Knowledge

Pali literature

Source šŸ“

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The reform period between the 10th to 13th centuries saw an explosion of new Pali literature. Part of the impulse behind these literary efforts was the fear that warfare on the island could lead to the decline of Buddhism. This literature includes the work of prominent scholars such as Anuruddha,
1249:. Buddhagosa writes that he based his commentaries on older works which were brought to Sri Lanka when Buddhism first arrived there, and were translated into Sinhalese. K.R. Norman has written that there is evidence that some parts of the commentaries are very old. 919:
grammar and poetics, particularly as interpreted by the Sri Lankan scholar Ratnamati. During this period, these new Pali doctrinal works also show an increasing awareness of topics found in Sanskrit Buddhist Mahayana literature.
35:
Burmese-Pali manuscript copy of the Buddhist text Mahaniddesa, showing three different types of Burmese script, (top) medium square, (centre) round and (bottom) outline round in red lacquer from the inside of one of the gilded
770:
Much of the extant Pali literature is from Sri Lanka, which became the headquarters of Theravada for centuries. Most extant Pali literature was written and composed there, though some was also produced in outposts in
2054: 927:, though some has also been written in Thailand, Laos and Cambodia, as well as Ceylon. This Burmese literature has in turn been dominated by writings directly or indirectly concerned with the 2223: 2087: 1587: 1677: 1380: 2098: 1344: 1266: 1434: 1336: 1990: 1621: 1579: 1544: 3621: 1737: 2046: 1764: 1613: 790:, some of the earliest Pali commentaries and exegetical manuals (which are now sometimes included within the Pali Canon itself) were written, mainly the 779:, was committed to writing in Sri Lanka at about the first century BCE (though it contains material that is much older, possibly dating to the period of 4536: 3011: 2038:
of Arimaddana, an influential Pali grammar; Burma (c. 1154 CE). K.R. Norman calls it "the greatest of extant Pali grammars." It draws on Kaccayana and
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are secondary commentaries, that is to say, commentaries on the Atthakathas. Dhammapala is one early author of tikas. He is particularly known for his
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A short practice manual by Upatissa (possibly 1st century CE), the Pali text is now lost, and only the Chinese translation survives.
5356: 4808: 5011: 2991: 2727: 19: 3174: 3016: 1332:- Acariya Anuruddha, A summary of the Abhidhamma, widely used as an introductory Abhidhamma text, c. 11th to 12th century. 5351: 1592: 1485:
According to Kate Crosby, this is one of the most extensive manuals of Esoteric Theravada meditation and was compiled by
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along with various commentaries on the Pali Canon. Several other commentators worked after Buddhaghosa, such as
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These are early works written after the closure of the canon. The first four of these texts are present in the
1304:, The earliest effort at an introductory manual which summarizes the doctrines in the Abhidhamma (5th century) 5333: 5031: 4714: 3006: 2839: 1760:- Moratuve Medhananda Thera, An epic poem on the life of the Buddha & his teachings in 2000 verses (1917) 474: 4916: 4788: 4759: 4461: 893: 386: 2712:(eds.). "Practical Canons from Buddhist Pasts: What Pāli Anthologies Can Tell Us about Buddhist History". 4607: 4516: 3986: 3631: 3144: 3039: 2723: 2234:
huge collection of canonical and post-canonical pali literature, some of the texts absent at tipitaka.org
2128:
Illustrated Pali manuscript of the Abhidhamma chet kamphi (chanting prompts for text chanted at funerals)
2120:
Illustrated Pali manuscript of the Abhidhamma chet kamphi (chanting prompts for text chanted at funerals)
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Perera, HR; Buddhism in Sri Lanka A Short History, Buddhist Publication Society, Kandy, Sri Lanka, page
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A genre which consists of stories in mixed prose and verse, often focusing on the advantages of giving (
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The Tipitaka ("Triple Basket"), also known as Pali Canon, is divided into three "baskets" (Pali:
932: 624: 549: 424: 2345: 1826:, Date is unknown but after Buddhaghosa. It's the earliest and most influential grammar of Pali. 1681:- "The Oil-Cauldron Verses.", Collection of Sri Lankan poems from a monk thrown into boiling oil 724: 5398: 5238: 4906: 4876: 4649: 4600: 4441: 4389: 4384: 4146: 3967: 3864: 3616: 3611: 3360: 2709: 1328: 905: 780: 212: 207: 182: 77: 3728: 1292:, A very influential compendium of Buddhist doctrine and practice by Buddhagosa (5th century). 1057: 328: 5403: 5373: 4954: 4886: 4719: 4634: 4629: 4553: 4548: 4466: 2996: 2185: 1904: 1084: 704:
is the traditional language. The earliest and most important Pali literature constitutes the
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is a new Pali grammar by Moggallana who created a new school of grammar c. 12th century.
