188:
31:
169:
142:
547:
154:
122:
46:, is the earliest known representation of the Nine Worthies. From left to right are the three Christians: Charlemagne bearing an eagle upon his shield, King Arthur displaying three crowns, and Godfrey of Bouillon with a dog lying before him; then the three pagans: Julius Caesar, Hector, and Alexander the Great bearing a griffon upon his shield; and finally the three Jews: David holding a sceptre, Joshua, and Judah Maccabee.
1110:
1007:
713:, who tried to save Rome from defeat by her son, the other pagan two were examples of chastity, responsible for no heroic acts except their defence of their own virtue. In contrast, two of the Jewish women, Judith and Jael, are known for their personal assassination of leaders opposed to Israel. Judith carries a sword in one hand and
479:
evokes the Nine
Worthies in Volume I, Chapter 5, telling a peasant (who is trying to get him to admit who he is) "I know that I may be not only those I have named, but all the Twelve Peers of France and even all the Nine Worthies, since my achievements surpass all that they have done all together and
543:. In later years, nine of the "Most Illustrious Ladies of All Ages and Nations" were chosen from scripture, history and legend to be placed alongside their male counterparts, though the choices for the Lady Worthies were not usually standardized and often varied by region, author and artist.
744:, and Helena was a Roman Empress. Unlike the other two groups, who all face each other, apparently in conversation, these three all look down, and may illustrate the female virtue of silence. Burgkmair's conception was not very widely followed.
227:. Longuyon's choices soon became a common theme in the literature and art of the Middle Ages and earned a permanent place in the popular consciousness. The medieval "craving for symmetry" engendered female equivalents, the
488:
The Nine
Worthies had not devolved to folk culture even in the seventeenth century, for a frieze of the Nine Worthies, contemporary with Shakespeare's comedy, was painted at the outset of the seventeenth century at
765:
Explaining the
Honourable Excise of Armes, the Vertues of the Valiant, and the Memorable Attempts of Magnanimous Minds; Pleasaunt for Gentlemen, not unseemly for Magistrates, and most profitable for Prentises
1008:"King Arthur: Tapestry Fragment from the Series, Five Worthies and Attendant Figures (with 32.130.3a, b) | All | The Cloisters | Collection Database | Works of Art | The Metrop..."
499:, in New York City, has important portions of an early 15th-century tapestry series illustrating the surviving five of the Nine Worthies: King Arthur, Joshua, David, Hector, and Julius Caesar.
447:
the comic characters attempt to stage such a masque, but it descends into chaos. The list of
Worthies actually named in the play include two not on the original list,
70:
or "Nine
Valiants", giving a more specific idea of the moral virtues they exemplified: those of soldierly courage and generalship. In Italy they are known as
133:(1385–1396). Visible on the fountain, from left to right are: Judah Maccabee, David (with harp), Julius Caesar, Alexander. The figure in the left foreground,
1170:
1160:
647:
and others, now incomplete and widely dispersed, showed male and female worthies - the remaining paintings were reunited in a 2007 exhibition at the
455:. Alexander, Judah Maccabee, and Hector also appear on stage before the show collapses into complete disorder. The worthies are also mentioned in
1180:
1155:
539:
In the late fourteenth century, Lady
Worthies began to accompany the Nine Worthies, though usually not individualized and shown as anonymous
290:
of exemplary individuals, as the three "better Jews", "best pagans" and "best
Christians" alongside the arms attributed to three heroes of
215:. Neatly divided into a triad of triads, these men were considered to be paragons of chivalry within their particular traditions, whether
187:
1165:
806:
149:(fl 1), a Portuguese armorial from 1509. The book opens with ten full-page illustrations of the Nine Worthies and Bertrand du Guesclin.
798:
1135:
826:
335:
30:
1190:
1045:
736:
The
Christian trio of saints, all very popular in Germany at the time, are all women who had been married - Bridget became an
1150:
802:
822:
818:
814:
473:
that she says he is "as valorous as Hector of Troy, worth five of
Agamemnon, and ten times better than the Nine Worthies".
982:
830:
775:
810:
1034:
1093:
1073:
970:
763:
is a book by
Richard Johnson, written in 1592, which borrows the theme from the Nine Worthies. The book is subtitled
740:
as a widow. In addition, like three of the male worthies, Elizabeth of Hungary was an ancestor of Burgkmair's patron
741:
275:
still occasionally paraded himself at court dressed in the "antique mode" to identify himself also as one of the
62:, whose lives were deemed a valuable study for aspirants to chivalric status. All were commonly referred to as '
1140:
1114:
847:
527:
has sculptures of the Nine Worthies spaced along the upper eastern façade on the exterior of the long gallery
891:
666:, each showing three of the "Eighteen Worthies". In addition to the usual males, his prints showed the Pagan
644:
767:, celebrated the rise of nine famous Londoners through society from the ranks of apprentices or commoners.
