1545:
1811:
22:
2063:
1187:
2007:
1109:
1728:
1029:
1892:
1904:
1001:
1743:
1919:
1941:
960:
1161:
1682:
650:
1758:
1716:
1614:
1135:
1083:
626:
1059:
550:
674:
526:
602:
578:
502:
1773:
1789:
1987:
334:
2062:
1544:
2006:
333:
1186:
100:
Drawings and paintings with short descriptions were used to record the expression of these ambassadors and to a lesser extent to show the cultural aspects of these ethnic groups. These historical descriptions beside the portrait became the equivalent of documents of diplomatic relations with each
1940:
1551:
156:
as a young man between 526 and 539 CE, a post he held again between 547 and 552 CE, and had the opportunity to meet many foreigners. It is the earliest surviving of these specially significant paintings. They reflect foreign embassies that took place, particularly regarding the three
1613:
1028:
1108:
1000:
1810:
1885:, since most countries of Asia and Europe are shown paying their respects to the Chinese Emperor. The title literally refers to ten thousand countries ("万国"), but this simply has the meaning of an uncountable multitude.
190:. The original work consisted of at least twenty five portraits of ambassadors from their various countries. The copy from the Song dynasty has twelve portraits and descriptions of thirteen envoys; the envoy from
21:
1727:
1681:
1620:
959:
1160:
649:
1891:
1903:
1918:
1082:
1603:. The painting consists of 27 people from various states. The original work was lost, and the only surviving edition was a Song dynasty copy, which is currently preserved at the
1058:
1134:
1742:
2068:
Popular multicolored New Year print (nianhua 年畫) entitled "Ten
Thousand Countries Coming to Court" (Wanguo laichao tu 萬國來朝圖), by Wang Junfu 王君甫, mid to late 17th century.
966:
1772:
77:
and later as well in other East Asian dynasties, such as Japan and
Vietnam. These paintings were official historical documents by the imperial courts. The term "
625:
549:
1986:
1688:
2341:
2223:
2161:
1715:
601:
673:
525:
501:
577:
1757:
2668:
87:, tributary states and tribes were required to send ambassadors to the imperial court periodically and pay tribute with valuable gifts (
1832:
1826:
340:
1788:
1667:), completed in 1759, with a second part added in 1765, showing various foreign people known at that time, with texts in Chinese and
2199:"Imagining a Universal Empire: a Study of the Illustrations of the Tributary States of the Myriad Regions Attributed to Li Gonglin"
2496:
2652:
947:
2673:
2596:
2569:
2542:
2416:
2369:
1672:
2079:
2089:
164:
161:(Hua) ambassadors, in 516–520 CE. The original of the work was lost, but three copies or derived works are known.
1845:
56:
1837:
48:
2683:
74:
73:) were tributary documentative paintings (with illustration on each of the portrait) produced by various
2628:, the Southern dynasty intentionally misspelled the Northern dynasty name with the similarly pronounced
194:
has no portrait. The work included individual descriptions, which follow closely the dynastic chronicle
2678:
2647:
2084:
1355:
679:
268:
2433:
1479:
352:
201:
187:
1600:
165:
Portraits of
Periodical Offering of Liang (526–539 CE) (Song dynasty copy of the 11th century CE)
1575:
2198:
2101:
1628:
1604:
2588:
Making the New World Their Own: Chinese
Encounters with Jesuit Science in the Age of Discovery
2586:
2559:
2406:
2532:
2460:
2359:
2335:
2217:
2155:
2095:
1957:
1214:
145:
115:), completed in 1751, gives verbal descriptions of outlying tribes as far as the island of
711:
painting consisting in a version of the Liang portraits of
Periodical Offerings, entitled
8:
2534:
Anglo-Chinese
Encounters Before the Opium War: A Tale of Two Empires Over Two Centuries
2504:
2318:
Yu, Taishan (Institute of
History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences) (January 2018).
2300:
2261:
2138:
Yu, Taishan (Institute of
History, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences) (January 2018).