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During the first millennium, Pali literature consisted of two major genres: histories (
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Esoteric Theravada: The Story of the Forgotten Meditation Tradition of Southeast Asia,
2070: 1617:- Dhammakitti Mahasami, Literary and ecclesiastical history of Buddhism (14th century) 1583:- Vedehathera, A poem in 796 stanzas on the Buddha's life and his visits to Sri Lanka. 1074: 1048: 885: 459: 5474: 5436: 5132: 5117: 5080: 5065: 4838: 4754: 4669: 4506: 4471: 4456: 4183: 4173: 3854: 3701: 3686: 3557: 3480: 3400: 3335: 3267: 3154: 2911: 2775: 2763: 2755: 2739: 2382: 2319: 2248: 2195: 2180: 993: 928: 903:, grammars, summaries and textbooks on Abhidhamma and Vinaya such as the influential 803: 791: 599: 574: 434: 391: 381: 247: 222: 107: 92: 27:, most of which have not survived the humid climate of South Asia and Southeast Asia. 16:
Oldest Buddhist texts in Middle Indo-Aryan language native to the Indian subcontinent
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style Pali poetry and philological works. Their work owed much to the influence of
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by Dhammakitti, a chronicle of Buddhist history, focusing on relics, such as the
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Rewriting Buddhism: Pali Literature and Monastic Reform in Sri Lanka, 1157ā€“1270,
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Rewriting Buddhism: Pali Literature and Monastic Reform in Sri Lanka, 1157ā€“1270,
2490:
Rewriting Buddhism: Pali Literature and Monastic Reform in Sri Lanka, 1157ā€“1270,
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Rewriting Buddhism: Pali Literature and Monastic Reform in Sri Lanka, 1157ā€“1270,
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Rewriting Buddhism: Pali Literature and Monastic Reform in Sri Lanka, 1157ā€“1270,
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Rewriting Buddhism: Pali Literature and Monastic Reform in Sri Lanka, 1157ā€“1270,
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Rewriting Buddhism: Pali Literature and Monastic Reform in Sri Lanka, 1157ā€“1270,
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written in 1861 by PaƱƱasami, a history of Buddhism, including Burmese Buddhism.
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school. These are of Indian origin, and were written down during the reign of
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A Thai Buddhist Chronicle, by a Thai elder named RatapaƱƱa (16th century)
2062: 1769: 1689:- Buddharakkhita, 278 verse poem on the life of the Buddha (12th century) 1409: 1393: 1313: 1301: 1289: 1246: 1237:) were written in Sri Lanka by various (some anonymous) authors, such as 1166: 1095:, "It is clear that the Abhidhamma is later than the rest of the canon." 873: 863: 772: 744: 644: 614: 589: 444: 429: 5261: 3721: 2751: 1697:- Mahakassapa of Cola, Story of Maitreya, the next Buddha (12th century) 1192:- "Instruction on the Pitaka", another text on exegesis and hermeneutics 1023: 504: 5216: 5174: 5050: 4856: 4781: 4395: 4379: 4341: 4321: 4216: 4191: 4099: 4034: 4014: 3760: 3691: 3562: 3445: 3415: 3350: 3300: 2958: 2948: 2921: 2240:"Beyond the Tipitaka: A Field Guide to Post-canonical Pali Literature," 1727:- Buddhapiya Dipankara (13th century), poem on the beauty of the Buddha 1670: 1568: 1552: 1242: 1238: 1233: 1201: 1088: 957: 843: 787: 728: 639: 539: 529: 356: 303: 157: 147: 4236: 3232: 5191: 5164: 4331: 4206: 3918: 3834: 3711: 3601: 3574: 3567: 3530: 3487: 3450: 3217: 3182: 3149: 3124: 3079: 2273:
Nirvana and other Buddhist Felicities: Utopias of the Pali imaginaire
2190: 2035: 1719:- Medhankara, 472 verse poem on the life of the Buddha (13th century) 1536: 1521: 1513: 1014: 975: 967: 943: 923:
From the 15th century onwards, Pali literature has been dominated by
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Tse-Fu Kuan. Mindfulness in similes in Early Buddhist literature in
1986:- Siddhattha, A "manual of Dhamma" in prose and verse (13th century) 1836:
by Vimalabuddhi (11th century), a commentary on Kaccayana's Grammar.
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by Vedeha (13th century), a life story of the Bodhisatta Siddhattha
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but not in the Thai or Sri Lankan. They are also not mentioned by
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These are jataka collections that are outside of the Pali Canon:
1900: 1816: 859:, which are verse chronicles of Buddhism in India and Sri Lanka. 798: 763:
The Pali language is a composite language which draws on various
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The earliest and most important Pali literature constitutes the
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which contains details about Buddhist texts and their authors.
1504:
The following include various Buddhist historical chronicles (
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A Thai Chronicle, focusing on the various Buddhist councils (
1499: 1277: 1184:- "The Book of Guidance", a work on exegesis and hermeneutics 924: 313: 2276:, Cambridge University Press, 1998 (paperback edition 2006). 1376:(topics) of the seven books of the Abhidhamma (12th century) 1340:- Acariya Anuruddha, A verse introduction to the Abhidhamma 5316: 4109: 3775: 3272: 1629:
that enshrine the hair relics of the Buddha. (14th century)
931:, the part of the Canon variously described as philosophy, 701: 499: 2228: 2066:- Catalog of ancient Buddhist commentators (19th century). 1412:, A verse summary of the Parivara, the final book of the 4974: 3510: 1467:- Sri Lankan meditation manual (c. 16th-17th century) of 2356:, Colombo, Buddhist Cultural Centre, Dehiwala, 2004(see 2050:- Mahāmaį¹…gala, Story of Buddhagosa (Burma, 15th century) 1970:- A small collection of texts taken from the Suttapitaka 775:. Most of the oldest collection of Pali Literature, the 1768:- Widurapola Piyatissa, 1500 verse poem on the life of 1489:
Sinhalese students of Thai esoteric meditation masters.
