306:. In 1944, he was assigned to the headquarters of Colonel-General Sergei Varentsov, commander of artillery on the 1st Ukrainian front, who became his patron. Penkovsky was wounded in action in 1944, at about the same time as Varentsov, who appointed him his Liaison Officer. In 1945, Penkovsky married the teenage daughter of Lieutenant-General Dmitri Gapanovich, thus acquiring another high-ranking patron. On Varentsov's recommendation, he studied at the
550:
692:(2002). In the Jack Ryan universe, he is described as the agent who recruited Colonel Mikhail Filitov as a CIA agent (code-name CARDINAL) and had urged Filitov to betray him to solidify his position as the West's top spy in the Soviet hierarchy. The "cremated alive" hypothesis appears in several Clancy novels, though Clancy never identified Penkovsky as the executed spy. Penkovsky's fate is also mentioned in the
531:. Kennedy was consequently deprived of information from a potentially important intelligence agent, such as reporting that Khrushchev was already looking for ways to defuse the situation, which might have lessened the tension during the ensuing 13-day stand-off. That information might have reduced the pressure on Kennedy to launch an invasion of the island, which could have risked Soviet use of
519:. Dunlap was just another source they had to protect. They worked hard, shadowing British diplomats, to build up a "discovery case" against Penkovsky so that they could arrest him without throwing suspicion on their own moles. Their caution in this matter may have led to the missiles being discovered earlier than the Soviets would have preferred. After a West German agent overheard a remark at
437:'s defection. The party was not satisfied with KGB performance ... I knew many heads in the KGB had rolled again, as they had after Stalin". While the weight of opinion seems to be that Penkovsky was genuine, the debate underscores the difficulty faced by all intelligence agencies of determining information offered from the enemy. In a meeting with US Secretary of Defense
420:(later Chief of MI6 in the 1970s), who played a key role in the Penkovsky case as Chief of Station in Washington, told me: 'You've got a long row to hoe with this one, Peter, there's a lot of K's and Gongs riding high on the back of Penkovsky' he said, referring to the honours heaped on those involved in the Penkovsky operation.
395:
was bitter towards
British intelligence, reportedly believing that it should have adopted his proposed methods to identify British/Soviet double agents. In Wright's view, the failure of British intelligence leaders to listen to him caused them to become paralysed when such agents defected to the Soviet Union; in his book,
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ten days earlier, on the 22nd of
October.) Penkovsky was tried and executed, but there are conflicting reports about the manner of his death. Alexander Zagvozdin, chief KGB interrogator for the investigation, stated that Penkovsky had been "questioned perhaps a hundred times" and that he had been shot and cremated.
562:
had been loaded. Upon servicing the dead drop (which had a letter ostensibly from him inside it) that same day, a CIA officer by the name of
Richard Jacob, who was stationed at the U.S. Embassy under diplomatic cover, was arrested. (Soviet authorities later claimed that Penkovsky had been apprehended
466:
and
Penkovsky was arrested, and imprisoned in Russia, Wynne was confronted with a tape recording of a conversation he had had with Penkovsky in a Moscow restaurant two weeks after his recruitment. In this recording, Wynne asked Penkovsky, "How's Zeph?" When Wynne was asked by his KGB interrogator who
461:
book, "Spy Wars: Moles
Mysteries and Deadly Games," that Penkovsky's treason was detected by the KGB within two weeks of his April 1961 recruitment by the CIA and MI6. Bagley says that after this detection, Penkovsky was allowed by the KGB to continue spying for the U.S. and Britain for sixteen more
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was allegedly secretly recorded in a Moscow restaurant. The fact that
Nosenko asked Bagley and Kisevalter this question was one of the reasons Bagley came to conclude that Nosenko was a false defector, and also made him realize that a "mole" in the CIA or British intelligence had betrayed Penkovsky
495:
The Soviet leadership began the deployment of nuclear missiles, in the belief that
Washington would not detect the Cuban missile sites until it was too late to do anything about them. Penkovsky provided plans and descriptions of the nuclear rocket launch sites in Cuba to the West. This information
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and other earlier defectors, Penkovsky did not reveal the names of any Soviet agents in the West but only provided organisational detail, much of which was known already. Some of the documents provided were originals, which Wright thought could not have been easily taken from their sources. Wright
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The first meeting between
Penkovsky and two American and two British intelligence officers occurred during a visit by Penkovsky to London in April 1961. For the following 18 months, Penkovsky supplied a tremendous amount of information to the CIA–MI6 team of handlers, including documents
432:
does not mention