1223:), now lost. A copy named "Entrance of the Foreign Visitors of Emperor Yuan of Liang" (
102:
2592:
2565:
2538:
2412:
2365:
2292:
2253:
2176:
2106:
2021:
1335:
885:
191:
2384:
Equivalence between
Kepantuo and Tashkurgan in page 436, location east of Congling (
1867:
1475:
1205:
434:
347:
with descriptions on the back of each foreign ambassador visiting the Liang court.
84:
2400:
2390:
2041:
2029:
2025:
1668:
1365:
915:
747:
531:
278:
26:
1881:
The painting was intended to show the cosmopolitanism and the centrality of the
1217:(552-555 CE) made another painting entitled "Entrance of the Foreign Visitors" (
2045:
1871:
120:
2408:
Hunnic
Peoples in Central and South Asia: Sources for their Origin and History
2662:
2296:
2257:
1818:
1561:
1236:
176:
149:
134:
116:
2049:
1779:
445:(somewhere between Henan, Hubei, and Guizhou), Dan 蜑 Barbarians of Jianping
2118:
1967:
1947:
1863:
1645:
1592:
1489:
1445:
1197:
1043:
1015:
708:
348:
208:
170:
105:
after the 9th century and distributed among the bureaucracy in albums. The
30:
2053:
1794:
1627:, depicting foreign envoys with tribute bearers. Song dynasty copy in the
1246:
From right to left, the countries are Lu (魯國) which is a reference to the
732:
From right to left, the countries are Lu (魯國) which is a reference to the
1882:
1596:
1275:
1247:
733:
507:
158:
126:
2304:
2280:
2265:
2241:
2112:
1345:
1315:
1115:
895:
827:
655:
401:
258:
248:
2197:
Ge, Zhaoguang (Professor of History, Fudan University, China) (2019).
1636:
1588:
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1295:
1176:
1167:
1150:
1124:
1098:
1048:
925:
807:
726:
698:
631:
484:
360:
The remaining countries, now lost, are thought to have been: Gaojuli
288:
2482:
2319:
2139:
1802:
2033:
2017:
1971:
1734:
1465:
1455:
1073:
855:
410:
381:
367:
196:
153:
2320:"The Illustration of Envoys Presenting Tribute at the Liang Court"
2140:"The Illustration of Envoys Presenting Tribute at the Liang Court"
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1764:
1749:
1519:
1405:
1325:
1255:
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905:
837:
689:
458:
2037:
2013:
1993:
1924:
1909:
1853:
1499:
1425:
1375:
1285:
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1069:
1007:
865:
767:
757:
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607:
568:
555:
437:
430:
420:
298:
228:
218:
64:
451:(between Hubei and Sichuan), and Man 蠻 Barbarians of Linjiang
83:" roughly translates to "duty offering pictorial". Throughout
1554:"Entrance of the Foreign Visitors of Emperor Yuan of Liang" (
1529:
1509:
1435:
1395:
1385:
1305:
1265:
1089:
1065:
1035:
875:
845:
841:
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797:
777:
583:
474:
391:
377:
308:
238:
1141:
787:
318:
1997:
2653:
Chinese Calligraphy And Painting Artist Network: Xiao Yi
2432:
Zhou, Xiuqin (University of Pennsylvania) (April 2009).
1591:, depicting foreign envoys with tribute bearers for the
351:
copy of Liang dynasty original from 526–539 CE, in the
127:
Portraits of Periodical Offering of Liang (526–539 CE)
1656:
Portraits of Periodical Offering of the Imperial Qing
175:
Song copy of the Portraits of Periodical Offering of
2364:. John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 29, n.14, 99.
1866:
painting depicting foreign delegations visiting the
169:
A surviving edition of this work is a copy from the
2561:China and Southeast Asia: Historical Interactions
2434:"Zhaoling: The Mausoleum of Emperor Tang Taizong"
1960:as depicted in the Periodical Offering Painting (
107:Portraits of Periodical Offering of Imperial Qing
2660:
2558:Wade, Geoff; Chin, James K. (19 December 2018).
