Simplified Chinese characters

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used in most of official publications, the government does not officially discourage the use of traditional characters and still allow parents to choose whether to have their child's Chinese name registered in simplified or traditional characters. Traditional characters are widely used by older Singaporeans, and are widespread on billboards, stall menus, and decorations, as well as in newspapers and on television. There is no restriction on the use of traditional characters in mass media, and television programs, books, magazines and music imported from Hong Kong and Taiwan are widely available, almost always using traditional characters. Many shop signs and menus in

5546:(CPPCC) political conference member that called for elementary schools to teach traditional Chinese characters in addition to the simplified ones. The conference member pointed out that many, especially young people, have difficulties with traditional Chinese characters; this is especially important in dealing with non-mainland communities such as Taiwan and Hong Kong. The educational authorities did not approve the recommendation, saying that it did not fit in with the "requirements as set out by the law" and it could potentially complicate the curricula. A similar proposal was delivered to the first plenary session of the 11th CPPCC in March 2008. 1576: 5845: 2359:, a draft of 515 simplified characters and 54 simplified components, whose simplifications would be present in most compound characters. Over the following decade, the Script Reform Committee deliberated on characters in the 1956 scheme, collecting public input regarding the recognizability of variants, and often approving forms in small batches. Parallel to simplification, there were also initiatives aimed at eliminating the use of characters entirely and replacing them with pinyin as an official Chinese alphabet, but this possibility was abandoned, confirmed by a speech given by 12285: 1014: 1587:. The latter term refers broadly to all character variants featuring simplifications of character form or structure, a practice which has always been present as a part of the Chinese writing system. The official name tends to refer to the specific, systematic set published by the Chinese government, which includes not only simplifications of individual characters, but also a substantial reduction in the total number of characters through the merger of formerly distinct forms. 255: 5831: 2322:(1891–1962) has been identified as a turning point in the history of the Chinese script—as it was one of the first clear calls for China to move away from the use of characters entirely. Instead, Chao proposed that the language be written with an alphabet, which he saw as more logical and efficient. The alphabetization and simplification campaigns would exist alongside one another among the Republican intelligentsia for the next several decades. 5588: 68: 12935: 5745:-80, contained only one code point for each character, it is impossible to use GB 2312 to map to the bigger set of traditional characters. It is theoretically possible to use Big5 code to map to the smaller set of simplified character glyphs, although there is little market for such a product. Newer and alternative forms of GB have support for traditional characters. In particular, mainland authorities have now established 170: 27: 2525: 5440:

publications and books on ancient literature and poetry, and for research purposes. Traditional characters remain ubiquitous on buildings that predate the promotion of simplified characters, such as former government buildings, religious buildings, educational institutions, and historical monuments. Traditional characters are also often used for commercial purposes, such as in shopfront displays and advertisements.

2286: 4247: 4072: 5702:, the use of simplified characters has become increasingly popular. Before the 1970s, Chinese schools in the Philippines were under the supervision of the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China. Hence, most books were using traditional characters. Traditional characters remained prevalent until the early 2000s. Institutions like the 5414: 2474:

and archaic characters by analogy using simplified radicals or components is now discouraged. A State Language Commission official cited "oversimplification" as the reason for restoring some characters. The language authority declared an open comment period until 31 August 2009, for feedback from the public.

5648:

The majority of textbooks teaching Chinese are now based on simplified characters and Hanyu Pinyin – although there are textbooks originating in China which have a traditional version. For practical reasons, universities and schools prepare students who will be able to communicate with

5518:

Chinese is not an official language in Malaysia, but over 90% of ethnic-Chinese students in the country are educated in Chinese schools, which have been teaching in simplified characters since 1981. Traditional characters are also widely used by older people and are likewise widespread on billboards,

4563:

The Series One List of Variant Characters reduces the number of total standard characters. First, amongst each set of variant characters sharing identical pronunciation and meaning, one character (usually the simplest in form) is elevated to the standard character set, and the rest are made obsolete.

5661:

In the United Kingdom, universities mainly teach Mandarin Chinese at the undergraduate level using the simplified characters coupled with pinyin. However, they will require the students to learn or be able to recognise the traditional forms if they are studying in Taiwan or Hong Kong (such as taking

5554:

Most, if not all, Chinese-language textbooks in Hong Kong are written in traditional characters. Before 1997, the use of simplified characters was generally discouraged by educators. After 1997, while students are still expected to be proficient and utilize traditional characters in formal settings,

5493:

Simplified characters are not used in any official capacity in Taiwan, including in government and civil publications in Taiwan. However, they are sometimes used in calligraphy and informal handwriting. It is also legal to import and distribute publications printed in simplified characters. Specific

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characters. No new simplifications were introduced. In addition, slight modifications to the orthography of 44 characters to fit traditional calligraphic rules were initially proposed, but were not implemented due to negative public response. Also, the practice of unrestricted simplification of rare

988:

was promulgated in 1977—largely composed of entirely new variants intended to artificially lower the stroke count, in contrast to the first round—but was massively unpopular and never saw consistent use. The second round of simplifications was ultimately retracted officially in 1986, well after they

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In Indonesia, Chinese is not an official language. However, the country is also home to a sizable ethnic-Chinese community, and similarly to Malaysia, ethnic-Chinese students typically receive their education in Chinese-language schools that almost exclusively use simplified characters. Traditional

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Dictionaries published in mainland China generally show both simplified and their traditional counterparts. In digital media, many cultural phenomena imported from Hong Kong and Taiwan into mainland China, such as music videos, karaoke videos, subtitled movies, and subtitled dramas, use traditional

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In Singapore, where Mandarin Chinese is one of the official languages, simplified characters are the official standard and are generally used in most of official publications as well as the government-controlled press. While simplified characters are taught exclusively in schools and are generally

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that would later be imposed across China was originally derived from the Zhou big seal script with few modifications. However, the body of epigraphic evidence comparing the character forms used by scribes gives no indication of any real consolidation in character forms prior to the founding of the

976:

forms that embody graphic or phonetic simplifications of the traditional forms. In addition, variant characters with identical pronunciation and meaning were reduced to a single standardized character, usually the simplest among all variants in form. Finally, many characters were left untouched by

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It is common for Hong Kongers to learn traditional Chinese characters in school, as well as some simplified characters incidentally, usually by consuming media produced on the mainland. For use on computers, however, people tend to type Chinese characters using an IME with a traditional character

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in 1969, consisting of 498 simplified characters derived from 502 traditional characters. A second round of 2287 simplified characters was promulgated in 1974. The second set contained 49 differences from the mainland China system; these were removed in the final round in 1976. In 1993, Singapore

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most often renders simplified Chinese characters, while Big5 most often renders traditional characters. Although neither encoding has an explicit connection with a specific character set, the lack of a one-to-one mapping between the simplified and traditional sets established a de facto linkage.

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This is very similar to the 'elimination of variants of the same character' in "Series One Organization List of Variant Characters", except that these eliminations happen in Chart 1 and Chart 2 of "Complete List of Simplified Characters". Characters simplified in Chart 2 can be further used for

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and traditional characters had been originally used before (since the 1940s), but by the change of regulation, pinyin and simplified characters have been used to pupils who enter the school in 1996 or later. Therefore, MPS I and traditional characters disappeared after 1998 in South Korean high

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In places where a particular set is not locally entrenched, such as Europe and the United States, instruction is now mostly simplified, as the economic importance of mainland China increases, and also because of the availability of textbooks printed in mainland China. Teachers of international

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Textbooks, official statements, and newspapers show no signs of moving to simplified Chinese characters, including state-funded media. However, for example, Hong Konger students sometimes opt to write with simplified characters when taking notes or while taking exams, in order to write faster.

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The Law of the People's Republic of China on the National Common Language and Characters implies that simplified Chinese characters are the country's standard script, with traditional Chinese being used for purposes such as ceremonies, cultural purposes such as calligraphy, for decoration, in

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Chart 2 lists 132 characters that are used by themselves as well as utilized as simplified character components to further derive other simplified characters. Chart 2 also lists 14 components or radicals that cannot be used by themselves, but can be generalized for derivation of more complex

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was promulgated in 1977, but was poorly received by the public and quickly fell out of official use. It was ultimately formally rescinded in 1986. The second-round simplifications were unpopular in large part because most of the forms were completely new, in contrast to the familiar variants

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by including code points for each. This was rendered necessary by the fact that the linkage between simplified characters and traditional characters is not one-to-one. While this means that a Unicode system can display both simplified and traditional characters, it also means that different

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In Japan there are two types of schools. Simplified Chinese is taught instead of traditional Chinese in pro-mainland China schools. They also teach Pinyin, a romanization system for standard Chinese, while the Taiwan-oriented schools teach bopomofo, which uses phonetic symbols. However, the

5430:

The People's Republic of China and Singapore generally use simplified characters. They appear very sparingly in texts originating in Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and overseas Chinese communities, although they are becoming more prevalent as mainland China becomes more integrated globally.

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accounts for some of the orthography differences in mainland China versus in Hong Kong and Taiwan. These are not simplifications of character structures, but rather reduction in number of total standard characters. For each set of variants with identical pronunciation and meaning, one

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characters which are simplified based on the same simplification principles used for components and radicals in Chart 2. This list is non-exhaustive, so if a character is not already found in Charts 1–3, but can be simplified in accordance with Chart 2, the character should be

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characters. It included 45 newly recognized standard characters that were previously considered variant forms, as well as official approval of 226 characters that had been simplified by analogy and had seen wide use but were not explicitly given in previous lists or documents.

6542:]. Paper presented at The Fourth International Conference on Chinese Characters. Convened by The Society of Chinese Philology, Jiangsu Educational Publishing House and State Language Commission of PRC. Suzhou, China. 26–27 Nov 1997 (in Chinese) – via huayuqiao.org. 2314:—many anti-imperialist intellectuals throughout China began to see the country's writing system as a serious impediment to its modernization. In 1916, a multi-part English-language article entitled "The Problem of the Chinese Language" co-authored by the Chinese linguist 3973:

employs character components, not traditional radicals. A component refers to any conceivable part of a character, regardless of its position within the character, or its relative size compared to other components in the same character. For instance, in the character

5447:

model, the PRC has not attempted to force Hong Kong or Macau into using simplified characters. The PRC tends to print material intended for people in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan, and overseas Chinese in traditional characters. For example, versions of the

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list tend to adopt vulgar variant character forms. Since the new forms take vulgar variants, many characters now appear slightly simpler compared to old forms, and as such are often mistaken as structurally simplified characters. Some examples follow:

2337:(KMT) party. Many members of the Chinese intelligentsia maintained that simplification would increase literacy rates throughout the country. In 1935, the first official list of simplified forms was published, consisting of 324 characters collated by 6509:]. Paper presented at The International Conference on Culture of Chinese Character. Convened by Beijing Normal University and Liaoning People Publishing House. Dandong, Liaoning, China. 9-11 Nov 1998 (in Chinese) – via huayuqiao.org. 2697:. Characters in both charts are structurally simplified based on similar set of principles. They are separated into two charts to clearly mark those in Chart 2 as 'usable as simplified character components', based on which Chart 3 is derived. 5563:

Chinese textbooks in Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia are written exclusively in simplified characters, and only simplified characters are taught in school. Traditional characters are usually only taught to those taking up calligraphy as a

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to a greater extent than in Singapore. Most of Malaysia's Chinese-language newspapers compromise by retaining traditional characters in article headlines, but opting to use simplified characters for the bodies of articles.

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In 1986, authorities retracted the second round completely, though they had been largely fallen out of use within a year of their initial introduction. That year, the authorities also promulgated a final version of the

5706:, being the cultural arm of the People's Republic of China, are strong proponents of the use of simplified characters. Also, many schools are now importing their Mandarin textbooks from Singapore instead of Taiwan. 3965:, the 1,753 derived characters found in Chart 3 can be created by systematically simplifying components using Chart 2 as a conversion table. While exercising such derivation, the following rules should be observed: 6973:

The Basic English-Chinese, Chinese-English Dictionary: Using Simplified Characters (with an Appendix Containing the Original Complex Characters) Transliterated in Accordance with the New, Official Chinese Phonetic

1642:), "overall changes in the distinguishing features of graphic shape and calligraphic style, in most cases refer to rather obvious and rather substantial changes". The initiatives following the founding of the 2365: 2297:

Though most closely associated with the People's Republic, the idea of a mass simplification of character forms first gained traction in China during the early 20th century. In 1909, the educator and linguist

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characters, and replaces the 1965 list. Since the new forms take vulgar variants, many characters now appear slightly simpler compared to old forms, and as such are often mistaken as being structurally

5402:. Further investigation reveals that these two characters do not appear in Chart 1 nor in "Series One Organization List of Variant Characters". Thus they remain unchanged from traditional forms in the 989:

had largely ceased to be used due to their unpopularity and the confusion they caused. In August 2009, China began collecting public comments for a revised list of simplified characters; the resulting

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Russia and most East European nations are traditionally oriented on the education of the PRC's system for teaching Chinese, which uses simplified characters but exposes the learners to both systems.

5681:, universities have used predominantly simplified characters since the 1990s. In high school, Chinese is one of the selective subjects. By the regulation of the national curricula standards, 4146:

A character that is already explicitly listed as simplified character in the "Complete List of Simplified Characters" cannot be alternatively simplified based on derivation. For instance,

5531:

In general, schools in mainland China, Malaysia and Singapore use simplified characters exclusively, while schools in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan use traditional characters exclusively.

905:(PRC) to promote literacy, and their use in ordinary circumstances on the mainland has been encouraged by the Chinese government since the 1950s. They are the official forms used in 5468:

encoding. Mainland companies selling products in Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan use traditional characters in order to communicate with consumers; the inverse is equally true as well.

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Today, simplified Chinese characters predominate among college and university programs teaching Chinese as a foreign language outside of China, such as those in the United States.

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Then amongst the chosen variants, those that appear in the "Complete List of Simplified Characters" are also simplified in character structure accordingly. Some examples follow:

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was an outspoken critic of the simplification of Chinese characters. He wrote a dedicated column entitled "Simplified Characters are Unreasonable" in the Chinese edition of the

980:

The Chinese government has never officially announced the completion of the simplification process after the bulk of characters were introduced by the 1960s. In the wake of the

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In font filenames and descriptions, the acronym SC is used to signify the use of simplified Chinese characters to differentiate fonts that use TC for traditional characters.

11163: 6618:[City Education Committee Rejects Commissar of The Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference to Popularize the Traditional Character Teaching Suggestion]. 6573:

For programs in teaching and learning Chinese as FL outside China, the simplified version has gradually gained ground and become the first choice because of student demand…

6164:[Notice of the State Council on Promulgating the "Common Standard Chinese Characters Table"] (in Chinese). Government of the People's Republic of China. 2013-08-19. 11708: 4119:. Even in rare cases where a Chart 1 character is found as a component in a compound character, the compound character cannot be simplified in the same way. For instance, 2508:

adopted the 1986 mainland China revisions. Unlike in mainland China, Singapore parents have the option of registering their children's names in traditional characters.

2511:

Malaysia also promulgated a set of simplified characters in 1981, though completely identical to the mainland Chinese set. They are used in Chinese-language schools.

6877:. Translated by Gilbert L. Mattos; Norman, Jerry. Berkeley: Society for the Study of Early China and The Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California. 11670: 5880: 5804: 1333: 12410: 11192: 5543: 1265: 1539: 2399:

comprising the majority of the first round. With the rescission of the second round, work toward further character simplification largely came to an end.

12217: 12207: 5390:

appear in Chart 1, they are not defined as derived characters. There are therefore no characters or components found in Chart 2 usable for derivation of

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in compound characters, systematically simplify compound characters in exactly the same way the Chart 2 character itself was simplified. For instance,

2671: 2457: 996: 500: 296: 12212: 11971: 11519: 7573: 7057: 5485:

set, such as Big5. In Hong Kong, as well as elsewhere, it is common for people to use both sets, due to the ease of conversion between the two sets.

301: 12126: 8003: 7993: 7568: 2630: 2370: 4057:

in Chart 2 are never used alone as individual characters. They only serve as components. Example of derived simplification based on the component

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Recent commentators have echoed some contemporary claims that Chinese characters were blamed for the economic problems in China during that time.

7983: 7973: 7563: 7558: 7553: 5858: 6130: 5609: 2272: 85: 40: 5753:

3.0. As such, GB 18030 encoding contains both simplified and traditional characters found in Big-5 and GB, as well as all characters found in

2414:. It was identical to the 1964 list save for 6 changes—including the restoration of 3 characters that had been simplified in the first round: 9699: 7988: 6209: 6051: 5749:

as the official encoding standard for use in all mainland software publications. The encoding contains all East Asian characters included in

2580: 2410: 2389: 2329:, one of the most prominent Chinese authors of the 20th century, stated that "if Chinese characters are not destroyed, then China will die" ( 1321: 1276: 291: 286: 6948:(in English and Chinese). Translated by Zhang Liqing (张立青). Columbus: National East Asian Languages Resource Center, Ohio State University. 6637: 132: 6085: 2479: 1500: 1257: 991: 104: 12293: 11531: 7132: 6788: 6613: 1650:

across the recently conquered parts of the empire is generally seen as being the first real attempt at script reform in Chinese history.

6423: 6017: 10920: 6672: 5180:, which is used in many simplified characters. While there is an observable pattern involving the replacement of 𦰩 with 又 as seen in 9731: 111: 972:. By systematically simplifying radicals, large swaths of the character set are altered. Some simplifications were based on popular 11495: 11483: 1532: 11507: 10999: 5863: 2355: 281: 6724:

Internationalization Best Practices: Specifying Language in XHTML & HTML Content – W3C Working Group Note 12 April 2007

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formally proposed the use of simplified characters in education for the first time. Over the following years—marked by the 1911

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Before the 20th century, variation in character shape on the part of scribes, which would continue with the later invention of

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Since simplified Chinese conflated many characters into one and since the initial version of the GB encoding scheme, known as

11830: 10801: 7050: 6953: 6928: 6901: 6882: 6860: 6841: 6819: 6782: 6594: 6566: 6193: 2395: 1867: 985: 9370: 12641: 6500: 1284: 2444:

in regions using traditional characters. The Chinese government stated that it wished to keep Chinese orthography stable.