Penkovsky in his comprehensive memoir about his career in intelligence against the West. The KGB defector Vladimir N. Sakharov suggests Penkovsky was genuine, saying: "I knew about the ongoing KGB reorganisation precipitated by Oleg Penkovsky's case and
325:, Turkey, but was recalled after he had reported his superior officer, and later other GRU personnel for a breach of regulations, which made him unpopular in the department. Relying once again on Varentsov's patronage, he spent nine months studying rocket artillery at
526:
Penkovsky was arrested on 22 October 1962. This was prior to
President Kennedy's address to the US revealing that U-2 spy plane photographs had confirmed intelligence reports that the Soviets were installing medium-range nuclear missiles in Cuba, in what was known as
588:. In a 2010 interview, Suvorov said that he had been shown a film in which a man said to be Penkovsky was bound to a metal stretcher with wire and pushed live into a crematorium. Suvorov denied that the man in the film was Penkovsky and said that he had been shot.
504:, who defected to the UK in 1978, later wrote in his book on Soviet intelligence, "historians will remember with gratitude the name of the GRU Colonel Oleg Penkovsky. Thanks to his priceless information the Cuban crisis was not transformed into a last World War".
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in June 1962, Nosenko, while bragging about the KGB's secret recording devices, asked them who "Zepp" (sic) was, volunteering that it was the name of an Indonesian military attaché unknown to the KGB, whose conversation with U.S. military attaché
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Highlights: 00:09 Criminal case against Penkovski O.V. and Wynne G.M. concerning unlawful acts described by Articles 64, Article 65 of the USSR's RSFSR Criminal code. Article 64 is Treason, Article 65 is Espionage. This is 30 November
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had uncovered the history of his father's death, and he was suspended, investigated, and assigned in November 1960 to the State Committee for Science and Technology. He later worked at the Soviet Committee for Scientific Research.
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this "Zepp" (sic) was, he recalled that "Zeph" was the nickname of a London bargirl by the name of Stephanie, whom Penkovsky and Wynne had met while Penkovsky was being recruited. Bagley points out in his book that while he and
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On 2 November, 1962, Penkovsky's Western handlers in Moscow received two voiceless telephone calls and a visual signal (a chalk mark on a telephone pole or street light pole), ostensibly from him, notifying them that his
259:(ICBM) program. This information was decisive in allowing the US to recognize that the Soviets were placing missiles in Cuba before most of them were operational. It also gave US President John F. Kennedy, during the
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months while a scenario was created in which he could be arrested and charged in such a way that would not reveal who, in Western Intelligence, had betrayed him. Bagley based his conclusion on the fact that, when
1628:"Nonfiction Book Review: The Spy Who Saved the World: How a Soviet Colonel Changed the Course of the Cold War by Jerrold L. Schecter, Author, Peter S. Deriabin, With Scribner Book Company ISBN 978-0-684-19068-6"
622:
had been demoted to the rank of Major General. In June he was expelled from the Central Committee for 'having relaxed his political vigilance.' Three other officers were also disciplined. The head of the GRU,
515:(NSA) employee and Soviet spy working for the KGB. Top KGB officers had known for more than a year that Penkovsky was a British agent, but they protected their source, a highly placed mole in
500:
spy planes. The documents provided by Penkovsky showed that the Soviet Union was not prepared for war in the area, which emboldened Kennedy to risk the operation in Cuba. Former GRU captain
251:) colonel during the late 1950s and early 1960s. Penkovsky informed the United States and the United Kingdom about Soviet military secrets, including the appearance and footprint of Soviet
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1484:"Book I: Foreign and Military Intelligence: X. The domestic impact of foreign clandestine operations: the CIA and academic institutions, the media and religious institutions, Appendix B"
41:
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Penkovsky was the highest-ranking Soviet official to provide intelligence for the West up until that time, and is one of several individuals credited with altering the course of the
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in Moscow in July 1960 and gave them a package in which he offered to spy for the United States. He asked them to deliver it to an intelligence officer at the US Embassy. The
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crematorium "how Penkovsky executed by 'fire'", i.e., by being burnt. A similar description was later included in Ernest Volkman's popular history book about spies,
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claimed or the CIA had thought and that the Soviets were not yet capable of producing a large number of ICBMs. This information was invaluable to President
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claimed that Penkovsky killed himself. Wynne had worked as both Penkovsky's contact and courier; both men were arrested by the Soviets in October 1962.