2278:
2239:
2353:
2351:
2281:"Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?"
2242:"Is There a "Nationality of the Hephtalites"?"
2629:
2623:
2394:
2385:
1975:
1961:
1951:
1702:
1692:
1662:
1649:
1565:
1555:
1533:
1523:
1513:
1503:
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1439:
1429:
1419:
1409:
1399:
1389:
1379:
1369:
1359:
1349:
1339:
1329:
1319:
1309:
1299:
1289:
1279:
1269:
1259:
1230:
1224:
1218:
979:
973:
941:
935:
929:
919:
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859:
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181:
139:
110:
88:
78:
2340:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2222:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2160:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2012:Tributary envoys and foreign dignitaries of
2348:
1638:Portraits of Offerings to the Imperial Qing
152:while he was a Governor of the Province of
2178:Masterpieces of Classical Chinese Painting
1833:Ten Thousand Nations Coming to Pay Tribute
1827:Ten Thousand Nations Coming to Pay Tribute
1804:Ten Thousand Nations Coming to Pay Tribute
461:). There may also have been: Zhongtianzhu
2235:
2233:
989:
487:), for a total of twenty-five countries.
345:Portraits of Periodical Offering of Liang
101:country. The drawings were reproduced in
2557:
2537:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 45–46.
1809:
1625:Portraits of Periodical Offering of Tang
1585:Portraits of Periodical Offering of Tang
1577:Portraits of Periodical Offering of Tang
667:) to the Southern Liang court 516-520 CE
207:The envoys from right to left were: the
20:
2526:
2524:
2522:
1064:Envoys of the three kingdoms of Korea (
490:
2661:
2457:"他的《番客人朝图》及《职贡图》至今在中国画史上占据重要的位置。" in
2404:
2272:
2230:
2584:
2551:
2497:"Foreign Envoys with Tribute Bearers"
2465:Journal of Huanche S&T University
2174:
1229:) was made by the painter Gu Deqian (
186:), and is currently preserved at the
2519:
2431:
2361:Interpreters in Early Imperial China
2357:
2192:
2190:
2188:
1862:, 1761) is a monumental (299x207cm)
1579:(Song dynasty copy, 11–13th century)
133:Portraits of Periodical Offering of
16:Paintings depicting Chinese tributes
2669:Foreign relations of Imperial China
2530:
2080:Foreign relations of imperial China
1817:(万国来朝图, 1761). Wintertime version.
1778:Vietnamese dignitaries of the late-
1644:In the mid-18th century during the
1192:Ambassador from Central India (中天竺
13:
2458:
2317:
2196:
2137:
14:
2695:
2641:
2279:DE LA VAISSIÈRE, ÉTIENNE (2003).
2240:DE LA VAISSIÈRE, ÉTIENNE (2003).
2185:
2131:
2090:List of tributary states of China
29:(波斯國), visiting the court of the
2405:Balogh, Dániel (12 March 2020).
2061:
2005:
1985:
1939:
1932:
1917:
1902:
1890:
1787:
1771:
1756:
1741:
1726:
1714:
1699:Portraits of Periodical Offering
1680:
1612:
1599:in 631, during the reign of the
1543:
1239:dynasty (937–976 CE), native of
1208:Entrance of the Foreign Visitors
1185:
1159:
1133:
1107:
1081:
1057:
1027:
999:
994:Some of the main portraits are:
958:
672:
648:
624:
600:
576:
548:
524:
500:
495:Some of the main portraits are:
332:
44:Portraits of Periodical Offering
2616:
2578:
2489:
2475:
2451:
2648:Picture of Liang Chih-kung-t'u
2630:
2624:
2425:
2411:. Barkhuis. pp. 436, 66.
