Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

6031: 6032: 74: 5908: 5896: 5884: 81: 1122: 1305: 1269: 151: 101: 1251: 1287: 1233: 4151: 1072: 1215: 1183: 4656: 4777: 284: 4727: 1323: 5920: 1155: 1090: 1337: 4853: 4529: 4428: 4306: 4298: 4290: 2970: 1108: 1018: 5872: 4128: 10250: 4952:). Russia took full responsibility for all the rights and obligations of the USSR under the Charter of the United Nations, including the financial obligations, and assumed control over its nuclear stockpile and the armed forces; Soviet embassies abroad became Russian embassies. On 25 December – just hours after Gorbachev resigned as president of the Soviet Union – the Russian SFSR was renamed the Russian Federation (Russia), reflecting that it was now a sovereign state with Yeltsin assuming the 10262: 2177: 6826:

Constituent Assembly decides: the Russian state is proclaimed by the Russian Democratic Federal Republic, uniting peoples and regions in an indissoluble union, within the limits established by the federal constitution. Of course, the above resolution, which did not thoroughly regulate the entire system of federal relations, was not considered by the authorities as having legal force, especially after the dissolution of the Constituent Assembly.'

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severe drought, contributed to a famine that caused between 3 and 10 million deaths. Coal production decreased from 27.5 million tons (1913) to 7 million tons (1920), while overall factory production also declined from 10,000 million roubles to 1,000 million roubles. According to the noted historian David Christian, the grain harvest was also slashed from 80.1 million tons (1913) to 46.5 million tons (1920).

258: 5506:, which existed until 9 January 1957 when the ChIASSR was re-established though only the southern border's original shape was retained. It declared sovereignty on 27 November 1990 as the Chechen-Ingush Republic. On 8 June 1991, the 2nd Chechen National Congress proclaimed a separate Chechen-Republic (Noxchi-Cho) and on 6 September began a coup which overthrew the Soviet local government. 270: 269: 262: 4418:, the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, being a part of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, devolves to the Union the powers which according to Article 1 of the Constitution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics are included within the scope of responsibilities of the government bodies of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. 267: 265: 4941:. Although the 12 December vote is sometimes reckoned as the moment that the RSFSR seceded from the collapsing Soviet Union, this is not the case. It appears that the RSFSR took the line that it did not need to follow the secession process delineated in the Soviet Constitution because it was not possible to secede from a country that no longer existed. 261: 266: 260: 264: 268: 263: 5000:(1917–1946) and Council of Ministers (1946–1991). The first government was headed by Vladimir Lenin as Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR and the last by Boris Yeltsin as both head of government and head of state under the title of president. The Russian SFSR was controlled by the 6165: 5617:

As noted by Corresponding Member RAS RAS V. I. Suslov, who took part in large-scale studies of the relationship between the economies of the republics of the USSR and the RSFSR in the late Soviet era: "The degree of inequality of economic exchange was very high, and Russia was always the losing side.

1994:

The RSFSR dominated the Soviet Union to a significant extent. For most of its existence, the Soviet Union was commonly (but incorrectly) referred to as "Russia". While the RSFSR itself was only one republic within the larger union, it was the largest, most powerful and most highly developed of the 15

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and Siberia, trailing in production to only the United States and Saudi Arabia. In 1974, there were 475 institutes of higher education in the republic providing education in 47 languages to some 23,941,000 students. A network of territorially organized public-health services provided health care. The

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and geopolitical reality". However, based on the historical community of peoples and relations between the three states, as well as bilateral treaties, the desire for a democratic rule of law, the intention to develop their relations based on mutual recognition and respect for state sovereignty, the

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issued a decree, proclaiming Russia a democratic federal republic under the name "Russian Democratic Federal Republic". However, the Bolsheviks dissolved the Assembly on the following day and declared its decrees null and void. Conversely, the Bolsheviks also reserved a number of vacant seats in the

5809:

The flag of the Russian SFSR changed numerous times, with the original being a field of red with the Russian name of the republic written on the flag's centre in white. This flag had always been intended to be temporary, as it was changed less than a year after its adoption. The second flag had the

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increasingly replacing money as a medium of exchange and, by 1921, heavy industry output had fallen to 20% of 1913 levels. 90% of wages were paid with goods rather than money. 70% of locomotives were in need of repair, and food requisitioning, combined with the effects of seven years of war and a

4927:

by an overwhelming majority: 188 votes for, 6 against and 7 abstentions. The legality of this ratification raised doubts among some members of the Russian parliament, since according to the Constitution of the RSFSR of 1978 consideration of this document was in the exclusive jurisdiction of the

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However, historically, the first proclamation of the federation was made somewhat earlier – by the Constituent Assembly of Russia. In his short resolution of 6 (18) January 1918, the following was enshrined: 'In the name of the peoples, the state of the Russian constituent, the All-Russian

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after recall of its members by the several union republics). After the dissolution, Russia took full responsibility for all the rights and obligations of the USSR under the Charter of the United Nations, including the financial obligations. As such, Russia assumed the Soviet Union's

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became the starting point of the state's economic activity. In March 1921, at the X Congress of the RCP (B), the tasks of the policy of "war communism" were recognized by the country's leadership as fulfilled, and a new economic policy was introduced at Lenin's suggestion.

223: 221: 220: 209: 232: 229: 225: 218: 216: 215: 213: 212: 211: 206: 5610:(State General Planning Commission) of the RSFSR, which replaced GOELRO, was reorganized into the Gosplan of the USSR. His early task was to develop a unified national economic plan based on the electrification plan and to oversee the overall implementation of this plan. 256: 233: 227: 180: 177: 219: 217: 207: 224: 239: 5104:

and on 18 October 1991 declared its independence. The Russian constitutional court overturned the declaration on 13 March 1992. In February 1994, a separate agreement was reached with Moscow on the status of Tatarstan as an associate state in Russia with confederate

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Unlike the previous Russian constitutions, the 1978 Constitution devoted an entire chapter (Chapter II) to the description of the economic system of the RSFSR, which defined the types of property and indicated the goals of the economic tasks of the state.

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was renamed and partitioned. Upon the ratification of the new Soviet constitution, the ASSR was elevated into a full Union Republic on 3 December 1936. On 25 October 1990, it declared sovereignty and on 16 December 1991 its independence as the

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On 21 April 1992, the Congress of People's Deputies of Russia approved the renaming of the RSFSR into the Russian Federation, by making appropriate amendments to the Constitution, which entered into force since publication on 16 May 1992.

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destabilised the Soviet Union. Following these events, Gorbachev lost all his remaining power, with Yeltsin superseding him as the pre-eminent figure in the country. On 8 December 1991, the heads of Russia, Ukraine and Belarus signed the

5432:. On 9 January 1957, Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast was re-established in its present borders, first as a part of Stavropol Krai and from 19 July 1958 as a part of the Kalmyk ASSR. On 18 October 1990, it declared sovereignty as the Kalmyk SSR. 5578: 1643:(CIS) as a loose replacement confederation. On 12 December, the agreement was ratified by the Supreme Soviet (the parliament of the Russian SFSR); therefore the Russian SFSR had renounced the Treaty on the Creation of the USSR and 4746:. On 8 February 1955, Malenkov was officially demoted to deputy Prime Minister. As First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, Nikita Khrushchev's authority was significantly enhanced by Malenkov's demotion. 4887:, the capital of the Soviet Union and Russia, Yeltsin strongly supported the President of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev. On 23 August, Yeltsin, in the presence of Gorbachev, signed a decree suspending all activity by the 4936:

and recalled all Russian deputies from the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. A number of lawyers believe that the denunciation of the union treaty was meaningless since it became invalid in 1924 with the adoption of the