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officer known for his scathing condemnation of the leadership of British intelligence during most of the Cold War, believed that Penkovsky was a
627:, was sacked during the same period. He was reputedly on friendly terms with Penkovsky, which is very likely to have been a cause of his fall.
65:
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A 1976 Senate commission stated that "the book was prepared and written by witting agency assets who drew on actual case materials."
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delayed in contacting him. When the US Embassy in Moscow refused to cooperate, fearing an international incident, the CIA contacted
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named Wynne and (the American diplomat Richard) Jacob as his contacts, without naming anyone else. In May 1963, after his trial,
653:. The programme featured original covert KGB footage showing Penkovsky photographing classified information and meeting up with
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1623:'Fatal Encounter' BBC TV documentary 3 May 1991, KGB, MI6 and CIA officers involved with the Penkovsky reveal their stories
401:, he suggests that his hypothesis had to be true, and that the Soviets were aware of this paralysis and planted Penkovsky.
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when he was a baby. Brought up in the North Caucasus, Penkovsky graduated from the Kiev Artillery Academy with the rank of
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that followed, valuable information about Soviet weakness that allowed him to face down Soviet leader
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headquarters, paraphrased as "I wonder how things are going in Cuba", he passed it on to the CIA.
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spy. His character's execution was the opening scene for the movie. Penkovsky was portrayed by
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allowed the West to identify the missile sites from the low-resolution pictures provided by US
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The Soviet public was first told of Penkovsky's arrest more than seven weeks later, when
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in negotiating with Nikita Khrushchev for the removal of the Soviet missiles from Cuba.
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Dead Drop: The True Story of Oleg Penkovsky and the Cold War's Most Dangerous Operation
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denied the CIA had forged the provided source material, which was also the opinion of
643:. His spying career was the subject of episode 1 of the 2007 BBC Television docudrama
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The Spy Who Saved the World: How a Soviet Colonel Changed the Course of the Cold War
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The First Directorate: My 32 Years in Intelligence and Espionage Against the West
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of Artillery and Commander in Chief of Rocket Forces and candidate member of the
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Spycraft: The Secret History of the CIA's Spytechs, from Communism to al-Qaeda
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Penkovsky never knew his father, who was killed fighting as an officer in the
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Mind-Sets and Missiles: A First Hand Account of the Cuban Missile Crisis
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Penkovsky was portrayed by Eduard Bezrodniy in the 2014 Polish thriller
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1511:. Other dismissed the book as propaganda and having no historic value.
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1080:
The Fourteenth Day: JFK and the Aftermath of the Cuban Missile Crisis
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Penkovsky's communications with MI6 were also revealed to the KGB by
406:
Spycatcher: The Candid Autobiography of a Senior Intelligence Officer
360:, a British salesman of industrial equipment to countries behind the
329:. He was selected for the post of military attaché in India, but the
225:
40:
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demonstrating that the Soviet nuclear arsenal was much smaller than
957:. New Haven & London: Yale University Press. pp. 150–155.
929:"A Spy Story: Sergei Skripal Was a Little Fish. He Had a Big Enemy"
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reported that Varentsov, who had since achieved the rank of Chief
1035:
Spymaster: Startling Cold War Revelations of a Soviet KGB Chief
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322:
87:
520:
649:, titled "The Spy from Moscow" in which he was portrayed by
445:, named Penkovsky as Russia's biggest intelligence failure.