2395:
2386:
2378:
2311:
2285:Bulletin of the Asia Institute
2246:Bulletin of the Asia Institute
2168:
1976:
1962:
1952:
1858:
1849:
1841:
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1524:
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1330:
1320:
1310:
1300:
1290:
1280:
1270:
1260:
1231:
1225:
1219:
1215:Emperor Yuan of Liang, Xiao Yi
980:
974:
942:
936:
930:
920:
910:
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213:
182:
146:Emperor Yuan of Liang, Xiao Yi
140:
111:
89:
79:
69:
60:
52:
1:
2674:Tributaries of Imperial China
2206:Journal of Chinese Humanities
2124:
2585:Zhang, Qiong (26 May 2015).
1992:Japanese depiction of first
1815:Thousand nations pay tribute
1673:complete Huangqing Zhigongtu
144:) was painted by the future
7:
2591:. BRILL. pp. 352–353.
2531:Liu, Xin (12 August 2022).
2073:
934:), Barbarians of Jianping (
725:). It was probably made by
10:
2700:
2564:. Routledge. p. 135.
2483:"邦国来朝：揭台北故宫藏职贡图题材的国家排序力秘密"
2461:"江南天子皆词客——梁元帝萧绎之评价 – 百度文库"
1824:
148:(ruled 552–555 CE) of the
2622:Originally spelled with
2085:Tributary system of China
2056:. (16th-century painting)
173:in the 11th century, the
2609:
1721:French man, 18th century
353:National Museum of China
188:National Museum of China
2393:) and west of Zhujubo (
2175:Zheng, Xinmiao (2017).
1878:during the late 1750s.
1601:Emperor Taizong of Tang
1014:) visiting the Chinese
2501:National Palace Museum
2102:Chinese historiography
1946:Tribute delegation of
1927:delegates (flag "法兰西")
1822:
1648:, the painter Xiesui (
1629:National Palace Museum
1605:National Palace Museum
1564:variant by Gu Deqian (
1324:), Wuxing City of the
1196:) to the court of the
970:The Gathering of Kings
836:), Wuxing City of the
713:The Gathering of Kings
701:The Gathering of Kings
38:
35:The Gathering of Kings
2358:Lung, Rachel (2011).
2096:Twenty-Four Histories
1958:Southern Song dynasty
1897:Korea delegates (朝鲜国)
1813:
1797:(Thai) State Official
1478:(天門蠻), Barbarians of
24:
2507:on 16 September 2015
2441:Sino-Platonic Papers
990:Individual portraits
491:Individual portraits
2684:Chinese iconography
2459:Yi, Xuehua (2015).
2052:court (Vietnam) in
1846:traditional Chinese
1660:Huángqīng Zhígòngtú
1180:(王会图), circa 650 CE
1154:(王会图), circa 650 CE
1128:(王会图), circa 650 CE
1102:(王会图), circa 650 CE
1052:(王会图), circa 650 CE
57:traditional Chinese
37:(王会图), circa 650 CE
2181:. Abbeville Press.
1838:simplified Chinese
1823:
1697:) again painted a
1654:) again painted a
1200:. 王会图 circa 650 CE
103:woodblock printing
49:simplified Chinese
39:
2679:Chinese paintings
2598:978-90-04-28438-8
2571:978-0-429-95213-5
2544:978-1-000-63756-4
2418:978-94-93194-01-4
2371:978-90-272-2444-6
2107:Monarchy of China
1859:Wànguó láicháo tú
1474:), Barbarians of
1444:), Barbarians of
1210:(10th century CE)
1042:) at the Chinese
978:), by Yan Liben (
75:Chinese dynasties
2691:
2635:
2633:
2632:
2627:
2626:
2620:
2603:
2602:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2555:
2549:
2548:
2528:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2503:. Archived from
2493:
2487:
2486:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2438:
2429:
2423:
2422:
2403:) in page 66 in
2398:
2397:
2389:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2355:
2346:
2345:
2339:
2331:
2324:Eurasian Studies
2315:
2309:
2308:
2291:: 130, note 31.