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in early 1993. In response, the western Ingush districts after a referendum on 28 November 1991 were organised into an Ingush Republic which was officially established on 4 June 1992 by decree of Russian President as the

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of the Soviet Union with priority of Russian laws over Union-level legislation in 1990 and 1991, the last two years of the existence of the USSR. The Russian SFSR was composed of sixteen smaller constituent units of

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The economy of Russia became heavily industrialized, accounting for about two-thirds of the electricity produced in the USSR. By 1961, it was the third largest producer of petroleum due to new discoveries in the

4194:. The state it governed, which did not have an official name, would be unrecognized by neighboring countries for another five months. The initial stage of the October Revolution which involved the assault on 6856: 3189: 3128: 170: 6960: 6426: 203: 5606:

After the formation of the Soviet Union, the economy of the RSFSR became an integral part of the economy of the USSR. The economic program of the RSFSR (NEP) was continued in all union republics. The

551: 7115: 3113: 10756: 6169: 3959: 3938: 3917: 3896: 3808: 2717: 6991: 6141:"Law of the USSR of 14 March 1990 N 1360-I 'On the establishment of the office of the President of the USSR and the making of changes and additions to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the USSR'" 3792: 5454:. Upon the return of the Balkars, the KBASSR is re-instated on 9 January 1957. On 31 January 1991, the republic declared sovereignty as the Kabardino-Balkar SSR and from 10 March 1992 as the 4932:. However, by this time the Soviet government had been rendered more or less impotent, and was in no position to object. On the same day, the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR denounced the 4948:

that by agreement of the member states of the CIS the Russian Federation would assume the membership of the Soviet Union in all UN organs (including the Soviet Union's permanent seat on the

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stated that " Union Republic is a sovereign state that has united in the Union" and "each Union Republic shall retain the right freely to secede from the USSR". On 12 June 1990, the

168: 9169: 8205: 7479: 7300:Закон Российской Федерации от 21 апреля 1992 года № 2708-I «Об изменениях и дополнениях Конституции (Основного Закона) Российской Советской Федеративной Социалистической Республики» 5274: 5270: 4403:

in 1913, and Lenin's goal of 8.8 billion kWh was reached in 1931. National power output continued to increase significantly. It reached 13.5 billion kWh by the end of the

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The final name for the republic during the Soviet era was adopted by the Russian Constitution of 1937, which renamed it the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR).

5360:. Upon the ratification of the new Soviet constitution, the ASSR was elevated into a full Union Republic on 3 December 1936. On 12 December 1990, it declared sovereignty as the 6492:

The Bolsheviks' enemies gave the name 'Sovdepia' to the area under the authority of the Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies. The comic-opera term was intended to mock .

4985: 5385: 4041: 1759: 9573: 9556: 5353: 5029: 4476: 1655: 283: 6810:"Round Table the Influence Of National Relations on the Development of the Federative State Structure and on the Social and Political Realities of the Russian Federation" 6323: 9603: 1639:. The agreement declared dissolution of the USSR by its original founding states (i.e., renunciation of the 1922 Treaty on the Creation of the USSR) and established the 6115:. J. Davis. p. 58); the Mensheviks were allowed to legally hold a congress in 1920 and continued to be elected to the Congress of Soviets until being outlawed in 1921 ( 169: 5332: 5161:. Initially composed of several national districts, one-by-one these left the republic until 7 November 1924 when the remains of the republic was partitioned into the 5108: 5256: 5170: 2480: 1691: 5804: 4414:

By the will of the peoples of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, who decided on the formation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during the

2707: 86: 9546: 7454: 1918:) for the nascent state of the Soviets of Workers' and Peasants' Deputies. Speakers of colloquial English coined the term "Bololand" to refer to the land of the 6944: 73: 10771: 10066: 9566: 2712: 2531: 1901:

of the turbulent year of 1917. Initially, the new Soviet state did not have an official name and was not recognized by neighboring countries for five months.

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At a total of about 17,125,200 km (6,612,100 sq mi), the Russian SFSR was the largest of the fifteen Soviet republics, with its southerly neighbor, the

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into an ASSR. On 27 September 1990, it declared sovereignty as the Yakut-Sakha Soviet Socialist Republic. From 21 December 1991, it has been known as the

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of the entire country. Soviet propaganda declared the plan was basically fulfilled by 1931. The national power output per year stood at 1.9 billion

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The 1978 constitution of the Russian SFSR was amended several times to reflect the transition to democracy, private property and market economy. The new

8039: 7654: 5519:. The same decree de jure created a Chechen republic, although it would be established only on 3 June 1994 and carry out partial governance during the 6983: 9800: 6873: 6449: 1785: 6081: 5568: 5498:

until 22 March when the territory was portioned between North Ossetian and Dagestan ASSRs and the Georgian SSR. The remaining land was merged with

4637: 4361: 1512: 7391: 6144: 5299:. On 16 July 1956, it was downgraded in status to that of an ASSR and re-subordinated to RSFSR. It declared sovereignty on 13 October 1991 as the 5949: 5907: 5895: 5883: 4496: 3788: 2771: 4830: 9038: 6684: 5944: 5791:

of Russia. Though this image has a Western origin, Russians themselves have accepted it. The native Soviet Russian national personification is

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was quickly advancing through the Russian SFSR, and was approximately 10 miles (16 km) away from Moscow. However, after the defeat in the

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of the Japanese home islands remains in dispute with Japan and the United States following the peace treaty of 1951 ending the state of war.

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Penguin Books, London, 4th reprint (1983), pp. 257–258. The draft treaty was published for propaganda purposes in the 1921 British document

6394: 5343: 5071: 2013:, which it remains to this day. This name and "Russia" were specified as the official state names on 21 April 1992, in an amendment to the 5221:. Re-established on 12 February 1991, it declared sovereignty on 4 September of that year. On 5 May 1992, it declared independence as the 4560:

in which the Soviets suffered over 1,100,000 casualties, they achieved victory following the surrender of the last German troops near the

4281:

within the former Russian Empire had seceded, reducing the size of the country even more, although some were conquered by the Bolsheviks.

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into an ASSR. On 27 December 1943, upon the deportation of the Kalmyks, the ASSR was disbanded and split between the newly established

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Historical Dictionary of Socialism. James C. Docherty, Peter Lamb. Page 85. "The Soviet Union was a one-party Marxist-Leninist state."

5838:, with the main difference being a minor repositioning of the hammer and sickle and most notably adding a blue vertical stripe to the 10599: 10404: 9928: 9823: 9695: 9481: 7290:// Congress of People's Deputies of the Russian SFSR and Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR Daily. – 1992. – No. 2. – Article 62 5558: 5548: 4214:

for the opposition parties in proportion to their vote share at the Congress. At the same time, a number of prominent members of the

3952: 2298: 4972:). According to law, during 1992, it was allowed to use the old name of the RSFSR for official business (forms, seals, and stamps). 10442: 10346: 9833: 9750: 9643: 8804: 7607: 7564: 2421: 2053: 1294: 1127: 7336: 7152:

Decree of the President of the Russian SFSR 06.11. 1991 N169 "On activity of the CPSU and the Communist Party of the Russian SFSR"

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had succeeded in gaining the confidence of the Soviet leaders and had thus been able to learn the inside story about Bolo affairs.

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autonomous oblasts. The latter was part of the Kirgiz, then the Kazak ASSR until 1930 when it was directly subordinated to Moscow.

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in the territory of Russia. On 6 November, he went further, banning the Communist Parties of the USSR and the RSFSR in the RSFSR.