2787: 2785: 1360:- By the nun Khema, A "short manual on the Abhidhamma" 2305: 715:
Pali literature includes numerous genres, including
23:
Pre-modern copies of the Tipiį¹­aka were preserved in
2782: 2229:
Large collection of Pali literature in the original
2107:, originally in Burmese, translated to Pali (1950). 2058:- A narrative of the travels of the monk Māleyyadev 1930: 1914:
of Sangharakkhita (12th century), a work on poetics
1221: 866:(4th or 5th century CE), who wrote the influential 2318:. Kandy, Sri Lanka: Buddhist Publication Society. 1961:Anthologies of various texts on different topics: 1396:, A verse summary of the first four books of the 1176:A collection of important suttas from the Tipitaka 1952:a story told in Jataka style about Buddha statues 1741:- A poem that describes the five forms of rebirth 1645: 1525:- "The Great Chronicle" (6th century) by Mahanama 947:A Palm-leaf style manuscript from a Thai Tipitaka 5499: 2224:Comprehensive Reference Table of Pali Literature 2433:. Buddhist Foundations of Mindfulness, page 267 1669:by Upatissa, a historical poem focusing on the 1091:, i.e. Philosophical Psychology). According to 862:The commentarial works include the writings of 2022:, collections of aphorisms of worldly wisdom ( 1459:- a Medical text from Sri Lanka (13th century) 1010:(a list of rules for monastics) and commentary 2840: 1926:by Sangharakkhita, a work on verbs and syntax 1548:, a commentary of the Mahavamsa (6th century) 1150: 1028:analyses of rules from various points of view 671: 3622:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna 2495: 1316:- A short manual on Abhidhamma (5th century) 938: 876:(c. fifth century), Ananda (sixth century), 2708:Young, Jonathan (August 2020). Copp, Paul; 1352:thinks this might be a different Anuruddha. 2847: 2833: 1997: 1591:- Life story of the Sinhala Buddhist king 1278:Doctrinal Manuals, Summaries and Treatises 678: 664: 2418:, Cambridge University Press, 1990, p. 3. 2008:- A Southeast Asian genre of Buddhist law 1978:- A selection of texts from the Tripitaka 1430:- Short summaries on monastic discipline. 2123: 2115: 1920:, a work on Pali meter by Sangharakkhita 1493: 1448:a work dealing with monastic boundaries 942: 30: 18: 4809:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal 2381:Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. pp. 2ā€“3. 2349:(Onalaska, Wash: Pariyatti Press, 2011) 2111: 966:, the main scripture collection of the 5500: 5012:List of Buddhist architecture in China 2267:, Royal Asiatic Society, London, 1909. 1894: 1705:- Birth Stories of the Ten Bodhisattas 1517:- "The Island Chronicle" (4th century) 2828: 2728:University of Chicago Divinity School 2707: 2703: 2701: 2699: 2471: 2469: 2467: 2283:, Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden, 1983 1749:- 629 short verses in praise of the 1605:, mostly borrowed from the Sanskrit 996:(Basket of the Monastic Discipline) 1810: 1711:Another collection of birth stories 1348:- attributed to Acariya Anuruddha, 1252: 1231:A collection of Pali Commentaries ( 1204:. A dialogue between a monk and an 13: 4799:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism 2696: 2603:Chapter 2. Shambhala Publications. 2354:Pali literature of South-East Asia 2255: 708:, the authoritative scriptures of 14: 5519: 2464: 2290:, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 1996 2216: 1776: 1650:Most Sinhalese Pali poetry is in 5480: 5470: 5469: 5027:Thai temple art and architecture 4772:Huichang persecution of Buddhism 3012:Iconography in Laos and Thailand 2878: 2865: 2855: 2429:Edo Shonin, William Van Gordon, 2311: 2297:, Harvard University Press, 1896 1931:Non-canonical Jataka collections 1846:by Chapata or Saddhammajoti-pala 1222:Pali texts composed in Sri Lanka 951: 61: 2879: 2812: 2803: 2794: 2687: 2678: 2669: 2660: 2651: 2642: 2633: 2624: 2615: 2606: 2593: 2584: 2575: 2566: 2563:Norman (1983), pp. 31, 108-113. 2557: 2548: 2539: 2530: 2517: 2504: 1815:Works on Pali language, mostly 1226: 1053:the "middle-length" discourses. 901:subcommentaries to the Tipitaka 5017:Japanese Buddhist architecture 4819:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism 3899:Seven Factors of Enlightenment 3090:Places where the Buddha stayed 2545:Norman (1983), pp. 18, 30, 96. 