1610:, the broadest trend in the evolution of Chinese characters over their history has been simplification, both in graphical 100: 12483: 8807: 7119: 5718: 2503:, eventually arriving at the same set of simplified characters as mainland China. The first round was promulgated by the 2469:

less common characters. In 2009, the Chinese government published a major revision to the list which included a total of

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Not all characters standardised in the simplified set consist of fewer strokes. For instance, the traditional character

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as a language attribute value and Content-Language value to specify web-page content in simplified Chinese characters.

5565: 5288:(not simplified), an inconsistency arises. This is due to the fact that in the Complete List of Simplified Characters, 2592:

Chart 1 lists all 350 characters that are used by themselves, and can never serve as 'simplified character components'.

2265: 1887: 46: 7030: 10569: 10555: 10525: 9664: 7000: 6981: 6533: 6319: 5635: 2560: 2504: 2290: 231: 213: 151: 54: 5690:

Taiwan-oriented schools are starting to teach simplified Chinese and pinyin to offer a more well-rounded education.

5617: 195: 12962: 10787: 9504: 8901: 7043: 5174:

A commonly cited example of the irregularity of simplification involves characters that share the "hand" component

3336: 2535: 1413: 1373: 1176: 7348: 1821:(202 BC – 220 AD) that inherited the Qin administration coincided with the perfection of 12563: 9227: 8488: 5754: 4867:

In some instances, the chosen variant is actually more complex than eliminated ones. An example is the character

2146: 1872: 482: 11270: 10913: 10794: 9360: 8999: 5613: 2636:

character—usually the simplest—is elevated to the standard character set, and the rest are obsoleted. By 1993,

2380:), which included standard printed forms for 6196 characters, including all of the forms from the 1956 scheme. 2159: 832: 720: 652: 538: 180: 89: 1205: 12879: 12333: 9469: 8052: 5710: 5577: 2258: 902: 8331: 6601:

Most contemporary Chinese language programs at U.S. colleges and universities emphasize the simplified form.

12938: 12849: 12373: 10780: 10759: 8047: 7822: 7338: 7114: 2500: 1723: 1700: 1183: 929: 125: 4928:, with 12 strokes, which is a variant character. Such characters do not constitute simplified characters. 496: 492: 12854: 12726: 12651: 12308: 10660: 10639: 9319: 9314: 9009: 8911: 7433: 7124: 6179: 5906: 5722: 2120: 2053: 1911: 1084: 2640:

variants were declared obsolete by this list. Among the chosen variants, those that appear in the 1986

12896: 12869: 12746: 12658: 12405: 12385: 10727: 9324: 8891: 8304: 7365: 6558: 5993: 5977: 5927:

derivation of Chart 3, but those chosen in "Series One Organization List of Variant Characters" cannot.

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remain major proponents of the usage of traditional characters. Some private universities, such as the

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lists 8,105 characters, including a few revised forms, and was implemented for official use by China's

973: 187: 8057: 7375: 12448: 11146: 10906: 8977: 8699: 8252: 7839: 5885: 5785: 2087: 2021: 1998: 1732:

form of the word for 'bright', but some scribes ignored this and continued to write the character as

1188: 1025: 1013: 933: 6507:

A Comparative Study of the Revision of Simplified Chinese Characters Proposed by Singapore and China

6138: 5422:('Long live the invincible Mao Zedong Thought!') written using simplified characters on 977:

simplification and are thus identical between the traditional and simplified Chinese orthographies.

12822: 12807: 12797: 12511: 10477: 10463: 9768: 8351: 8154: 7370: 5598: 5444: 10082: 7498: 6215: 6064: 5713:

use simplified characters in their teaching materials. On the other hand, private schools such as

12834: 11073: 10766: 9794: 8751: 8428: 8407: 8287: 8267: 8099: 7770: 7674: 7151: 7109: 7066: 6650: 5714: 5602: 2333:). During the 1930s and 1940s, discussions regarding simplification took place within the ruling 2043: 1877: 1792: 191: 78: 12827: 12676: 6098: 5764:

Unicode deals with the issue of simplified and traditional characters as part of the project of

12768: 12611: 11209: 9484: 8423: 8413: 8346: 7856: 7289: 7016: 6769: 1343: 1328: 1244: 898: 478: 414: 6623: 6480:] (in Chinese). Central People's Government of the People's Republic of China. 5 June 2013 1795:, with his chief chronicler having " fifteen chapters describing" what is referred to as the " 12763: 12686: 12400: 12378: 11133: 10966: 10868: 10773: 10562: 10511: 9971: 9893: 9657: 9596: 9581: 9150: 9029: 8771: 8731: 8463: 8139: 7323: 7311: 7284: 7269: 6438: 6027: 5758: 2115: 1906: 1316: 1145: 1107: 1062: 9576: 8781: 12531: 12499: 12328: 11453: 10948: 10632: 10383: 10060: 9556: 9211: 9175: 8580: 8503: 8336: 8084: 8074: 7913: 7896: 7212: 6719: 6680: 2026: 1842: 6896:. Studies in Written Language and Literacy. Vol. 14 (Rev. ed.). John Benjamins. 2345:. However, fierce opposition within the KMT resulted in the list being rescinded in 1936. 936:, or an apparent streamlining of which strokes are chosen in what places—for example, the 545: 529: 8: 12775: 12741: 12576: 12543: 12390: 12318: 12235: 12076: 12071: 11825: 11635: 11141: 9459: 9355: 9077: 8600: 7306: 5703: 5555:

they may sometimes adopt a hybrid written form in informal settings to speed up writing.

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simplified and unsimplified characters. Of these, half were also included in the revised

2311: 2310:, followed by growing social and political discontent that further erupted into the 1919 1926: 1477: 1472: 1127: 981: 439: 434: 7622: 6471: 6159: 12891: 12758: 12721: 12606: 12504: 12438: 12433: 12323: 12313: 11939: 11917: 11810: 11618: 11613: 11536: 11524: 11512: 11500: 11488: 11012: 10618: 10595: 10229: 10118: 10108: 10000: 9943: 9929: 9886: 9591: 9474: 9309: 9201: 9160: 9114: 9109: 9004: 8986: 8654: 8585: 8550: 8498: 8311: 8299: 7710: 7632: 7533: 7088: 6188:] (in Chinese) (3rd ed.). Beijing: Foreign Language and Teaching Press. 2014. 5952: 5542:

In December 2004, Ministry of Education authorities rejected a proposal from a Beijing

2033: 1973: 1944: 1921: 1882: 1715: 1654: 1079: 1005: 890: 868: 860: 688: 680: 372: 9851: 9509: 901:. Their mass standardization during the 20th century was part of an initiative by the 12802: 12792: 12671: 12636: 12491: 12443: 12395: 12162: 12015: 11949: 11805: 11790: 11461: 11438: 11392: 11317: 11243: 11123: 11091: 11045: 10984: 10974: 10939: 10741: 10734: 10470: 10456: 10368: 10257: 10167: 10146: 10125: 10053: 9985: 9844: 9802: 9754: 9489: 9479: 9124: 9119: 9024: 9019: 8926: 8881: 8704: 8684: 8674: 8664: 8659: 8595: 8590: 8518: 8453: 8438: 8388: 8383: 8326: 8262: 8220: 8062: 7948: 7871: 7387: 7382: 7259: 7020: 6996: 6977: 6949: 6924: 6897: 6878: 6856: 6837: 6815: 6808: 6778: 6590: 6562: 6315: 6189: 5450: 2693:

All characters simplified this way are enumerated in Chart 1 and Chart 2 in the 1986

2338: 2303: 2064: 1963: 1916: 1813: 1781: 1719: 1647: 1137: 1102: 1097: 816: 808: 636: 628: 377: 6525: 12908: 12428: 12303: 12167: 12157: 12142: 12088: 12010: 11961: 11922: 11871: 11785: 11737: 11721: 11601: 11561: 11556: 11443: 11397: 11343: 11338: 11328: 11322: 11151: 11096: 11081: 10957: 10929: 10875: 10813: 10706: 10667: 10653: 10611: 10486: 10432: 10413: 10347: 10339: 10325: 10318: 10243: 10039: 10014: 9950: 9922: 9837: 9823: 9740: 9713: 9650: 9561: 9464: 9286: 9129: 8756: 8736: 8726: 8721: 8605: 8361: 8294: 8282: 8247: 8242: 8225: 8164: 8129: 8089: 7891: 7886: 7834: 7785: 7669: 7603: 7543: 7493: 7438: 7355: 7333: 7318: 7264: 7254: 7188: 6916: 2107: 2102: 1968: 894: 743: 563: 354: 10713: 9908: 9534: 9185: 8555: 5709:

Public universities such as the Linguistics and Asian Languages Department of the

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is defined as a 'simplified character component' according to the standard, while

1439: 12859: 12839: 12736: 12696: 12681: 12420: 12270: 12260: 12240: 12197: 12192: 12058: 12022: 12005: 11995: 11934: 11752: 11688: 11630: 11578: 11573: 11475: 11371: 11366: 11275: 11222: 11217: 11197: 11182: 11177: 11118: 11113: 11103: 11086: 11058: 11030: 11007: 10699: 10391: 10332: 10278: 10271: 10250: 10236: 10220: 10198: 10153: 10046: 10021: 9993: 9978: 9901: 9879: 9872: 9830: 9790: 9761: 9449: 9419: 9242: 9165: 8931: 8861: 8766: 8714: 8694: 8630: 8620: 8610: 8575: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8443: 8398: 8393: 8277: 8272: 8119: 8109: 7963: 7928: 7923: 7903: 7797: 7755: 7695: 7578: 7548: 7458: 7418: 7360: 7294: 7274: 7222: 7205: 7193: 5836: 5815: 5765: 1861: 1822: 1796: 1294: 1117: 1035: 794: 614: 382: 8896: 8079: 2578:

All characters simplified this way are enumerated in Charts 1 and 2 of the 1986

1365: 12913: 12903: 12874: 12864: 12581: 12553: 12265: 12250: 12152: 12103: 12098: 12083: 12027: 11966: 11848: 11820: 11800: 11747: 11716: 11693: 11683: 11678: 11640: 11623: 11568: 11433: 11415: 11333: 11307: 11248: 11168: 11156: 11108: 11063: 11053: 10979: 10836: 10720: 10604: 10584: 10493: 10361: 10292: 10191: 10139: 10132: 9964: 9957: 9936: 9915: 9816: 9809: 9616: 9571: 9499: 9494: 9345: 9329: 9304: 9247: 9237: 9232: 9072: 8946: 8906: 8876: 8822: 8817: 8812: 8786: 8761: 8709: 8649: 8615: 8565: 8513: 8478: 8433: 8403: 8356: 8316: 8215: 8169: 8124: 8042: 7978: 7933: 7918: 7881: 7861: 7829: 7817: 7765: 7760: 7750: 7740: 7735: 7652: 7637: 7627: 7593: 7583: 7528: 7513: 7478: 7328: 7232: 7180: 7070: 6829: 2666: 2092: 2016: 1726:

that had politically unified the country for the first time. Li prescribed the

1464: 1226: 1155: 1132: 906: 778: 598: 387: 12284: 9046: 1050: 424: 12951: 12714: 12526: 12521: 12093: 12037: 12032: 12000: 11987: 11863: 11815: 11742: 11698: 11588: 11425: 11348: 11187: 11035: 11022: 10843: 10692: 10625: 10548: 10518: 10376: 10354: 10285: 10181: 10160: 10007: 9865: 9783: 9776: 9747: 9706: 9621: 9611: 9606: 9393: 9087: 8746: 8689: 8341: 8114: 7998: 7953: 7908: 7876: 7725: 7642: 7615: 7588: 7518: 7503: 7488: 7443: 7200: 6938: 6737: 6272: 5910:

defines the term as "Chinese characters that have undergone simplification" (

5512: 4170:

respectively, thus they cannot be simplified alternatively by derivation via

2342: 2315: 2244: 2219: 1834: 1801: 928:

Simplification of a component—either a character or a sub-component called a

7662: 6701: 5662:

Cantonese courses). In Australia and New Zealand, schools, universities and

12586: 12536: 11912: 11795: 11768: 11312: 11302: 10299: 10264: 10205: 9692: 9454: 9350: 9263: 9155: 9056: 8866: 8679: 8644: 8625: 8560: 8448: 8210: 8134: 7943: 7938: 7849: 7844: 7780: 7720: 7700: 7657: 7647: 7598: 7483: 7463: 7453: 7301: 7279: 7237: 7035: 5850: 5789: 5734: 2307: 2224: 1193: 750: 570: 8508: 6642:[Debate: A Need to Introduce Traditional Characters to Schools?]. 6555:

Teaching and Learning Chinese as a Foreign Language: A Pedagogical Grammar

12731: 12705: 12601: 12571: 12548: 12516: 12255: 12245: 12049: 11944: 11929: 11892: 11840: 11661: 11652: 11548: 11387: 11262: 10989: 10882: 10646: 10577: 9858: 9549: 9409: 9170: 9014: 8871: 8776: 8545: 8473: 8458: 8366: 8159: 8069: 7968: 7958: 7812: 7775: 7730: 7715: 7690: 7610: 7538: 7523: 7227: 6913:

Chinese Grammatology: Script Revolution and Literary Modernity, 1916–1958

6771:

Long Story of Short Forms: The Evolution of Simplified Chinese Characters

6540:

Review and Prospect of Standardization of Chinese Characters in Singapore

5699: 5678: 5649:

mainland China, so their obvious choice is to use simplified characters.

5423: 5324:

as a derived character in the non-exhaustive list in Chart 3. Therefore,

2239: 2139: 1892: 1818: 1776: 1658: 1643: 1557:

In Chinese, simplified characters are referred to by their official name

1092: 266: 5498:, the first character in the name "Taiwan", rivalling the orthodox form 1349: 12147: 12121: 11887: 11853: 11358: 11285: 9539: 9514: 9082: 8525: 8015: 8010: 7866: 7807: 7448: 6777:. Stockholm East Asian Monographs. Vol. 11. Stockholm University. 5494:

simplified forms predating the 20th century are in common use, such as

4937: 2654: 2360: 2334: 2234: 2184: 1983: 1661:(221–206 BC) the character meaning 'bright' was written as either 1392: 1217: 1210: 961: 943: 7026:

Stroke Order Animation and Dictionary of Simplified Chinese Characters

6920: 5464:

have traditional character versions of their website available, using

2483:

was published as a revision of the 1988 lists; it included a total of

12596: 12347: 12338: 12066: 11956: 11608: 11596: 11407: 11238: 10850: 10829: 10822: 9601: 9438: 9134: 9101: 8936: 8827: 8376: 8104: 8020: 7745: 6870: 6287: 5874: 5810: 5788:(W3C)'s Internationalization working group recommends the use of the 5515:

and coffee shops continue to be written with traditional characters.

2496: 2299: 2204: 2189: 1993: 1988: 1978: 1955: 1624:), the "external appearances of individual graphs", and in graphical 1607: 914: 910: 825: 645: 459: 344: 254: 9544: 6853:

The Chinese Writing System in Asia: An Interdisciplinary Perspective

5587: 198:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed. 67: 12886: 12472: 12113: 11294: 10898: 9566: 9529: 9524: 9404: 9365: 9206: 8965: 8850: 8741: 8483: 8371: 8321: 8192: 7705: 7508: 7468: 7249: 7242: 7093: 5830: 5746: 5523:

characters are seldom used, typically only for stylistic purposes.

3961:

Based on 132 characters and 14 components listed in Chart 2 of the

2353:

Work throughout the 1950s resulted in the 1956 promulgation of the

1492: 1453: 1446: 1150: 846: 764: 666: 584: 488: 444: 12918: 9586: 1487: 12785: 12465: 12352: 12181: 11777: 9673: 9180: 9051: 8941: 8916: 8802: 8639: 8493: 8468: 8237: 8144: 7792: 7406: 7217: 6276: 5922: 5920: 5868: 5750: 5742: 2319: 2229: 2214: 2199: 2194: 1949: 12844: 12646: 10674: 8418: 8230: 8149: 8094: 7802: 7473: 7025: 6430: 5460: 2326: 2209: 2179: 1827: 1382: 922: 5917: 4015:. Based on the same principle, these derivations can be made: 3464:

Replacing entirely with a newly coined phono-semantic compound

12357: 9041: 9036: 8886: 8669: 8570: 8257: 7168: 6400: 5682: 2383: 1704: 1045: 1040: 918: 429: 419: 340: 2600: 2534:

may be in need of reorganization to comply with Knowledge's

2348: 2285: 932:—usually involves either a reduction in its total number of 9519: 9414: 6513: 5663: 5465: 2289:

Excerpt of initial 1935 simplifications promulgated by the

1432: 3986:(a traditional radical) considered a component, but so is 1835:

Late Qing literature and Republican-era reform (1850–1949)

7021:

Proposal to Encode Obsolete Simplified Chinese Characters

6943:

The Historical Evolution of Chinese Languages and Scripts

4246: 4071: 865: 851: 837: 685: 671: 657: 2449:

Chart of Generally Utilized Characters of Modern Chinese

2293:

Department of Education in 1935, later retracted in 1936

6388: 6376: 6364: 6340: 6328: 5881:

Differences between Shinjitai and Simplified characters

5805:

Debate on traditional and simplified Chinese characters

5043:

The traditional "Break" stroke becomes the "Dot" stroke

2644:

are also simplified in character structure accordingly.