9773: 9580: 9447: 8341: 8246: 8161: 7688: 7419: 4945: 4607: 4211: 3734: 3545: 1979:. The final Soviet name for the constituent republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the later 1366: 661: 5388:

into an ASSR. It declared sovereignty on 13 December 1990 as the Mordovian SSR. Since 25 January 1991, it has been known as the

4914:. The document, consisting of a preamble and fourteen articles, stated that the Soviet Union no longer existed "as a subject of 10776: 10736: 10546: 10298: 9471: 9316: 9045: 8462: 7497: 7440: 6320: 5855: 5218: 4357: 2632: 2213: 1961: 1600: 1414: 848: 80: 5295:

was integrated into the RSFSR's administrative structure. On 31 March 1940, it was elevated into a full Union republic as the

10625: 10512: 9958: 9459: 9425: 9413: 9408: 9299: 8557: 8220: 7899: 7630: 6927: 6883: 6792: 6765: 6738: 6666: 6652: 6195: 4938: 3561: 1544: 9885: 8941: 7194: 6352: 5005: 4880: 1627: 10484: 9995: 9763: 8891: 8603: 7856: 7636: 7582: 7492: 5041: 4861: 4630: 4061: 3931: 3738: 3691: 3229: 2649: 2466: 2350: 2243: 2208: 6943:

Courtois, Stéphane; Werth, Nicolas; Panné, Jean-Louis; Paczkowski, Andrzej; Bartošek, Karel; Margolin, Jean-Louis (1999).

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with Central Asia and East Asia. The area is rich in mineral resources, including petroleum, natural gas, and iron ore.

10605: 10361: 9923: 9918: 9638: 9586: 8336: 7955: 7572: 7502: 7487: 7283: 6917: 6293: 5439: 4933: 4924: 4920: 4873: 4834: 4824: 4816: 4270: 3726: 3716: 2924: 2669: 2540: 2375: 2293: 2223: 2218: 2203: 1972: 1938: 1715: 1640: 1616: 1580: 1576: 766: 7225: 5213:, now recognized as genocide, as collective punishment for alleged collaboration with the German occupation regime in 10801: 10786: 10610: 10175: 10126: 10059: 9870: 9598: 9200: 9104: 8769: 8658: 8593: 7894: 7753: 7577: 7548: 7538: 7373: 7048: 6954: 6705: 6589: 6478: 6274: 6220: 5210: 4997: 4488: 4253:, the establishment of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (RSFSR) was proclaimed. On 3 March 1918, the 4037: 4033: 4029: 4025: 3143: 2360: 2325: 2263: 2238: 2233: 2069: 1825: 10595: 10476: 10412: 10205: 10193: 10017: 10007: 9963: 9778: 9454: 9403: 9286: 8517: 8500: 8166: 7543: 5717: 5483: 5469: 5166: 4964:. The Soviet Union officially ceased to exist the next day. The change was originally published on 6 January 1992 ( 4549: 3973: 3519: 3507: 3408: 2693: 2461: 2314: 2228: 195: 100: 5712:

During its 76-year existence, the Russian SFSR anthem was the same as the Soviet anthem (unlike other republics):

1944:

Internationally, the Russian SFSR was recognized as an independent state in 1920 only by its bordering neighbors (

10761: 10683: 10566: 10417: 10356: 10210: 10198: 10054: 10039: 9953: 9855: 9437: 9257: 8311: 7849: 7553: 7533: 5862:, the flag of the Russian Federation was changed to the original civil ensign with its original 2:3 proportions. 5843: 5538: 4618:. The territory of the ASSR was divided between other administrative units of Russian SFSR and the Georgian SSR. 4500: 4415: 4250: 4097: 3712: 2888: 2595: 2549: 2335: 2273: 2258: 2002: 1926: 1683: 1176: 835: 665: 7243:Расчленёнка. Кто и как развалил Советский Союз: Хроника. Документы. — М., Закон и право. 1998. — C. 58. — 209 с. 6900: 5854:, with a notable difference of the flag ratio being 1:2 instead of the original 2:3 ratio. After 1993, when the 4234:) and local government (Trutovsky). Lenin's government also instituted a number of progressive measures such as 4218:

had assumed positions in Lenin's government and lead commissariats in several areas. This included agriculture (

1975:, Russia (the RSFSR), alongside the Transcaucasian SFSR, the Ukrainian SSR and the Byelorussian SSR, formed the 10427: 10151: 10131: 9828: 9442: 9267: 9195: 8916: 8542: 7975: 7427: 6516: 6388: 5648: 5242: 5116: 5061: 4436: 4215: 4175: 3443: 3358: 2813: 2370: 2355: 2304: 2061: 1919: 1870: 1763: 1144: 35: 6839: 10688: 10437: 10222: 10049: 9913: 9865: 9626: 9420: 9294: 9277: 8712: 8427: 8251: 8211: 7965: 7889: 7884: 7788: 7463: 5827: 5572: 5371: 5230: 5065: 4910:

signed the "Agreement on the Establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States", known in media as the

4314: 4235: 3666: 3496: 3211: 2917: 2903: 2637: 2391: 2309: 2187: 1862: 1707:, nuclear stockpile and the control over the armed forces; Soviet embassies abroad became Russian embassies. 1704: 1651: 1467: 948: 318: 5402:

into an ASSR. It declared sovereignty on 20 September 1990. Since 11 October 1991, it has been known as the

10741: 10673: 10537: 10527: 10366: 9818: 9493: 9388: 9189: 9097: 8998: 8978: 8881: 8532: 8482: 8346: 8191: 8156: 7839: 5652: 5511: 5120: 4800: 4519: 4266: 4206: 3910: 3889: 3380: 2898: 2853: 2808: 2617: 2612: 2607: 2014: 1584: 1422: 124: 17: 7312: 10658: 10432: 10099: 10081: 9847: 9705: 9666: 9633: 9323: 9311: 9227: 9129: 8896: 8633: 8505: 8412: 8366: 8356: 8321: 8201: 8076: 8061: 7715: 7681: 7093: 6108: 5842:

This version of the flag was used from 1954 all the way to 1991, where it was changed due to the ongoing

5222: 5112: 4150: 4021: 3868: 3784: 3534: 3257: 3241: 2385: 2037: 1980: 1560:" restructuring policies, including the introduction of non-state owned enterprises (e.g. cooperatives). 1373: 929: 6077: 5589:

subordinated directly to the RSFSR. It declared sovereignty on 3 July 1991 as the Karachay-Cherkess SSR.

10796: 10291: 10094: 10071: 10044: 8956: 8789: 8571: 8552: 8452: 8442: 8437: 8029: 7909: 7388: 7299: 5764: 5565:

was elevated into an ASSR. On 12 December 1990, it declared sovereignty as the Soviet Republic of Tyva.

5555:

into an ASSR. Declared Sovereignty on 22 December 1990 as the Mari Soviet Socialist Republic (Mari El).

5190: 4622: 4568: 4523: 4444: 4090: 3676: 3611: 3249: 2949: 2868: 2679: 2396: 1997:

it was an open secret that the country's federal structure was "window dressing" for Russian dominance.

1905: 1398:

lost all of its value due to overprinting. It would be replaced that same year by the new Soviet ruble.

1077: 6610: 6140: 10811: 10806: 10136: 10109: 10012: 9008: 8988: 8961: 8717: 8477: 8236: 8115: 8044: 7924: 6549: 5792: 5725: 5638: 5357: 5347: 5083: 5082:. On 11 October 1990, it declared its sovereignty, as the Bashkir SSR, which in 1992 was renamed the 3804: 3796: 3321: 3091: 2781: 1356: 10104: 6681: 5450:

on 8 April 1944, the republic is renamed as Kabardin ASSR and parts of its territory transferred to

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into an ASSR. Declared sovereignty on 23 November 1990 as the Komi SSR and from 26 May 1992 as the

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and stated that the RSFSR shall retain the right of free secession from the USSR. On 12 June 1991,

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Letter to the Secretary-General of the United Nations from the President of the Russian Federation

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famine, killed an estimated 5 million, primarily affecting the Volga and Ural River regions.