2482: 2451: 2438: 2421: 2408: 2371: 2206:List of Pali Canon anthologies 1956: 1646:Poetry (mostly hagiographical) 1257:Sub-commentarial works called 909:of Anuruddha. They also wrote 847:). The histories include the 1: 5032:Tibetan Buddhist architecture 2364: 2315:An Analysis of the Pali Canon 2302:The Pali Literature of Ceylon 2136:a work on cosmology, c. 1520. 2055:Braįø„ Māleyyadevattheravatthuį¹ƒ 1556:by Vacissara, a chronicle of 1061:, the "connected" discourses. 1019:22 chapters on various topics 830:may also belong to this post- 4789:Buddhism and the Roman world 4765:Decline of Buddhism in India 4760:History of Buddhism in India 2860:   Topics in 2666:Norman (1983), pp. 163 -167. 2377:Norman, Kenneth Roy (1983). 2264:The Pali Literature of Burma 1169:as being part of the canon. 7: 3987:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar 3727: 2818:Norman (1983), pp. 181-182. 2724:University of Chicago Press 2675:Norman (1983), pp. 167-168. 2358:https://www.buddhistcc.com/ 2346:Buddhavacana: A Pali Reader 2288:Handbook of Pali Literature 2159: 2088:Sima-vivada-vinichaya-katha 1595:(r. 247-249) (13th century) 1588:Hatthavanagalla-viharavamsa 1070:the "numerical" discourses. 984: 786:At around the start of the 344: 335: 281:Sri Lankan Forest Tradition 10: 5524: 4937:The unanswerable questions 2693:Norman (1983), pp. 172-174 2684:Norman (1983), pp. 177-180 2657:Norman (1983), pp. 153-156 2612:Norman (1983), pp. 137-145 2523:Gornall, Alastair (2020). 2510:Gornall, Alastair (2020). 2488:Gornall, Alastair (2020). 2475:Gornall, Alastair (2020). 2457:Gornall, Alastair (2020). 2444:Gornall, Alastair (2020). 2401:Gornall, Alastair (2020). 1497: 1384:- Chappata, (15th century) 1270:, a sub-commentary on the 1151:Early Post-Canonical Texts 955: 758: 286:Southern Esoteric Buddhism 5465: 5417: 5332: 5247: 5022:Buddhist temples in Korea 4945: 4847: 4730: 4427: 4355: 4182: 4055: 3995: 3630: 3585:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism 3496: 3488:Three planes of existence 3436: 3281: 3173: 3103: 3095:Buddha in world religions 2957: 2902: 2874: 2527:pp. 29-30, 37. UCL Press. 1702:Dasabodhisattuppattikatha 1245:, Mahanama, Upasena, and 939:Canonical Pali Literature 899:They worked on compiling 693:is concerned mainly with 4804:Persecution of Buddhists 4025:Four stages of awakening 3406:Three marks of existence 2992:Physical characteristics 2416:Introduction to Buddhism 2295:Buddhism in Translations 1880:and the auto-commentary 1540:- "The Lesser Chronicle" 1044:, the "long" discourses. 4167:Ten principal disciples 3050:(aunt, adoptive mother) 2710:Wedemeyer, Christian K. 2648:Norman (1983), pp. 156- 2352:Hammalawa Saddhatissa, 2155:) from the 18th century 2100:The Progress of Insight 2016:Lokaniti, Maharahaniti, 1998:Burmese Pali literature 1625:- A history of the six 1079:the "minor collection". 884:Sumangala, Siddhattha, 814:. Other works like the 723:(monastic discipline), 719:(Buddhist discourses), 625:Varanggana Vanavichayen 362:Seven Aids to Awakening 4877:Buddhism and democracy 4390:Tibetan Buddhist canon 4385:Chinese Buddhist canon 3617:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 3612:Early Buddhist schools 2621:Norman (1983), p. 140. 2581:Norman (1983), p. 148. 2572:Norman (1983), p. 119. 2293:Warren (ed & tr), 2129: 2121: 1874:Moggallayana-vyakarana 1858:, a re-arrangement of 1800:Sahassavatthuppakarana 1329:Abhidhammattha-sangaha 948: 906:Abhidhammattha-sangaha 896:and Moggallana Thera. 781:pre-sectarian Buddhism 208:Pre-sectarian Buddhism 183:Abhidhammattha-sangaha 37: 28: 4887:Eight Consciousnesses 2997:Life of Buddha in art 2809:Norman (1983), p. 180 2800:Norman (1983), p. 164 2791:Norman (1983), p. 175 2639:Norman (1983), p. 179 2630:Norman (1983), p. 174 2599:Crosby, Kate (2020). 2590:Norman (1983), p. 152 2554:Norman (1983), p. 96. 2536:Norman (1983), p. 10. 2514:pp. 14-16. UCL Press. 2479:pp. 39-41. UCL Press. 2461:pp. 38-39. UCL Press. 