3186:

Omitting components, then applying further alterations

1799:". The traditional narrative, as also attested in the 1766: 1760: 1752: 1745: 1739: 1733: 1727: 1693: 1684: 1675: 1668: 1662: 913:, while traditional characters are officially used in 6894:

Writing and Literacy in Chinese, Korean, and Japanese

6452: 6312:

Calligraphy and Power in Contemporary Chinese Society

813: 799: 783: 769: 755: 633: 619: 603: 589: 575: 6352: 6253: 6241: 6229: 5826: 5558: 4751:

The chosen variant was already simplified in Chart 1

4649:

Ancient variants with simple structure are preferred

2952:

Replacing a component with a simple arbitrary symbol

487:. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see 3900:

Copying and modifying another traditional character

2501:

three successive rounds of character simplification

1646:(221–206 BC) to universalize the use of their 92:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 7031:Simplified to Traditional Chinese Conversion Table 6807: 6742:[Simplified Characters Are Unreasonable]. 5544:Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference 4942:The new standardized character forms shown in the 2672:List of Commonly Used Characters in Modern Chinese 2626:Series One Organization List of Variant Characters 2458:List of Commonly Used Characters in Modern Chinese 1744:was followed by proliferation of a third variant: 6124: 6122: 4887:with three strokes on the left of the eliminated 4873:which is eliminated in favor of the variant form 12949: 6214:(in Chinese). Xinhua. 2008-06-03. Archived from 6131:"China to Regulate Use of Simplified Characters" 5653:students often recommend learning both systems. 5571: 5454:are printed in traditional characters, and both 4115:Chart 1 collects 352 simplified characters that 3255:Structural changes that preserve the basic shape 501:IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters 6279:(1916). "The problem of the Chinese language". 5859:Ambiguities in Chinese character simplification 1759:on the left—likely derived as a contraction of 6119: 5568:or Cantonese as an elective course at school. 4893:is now seen as more complex, appearing as the 4208:, thus it cannot be alternatively derived via 2688: 2545:to make improvements to the overall structure. 1780:(111 AD) describes an earlier attempt made by 10914: 9658: 7051: 6111: 5971: 5397: 5391: 5385: 5379: 5373: 5367: 5361: 5355: 5349: 5343: 5337: 5331: 5325: 5319: 5313: 5307: 5301: 5295: 5289: 5283: 5277: 5271: 5265: 5259: 5253: 5247: 5241: 5235: 5229: 5223: 5217: 5211: 5205: 5199: 5193: 5187: 5181: 5175: 5161: 5155: 5149: 5143: 5133: 5127: 5117: 5111: 5105: 5099: 5089: 5083: 5077: 5067: 5061: 5055: 5049: 5034: 5028: 5022: 5016: 5006: 5000: 4990: 4984: 4978: 4972: 4962: 4956: 4923: 4917: 4908: 4902: 4888: 4874: 4868: 4859: 4853: 4847: 4841: 4835: 4829: 4823: 4817: 4811: 4805: 4799: 4793: 4787: 4781: 4775: 4769: 4763: 4757: 4742: 4736: 4730: 4724: 4718: 4712: 4706: 4700: 4685: 4679: 4673: 4667: 4661: 4655: 4640: 4634: 4628: 4622: 4616: 4610: 4604: 4598: 4592: 4586: 4580: 4574: 4550: 4544: 4538: 4532: 4526: 4520: 4514: 4508: 4501: 4495: 4489: 4483: 4477: 4471: 4465: 4459: 4453: 4447: 4440: 4434: 4428: 4422: 4416: 4410: 4404: 4398: 4391: 4385: 4379: 4373: 4367: 4361: 4355: 4349: 4343: 4337: 4330: 4324: 4318: 4312: 4306: 4300: 4294: 4288: 4281: 4275: 4269: 4263: 4257: 4251: 4239: 4233: 4215: 4209: 4203: 4197: 4191: 4183: 4177: 4171: 4165: 4159: 4153: 4147: 4138: 4132: 4126: 4120: 4106: 4100: 4094: 4088: 4082: 4076: 4064: 4058: 4046: 4040: 4034: 4028: 4022: 4016: 4010: 4004: 3987: 3981: 3975: 3948: 3942: 3936: 3930: 3924: 3918: 3912: 3906: 3891: 3885: 3879: 3873: 3867: 3861: 3855:Readopting abandoned phonetic-loan characters 3846: 3840: 3834: 3828: 3822: 3816: 3810: 3804: 3798: 3792: 3777: 3771: 3765: 3759: 3753: 3747: 3741: 3735: 3729: 3723: 3717: 3711: 3705: 3699: 3693: 3687: 3681: 3675: 3660: 3654: 3648: 3642: 3636: 3630: 3624: 3618: 3612: 3606: 3600: 3594: 3580: 3574: 3568: 3562: 3556: 3550: 3544: 3538: 3532: 3526: 3512: 3506: 3500: 3494: 3488: 3482: 3476: 3470: 3455: 3449: 3443: 3437: 3431: 3425: 3419: 3413: 3398: 3392: 3386: 3380: 3374: 3368: 3362: 3356: 3350: 3344: 3326: 3320: 3314: 3308: 3302: 3296: 3290: 3284: 3278: 3272: 3266: 3260: 3246: 3240: 3234: 3228: 3222: 3216: 3210: 3204: 3198: 3192: 3177: 3171: 3165: 3159: 3153: 3147: 3141: 3135: 3129: 3123: 3117: 3111: 3105: 3099: 3093: 3087: 3081: 3075: 3069: 3063: 3048: 3042: 3036: 3030: 3024: 3018: 3012: 3006: 3000: 2994: 2988: 2982: 2976: 2970: 2961: 2955: 2943: 2937: 2931: 2925: 2919: 2913: 2907: 2901: 2895: 2889: 2883: 2877: 2871: 2865: 2859: 2853: 2847: 2841: 2835: 2829: 2823: 2817: 2811: 2805: 2799: 2793: 2787: 2781: 2775: 2769: 2760: 2748: 2742: 2736: 2730: 2724: 2718: 2712: 2706: 2581:General List of Simplified Chinese Characters 2439: 2433: 2427: 2421: 2415: 2411:General List of Simplified Chinese Characters 2390:Second round of simplified Chinese characters 2366:List of Commonly Used Characters for Printing 2266: 1533: 967: 949: 725: 711: 543: 527: 12713: 7065: 6891: 6814:(4th ed.). Cambridge University Press. 6810:Modern Chinese: History and Sociolinguistics 6587:Introduction to Classical Chinese Philosophy 6519: 6478:Table of General Standard Chinese Characters 5502:even in publications and academic contexts. 4558: 2573: 2480:Table of General Standard Chinese Characters 1657:, was ubiquitous. For example, prior to the 992:Table of General Standard Chinese Characters 6720:Best Practice 13: Using Hans and Hant codes 6046: 6044: 5616:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 4907:, with four strokes, in the chosen variant 2669:forms for most of its characters. The 1988 55:Learn how and when to remove these messages 12934: 12704: 10921: 10907: 9665: 9651: 7058: 7044: 6892:Taylor, Insup; Taylor, M. Martin (2014) . 2619: 2384:Second round of simplification (1977–1986) 2273: 2259: 1718:of Qin, attempted to universalize the Qin 1540: 1526: 948:radical used in the traditional character 6828: 5666:use predominantly simplified characters. 5636:Learn how and when to remove this message 3956: 2601:Derivation based on simplified components 2561:Learn how and when to remove this message 2491: 2349:First round of simplification (1949–1977) 232:Learn how and when to remove this message 214:Learn how and when to remove this message 152:Learn how and when to remove this message 6834:Nationalism and language reform in China 6649:(in Chinese). 2008-03-14. Archived from 6622:(in Chinese). 2004-12-08. Archived from 6546: 6437:(in Chinese). 2009-08-24. Archived from 6097:(in Chinese). 2009-04-09. Archived from 6063:(in Chinese). 2009-04-09. Archived from 6041: 5413: 3669:Replacing with ancient forms or variants 3407:Replacing an uncommon phonetic component 2363:in 1958. In 1965, the PRC published the 2284: 12629: 6970: 6476:[State Council Announcement of the 6129:Wu, Jing; Guo, Likun (12 August 2009). 5864:Chinese Character Simplification Scheme 4568:Sample reduction of equivalent variants 2356:Chinese Character Simplification Scheme 470:, Han (Simplified variant) 12950: 6767: 6584: 6358: 6346: 6271: 6259: 6247: 4117:generally cannot be used as components 1791:) to unify character forms across the 1771:became the character's standard form. 867: 815: 687: 635: 16:Standardized set of Chinese characters 10902: 10802:American Printing House for the Blind 10578:International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) 10230:Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali) 9646: 9436: 9391: 9284: 8963: 8848: 8190: 7404: 7166: 7149: 7039: 6910: 6297: 6128: 5728: 4922:, with 11 strokes is standardised as 2396:second round of simplified characters 986:second round of simplified characters 10928: 9285: 6990: 6937: 6805: 6552: 6410: 6406: 6394: 6382: 6370: 6334: 6293: 5614:adding citations to reliable sources 5581: 4694:Simpler vulgar forms are also chosen 3335:Replacing the phonetic component of 2518: 2039:Simplification of Chinese characters 1285:Standard Form of National Characters 491:. For the distinction between , 330:Top-to-bottom, columns right-to-left 163: 90:adding citations to reliable sources 61: 20: 9672: 6869: 6309: 6303: 6235: 6202: 5733:In computer text applications, the 5693: 5537: 2451:was published in 1988 and included 1900:Eastward spread of Western learning 1606:According to Chinese palaeographer 13: 9392: 6976:. New York: New American Library. 6964: 6850: 6670: 6458: 6116:, 2009-04-09. Accessed 2009.04.10. 5725:, also use simplified characters. 5169: 1888:Constitutional Protection Movement 1738:. However, the increased usage of 14: 12974: 7010: 5779: 5559:Singapore, Malaysia and Indonesia 5505: 5434: 2058:Translation of foreign literature 2044:Romanization of Chinese languages 966:to form the simplified character 36:This article has multiple issues. 12933: 12411:Literary and colloquial readings 12283: 6673:"School Bridges China-Japan Gap" 6531: 6498: 5843: 5829: 5773:files are needed for each type. 5586: 4931: 4245: 4070: 3786:Adopting ancient vulgar variants 2655:New standardized character forms 2523: 1374:Literary and colloquial readings 1012: 253: 168: 66: 25: 9437: 6794:from the original on 2021-12-02 6735: 6729: 6712: 6694: 6664: 6630: 6606: 6578: 6492: 6464: 6416: 6265: 5792: 5526: 5409: 4894: 4880: 2701:Merging homophonous characters: 2049:Writing with vernacular Chinese 1552: 955: 937: 866: 852: 838: 686: 672: 658: 483:International Phonetic Alphabet 101:"Simplified Chinese characters" 77:needs additional citations for 44:or discuss these issues on the 7131:Languages by writing system / 6760: 6671:Co, Emily (23 December 2008). 6168: 6152: 6078: 6010: 5965: 5945: 5911: 5898: 5549: 5419: 5398: 5392: 5380: 5368: 5356: 5344: 5314: 5302: 5290: 5284: 5278: 5266: 5254: 5242: 5230: 5218: 5206: 5194: 5182: 5156: 5144: 5128: 5112: 5100: 5084: 5078: 5062: 5050: 5029: 5017: 5001: 4985: 4973: 4957: 4889: 4869: 4854: 4848: 4836: 4830: 4818: 4812: 4800: 4794: 4782: 4776: 4764: 4758: 4737: 4725: 4713: 4701: 4680: 4668: 4656: 4623: 4611: 4599: 4587: 4575: 4545: 4533: 4521: 4509: 4496: 4484: 4472: 4460: 4448: 4435: 4423: 4411: 4399: 4386: 4374: 4362: 4350: 4338: 4325: 4313: 4301: 4289: 4276: 4264: 4252: 4234: 4198: 4154: 4148: 4133: 4121: 4101: 4089: 4077: 4059: 4041: 4029: 4017: 4005: 3943: 3931: 3919: 3907: 3892: 3886: 3874: 3862: 3841: 3829: 3817: 3805: 3793: 3772: 3760: 3748: 3736: 3724: 3712: 3700: 3688: 3676: 3655: 3649: 3643: 3637: 3631: 3625: 3619: 3613: 3607: 3595: 3589:Only retaining single radicals 3575: 3563: 3557: 3551: 3539: 3527: 3507: 3495: 3483: 3471: 3450: 3438: 3426: 3414: 3393: 3381: 3369: 3357: 3345: 3321: 3309: 3297: 3285: 3273: 3261: 3241: 3229: 3217: 3205: 3193: 3172: 3160: 3148: 3136: 3124: 3112: 3100: 3088: 3076: 3064: 3043: 3031: 3019: 3007: 2995: 2983: 2971: 2938: 2926: 2914: 2902: 2890: 2878: 2866: 2854: 2842: 2830: 2818: 2806: 2794: 2782: 2770: 2743: 2731: 2719: 2707: 2648: 2514: 2061:Sorting out national heritages 1638: 1633: 1629: 1620: 1573: 1568: 1563: 1558: 1277:Nan Min Recommended Characters 814: 800: 784: 770: 756: 726: 712: 634: 620: 604: 590: 576: 544: 528: 1: 12958:Simplified Chinese characters 10570:Gardner–Salinas braille codes 10526:Gardner–Salinas braille codes 8964: 8849: 8191: 6993:Simplified Chinese Characters 6915:. Columbia University Press. 6585:Norden, Bryan W. Van (2011). 6281:The Chinese Students' Monthly 5934: 5711:University of the Philippines 5578:Chinese as a foreign language 5572:Chinese as a foreign language 4158:are simplified in Chart 1 to 2665:characters. These tend to be 2402: 1806: 1595: 887:Simplified Chinese characters 513:Simplified Chinese characters 12939:List of varieties of Chinese 10781:National Braille Association 10760:Braille Institute of America 10478:Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin) 7405: 6026:(in Chinese). Archived from 5939: 5798: 5672: 5475: 5386: 5374: 5362: 5350: 5338: 5332: 5326: 5320: 5308: 5296: 5272: 5260: 5248: 5236: 5224: 5212: 5200: 5188: 5176: 5162: 5150: 5134: 5118: 5106: 5090: 5068: 5056: 5035: 5023: 5007: 4991: 4979: 4963: 4924: 4918: 4909: 4903: 4875: 4860: 4842: 4824: 4806: 4788: 4770: 4743: 4731: 4719: 4707: 4686: 4674: 4662: 4641: 4635: 4629: 4617: 4605: 4593: 4581: 4551: 4539: 4527: 4515: 4502: 4490: 4478: 4466: 4454: 4441: 4429: 4417: 4405: 4392: 4380: 4368: 4356: 4344: 4331: 4319: 4307: 4295: 4282: 4270: 4258: 4240: 4216: 4210: 4204: 4202:is simplified in Chart 2 to 4192: 4184: 4178: 4172: 4166: 4160: 4139: 4127: 4125:is simplified in Chart 1 to 4107: 4095: 4083: 4065: 4047: 4035: 4023: 4011: 4009:is simplified in Chart 2 to 3988: 3982: 3976: 3949: 3937: 3925: 3913: 3880: 3868: 3847: 3835: 3823: 3811: 3799: 3778: 3766: 3754: 3742: 3730: 3718: 3706: 3694: 3682: 3661: 3601: 3581: 3569: 3545: 3533: 3513: 3501: 3489: 3477: 3456: 3444: 3432: 3420: 3399: 3387: 3375: 3363: 3351: 3327: 3315: 3303: 3291: 3279: 3267: 3247: 3235: 3223: 3211: 3199: 3178: 3166: 3154: 3142: 3130: 3118: 3106: 3094: 3082: 3070: 3049: 3037: 3025: 3013: 3001: 2989: 2977: 2962: 2956: 2944: 2932: 2920: 2908: 2896: 2884: 2872: 2860: 2848: 2836: 2824: 2812: 2800: 2788: 2776: 2749: 2737: 2725: 2713: 1786: 1709: 889:are one of two standardized 476: This article contains 7: 10661:Refreshable braille display 10640:Optical braille recognition 10237:Bengali (Bangla / Assamese) 9769:Chinese (mainland Mandarin) 8912:New Epoch Notation Painting 6553:Xing, Janet Zhiqun (2006). 6186:Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian 5907:Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian 5822: 5723:Ateneo de Manila University 5686:school Chinese curriculum. 