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Penkovsky was portrayed by Christopher Rozycki in the 1985
1486:. U.S. Government Printing Office, Senate, Report 94-755,
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Spies: The Secret Agents Who Changed the Course of History
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The Penkovsky Papers: The Russian Who Spied for the West
1131:. Prod. Jeremy Isaacs & Pat Mitchell. CNN, 1998. DVD
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Soviet people executed for spying for the United States
1108:. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 337–347.
1180:Дорогой наш Никита Сергеевич : Дело Пеньковского
364:, was recruited by MI6 to communicate with Penkovsky.
441:, the head of Russia's foreign intelligence service,
1573:
The Capture and Execution of Colonel Penkovsky, 1963
927:
Schwirtz, Michael; Barry, Ellen (9 September 2018).
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1220:. New York : Viking Press. pp. 324–325.
1213:
826:
570:said that he had been told by the director of the
453:Former high-level CIA counterintelligence officer
317:as an officer, in 1953. In 1955, he was appointed
782:
277:
1649:
1216:Power in the Kremlin: From Khrushchev to Kosygin
448:
630:
267:and resolve the crisis without a nuclear war.
1678:People executed by the Soviet Union by firearm
1198:. Strategic Studies Institute. pp. 75–76.
342:Penkovsky approached American students on the
310:in 1945–1948, then worked as a staff officer.
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255:installations and the weakness of the Soviet
66:Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus
28:
1693:Russian people executed by the Soviet Union
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955:Spy Wars: Moles, mysteries and Deadly Games
337:
1535:Wallace, Robert; Melton, H. Keith (2008).
1447:Howard Hunt, Everette (26 February 2007).
1259:; cited from Russian edition of 1999, pp.
1192:Absher, Kenneth Michael (September 2009).
39:
1698:Executed people from North Ossetia–Alania
1400:
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971:
416:When I first wrote my Penkovsky analysis
1103:
1054:Aleksandr Fursenko and Timothy Naftali,
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1541:. With Henry R. Schlesinger. New York:
1439:Note: The book was commissioned by the
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1141:Schecter, Deriabin & Penkovsky 1992
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844:Schecter, Deriabin & Penkovsky 1992
813:Schecter, Deriabin & Penkovsky 1992
801:Schecter, Deriabin & Penkovsky 1992
777:Schecter, Deriabin & Penkovsky 1992
484:
1668:British spies against the Soviet Union
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1191:
952:
1273:"Nuclear Secrets The Spy From Moscow"
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660:Penkovsky was referred to in four of
1301:
1211:
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253:intermediate-range ballistic missile
1593:"Soviet Propaganda Film 14 (53234)"
980:"Where Shoes Listen and Coins Kill"
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481:immediately after his recruitment.
16:British spy in the USSR (1919–1963)
13:
1703:Executed Soviet people from Russia
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294:in 1939. After taking part in the
257:intercontinental ballistic missile
14:
1729:
1556:
1411:. Introduction and commentary by
1008:. London: Grafton Books. p.
978:Rothstein, Edward (17 May 2012).
1311:. London: Simon & Schuster.
599:
408:(1987), written with journalist
224:; 23 April 1919 – 16 May 1963),
1482:Church, Frank (23 April 1976).
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471:were interviewing KGB defector
1588:, Penkovsky's CIA case officer
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864:
849:
833:. London: Hutchinson & Co.
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553:Penkovsky at the trial in 1963
278:Early life and military career
1:
1104:Schecter, Jerrold L. (1992).
1038:, Skyhorse Publishing, 2013,
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222:Олег Владимирович Пеньковский
30:Олег Владимирович Пеньковский
1006:Soviet Military Intelligence
902:. Ballantine Books. p.
631:Portrayal in popular culture
390:. Wright noted that, unlike
327:Dzerzhinsky Military Academy
218:Oleg Vladimirovich Penkovsky
7:
1441:Central Intelligence Agency
1374:Forsyth, Frederick (1992).
1106:The Spy Who Saved The World
953:Bagley, Tennent H. (2007).