2276:
2270:
2269:
2237:
2228:
2227:
2221:
2213:
2203:
2194:
2183:
2182:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2159:
2151:
2144:Eurasian Studies
2135:
2065:
2009:
1989:
1979:
1978:
1965:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1943:
1921:
1906:
1894:
1868:Qianlong Emperor
1860:
1851:
1843:
1791:
1775:
1760:
1745:
1730:
1718:
1706:
1705:
1696:
1695:
1684:
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1422:
1413:
1412:
1403:
1402:
1393:
1392:
1383:
1382:
1373:
1372:
1363:
1362:
1353:
1352:
1343:
1342:
1333:
1332:
1323:
1322:
1313:
1312:
1303:
1302:
1293:
1292:
1283:
1282:
1273:
1272:
1263:
1262:
1234:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1222:
1221:
1189:
1166:Ambassador from
1163:
1140:Ambassador from
1137:
1114:Ambassador from
1111:
1088:Ambassador from
1085:
1061:
1034:Ambassador from
1031:
1003:
983:
982:
977:
976:
962:
945:
944:
939:
938:
933:
932:
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913:
912:
903:
902:
893:
892:
883:
882:
873:
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862:
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835:
834:
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824:
815:
814:
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804:
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604:
591:
590:
580:
563:
562:
552:
539:
538:
528:
515:
514:
504:
482:
481:
477:), and Shiziguo
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113:
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91:
82:
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71:
62:
54:
25:Ambassador from
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2698:
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2690:
2689:
2688:
2659:
2658:
2644:
2639:
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2391:Pamir Mountains
2383:
2379:
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2238:
2231:
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2153:
2152:
2136:
2132:
2127:
2076:
2069:
2066:
2057:
2010:
2001:
2000:, 17th century
1990:
1981:
1944:
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2509:. Retrieved
2505:the original
2500:
2491:
2477:
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2444:
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2427:
2407:
2380:
2360:
2336:cite journal
2327:
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2313:
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2249:
2245:
2218:cite journal
2209:
2205:
2177:
2170:
2156:cite journal
2147:
2143:
2133:
2119:Zongli Yamen
2111:
2094:
1968:Ming dynasty
1948:Liao dynasty
1880:
1864:Qing dynasty
1857:
1831:
1830:
1814:
1803:
1698:
1659:
1655:
1646:Qing dynasty
1643:
1637:
1624:
1595:arriving at
1593:Tang dynasty
1584:
1582:
1576:
1490:Hephthalites
1304:), Northern
1245:
1213:
1207:
1198:Tang dynasty
1193:
1175:
1171:
1149:
1145:
1123:
1119:
1097:
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1047:
1044:Tang dynasty
1039:
1022:circa 650 CE
1019:
1016:Tang dynasty
1011:
993:
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949:
816:), Northern
731:
722:
712:
706:
700:
688:
682:ambassador (
664:
658:ambassador (
640:
634:ambassador (
616:
610:ambassador (
592:
586:ambassador (
564:
558:ambassador (
540:
534:ambassador (
519:) ambassador
516:
494:
423:), Gaochang
394:), Kepantuo
359:
349:Song dynasty
344:
209:Hephthalites
206:
195:
174:
171:Song dynasty
168:
132:
130:
109:by Xie Sui (
106:
99:
94:
68:
43:
42:
40:
34:
31:Tang dynasty
18:
2252:: 127–128.
1996:mission to
1883:Qing Empire
1607:in Taipei.
1587:by painter
1276:Western Wei
1264:), Central
1248:Eastern Wei
946:). See the
796:), Central
734:Eastern Wei
709:Tang period
665:Lang-ga-siu
508:Hephthalite
159:Hephthalite
2663:Categories
2125:References
2113:Pax Sinica
2050:Lê dynasty
1821:(北京故宫博物院).
1780:Lê dynasty
1671:. See the
1631:in Taipei.
1346:Langkasuka
1316:Tashkurgan
1116:Tashkurgan
1018:court, in
940:), Nudan (
896:Langkasuka
828:Tashkurgan
656:Langkasuka
402:Tashkurgan
384:), Xinluo
370:), Yutian
2655:(Chinese)
2297:0890-4464
2258:0890-4464
2150:: 68–122.