2245:List of texts in Pāli 2127: 2119: 1950:Kosala-bimba-vannana, 1795:Sihalavatthuppakarana 1709:Dasabodhisattuddesa - 1494:Historical Chronicles 1345:Paramattha-vinicchaya 946: 630:Dhammananda Bhikkhuni 276:Thai Forest Tradition 34: 25:Palm-leaf manuscripts 22: 5364:East Asian religions 4794:Buddhism in the West 4365:Early Buddhist texts 3980:Four Right Exertions 3446:Ten spiritual realms 2939:Noble Eightfold Path 2715:History of Religions 2222:Bhikkhu Nyanatusita 2201:Palm-leaf manuscript 2166:Early Buddhist Texts 2112:Thai Pali literature 1945:Sudhanukumara jataka 1867:a re-arrangement of 841:) and commentaries ( 480:Anagarika Dharmapala 387:Enlightenment Stages 372:Noble Eightfold Path 5487:Religion portal 5234:Temple of the Tooth 5113:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi 4152:Upāsaka and Upāsikā 3645:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā 3428:Two truths doctrine 3248:Mahapajapati GotamÄ« 3048:Mahapajapati GotamÄ« 2492:pp. 5-6. UCL Press. 2405:pp. 3-4. UCL Press. 2300:Malalasekera, G.P. 2261:Bode, Mabel Haynes 2238:John Bullitt (2002) 1895:Poetics and Prosody 1888:Abhidhanappadipika, 1882:MoggallayanapaƱcika 1869:Kaccāyana-vyākarana 1860:Kaccāyana-vyākarana 1824:Kaccāyana-vyākarana 1790:Dasavatthuppakarana 1464:Yogāvacara's manual 1435:Upasaka-janalankara 1337:Namarupa-pariccheda 1200:- The Questions of 935:, metaphysics etc. 188:Yogāvacara's manual 153:Paracanonical texts 5409:Western philosophy 5007:Dzong architecture 4829:Vipassana movement 4824:Buddhist modernism 4252:Emperor Wen of Sui 4020:Pratyekabuddhayāna 3953:Threefold Training 3755:Vipassana movement 3471:Hungry Ghost realm 3291:Avidyā (Ignorance) 3238:Puį¹‡į¹‡a MantānÄ«putta 2987:Great Renunciation 2982:Eight Great Events 2864:    2286:HinĆ¼ber, Oscar v. 2130: 2122: 2095:VisuddhiƱana-katha 1991:Upasakajanalankara 1731:Samantakutavannana 1622:Cha-kesadhatuvamsa 1603:Buddhist cosmology 1580:Samantakutavannana 1545:Vamsatthappakasini 1481:(c. 18th century) 1469:Esoteric Theravada 972:Vattagamani Abhaya 949: 555:K. Sri Dhammananda 490:Vajirananavarorasa 420:Moggaliputta-Tissa 377:Four Divine Abodes 271:Vipassana movement 266:Buddhist modernism 54:Theravāda Buddhism 38: 29: 5495: 5494: 5133:Om mani padme hum 4839:Women in Buddhism 4755:Buddhist councils 4625:Western countries 4413:Madhyamakālaį¹ƒkāra 4174:Shaolin Monastery 3751:Samatha-vipassanā 3361:PratÄ«tyasamutpāda 3165:Metteyya/Maitreya 3083: 3075: 3067: 3059: 3051: 3043: 3035: 2912:Four Noble Truths 2448:p. 38. UCL Press. 2306:http://www.bps.lk 2249:Pali Text Society 2196:Pali Text Society 2186:Abhidhamma Piį¹­aka 2047:Buddhaghosuppatti 1890:a Pali dictionary 1765:Mahakassapacarita 1656:style, with much 1633:Saddhammasangaha, 1614:Saddhamma-sangaha 1473:Borān-kammaį¹­į¹­hāna 1372:, A guide to the 1368:- Mahakassapa of 1267:ParamatthamaƱjusa 1085:Abhidhamma Piį¹­aka 929:Abhidhamma Pitaka 765:Middle Indo-Aryan 688: 687: 382:Four Noble Truths 248:Pali Text Society 223:Buddhist councils 5515: 5485: 5484: 5473: 5472: 5312:Sacred languages 5160:Maya Devi Temple 5123:Mahabodhi Temple 4927:Secular Buddhism 4892:Engaged Buddhism 3732: 3580:Tibetan Buddhism 3531:Vietnamese Thiį»n 3130:Mahāsthāmaprāpta 3081: 3073: 3065: 3057: 3049: 3041: 3033: 2882: 2881: 2869: 2859: 2849: 2842: 2835: 2826: 2825: 2819: 2816: 2810: 2807: 2801: 2798: 2792: 2789: 2780: 2779: 2705: 2694: 2691: 2685: 2682: 2676: 2673: 2667: 2664: 2658: 2655: 2649: 2646: 2640: 2637: 2631: 2628: 2622: 2619: 2613: 2610: 2604: 2597: 2591: 2588: 2582: 2579: 2573: 2570: 2564: 2561: 2555: 2552: 2546: 2543: 2537: 2534: 2528: 2521: 2515: 2508: 2502: 2499: 2493: 2486: 2480: 2473: 2462: 2455: 2449: 2442: 2436: 2431:Nirbhay N. Singh 2425: 2419: 2412: 2406: 2399: 2390: 2379:Pali Literature. 2375: 2340: 2338: 2337: 2328:. Archived from 2270:Collins, Steven 2134:Cakkavaladipani, 1834:Mukhamattadipani 1811:Linguistic works 1479:Amatākaravaį¹‡į¹‡anā 1442:) (13th century) 1405:Uttaravinicchaya 1389:Vinayavinicchaya 1309:Ruparupa-vibhaga 1297:Abhidhammavatara 1253:Sub-commentaries 1066:Anguttara Nikāya 987: 974:(29ā€”17 B.C.) in 680: 673: 666: 565:Asoka Weeraratna 560:Narada Mahathera 347: 338: 178:Abhidhammavatara 163:Sub-commentaries 65: 55: 40: 39: 5523: 5522: 5518: 5517: 5516: 5514: 5513: 5512: 5508:Pali literature 5498: 5497: 5496: 5491: 5479: 5461: 5413: 5328: 5243: 4980:Ordination hall 4941: 4843: 4814:Buddhist crisis 4726: 4423: 4375:Mahayana sutras 4351: 4347:ThĆ­ch Nhįŗ„t Hįŗ”nh 4178: 4051: 3991: 3941:Bodhisattva vow 3626: 3492: 3432: 3391:Taį¹‡hā (Craving) 3326:Five hindrances 3277: 3169: 3099: 2953: 2898: 2870: 2853: 2823: 2822: 2817: 2813: 2808: 2804: 2799: 2795: 2790: 2783: 2706: 2697: 2692: 2688: 2683: 2679: 2674: 2670: 2665: 2661: 2656: 2652: 2647: 2643: 2638: 2634: 2629: 2625: 2620: 2616: 2611: 2607: 2598: 2594: 2589: 2585: 2580: 2576: 2571: 2567: 2562: 2558: 2553: 2549: 2544: 2540: 2535: 2531: 2522: 2518: 2509: 2505: 2500: 2496: 2487: 2483: 2474: 2465: 2456: 2452: 2443: 2439: 2426: 2422: 2413: 2409: 2400: 2393: 2376: 2372: 2367: 2343:Wallis, Glenn, 2335: 2333: 2326: 2312:Webb, Russell. 