177:
20:
158:
131:
536:
143:
111:
35:, is the earliest known representation of the Nine Worthies. From left to right are the three Christians: Charlemagne bearing an eagle upon his shield, King Arthur displaying three crowns, and Godfrey of Bouillon with a dog lying before him; then the three pagans: Julius Caesar, Hector, and Alexander the Great bearing a griffon upon his shield; and finally the three Jews: David holding a sceptre, Joshua, and Judah Maccabee.
1099:
996:
702:, who tried to save Rome from defeat by her son, the other pagan two were examples of chastity, responsible for no heroic acts except their defence of their own virtue. In contrast, two of the Jewish women, Judith and Jael, are known for their personal assassination of leaders opposed to Israel. Judith carries a sword in one hand and
468:
evokes the Nine
Worthies in Volume I, Chapter 5, telling a peasant (who is trying to get him to admit who he is) "I know that I may be not only those I have named, but all the Twelve Peers of France and even all the Nine Worthies, since my achievements surpass all that they have done all together and
532:. In later years, nine of the "Most Illustrious Ladies of All Ages and Nations" were chosen from scripture, history and legend to be placed alongside their male counterparts, though the choices for the Lady Worthies were not usually standardized and often varied by region, author and artist.
733:, and Helena was a Roman Empress. Unlike the other two groups, who all face each other, apparently in conversation, these three all look down, and may illustrate the female virtue of silence. Burgkmair's conception was not very widely followed.
216:. Longuyon's choices soon became a common theme in the literature and art of the Middle Ages and earned a permanent place in the popular consciousness. The medieval "craving for symmetry" engendered female equivalents, the
477:
The Nine
Worthies had not devolved to folk culture even in the seventeenth century, for a frieze of the Nine Worthies, contemporary with Shakespeare's comedy, was painted at the outset of the seventeenth century at
754:
Explaining the
Honourable Excise of Armes, the Vertues of the Valiant, and the Memorable Attempts of Magnanimous Minds; Pleasaunt for Gentlemen, not unseemly for Magistrates, and most profitable for Prentises
997:"King Arthur: Tapestry Fragment from the Series, Five Worthies and Attendant Figures (with 32.130.3a, b) | All | The Cloisters | Collection Database | Works of Art | The Metrop..."
488:, in New York City, has important portions of an early 15th-century tapestry series illustrating the surviving five of the Nine Worthies: King Arthur, Joshua, David, Hector, and Julius Caesar.
436:
the comic characters attempt to stage such a masque, but it descends into chaos. The list of
Worthies actually named in the play include two not on the original list,
59:
or "Nine
Valiants", giving a more specific idea of the moral virtues they exemplified: those of soldierly courage and generalship. In Italy they are known as
122:(1385–1396). Visible on the fountain, from left to right are: Judah Maccabee, David (with harp), Julius Caesar, Alexander. The figure in the left foreground,
1159:
1149:
636:
and others, now incomplete and widely dispersed, showed male and female worthies - the remaining paintings were reunited in a 2007 exhibition at the
444:. Alexander, Judah Maccabee, and Hector also appear on stage before the show collapses into complete disorder. The worthies are also mentioned in
1169:
1144:
528:
In the late fourteenth century, Lady
Worthies began to accompany the Nine Worthies, though usually not individualized and shown as anonymous
279:
of exemplary individuals, as the three "better Jews", "best pagans" and "best
Christians" alongside the arms attributed to three heroes of
204:. Neatly divided into a triad of triads, these men were considered to be paragons of chivalry within their particular traditions, whether
176:
1154:
795:
138:(fl 1), a Portuguese armorial from 1509. The book opens with ten full-page illustrations of the Nine Worthies and Bertrand du Guesclin.
787:
1124:
815:
324:
19:
1179:
1034:
725:
The
Christian trio of saints, all very popular in Germany at the time, are all women who had been married - Bridget became an
1139:
791:
811:
807:
803:
462:
that she says he is "as valorous as Hector of Troy, worth five of
Agamemnon, and ten times better than the Nine Worthies".