2054:Thanh Hóa
1956:" to the
1763:Man from
1748:Man from
1733:Man from
1589:Yan Liben
1416:Kabadiyan
1336:Dangchang
1296:Sri Lanka
1235:) of the
1177:Wanghuitu
1168:Sri Lanka
1151:Wanghuitu
1125:Wanghuitu
1120:Qiepantuo
1099:Wanghuitu
1049:Wanghuitu
1040:Qiuci-guo
1020:Wanghuitu
1006:Man from
950:Wanghuitu
948:complete
926:Kabadiyan
886:Dangchang
808:Sri Lanka
727:Yan Liben
723:Wanghuitu
632:Kabadiyan
485:Sri Lanka
289:Kabadiyan
202:Volume 54
192:Dangchang
70:Zhígòngtú
2511:26 April
2305:24049310
2266:24049310
2074:See also
2034:Cambodia
2018:Lan Xang
1972:Qiu Ying
1735:Helvetia
1691:Xiesui (
1597:Chang'an
1557:梁元帝番客入朝圖
1480:Jianping
1466:Gaochang
1456:Goguryeo
1446:Linjiang
1226:梁元帝番客入朝圖
1172:Shiziguo
1094:Baitiguo
1074:Goguryeo
856:Goguryeo
411:Xinjiang
382:Xinjiang
368:Goguryeo
259:Malaysia
197:Liangshu
154:Jingzhou
2401:Yarkand
2048:to the
2026:Myanmar
1970:artist
1876:Beijing
1870:in the
1795:Siamese
1765:England
1750:Hungary
1520:Kantoli
1476:Tianmen
1406:Yarkand
1356:Dengzhi
1326:Chouchi
1256:Tuyuhun
1254:(芮芮國),
1241:Jiangsu
1046:court.
916:Yarkand
906:Dengzhi
844:(龜茲國),
840:(武興國),
838:Chouchi
690:Dengzhi
641:Kebotan
617:Humidan
532:Persian
459:Sichuan
435:Tianmen
279:Yarkand
183:梁職貢圖宋摹本
117:Britain
95:gòngpǐn
2595:
2568:
2541:
2447:: 155.
2415:
2368:
2303:
2295:
2264:
2256:
2212:: 128.
2046:Ryukyu
2042:Persia
2038:Lan Na
2014:Champa
1994:Ryukyu
1925:France
1910:Khotan
1856::
1854:pinyin
1848::
1840::
1806:(1761)
1669:Manchu
1640:(1759)
1500:Khotan
1426:Kumedh
1376:Baekje
1366:Persia
1286:Champa
1252:Rouran
1070:Baekje
1012:Yutian
1008:Khotan
866:Khotan
768:Kumedh
758:Baekje
748:Persia
738:Rouran
608:Kumedh
569:Baekje
556:Korean
457:(East
431:Turpan
421:Shanxi
299:Kumedh
219:Persia
67::
65:pinyin
59::
51::
27:Persia
2610:Notes
2471:: 83.
2437:(PDF)
2330:: 93.
2301:JSTOR
2262:JSTOR
2202:(PDF)
2030:Demak
1966:) by
1850:萬國來朝圖
1842:万国来朝图
1664:皇清職貢圖
1530:Funan
1510:Silla
1436:Baiti
1396:Japan
1386:Kucha
1306:India
1266:India
1220:番客入朝圖
1170:(獅子國
1146:Moguo
1118:(謁盤陀
1092:(白題國
1090:Balkh
1066:Silla
1038:(龜茲國
1036:Kucha
1010:(于闐國
876:Silla
846:Japan
842:Kucha
818:India
798:India
778:Baiti
680:Qiang
593:Qiuci
584:Kucha
565:Baiji
475:India
392:Silla
378:Hotan
309:Balkh
269:Qiang
249:Japan
239:Kucha
229:Korea
177:Liang
135:Liang
2593:ISBN
2566:ISBN
2539:ISBN
2513:2015
2413:ISBN
2366:ISBN
2342:link
2293:ISSN
2254:ISSN
2224:link
2162:link
2044:and
2022:Siam
1623:The
1583:The
1431:胡密丹國
1321:渴盤陀國
1284:) ,
1144:(靺國
1142:Merv
788:Merv
541:Bosi
419:(in
343:The
319:Merv
214:滑/嚈哒
141:梁職貢圖
131:The
41:The
2634:.