5076:The traditional components 3999:in Chart 2, when used as a 2121:League of Left-Wing Writers 1912:Boxer Indemnity Scholarship 1269:(Hong Kong, 2007) 1258:General Standard Characters 194:the claims made and adding 10: 12979: 12897:Taiwanese Phonetic Symbols 10728:Thakur Vishva Narain Singh 7167: 6971:Bergman, Peter M. (1980). 6559:Hong Kong University Press 5802: 5719:Saint Jude Catholic School 5575: 5126:The traditional component 4999:The traditional component 4955:The traditional component 4935: 3057:Omitting entire components 2387: 2054:National Language Movement 1767: 1761: 1753: 1746: 1740: 1734: 1728: 1694: 1685: 1676: 1669: 1663: 1602:Variant Chinese characters 1599: 1590: 1514:Transliteration of Chinese 1071:Neolithic symbols in China 903:People's Republic of China 12931: 12815: 12784: 12695: 12620: 12562: 12482: 12457: 12419: 12366: 12292: 12281: 12228: 12180: 12135: 12112: 12057: 12048: 11986: 11905: 11880: 11862: 11839: 11776: 11767: 11730: 11707: 11669: 11660: 11651: 11587: 11547: 11474: 11452: 11424: 11406: 11380: 11357: 11293: 11284: 11261: 11231: 11208: 11132: 11072: 11044: 11021: 10998: 10965: 10956: 10947: 10936: 10860: 10811: 10751: 10684: 10594: 10540: 10503: 10464:Mainland Chinese Mandarin 10443: 10424: 10405: 10310: 10216: 10177: 10104: 10031: 9730: 9723: 9684: 9642: 9445: 9432: 9400: 9387: 9338: 9297: 9293: 9280: 9256: 9220: 9194: 9143: 9100: 9065: 8985: 8978:Chinese family of scripts 8976: 8972: 8959: 8857: 8844: 8795: 8203: 8199: 8186: 8048:Boyd's syllabic shorthand 8035: 7683: 7426: 7417: 7413: 7400: 7175: 7162: 7158: 7150: 7145: 7133:by first written accounts 7102: 7081: 7077: 6718:Richard Ishida (editor): 6112: 5972: 5961:(in Chinese). 2006-03-22. 5886:Modern Chinese characters 5786:World Wide Web Consortium 5656: 5499: 5495: 5488: 5312:is listed in Chart 2 and 5300:appears in Chart 1 while 4944:Characters for Publishing 4559:Elimination of allographs 2761: 2689:Structural simplification 2657:originated from the 1965 2574:Structural simplification 2440: 2434: 2428: 2422: 2416: 2330: 2088:Doubting Antiquity School 2022:East-west cultural debate 1873:Coronation of Yuan Shikai 1615: 1026:Chinese family of scripts 968: 950: 893:widely used to write the 880: 859: 845: 831: 824: 807: 793: 777: 763: 749: 742: 737: 733: 719: 705: 700: 679: 665: 651: 644: 627: 613: 597: 583: 569: 562: 557: 553: 537: 521: 517: 512: 474: 458: 453: 405: 365: 360: 350: 336: 321: 311: 273: 261: 252: 246: 10451:Chinese semi-syllabaries 9714:Unicode braille patterns 9700:International uniformity 8155:Thomas Natural Shorthand 6945: 6738: 6646: 6638: 6614: 6589:. Hackett. p. 242. 6534: 6520:Taylor & Taylor 2014 6501: 6472: 6434: 6424: 6210: 6180: 6175: 6160: 6094: 6086: 6060: 6052: 6018: 5994:"Unihan data for U+6CA1" 5978:"Unihan data for U+6C92" 5953: 5891: 5445:one country, two systems 5404:Common Modern Characters 4948:Common Modern Characters 4946:and revised through the 4137:cannot be simplified to 3337:phono-semantic compounds 2677:Common Modern Characters 1266:Commonly-Used Characters 721:Traditional Chinese 701:Alternative Chinese name 539:Traditional Chinese 12963:Chinese language reform 10788:Blindness organizations 10767:Braille Without Borders 10556:Canadian currency marks 10178:Egyptian lineage family 9361:Southwest Paleohispanic 6995:. Torrance, CA: Heian. 6806:Chen Ping (陳平) (1999). 5954:教育部就《汉字简化方案》等发布50周年答记者问 5715:Chiang Kai Shek College 2757:Adapting cursive shapes 2659:Characters for Printing 2620:Elimination of variants 2378:Characters for Printing 1878:National Protection War 1825:through the process of 1793:states of ancient China 1722:across China following 1239:Collation and standards 897:, with the other being 707:Simplified Chinese 523:Simplified Chinese 479:phonetic transcriptions 10105:Russian lineage family 9505:Great Lakes Algonquian 8414:Greco-Iberian alphabet 8347:Gabelsberger shorthand 7290:Inscriptional Parthian 6991:Chen, Huoping (1987). 6425:《通用规范汉字表》44个汉字"整形"引发争论 6310:Yen, Yuehping (2005). 6211:书同文 :《汉字简化方案》制订始末 6087:专家称恢复繁体字代价太大新规范汉字表将公布 5566:co-curricular activity 5427: 5240:, when observing that 3957:Simplifying components 2492:Outside mainland China 2465:common characters and 2294: 1691:on the left, with the 1501:Slavonic transcription 1344:Japanese script reform 1329:Traditional characters 899:traditional characters 415:Traditional characters 10869:Accessible publishing 10795:Schools for the blind 10774:Japan Braille Library 10563:Computer Braille Code 10217:Indian lineage family 9597:Old Persian cuneiform 8464:Carolingian minuscule 7270:Ancient North Arabian 6911:Zhong, Yurou (2019). 6836:. New York: Octagon. 6768:Bökset, Roar (2006). 6532:Chia Shih Yar (谢世涯). 6499:Chia Shih Yar (谢世涯). 6024:china-language.gov.cn 5803:Further information: 5576:Further information: 5417: 5282:(not simplified) and 4055:simplified components 3997:simplified characters 2505:Ministry of Education 2318:(1892–1982) and poet 2288: 2116:Crescent Moon Society 1907:Scientific Revolution 1567:, or colloquially as 1317:Simplified characters 10633:Mountbatten Brailler 9988:(largely reassigned) 9771:(largely reassigned) 9320:Southeastern Iberian 9315:Northeastern Iberian 7213:Egyptian hieroglyphs 6296:, pp. 150–153; 6019:关于《通用规范汉字表》公开征求意见的公告 5610:improve this section 5472:Chinese characters. 2027:Total Westernization 1843:New Culture Movement 86:improve this article 10585:Nemeth braille code 10371:(reassigned vowels) 9896:(extended to 8-dot) 9470:Canadian Aboriginal 9356:Khitan small script 9078:Khitan large script 8268:Coorgi–Cox alphabet 6473:国务院关于公布《通用规范汉字表》的通知 6461:, pp. 145–146. 6397:, pp. 196–197. 6385:, pp. 159–160. 6373:, pp. 155–156. 6337:, pp. 150–153. 6161:国务院关于公布《通用规范汉字表》的通知 5704:Confucius Institute 2543:editing the article 2438:is used instead of 2312:May Fourth Movement 2147:The Critical Review 1927:May Fourth Movement 1812:), is that the Qin 1288:(Taiwan, 1982) 1280:(Taiwan, 2009) 982:Cultural Revolution 440:Khitan small script 435:Khitan large script 12892:Cantonese Bopomofo 12759:Chinese characters 12687:Written Sichuanese 11271:Zhangjiakou–Hohhot 10619:Braille translator 10596:Braille technology 10572:(science; GS8/GS6) 10541:Symbols in braille 10471:Taiwanese Mandarin 9986:Taiwanese Mandarin 9592:Nwagu Aneke script 9144:Other logosyllabic 9066:Chinese-influenced 9005:Oracle bone script 8987:Chinese characters 8922:Ojibwe Hieroglyphs 8312:Eclectic shorthand 8300:Duployan shorthand 8253:Caucasian Albanian 8053:Canadian syllabics 7089:History of writing 6615:市教委驳回政协委员普及繁体字教学建议 5735:GB encoding scheme 5729:Use with computers 5428: 4227:Sample Derivations 2461:, which specified 2295: 2133:Major publications 2082:Schools of thought 1922:Russian Revolution 1902: 1883:Manchu Restoration 1864: 1789: 782 BC 1712: 208 BC 1655:woodblock printing 1300:(Japan, 2010) 1006:Chinese characters 392:Simplified Chinese 373:Oracle bone script 247:Simplified Chinese 179:possibly contains 12945: 12944: 12927: 12926: 12754: 12753: 12672:Written Cantonese 12667: 12666: 12449:Classical grammar 12444:Cantonese grammar 12279: 12278: 12176: 12175: 11982: 11981: 11901: 11900: 11763: 11762: 11470: 11469: 11257: 11256: 11147:Chengdu–Chongqing 10940:Sinitic languages 10896: 10895: 10892: 10891: 10814:tactile alphabets 10742:William Bell Wait 10735:Sabriye Tenberken 10536: 10535: 10401: 10400: 10386:(Japanese vowels) 10184:-mediated scripts 10111:-mediated scripts 9638: 9637: 9634: 9633: 9630: 9629: 9490:Ditema tsa Dinoko 9428: 9427: 9383: 9382: 9379: 9378: 9276: 9275: 9272: 9271: 9096: 9095: 8955: 8954: 8840: 8839: 8836: 8835: 8182: 8181: 8178: 8177: 8031: 8030: 7396: 7395: 7383:Teeline Shorthand 7141: 7140: 6955:978-0-87415-349-1 6930:978-0-231-54989-9 6921:10.7312/zhon19262 6903:978-90-272-1794-3 6884:978-1-55729-071-7 6862:978-1-138-90731-7 6843:978-0-374-92095-1 6821:978-0-521-64572-0 6784:978-91-628-6832-1 6706:Google Noto Fonts 6596:978-1-60384-615-8 6568:978-962-209-763-6 6349:, pp. 27–29. 6300:, pp. 27–28. 6238:, pp. 44–45. 6195:978-7-5135-4562-4 5646: 5645: 5638: 5348:is simplified to 5336:is not. Based on 3521:Removing radicals 2571: 2570: 2563: 2536:layout guidelines 2339:Peking University 2306:that toppled the 2304:Xinhai Revolution 2291:Republic of China 2283: 2282: 2070:Education reforms 2065:Feminist movement 1964:Anti-Confucianism 1958: 1917:French Revolution 1898: 1868:Second Revolution 1859: 1814:small seal script 1782:King Xuan of Zhou 1720:small seal script 1648:small seal script 1550: 1549: 1414:Zetian characters 1246:Kangxi Dictionary 954:is simplified to 884: 883: 876: 875: 833:Yale Romanization 744:Standard Mandarin 696: 695: 653:Yale Romanization 564:Standard Mandarin 508: 507: 378:Small seal script 242: 241: 234: 224: 223: 216: 181:original research 162: 161: 154: 136: 59: 12970: 12937: 12936: 12909:Taiwanese Hangul 12798:Mainland Chinese 12711: 12710: 12702: 12701: 12627: 12626: 12304:Standard Chinese 12287: 12055: 12054: 11774: 11773: 11667: 11666: 11658: 11657: 11540: 11528: 11516: 11504: 11492: 11291: 11290: 10963: 10962: 10954: 10953: 10930:Chinese language 10923: 10916: 10909: 10900: 10899: 10885: 10878: 10876:Braille literacy 10871: 10853: 10846: 10839: 10832: 10825: 10804: 10797: 10790: 10783: 10776: 10769: 10762: 10744: 10737: 10730: 10723: 10716: 10709: 10702: 10695: 10677: 10670: 10668:Slate and stylus 10663: 10656: 10654:Perkins Brailler 10649: 10642: 10635: 10628: 10621: 10614: 10612:Braille embosser 10607: 10587: 10580: 10573: 10565: 10558: 10551: 10529: 10521: 10514: 10496: 10489: 10480: 10473: 10466: 10459: 10452: 10436: 10433:American Braille 10417: 10414:Algerian Braille 10394: 10387: 10379: 10372: 10364: 10357: 10350: 10343: 10335: 10328: 10321: 10303: 10295: 10288: 10281: 10274: 10267: 10260: 10253: 10246: 10239: 10232: 10209: 10201: 10194: 10170: 10163: 10156: 10149: 10142: 10135: 10128: 10121: 10095: 10090: 10085: 10078: 10073: 10068: 10063: 10056: 10049: 10042: 10029: 10028: 10024: 10017: 10010: 10003: 9996: 9989: 9981: 9974: 9967: 9960: 9953: 9946: 9939: 9932: 9925: 9918: 9911: 9904: 9897: 9889: 9882: 9875: 9868: 9861: 9854: 9847: 9840: 9833: 9826: 9819: 9812: 9805: 9798: 9786: 9779: 9772: 9764: 9757: 9750: 9743: 9728: 9727: 9716: 9709: 9702: 9695: 9678: 9667: 9660: 9653: 9644: 9643: 9434: 9433: 9389: 9388: 9295: 9294: 9287:Semi-syllabaries 9282: 9281: 8983: 8982: 8974: 8973: 8961: 8960: 8846: 8845: 8201: 8200: 8188: 8187: 8090:Japanese Braille 7675:Zanabazar square 7544:Nepalese scripts 7434:Bengali–Assamese 7424: 7423: 7415: 7414: 7402: 7401: 7319:Pitman shorthand 7164: 7163: 7160: 7159: 7147: 7146: 7079: 7078: 7060: 7053: 7046: 7037: 7036: 7006: 6987: 6959: 6934: 6907: 6888: 6866: 6847: 6825: 6813: 6802: 6800: 6799: 6793: 6776: 6755: 6754: 6752: 6751: 6733: 6727: 6716: 6710: 6709: 6698: 6692: 6691: 6689: 6688: 6679:. Archived from 6668: 6662: 6661: 6659: 6658: 6639:争鸣：繁体字教育进校园有必要吗？ 6634: 6628: 6627: 6610: 6604: 6603: 6582: 6576: 6575: 6550: 6544: 6543: 6529: 6523: 6517: 6511: 6510: 6496: 6490: 6489: 6487: 6485: 6468: 6462: 6456: 6450: 6449: 6447: 6446: 6420: 6414: 6404: 6398: 6392: 6386: 6380: 6374: 6368: 6362: 6356: 6350: 6344: 6338: 6332: 6326: 6325: 6307: 6301: 6291: 6285: 6284: 6269: 6263: 6257: 6251: 6245: 6239: 6233: 6227: 6226: 6224: 6223: 6206: 6200: 6199: 6172: 6166: 6165: 6156: 6150: 6149: 6147: 6146: 6137:. Archived from 6126: 6117: 6115: 6114: 6110:Syndicated from 6109: 6107: 6106: 6082: 6076: 6075: 6073: 6072: 6048: 6039: 6038: 6036: 6035: 6014: 6008: 6007: 6005: 6004: 5991: 5989: 5988: 5975: 5974: 5969: 5963: 5962: 5949: 5928: 5924: 5915: 5913: 5902: 5853: 5848: 5847: 5846: 5839: 5834: 5833: 5794: 5641: 5634: 5630: 5627: 5621: 5590: 5582: 5501: 5497: 5421: 5401: 5400: 5395: 5394: 5389: 5388: 5383: 5382: 5377: 5376: 5371: 5370: 5365: 5364: 5359: 5358: 5353: 5352: 5347: 5346: 5341: 5340: 5335: 5334: 5329: 5328: 5323: 5322: 5317: 5316: 5311: 5310: 5305: 5304: 5299: 5298: 5293: 5292: 5287: 5286: 5281: 5280: 5275: 5274: 5269: 5268: 5263: 5262: 5257: 5256: 5251: 5250: 5245: 5244: 5239: 5238: 5233: 5232: 5227: 5226: 5221: 5220: 5215: 5214: 5209: 5208: 5203: 5202: 5197: 5196: 5191: 5190: 5185: 5184: 5179: 5178: 5165: 5164: 5159: 5158: 5153: 5152: 5147: 5146: 5137: 5136: 5131: 5130: 5121: 5120: 5115: 5114: 5109: 5108: 5103: 5102: 5093: 5092: 5087: 5086: 5081: 5080: 5071: 5070: 5065: 5064: 5059: 5058: 5053: 5052: 5038: 5037: 5032: 5031: 5026: 5025: 5020: 5019: 5010: 5009: 5004: 5003: 4994: 4993: 4988: 4987: 4982: 4981: 4976: 4975: 4966: 4965: 4960: 4959: 4927: 4926: 4921: 4920: 4912: 4911: 4906: 4905: 4900: 4896: 4892: 4891: 4886: 4882: 4878: 4877: 4872: 4871: 4863: 4862: 4857: 4856: 4851: 4850: 4845: 4844: 4839: 4838: 4833: 4832: 4827: 4826: 4821: 4820: 4815: 4814: 4809: 4808: 4803: 4802: 4797: 4796: 4791: 4790: 4785: 4784: 4779: 4778: 4773: 4772: 4767: 4766: 4761: 4760: 4746: 4745: 4740: 4739: 4734: 4733: 4728: 4727: 4722: 4721: 4716: 4715: 4710: 4709: 4704: 4703: 4689: 4688: 4683: 4682: 4677: 4676: 4671: 4670: 4665: 4664: 4659: 4658: 4644: 4643: 4638: 4637: 4632: 4631: 4626: 4625: 4620: 4619: 4614: 4613: 4608: 4607: 4602: 4601: 4596: 4595: 4590: 4589: 4584: 4583: 4578: 4577: 4554: 4553: 4548: 4547: 4542: 4541: 4536: 4535: 4530: 4529: 4524: 4523: 4518: 4517: 4512: 4511: 4505: 4504: 4499: 4498: 4493: 4492: 4487: 4486: 4481: 4480: 4475: 4474: 4469: 4468: 4463: 4462: 4457: 4456: 4451: 4450: 4444: 4443: 4438: 4437: 4432: 4431: 4426: 4425: 4420: 4419: 4414: 4413: 4408: 4407: 4402: 4401: 4395: 4394: 4389: 4388: 4383: 4382: 4377: 4376: 4371: 4370: 4365: 4364: 4359: 4358: 4353: 4352: 4347: 4346: 4341: 4340: 4334: 4333: 4328: 4327: 4322: 4321: 4316: 4315: 4310: 4309: 