arms were associated with Arthur. In a manuscript from the later 13th century, Arthur's shield has three gold leopards, a likely heraldic flattery of Edward I of
England.
53:
in the latter half of the 12th century. Once coats of arms were the established fashion of the ruling class, society expected a king to be armigerous. Arms were assigned to the
507:, 1910). Middlesex was granted a red shield with three notched swords and a "Saxon Crown". The Essex County Council was granted the arms without the crown in 1932.
227:. Although these arms could be arbitrary, some characters were traditionally associated with one coat or a few different coats. Early British sources such as the
173:
In the 16th and 17th centuries, additional arms were attributed to a large number of saints, kings and popes, especially those from the 11th and 12th centuries.
143:("Vows of the Peacock"), which included a list of nine famous leaders. This list, divided into three groups of three, became known in art and literature as the
382:
noted with favor that in the
Arthurian age, worthy knights used arms of one color, suggesting 12th century heraldic ornamentation was partly pretence.
1665:
693:); the resulting attributed arms include a winged heart pierced with a sword and placed on a blue field. Mary is also attributed a group of white
378:
create an atmosphere. Plain arms were rare in the 12th century, and were used in literature to suggest a primitive heraldry of a time long past.
762:
quickly became popular. It was often used in decorating not only churches, but theological manuscripts and rolls of arms. An early example from
270:
to towns which were symbolized by three crowns in the towns' arms. The number of crowns increased to eleven, thirteen and even thirty at times.
579:. These instruments were described in heraldic terms and treated as personal to Christ much as a coat of arms. An early example in a seal from
754:
Out of a desire to make the abstract visible, arms were also attributed to the unseen spirits. Because anthropomorphic representations of the
374:
challenging the knights of the Round Table. In most cases, the color was chosen at random and has no symbolic significance. Such arms of one
297:(a cross and the Virgin Mary) and including the motto "King Arthur is not dead" in Cornish, can be found on the cover of W. H. Pascoe's 1979
1675:
563:
the harp for arms inherited as a descendant of David. Nevertheless, the cross was regarded as Christ's emblem, and it was so used by the
327:
was attributed a variety of arms. His earliest arms, a gold lion rampant on red field, are shown in a set of 13th-century tiles found in
1930:
2272:
1447:
2236:
1670:
613:
The instruments of the
Passion were sometimes split between a shield and crest in the form of an achievement of arms. The
347:
attributed to
Tristan a silver shield with a black boar rampant In Italy, however, he was attributed geometric patterns (
461:, a blue shield charged with a gold cross and five gold birds, appears to have been suggested by heralds in the time of
1702:
567:. Sometimes the arms of Christ feature a Paschal lamb as the principal charge. By the 13th century, however, numerous
1615:
1589:
1555:
1429:
1407:
1381:
1362:
1647:
391:
367:
184:
The tinctures and charges attributed to an individual in the past provide insight into the history of symbolism.
245:
was assigned many different arms, but from the 13th century, he was most commonly given three gold crowns on an
1988:
457:
were assigned a gold cross on a blue shield, but this did not exist until the 13th century. The arms of Saint
3249:
483:, for instance, was assigned a red shield with three notched swords (or "seaxes"). This coat was used by the
335:
in the 12th century attributed these arms in what is believed to be heraldic flattery of his patron, either
2510:
2505:
1530:
484:
181:
is known with certainty. By the end of the 17th century, the use of attributed arms became more restrained
812:
807:
796:â1259) adds a cross between the center and bottom circles, accompanied by the words "v'bu caro f'm est" (
718:
529:, the whole chessboard was shown in some sources, resulting in the 14th-century checkered version of the
2375:
835:
576:
450:
derive. However, there is no proof that
William's arms were not attributed to William after his death.
108:
Attributed or imaginary arms appeared in literature in the middle of the 12th century, particularly in
65:
54:
36:
343:, whose coats of arms contained some form of lion. In other versions the field is not red, but green.
3277:
1348:
428:
Arms were attributed to important pre-heraldic kings. Among the best known are those assigned to the
216:
690:
3069:
2565:
2092:
496:
344:
154:
Once coats of arms were the established fashion of the ruling class, society expected a king to be
1607:
401:
competes in a jousting tournament with plain black, green, and red arms on three successive days.