898:Sakharov, Vladimir (1980).
736:
677:The Cardinal of the Kremlin
344:Bolshoy Moskvoretsky Bridge
10:
1734:
1295:
1077:Coleman, David G. (2012).
488:
1603:: Periscope Film LLC via
1453:. John Wiley & Sons.
1083:. New York: W.W. Norton.
723:in the 2020 British film
302:, he reached the rank of
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1708:Soviet military attachés
1578:21 December 2020 at the
1516:Suvorov, Viktor (2011).
1401:Penkovsky, Oleg (1965).
1251:Hodder & Stoughton.
1153:Volkman, Ernest (1994).
1004:Suvorov, Viktor (1986).
825:Wynne, Greville (1967).
671:The Hunt for Red October
539:tactical nuclear weapons
513:National Security Agency
338:Overtures to CIA and MI6
1688:People from Vladikavkaz
1520:. Sofia: Fakel Express
1342:Charles Scribner's Sons
733:played Greville Wynne.
683:The Bear and the Dragon
308:Frunze Military Academy
298:against Finland and in
117:Frunze Military Academy
1249:KGB: The Inside Story.
877:. St. Martin's Press.
871:Kalugin, Oleg (1994).
554:
422:
1326:Schecter, Jerrold L;
1212:Tatu, Michel (1969).
1057:Khrushchev's Cold War
758:List of KGB defectors
552:
541:against U.S. troops.
459:Yale University Press
414:
313:Penkovsky joined the
245:military intelligence
107:Execution by shooting
731:Benedict Cumberbatch
594:The Man from Odessa,
491:Cuban Missile Crisis
485:Cuban Missile Crisis
261:Cuban Missile Crisis
1159:. New York: Wiley.
1032:Tennent H. Bagley,
846:, pp. 276–280.
829:The Man from Moscow
815:, pp. 35, 445.
641:Wynne and Penkovsky
449:The "Zepp" Incident
382:, a former British
178:Service branch
103:Cause of death
1718:20th-century spies
1245:Christopher Andrew
668:espionage novels:
555:
457:wrote in his 2007
304:lieutenant-colonel
188:Service years
148:Espionage activity
1633:Publishers Weekly
1584:Joseph J. Bulik.
1530:978-954-9772-76-0
1460:978-0-471-78982-6
1393:978-0-552-13823-9
1382:. Corgi. p.
1351:978-0-684-19068-6
1340:. New York City:
1332:Penkovsky, Oleg V
1328:Deriabin, Peter S
1279:. 15 January 2007
1227:978-0-670-57028-7
1090:978-0-393-08441-2
1066:978-0-393-05809-3
1044:978-1-62636-065-5
964:978-0-300-12198-8
748:George Kisevalter
713:Ryszard Kukliński
620:Central Committee
572:Donskoye Cemetery
469:George Kisevalter
455:Tennent H. Bagley
370:Nikita Khrushchev
288:Russian Civil War
265:Nikita Khrushchev
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529:Operation Anadyr
418:Maurice Oldfield
354:for assistance.