4304: 4303: 4298: 4297: 4292: 4291: 4285: 4284: 4279: 4278: 4273: 4272: 4267: 4266: 4261: 4260: 4255: 4254: 4249: 4243: 4242: 4237: 4236: 4221: 4220: 4219: 4213: 4212: 4207: 4206: 4201: 4200: 4195: 4194: 4189: 4188: 4187: 4181: 4180: 4175: 4174: 4169: 4168: 4163: 4162: 4157: 4156: 4151: 4150: 4142: 4141: 4136: 4135: 4130: 4129: 4124: 4123: 4110: 4109: 4104: 4103: 4098: 4097: 4092: 4091: 4086: 4085: 4080: 4079: 4074: 4068: 4067: 4063:, simplified to 4062: 4061: 4050: 4049: 4044: 4043: 4038: 4037: 4032: 4031: 4026: 4025: 4020: 4019: 4014: 4013: 4008: 4007: 3995:Each of the 132 3991: 3990: 3985: 3984: 3979: 3978: 3952: 3951: 3946: 3945: 3940: 3939: 3934: 3933: 3928: 3927: 3922: 3921: 3916: 3915: 3910: 3909: 3895: 3894: 3889: 3888: 3883: 3882: 3877: 3876: 3871: 3870: 3865: 3864: 3850: 3849: 3844: 3843: 3838: 3837: 3832: 3831: 3826: 3825: 3820: 3819: 3814: 3813: 3808: 3807: 3802: 3801: 3796: 3795: 3781: 3780: 3775: 3774: 3769: 3768: 3763: 3762: 3757: 3756: 3751: 3750: 3745: 3744: 3739: 3738: 3733: 3732: 3727: 3726: 3721: 3720: 3715: 3714: 3709: 3708: 3703: 3702: 3697: 3696: 3691: 3690: 3685: 3684: 3679: 3678: 3664: 3663: 3658: 3657: 3652: 3651: 3646: 3645: 3640: 3639: 3634: 3633: 3628: 3627: 3622: 3621: 3616: 3615: 3610: 3609: 3604: 3603: 3598: 3597: 3584: 3583: 3578: 3577: 3572: 3571: 3566: 3565: 3560: 3559: 3554: 3553: 3548: 3547: 3542: 3541: 3536: 3535: 3530: 3529: 3516: 3515: 3510: 3509: 3504: 3503: 3498: 3497: 3492: 3491: 3486: 3485: 3480: 3479: 3474: 3473: 3459: 3458: 3453: 3452: 3447: 3446: 3441: 3440: 3435: 3434: 3429: 3428: 3423: 3422: 3417: 3416: 3402: 3401: 3396: 3395: 3390: 3389: 3384: 3383: 3378: 3377: 3372: 3371: 3366: 3365: 3360: 3359: 3354: 3353: 3348: 3347: 3330: 3329: 3324: 3323: 3318: 3317: 3312: 3311: 3306: 3305: 3300: 3299: 3294: 3293: 3288: 3287: 3282: 3281: 3276: 3275: 3270: 3269: 3264: 3263: 3250: 3249: 3244: 3243: 3238: 3237: 3232: 3231: 3226: 3225: 3220: 3219: 3214: 3213: 3208: 3207: 3202: 3201: 3196: 3195: 3181: 3180: 3175: 3174: 3169: 3168: 3163: 3162: 3157: 3156: 3151: 3150: 3145: 3144: 3139: 3138: 3133: 3132: 3127: 3126: 3121: 3120: 3115: 3114: 3109: 3108: 3103: 3102: 3097: 3096: 3091: 3090: 3085: 3084: 3079: 3078: 3073: 3072: 3067: 3066: 3052: 3051: 3046: 3045: 3040: 3039: 3034: 3033: 3028: 3027: 3022: 3021: 3016: 3015: 3010: 3009: 3004: 3003: 2998: 2997: 2992: 2991: 2986: 2985: 2980: 2979: 2974: 2973: 2965: 2964: 2959: 2958: 2947: 2946: 2941: 2940: 2935: 2934: 2929: 2928: 2923: 2922: 2917: 2916: 2911: 2910: 2905: 2904: 2899: 2898: 2893: 2892: 2887: 2886: 2881: 2880: 2875: 2874: 2869: 2868: 2863: 2862: 2857: 2856: 2851: 2850: 2845: 2844: 2839: 2838: 2833: 2832: 2827: 2826: 2821: 2820: 2815: 2814: 2809: 2808: 2803: 2802: 2797: 2796: 2791: 2790: 2785: 2784: 2779: 2778: 2773: 2772: 2764: 2763: 2752: 2751: 2746: 2745: 2740: 2739: 2734: 2733: 2728: 2727: 2722: 2721: 2716: 2715: 2710: 2709: 2682: 2664: 2661:list containing 2639: 2634: 2613: 2584:, hereafter the 2566: 2559: 2555: 2552: 2546: 2527: 2526: 2519: 2486: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2454: 2443: 2442: 2437: 2436: 2431: 2430: 2425: 2424: 2419: 2418: 2374: 2332: 2275: 2268: 2261: 2154:A Madman's Diary 2108:New Confucianism 2103:Creation Society 1969:Social Darwinism 1954: 1839: 1838: 1811: 1808: 1790: 1788: 1770: 1769: 1764: 1763: 1758: 1756: 1755: 1749: 1748: 1743: 1742: 1737: 1736: 1731: 1730: 1713: 1711: 1699: 1697: 1696: 1690: 1688: 1687: 1681: 1679: 1678: 1672: 1671: 1666: 1665: 1640: 1635: 1631: 1622: 1617: 1585: 1584: 1583: 1582: 1580: 1570: 1565: 1560: 1542: 1535: 1528: 1261:(PRC, 2013) 1227:Digital encoding 1146:Modern typefaces 1029: 1016: 1002: 1001: 999:on 5 June 2013. 971: 970: 965: 957: 953: 952: 947: 939: 895:Chinese language 872: 871: 870: 855: 854: 841: 840: 820: 819: 818: 803: 802: 789: 788: 787: 773: 772: 759: 758: 735: 734: 729: 728: 715: 714: 692: 691: 690: 675: 674: 661: 660: 640: 639: 638: 623: 622: 609: 608: 607: 593: 592: 579: 578: 555: 554: 549: 548: 533: 532: 510: 509: 504: 498: 494: 469: 466: 257: 244: 243: 237: 230: 219: 212: 208: 205: 199: 196:inline citations 172: 171: 164: 157: 150: 146: 143: 137: 135: 94: 70: 62: 51: 29: 28: 21: 12978: 12977: 12973: 12972: 12971: 12969: 12968: 12967: 12948: 12947: 12946: 12941: 12923: 12860:Tongyong Pinyin 12840:Gwoyeu Romatzyh 12828:Dungan Cyrillic 12811: 12780: 12750: 12691: 12682:Written Hokkien 12663: 12622: 12616: 12592:Middle Mandarin 12558: 12478: 12453: 12415: 12362: 12295: 12288: 12275: 12224: 12172: 12131: 12108: 12044: 11978: 11897: 11876: 11858: 11835: 11759: 11726: 11703: 11647: 11583: 11543: 11534: 11522: 11510: 11498: 11486: 11466: 11448: 11420: 11402: 11376: 11353: 11280: 11253: 11227: 11204: 11128: 11068: 11040: 11017: 10994: 10943: 10932: 10927: 10897: 10888: 10881: 10874: 10867: 10856: 10849: 10842: 10835: 10828: 10821: 10807: 10800: 10793: 10786: 10779: 10772: 10765: 10758: 10747: 10740: 10733: 10726: 10719: 10712: 10705: 10700:Charles Barbier 10698: 10691: 10680: 10673: 10666: 10659: 10652: 10645: 10638: 10631: 10624: 10617: 10610: 10603: 10590: 10583: 10576: 10568: 10561: 10554: 10547: 10532: 10524: 10517: 10510: 10499: 10492: 10485: 10476: 10469: 10462: 10455: 10450: 10439: 10431: 10425:Frequency-based 10420: 10412: 10397: 10390: 10382: 10375: 10367: 10360: 10353: 10346: 10338: 10331: 10324: 10317: 10306: 10298: 10291: 10284: 10277: 10270: 10263: 10256: 10249: 10242: 10235: 10228: 10221:Bharati Braille 10218: 10212: 10204: 10197: 10190: 10179: 10173: 10166: 10159: 10152: 10145: 10138: 10131: 10124: 10117: 10106: 10100: 10093: 10088: 10081: 10076: 10071: 10066: 10059: 10052: 10045: 10038: 10027: 10020: 10013: 10006: 9999: 9992: 9984: 9977: 9970: 9963: 9956: 9949: 9942: 9935: 9928: 9921: 9914: 9907: 9900: 9892: 9885: 9878: 9871: 9864: 9857: 9850: 9843: 9836: 9829: 9822: 9815: 9808: 9801: 9795:Unified English 9789: 9782: 9775: 9767: 9760: 9753: 9746: 9739: 9724:Braille scripts 9719: 9712: 9705: 9698: 9691: 9680: 9676: 9671: 9626: 9441: 9424: 9420:Stokoe notation 9396: 9375: 9334: 9289: 9268: 9252: 9216: 9195:Logoconsonantal 9190: 9139: 9092: 9061: 8968: 8951: 8932:Siglas poveiras 8853: 8832: 8791: 8695:Younger Futhark 8399:Gregg shorthand 8195: 8174: 8027: 7679: 7409: 7392: 7171: 7154: 7137: 7110:Writing systems 7098: 7073: 7071:writing systems 7064: 7013: 7003: 6984: 6967: 6965:Further reading 6962: 6956: 6947: 6931: 6904: 6885: 6875:Chinese Writing 6863: 6851:Li, Yu (2020). 6844: 6830:DeFrancis, John 6822: 6797: 6795: 6791: 6785: 6774: 6763: 6758: 6749: 6747: 6744:Financial Times 6740: 6734: 6730: 6717: 6713: 6700: 6699: 6695: 6686: 6684: 6677:The Japan Times 6669: 6665: 6656: 6654: 6648: 6640: 6636: 6635: 6631: 6616: 6612: 6611: 6607: 6597: 6583: 6579: 6569: 6561:. p. 105. 6551: 6547: 6536: 6530: 6526: 6518: 6514: 6503: 6497: 6493: 6483: 6481: 6474: 6470: 6469: 6465: 6457: 6453: 6444: 6442: 6436: 6426: 6422: 6421: 6417: 6405: 6401: 6393: 6389: 6381: 6377: 6369: 6365: 6357: 6353: 6345: 6341: 6333: 6329: 6322: 6308: 6304: 6292: 6288: 6270: 6266: 6258: 6254: 6246: 6242: 6234: 6230: 6221: 6219: 6212: 6208: 6207: 6203: 6196: 6182: 6177: 6174: 6173: 6169: 6162: 6158: 6157: 6153: 6144: 6142: 6127: 6120: 6104: 6102: 6096: 6088: 6084: 6083: 6079: 6070: 6068: 6062: 6054: 6050: 6049: 6042: 6033: 6031: 6020: 6016: 6015: 6011: 6002: 6000: 5998:www.unicode.org 5992: 5986: 5984: 5982:www.unicode.org 5976: 5970: 5966: 5955: 5951: 5950: 5946: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5931: 5925: 5918: 5903: 5899: 5894: 5849: 5844: 5842: 5837:Language portal 5835: 5828: 5825: 5816:Financial Times 5807: 5801: 5782: 5766:Han unification 5731: 5696: 5675: 5659: 5642: 5631: 5625: 5622: 5607: 5591: 5580: 5574: 5561: 5552: 5540: 5529: 5508: 5491: 5478: 5443:As part of the 5437: 5412: 5172: 5170:Inconsistencies 4940: 4934: 4898: 4884: 4561: 3959: 2691: 2680: 2662: 2651: 2637: 2628: 2622: 2611: 2606:Chart 3 of the 2603: 2576: 2567: 2556: 2550: 2547: 2541:Please help by 2540: 2528: 2524: 2517: 2494: 2484: 2470: 2466: 2462: 2452: 2405: 2392: 2386: 2368: 2351: 2279: 2250: 2249: 2175: 2167: 2166: 2134: 2126: 2125: 2112:Research Clique 2083: 2075: 2074: 2034:Democratization 2012: 2004: 2003: 1940: 1932: 1931: 1862:1911 Revolution 1857: 1849: 1837: 1823:clerical script 1809: 1797:big seal script 1785: 1751: 1708: 1692: 1683: 1674: 1604: 1598: 1593: 1578: 1575: 1574: 1555: 1546: 1506: 1505: 1497: 1484: 1461: 1427: 1426:Derived systems 1419: 1418: 1409: 1399: 1398: 1388: 1378: 1369: 1358: 1357: 1340: 1312: 1304: 1303: 1291: 1272: 1253: 1240: 1232: 1231: 1179: 1175:Properties and 1168: 1167: 1142: 1114: 1089: 1076: 1065: 1036:Written Chinese 1032: 1023: 959: 941: 795:Tongyong Pinyin 785: 615:Tongyong Pinyin 605: 475: 467: 464: 449: 408: 401: 383:Clerical script 368: 361:Related scripts 337:Official script 314: 307: 306: 269: 248: 238: 227: 226: 225: 220: 209: 203: 200: 185: 173: 169: 158: 147: 141: 138: 95: 93: 83: 71: 30: 26: 17: 12: 11: 5: 12976: 12966: 12965: 12960: 12943: 12942: 12932: 12929: 12928: 12925: 12924: 12922: 12921: 12916: 12911: 12906: 12904:Taiwanese kana 12901: 12900: 12899: 12894: 12884: 12883: 12882: 12877: 12875:Lessing-Othmer 12872: 12867: 12862: 12857: 12852: 12847: 12842: 12832: 12831: 12830: 12819: 12817: 12813: 12812: 12810: 12805: 12800: 12795: 12790: 12788: 12782: 12781: 12779: 12778: 12773: 12772: 12771: 12766: 12755: 12752: 12751: 12749: 12744: 12739: 12734: 12729: 12724: 12719: 12717: 12708: 12699: 12693: 12692: 12690: 12689: 12684: 12679: 12677:Written Dungan 12674: 12668: 12665: 12664: 12662: 12661: 12656: 12655: 12654: 12649: 12644: 12633: 12631: 12624: 12618: 12617: 12615: 12614: 12609: 12604: 12599: 12594: 12589: 12584: 12582:Middle Chinese 12579: 12574: 12568: 12566: 12560: 12559: 12557: 12556: 12551: 12549:Wubi (Wang Ma) 12546: 12541: 12540: 12539: 12534: 12529: 12519: 12514: 12509: 12508: 12507: 12497: 12494: 12488: 12486: 12480: 12479: 12477: 12476: 12469: 12461: 12459: 12455: 12454: 12452: 12451: 12446: 12441: 12436: 12431: 12425: 12423: 12417: 12416: 12414: 12413: 12408: 12403: 12398: 12393: 12388: 12383: 12382: 12381: 12370: 12368: 12364: 12363: 12361: 12360: 12355: 12350: 12345: 12344: 12343: 12342: 12341: 12336: 12326: 12321: 12316: 12311: 12300: 12298: 12290: 12289: 12282: 12280: 12277: 12276: 12274: 12273: 12268: 12266:Xiangnan Tuhua 12263: 12258: 12253: 12251:Shaozhou Tuhua 12248: 12243: 12238: 12232: 12230: 12226: 12225: 12223: 12222: 12221: 12220: 12215: 12210: 12202: 12201: 12200: 12195: 12186: 12184: 12178: 12177: 12174: 12173: 12171: 12170: 12165: 12160: 12155: 12150: 12145: 12139: 12137: 12133: 12132: 12130: 12129: 12124: 12118: 12116: 12110: 12109: 12107: 12106: 12101: 12096: 12091: 12086: 12081: 12080: 12079: 12074: 12063: 12061: 12052: 12046: 12045: 12043: 12042: 12041: 12040: 12035: 12030: 12020: 12019: 12018: 12008: 12003: 11998: 11992: 11990: 11984: 11983: 11980: 11979: 11977: 11976: 11975: 11974: 11969: 11964: 11954: 11953: 11952: 11942: 11937: 11932: 11927: 11926: 11925: 11920: 11909: 11907: 11903: 11902: 11899: 11898: 11896: 11895: 11890: 11884: 11882: 11878: 11877: 11875: 11874: 11868: 11866: 11860: 11859: 11857: 11856: 11851: 11845: 11843: 11837: 11836: 11834: 11833: 11828: 11823: 11818: 11813: 11808: 11803: 11798: 11793: 11788: 11782: 11780: 11771: 11765: 11764: 11761: 11760: 11758: 11757: 11756: 11755: 11750: 11740: 11734: 11732: 11728: 11727: 11725: 11724: 11719: 11713: 11711: 11705: 11704: 11702: 11701: 11696: 11691: 11686: 11681: 11675: 11673: 11664: 11655: 11649: 11648: 11646: 11645: 11644: 11643: 11633: 11628: 11627: 11626: 11621: 11616: 11606: 11605: 11604: 11593: 11591: 11585: 11584: 11582: 11581: 11576: 11571: 11566: 11565: 11564: 11553: 11551: 11545: 11544: 11542: 11541: 11529: 11517: 11505: 11493: 11480: 11478: 11472: 11471: 11468: 11467: 11465: 11464: 11458: 11456: 11450: 11449: 11447: 11446: 11441: 11436: 11430: 11428: 11422: 11421: 11419: 11418: 11412: 11410: 11404: 11403: 11401: 11400: 11395: 11390: 11384: 11382: 11378: 11377: 11375: 11374: 11369: 11363: 11361: 11355: 11354: 11352: 11351: 11346: 11341: 11336: 11331: 11326: 11320: 11315: 11310: 11305: 11299: 11297: 11288: 11282: 11281: 11279: 11278: 11273: 11267: 11265: 11259: 11258: 11255: 11254: 11252: 11251: 11246: 11241: 11235: 11233: 11229: 11228: 11226: 11225: 11220: 11214: 11212: 11206: 11205: 11203: 11202: 11201: 11200: 11190: 11185: 11180: 11175: 11174: 11173: 11172: 11171: 11164:Renshou–Fushun 11161: 11160: 11159: 11149: 11138: 11136: 11130: 11129: 11127: 11126: 11121: 11116: 11111: 11106: 11101: 11100: 11099: 11089: 11084: 11078: 11076: 11074:Central Plains 11070: 11069: 11067: 11066: 11061: 11056: 11050: 11048: 11042: 11041: 11039: 11038: 11033: 11027: 11025: 11019: 11018: 11016: 11015: 11010: 11004: 11002: 10996: 10995: 10993: 10992: 10987: 10982: 10977: 10971: 10969: 10960: 10951: 10945: 10944: 10937: 10934: 10933: 10926: 10925: 10918: 10911: 10903: 10894: 10893: 10890: 10889: 10887: 10886: 10879: 10872: 10864: 10862: 10861:Related topics 10858: 10857: 10855: 10854: 10847: 10840: 10837:New York Point 10833: 10826: 10818: 10816: 10809: 10808: 10806: 10805: 10798: 10791: 10784: 10777: 10770: 10763: 10755: 10753: 10749: 10748: 10746: 10745: 10738: 10731: 10724: 10721:Harris Mowbray 10717: 10710: 10703: 10696: 10688: 10686: 10682: 10681: 10679: 10678: 10671: 10664: 10657: 10650: 10643: 10636: 10629: 10622: 10615: 10608: 10605:Braille e-book 10600: 10598: 10592: 10591: 10589: 10588: 10581: 10574: 10566: 10559: 10552: 10544: 10542: 10538: 10537: 10534: 10533: 10531: 10530: 10522: 10515: 10507: 10505: 10501: 10500: 10498: 10497: 10490: 10483: 10482: 10481: 10474: 10467: 10460: 10447: 10445: 10441: 10440: 10438: 10437: 10428: 10426: 10422: 