971:
819:
764:
799:
1023:
1082:
1062:
959:
752:
is a book by
Richard Johnson, written in 1592, which borrows the theme from the Nine Worthies. The book is subtitled
729:
as a widow. In addition, like three of the male worthies, Elizabeth of Hungary was an ancestor of Burgkmair's patron
730:
264:
still occasionally paraded himself at court dressed in the "antique mode" to identify himself also as one of the
51:, whose lives were deemed a valuable study for aspirants to chivalric status. All were commonly referred to as '
1129:
1103:
836:
516:
has sculptures of the Nine Worthies spaced along the upper eastern façade on the exterior of the long gallery
880:
655:, each showing three of the "Eighteen Worthies". In addition to the usual males, his prints showed the Pagan
633:
756:, celebrated the rise of nine famous Londoners through society from the ranks of apprentices or commoners.
201:
831:
706:'s severed head in the other, and Jael carries the mallet with which she hammered a peg in the head of
432:
1164:
1042:
699:
257:
1184:
680:
637:
157:
1134:
768:
744:
779:, Sir John Bonham, Christopher Croker, Sir Henry Maleverer of Cornhill, and Sir Hugh Calverley.
535:
783:
320:
292:
43:
are nine historical, scriptural, and legendary men of distinction who personify the ideals of
584:
304:
224:
selected "a group of rather bizarre heroines" selected from fiction and history, among them
149:'s depiction of the three Old Testament kings as exotic contemporaries, in an engraving of
695:
688:
507:
300:
249:
923:
181:
8:
583:
was however less fixed, and not always structured in pagan, Jewish and Christian triads.
570:
517:
427:
402:
353:
261:
241:
189:
130:
123:
99:
71:
1011:, Bibliothèque nationale, Paris, mss. Fr. 12559, fol. 125v; manuscript dated to 1403-04
719:
644:
593:
546:
312:
221:
910:
311:), "three anointed kings" (France, Denmark and Hungary) and "three noble dynasties" (
253:
115:
1078:
1058:
782:
The term "Nine Worthies" was later used to refer to nine of the privy councillors of
684:
316:
28:
510:, Saluzzo, Italy. The series also includes depictions of their female counterparts.
1031:
772:
760:
715:
499:
446:
441:
308:
146:
32:
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1038:
1027:
513:
276:
87:
48:
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841:
711:
648:
459:
451:
380:
288:
197:
169:
1118:
776:
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circles, who may have helped choose the group. Apart from Veturia, mother of
485:
358:
328:
272:
240:
featured the full complement of eighteen, whose allegorical figures preceded
75:
1077:; Nos. 1, & for Jael: 91, 92 National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1990;
1020:
575:
213:
248:
to Paris, 1431. A "tenth worthy" was added by Deschamps, in the figure of
714:" and female violence was an interest of German artists at the time, and
621:
558:
539:
479:
465:
423:
397:
392:
245:
225:
95:
91:
703:
284:
280:
142:
960:
Chapter V – In which the narrative of our knight's mishap is continued
275:
presents the coat of arms of the Nine Worthies among a larger list of
605:
601:
597:
566:
252:, the Breton knight to whom France owed recovery from the battles of
233:
119:
110:
55:', regardless of their historical titles. In French they are called
692:
664:
656:
609:
455:
437:
237:
205:
44:
660:
652:
613:
589:
562:
529:
229:
209:
168:, Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, from the woodcut series by
972:"North Mymms Park – A short history. Chapter 3 – Wall Paintings"
924:"Love's Labor's Lost - Entire Play | Folger Shakespeare Library"
1098:
726:
707:
672:
668:
419:
370:
348:
165:
79:
67:
52:
188:
They were first described in the early fourteenth century, by
629:
617:
375:
83:
220:, who were sometimes added, though the women chosen varied.
676:
482:, an up-to-date house built by the Coningsby family, 1599.
296:
287:, the "three mildest princes", the "three worst tyrants" (
339:
The Nine Worthies comprise a triad of triads as follows:
1057:, pp. 36-39, National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1990,
23:
The 14th-century carving "Nine Good Heroes" (known as "
569:. Together with their male counterparts, they precede
632:
fifteenth century panel paintings, attributed to the
153: 1520 depicting the Worthies in three sections
418:The Nine Worthies were also a popular subject for
200:pointed out, betrays a close connection with the
1116:
1075:Eva/Ave; Women in Renaissance and Baroque Prints
1055:Eva/Ave; Women in Renaissance and Baroque Prints
1110:"The Nine Worthies" presented by Heraldica.org.
1073:(covers all Burgmair section)H Diane Russell;
520:. These figures are dressed in Roman armour.