212:
842:
717:'s severed head in the other, and Jael carries the mallet with which she hammered a peg in the head of
443:
1175:
1053:
710:
268:
1195:
691:
648:
168:
17:
1145:
779:
755:
790:, Sir John Bonham, Christopher Croker, Sir Henry Maleverer of Cornhill, and Sir Hugh Calverley.
546:
794:
331:
303:
54:
are nine historical, scriptural, and legendary men of distinction who personify the ideals of
595:
315:
235:
selected "a group of rather bizarre heroines" selected from fiction and history, among them
160:'s depiction of the three Old Testament kings as exotic contemporaries, in an engraving of
706:
699:
518:
311:
260:
934:
192:
8:
594:
was however less fixed, and not always structured in pagan, Jewish and Christian triads.
581:
528:
438:
413:
364:
272:
252:
200:
141:
134:
110:
82:
1022:, Bibliothèque nationale, Paris, mss. Fr. 12559, fol. 125v; manuscript dated to 1403-04
730:
655:
604:
557:
323:
232:
921:
322:), "three anointed kings" (France, Denmark and Hungary) and "three noble dynasties" (
264:
126:
1089:
1069:
793:
The term "Nine Worthies" was later used to refer to nine of the privy councillors of
695:
327:
39:
521:, Saluzzo, Italy. The series also includes depictions of their female counterparts.
1042:
783:
771:
726:
510:
457:
452:
319:
157:
43:
1185:
1049:
1038:
524:
287:
98:
59:
1120:
986:
886:
852:
722:
659:
470:
462:
391:
299:
208:
180:
1129:
787:
709:
circles, who may have helped choose the group. Apart from Veturia, mother of
496:
369:
339:
283:
251:
featured the full complement of eighteen, whose allegorical figures preceded
86:
1088:; Nos. 1, & for Jael: 91, 92 National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1990;
1031:
586:
224:
259:
to Paris, 1431. A "tenth worthy" was added by Deschamps, in the figure of
725:" and female violence was an interest of German artists at the time, and
632:
569:
550:
490:
476:
434:
408:
403:
256:
236:
106:
102:
714:
295:
291:
153:
971:
Chapter V – In which the narrative of our knight's mishap is continued
286:
presents the coat of arms of the Nine Worthies among a larger list of
616:
612:
608:
577:
263:, the Breton knight to whom France owed recovery from the battles of
244:
130:
121:
66:', regardless of their historical titles. In French they are called
703:
675:
667:
620:
466:
448:
248:
216:
55:
671:
663:
624:
600:
573:
540:
240:
220:
179:, Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, from the woodcut series by
983:"North Mymms Park – A short history. Chapter 3 – Wall Paintings"
935:"Love's Labor's Lost - Entire Play | Folger Shakespeare Library"
1109:
737:
718:
683:
679:
430:
381:
359:
176:
90:
78:
63:
199:
They were first described in the early fourteenth century, by
640:
628:
386:
94:
231:, who were sometimes added, though the women chosen varied.
687:
493:, an up-to-date house built by the Coningsby family, 1599.
307:
298:, the "three mildest princes", the "three worst tyrants" (
350:
The Nine Worthies comprise a triad of triads as follows:
1068:, pp. 36-39, National Gallery of Art, Washington, 1990,
34:
The 14th-century carving "Nine Good Heroes" (known as "
580:. Together with their male counterparts, they precede
643:
fifteenth century panel paintings, attributed to the
164: 1520 depicting the Worthies in three sections
429:The Nine Worthies were also a popular subject for
211:pointed out, betrays a close connection with the
1127:
1086:Eva/Ave; Women in Renaissance and Baroque Prints
1066:Eva/Ave; Women in Renaissance and Baroque Prints
1121:"The Nine Worthies" presented by Heraldica.org.
1084:(covers all Burgmair section)H Diane Russell;
531:. These figures are dressed in Roman armour.
872:Larousse Dictionnaire de la Langue Francaise
294:(glossed as "the first coats of arms"), the
733:and others made prints of Jael in the act.