10421: 10419: 10418: 10409: 10407: 10403: 10402: 10399: 10398: 10396: 10395: 10388: 10380: 10373: 10365: 10358: 10351: 10344: 10336: 10329: 10322: 10314: 10312: 10308: 10307: 10305: 10304: 10296: 10289: 10282: 10275: 10268: 10261: 10254: 10247: 10240: 10233: 10225: 10223: 10214: 10213: 10211: 10210: 10202: 10195: 10187: 10185: 10175: 10174: 10172: 10171: 10164: 10157: 10150: 10143: 10136: 10129: 10122: 10114: 10112: 10102: 10101: 10099: 10098: 10097: 10096: 10091: 10086: 10079: 10074: 10069: 10057: 10050: 10043: 10035: 10033: 10026: 10025: 10018: 10011: 10004: 9997: 9990: 9982: 9975: 9968: 9961: 9954: 9947: 9940: 9933: 9926: 9919: 9912: 9905: 9898: 9890: 9883: 9876: 9869: 9862: 9855: 9848: 9841: 9834: 9827: 9820: 9813: 9806: 9799: 9787: 9780: 9773: 9765: 9758: 9751: 9744: 9736: 9734: 9732:French-ordered 9725: 9721: 9720: 9718: 9717: 9710: 9703: 9696: 9688: 9686: 9682: 9681: 9670: 9669: 9662: 9655: 9647: 9640: 9639: 9636: 9635: 9632: 9631: 9628: 9627: 9625: 9624: 9619: 9614: 9609: 9604: 9599: 9594: 9589: 9584: 9579: 9574: 9572:Linear Elamite 9569: 9564: 9559: 9554: 9553: 9552: 9547: 9542: 9537: 9532: 9527: 9517: 9512: 9507: 9502: 9497: 9492: 9487: 9482: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9462: 9457: 9452: 9446: 9443: 9442: 9430: 9429: 9426: 9425: 9423: 9422: 9417: 9412: 9407: 9401: 9398: 9397: 9394:Sign languages 9385: 9384: 9381: 9380: 9377: 9376: 9374: 9373: 9371:Quốc Âm Tân Tự 9368: 9363: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9346:Espanca script 9342: 9340: 9336: 9335: 9333: 9332: 9327: 9322: 9317: 9312: 9307: 9305:Linear Elamite 9301: 9299: 9291: 9290: 9278: 9277: 9274: 9273: 9270: 9269: 9267: 9266: 9260: 9258: 9254: 9253: 9251: 9250: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9224: 9222: 9218: 9217: 9215: 9214: 9209: 9204: 9198: 9196: 9192: 9191: 9189: 9188: 9186:Yi (Classical) 9183: 9178: 9173: 9168: 9163: 9158: 9153: 9147: 9145: 9141: 9140: 9138: 9137: 9132: 9127: 9122: 9117: 9112: 9106: 9104: 9098: 9097: 9094: 9093: 9091: 9090: 9085: 9080: 9075: 9069: 9067: 9063: 9062: 9060: 9059: 9054: 9049: 9044: 9039: 9034: 9033: 9032: 9027: 9022: 9012: 9010:Bronze scripts 9007: 9002: 8997: 8991: 8989: 8980: 8970: 8969: 8957: 8956: 8953: 8952: 8950: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8858: 8855: 8854: 8842: 8841: 8838: 8837: 8834: 8833: 8831: 8830: 8825: 8823:Flag semaphore 8820: 8818:New York Point 8815: 8813:Telegraph code 8810: 8808:Maritime flags 8805: 8799: 8797: 8793: 8792: 8790: 8789: 8784: 8779: 8774: 8769: 8764: 8762:Visible Speech 8759: 8754: 8749: 8744: 8739: 8734: 8732:Sorang Sompeng 8729: 8724: 8719: 8718: 8717: 8712: 8707: 8702: 8697: 8692: 8687: 8682: 8677: 8667: 8662: 8657: 8652: 8647: 8642: 8637: 8636: 8635: 8634: 8633: 8628: 8623: 8618: 8616:Galik alphabet 8613: 8598: 8593: 8588: 8583: 8578: 8573: 8568: 8563: 8558: 8553: 8548: 8543: 8538: 8533: 8528: 8523: 8522: 8521: 8516: 8514:Tironian notes 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8380: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8359: 8357:Garay alphabet 8354: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8308: 8307: 8297: 8292: 8291: 8290: 8285: 8275: 8270: 8265: 8260: 8255: 8250: 8245: 8240: 8235: 8234: 8233: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8207: 8205: 8197: 8196: 8184: 8183: 8180: 8179: 8176: 8175: 8173: 8172: 8167: 8162: 8157: 8152: 8147: 8142: 8140:Sorang Sompeng 8137: 8132: 8127: 8122: 8117: 8112: 8107: 8102: 8097: 8092: 8087: 8082: 8077: 8072: 8067: 8066: 8065: 8063:Déné syllabics 8060: 8050: 8045: 8039: 8037: 8033: 8032: 8029: 8028: 8026: 8025: 8024: 8023: 8018: 8008: 8007: 8006: 8001: 7996: 7991: 7986: 7981: 7976: 7966: 7961: 7956: 7951: 7946: 7941: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7911: 7906: 7901: 7900: 7899: 7889: 7884: 7879: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7854: 7853: 7852: 7847: 7837: 7832: 7827: 7826: 7825: 7815: 7810: 7805: 7800: 7795: 7790: 7789: 7788: 7778: 7773: 7768: 7763: 7758: 7753: 7748: 7743: 7738: 7733: 7728: 7723: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7703: 7698: 7693: 7687: 7685: 7681: 7680: 7678: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7666: 7665: 7660: 7650: 7645: 7640: 7635: 7630: 7625: 7620: 7619: 7618: 7608: 7607: 7606: 7601: 7596: 7591: 7586: 7581: 7576: 7571: 7566: 7561: 7556: 7551: 7541: 7536: 7531: 7526: 7521: 7516: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7451: 7446: 7441: 7436: 7430: 7428: 7421: 7411: 7410: 7398: 7397: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7379: 7378: 7373: 7368: 7358: 7353: 7352: 7351: 7346: 7336: 7331: 7326: 7324:Proto-Sinaitic 7321: 7316: 7315: 7314: 7304: 7299: 7298: 7297: 7292: 7287: 7282: 7272: 7267: 7262: 7257: 7252: 7247: 7246: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7220: 7215: 7210: 7209: 7208: 7198: 7197: 7196: 7185: 7184: 7176: 7173: 7172: 7156: 7155: 7143: 7142: 7139: 7138: 7136: 7135: 7129: 7128: 7127: 7122: 7117: 7106: 7104: 7100: 7099: 7097: 7096: 7091: 7085: 7083: 7075: 7074: 7063: 7062: 7055: 7048: 7040: 7034: 7033: 7028: 7023: 7012: 7011:External links 7009: 7008: 7007: 7001: 6988: 6982: 6966: 6963: 6961: 6960: 6954: 6935: 6929: 6908: 6902: 6889: 6883: 6867: 6861: 6848: 6842: 6826: 6820: 6803: 6783: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6756: 6728: 6711: 6693: 6663: 6629: 6626:on 2005-01-23. 6605: 6595: 6577: 6567: 6545: 6524: 6522:, p. 118. 6512: 6502:新加坡与中国调整简体字的评骘 6491: 6463: 6451: 6415: 6413:, p. 136. 6409:, p. 79; 6399: 6387: 6375: 6363: 6361:, pp. 32. 6351: 6339: 6327: 6320: 6302: 6286: 6273:Chao, Yuen Ren 6264: 6252: 6240: 6228: 6201: 6194: 6167: 6151: 6118: 6077: 6040: 6009: 5964: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5930: 5929: 5916: 5896: 5895: 5893: 5890: 5889: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5871: 5866: 5861: 5855: 5854: 5840: 5824: 5821: 5800: 5797: 5781: 5780:Internet usage 5778: 5730: 5727: 5695: 5694:Southeast Asia 5692: 5674: 5671: 5658: 5655: 5644: 5643: 5594: 5592: 5585: 5573: 5570: 5560: 5557: 5551: 5548: 5539: 5538:Mainland China 5536: 5528: 5525: 5513:hawker centres 5507: 5506:Southeast Asia 5504: 5490: 5487: 5477: 5474: 5456:People's Daily 5451:People's Daily 5436: 5435:Mainland China 5433: 5411: 5408: 5171: 5168: 5167: 5166: 5123: 5122: 5073: 5072: 5040: 5039: 4996: 4995: 4936:Main article: 4933: 4930: 4865: 4864: 4748: 4747: 4691: 4690: 4646: 4645: 4560: 4557: 4556: 4555: 4506: 4445: 4396: 4335: 4286: 4224: 4223: 4214:in Chart 2 as 4182:in Chart 2 to 4144: 4113: 4112: 4111: 4051: 3980:, not only is 3958: 3955: 3954: 3953: 3897: 3896: 3852: 3851: 3783: 3782: 3666: 3665: 3586: 3585: 3518: 3517: 3461: 3460: 3404: 3403: 3332: 3331: 3252: 3251: 3183: 3182: 3054: 3053: 2949: 2948: 2754: 2753: 2690: 2687: 2686: 2685: 2667:vulgar variant 2650: 2647: 2646: 2645: 2621: 2618: 2617: 2616: 2602: 2599: 2598: 2597: 2593: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2568: 2531: 2529: 2522: 2516: 2513: 2493: 2490: 2404: 2401: 2388:Main article: 2385: 2382: 2350: 2347: 2281: 2280: 2278: 2277: 2270: 2263: 2255: 2252: 2251: 2248: 2247: 2242: 2237: 2232: 2227: 2222: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2192: 2187: 2182: 2176: 2174:Notable people 2173: 2172: 2169: 2168: 2165: 2164: 2157: 2150: 2143: 2135: 2132: 2131: 2128: 2127: 2124: 2123: 2118: 2113: 2110: 2105: 2100: 2095: 2093:Xueheng School 2090: 2084: 2081: 2080: 2077: 2076: 2073: 2072: 2067: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2051: 2046: 2041: 2036: 2031: 2030: 2029: 2024: 2017:Westernization 2013: 2010: 2009: 2006: 2005: 2002: 2001: 1996: 1991: 1986: 1981: 1976: 1971: 1966: 1961: 1960: 1959: 1947: 1941: 1938: 1937: 1934: 1933: 1930: 1929: 1924: 1919: 1914: 1909: 1896: 1895: 1890: 1885: 1880: 1875: 1870: 1858: 1855: 1854: 1851: 1850: 1846: 1845: 1836: 1833: 1765:. Ultimately, 1703:on the right. 1597: 1594: 1592: 1589: 1554: 1551: 1548: 1547: 1545: 1544: 1537: 1530: 1522: 1519: 1518: 1517: 1516: 1508: 1507: 1504: 1503: 1496: 1495: 1490: 1483: 1482: 1481: 1480: 1475: 1467: 1465:Jurchen script 1460: 1459: 1458: 1457: 1450: 1443: 1428: 1425: 1424: 1421: 1420: 1417: 1416: 1410: 1405: 1404: 1401: 1400: 1397: 1396: 1387: 1386: 1377: 1376: 1370: 1364: 1363: 1360: 1359: 1356: 1355: 1354: 1353: 1339: 1338: 1337: 1336: 1326: 1325: 1324: 1313: 1310: 1309: 1306: 1305: 1302: 1301: 1290: 1289: 1281: 1271: 1270: 1262: 1252: 1251: 1241: 1238: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1224: 1223: 1222: 1215: 1203: 1198: 1197: 1196: 1186: 1180: 1177:classification 1174: 1173: 1170: 1169: 1166: 1165: 1164: 1163: 1158: 1153: 1141: 1140: 1135: 1130: 1125: 1120: 1113: 1112: 1111: 1110: 1105: 1100: 1088: 1087: 1082: 1075: 1074: 1066: 1060: 1059: 1056: 1055: 1054: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1031: 1030: 1018: 1017: 1009: 1008: 907:mainland China 891:character sets 882: 881: 878: 877: 874: 873: 863: 857: 856: 853:Gaan2 tai2 zi6 849: 843: 842: 835: 829: 828: 826:Yue: Cantonese 822: 821: 811: 805: 804: 797: 791: 790: 781: 775: 774: 767: 761: 760: 753: 747: 746: 740: 739: 738:Transcriptions 731: 730: 723: 717: 716: 709: 703: 702: 698: 697: 694: 693: 683: 677: 676: 673:Gaan2 faa3 zi6 669: 663: 662: 655: 649: 648: 646:Yue: Cantonese 642: 641: 631: 625: 624: 617: 611: 610: 601: 595: 594: 587: 581: 580: 573: 567: 566: 560: 559: 558:Transcriptions 551: 550: 541: 535: 534: 525: 519: 518: 515: 514: 506: 505: 499:⟩, see 472: 471: 462: 456: 455: 451: 450: 448: 447: 442: 437: 432: 427: 422: 417: 411: 409: 407:Sister systems 406: 403: 402: 400: 399: 398: 397: 396: 395: 394: 393: 388:Regular script 371: 369: 367:Parent systems 366: 363: 362: 358: 357: 352: 348: 347: 338: 334: 333: 332: 331: 328: 323: 319: 318: 315: 312: 309: 308: 305: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 278: 277: 275: 271: 270: 265: 263: 259: 258: 250: 249: 240: 239: 222: 221: 176: 174: 167: 160: 159: 74: 72: 65: 60: 34: 33: 31: 24: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 12975: 12964: 12961: 12959: 12956: 12955: 12953: 12940: 12930: 12920: 12917: 12915: 12912: 12910: 12907: 12905: 12902: 12898: 12895: 12893: 12890: 12889: 12888: 12885: 12881: 12878: 12876: 12873: 12871: 12868: 12866: 12863: 12861: 12858: 12856: 12853: 12851: 12848: 12846: 12843: 12841: 12838: 12837: 12836: 12833: 12829: 12826: 12825: 12824: 12823:Cyrillization 12821: 12820: 12818: 12814: 12809: 12806: 12804: 12801: 12799: 12796: 12794: 12791: 12789: 12787: 12783: 12777: 12774: 12770: 12767: 12765: 12762: 12761: 12760: 12757: 12756: 12748: 12745: 12743: 12740: 12738: 12735: 12733: 12730: 12728: 12725: 12723: 12720: 12718: 12716: 12715:Script styles 12712: 12709: 12707: 12703: 12700: 12698: 12694: 12688: 12685: 12683: 12680: 12678: 12675: 12673: 12670: 12669: 12660: 12657: 12653: 12650: 12648: 12645: 12643: 12640: 12639: 12638: 12635: 12634: 12632: 12628: 12625: 12619: 12613: 12610: 12608: 12605: 12603: 12600: 12598: 12595: 12593: 12590: 12588: 12585: 12583: 12580: 12578: 12575: 12573: 12570: 12569: 12567: 12565: 12561: 12555: 12552: 12550: 12547: 12545: 12542: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12530: 12528: 12525: 12524: 12523: 12520: 12518: 12515: 12513: 12510: 12506: 12503: 12502: 12501: 12498: 12495: 12493: 12490: 12489: 12487: 12485: 12481: 12475: 12474: 12470: 12468: 12467: 12463: 12462: 12460: 12456: 12450: 12447: 12445: 12442: 12440: 12437: 12435: 12432: 12430: 12427: 12426: 12424: 12422: 12418: 12412: 12409: 12407: 12404: 12402: 12399: 12397: 12394: 12392: 12389: 12387: 12384: 12380: 12377: 12376: 12375: 12372: 12371: 12369: 12365: 12359: 12356: 12354: 12351: 12349: 12346: 12340: 12337: 12335: 12332: 12331: 12330: 12327: 12325: 12322: 12320: 12317: 12315: 12312: 12310: 12307: 12306: 12305: 12302: 12301: 12299: 12297: 12291: 12286: 12272: 12269: 12267: 12264: 12262: 12259: 12257: 12254: 12252: 12249: 12247: 12244: 12242: 12239: 12237: 12234: 12233: 12231: 12227: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12209: 12206: 12205: 12203: 12199: 12196: 12194: 12191: 12190: 12188: 12187: 12185: 12183: 12179: 12169: 12166: 12164: 12161: 12159: 12156: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12146: 12144: 12141: 12140: 12138: 12134: 12128: 12125: 12123: 12120: 12119: 12117: 12115: 12111: 12105: 12102: 12100: 12097: 12095: 12092: 12090: 12087: 12085: 12082: 12078: 12075: 12073: 12070: 12069: 12068: 12065: 12064: 12062: 12060: 12056: 12053: 12051: 12047: 12039: 12036: 12034: 12031: 12029: 12026: 12025: 12024: 12021: 12017: 12014: 12013: 12012: 12009: 12007: 12004: 12002: 11999: 11997: 11994: 11993: 11991: 11989: 11985: 11973: 11970: 11968: 11965: 11963: 11960: 11959: 11958: 11955: 11951: 11948: 11947: 11946: 11943: 11941: 11938: 11936: 11933: 11931: 11928: 11924: 11921: 11919: 11916: 11915: 11914: 11911: 11910: 11908: 11904: 11894: 11891: 11889: 11886: 11885: 11883: 11879: 11873: 11870: 11869: 11867: 11865: 11861: 11855: 11852: 11850: 11847: 11846: 11844: 11842: 11838: 11832: 11829: 11827: 11824: 11822: 11819: 11817: 11814: 11812: 11809: 11807: 11804: 11802: 11799: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11784: 11783: 11781: 11779: 11775: 11772: 11770: 11766: 11754: 11751: 11749: 11746: 11745: 11744: 11741: 11739: 11736: 11735: 11733: 11729: 11723: 11720: 11718: 11715: 11714: 11712: 11710: 11706: 11700: 11697: 11695: 11692: 11690: 11687: 11685: 11682: 11680: 11677: 11676: 11674: 11672: 11668: 11665: 11663: 11659: 11656: 11654: 11650: 11642: 11639: 11638: 11637: 11634: 11632: 11629: 11625: 11622: 11620: 11617: 11615: 11612: 11611: 11610: 11607: 11603: 11600: 11599: 11598: 11595: 11594: 11592: 11590: 11586: 11580: 11577: 11575: 11572: 11570: 11567: 