2281:Pali Literature 2258: 2256:Further reading 2219: 2162: 2114: 2000: 1959: 1933: 1897: 1813: 1779: 1757:Jinavamsadipani 1746:Saddhammopayana 1738:PaƱcagatidipana 1678:Telakaį¹­Ähagāthā 1648: 1593:Sirisanghabodhi 1558:the Great Stupa 1502: 1496: 1456:Bhesajjamanjusa 1280: 1255: 1229: 1224: 1161:of the Burmese 1158:Khuddaka Nikaya 1153: 1121:PuggalapaƱƱatti 1075:Khuddaka Nikāya 1058:Saį¹yutta Nikāya 1049:Majjhima Nikāya 960: 954: 941: 886:Sāriputta Thera 761: 691:Pali literature 684: 655: 654: 635:Ayya Tathaaloka 535:Maha Ghosananda 475:Sumangala Thera 460:Sāriputta Thera 455:Parakramabahu I 415: 407: 406: 299: 291: 290: 261: 253: 252: 203: 193: 192: 143: 133: 132: 73: 53: 17: 12: 11: 5: 5521: 5511: 5510: 5493: 5492: 5490: 5489: 5477: 5466: 5463: 5462: 5460: 5459: 5454: 5449: 5444: 5439: 5434: 5429: 5423: 5421: 5415: 5414: 5412: 5411: 5406: 5401: 5396: 5391: 5386: 5381: 5376: 5371: 5366: 5361: 5360: 5359: 5354: 5344: 5338: 5336: 5330: 5329: 5327: 5326: 5325: 5324: 5319: 5309: 5304: 5299: 5294: 5289: 5284: 5279: 5274: 5269: 5264: 5259: 5253: 5251: 5245: 5244: 5242: 5241: 5236: 5231: 5230: 5229: 5224: 5219: 5214: 5209: 5199: 5194: 5189: 5184: 5179: 5178: 5177: 5172: 5167: 5162: 5157: 5147: 5142: 5137: 5136: 5135: 5125: 5120: 5115: 5110: 5109: 5108: 5103: 5098: 5093: 5088: 5078: 5073: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5053: 5048: 5047: 5046: 5044:Greco-Buddhist 5036: 5035: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4999: 4998: 4997: 4995:Burmese pagoda 4987: 4982: 4977: 4972: 4967: 4962: 4951: 4949: 4943: 4942: 4940: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4919: 4914: 4909: 4904: 4899: 4894: 4889: 4884: 4879: 4874: 4869: 4864: 4859: 4853: 4851: 4845: 4844: 4842: 4841: 4836: 4831: 4826: 4821: 4816: 4811: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4791: 4786: 4785: 4784: 4777:Greco-Buddhism 4774: 4769: 4768: 4767: 4757: 4752: 4747: 4742: 4736: 4734: 4728: 4727: 4725: 4724: 4723: 4722: 4717: 4712: 4710:United Kingdom 4707: 4702: 4697: 4692: 4687: 4682: 4677: 4672: 4667: 4662: 4657: 4655:Czech Republic 4652: 4647: 4642: 4637: 4632: 4622: 4621: 4620: 4615: 4605: 4604: 4603: 4593: 4592: 4591: 4586: 4576: 4571: 4566: 4561: 4556: 4551: 4546: 4545: 4544: 4534: 4529: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4504: 4499: 4494: 4489: 4484: 4479: 4474: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4449: 4444: 4439: 4433: 4431: 4425: 4424: 4422: 4421: 4419:AbhidharmadÄ«pa 4416: 4409: 4404: 4399: 4392: 4387: 4382: 4377: 4372: 4367: 4361: 4359: 4353: 4352: 4350: 4349: 4344: 4339: 4337:B. 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Ambedkar 4334: 4329: 4324: 4319: 4314: 4309: 4304: 4299: 4294: 4289: 4284: 4279: 4274: 4269: 4264: 4259: 4257:Songtsen Gampo 4254: 4249: 4244: 4239: 4234: 4229: 4224: 4219: 4214: 4209: 4204: 4199: 4194: 4188: 4186: 4180: 4179: 4177: 4176: 4171: 4170: 4169: 4159: 4154: 4149: 4144: 4139: 4134: 4133: 4132: 4122: 4117: 4112: 4107: 4102: 4097: 4092: 4087: 4082: 4077: 4072: 4067: 4061: 4059: 4053: 4052: 4050: 4049: 4048: 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4001: 3999: 3993: 3992: 3990: 3989: 3984: 3983: 3982: 3972: 3971: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3950: 3949: 3948: 3943: 3938: 3936:Eight precepts 3933: 3923: 3922: 3921: 3916: 3911: 3906: 3896: 3895: 3894: 3884: 3879: 3874: 3873: 3872: 3867: 3862: 3852: 3847: 3842: 3837: 3832: 3831: 3830: 3825: 3815: 3810: 3809: 3808: 3803: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3763: 3758: 3748: 3743: 3738: 3733: 3724: 3714: 3709: 3707:Five Strengths 3704: 3699: 3694: 3689: 3684: 3679: 3674: 3673: 3672: 3667: 3662: 3657: 3647: 3642: 3636: 3634: 3628: 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1885: 1878:Saddalakkhana, 1871: 1862: 1853: 1850:Kaccayana-sara 1847: 1837: 1827: 1812: 1809: 1808: 1807: 1802: 1797: 1792: 1778: 1777:Edifying tales 1775: 1774: 1773: 1761: 