1171:Cultural depictions of Godfrey of Bouillon
1161:Cultural depictions of Alexander the Great
747:
584:as he enters Paris in 1431, and figure in
137:, with his lion, is part of another group
545:
186:
167:
152:
140:
120:
77:The Nine Worthies include three pagans (
29:
14:
1128:
907:
905:
903:
901:
419:
27:Medieval personifications of chivalry
1181:Cultural depictions of the Maccabees
1156:Cultural depictions of Julius Caesar
534:
336:Otto III, Duke of Brunswick-LĂĽneburg
125:Statues of the Nine Worthies on the
898:
24:
1166:Cultural depictions of Charlemagne
480:each of them on his own account".
25:
1207:
1102:
345:
1108:
742:Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor
507:Maestro del Castello della Manta
491:North Mymms Place, Hertfordshire
326:, called "Louis the Prudent" as
1078:
1058:
1025:
1013:
1136:Heroes in mythology and legend
1000:
975:
964:
951:
927:
914:
880:
865:
848:Seven Champions of Christendom
702:. Burgkmair was in touch with
13:
1:
1191:Cultural depictions of Joshua
892:The Waning of the Middle Ages
858:
645:Master of the Griselda Legend
424:
397:
38:" in the original German) at
1151:Cultural depictions of David
920:Compare the concept of the "
207:(1312). Their selection, as
7:
836:
690:, and the Christian Saints
553:as one of the Lady Worthies
247:. Literature and suites of
10:
1212:
843:Iconography of Charlemagne
753:
310:), "three patient ones" (
513:, painted c. 1420 in the
353:
213:romance genre of chivalry
116:
101:), and three Christians (
253:King Henry VI of England
129:(beautiful fountain) in
1054:Alexander in Birmingham
1043:David in NGA Washington
761:Nine Worthies of London
756:Nine Worthies of London
749:Nine Worthies of London
564:(women) to the list of
469:'s bravery in fighting
375:
1064:H Diane Russell (ed),
957:Shakespeare, William,
554:
541:Amazon-styled warriors
483:
332:Ladislaus I of Hungary
196:
184:
165:
150:
138:
47:
1141:Christian iconography
754:Further information:
596:Thomas III of Saluzzo
549:
190:
173:The Three Good Pagans
171:
156:
144:
124:
33:
1117:at Wikimedia Commons
707:Renaissance Humanist
700:Elizabeth of Hungary
590:(1466). The list of
519:Castello della Manta
444:Love's Labour's Lost
261:Bertrand du Guesclin
147:Livro do Armeiro-Mor
1020:le chevalier errant
639:A very fine set of
465:is so impressed by
439:William Shakespeare
420:Cultural references
414:Godfrey of Bouillon
365:Alexander the Great
304:Antiochos Epiphanes
273:Francis I of France
201:Jacques de Longuyon
111:Godfrey of Bouillon
83:Alexander the Great
1048:2008-09-25 at the
1037:2016-01-26 at the
1032:Artemesia in Milan
770:The nine were Sir
731:Albrecht Altdorfer
662:made a set of six
656:German Renaissance
558:Eustache Deschamps
555:
505:, a fresco by the
324:Louis XI of France
233:Eustache Deschamps
197:
185:
166:
151:
139:
48:
1113:Media related to
961:, Act 2, Scene 4.
911:Huizinga 1924:61.
895:, (1919) 1924:61.
