496:
524:
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538:
29:
510:
469:
was a period of sustained population growth, economic prosperity and territorial expansion. The multicultural and multiethnic nature of the Qing dynasty was fundamental to the subsequent formation of the modern nationalist concept of
360:
was revitalized and became more diverse and cosmopolitan. The amount of interaction between China and Japan increased; Chinese influence on
Japanese culture and politics became more prominent since the Tang dynasty.
2035:
332:, was a major economic and cultural hub, and was the world's largest urban settlement at the time. The Silk Road facilitated economic and cultural exchanges between China and the outside world, with
2040:
1530:
TERMINSKI, Bogumil, (2010), The
Evolution of the Concept of Perpetual Peace in the History of Political-Legal Thought, Perspectivas Internacionales, vol. 10: 277–291.
1591:
2624:
2076:
593:
2050:
1984:
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178:
1395:
2312:
1262:
1562:
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243:(明章之治) were periods of societal stability and economic prosperity. Externally, the Han dynasty neutralized the threat posed by the nomadic
701:
2644:
2252:
1796:
673:
2190:
1536:
ZHANG, Yongjin, (2001), System, empire and state in
Chinese international relations, Review of International Studies, vol. 27: 43–63.
465:. At its peak, it ruled over the fourth largest empire territorially, constituting 9.87 per cent of the world's total land area. The
1533:
YEOH, Kok Kheng, (2009), Towards Pax Sinica?: China's rise and transformation : impacts and implications, University of Malaya.
1368:
2629:
95:; Zhouguke (周古柯), Hebatan (呵跋檀), Humidan (胡密丹), Baiti (白題, similar to the Hephthalite people), who dwell close to Hephthalite; Mo (
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established contact with the numerous
Central Asian tribes and states, thus facilitating commerce and cultural exchanges.
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1979:
1953:
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Marriage as
Political Strategy and Cultural Expression: Mongolian Royal Marriages from World Empire to Yuan Dynasty
34:
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2004:
1999:
1969:
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Manslaughter, Markets, and Moral
Economy: Violent Disputes Over Property Rights in Eighteenth-Century China
669:
380:
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603:
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356:. During its peak, the Tang dynasty maintained hegemony over 72 tributary states. During this period,
2020:
1801:
1684:
651:
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88:
445:. During this period, China also exerted a great amount of influence on the culture and politics of
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1948:
1863:
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was defeated and annexed; in the west, the Tang dynasty extended its control as far as modern-day
247:
following a series of wars. The boundaries of China were extended into what is modern-day western
2247:
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1843:
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240:
1521:
KIM, S.S, China's
Pacific Policy: Reconciling the Irreconcilable, International Journal, 1994.
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War! What Is It Good For?: Conflict and the
Progress of Civilization from Primates to Robots
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Bay of Bengal
Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC)
391:. While the Yuan dynasty is often considered a legitimate Chinese dynasty that bore the
1290:
656:
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Between
Compliance and Conflict: East Asia, Latin America, and the "new" Pax Americana
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among those who benefited the most from such exchanges with China. In the north, the
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of the Han dynasty ended following decades of internal turmoil that later led to the
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emerged as a major route that connected the East and the West after the Han diplomat
2101:
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195:. It stimulated long-distance travel and trade in Eurasian history. Both the first
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162:, when taken together, amounted to a length of approximately two thousand years.
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Rising China and Its Postmodern Fate: Memories of Empire in a New Global Context
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138:) is a historiographical term referring to periods of peace and stability in
1130:
Empires, Systems and States: Great Transformations in International Politics
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The New Asian Hemisphere: The Irresistible Shift of Global Power to the East
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The Dragon and the Eagle: The Rise and Fall of the Chinese and Roman Empires
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Krech III, Shepard; Merchant, Carolyn; McNeill, John Robert, eds. (2004).
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Conference on Interaction and Confidence-Building Measures in Asia (CICA)
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Promoting Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation: Perspectives from East Asia
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1989:
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421:, illustrating the great political power of China at the time. The
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Lee, Soyoung; Kim, JaHyun; Hong, Sunpyo; Chang, Chin-Sung (2009).
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Military Force and Elite Power in the Formation of Modern China
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For periods of domestic stability and prosperity in China, see
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Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
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2030:
395:, historians usually classify this period of peace under the
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Australia–New Zealand–United States Security Treaty (ANZUS)
2158:
1994:
1526:
Pax Sinica: Geopolitics and Economics of China's Ascendance
1043:
Burnn, Stanley; Toops, Stanley; Gilbreath, Richard (2012).
2382:
1261:
Naidu, G.V.C.; Chen, Mumin; Narayanan, Raviprasad (2014).