1753: 1742: 1734: 1728: 1720: 1712: 1706: 1698: 1690: 1682: 1674: 1673:(10th century) 1666:Mahabodhivamsa 1647: 1644: 1643: 1642: 1639:Sandesakatha - 1636: 1630: 1618: 1610: 1596: 1584: 1576: 1565: 1564:(12th century) 1549: 1541: 1533: 1526: 1518: 1498:Main article: 1495: 1492: 1491: 1490: 1476: 1460: 1452: 1443: 1431: 1417: 1401: 1385: 1381:NāmacāradÄ«pikā 1377: 1365:Mohavicchedani 1361: 1357:Khemappakarana 1353: 1341: 1333: 1325: 1317: 1305: 1293: 1279: 1276: 1254: 1251: 1228: 1225: 1223: 1220: 1219: 1218: 1209: 1193: 1185: 1177: 1174:Suttasaį¹ƒgaha - 1152: 1149: 1148: 1147: 1146: 1145: 1138: 1131: 1124: 1117: 1110: 1103: 1082: 1081: 1080: 1071: 1062: 1054: 1045: 1031: 1030: 1029: 1020: 1011: 956:Main article: 953: 950: 940: 937: 760: 757: 686: 685: 683: 682: 675: 668: 660: 657: 656: 653: 652: 647: 642: 637: 632: 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N. Goenka 495:Ledi Sayadaw 397:Three Jewels 228:Vibhajjavada 168:Vimuttimagga 158:Commentaries 140: 5272:Dharma talk 5101:Asalha Puja 4897:Eschatology 4700:Switzerland 4680:New Zealand 4608:Middle East 4517:Philippines 4437:Afghanistan 4242:Bodhidharma 4227:Buddhaghosa 4147:Householder 4057:Monasticism 4010:Bodhisattva 3865:Prostration 3818:Mindfulness 3746:Anapanasati 3729:Kammaį¹­į¹­hāna 3526:Korean Seon 3466:Asura realm 3461:Human realm 3401:Ten Fetters 3356:Parinirvana 3258:Uppalavanna 3223:Mahākaccana 3208:Mahākassapa 3140:Kį¹£itigarbha 3135:Ākāśagarbha 3032:Suddhodāna 2977:Four sights 2904:Foundations 2071:Sāsanavaį¹ƒsa 2063:Gandhavamsa 1983:Sarasangaha 1967:Mahaparitta 1957:Anthologies 1865:Balavatara, 1770:Mahakasyapa 1686:Jinalankara 1660:influence. 1574:tooth relic 1410:Buddhadatta 1394:Buddhadatta 1350:K.R. Norman 1314:Buddhadatta 1302:Buddhadatta 1290:Buddhaghosa 1247:Buddhadatta 1167:Buddhaghosa 1128:Kathāvatthu 1093:K.R. Norman 1087:(Basket of 894:Dimbulagala 890:Mahākassapa 874:Buddhadatta 864:Buddhaghosa 823:Buddhavamsa 773:South India 767:languages. 745:hagiography 700:, of which 645:Kee Nanayon 615:Ajahn Brahm 600:Nyanaponika 590:Nyanatiloka 575:Jayatilleke 550:Pragyananda 445:Buddhadatta 440:Buddhaghoį¹£a 430:Sanghamitta 414:Key figures 367:Mindfulness 329:Kammaį¹­į¹­hāna 5389:Psychology 5369:Gnosticism 5357:Comparison 5352:Influences 5334:Comparison 5217:Bhavacakra 5175:Kushinagar 5150:Pilgrimage 5096:Māgha PÅ«jā 5051:Bodhi Tree 4867:Buddhology 4857:Abhidharma 4849:Philosophy 4782:Menander I 4650:Costa Rica 4601:Uzbekistan 4442:Bangladesh 4396:Dhammapada 4380:Pali Canon 4342:Ajahn Chah 4322:Dalai Lama 4222:KumārajÄ«va 4217:Vasubandhu 4192:The Buddha 4100:Zen master 4035:Sakadagami 4015:Buddhahood 3946:Pratimokį¹£a 3761:Shikantaza 3717:Meditation 3692:Deity yoga 3563:Madhyamaka 3456:Deva realm 3351:Mindstream 3301:Bodhicitta 3213:Aį¹…gulimāla 3080:Devadatta 3056:Yaśodharā 2959:The Buddha 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4085:Anagārika 4080:Śrāmaį¹‡erÄ« 4075:Śrāmaį¹‡era 4070:BhikkhunÄ« 4030:Sotāpanna 3919:Passaddhi 3860:Offerings 3835:Nekkhamma 3712:Iddhipada 3632:Practices 3602:Theravada 3575:Vajrayana 3568:Yogachara 3538:Pure Land 3451:Six Paths 3438:Cosmology 3218:Anuruddha 3193:Sāriputta 3183:Kaundinya 3175:Disciples 3150:Vajrapāį¹‡i 3002:Footprint 2967:Tathāgata 2776:224808404 2768:299661763 2744:0018-2710 2730:: 37ā€“64. 2191:Anupitaka 2036:Aggavaį¹ƒsa 2031:SaddanÄ«ti 1918:Vuttodaya 1899:Works on 1537:Culavamsa 1530:Mahavamsa 1522:Mahavamsa 1514:Dipavamsa 1015:Khandhaka 976:Sri Lanka 968:Theravada 856:Mahavamsa 850:Dipavamsa 755:manuals. 741:philology 710:Theravada 695:Theravada 515:U Ba Khin 465:Anawrahta 243:Mahavamsa 238:Dipavamsa 218:Sthaviras 113:Sri Lanka 72:Countries 5502:Category 5475:Category 5404:Violence 5374:Hinduism 5322:Sanskrit 5277:Hinayana 5262:Amitābha 5222:Swastika 5091:Uposatha 5081:Holidays 5066:Calendar 4912:Humanism 4750:Kanishka 4740:Timeline 4564:Thailand 4532:Kalmykia 4527:Buryatia 4512:Pakistan 4497:Mongolia 4492:Maldives 4487:Malaysia 4452:Cambodia 4317:Shamarpa 4312:Nichiren 4262:Xuanzang 4197:Nagasena 4115:Rinpoche 3845:Pāramitā 3687:Devotion 3607:Navayana 3595:Dzogchen 3558:Nichiren 3506:Mahayana 3498:Branches 3376:Saį¹…khāra 3125:MaƱjuśrÄ« 3082:(cousin) 3074:(cousin) 3042:(mother) 3034:(father) 3022:Miracles 2972:Birthday 2889:Glossary 2862:Buddhism 2760:64001081 2752:00182710 2726:for the 2414:Harvey, 2160:See also 2020:Rajaniti 1440:Upasakas 1163:Tipitaka 1142:Paį¹­į¹­hāna 1107:Vibhaį¹…ga 1024:Parivāra 917:Sanskrit 853:and the 834:period. 