2445:187
2396:朱駒波
1998:Edo
1963:職貢圖
1953:契丹國
1874:in
1704:職貢圖
1567:顧德謙
1560:),
1538:).
1535:扶南國
1528:),
1525:干陀國
1518:),
1515:新羅國
1508:),
1498:),
1488:),
1485:建平蠻
1471:高昌國
1464:),
1461:高麗國
1454:),
1451:臨江蠻
1441:白題國
1434:),
1424:),
1421:阿跋檀
1414:),
1411:周古柯
1404:),
1394:),
1391:龜茲國
1384:),
1381:百濟國
1374:),
1371:波斯國
1364:),
1361:鄧至國
1354:),
1351:狼牙修
1344:),
1341:宕昌國
1334:),
1331:武興蕃
1314:),
1311:北天竺
1301:師子國
1294:),
1291:林邑國
1274:),
1271:中天竺
1243:.
1232:顧德謙
1174:),
981:閻立本
975:王會圖
943:女蜑國
937:建平蠻
931:阿跋檀
924:),
921:周古柯
914:),
911:鄧至國
904:),
901:狼牙修
894:),
891:宕昌國
884:),
881:新羅國
874:),
871:于闐國
864:),
861:高麗國
854:),
833:謁盤陀
826:),
823:北天竺
813:獅子國
806:),
803:中天竺
786:),
783:白題國
776:),
773:胡密丹
766:),
763:百濟國
756:),
753:波斯國
746:),
743:芮芮國
729:.
718:王會圖
661:狼牙脩
637:呵跋檀
613:胡蜜丹
517:Hua
480:獅子國
470:北天竺
464:中天竺
454:臨江蠻
448:建平蠻
442:天門蠻
438:Man
433:),
416:武興藩
406:塔什干
397:渴盤陀
380:in
363:高句麗
327:).
307:),
304:胡蜜丹
297:),
294:呵跋檀
287:),
284:周古柯
277:),
267:),
264:狼牙脩
257:),
247:),
237:),
227:),
217:),
204:).
119:in
97:).
80:職貢圖
61:職貢圖
53:职贡图
2665::
2521:^
2499:.
2469:17
2467:.
2463:.
2443:.
2439:.
2399:,
2387:葱嶺
2350:^
2338:}}
2334:{{
2328:VI
2326:.
2322:.
2299:.
2289:17
2287:.
2283:.
2260:.
2250:17
2248:.
2244:.
2232:^
2220:}}
2216:{{
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2204:.
2187:^
2158:}}
2154:{{
2148:VI
2146:.
2142:.
2040:,
2036:,
2032:,
2028:,
2024:,
2020:,
2016:,
1980:)
1977:仇英
1852:;
1844:;
1694:謝遂
1675:.
1651:謝遂
1505:于闐
1495:滑國
1401:倭國
1281:為國
1261:河南
1250:,
1148:)
1122:)
1096:)
1072:,
1068:,
953:.
851:倭國
793:靺國
736:,
721:,
707:A
685:鄧至
589:龜茲
567:,
561:百濟
537:波斯
426:高昌
387:新羅
373:於闐
314:白題
274:鄧至
244:龜茲
234:百濟
224:波斯
123:.
112:謝遂
93:;
90:貢品
63:;
55:;
33:.
2631:為
2625:魏
2601:.
2574:.
2547:.
2515:.
2485:.
2421:.
2374:.
2344:)
2307:.
2268:.
2226:)
2210:5
2164:)
1974:(
1950:"
1836:(
1707:)
1701:(
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928:(
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