3232:
3194:
2586:
2525:
2465:
1852:
1797:
1762:
801:
686:
447:
3087:
3036:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
1968:
1945:
1901:
1840:
1695:
1496:
1461:
682:
640:
2864:
1973:
1923:
1918:
1896:
1780:
759:
749:
714:
667:
655:
is a mark of eminence in German heraldry, but it was omitted when this image was copied into
466:
263:
162:
97:
69:
386:
113:
49:
given retrospectively to persons real or fictitious who died before the start of the age of
3092:
1879:
1845:
1737:
1439:
709:
462:
458:
443:
439:
414:
379:
336:
274:
93:
89:
446:
used such a coat of arms with two lions on a red field, from which the three lions of the
293:. An illustration of the latter by D. Endean Ivall, based on the battle flag described by
8:
2950:
2748:
2730:
2520:
2103:
2055:
2030:
1732:
375:
340:
267:
178:
136:
77:
3144:
3117:
2445:
2390:
2340:
2251:
2241:
2178:
2153:
2088:
2063:
2035:
1935:
1722:
1513:
1478:
1396:
741:
629:
429:
308:
228:
3272:
3061:
2992:
2983:
2877:
2606:
2211:
2083:
2022:
2000:
1978:
1862:
1814:
1688:
1611:
1599:
1585:
1577:
1565:
1551:
1425:
1403:
1377:
1358:
778:
632:
409:
332:
212:
109:
2873:
2829:
2817:
2738:
2540:
2345:
2292:
2287:
2221:
2206:
2148:
2113:
1963:
1958:
1891:
1857:
1785:
1671:
An
Investigation into the Symbolism of Heraldry in the Legend of Tristram and Isoud
1505:
1470:
827:
763:
648:
625:
480:
246:
174:
3244:
3156:
2841:
2686:
2671:
2666:
2601:
2282:
2246:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2073:
2045:
1742:
1344:
599:
587:
530:
500:
320:
286:
255:
200:
2905:
2360:
1525:
3168:
3134:
3127:
2681:
2646:
2438:
2365:
2350:
2330:
2068:
1913:
1908:
1802:
1790:
1417:
675:
552:
328:
259:
31:
740:
Traditional arms of Satan, based on the "three unclean spirits like frogs" of
697:
flowers. An example can be found on the lower part of the coat of arms of the
3266:
3216:
3151:
3122:
2782:
2706:
2638:
1727:
1659:
1391:
782:
515:
433:
278:
144:
124:
81:
73:
46:
2591:
315:
Other characters in the
Arthurian legends are described with coats of arms.
3229:
Non-traditional, regional, or rarely used (sometimes considered unheraldic)
3206:
3184:
3139:
3017:
2676:
2581:
2216:
2143:
2108:
1953:
1886:
1809:
1747:
823:
722:
698:
656:
591:
526:
522:
521:
Flags were also attributed. While the King of Morocco was attributed three
371:
282:
236:
224:
132:
2618:
2335:
2314:
3211:
3053:
2550:
2530:
2398:
2277:
2040:
1352:
736:
671:
603:
568:
473:
454:
290:
242:
167:
85:
3026:
2623:
2098:
465:
based on a coin minted in Edward's reign. These arms were later used by
385:
Plain arms may also function as a disguise for major characters. In the
2711:
2701:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2596:
2470:
2428:
2408:
2380:
2370:
1757:
1517:
1482:
666:â1480). The image on the opposing page (shown above) includes a shield
595:
572:
546:
442:, the first Norman king of England, had a coat of arms with two lions.