11563: 11560: 11559: 11558: 11555: 11554: 11552: 11550: 11546: 11538: 11533: 11530: 11526: 11521: 11518: 11514: 11509: 11506: 11502: 11497: 11494: 11490: 11485: 11482: 11481: 11479: 11477: 11473: 11463: 11460: 11459: 11457: 11455: 11451: 11445: 11442: 11440: 11437: 11435: 11432: 11431: 11429: 11427: 11423: 11417: 11414: 11413: 11411: 11409: 11405: 11399: 11396: 11394: 11391: 11389: 11386: 11385: 11383: 11379: 11373: 11370: 11368: 11365: 11364: 11362: 11360: 11356: 11350: 11347: 11345: 11342: 11340: 11337: 11335: 11332: 11330: 11327: 11324: 11321: 11319: 11316: 11314: 11311: 11309: 11306: 11304: 11301: 11300: 11298: 11296: 11292: 11289: 11287: 11283: 11277: 11274: 11272: 11269: 11268: 11266: 11264: 11260: 11250: 11247: 11245: 11242: 11240: 11237: 11236: 11234: 11230: 11224: 11221: 11219: 11216: 11215: 11213: 11211: 11207: 11199: 11196: 11195: 11194: 11191: 11189: 11186: 11184: 11181: 11179: 11176: 11170: 11167: 11166: 11165: 11162: 11158: 11155: 11154: 11153: 11150: 11148: 11145: 11144: 11143: 11140: 11139: 11137: 11135: 11131: 11125: 11122: 11120: 11117: 11115: 11112: 11110: 11107: 11105: 11102: 11098: 11095: 11094: 11093: 11090: 11088: 11085: 11083: 11080: 11079: 11077: 11075: 11071: 11065: 11062: 11060: 11057: 11055: 11052: 11051: 11049: 11047: 11043: 11037: 11034: 11032: 11029: 11028: 11026: 11024: 11020: 11014: 11011: 11009: 11006: 11005: 11003: 11001: 10997: 10991: 10988: 10986: 10983: 10981: 10978: 10976: 10973: 10972: 10970: 10968: 10964: 10961: 10959: 10955: 10952: 10950: 10946: 10942: 10941: 10935: 10931: 10924: 10919: 10917: 10912: 10910: 10905: 10904: 10901: 10884: 10880: 10877: 10873: 10870: 10866: 10865: 10863: 10859: 10852: 10848: 10845: 10844:Night writing 10841: 10838: 10834: 10831: 10827: 10824: 10820: 10819: 10817: 10815: 10810: 10803: 10799: 10796: 10792: 10789: 10785: 10782: 10778: 10775: 10771: 10768: 10764: 10761: 10757: 10756: 10754: 10752:Organisations 10750: 10743: 10739: 10736: 10732: 10729: 10725: 10722: 10718: 10715: 10714:Valentin Haüy 10711: 10708: 10704: 10701: 10697: 10694: 10693:Louis Braille 10690: 10689: 10687: 10683: 10676: 10672: 10669: 10665: 10662: 10658: 10655: 10651: 10648: 10644: 10641: 10637: 10634: 10630: 10627: 10626:Braille watch 10623: 10620: 10616: 10613: 10609: 10606: 10602: 10601: 10599: 10597: 10593: 10586: 10582: 10579: 10575: 10571: 10567: 10564: 10560: 10557: 10553: 10550: 10549:Braille music 10546: 10545: 10543: 10539: 10527: 10523: 10520: 10516: 10513: 10512:Luxembourgish 10509: 10508: 10506: 10502: 10495: 10491: 10488: 10484: 10479: 10475: 10472: 10468: 10465: 10461: 10458: 10454: 10453: 10449: 10448: 10446: 10442: 10434: 10430: 10429: 10427: 10423: 10415: 10411: 10410: 10408: 10404: 10393: 10389: 10385: 10381: 10378: 10374: 10370: 10366: 10363: 10359: 10356: 10352: 10349: 10345: 10341: 10337: 10334: 10330: 10327: 10323: 10320: 10316: 10315: 10313: 10311:Other scripts 10309: 10301: 10297: 10294: 10290: 10287: 10283: 10280: 10276: 10273: 10269: 10266: 10262: 10259: 10255: 10252: 10248: 10245: 10241: 10238: 10234: 10231: 10227: 10226: 10224: 10222: 10215: 10207: 10203: 10200: 10196: 10193: 10189: 10188: 10186: 10183: 10176: 10169: 10165: 10162: 10158: 10155: 10151: 10148: 10144: 10141: 10137: 10134: 10130: 10127: 10123: 10120: 10116: 10115: 10113: 10110: 10103: 10092: 10087: 10084: 10083:Northern Sámi 10080: 10075: 10070: 10065: 10064: 10062: 10058: 10055: 10051: 10048: 10044: 10041: 10037: 10036: 10034: 10032:Nordic family 10030: 10023: 10019: 10016: 10012: 10009: 10005: 10002: 9998: 9995: 9991: 9987: 9983: 9980: 9976: 9973: 9972:South African 9969: 9966: 9962: 9959: 9955: 9952: 9948: 9945: 9941: 9938: 9934: 9931: 9927: 9924: 9920: 9917: 9913: 9910: 9906: 9903: 9899: 9895: 9894:Luxembourgish 9891: 9888: 9884: 9881: 9877: 9874: 9870: 9867: 9863: 9860: 9856: 9853: 9849: 9846: 9842: 9839: 9835: 9832: 9828: 9825: 9821: 9818: 9814: 9811: 9807: 9804: 9800: 9796: 9792: 9788: 9785: 9781: 9778: 9774: 9770: 9766: 9763: 9759: 9756: 9752: 9749: 9745: 9742: 9738: 9737: 9735: 9733: 9729: 9726: 9722: 9715: 9711: 9708: 9707:ASCII braille 9704: 9701: 9697: 9694: 9690: 9689: 9687: 9683: 9675: 9668: 9663: 9661: 9656: 9654: 9649: 9648: 9645: 9641: 9623: 9620: 9618: 9615: 9613: 9610: 9608: 9605: 9603: 9600: 9598: 9595: 9593: 9590: 9588: 9585: 9583: 9580: 9578: 9575: 9573: 9570: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9558: 9555: 9551: 9548: 9546: 9543: 9541: 9538: 9536: 9533: 9531: 9528: 9526: 9523: 9522: 9521: 9518: 9516: 9513: 9511: 9508: 9506: 9503: 9501: 9498: 9496: 9493: 9491: 9488: 9486: 9483: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9461: 9458: 9456: 9453: 9451: 9448: 9447: 9444: 9440: 9435: 9431: 9421: 9418: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9402: 9399: 9395: 9390: 9386: 9372: 9369: 9367: 9364: 9362: 9359: 9357: 9354: 9352: 9349: 9347: 9344: 9343: 9341: 9337: 9331: 9328: 9326: 9323: 9321: 9318: 9316: 9313: 9311: 9308: 9306: 9303: 9302: 9300: 9296: 9292: 9288: 9283: 9279: 9265: 9262: 9261: 9259: 9255: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9238:Attic (Greek) 9236: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9225: 9223: 9219: 9213: 9210: 9208: 9205: 9203: 9200: 9199: 9197: 9193: 9187: 9184: 9182: 9179: 9177: 9176:Proto-Elamite 9174: 9172: 9169: 9167: 9164: 9162: 9159: 9157: 9154: 9152: 9149: 9148: 9146: 9142: 9136: 9133: 9131: 9128: 9126: 9123: 9121: 9118: 9116: 9113: 9111: 9108: 9107: 9105: 9103: 9099: 9089: 9086: 9084: 9081: 9079: 9076: 9074: 9071: 9070: 9068: 9064: 9058: 9055: 9053: 9050: 9048: 9045: 9043: 9040: 9038: 9035: 9031: 9028: 9026: 9023: 9021: 9018: 9017: 9016: 9013: 9011: 9008: 9006: 9003: 9001: 8998: 8996: 8993: 8992: 8990: 8988: 8984: 8981: 8979: 8975: 8971: 8967: 8962: 8958: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8863: 8860: 8859: 8856: 8852: 8847: 8843: 8829: 8826: 8824: 8821: 8819: 8816: 8814: 8811: 8809: 8806: 8804: 8801: 8800: 8798: 8794: 8788: 8785: 8783: 8780: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8770: 8768: 8765: 8763: 8760: 8758: 8755: 8753: 8750: 8748: 8745: 8743: 8740: 8738: 8735: 8733: 8730: 8728: 8725: 8723: 8720: 8716: 8713: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8701: 8698: 8696: 8693: 8691: 8690:Elder Futhark 8688: 8686: 8683: 8681: 8678: 8676: 8673: 8672: 8671: 8668: 8666: 8663: 8661: 8658: 8656: 8653: 8651: 8648: 8646: 8643: 8641: 8638: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8612: 8609: 8608: 8607: 8604: 8603: 8602: 8599: 8597: 8594: 8592: 8589: 8587: 8584: 8582: 8581:Old Hungarian 8579: 8577: 8574: 8572: 8569: 8567: 8564: 8562: 8559: 8557: 8554: 8552: 8549: 8547: 8544: 8542: 8539: 8537: 8534: 8532: 8529: 8527: 8524: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8497: 8495: 8492: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8451: 8450: 8447: 8445: 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8432: 8430: 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8409: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8387: 8385: 8382: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8364: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8306: 8303: 8302: 8301: 8298: 8296: 8293: 8289: 8286: 8284: 8281: 8280: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8271: 8269: 8266: 8264: 8261: 8259: 8256: 8254: 8251: 8249: 8246: 8244: 8241: 8239: 8236: 8232: 8229: 8228: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8208: 8206: 8202: 8198: 8194: 8189: 8185: 8171: 8168: 8166: 8163: 8161: 8158: 8156: 8153: 8151: 8148: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8138: 8136: 8133: 8131: 8128: 8126: 8123: 8121: 8118: 8116: 8115:Masaram Gondi 8113: 8111: 8108: 8106: 8103: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8085:Gunjala Gondi 8083: 8081: 8078: 8076: 8073: 8071: 8068: 8064: 8061: 8059: 8056: 8055: 8054: 8051: 8049: 8046: 8044: 8041: 8040: 8038: 8034: 8022: 8019: 8017: 8014: 8013: 8012: 8009: 8005: 8002: 8000: 7997: 7995: 7992: 7990: 7987: 7985: 7982: 7980: 7977: 7975: 7972: 7971: 7970: 7967: 7965: 7962: 7960: 7957: 7955: 7952: 7950: 7947: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7937: 7935: 7932: 7930: 7927: 7925: 7922: 7920: 7917: 7915: 7912: 7910: 7907: 7905: 7902: 7898: 7897:Old Sundanese 7895: 7894: 7893: 7890: 7888: 7885: 7883: 7880: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7842: 7841: 7840:Old Maldivian 7838: 7836: 7833: 7831: 7828: 7824: 7823:Bilang-bilang 7821: 7820: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7809: 7806: 7804: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7794: 7791: 7787: 7784: 7783: 7782: 7779: 7777: 7774: 7772: 7769: 7767: 7764: 7762: 7759: 7757: 7754: 7752: 7749: 7747: 7744: 7742: 7739: 7737: 7734: 7732: 7729: 7727: 7724: 7722: 7719: 7717: 7714: 7712: 7709: 7707: 7704: 7702: 7699: 7697: 7694: 7692: 7689: 7688: 7686: 7682: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7664: 7661: 7659: 7656: 7655: 7654: 7651: 7649: 7646: 7644: 7643:Sylheti Nagri 7641: 7639: 7636: 7634: 7631: 7629: 7626: 7624: 7621: 7617: 7614: 7613: 7612: 7609: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7597: 7595: 7592: 7590: 7587: 7585: 7582: 7580: 7577: 7575: 7572: 7570: 7567: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7546: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7530: 7527: 7525: 7522: 7520: 7517: 7515: 7512: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7455: 7452: 7450: 7447: 7445: 7444:Brahmi script 7442: 7440: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7431: 7429: 7425: 7422: 7420: 7416: 7412: 7408: 7403: 7399: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7377: 7374: 7372: 7369: 7367: 7364: 7363: 7362: 7359: 7357: 7354: 7350: 7347: 7345: 7342: 7341: 7340: 7339:South Arabian 7337: 7335: 7332: 7330: 7327: 7325: 7322: 7320: 7317: 7313: 7310: 7309: 7308: 7305: 7303: 7300: 7296: 7293: 7291: 7288: 7286: 7285:Inscriptional 7283: 7281: 7278: 7277: 7276: 7273: 7271: 7268: 7266: 7263: 7261: 7258: 7256: 7253: 7251: 7248: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7225: 7224: 7221: 7219: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7207: 7204: 7203: 7202: 7199: 7195: 7192: 7191: 7190: 7187: 7186: 7183: 7182: 7178: 7177: 7174: 7170: 7165: 7161: 7157: 7153: 7148: 7144: 7134: 7130: 7126: 7123: 7121: 7118: 7116: 7113: 7112: 7111: 7108: 7107: 7105: 7101: 7095: 7092: 7090: 7087: 7086: 7084: 7080: 7076: 7072: 7068: 7061: 7056: 7054: 7049: 7047: 7042: 7041: 7038: 7032: 7029: 7027: 7024: 7022: 7018: 7015: 7014: 7004: 7002:0-89346-293-4 6998: 6994: 6989: 6985: 6983:0-451-09262-7 6979: 6975: 6969: 6968: 6957: 6951: 6944: 6940: 6939:Zhou Youguang 6936: 6932: 6926: 6922: 6918: 6914: 6909: 6905: 6899: 6895: 6890: 6886: 6880: 6876: 6872: 6868: 6864: 6858: 6855:. Routledge. 6854: 6849: 6845: 6839: 6835: 6831: 6827: 6823: 6817: 6812: 6811: 6804: 6790: 6786: 6780: 6773: 6772: 6766: 6765: 6745: 6741: 6732: 6725: 6721: 6715: 6707: 6703: 6697: 6683:on 2008-12-26 6682: 6678: 6674: 6667: 6653:on 2008-03-17 6652: 6645: 6641: 6633: 6625: 6621: 6620:Qiānlóng wǎng 6617: 6609: 6602: 6598: 6592: 6588: 6581: 6574: 6570: 6564: 6560: 6556: 6549: 6541: 6537: 6535:新加坡汉字规范的回顾与前瞻 6528: 6521: 6516: 6508: 6504: 6495: 6479: 6475: 6467: 6460: 6455: 6441:on 2017-01-09 6440: 6433: 6432: 6427: 6419: 6412: 6408: 6403: 6396: 6391: 6384: 6379: 6372: 6367: 6360: 6355: 6348: 6343: 6336: 6331: 6323: 6321:0-415-31753-3 6317: 6314:. Routledge. 6313: 6306: 6299: 6295: 6290: 6282: 6278: 6274: 6268: 6262:, p. 17. 6261: 6256: 6250:, p. 19. 6249: 6244: 6237: 6232: 6218:on 2013-11-11 6217: 6213: 6205: 6197: 6191: 6187: 6183: 6171: 6163: 6155: 6141:on 2009-08-16 6140: 6136: 6132: 6125: 6123: 6101:on 2009-04-12 6100: 6093: 6089: 6081: 6067:on 2009-04-28 6066: 6059: 6055: 6047: 6045: 6030:on 2009-08-15 6029: 6025: 6021: 6013: 5999: 5995: 5983: 5979: 5968: 5960: 5956: 5948: 5944: 5923: 5921: 5909: 5908: 5901: 5897: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5876: 5872: 5870: 5867: 5865: 5862: 5860: 5857: 5856: 5852: 5841: 5838: 5832: 5827: 5820: 5818: 5817: 5812: 5806: 5796: 5791: 5787: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5767: 5762: 5760: 5756: 5752: 5748: 5744: 5739: 5736: 5726: 5724: 5720: 5716: 5712: 5707: 5705: 5701: 5691: 5687: 5684: 5680: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5654: 5650: 5640: 5637: 5629: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5605: 5604: 5600: 5595:This section 5593: 5589: 5584: 5583: 5579: 5569: 5567: 5556: 5547: 5545: 5535: 5532: 5524: 5520: 5516: 5514: 5503: 5486: 5482: 5473: 5469: 5467: 5463: 5462: 5457: 5453: 5452: 5446: 5441: 5432: 5425: 5420:战无不胜的毛泽东思想万岁! 