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declared Russia's independence from the USSR itself and the ties with the other Soviet republics.

10653: 10579: 10383: 9466: 9028: 9003: 8839: 8688: 8648: 8351: 8296: 8181: 8049: 6757:

The French Revolutionary Tradition in Russian and Soviet Politics, Political Thought, and Culture

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is a recognizable symbol of the Russian SFSR (and the Soviet Union as a whole) and the towers of

5721: 5494:, on 7 March 1944 the ChIASSR was disbanded and the Grozny Okrug was temporarily administered by 5205:'s Army, ending the Russian Civil War in Europe. On 18 May 1944, it was reduced to the status of 4626: 4254: 3768: 3750: 3730: 3617: 3589: 3081: 2863: 1752: 1687: 782: 429: 248: 10532: 5486:

was elevated into an ASSR and subordinated to Moscow. Following the en masse deportation of the

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The Big Show in Bololand: The American Relief Expedition to Soviet Russia in the Famine of 1921

5724:, which went on to become the anthem of independent Russia since 1991. In 2000, Vladimir Putin 5562: 5552: 5461: 5337: 5292: 4776: 4410:

Paragraph 3 of Chapter 1 of the 1925 Constitution of the RSFSR stated the following:

3299: 3177: 2987: 2722: 2622: 2018: 1711: 523: 10522: 6378: 5826:

reform was undertaken within the Soviet Union. This change incorporated an update for all the

2602: 10746: 10703: 10615: 10574: 10388: 10284: 10265: 9237: 8993: 8734: 8707: 8668: 8608: 8407: 8376: 8286: 8034: 7970: 6562: 5732:"Workers of the world, unite!" was commonly used and shared with other Soviet republics. The 5678:

Victory Day is the second most popular holiday in Russia as it commemorates the victory over

5234: 5101: 4907: 4726: 3599: 2893: 2878: 2756: 2511: 2492: 2006: 1904:

Anti-Bolsheviks soon suggested new names, however. By 1919 they had coined the mocking label

1890: 1604: 7432: 6470: 6185: 5472:

was raised into an ASSR. Declared sovereignty on 26 December 1990 as the North Ossetian SSR.

4849:", pitting the Soviet Union against the Russian Federation and other constituent republics. 4174:

The Soviet government first came to power on 7 November 1917, immediately after the interim

10551: 10027: 9890: 9710: 9508: 9222: 9023: 8931: 8926: 8678: 8613: 8371: 8306: 8301: 8291: 8261: 8256: 8216: 7723: 6567:- "Misused for: a Bolshevik. Also collective singular = the Bolshevists. Also attributive." 5830:

as well as for the flag of the Soviet Union itself. The flag of the Russian SFSR was now a

5664: 5618:

The product created by Russia largely supported the consumption of other union republics".

5389: 5378:. In 1964, it was renamed the Karakalpak ASSR. It declared sovereignty on 14 December 1990. 5282: 5278: 5075: 4660: 4557: 4537: 4404: 4239: 3573: 3376: 2823: 2818: 2798: 2564: 1596: 1041: 1023: 520: 505: 496: 489: 476: 466: 10114: 7114:

Constitution (Basic Law) of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (approved by

7014:"Source List and Detailed Death Tolls for the Primary Megadeaths of the Twentieth Century" 5871: 8: 10668: 10647: 10641: 10254: 9983: 9788: 9717: 9525: 9374: 9252: 9174: 9147: 9018: 8774: 8724: 8643: 8547: 8381: 8326: 8281: 8276: 8271: 8226: 8186: 8151: 8093: 8007: 7938: 7800: 5740:

are still widely seen in Russian cities as part of architectural decorations. The Soviet

5737: 5683: 5668: 5479: 5465: 5443: 5300: 5214: 5174: 5124: 5033: 4953: 4949: 4865: 4649: 4588: 4369: 4345: 3541: 3486: 3354: 3139: 2969: 2858: 1894: 1695: 1690:

on 26 December, which by that time was the only functioning parliamentary chamber of the

1620: 1480: 1389: 395: 4788:. Under his rule, the Russian SFSR and the rest of the Soviet Union went through a mass 4764:

were restored by Khrushchev and they were transferred from the Georgian SSR back to the

2659: 10678: 10561: 10121: 10032: 9349: 9262: 9152: 9142: 8946: 8921: 8911: 8901: 8886: 8871: 8829: 8759: 8744: 8683: 8663: 8653: 8623: 8598: 8583: 8527: 8467: 8457: 8316: 8139: 8125: 8120: 8066: 8002: 7812: 7344: 7167: 6090: 6050: 6026:[rɐˈsʲijskəjəsɐˈvʲetskəjəfʲɪdʲɪrɐˈtʲivnəjəsətsɨəlʲɪˈsʲtʲitɕɪskəjərʲɪˈspublʲɪkə] 6001:[rɐˈsʲijskəjəsətsɨəlʲɪˈsʲtʲitɕɪskəjəfʲɪdʲɪrɐˈtʲivnəjəsɐˈvʲetskəjərʲɪˈspublʲɪkə] 5859: 5713: 5672: 5660: 5455: 5296: 4967: 4750: 4739: 4695: 4691: 4645: 4448: 4191: 4187: 4179: 4164: 3855: 3819: 3758: 3746: 3654: 3607: 3347: 3245: 3233: 3147: 3135: 3055: 2848: 2554: 2501: 1988: 1898: 1874: 1866: 1564: 535: 517: 160: 7414: 10663: 10229: 10169: 9948: 9734: 9430: 9232: 9217: 9159: 9064: 8816: 8784: 8779: 8764: 8739: 8588: 8537: 8487: 8417: 8395: 8240: 8024: 7960: 7950: 7914: 7817: 7783: 7761: 7706: 7389:

Law "On Amendments and Additions to the Constitution (Basic Law) of the Russian SFSR"

7044: 6950: 6923: 6879: 6788: 6761: 6734: 6662: 6585: 6512: 6474: 6384: 6270: 6216: 6191: 5847: 5831: 5749: 5733: 5627: 5524: 5520: 5306: 5194: 5093: 5025: 4915: 4852: 4793: 4789: 4528: 4427: 4305: 4297: 4289: 4274: 4199: 3742: 3706: 3702: 3595: 3422: 3404: 3392: 3267: 3253: 3237: 3204: 3157: 3010: 2958: 2776: 2702: 2559: 2133: 1984: 1933:. In July 1918, the fifth All-Russian Congress of Soviets adopted both the new name, 1636: 1631: 1612: 1549: 1484: 743: 6463: 5694:. Similar parades take place in all major Russian cities and cities with the status 4813:

Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

4784:

In 1964, Nikita Khrushchev was removed from his position of power and replaced with

4269:

of World War I. In July 1918, the fifth All-Russian Congress of Soviets adopted the

10341: 9013: 8951: 8906: 8849: 8754: 8673: 8638: 8447: 8098: 7997: 7805: 6025: 6000: 5982: 5542: 5528: 5417: 5322: 5317:

to Central Asia, the ASSR was disbanded. The territory was partitioned between the

5157:

was formed on 20 January 1921 after the Bolshevik Red Army evicted the short-lived

5148: 5144: 5136: 4911: 4820: 4545: 4223: 4219: 4183: 3698: 3557: 3475: 3432: 3225: 3215: 2569: 1911: 1886: 1878: 1858: 1516: 1488: 1258: 987: 812: 532: 514: 502: 473: 381: 349: 6461:

Mawdsley, Evan (2007). "Sovdepia: The Soviet Zone, October 1917 – November 1918".

6341: 5575:

declared sovereignty. Since 3 July 1991, it has been known as the Gorno-Altai SSR.