363:
155:
148:
21:
3045:
3112:
2716:
2696:
2691:
2500:
2485:
2302:
2007:
492:
476:
232:
2355:
2231:
1509:
1491:
1474:
1456:
1256:
397:
319:
starts with plain white arms but later receives a shield with three
3201:
2743:
2628:
2555:
2535:
2480:
2423:
2418:
2413:
1983:
1711:
781:
with this shield. A variation included with the shields of arms in
644:
564:
316:
220:
196:
50:
2962:
2914:
1653:
2853:
2611:
2545:
2515:
2495:
2490:
2475:
2455:
2309:
2297:
2267:
2226:
2190:
2123:
2078:
1874:
1835:
941:
939:
937:
755:
511:
324:
294:
251:
204:
119:
1081:
1065:
135:
included invented arms for kings of foreign lands. Around 1310,
60:
Notable arms attributed to biblical figures include the arms of
3189:
3163:
2938:
2770:
2560:
2450:
2433:
2403:
2183:
2138:
2128:
1869:
1752:
1642:
934:
647:, and the Cross, scepter (of mockery) and flagellum (whip) as
289:. Geoffrey also assigned Arthur a shield with an image of the
88:. Arms were given to many kings predating heraldry, including
2805:
2460:
2133:
2012:
1995:
978:
819:
674:
of Christ, three jars of ointment, two rods, and the head of
636:
560:
488:
420:
350:
262:
in Cologne (which led to the three crowns in the seal of the
61:
26:
1172:
681:
While Christ was associated with the images of the Passion,
192:
2909:
2118:
1680:
995:
993:
831:
758:
were discouraged by the Church during the Middle Ages, the
694:
607:
395:, Lancelot bears plain red arms as a disguise. The hero of
311:
kissing, with attributed arms on a field of green in center
96:. These attributed arms were sometimes used in practice as
1184:
924:
922:
550:
Example of arms attributed to Jesus from the 15th-century
304:
235:
a white banner with a gold dragon which later becomes the
897:
895:
1208:
1136:
1005:
990:
880:
868:
1277:
1275:
1220:
1114:
1112:
1029:
1017:
956:
954:
919:
147:. Each of the Nine Worthies were given a coat of arms.
966:
892:
858:
856:
151:, for instance, was assigned a gold harp as a device.
72:. Medieval literature attributed coats of arms to the
1311:
1299:
1244:
1232:
1053:
170:
based on the later arms of his family's descendants.
1287:
1272:
1196:
1160:
1148:
1124:
1109:
1097:
1041:
951:
362:
The Arthurian legends contain numerous instances of
907:
853:
1395:
1343:
945:
3264:
685:was associated with images from the prophecy of
510:Even the kings of Rome were assigned arms, with
161:Some attributed arms were incorporated into the
830:portrays him carrying a red shield with a gold
635:. The heraldry continues with the 15th century
16:Coats of arms given to a person retrospectively
1604:Heraldry: An Introduction to a Noble Tradition
1524:
1422:The Lives of the Kings & Queens of England
1190:
717:on a blue field, labeled 'Sent Myhell armys' (
1696:
826:, to identify him in the heat of battle. The
472:Arms were attributed to the kingdoms of the
323:gules signifying the strength of three men.
277:assigned Arthur a dragon on his helmet and
1703:
1689:
1598:
1576:
1011:
984:
886:
874:
699:College of Our Lady of Eton beside Windsor
1656:and ecclesiastical heraldic stained glass
1570:Armorial des chevaliers de la Table ronde
1545:
1262:
1214:
1178:
1142:
999:
972:
928:
901:
1457:"A Sidelight on the 'Tristan' of Thomas"
735:
708:
545:
436:of France supposedly derive from these.
419:
408:
303:
191:
118:
20:
432:, who was given three toads. The three
3265:
1624:
1548:Heraldry: Sources, Symbols and Meaning
1489:
1454:
1448:Modern Language Association of America
1438:
1416:
1390:
1371:
1317:
1305:
1293:
1281:
1266:
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1226:
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1087:
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1071:
1059:
1047:
1035:
1023:
960:
913:
862:
1684:
704:
187:
536:
499:applied for a formal grant from the
177:(1243â1254) is the first pope whose
822:, as the commanding general of the
13:
1335:"Armorial bearings of Middlesex".
112:. During the generation following
100:in the arms of their descendants.
14:
3289:
1676:King Arthur â Attributed Heraldry
1635:
1490:Loomis, Roger S. (January 1922).
559:Heralds could have attributed to
541:
3238:
2904:
2872:
1641:
1492:"Tristan and the house of Anjou"
1444:Arthurian Legend in Medieval Art
639:helmet, which is covered by the
424:Arms of Middlesex County Council
392:Lancelot, the Knight of the Cart
1376:(2nd ed.). Boydell Press.
818:Heraldry is also attributed to
624:â1455) shows Christ holding an
1654:St. Benedict's attributed arms
1584:(3 Ă©dition ed.). Picard.
1455:Loomis, Roger S. (July 1915).
777:) shows a knight battling the
469:out of devotion to the saint.
207:from a 15th-century manuscript
25:Example of arms attributed to
1:
946:Boutell & Fox-Davies 2003
841:
800:, "the word was made flesh";
790:
771:
726:
660:
618:
580:
525:as arms, which are therefore
518:, signified by the she-wolf.