826:and the 749:exegesis 712:school. 698:Buddhism 595:Nanamoli 505:U Nārada 392:Precepts 298:Doctrine 118:Thailand 83:Cambodia 45:a series 43:Part of 5452:Temples 5432:Buddhas 5394:Science 5384:Judaism 5379:Jainism 5297:Lineage 5257:AbhijƱā 5227:Thangka 5170:Sarnath 5155:Lumbini 5076:Funeral 5071:Cuisine 4947:Culture 4922:Reality 4872:Creator 4862:Atomism 4732:History 4705:Ukraine 4665:Germany 4584:Senegal 4574:Vietnam 4502:Myanmar 4302:Shinran 4292:Karmapa 4267:Shandao 4237:Dignāga 4162:Śrāvaka 4142:Donchee 4137:Kappiya 4095:Sayadaw 4065:Bhikkhu 4040:Anāgāmi 3997:Nirvana 3963:Samadhi 3850:Paritta 3791:Tonglen 3786:Mandala 3741:Smarana 3722:Mantras 3670:Upekkha 3640:Bhavana 3590:Shingon 3543:Tiantai 3396:Tathātā 3386:Śūnyatā 3381:Skandha 3371:Saį¹ƒsāra 3366:Rebirth 3341:Kleshas 3331:Indriya 3233:SubhÅ«ti 3118:Guanyin 3072:Ānanda 3064:Rāhula 2944:Nirvana 2884:Outline 2247:by the 2153:sangiti 1905:prosody 1901:poetics 1876:a.k.a. 1817:grammar 1487:Kandyan 1374:matikas 828:Apadana 799:Niddesa 759:History 737:history 650:Dipa Ma 620:Analayo 485:Mongkut 425:Mahinda 345:Nibbāna 336:Saį¹ƒsāra 260:Schools 201:History 123:Vietnam 103:Myanmar 5447:Sutras 5442:Suttas 5307:Siddhi 5292:Koliya 5267:Brahmā 5182:Poetry 5128:Mantra 5118:Kasaya 4990:Pagoda 4970:Kyaung 4965:Vihāra 4960:Temple 4902:Ethics 4745:Ashoka 4695:Sweden 4690:Poland 4685:Norway 4675:Mexico 4660:France 4645:Canada 4640:Brazil 4579:Africa 4559:Taiwan 4522:Russia 4447:Bhutan 4407:Vinaya 4287:Naropa 4277:Saraha 4212:Asanga 3968:PrajƱā 3877:Refuge 3840:Nianfo 3801:Tertƶn 3796:Tantra 3781:Ganana 3771:Tukdam 3697:Dhyāna 3665:Mudita 3660:Karuį¹‡Ä 3553:RisshÅ« 3548:Huayan 3481:Naraka 3421:Anattā 3416:Dukkha 3411:Anicca 3316:Dharma 3268:Channa 3203:Ānanda 3188:Assaji 3155:Skanda 3058:(wife) 3027:Family 3007:Relics 2932:Sangha 2927:Dharma 2922:Buddha 2774:  2766:  2758:  2750:  2742:  2385:  2322:  2040:Panini 1772:(1934) 1751:Dhamma 1627:stupas 1450:(sima) 1414:Vinaya 1398:Vinaya 1135:Yamaka 985:piį¹­aka 832:Asokan 820:, the 751:, and 733:poetry 721:Vinaya 717:Suttas 402:Vinaya 309:Anattā 36:covers 5419:Lists 5287:Kalpa 5282:Iddhi 5145:Music 5140:Mudra 5106:Vassa 5086:Vesak 5056:Budai 5002:Candi 4985:Stupa 4917:Logic 4670:Italy 4569:Tibet 4507:Nepal 4477:Korea 4472:Japan 4462:India 4457:China 4402:Sutra 4357:Texts 4307:Dōgen 4297:Hōnen 4282:Atiśa 4247:Zhiyi 4157:Achar 4125:Tulku 4120:Geshe 4105:Rōshi 4090:Ajahn 4045:Arhat 4005:Bodhi 3975:VÄ«rya 3892:Sacca 3887:Satya 3882:Sādhu 3870:Music 3813:Merit 3806:Terma 3766:Zazen 3702:Faith 3655:Mettā 3336:Karma 3296:Bardo 3263:Asita 3253:Khema 3243:Upāli 3228:Nanda 3066:(son) 3040:Māyā 3017:Films 2894:Index 2772:S2CID 2748:JSTOR 2722:(1). 2103:) by 2034:, by 1832:, or 1830:Nyasa 1653:kavya 1506:vamsa 1500:Vamsa 1370:Chola 1208:king. 925:Burma 912:kavya 839:vamsa 435:Tissa 324:Jhana 314:Arhat 141:Texts 108:Nepal 93:India 88:China 5317:Pāįø·i 5302:Māra 5212:Flag 4613:Iran 4537:Tuva 4482:Laos 4110:Lama 3958:Śīla 3926:Śīla 3914:PÄ«ti 3904:Sati 3855:Puja 3776:Koan 3682:Dāna 3273:Yasa 3160:Tārā 2764:OCLC 2756:LCCN 2740:ISSN 2383:ISBN 2320:ISBN 2024:niti 2018:and 1903:and 1783:dana 1424:and 1260:Tika 808:and 702:Pali 500:U Nu 98:Laos 5039:Art 4975:Wat 3511:Zen 2732:doi 1842:or 1785:). 1560:in 1508:): 989:): 892:of 783:). 731:), 5504:: 4541:ru 2784:^ 2770:. 2762:. 2754:. 2746:. 2738:. 2720:60 2718:. 2698:^ 2466:^ 2394:^ 2026:). 2014:, 1907:. 1819:. 1475:). 1408:- 1392:- 1312:- 1300:- 1288:- 1274:. 1241:, 978:. 888:, 802:, 796:, 743:, 739:, 735:, 47:on 4543:) 4539:( 3757:) 3753:( 2848:e 2841:t 2834:v 2778:. 2734:: 2435:. 2389:. 2360:) 2339:. 2308:) 2251:. 2143:- 2097:( 2073:, 2042:. 1609:. 1483:- 1471:( 1262:s 1215:- 1077:, 1068:, 1051:, 1026:: 1017:: 1005:: 727:( 679:e 672:t 665:v

Index


Palm-leaf manuscripts

a series
Theravāda Buddhism
Dharmachakra
Bangladesh
Cambodia
China
India
Laos
Myanmar
Nepal
Sri Lanka
Thailand
Vietnam
Western world
Texts
Pāli Tipiį¹­aka
Paracanonical texts
Commentaries
Sub-commentaries
Vimuttimagga
Visuddhimagga
Abhidhammavatara
Abhidhammattha-sangaha
Yogāvacara's manual
History
Pre-sectarian Buddhism
Early schools

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