5416: 5407: 5405: 5366:. Since both 5142: 5141: 5140: 5138: 5098: 5097: 5096: 5094: 5048: 5047: 5046: 5044: 5015: 5014: 5013: 5011: 4971: 4970: 4969: 4967: 4952: 4949: 4945: 4939: 4929: 4914: 4756: 4755: 4754: 4752: 4699: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4654: 4653: 4652: 4650: 4573: 4572: 4571: 4569: 4565: 4507: 4446: 4397: 4336: 4287: 4248: 4232: 4231: 4230: 4228: 4145: 4118: 4114: 4073: 4056: 4052: 4002: 3998: 3994: 3993: 3972: 3971:Complete List 3968: 3967: 3966: 3964: 3963:Complete List 3905: 3904: 3903: 3901: 3860: 3859: 3858: 3856: 3791: 3790: 3789: 3787: 3674: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3593: 3592: 3591: 3590: 3525: 3524: 3523: 3522: 3469: 3468: 3467: 3465: 3412: 3411: 3410: 3408: 3343: 3342: 3341: 3339: 3338: 3259: 3258: 3257: 3256: 3191: 3190: 3189: 3187: 3062: 3061: 3060: 3058: 2969: 2968: 2967: 2953: 2768: 2767: 2766: 2758: 2705: 2704: 2703: 2702: 2698: 2696: 2695:Complete List 2678: 2674: 2673: 2668: 2660: 2656: 2653: 2652: 2643: 2642:Complete List 2632: 2627: 2624: 2623: 2609: 2605: 2604: 2594: 2591: 2590: 2589: 2587: 2583: 2582: 2565: 2562: 2554: 2544: 2538: 2537: 2532:This section 2530: 2521: 2520: 2512: 2509: 2506: 2502: 2498: 2489: 2482: 2481: 2477:In 2013, the 2475: 2460: 2459: 2450: 2445: 2413: 2412: 2400: 2397: 2391: 2381: 2379: 2375: 2372: 2367: 2362: 2358: 2357: 2346: 2344: 2343:Qian Xuantong 2340: 2336: 2328: 2323: 2321: 2317: 2316:Yuen Ren Chao 2313: 2309: 2305: 2301: 2292: 2287: 2276: 2271: 2269: 2264: 2262: 2257: 2256: 2254: 2253: 2246: 2245:Qian Xuantong 2243: 2241: 2238: 2236: 2233: 2231: 2228: 2226: 2223: 2221: 2220:Qian Xuantong 2218: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2196: 2193: 2191: 2188: 2186: 2183: 2181: 2178: 2177: 2171: 2170: 2163: 2162: 2158: 2156: 2155: 2151: 2149: 2148: 2144: 2142: 2141: 2137: 2136: 2130: 2129: 2122: 2119: 2117: 2114: 2111: 2109: 2106: 2104: 2101: 2099: 2096: 2094: 2091: 2089: 2086: 2085: 2079: 2078: 2071: 2068: 2066: 2063: 2060: 2057: 2055: 2052: 2050: 2047: 2045: 2042: 2040: 2037: 2035: 2032: 2028: 2025: 2023: 2020: 2019: 2018: 2015: 2014: 2008: 2007: 2000: 1997: 1995: 1992: 1990: 1987: 1985: 1982: 1980: 1977: 1975: 1972: 1970: 1967: 1965: 1962: 1957: 1953: 1952: 1951: 1948: 1946: 1943: 1942: 1936: 1935: 1928: 1925: 1923: 1920: 1918: 1915: 1913: 1910: 1908: 1905: 1904: 1903: 1901: 1894: 1891: 1889: 1886: 1884: 1881: 1879: 1876: 1874: 1871: 1869: 1866: 1865: 1863: 1860:Aftermath of 1853: 1852: 1848: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1840: 1832: 1830: 1829: 1824: 1820: 1815: 1810: 100 AD 1804: 1803: 1802:Shuowen Jiezi 1798: 1794: 1783: 1779: 1778: 1772: 1725: 1721: 1717: 1706: 1702: 1673:—with either 1660: 1656: 1651: 1649: 1645: 1641: 1627: 1623: 1613: 1609: 1603: 1588: 1586: 1581: 1566: 1543: 1538: 1536: 1531: 1529: 1524: 1523: 1521: 1520: 1515: 1512: 1511: 1510: 1509: 1502: 1499: 1498: 1494: 1491: 1489: 1486: 1485: 1479: 1476: 1474: 1471: 1470: 1468: 1466: 1463: 1462: 1456: 1455: 1451: 1449: 1448: 1444: 1442: 1441: 1437: 1436: 1435: 1434: 1430: 1429: 1423: 1422: 1415: 1412: 1411: 1408: 1403: 1402: 1395: 1394: 1390: 1389: 1385: 1384: 1380: 1379: 1375: 1372: 1371: 1367: 1362: 1361: 1352: 1351: 1347: 1346: 1345: 1342: 1341: 1335: 1332: 1331: 1330: 1327: 1323: 1320: 1319: 1318: 1315: 1314: 1308: 1307: 1299: 1297: 1293: 1292: 1287: 1286: 1282: 1279: 1278: 1274: 1273: 1268: 1267: 1263: 1260: 1259: 1255: 1254: 1249: 1247: 1243: 1242: 1236: 1235: 1228: 1225: 1221: 1220: 1216: 1214: 1213: 1209: 1208: 1207: 1204: 1202: 1199: 1195: 1192: 1191: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1181: 1178: 1172: 1171: 1162: 1159: 1157: 1154: 1152: 1149: 1148: 1147: 1144: 1143: 1139: 1136: 1134: 1131: 1129: 1126: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1115: 1109: 1106: 1104: 1101: 1099: 1096: 1095: 1094: 1091: 1090: 1086: 1083: 1081: 1078: 1077: 1073: 1072: 1068: 1067: 1064: 1063:script styles 1061:Evolution of 1058: 1057: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1033: 1028: 1027: 1022: 1021: 1020: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1010: 1007: 1004: 1003: 1000: 998: 997:State Council 994: 993: 987: 983: 978: 975: 963: 945: 935: 931: 926: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 900: 896: 892: 888: 879: 869: 864: 862: 858: 850: 848: 844: 836: 834: 830: 827: 823: 817: 812: 810: 806: 798: 796: 792: 786:Chien-tʻi-tzŭ 782: 780: 776: 768: 766: 762: 754: 752: 748: 745: 741: 736: 732: 724: 722: 718: 710: 708: 704: 699: 689: 684: 682: 678: 670: 668: 664: 656: 654: 650: 647: 643: 637: 632: 630: 626: 618: 616: 612: 606:Chien-hua-tzŭ 602: 600: 596: 588: 586: 582: 574: 572: 568: 565: 561: 556: 552: 547: 542: 540: 536: 531: 526: 524: 520: 516: 511: 502: 490: 486: 484: 480: 473: 463: 461: 457: 452: 446: 443: 441: 438: 436: 433: 431: 428: 426: 423: 421: 418: 416: 413: 412: 410: 404: 391: 390: 389: 386: 385: 384: 381: 380: 379: 376: 375: 374: 370: 364: 359: 356: 353: 349: 346: 342: 339: 335: 329: 327:Left-to-right 326: 325: 324: 320: 316: 310: 303: 300: 298: 295: 293: 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 279: 276: 272: 268: 264: 260: 256: 251: 245: 236: 233: 218: 215: 207: 197: 193: 189: 183: 182: 177:This article 175: 166: 165: 156: 153: 145: 134: 131: 127: 124: 120: 117: 113: 110: 106: 103: – 102: 98: 97:Find sources: 91: 87: 81: 80: 75:This article 73: 69: 64: 63: 58: 56: 49: 48: 43: 42: 37: 32: 23: 22: 19: 12845:Hanyu Pinyin 12835:Romanization 12742:Semi-cursive 12587:Old Mandarin 12544:Stroke count 12471: 12464: 12386:Old National 12229:Unclassified 11134:Southwestern 10967:Northeastern 10949:Major groups 10938: 10384:Thai and Lao 10061:Scandinavian 9693:1829 braille 9685:Braille cell 9485:Cypro-Minoan 9351:Pahawh Hmong 9264:Sitelen Pona 9228:Hindu-Arabic 8994: 8561:Mundari Bani 8135:Pahawh Hmong 7944:Tamil-Brahmi 7850:Eveyla Akuru 7845:Dhives Akuru 7312:Paleo-Hebrew 7179: 7115:undeciphered 6992: 6972: 6942: 6912: 6893: 6874: 6852: 6833: 6809: 6796:. Retrieved 6770: 6748:. Retrieved 6746:(in Chinese) 6743: 6736:Liu, Shahe. 6731: 6723: 6714: 6705: 6696: 6685:. Retrieved 6681:the original 6676: 6666: 6655:. Retrieved 6651:the original 6643: 6632: 6624:the original 6619: 6608: 6600: 6586: 6580: 6572: 6554: 6548: 6539: 6527: 6515: 6506: 6494: 6482:. Retrieved 6477: 6466: 6454: 6443:. Retrieved 6439:the original 6429: 6418: 6402: 6390: 6378: 6366: 6354: 6342: 6330: 6311: 6305: 6289: 6280: 6267: 6255: 6243: 6231: 6220:. Retrieved 6216:the original 6204: 6185: 6170: 6154: 6143:. Retrieved 6139:the original 6134: 6103:. Retrieved 6099:the original 6091: 6080: 6069:. Retrieved 6065:the original 6057: 6032:. Retrieved 6028:the original 6023: 6012: 6001:. Retrieved 5997: 5985:. Retrieved 5981: 5967: 5958: 5947: 5905: 5900: 5873: 5851:China portal 5814: 5808: 5790:language tag 5783: 5775: 5771:localisation 5763: 5740: 5732: 5708: 5697: 5688: 5676: 5668: 5660: 5651: 5647: 5632: 5623: 5608:Please help 5596: 5562: 5553: 5541: 5533: 5530: 5527:In education 5521: 5517: 5509: 5492: 5483: 5479: 5470: 5459: 5455: 5449: 5442: 5438: 5429: 5410:Distribution 5403: 5173: 5125: 5124: 5075: 5074: 5042: 5041: 4998: 4997: 4954: 4953: 4947: 4943: 4941: 4915: 4866: 4750: 4749: 4693: 4692: 4648: 4647: 4567: 4566: 4562: 4226: 4225: 4116: 4075:), include: 4054: 4000: 3996: 3970: 3962: 3960: 3899: 3898: 3854: 3853: 3785: 3784: 3668: 3667: 3588: 3587: 3520: 3519: 3463: 3462: 3406: 3405: 3334: 3333: 3254: 3253: 3185: 3184: 3056: 3055: 2951: 2950: 2756: 2755: 2700: 2699: 2694: 2692: 2676: 2670: 2658: 2641: 2608:General List 2607: 2586:General List 2585: 2579: 2577: 2557: 2548: 2533: 2510: 2495: 2478: 2476: 2456: 2448: 2446: 2409: 2406: 2393: 2377: 2364: 2354: 2352: 2324: 2308:Qing dynasty 2296: 2225:Shen Congwen 2160: 2152: 2145: 2138: 2038: 1999:New humanism 1897: 1826: 1805:dictionary ( 1800: 1775: 1773: 1652: 1637: 1625: 1619: 1611: 1605: 1572: 1562: 1556: 1553:Nomenclature 1452: 1445: 1438: 1431: 1391: 1381: 1368:and readings 1348: 1322:second round 1295: 1283: 1275: 1264: 1256: 1245: 1218: 1211: 1128:Semi-cursive 1069: 1024: 990: 979: 927: 886: 885: 839:Gáan tái jih 751:Hanyu Pinyin 706: 659:Gáan faa jih 621:Jiǎn-huà-zìh 591:ㄐㄧㄢˇ ㄏㄨㄚˋ ㄗˋ 571:Hanyu Pinyin 522: 495:and ⟨ 477: 317:1956–present 228: 210: 201: 178: 148: 139: 129: 122: 115: 108: 96: 84:Please help 79:verification 76: 52: 45: 39: 38:Please help 35: 18: 12914:Xiao'erjing 12776:Punctuation 12769:Traditional 12722:Oracle bone 12706:Logographic 12602:Proto-Hakka 12577:Eastern Han 12572:Old Chinese 12434:Classifiers 12401:Northern Wu 12329:Singaporean 11535: [ 11523: [ 11511: [ 11499: [ 11487: [ 10883:RoboBraille 10707:Róża Czacka 10647:Perforation 10444:Independent 10342:(Bhutanese) 10077:Greenlandic 9748:Azerbaijani 9550:Jindai moji 9439:Syllabaries 9410:SignWriting 9310:Celtiberian 9212:Hieroglyphs 9015:Seal script 9000:Traditional 8872:Blissymbols 8777:Warang Citi 8752:Tolong Siki 8705:Marcomannic 8685:Dalecarlian 8675:Anglo-Saxon 8655:Pau Cin Hau 8546:Medefaidrin 8499:Merovingian 8459:Blackletter 8367:Asomtavruli 8160:Warang Citi 7969:Ulu scripts 7914:New Tai Lue 7857:Mon–Burmese 7711:Bhattiprolu 7539:Nandinagari 7366:ʾEsṭrangēlā 7125:constructed 7017:Andrew West 6761:Works cited 6644:Xīnhuá wǎng 6435:中国教育和科研计算机网 6359:Bökset 2006 6347:Bökset 2006 6260:Bökset 2006 6248:Bökset 2006 5761:encodings. 5700:Philippines 5679:South Korea 5424:Xinhua Gate 5418:The slogan 4932:Novel forms 2684:simplified. 2679:) contains 2675:(hereafter 2649:Novel forms 2629: [ 2615:simplified. 2596:characters. 2515:Methodology 2432:; 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The 1701:component 1608:Qiu Xigui 1564:jiǎnhuàzì 1108:Bird-worm 915:Hong Kong 911:Singapore 577:Jiǎnhuàzì 460:ISO 15924 454:ISO 15924 351:Languages 345:Singapore 322:Direction 274:Published 192:verifying 47:talk page 12887:Bopomofo 12816:Phonetic 12808:Two-cell 12737:Clerical 12647:in Japan 12642:Adoption 12630:Official 12621:Literary 12496:Boshiamy 12473:Xiehouyu 12429:Numerals 12406:Mandarin 12334:Standard 12294:Standard 12168:Qin–Lian 12158:Yong–Xun 12143:Gao–Yang 12089:Jiujiang 12077:Malaysia 12011:Tingzhou 11962:Wenchang 11923:Jianyang 11913:Northern 11872:Sanxiang 11786:Quanzhou 11769:Southern 11738:Manjiang 11602:Changsha 11562:Nanchang 11557:Chang–Du 11454:Xuanzhou 11444:Qingtian 11398:Wencheng 11344:Jiangyin 11339:Jinxiang 11329:Shaoxing 11323:Hangzhou 11303:Shanghai 11244:Qinjiang 11152:Minjiang 11124:Xinjiang 11082:Dongping 11046:Jiaoliao 10985:Shenyang 10958:Mandarin 10487:Japanese 10348:Georgian 10340:Dzongkha 10326:Armenian 10244:Gujarati 10109:Cyrillic 10040:Estonian 10015:Yugoslav 9951:Romanian 9923:Nigerian 9838:Hawaiian 9824:Ghanaian 9741:Albanian 9602:Sumerian 9567:Linear B 9530:Katakana 9525:Hiragana 9475:Cherokee 9405:ASLwrite 9366:Bopomofo 9221:Numerals 9207:Hieratic 9166:Isthmian 9135:Sumerian 9115:Assyrian 9110:Akkadian 8767:Vithkuqi 8742:Tifinagh 8710:Medieval 8665:Pisidian 8660:Phrygian 8631:Vagindra 8576:Ol Chiki 8484:Interlac 8439:Kayah Li 8429:Jenticha 8384:Veso Bey 8372:Nuskhuri 8362:Georgian 8332:Formosan 8327:Etruscan 8322:Enochian 8278:Cyrillic 8263:Coelbren 8221:Armenian 8120:Meroitic 8110:Mandombe 8100:Jenticha 7964:Tigalari 7929:Tai Viet 7924:Tai Tham 7904:Tagbanwa 7756:Javanese 7706:Baybayin 7696:Balinese 7684:Southern 7579:Pracalit 7574:Pachumol 7549:Bhujimol 7509:Mahajani 7469:Gurmukhi 7459:Gujarati 7427:Northern 7407:Abugidas 7388:Ugaritic 7376:Maḏnḥāyā 7250:Tifinagh 7243:Solitreo 7181:Numerals 7094:Grapheme 7082:Overview 6974:Alphabet 6941:(2003). 6789:Archived 6283:. 11–15. 6277:Hu, Shih 6236:Qiu 2000 6181:现代汉语规范词典 5823:See also 5755:Japanese 5747:GB 18030 5132:becomes 5005:becomes 4961:becomes 4901:radical 4895:⽊ 4250:), thus 2011:Practice 1724:the wars 1689:'window' 1579:jiǎntǐzì 1493:Bopomofo 1454:katakana 1447:hiragana 1407:Variants 1350:kyūjitai 1201:Radicals 1151:Fangsong 1118:Clerical 956:⼏ 938:⼓ 847:Jyutping 765:Bopomofo 757:Jiǎntǐzì 667:Jyutping 585:Bopomofo 493:/ / 489:Help:IPA 445:Bopomofo 12786:Braille 12747:Cursive 12697:Scripts 12564:History 12554:ZhengMa 12500:Cangjie 12466:Chengyu 12421:Grammar 12396:Hokkien 12353:Hokkien 12261:Waxiang 12241:Danzhou 12213:Guandao 12198:Younian 12193:Tongdao 12182:Pinghua 12122:Taishan 12038:Raoping 12006:Huizhou 11996:Meixian 11972:Banqiao 11945:Leizhou 11935:Pu–Xian 11930:Central 11918:Jian'ou 11893:Longyan 11841:Teochew 11778:Hokkien 11753:Nanlang 11709:Fu–Ning 11689:Changle 11671:Houguan 11662:Eastern 11609:Loushao 11597:Changyi 11579:Da–Tong 11574:Ying–Yi 11520:Yanzhou 11388:Wenzhou 11381:Oujiang 11372:Tiantai 11367:Taizhou 11276:Zhi–Yan 11223:Nantong 11218:Nanjing 11193:Gui–Liu 11183:Nanping 11178:Kunming 11104:Luoyang 11059:Qingdao 11031:Tianjin 11008:Beijing 11000:Beijing 10392:Tibetan 10333:Burmese 10319:Amharic 10302:(India) 10279:Sinhala 10272:Punjabi 10251:Kannada 10199:Persian 10154:Russian 10094:Swedish 10072:Finnish 10047:Faroese 10022:Zambian 9994:Turkish 9979:Spanish 9902:Maltese 9880:Latvian 9873:Italian 9852:Iñupiaq 9831:Guarani 9791:English 9762:Catalan 9679:⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑ 9674:Braille 9557:Kikakui 9495:Eskayan 9480:Cypriot 9330:Dunging 9202:Demotic 9181:Tenevil 9125:Hittite 9120:Elamite 9073:Jurchen 9052:Sawndip 9047:Chữ Nôm 8947:Zapotec 8942:Yerkish 8917:Nsibidi 8902:Miꞌkmaw 8892:Isotype 8862:Adinkra 8803:Braille 8787:Zaghawa 8757:Vellara 8737:Sunuwar 8727:Sidetic 8722:Shavian 8650:Osmanya 8640:Ol Onal 8494:Kurrent 8479:Insular 8469:Fraktur 8444:Klingon 8434:Kaddare 8408:Archaic 8317:Elbasan 8305:Chinook 8295:Deseret 8283:Bosnian 8238:Avoiuli 8226:Avestan 8216:Ariyaka 8145:Tengwar 8043:Bharati 8004:Serawai 7994:Pasemah 7979:Lampung 7934:Lai Tay 7919:Tai Noi 7882:Sinhala 7862:Pallava 7830:Makasar 7818:Lontara 7793:Kulitan 7766:Kannada 7761:Kadamba 7751:Hanunoo 7741:Grantha 7736:Fakkham 7653:Tibetan 7638:Soyombo 7633:Siddhaṃ 7628:Sharada 7604:Litumol 7594:Tirhuta 7584:Ranjana 7569:Kvemmol 7529:Multani 7514:Marchen 7479:Kalinga 7419:Brahmic 7356:Sogdian 7295:Psalter 7275:Pahlavi 7255:Mandaic 7233:Cursive 7218:Elymaic 7189:Aramaic 6459:Li 2020 5912:经过简化的汉字 5869:Ryakuji 5809:Author 5793:zh-Hans 5751:Unicode 5743:GB 2312 5698:In the 5618:removed 5603:sources 5088:become 4897: 4883: 4519:, thus 4458:, thus 4409:, thus 4348:, thus 4299:, thus 4053:The 14 2732:乾、幹、榦、干 2720:復、複、覆、复 2708:蒙、懞、濛、矇 2320:Hu Shih 2230:Yu Dafu 2215:Mao Dun 2200:Lao She 2195:Hu Shih 1950:Science 1750:, with 1714:), the 1591:History 1469:Khitan 1311:Reforms 1189:Strokes 1133:Regular 1123:Cursive 1051:Chữ Hán 974:cursive 958: 940: 934:strokes 930:radical 481:in the 425:Chữ Nôm 355:Chinese 186:Please 126:scholar 12855:Postal 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