5510:, all authority passed to the self-proclaimed government which was renamed as the 10556: 10517: 10378: 10141: 9354: 9306: 9212: 9073: 9033: 8936: 8876: 8866: 8854: 8799: 8618: 8012: 7987: 7766: 7395: 7377: 7287: 7229: 6688: 6614: 6506: 6327: 6297: 6247: 6117: 6085: 5772: 5756: 5705: 5687: 5656: 5403: 5367: 5184: 4903: 4899: 4785: 4735: 4683:, making them part of the RSFSR. The status of the southernmost Kurils, north of 4680: 4460: 4392: 4243: 4227: 4141: 3838: 3372: 3310: 3288: 3167: 3060: 2761: 2664: 1568: 1553: 1532: 1463: 1113: 704: 499: 493: 470: 308: 7130:

The Constitution (Basic Law) of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

6543: 5249:

in March 2014, a move largely considered illegal by the international community.

5044:

were disbanded on 27 October 1924 and replaced by the Soviet Union republics of

30:"Soviet Russia" redirects here. For the former socialist nation as a whole, see 10698: 10693: 10161: 10089: 9369: 9359: 8971: 8844: 8105: 8071: 7795: 7748: 6240: 6073: 6046: 5851: 5760: 5651:(23 February), which honors Russian men, especially those serving in the army; 5586: 5499: 5495: 5429: 5425: 5381: 5318: 5260: 5226: 5206: 5021: 4961: 4452: 4400: 4258: 4231: 4133: 3396: 3388: 3332: 3277: 3044: 3030: 2999: 2873: 2684: 2121: 2113: 2085: 1965: 1882: 1843: 1731: 1679: 1675: 1671: 779: 730: 616: 6809: 6437:

The names Russian Federation and Russia have been equal since 25 December 1993

4583:

were exiled to Central Asia for their alleged collaboration with the invading

4364:

into a single federal state, the Soviet Union. The treaty was included in the

1619:

the first and only President of the RSFSR, a post that would later become the

10725: 10708: 10542: 10022: 9078: 8983: 8492: 8231: 7822: 7070: 6635: 5846:. The flag was changed to a design that resembled the original ensign of the 5811: 5780: 5599: 5503: 5491: 5421: 5314: 5202: 5154: 5132: 4869: 4754: 4743: 4699: 4676: 4611: 4572: 4379:, Russian abbreviation for "State Commission for Electrification of Russia" ( 4333: 4262: 4080: 3776: 3464: 3414: 3101: 3071: 2883: 2746: 2674: 2627: 2411: 2077: 1983:. By that time, Soviet Russia had gained roughly the same borders of the old 1897:(Old Style: February). The October Revolution was thus the second of the two 1608: 1528: 1005: 941: 640: 586: 419: 409: 7280: 6290: 5350:

into an ASSR. It declared sovereignty on 26 October 1990 as the Chuvash SSR.

5092:

was formed on 27 May 1920 on the territory of the western two-thirds of the

4715: 1718:, completely abolished the Soviet form of government and replaced it with a 10422: 10319: 10307: 9905: 9726: 9120: 8859: 7844: 7834: 7222: 6658: 5839: 5819: 5784: 5451: 4796:

took power in March 1985 and introduced liberal reforms in Soviet society.

4765: 4707: 4703: 4663:, considered by many historians as a decisive turning point of World War II 4596: 4592: 4584: 4325: 4318: 4156: 4137: 3643: 3632: 3549: 3221: 2340: 2166: 2129: 2097: 1847: 1504: 1471: 1457: 1204: 1095: 902: 709: 628: 322: 289: 31: 7370: 7255:История крушения СССР: политико-правовые аспекты. — М., 2001. — C. 299—300 6701: 5281:. Until 7 July 1958 – Mongol-Buryat ASSR. On 27 March 1991, it became the 4127: 10471: 9768: 9730: 9722: 9344: 9328: 9242: 9184: 8054: 7861: 7738: 7143:

Decree of the President of the Russian SFSR of 23 August 1991 No. 79

6183: 5823: 5815: 5744:

are also encountered, often on military equipment and war memorials. The

5409: 5395: 5128: 5045: 4846: 4561: 4471:

on 5 December 1936, the size of the RSFSR was significantly reduced. The

4464: 4440: 4329: 3720: 3621: 3603: 3581: 3569: 2991: 2803: 2793: 2443: 2402: 2380: 2105: 2057: 2049: 1557: 1524: 1418: 1240: 699: 570: 7013: 5690:, hosted by the President of Russia, is annually organised in Moscow on 1385:

As Chairmen of the Council of Ministers – Government of the Russian SFSR

9758: 8083: 7743: 7733: 7267:Юридический механизм разрушения СССР. — М, 2016. — С. 254—255. — 448 с. 5745: 5691: 5516: 5361: 5053: 4711: 4640:

in 1944, the Russian SFSR annexed their easternmost territories around

4615: 4553: 4504: 4492: 4484: 4480: 4407:

in 1932, 36 billion kWh by 1937, and 48 billion kWh by 1940.

4375:

One of the early ambitious economic plans of the Soviet government was

3362: 2766: 2644: 2141: 2137: 2125: 2093: 2030: 1839: 1766: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1460: 1276: 486: 463: 9089: 7128: 6342:"Petroleum Geology and Resources of the Volga-Ural Province, U.S.S.R." 6267:

European Dictatorships: A Comparative History of the Twentieth Century

6111:

formed a Socialist coalition government that lasted until March 1918 (

5989:

1918–1936: Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic (Russian:

10461: 10324: 9978: 9973: 9795: 9688: 9518: 9179: 7728: 6875:

After the Vote Was Won: The Later Achievements of Fifteen Suffragists

5768: 5701: 5534: 5375: 5131:

and Orenburg Governorate populated by Kirgiz-Kaysaks (former name of

5057: 5049: 4718:– was annexed by the Soviet Union and made part of the Russian SFSR. 4641: 4580: 4541: 4337: 4195: 3833: 3553: 3368: 2654: 2456: 2151:, with mountainous tundra regions mainly concentrated in the east of 2117: 1957: 1854: 1851: 1572: 1520: 1222: 5822:. Interesting because it was used until Stalin's death when a major 5527:

would again suspend the government on 15 November 1996. The present

5187:. On 17 September 1991, it declared sovereignty as the Dagestan SSR. 4257:

was signed, giving away much of the westernmost lands of the former

1741: 9968: 9513: 9247: 9207: 6104: 5741: 5487: 5198: 5079: 5074:

was formed on 23 March 1919 from several northern districts of the

5056:

until December 1929, when it too became a full Union republic, the

5010:

Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

5008:, which prompted President Yeltsin to suspend the recently created 4684: 4672: 4668: 4160: 3850: 3754: 3577: 3400: 3020: 2828: 2526: 2065: 1500: 936: 906: 714: 541: 445: 7666: 7415:

Full Texts and All Laws Amending Constitutions of the Russian SFSR

6351:. 1983, U.S. Department of the Interior – U.S. Geological Survey. 5598:

In the first years of the existence of the RSFSR, the doctrine of

10507: 10466: 9860: 9364: 8206:

Foreign Relations of Russia since the Russian invasion of Ukraine

8088: 7281:"On renaming of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" 7183: 6919:

Lenin: A Political Life: Volume 1: The Strengths of Contradiction

6330:. Encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com. Retrieved on 22 June 2011. 6184:

R. W. Davies; Mark Harrison; S. G. Wheatcroft (9 December 1993).

5607: 5447: 5151:

oblasts. On 19 April 1925, it was renamed Kazak ASSR. (see below)