357:
254:kings, with the seal of King
2995:(metal in the United States)
1710:
1629:. Vol. 14. p. 415.
1546:Neubecker, Ottfried (1976).
846:
834:, and three frogs (based on
7:
1610:" series. Harry N. Abrams.
808:Saint Michael the Archangel
719:Saint Michael the Archangel
285:on Arthur's father's name,
131:During the same centuries,
10:
3294:
1666:King Arthur's Coat of Arms
1526:"Morocco Historical Flags"
1372:Brault, Gerald J. (1997).
1349:Fox-Davies, Arthur Charles
1327:
747:
577:instruments of the Passion
266:), and with the grants of
219:is often accompanied by a
103:
66:instruments of the Passion
55:knights of the Round Table
37:instruments of the Passion
3225:
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3002:
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2323:
2260:
2199:
2054:
2021:
1944:
1828:
1773:
1718:
1357:. Kessinger. p. 18.
258:, with the relics of the
217:knight of the Round Table
1402:. Barrie & Jenkins.
1398:The Heraldic Imagination
651:. The banner's long red
497:Middlesex County Council
404:
345:Gottfried von Strassburg
127:, tapestry, c. 1385
3233:List of oldest heraldry
448:coat of arms of England
413:The attributed arms of
1497:Modern Language Review
1462:Modern Language Review
798:verbum caro factum est
745:
733:
571:had brought increased
556:
425:
417:
312:
208:
128:
39:
29:from the 15th-century
1625:Turner, Jane (1996).
760:Shield of the Trinity
750:Shield of the Trinity
739:
715:Shield of the Trinity
712:
678:with a bag of money.
549:
495:until 1910, when the
467:Richard II of England
444:Richard the Lionheart
440:William the Conqueror
423:
412:
307:
264:University of Cologne
199:(arms with three red
195:
179:personal coat of arms
123:Arthur as one of the
122:
70:shield of the Trinity
45:are Western European
24:
1650:at Wikimedia Commons
687:Simeon the Righteous
628:shield charged with
463:Henry III of England
459:Edward the Confessor
415:Edward the Confessor
380:Geoffrey of Monmouth
281:, which is possibly
275:Geoffrey of Monmouth
94:William I of England
90:Edward the Confessor
3245:Heraldry portal
2672:Hastings/Hungerford
1959:Crowns and coronets
1931:National traditions
1582:Traité d'Héraldique
1339:. November 7, 1910.
1181:, pp. 224â225.
987:, pp. 283â284.
268:Edward I of England
237:Red Dragon of Wales
137:Jacques de Longuyon
78:Alexander the Great
2629:Waterlily/Seeblatt
1853:Ancient and modern
1660:Arthurian Heraldry
1608:Abrams Discoveries
1531:Flags of the World
1191:Flags of the World
746:
742:Book of Revelation
734:
705:Trinity and angels
557:
430:King of the Franks
426:
418:
387:Chrétien de Troyes
313:
309:Tristan and Iseult
229:Historia Brittonum
209:
188:Arthurian heraldry
129:
114:Chrétien de Troyes
40:
3260:
3259:
3101:
3100:
3039:(color in Canada)
2725:
2724:
1646:Media related to
1627:Dictionary of Art
1600:Pastoreau, Michel
1578:Pastoreau, Michel
1566:Pastoreau, Michel
1229:, pp. 97â98.
1038:, pp. 22â24.
1026:, pp. 44â46.
779:seven deadly sins
537:Religious figures
333:Thomas of Britain
223:description of a
213:Arthurian legends
110:Arthurian legends
3285:
3278:Arthurian legend
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2739:Rule of tincture
2456:Griffin/Keythong
2052:
2051:
1743:Officers of arms
1705:
1698:
1691:
1682:
1681:
1662:at Heraldica.org
1645:
1630:
1621:
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1573:
1561:
1542:
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1521:
1486:
1451:
1440:Loomis, Roger S.
1435:
1413:
1401:
1387:
1368:
1354:English Heraldry
1345:Boutell, Charles
1340:
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836:Revelation 16:13
828:Douce Apocalypse
795:
792:
776:
773:
764:William Peraldus
731:
728:
713:Device from the
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662:
623:
620:
585:
582:
481:Kingdom of Essex
299:A Cornish Armory
175:Pope Innocent IV
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2687:Hungerford knot
2657:Cavendish/Savoy
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2570:
2385:
2319:
2256:
2195:
2050:
2017:
1940:
1824:
1769:
1714:
1709:
1648:Attributed arms
1638:
1633:
1618:
1592:
1572:. Leopard d'Or.