861:Larousse Dictionnaire de la Langue Francaise
283:(glossed as "the first coats of arms"), the
722:and others made prints of Jael in the act.
1160:Cultural depictions of Godfrey of Bouillon
1150:Cultural depictions of Alexander the Great
736:
573:as he enters Paris in 1431, and figure in
126:, with his lion, is part of another group
534:
175:
156:
141:
129:
109:
66:The Nine Worthies include three pagans (
18:
1117:
896:
894:
892:
890:
408:
16:Medieval personifications of chivalry
1170:Cultural depictions of the Maccabees
1145:Cultural depictions of Julius Caesar
523:
325:Otto III, Duke of Brunswick-LĂĽneburg
114:Statues of the Nine Worthies on the
887:
13:
1155:Cultural depictions of Charlemagne
469:each of them on his own account".
14:
1196:
1091:
334:
1097:
731:Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
496:Maestro del Castello della Manta
480:North Mymms Place, Hertfordshire
315:, called "Louis the Prudent" as
1067:
1047:
1014:
1002:
1125:Heroes in mythology and legend
989:
964:
953:
940:
916:
903:
869:
854:
837:Seven Champions of Christendom
691:. Burgkmair was in touch with
1:
1180:Cultural depictions of Joshua
881:The Waning of the Middle Ages
847:
634:Master of the Griselda Legend
413:
386:
27:" in the original German) at
1140:Cultural depictions of David
909:Compare the concept of the "
196:(1312). Their selection, as
7:
825:
679:, and the Christian Saints
542:as one of the Lady Worthies
236:. Literature and suites of
10:
1203:
832:Iconography of Charlemagne
742:
299:), "three patient ones" (
502:, painted c. 1420 in the
342:
202:romance genre of chivalry
105:
90:), and three Christians (
242:King Henry VI of England
118:(beautiful fountain) in
1043:Alexander in Birmingham
1032:David in NGA Washington
750:Nine Worthies of London
745:Nine Worthies of London
738:Nine Worthies of London
553:(women) to the list of
458:'s bravery in fighting
364:
1053:H Diane Russell (ed),
946:Shakespeare, William,
543:
530:Amazon-styled warriors
472:
321:Ladislaus I of Hungary
185:
173:
154:
139:
127:
36:
1130:Christian iconography
743:Further information:
585:Thomas III of Saluzzo
538:
179:
162:The Three Good Pagans
160:
145:
133:
113:
22:
1106:at Wikimedia Commons
696:Renaissance Humanist
689:Elizabeth of Hungary
579:(1466). The list of
508:Castello della Manta
433:Love's Labour's Lost
250:Bertrand du Guesclin
136:Livro do Armeiro-Mor
1009:le chevalier errant
628:A very fine set of
454:is so impressed by
428:William Shakespeare
409:Cultural references
403:Godfrey of Bouillon
354:Alexander the Great
293:Antiochos Epiphanes
262:Francis I of France
190:Jacques de Longuyon
100:Godfrey of Bouillon
72:Alexander the Great
1037:2008-09-25 at the
1026:2016-01-26 at the
1021:Artemesia in Milan
759:The nine were Sir
720:Albrecht Altdorfer
651:made a set of six
645:German Renaissance
547:Eustache Deschamps
544:
494:, a fresco by the
313:Louis XI of France
222:Eustache Deschamps
186:
174:
155:
140:
128:
37:
1102:Media related to
950:, Act 2, Scene 4.
900:Huizinga 1924:61.
884:, (1919) 1924:61.