319:military attaché
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131:Criminal penalty
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1368:Further reading
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753:Oleg Gordievsky
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646:Nuclear Secrets
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443:Mikhail Fradkov
412:, Wright says:
410:Paul Greengrass
374:John F. Kennedy
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243:) was a Soviet
142:Vera Gapanovich
123:Criminal charge
113:Alma mater
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1589:
1582:
1569:
1563:Oleg Penkovsky
1558:
1557:External links
1555:
1554:
1553:
1533:
1522:(in Bulgarian)
1518:Devil's Mother
1514:
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1415:; Foreword by
1409:Peter Deriabin
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768:
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743:Gervase Cowell
738:
735:
694:Nelson DeMille
655:Janet Chisholm
637:BBC Television
632:
629:
601:
598:
592:, in his book
590:Greville Wynne
546:
543:
502:Viktor Suvorov
486:
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464:Greville Wynne
450:
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428:major-general
404:In his memoir
388:fake defection
358:Greville Wynne
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25:Oleg Penkovsky
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58:23 April 1919
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1683:GRU officers
1637:. Retrieved
1631:
1616:
1609:. Retrieved
1596:
1586:Oral History
1567:Find a Grave
1537:
1517:
1505:Frank Gibney
1491:. Retrieved
1464:. Retrieved
1450:American Spy
1449:
1413:Frank Gibney
1403:
1378:The Deceiver
1377:
1336:
1331:
1307:
1303:Duns, Jeremy
1281:. Retrieved
1276:
1267:
1248:
1236:
1215:
1207:
1194:
1187:
1182:(in Russian)
1175:
1155:
1148:
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1129:The Cold War
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989:15 September
987:. Retrieved
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938:15 September
936:. Retrieved
932:
922:
900:High Treason
899:
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473:Yuri Nosenko
452:
439:Leon Panetta
435:Yuri Nosenko
430:Oleg Kalugin
423:
415:
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380:Peter Wright
378:
366:
362:Iron Curtain
356:
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300:World War II
281:
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158:Soviet Union
147:
96:Soviet Union
92:Russian SFSR
78:(1963-05-16)
18:
1663:1963 deaths
1658:1919 births
1601:Los Angeles
856:Spy Catcher
729:, in which
726:The Courier
708:Jack Strong
686:(2000) and
651:Mark Bonnar
534:9K52 Luna-M
509:Jack Dunlap
478:Leo Dulacki
76:16 May 1963
62:Vladikavkaz
1652:Categories
1396:. (Novel).
1283:16 January
764:References
715:, another
696:spy novel
689:Red Rabbit
662:Tom Clancy
625:Ivan Serov
581:Red Rabbit
576:Tom Clancy
489:See also:
398:Spycatcher
296:Winter War
292:lieutenant
284:White Army
220:(Russian:
207:YOGA, HERO
164:Allegiance
54:1919-04-23
1433:749223763
1425:Doubleday
1360:909016158
789:Duns 2014
666:Jack Ryan
578:'s novel
560:dead drop
226:codenamed
191:1953–1963
1576:Archived
1571:cia.gov
1466:19 March
1334:(1992).
1305:(2014).
1247:(1990).
1201:PDF file
1060:, 2006.
737:See also
717:Cold War
711:, about
702:(1988).
680:(1988),
674:(1984),
612:Izvestya
586:Aquarium
272:Cold War
231:(by the
204:Codename
1493:3 April
1296:Sources
1261:476-479
639:serial
616:Marshal
537:-class
424:Former
286:in the
199:Colonel
154:Country
126:Treason
1639:22 May
1611:23 May
1607:. 1963
1549:
1543:Dutton
1528:
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1348:
1315:
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1163:
1112:
1087:
1064:
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1016:
961:
910:
881:
860:p. 212
607:Pravda
323:Ankara
235:) and
139:Spouse
88:Moscow
1618:1962.
1480:See:
1445:See:
521:Stasi
134:Death
1641:2021
1613:2021
1547:ISBN
1526:ISBN
1495:2010
1468:2019
1455:ISBN
1429:OCLC
1388:ISBN
1356:OCLC
1346:ISBN
1313:ISBN
1285:2007
1277:IMDb
1253:ISBN
1243:and
1222:ISBN
1161:ISBN
1110:ISBN
1085:ISBN
1062:ISBN
1040:ISBN
1014:ISBN
991:2020
959:ISBN
940:2020
908:ISBN
879:ISBN
511:, a
239:(by
237:Yoga
229:Hero
196:Rank
170:and
73:Died
48:Born
1565:at
1010:155
904:177
664:'s
517:MI6
498:U-2
426:KGB
384:MI5
352:MI6
348:CIA
331:KGB
321:in
315:GRU
249:GRU
241:MI6
233:CIA
182:GRU
1654::
1630:.
1615:.
1599:.
1595:.
1545:.
1524:.
1427:.
1423::
1419:.
1384:43
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1344:.
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982:.
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906:.
858:,
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1362:.
1321:.
1287:.
1230:.
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1022:.
993:.
967:.
942:.
916:.
887:.
247:(
56:)
52:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