1564:
1558:
1550:. McGraw-Hill.
1537:
1535:
1510:10.2307/3714327
1475:10.2307/3712621
1432:
1418:Fraser, Antonia
1410:
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1365:
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1330:
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1273:
1265:, p. 222;
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985:Pastoreau 1997a
983:
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887:Pastoreau 1997a
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873:
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854:
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844:
811:transferred to
793:
787:Chronica Majora
774:
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663:
630:Veronica's Veil
621:
600:crown of thorns
583:
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531:flag of Morocco
501:College of Arms
407:
360:
287:Uther Pendragon
256:Magnus Eriksson
190:
106:
43:Attributed arms
35:, based on the
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1636:External links
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1487:
1469:(3): 304â309.
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1392:Dennys, Rodney
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1326:
1323:
1322:
1320:, p. 112.
1310:
1308:, p. 109.
1298:
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1271:
1263:Neubecker 1976
1255:
1253:, p. 103.
1243:
1241:, p. 102.
1231:
1219:
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1215:Neubecker 1976
1207:
1195:
1183:
1179:Neubecker 1976
1171:
1159:
1147:
1145:, p. 225.
1143:Neubecker 1976
1135:
1123:
1108:
1096:
1090:, p. 22;
1080:
1074:, p. 26;
1064:
1062:, p. 308.
1052:
1040:
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1016:
1004:
1002:, p. 224.
1000:Neubecker 1976
989:
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973:Neubecker 1976
965:
963:, p. 415.
950:
933:
931:, p. 172.
929:Neubecker 1976
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906:
902:Neubecker 1976
891:
889:, p. 259.
879:
877:, p. 258.
867:
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768:Summa Vitiorum
748:Main article:
706:
703:
676:Judas Iscariot
615:Hyghalmen Roll
553:Hyghalmen Roll
543:
542:Jesus and Mary
540:
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535:
406:
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349:argent a bend
329:Chertsey Abbey
260:Three Wise Men
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32:Hyghalmen Roll
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1557:0-07-046308-5
1553:
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1534:. 9 July 2007
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1364:0-7661-4917-X
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1296:, p. 94.
1295:
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1283:
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1268:
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1204:
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1168:
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1157:, p. 47.
1156:
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1133:, p. 30.
1132:
1127:
1121:, p. 29.
1120:
1115:
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1106:, p. 59.
1105:
1100:
1094:, p. 49.
1093:
1089:
1084:
1078:, p. 47.
1077:
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1050:, p. 47.
1049:
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1014:, p. 87.
1013:
1008:
1001:
996:
994:
986:
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975:, p. 94.
974:
969:
962:
957:
955:
948:, p. 18.
947:
942:
940:
938:
930:
925:
923:
916:, p. 37.
915:
910:
904:, p. 30.
903:
898:
896:
888:
883:
876:
871:
865:, p. 26.
864:
859:
857:
852:
839:
837:
833:
829:
825:
824:fallen angels
821:
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814:
809:
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783:Matthew Paris
780:
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643:as a form of
642:
641:seamless robe
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589:
586:includes the
578:
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372:green knights
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145:Nine Worthies
142:
141:Voeux de Paon
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133:rolls of arms
126:
125:Nine Worthies
121:
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91:
87:
83:
82:Julius Caesar
79:
75:
74:Nine Worthies
71:
67:
64:based on the
63:
58:
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52:
48:
47:coats of arms
44:
38:
34:
33:
28:
23:
19:
3207:Phaleristics
3140:Roll of arms
3106:Applications
3018:Bleu celeste
3004:Rare colours
2697:Ormonde/Wake
2582:Fleur-de-lis
2144:Inescutcheon
2109:Crozier head
1954:Coat of arms
1841:Augmentation
1819:
1748:King of Arms
1626:
1603:
1581:
1569:
1547:
1536:. Retrieved
1529:
1504:(1): 24â30.