685:Bridget of Sweden
524:Nine Worthy Women
301:Alphonse the Wise
244:in his triumphal
182:Alcalá de Henares
1192:
1165:Arthurian legend
1101:
1085:
1071:
1065:
1051:
1045:
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1006:
1000:
999:
993:
987:
986:
984:
983:
974:. Archived from
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948:Henry IV, Part 2
944:
938:
937:
935:
934:
920:
914:
907:
901:
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867:
858:
773:William Sevenoke
761:William Walworth
716:Lucas van Leyden
638:National Gallery
500:anonymous master
447:Henry IV, Part 2
442:Pompey the Great
309:Saint Eustachius
147:Lucas van Leyden
33:Cologne, Germany
25:Neun Gute Helden
1202:
1201:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1191:
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1189:
1185:Judas Maccabeus
1115:
1114:
1094:
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1048:
1039:Wayback Machine
1028:Wayback Machine
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765:Henry Pritchard
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741:
526:
514:Montacute House
475:
416:
411:
389:
367:
345:
337:
277:attributed arms
258:Poitiers (1356)
180:Nine Worthies (
108:
88:Judas Maccabeus
78:), three Jews (
49:the Middle Ages
47:established in
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1135:Cultural lists
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1093:
1092:External links
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963:
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939:
928:www.folger.edu
915:
902:
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876:Johan Huizinga
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846:
845:
844:
842:Virtuous pagan
839:
834:
827:
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800:Edward Russell
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735:
712:Power of Women
649:Hans Burgkmair
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522:
474:
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460:Ancient Pistol
452:Doll Tearsheet
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381:Judah Maccabee
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335:Classification
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289:Nebuchadnezzar
198:Johan Huizinga
170:Hans Burgkmair
116:Schöne Brunnen
107:
104:
57:Les Neuf Preux
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1104:Nine Worthies
1100:
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1083:1-55861-039-1
1080:
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1063:1-558-61039-1
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978:on 2011-05-14
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863:Lexis, 1993:
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777:John Hawkwood
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667:, the Jewish
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531:
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504:sala baronale
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486:The Cloisters
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329:House of Welf
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273:Ingeram Codex
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76:Julius Caesar
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50:
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42:
41:Nine Worthies
34:
30:
26:
21:
1074:
1069:
1054:
1049:
1016:
1008:
1004:
991:
980:. Retrieved
976:the original
966:
955:
947:
942:
931:. Retrieved
927:
918:
905:
879:
871:
864:
860:
856:
781:
769:Thomas White
758:
753:
749:
748:
737:
724:
642:
627:
588:
580:
576:Le Jouvencel
574:
557:, including
554:
551:neuf preuses
550:
545:
527:
512:
503:
495:
492:I Nove Prodi
491:
490:
484:
476:
464:
445:
431:
417:
338:
270:
265:
254:Crécy (1346)
218:neuf preuses
217:
193:
187:
161:
150:
135:
65:
61:i Nove Prodi
60:
56:
40:
38:
24:
816:Marlborough
784:William III
622:Penthésilée
559:Penthesilea
540:Penthesilea
466:Don Quixote
426:Europe. In
424:Renaissance
398:Charlemagne
393:King Arthur
246:royal entry
226:Penthesilea
96:Charlemagne
92:King Arthur
1119:Categories
982:2005-09-13
933:2023-06-16
911:Tenth Muse
848:References
812:Nottingham
804:Carmarthen
788:Devonshire
704:Holofernes
700:Coriolanus
640:, London.
555:neuf preux
414:Literature
387:Christians
285:Three Magi
281:King David
266:Neuf Preux
134:David, in
606:Semiramis
602:Menalyppe
598:Hippolyte
590:Deiphille
567:Semiramis
450:in which
271:The 1459
234:Semiramis
214:Christian
120:Nuremberg
29:City Hall
1035:Archived
1024:Archived
826:See also
808:Pembroke
796:Monmouth
693:Augsburg
665:Virginia
657:Lucretia
653:woodcuts
630:Siennese
614:Thamarys
610:Lampetho
571:Henry VI
456:Falstaff
438:Hercules
430:'s play
238:tapestry
184:, 1585).
45:chivalry
820:Lowther
710:. The "
661:Veturia
643:In the
594:Synoppe
581:preuses
563:Tomyris
506:of the
420:masques
327:of the
317:Dauphin
230:Tomyris
192:in his
172:, 1519.
124:St Mark
53:Princes
1175:Nonets
1081:
1061:
818:, and
792:Dorset
775:, Sir
771:, Sir
767:, Sir
763:, Sir
727:abbess
708:Sisera
681:Helena
673:Judith
669:Esther
565:, and
549:added
371:Joshua
349:Hector
343:Pagans
323:, and
210:Jewish
166:Hector
106:Origin
98:, and
86:, and
80:Joshua
74:, and
68:Hector
618:Teuta
587:has:
518:piers
498:, an
376:David
212:, or
206:Pagan
84:David
1079:ISBN
1059:ISBN
687:and
677:Yael
675:and
663:and
440:and
365:Jews
307:and
297:Nero
295:and
256:and
39:The
596:,
473:Art
422:in
331:).
305:Job
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268:.
260:.
232:,
228:,
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94:,
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985:.
936:.
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