4895: 4792:. Even after Brezhnev's death in 1982, the era did not end until 3585: 2506: 2450: 2407: 2152: 2101: 2089: 2081: 2045: 1949: 1945: 1571:

and the world's first constitutionally socialist state guided by

1162: 1059: 440: 6511:. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. p. 687. 2052:

on the northwest; and to its southeast in eastern Asia were the

1466:

from 1917 to 1922, and afterwards the largest and most populous

10757:

Countries and territories where Russian is an official language

10276: 7697: 7100: 6321:

The Free Dictionary Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic

5679: 5097: 5015: 4884: 4552:, the Germans were pushed back. In 1942, the Wehrmacht entered 4456: 4376: 2109: 2041: 1953: 1865:

25 October] 1917. This happened immediately after the

1699: 1663: 1650:

On 25 December 1991, following the resignation of Gorbachev as

1536: 1508: 1496: 1330: 1190: 371: 356: 5374:

into the Kara-Kalpak ASSR; from 5 December 1936 a part of the

4986:

Government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

2072:; 1911–1949). Within the Soviet Union, the RSFSR bordered the 1705:

UN membership and permanent membership on the Security Council

1556:, began to be liberalized starting in 1985 under Gorbachev's " 1507:. The capital of the Russian SFSR and the USSR as a whole was 9783: 9661: 7462: 7302:// «Российская газета», 16 мая 1992 года, № 111 (447), с. 3–5 6582:

A History of Modern Russia from Nicholas II to Vladimir Putin

6017:Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика 5992:Российская Социалистическая Федеративная Советская Республика 5776: 5729: 5229:

of Ukraine overturned the declaration, but compromised on an

4738:

became the new leader of the USSR. In January 1954, Malenkov

3565: 3051: 2319: 2148: 1395: 1312: 55:Российская Советская Федеративная Социалистическая Республика 6942: 6289:

Declaration of Rights of the laboring and exploited people (

5720:. In 1990, the RSFSR adopted its own separate anthem called 4856:

Flag adopted by the Russian SFSR national parliament in 1991

9895: 9671: 7163:"Gorbachev is Ready to Resign as Post-Soviet Plan Advances" 6617:. Russians.net (23 August 1943). Retrieved on 22 June 2011. 5024:

was formed on 30 April 1918 on the territory of the former

2365: 2330: 2193: 2073: 1922:(a term identified from 1919 onwards with the Bolsheviks). 1630:

in Moscow with the temporary brief internment of President

1492: 7421:

Russian Federation; The Whole Republic a Construction Site

7279:

approved the Law of the RSFSR #2094-I of 25 December 1991

7066:Развитие электроэнергетики в СССР (к 80летию плана ГОЭЛРО) 6902:

Lenin's Plan for Building Socialism in the USSR, 1917–1925

6872:

Adams, Katherine H.; Keene, Michael L. (10 January 2014).

6383:. Honolulu: University Press of the Pacific. p. 183. 6187:

The Economic Transformation of the Soviet Union, 1913–1945

5464:

was formed on 5 December 1936 upon the disbandment of the

4564:, ultimately pushing German forces out of Russia by 1944. 2068:) and the People's Republic of China (China, formerly the 9880: 9700: 5313:

into an ASSR. On 28 August 1941, upon the deportation of

5255:

was formed on 16 February 1922 upon the elevation of the

4396: 953: 918: 6215:(sixth ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 458. 5805:

Flag of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

5551:

was formed on 5 December 1936 upon the elevation of the

5537:

was formed on 5 December 1936 upon the elevation of the

5438:

was formed on 5 December 1936 upon the departure of the

5269:

was formed on 30 March 1923 as due to the merger of the

4829:

On 29 May 1990, at his third attempt, Boris Yeltsin was

4324:

The economic impact of the Civil War was devastating. A

2147:

Roughly 70% of the area in the RSFSR consisted of broad

1579:

was adopted in 1918. In 1922, the Russian SFSR signed a

824:• Russian SFSR renamed into the Russian Federation 6946:

The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression

6607: 5767:

in Moscow are Russian SFSR's main architectural icons.

5346:

was formed on 21 April 1925 upon the elevation of the

4595:, 1941–1945), and territory was incorporated into the 6250:(in Russian). Hist.msu.ru. Retrieved on 22 June 2011. 5398:

was formed on 28 December 1934 upon the elevation of

5384:

was formed on 20 December 1934 upon the elevation of

5309:

was formed on 19 December 1924 upon elevation of the

5100:. On 30 October 1990, it declared sovereignty as the 2788:

De-satellization of the Socialist Republic of Romania

1421:

was still in the hands of the Soviets even after the

6905:. Novosti Press Agency Publishing House. p. 48. 6730:

The Blackwell Encyclopedia of the Russian Revolution

6179: 6177: 5940:

Bibliography of the Russian Revolution and Civil War

5412:

was formed on 20 October 1935 upon the elevation of

5356:

was formed on 1 February 1926 upon elevation of the

4923:. On 12 December, the agreement was ratified by the 4843:

Declaration of State Sovereignty of the Russian SFSR

1873:(most recently led by opposing democratic socialist 1376:

from 29 May 1990 to 10 July 1991, then as President.

332:

Union Republic of the Soviet Union with priority of

7313:"Конституция РСФСР в редакции от 12 апреля 1978 г." 5818:. The next flag was used from 1937, notably during 5810:letters РСФСР (RSFSR) written in yellow within the 5135:). Further enlarged in 1921 upon gaining land from 4762:

Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic

1973:

with the treaty on the creation of the Soviet Union

6542: 6462: 6445: 6443: 6103:After the October Revolution, the Bolsheviks, the 5647:The public holidays for the Russian SFSR included 5370:was formed on 20 March 1932 upon elevation of the 5193:was formed on 18 October 1921 on the territory of 4760:On 9 January 1957, Karachay Autonomous Oblast and 4734:After the death of Joseph Stalin on 5 March 1953, 1567:, the Russian Soviet Republic was proclaimed as a 1381:Council of People's Commissars of the Russian SFSR 6236: 6234: 6232: 6174: 5531:government was re-established on 15 October 1999. 4845:on 12 June 1990, which was the beginning of the " 2120:) (Included in USSR in 1940) to its west and the 1714:, coming into effect on 25 December 1993 after a 1583:officially creating the USSR. The Russian SFSR's 10723: 9969:Lenin All-Union Academy of Agricultural Sciences 6861:. International Universities Press. p. 130. 5632: 4667:At the end of World War II Soviet troops of the 4362:Transcaucasian Soviet Federal Socialist Republic 4249:On 25 January 1918, at the third meeting of the 3971: 3664: 6541: 6440: 6113:Historical Dictionary of the Russian Revolution 5983:[rɐˈsʲijskəjəsɐˈvʲetskəjərʲɪˈspublʲɪkə] 5950:Bibliography of the post-Stalinist Soviet Union 4497:Karakalpak Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic 2036:The international borders of the RSFSR touched 2005:, which concluded on the next day, the RSFSR's 1539:. It was the first socialist state in history. 1417:existed briefly on 19 January 1918, but actual 6575: 6573: 6264: 6229: 5945:Bibliography of Stalinism and the Soviet Union 5814:and encased within two yellow lines forming a 5183:was formed on 20 January 1921 from the former 4602:On 3 March 1944, on the orders of Stalin, the 2017:, and were retained as such in the subsequent 1775:"Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic" 871:17,125,200 km (6,612,100 sq mi) 10772:States and territories disestablished in 1991 10292: 9105: 7682: 7448: 6269:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 67. 6265:Besier, Gerhard; Stokłosa, Katarzyna (2014). 6260: 6258: 6256: 6015: 5990: 5972: 5159:Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus 4965: 4839:Congress of People's Deputies of the Republic 4098: 2925: 1552:since the late 1970s under General Secretary 53: 10732:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 7043:. London: Macmillan Press Ltd. p. 236. 6844:. Oxford University Press. pp. 330–336. 6691:. Marxistsfr.org. Retrieved on 22 June 2011. 6632:Intercourse between Bolshevism and Sinn Féin 6603: 6601: 5971:1918: Russian Soviet Republic (Russian: 5655:(8 March), which combines the traditions of 5016:Autonomous republics within the Russian SFSR 4435:Many regions in Russia were affected by the 1935:Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic 1925:On 25 January 1918 the third meeting of the 1450:Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic 1434:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic 6854: 6570: 6210: 5671:; and like all other Soviet republics, the 5331:was formed on 19 April 1925 when the first 4996:The Government was known officially as the 1474:(USSR) from 1922 to 1991, until becoming a 10782:1991 disestablishments in the Soviet Union 10767:States and territories established in 1917 10299: 10285: 9112: 9098: 7689: 7675: 7455: 7441: 7371:"On the national flag of the Russian SFSR" 6990:. UC Press E-Books Collection, 1982-2004. 6871: 6841:The Prophet Armed Trotsky 1879-1921 (1954) 6339: 6253: 4930:Congress of People's Deputies of the RSFSR 4780:Ethnographic map of the Soviet Union, 1970 4694:– the north-eastern portion of the former 4117: 4105: 4091: 2932: 2918: 1666:. The next day, after the lowering of the 1425:opened its first and last session in 1918. 1388:Served as acting head of government while 1362:Official language in the courts from 1937. 282: 7038: 6949:. Harvard University Press. p. 123. 6899:Ugri͡umov, Aleksandr Leontʹevich (1976). 6898: 6837: 6598: 6504: 6190:. Cambridge University Press. p. 6. 5585:was elevated into an ASSR and instead of 4753:was transferred back to the RSFSR as the 4346:First Congress of the Soviets of the USSR 4328:emerged in Russia, despite the threat of 1826:Learn how and when to remove this message 10443:Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia 6988:Bread and Authority in Russia, 1914-1921 6780: 6760:. Oxford University Press. p. 224. 6628:The Bolshevik Revolution 1917–23, vol. 3 6584:. Harvard University Press. p. 84. 6460: 5748:continues to be honored, especially the 5700: 4851: 4775: 4725: 4654: 4625:was joined with the Russian SFSR as the 4527: 4426: 4304: 4296: 4288: 1877:(1881–1970)) which had governed the new 1563:On 7 November 1917 , as a result of the 9119: 8342:Collective Security Treaty Organization 7116:Twelfth All-Russian Congress of Soviets 7091: 6915: 6753: 6726: 6579: 6376: 5561:was formed on 10 October 1961 when the 5482:was disestablished and its constituent 5478:was formed on 5 December 1936 when the 5364:and on 31 August 1991 its independence. 5197:within the Russian SFSR, following the 4946:Secretary-General of the United Nations 4919:parties agreed to the formation of the 1367:All-Russian Central Executive Committee 14: 10724: 10547:Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia 9138:Index of Soviet Union–related articles 6733:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 343. 6316: 6314: 6312: 6310: 5217:. On 19 February 1954, the oblast was 5111:was formed on 26 August 1920 from the 5060:. The RSFSR retained the newly formed 4575:(1878–1953), General Secretary of the 4370:Second Congress of Soviets of the USSR 4358:Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic 4352:, by which Russia was united with the 4205:On 18 January 1918, the newly elected 1995:republics. According to Matthew White 1628:August 1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt 1415:Russian Democratic Federative Republic 1177:Belarusian People's Republic (portion) 10513:1949 East German State Railway strike 10485:World Federation of Democratic Youth 10280: 9093: 7900:Judicial system of the Russian Empire 7670: 7436: 6784:The Russian Revolution: A New History 6702:"Russia the Great: Mineral resources" 6654:The Great Big Book of Horrible Things 6647: 6340:Peterson, James A.; Clarke, James W. 6024: 5999: 5981: 4944:On 24 December, Yeltsin informed the 4679:off the coast of East Asia, north of 4416:Tenth All-Russian Congress of Soviets 4391:ссии), which sought to achieve total 2054:Democratic People's Republic of Korea 1149:Ukrainian People's Republic (portion) 292:(red and white) between 1956 and 1991 10384:Soviet response to the Marshall Plan 9039:Unified Sports Classification System 7195:Из СССР В СНГ: подчиняясь реальности 6994:from the original on 27 October 2021 6708:from the original on 19 January 2011 6563:participating institution membership 6283: 6170:article 171 of the 1978 Constitution 6166:article 114 of the 1937 Constitution 5581:was formed on 17 November 1990 when 5291:was formed on 23 July 1923 when the 5036:, the Turkestan ASSR along with the 4631:Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic 4368:, adopted on 31 January 1924 by the 2467:World Federation of Democratic Youth 1929:proclaimed the establishment of the 1764:adding citations to reliable sources 1735: 1662:), the Russian SFSR was renamed the 1621:Presidency of the Russian Federation 121:Пролетарии всех стран, соединяйтесь! 7696: 6981: 6727:Shukman, Harold (5 December 1994). 6377:Sokolov, Vasily Andreevich (2002). 