1501:
1495:
1466:
1460:
1443:
1421:
1397:
1374:Early Blazon
1373:
1353:
1336:
1313:
1301:
1289:
1258:
1246:
1234:
1222:
1210:
1198:
1186:
1174:
1162:
1150:
1138:
1126:
1099:
1083:
1067:
1055:
1043:
1031:
1019:
1007:
980:
968:
909:
882:
870:
817:
813:Saint George
806:
797:
786:
767:
753:
723:Randle Holme
691:Luke 2:34â35
680:
657:Randle Holme
652:
614:
612:
558:
551:
527:canting arms
520:
516:King of Rome
514:, the first
509:
504:
471:
453:The earlier
452:
438:
427:
396:
390:
384:
361:
348:
314:
298:
283:canting arms
272:
241:
225:coat of arms
210:
183:
172:
160:
153:
140:
130:
107:
76:, including
59:
42:
41:
30:
18:
3212:Vexillology
2973:Rare metals
2953:(blood red)
2551:Winged lion
2531:Sea-griffin
2466:Hippocampus
2399:Allocamelus
2041:Fimbriation
1969:Compartment
1946:Achievement
1914:Marshalling
1880:distinction
1738:Law of arms
1723:Authorities
1318:Dennys 1975
1306:Dennys 1975
1294:Dennys 1975
1282:Dennys 1975
1267:Dennys 1975
1251:Dennys 1975
1239:Dennys 1975
1227:Dennys 1975
1203:Dennys 1975
1167:Fraser 2000
1155:Loomis 1938
1131:Brault 1997
1119:Brault 1997
1104:Loomis 1938
1092:Loomis 1938
1088:Loomis 1922
1076:Loomis 1938
1072:Loomis 1922
1060:Loomis 1915
1048:Brault 1997
1036:Brault 1997
1024:Brault 1997
961:Turner 1996
914:Loomis 1938
863:Loomis 1922
794: 1250
775: 1260
730: 1460
672:five Wounds
664: 1464
622: 1447
584: 1240
569:indulgences
474:Anglo-Saxon
455:Saxon Kings
364:red knights
291:Virgin Mary
243:King Arthur
231:assign the
168:Pope Leo IX
163:quarterings
98:quarterings
86:King Arthur
3267:Categories
3157:equestrian
2941:(mulberry)
2667:Harrington
2597:Quatrefoil
2526:Salamander
2471:Hippogriff
2429:Cockatrice
2409:Amphiptere
2381:Wolfsangel
2361:Portcullis
2273:Black swan
2227:Camelopard
2056:Ordinaries
1974:Escutcheon
1924:impalement
1919:quartering
1902:variations
1820:Attributed
1758:pursuivant
1538:2008-02-03
1424:. Queens.
842:References
573:veneration
358:Plain arms
156:armigerous
149:King David
139:wrote the
68:, and the
3250:resources
3195:socialist
3118:Hatchment
3113:Bookplate
3093:Carnation
3080:Realistic
2893:Erminites
2731:Tinctures
2682:Hinckaert
2647:Bourchier
2501:Ouroboros
2486:Manticore
2391:Legendary
2366:Reremouse
2303:Przepaska
2232:Hind/stag
2222:Dog/hound
2031:Attitudes
2008:Supporter
1936:Societies
1897:divisions
1846:abatement
1602:(1997b).
1580:(1997a).
1337:The Times
847:Citations
802:John 1:14
725:'s Book (
670:with the
668:quartered
659:'s Book (
653:schwenkel
565:Crusaders
505:The Times
493:Middlesex
477:heptarchy
337:Richard I
233:Pendragon
3273:Heraldry
3202:Logotype
3145:Illyrian
3027:BrunĂątre
2951:Sanguine
2888:Erminois
2856:(purple)
2749:Hatching
2744:Tricking
2707:Stafford
2607:Shamrock
2556:Woodwose
2536:Sea-lion
2506:Pantheon
2481:Lindworm
2424:Chollima
2419:Biscione
2414:Basilisk
2336:Crapaudy
2237:Kangaroo
2099:Componée
2093:ĆÄkawica
1989:pavilion
1984:Mantling
1863:courtesy
1858:Alliance
1786:dominion
1781:National
1712:Heraldry
1568:(1983).
1442:(1938).
1420:(2000).
1394:(1975).
1351:(2003).