696:Bridget of Sweden
535:Nine Worthy Women
312:Alphonse the Wise
255:in his triumphal
193:Alcalá de Henares
16:(Redirected from
1203:
1176:Arthurian legend
1112:
1096:
1082:
1076:
1062:
1056:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1010:
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998:
997:
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985:. Archived from
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973:
968:
962:
959:Henry IV, Part 2
955:
949:
948:
946:
945:
931:
925:
918:
912:
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884:
878:
869:
784:William Sevenoke
772:William Walworth
727:Lucas van Leyden
649:National Gallery
511:anonymous master
458:Henry IV, Part 2
453:Pompey the Great
320:Saint Eustachius
158:Lucas van Leyden
44:Cologne, Germany
36:Neun Gute Helden
21:
1211:
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1200:
1196:Judas Maccabeus
1126:
1125:
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1050:Wayback Machine
1039:Wayback Machine
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776:Henry Pritchard
758:
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537:
525:Montacute House
486:
427:
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378:
356:
348:
288:attributed arms
269:Poitiers (1356)
191:Nine Worthies (
119:
99:Judas Maccabeus
89:), three Jews (
60:the Middle Ages
58:established in
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
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5:
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1158:
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1148:
1146:Cultural lists
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1103:External links
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1098:
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1057:
1024:
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999:
974:
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950:
939:www.folger.edu
926:
913:
897:
887:Johan Huizinga
879:
863:
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857:
856:
855:
853:Virtuous pagan
850:
845:
838:
835:
811:Edward Russell
751:
746:
723:Power of Women
660:Hans Burgkmair
536:
533:
485:
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471:Ancient Pistol
463:Doll Tearsheet
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392:Judah Maccabee
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346:Classification
344:
300:Nebuchadnezzar
209:Johan Huizinga
181:Hans Burgkmair
127:Schöne Brunnen
118:
115:
68:Les Neuf Preux
26:
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1119:
1116:
1115:Nine Worthies
1111:
1107:
1106:
1095:
1094:1-55861-039-1
1091:
1087:
1081:
1075:
1074:1-558-61039-1
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989:on 2011-05-14
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874:Lexis, 1993:
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788:John Hawkwood
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678:, the Jewish
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515:sala baronale
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497:The Cloisters
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370:Julius Caesar
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340:House of Welf
337:
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284:Ingeram Codex
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205:Voeux du Paon
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87:Julius Caesar
84:
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57:
53:
52:Nine Worthies
45:
41:
37:
32:
19:
1085:
1080:
1065:
1060:
1027:
1019:
1015:
1002:
991:. Retrieved
987:the original
977:
966:
958:
953:
942:. Retrieved
938:
929:
916:
890:
882:
875:
871:
867:
792:
780:Thomas White
769:
764:
760:
759:
748:
735:
653:
638:
599:
591:
587:Le Jouvencel
585:
568:, including
565:
562:neuf preuses
561:
556:
538:
523:
514:
506:
503:I Nove Prodi
502:
501:
495:
487:
475:
456:
442:
428:
349:
281:
276:
265:Crécy (1346)
229:neuf preuses
228:
204:
198:
172:
161:
146:
76:
72:i Nove Prodi
71:
67:
51:
49:
35:
827:Marlborough
795:William III
633:Penthésilée
570:Penthesilea
551:Penthesilea
477:Don Quixote
437:Europe. In
435:Renaissance
409:Charlemagne
404:King Arthur
257:royal entry
237:Penthesilea
107:Charlemagne
103:King Arthur
1130:Categories
993:2005-09-13
944:2023-06-16
922:Tenth Muse
859:References
823:Nottingham
815:Carmarthen
799:Devonshire
715:Holofernes
711:Coriolanus
651:, London.
566:neuf preux
425:Literature
398:Christians
296:Three Magi
292:King David
277:Neuf Preux
145:David, in
617:Semiramis
613:Menalyppe
609:Hippolyte
601:Deiphille
578:Semiramis
461:in which
282:The 1459
245:Semiramis
225:Christian
131:Nuremberg
40:City Hall
1046:Archived
1035:Archived
837:See also
819:Pembroke
807:Monmouth
704:Augsburg
676:Virginia
668:Lucretia
664:woodcuts
641:Siennese
625:Thamarys
621:Lampetho
582:Henry VI
467:Falstaff
449:Hercules
441:'s play
249:tapestry
195:, 1585).
56:chivalry
18:Worthies
831:Lowther
721:. The "
672:Veturia
654:In the
605:Synoppe
592:preuses
574:Tomyris
517:of the
431:masques
338:of the
328:Dauphin
241:Tomyris
203:in his
183:, 1519.
135:St Mark
64:Princes
1186:Nonets
1092:
1072:
829:, and
803:Dorset
786:, Sir
782:, Sir
778:, Sir
774:, Sir
738:abbess
719:Sisera
692:Helena
684:Judith
680:Esther
576:, and
560:added
382:Joshua
360:Hector
354:Pagans
334:, and
221:Jewish
177:Hector
117:Origin
109:, and
97:, and
91:Joshua
85:, and
79:Hector
629:Teuta
598:has:
529:piers
509:, an
387:David
223:, or
217:Pagan
95:David
1090:ISBN
1070:ISBN
698:and
688:Yael
686:and
674:and
451:and
376:Jews
318:and
308:Nero
306:and
267:and
50:The
607:,
484:Art
433:in
342:).
316:Job
113:).
42:in
1132::
1052:,
1041:,
937:.
924:".
900:^
889:,
833:.
825:,
821:,
817:,
813:,
809:,
805:,
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670:,
658:,
636:.
631:,
627:,
623:,
619:,
615:,
611:,
603:,
572:,
330:,
314:,
302:,
279:.
271:.
243:,
239:,
219:,
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