2282:
1949:
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC)
417:. This period saw the formal institutionalization of the
2051:
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC)
1985:
Community of Latin American and Caribbean States (CELAC)
837:
429:
projected the imperial power of the Ming dynasty across
282:
established by the Han dynasty is often compared to the
16:
Periods of regional peace maintained by Chinese hegemony
2267:
1158:
Asia in Western and World History: A Guide for Teaching
324:
in Chinese history and presided over another period of
1902:
1264:
India and China in the Emerging Dynamics of East Asia
844:. Vol. 3: O–Z, Index. Routledge. pp. 135–.
784:
Great Power Conduct and Credibility in World Politics
2313:
Organisation internationale de la Francophonie (OIF)
1570:
491:
1317:
Modern Notions of Civilization and Culture in China
1237:
War, Trade and Piracy in the China Seas (1622-1683)
1042:
480:, this period of peace is also sometimes known as "
206:
2077:Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation
1344:A Paradise Lost: The Imperial Garden Yuanming Yuan
1289:
1260:
1155:
231:was consolidated following the devastation of the
812:. Delhi, India: Motilal Banarsidass. p. 57.
2606:
567:Comparative studies of the Roman and Han empires
476:. As the rulers of the Qing dynasty were ethnic
2298:India–Brazil–South Africa Dialogue Forum (IBSA)
1287:
1046:The Routledge Atlas of Central Eurasian Affairs
43:depicting tributary envoys from right to left:
2243:Brazil–Russia–India–China–South Africa (BRICS)
2123:Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)
2031:Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
594:Constitution of the People's Republic of China
2368:
1556:
1127:Cox, Michael; Dunne, Tim; Booth, Ken (2001).
1126:
1069:
1019:Big History: From the Big Bang to the Present
898:The Rise and Splendour of the Chinese Empire
726:
1213:. University of Georgia Press. p. 34.
1153:
841:Encyclopedia of World Environmental History
833:
831:
829:
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2253:Community of Portuguese Speaking Countries
1980:Central American Integration System (SICA)
1563:
1549:
1472:
1422:. Cambridge University Press. p. 34.
1133:. Cambridge University Press. p. 52.
727:Domínguez, Jorge; Kim, Byung-Kook (2005).
674:Military operations other than war (China)
2625:6th century BC in international relations
2191:South Atlantic Peace and Cooperation Zone
2159:North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
1995:North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
1954:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
1347:. University of Hawaii Press. p. 1.
988:
874:. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. p. 69.
780:
413:of China presided over another period of
227:of China. Domestically, the power of the
2207:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
2118:Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)
2061:Trilateral Cooperation Secretariat (TCS)
2026:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
2005:Union of South American Nations (UNASUR)
1292:Art of the Korean Renaissance, 1400-1600
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2128:Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
2056:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)
2046:Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
1393:
1073:Traditional architecture of Afghanistan
1070:Hallet, Stanley; Samizay, Rafi (1980).
695:
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599:Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence
2607:
1880:Composite Index of National Capability
1463:
1442:
1296:. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p.
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1154:Embree, Ainslie; Gluck, Carol (1997).
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1970:Association of Caribbean States (ACS)
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915:Dynastic China: An Elementary History
807:
158:reveals that the multiple periods of
1340:
1313:
1179:
950:
699:
690:
461:of China heralded another period of
352:; in the east, Tang control reached
1776:International relations (1814–1919)
1370:Whitaker's Little Book of Knowledge
1103:A Concise Reader of Chinese Culture
1099:
911:
905:
888:
858:
753:
13:
2087:European Political Community (EPC)
1485:
720:
387:and was the main successor to the
14:
2656:
2645:Historical controversies in China
1076:. Garland STPM Press. p. 9.
760:. Twayne Publishers. p. 94.
747:
552:List of periods of regional peace
2435:
2217:Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG)
1572:Power in international relations
918:. The Other Press. p. 131.
618:("Great Unity All Under Heaven")
536:
522:
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35:Portraits of Periodical Offering
2630:Ancient international relations
2021:Asia Cooperation Dialogue (ACD)
1387:
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173:emerged during the rule of the
2227:Polynesian Leaders Group (PLG)
2133:Eurasian Economic Union (EaEU)
801:
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1:
2138:Organization of Turkic States
1975:Caribbean Community (CARICOM)
1766:List of medieval great powers
683:
154:led by China. A study on the
1885:Comprehensive National Power
1761:List of ancient great powers
1511:Resources in other libraries
1320:. Springer. pp. 28–29.
1302:ming dynasty korean culture.
810:Global History of Philosophy
670:China and the United Nations
39:. A 6th-century painting in
7:
2385:regional and relative peace
2222:Pacific Islands Forum (PIF)
2175:Union for the Mediterranean
1928:Union for the Mediterranean
1771:List of modern great powers
1168:Japan culture tang dynasty.
989:Mahbubani, Kishore (2009).
604:Community of Common Destiny
487:
298:downfall of the Han dynasty
223:came into being during the
10:
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2620:Foreign relations of China
2303:Non-Aligned Movement (NAM)
1814:Hegemonic stability theory
1396:"Demography of Qing China"
963:. Routledge. p. 151.