645:mantling
637:jousting
575:for the
485:counties
376:tincture
341:Henry II
317:Lancelot
279:standard
221:heraldic
197:Lancelot
51:heraldry
3178:Related
3046:Cendrée
3029:(brown)
2883:Ermines
2854:Purpure
2844:(green)
2820:(black)
2793:Colours
2773:(white)
2677:Heneage
2619:Thistle
2612:Trefoil
2546:Unicorn
2521:Phoenix
2516:Pegasus
2511:Panther
2496:Musimon
2491:Mermaid
2476:Lampago
2446:Enfield
2439:Chinese
2376:Serpent
2371:Scallop
2341:Dolphin
2315:Pelican
2310:Martlet
2298:Szaszor
2268:Alerion
2242:Leopard
2217:Bull/ox
2191:Saltire
2179:Roundel
2154:Lozenge
2124:Flaunch
2089:Chevron
2079:Bordure
2064:Annulet
2036:Erasure
2023:Charges
1887:Canting
1875:Cadency
1836:Armiger
1810:Burgher
1763:private
1733:History
1518:3714327
1483:3712621
1328:Sources
756:Trinity
512:Romulus
325:Tristan
295:Nennius
215:, each
211:In the
205:Tristan
104:History
3190:Emblem
3164:Tabard
3088:Proper
3067:
3062:Orange
3059:
3051:
3043:
3035:
3033:
3025:
3023:
3015:
3012:
2991:
2989:
2984:Copper
2981:
2960:
2957:
2948:
2945:
2939:Murrey
2936:
2933:
2926:Stains
2915:Potent
2878:Ermine
2851:
2848:
2839:
2836:
2832:(blue)
2827:
2824:
2815:
2812:
2803:
2800:
2785:(gold)
2780:
2777:
2771:Argent
2768:
2765:
2758:Metals
2624:Turnip
2575:Plants
2561:Wyvern
2451:Garuda
2434:Dragon
2404:Alphyn
2200:Beasts
2184:Bezant
2139:Hamade
2129:Goutte
2084:Canton
2001:slogan
1979:Helmet
1870:Blazon
1829:Topics
1753:herald
1614:
1588:
1554:
1516:
1481:
1428:
1406:
1380:
1361:
633:proper
604:sponge
479:. The
398:CligĂšs
252:Norman
203:) and
84:, and
3135:Badge
3054:Ochre
2963:Tenné
2830:Azure
2818:Sable
2808:(red)
2806:Gules
2702:Savoy
2662:Dacre
2652:Bowen
2639:Knots
2541:Tyger
2461:Harpy
2346:Emmet
2324:Other
2293:Eagle
2261:Birds
2149:Label
2134:Gyron
2114:Chief
2104:Cross
2046:Lines
2013:Torse
1996:Motto
1964:Crest
1909:Fraud
1892:Field
1815:Women
1803:papal
1791:civic
1774:Types
1514:JSTOR
1479:JSTOR
820:Satan
744:16:13
721:) in
649:crest
626:azure
608:whips
596:lance
592:nails
588:Cross
561:Jesus
523:rooks
489:Essex
405:Kings
351:gules
321:bends
247:azure
201:bends
62:Jesus
27:Jesus
3152:Seal
3123:Flag
3070:Rose
3037:Buff
2993:Buff
2910:Vair
2898:Pean
2865:Furs
2842:Vert
2717:Wake
2692:Lacy
2602:Rose
2566:Yale
2356:Lucy
2288:Dove
2283:Crow
2278:Cock
2252:Wolf
2247:Lion
2212:Boar
2207:Bear
2174:Pile
2169:Pall
2164:Pale
2159:Orle
2119:Fess
2074:Bend
1612:ISBN
1586:ISBN
1552:ISBN
1426:ISBN
1404:ISBN
1378:ISBN
1359:ISBN
832:fess
695:lily
683:Mary
606:and
491:and
250:pre-
92:and
3185:Mon
2592:Oak
2351:Ged
2331:Bee
2069:Bar
1606:. "
1506:doi
1471:doi
838:).
804:).
487:of
370:or
354:).
339:or
3269::
2783:Or
1528:.
1512:.
1502:17
1500:.
1494:.
1477:.
1467:10
1465:.
1459:.
1446:.
1347:;
1274:^
1111:^
992:^
953:^
936:^
921:^
894:^
855:^
815:.
791:c.
785:'
772:c.
766:'
727:c.
701:.
661:c.
619:c.
610:.
602:,
598:,
594:,
590:,
581:c.
533:.
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366:,
331:.
301:.
239:.
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2091:(
1704:e
1697:t
1690:v
1620:.
1594:.
1560:.
1541:.
1520:.
1508::
1485:.
1473::
1450:.
1434:.
1412:.
1386:.
1367:.
1193:.
789:(
770:(
732:)
689:(
617:(
503:(
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