781:Smolnikov, Sergey (2018).
733:. Routledge. p. 125.
665:East Asian cultural sphere
423:seven maritime expeditions
368:
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1506:Resources in your library
1478:Smolnikov (2018). p. 141.
1267:. Springer. p. 123.
1049:. Routledge. p. 15.
787:. Springer. p. 112.
652:Tributary system of China
381:imperial dynasty of China
1904:Organizations and groups
1864:Superpower disengagement
1341:Wong, Young-tsu (2001).
1234:Cheng, Weichung (2013).
1207:Horner, Charles (2010).
1106:. Springer. p. 24.
706:. Springer. p. 12.
580:Belt and Road Initiative
419:Chinese tributary system
203:eroded at circa AD 200.
156:Sinocentric world system
41:National Museum of China
2635:International relations
2615:Historiography of China
2248:Commonwealth of Nations
2082:Council of Europe (CoE)
1844:Power transition theory
1443:McCord, Edward (2014).
1162:. M.E. Sharpe. p.
1016:Brown, Cynthia (2012).
947:Grousset (1964). p. 85.
938:Grousset (1964). p. 60.
895:Grousset, René (1964).
808:Plott, John C. (1989).
81:in present-day Malaysia
1416:Buoye, Thomas (2000).
1100:Gan, Chunsong (2019).
957:Auyang, Sunny (2014).
912:Tan, Koon San (2014).
342:First Turkic Khaganate
241:Rule of Ming and Zhang
207:Periods of historical
100:
2318:Uniting for Consensus
1469:Horner (2010). p. 54.
1314:Fang, Weigui (2019).
1240:. BRILL. p. 11.
1180:Zhao, George (2008).
112:for "Chinese peace";
31:
2184:Africa–South America
2147:North America–Europe
1373:. Bloomsbury. 2018.
868:Morris, Ian (2014).
754:Lee, Joseph (1982).
585:Golden ages of China
563:Sino-Roman relations
328:. The Tang capital,
237:Rule of Wen and Jing
219:The first period of
21:Golden ages of China
2334:United Nations (UN)
2102:Visegrád Group (V4)
2092:European Union (EU)
1859:Superpower collapse
1854:Sphere of influence
1829:Philosophy of power
1524:Kueh, Y.Y. (2012).
700:Deng, Yang (1997).
678:Chinese foreign aid
122:traditional Chinese
2168:Africa–Asia–Europe
1022:. New Press/ORIM.
657:Civilization state
576:Maritime Silk Road
114:simplified Chinese
101:
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1849:Second Superpower
1809:Deterrence theory
1492:Library resources
995:. PublicAffairs.
851:978-0-415-93735-1
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393:Mandate of Heaven
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2569:
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2511:
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2509:Pax Khazarica
2506:
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2495:Pax Hispanica
2492:
2490:
2489:
2488:Pax Helvetica
2485:
2483:
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2478:
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2475:
2471:
2469:
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2460:Pax Austriaca
2457:
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2453:Pax Assyriaca
2450:
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2428:
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2591:
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2419:Pax Europaea
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2392:Contemporary
2236:Non–regional
1631:
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1399:. Retrieved
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152:Central Asia
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2586:Pax Syriana
2558:Pax Russica
2530:Pax Minoica
2523:Pax Mafiosa
2516:Pax Kushana
2502:Pax Italica
2412:Pax Atomica
2383:Periods of
1944:Arab League
1937:Africa–Asia
1710:Geopolitics
1685:Least Great
1633:Realpolitik
530:Asia portal
443:East Africa
439:Middle East
346:Afghanistan
322:golden ages
253:South Korea
225:Han dynasty
215:Han dynasty
191:led by the
175:Han dynasty
2609:Categories
2565:Pax Sinica
2551:Pax Romana
2445:Historical
2399:Long Peace
1497:Pax Sinica
684:References
558:Pax Romana
463:Pax Sinica
435:South Asia
415:Pax Sinica
369:See also:
326:Pax Sinica
294:Pax Sinica
285:Pax Romana
280:Pax Sinica
273:Zhang Qian
221:Pax Sinica
209:Pax Sinica
201:Pax Romana
197:Pax Sinica
184:Pax Romana
167:Pax Sinica
165:The first
160:Pax Sinica
105:Pax Sinica
77:Langkasuka
2481:Pax Gupta
1906:by region
1695:Potential
572:Silk Road
269:Silk Road
181:with the
179:coincided
140:East Asia
1990:Mercosur
1963:Americas
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1802:European
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1680:Emerging
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1617:Maritime
1597:Economic
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488:See also
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354:Sakhalin
350:Aral Sea
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334:Persians
330:Chang'an
249:Xinjiang
199:and the
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2111:Eurasia
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