6307: 6147:from the original on 13 August 2011 5643:Public holidays in the Soviet Union 5583:Karachay-Cherkess Autonomous Oblast 5571:was formed on 25 October 1990 when 5002:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 4992:List of leaders of the Russian SFSR 4889:Communist Party of the Russian SFSR 4354:Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic 4198:occurred largely without any human 1977:Union of Soviet Socialist Republics 1660:Communist Party of the Soviet Union 24: 10606:Sovietization of the Baltic states 8337:Commonwealth of Independent States 7367:Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR 7277:Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR 7270: 6124: 6078:"Lenine's Migration A Queer Scene" 5673:Great October Socialist Revolution 5502:Kizlyar district and organised as 5440:Kabardino-Balkar Autonomous Oblast 4960:was lowered and replaced with the 4934:Treaty on the Creation of the USSR 4925:Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR 4921:Commonwealth of Independent States 4835:Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR 4825:1993 Russian constitutional crisis 4350:Treaty on the Creation of the USSR 3978: 2541:Guerrilla war in the Baltic states 2015:then existing Constitution of 1978 1641:Commonwealth of Independent States 849:End of the Soviet political system 755:• Soviet republic proclaimed 288:The Russian SFSR (red) within the 25: 10823: 10477:World Federation of Trade Unions 7405: 6963:from the original on 27 June 2018 6397:from the original on 2 April 2015 6358:from the original on 2 April 2015 5933: 5211:deportation of the Crimean Tatars 4489:Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic 3992: 27:Soviet republic from 1917 to 1991 10694:January 1991 events in Lithuania 10352:Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina 10306: 10261: 10260: 10248: 6916:Service, Robert (24 June 1985). 6858:The Soviet Revolution, 1917-1939 6855:Abramovitch, Raphael R. (1985). 6807: 5918: 5906: 5894: 5882: 5870: 5858:was officially dissolved in the 5484:Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Oblast 5470:North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast 5219:transferred to the Ukrainian SSR 5167:North Ossetian Autonomous Oblast 5139:and again in 1924 from parts of 4271:Constitution of the Russian SFSR 4230:), post offices and telegraphs ( 4149: 4126: 4074: 2968: 2462:World Federation of Trade Unions 2175: 2144:) to the south in Central Asia. 2001:On 25 December 1991, during the 1939:Constitution of the Russian SFSR 1740: 1593:Declaration of State Sovereignty 1335: 1321: 1303: 1285: 1267: 1249: 1231: 1213: 1195: 1181: 1167: 1153: 1120: 1106: 1088: 1070: 1052: 1034: 1016: 998: 980: 254: 201: 196:State Anthem of the Soviet Union 166: 147: 99: 79: 72: 10418:Czechoslovak Socialist Republic 7382: 7359: 7329: 7305: 7293: 7258: 7246: 7234: 7213: 7199: 7188: 7174: 7155: 7146: 7137: 7121: 7108: 7092:Никитин, Олег (February 2010). 7085: 7057: 7032: 7006: 6975: 6936: 6909: 6892: 6865: 6848: 6831: 6801: 6787:. Basic Books. pp. 1–496. 6774: 6747: 6720: 6704:. Russian Information Network. 6694: 6675: 6641: 6620: 6535: 6505:Patenaude, Bertrand M. (2002). 6497: 6454: 6431: 6420: 6409: 6370: 6333: 6039: 5974:Российская Советская Республика 5798: 5726:re-introduced the Soviet anthem 5539:Komi (Zyryan) Autonomous Oblast 5446:. After the deportation of the 5275:Buryat-Mongol Autonomous Oblast 5271:Mongol-Buryat Autonomous Oblast 4902:, Yeltsin, Ukrainian President 4881:1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt 4817:1991 Soviet coup d'etat attempt 4638:reconquering Estonia and Latvia 4501:Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic 4265:, in exchange for peace on the 4251:All-Russian Congress of Soviets 3986:Not internationally recognized. 1927:All-Russian Congress of Soviets 1751:needs additional citations for 1725: 836:Dissolution of the Soviet Union 6781:McMeekin, Sean (30 May 2017). 6211:Riasanovsky, Nicholas (2000). 6204: 6159: 6133: 6097: 6067: 6008: 5962: 5649:Defender of the Fatherland Day 5311:Volga German Autonomous Oblast 4998:Council of People's Commissars 4939:first constitution of the USSR 4806: 4771: 4216:Left Socialist Revolutionaries 4176:Russian Provisional Government 3980: 3444:General Secretariat of Ukraine 1871:Russian Provisional Government 1861:state on 7 November [ 1611:(1931–2007), supported by the 36:Soviet Russia (disambiguation) 13: 1: 10777:1917 establishments in Russia 10737:Republics of the Soviet Union 10699:January 1991 events in Latvia 10689:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 10438:Socialist Republic of Romania 10413:People's Republic of Bulgaria 10405:People's Republic of Albania 10374:1948 Czechoslovak coup d'état 9801:Political abuse of psychiatry 9593:Congress of People's Deputies 8247:Political abuse of psychiatry 7464:Republics of the Soviet Union 6060: 5828:flags of the Soviet Republics 5633:National holidays and symbols 5573:Gorno-Altai Autonomous Oblast 5372:Kara-Kalpak Autonomous Oblast 5239:Russian military intervention 5231:Autonomous Republic of Crimea 5026:Turkestan General-Governorate 4979: 4742:from the Russian SFSR to the 4730:The Russian SFSR in 1956–1991 3994: 3212:Great Stand on the Ugra River 2904:Dissolution of Czechoslovakia 1652:President of the Soviet Union 1589:Congress of People's Deputies 684:Congress of People's Deputies 10684:Collapse of the Soviet Union 10674:Fall of communism in Albania 8892:Traditions and superstitions 7655:Pridnestrovian Moldavian SSR 7428:Full 1918 RSFSR Constitution 7069:(in Russian). Archived from 5844:collapse of the Soviet Union 5579:Karachayevo-Cherkessian ASSR 5512:Chechen Republic of Ichkeria 4698:, the founding state of the 4608:population forcibly deported 4520:Eastern Front (World War II) 2899:Fall of communism in Albania 2854:Polish Round Table Agreement 2809:Cuban intervention in Angola 2024: 2003:collapse of the Soviet Union 1881:after the abdication of the 1423:Russian Constituent Assembly 125:Workers of the world, unite! 7: 10659:End of communism in Hungary 10428:Hungarian People's Republic 9964:Academy of Medical Sciences 8558:Water supply and sanitation 6109:Menshevik-Internationalists 5698:or City of Military Glory. 5386:Mordovian Autonomous Oblast 5261:Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) 5052:. The latter contained the 4966: 4467:. With the adoption of the 3508:Provisional Priamurye Govt. 2287:Allied and satellite states 2062:Mongolian People's Republic 2019:1993 Constitution of Russia 1981:Soviet Constitution of 1936 1678:and its replacement by the 1444:), previously known as the 1374:Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR 10: 10828: 10792:Former countries in Europe 10752:Former socialist republics 10423:German Democratic Republic 7209:На гибель Советского Союза 7184:. Kto i kak uprazdnil SSSR 7041:Imperial and Soviet Russia 6984:"8 Leaving Troubled Times" 6878:. McFarland. p. 109. 5802: 5787:is an animal symbol and a 5636: 5625: 5621: 5593: 5233:within Ukraine. After the 4989: 4983: 4810: 4710:including the capital and 4702:(1871–1918) and later the 4579:, later Premier, when the 4569:Karachay Autonomous Oblast 4524:Great Patriotic War (term) 4517: 4479:were transformed into the 4437:Soviet famine of 1932–1933 4383:сударственная комиссия по 4332:against profiteering. The 2158: 1729: 1548:economy, which had become 1394:Between 1917 and 1919 the 1365:As Chairman of the VTsIK ( 1263:Byelorussian SSR (portion) 29: 10634: 10611:Information dissemination 10588: 10538:1956 Hungarian Revolution 10528:1953 East German uprising 10496: 10454: 10397: 10334: 10314: 10242: 10186: 10160: 10080: 10003: 9994: 9939: 9846: 9809: 9749: 9652: 9614: 9534: 9396: 9387: 9337: 9285: 9276: 9128: 9058: 8815: 8579: 8570: 8403: 8394: 8147: 8138: 7946: 7937: 7872: 7714: 7705: 7623: 7600: 7562: 7521: 7478: 7471: 7223:Беловежское предательство 7181:V.Pribylovsky, Gr.Tochkin 7039:Christian, David (1997). 6838:Deutscher, Isaac (1954). 6608:Soviet Russia information 6550:Oxford English Dictionary 6469:. Pegasus Books. p. 6241:Конституции РСФСР 1918 г. 6084:16 September 2018 at the 6016: 5991: 5973: 5856:Soviet form of government 5653:International Women's Day 5639:Public holidays in Russia 5358:Kirghiz Autonomous Oblast 5348:Chuvash Autonomous Oblast 5235:2014 Ukrainian revolution 5173:(all subordinates to the 5084:Republic of Bashkortostan 4872:was elected president by 4445:Central Black Soil Region 4344:On 30 December 1922, the 4315:Russian famine of 1921–22 3950: 3929: 3911:Luhansk People's Republic 3908: 3890:Donetsk People's Republic 3887: 3866: 3849: 3832: 3653: 3642: 3506: 3485: 3474: 3463: 3442: 3331: 3320: 3309: 3298: 3287: 3092:Principality of Chernigov 2824:1984 Los Angeles Olympics 1968:of 1919–1922 in Ireland. 1915: 1889:imperial dynasty of Tsar 1615:pro-reform movement, was 1601:Soviet form of government 1405: 1357:national anthem of Russia 1351: 959: 947: 935: 925: 913: 898: 894: 884: 880: 875: 867: 862: 858: 845: 832: 822: 809: 796: 776: 763: 753: 740: 727: 723: 692: 650: 646: 634: 622: 612:• 1917–1924 (first) 610: 606: 596: 592: 576: 564: 560: 550: 451: 439: 402: 389:Recognised languages 387: 377: 367: 342: 297: 281: 131: 117: 68: 63: 54: 47:Russian Soviet Federative 45: 10802:Modern history of Russia 10787:Former countries in Asia 10596:Emigration and defection 10433:Polish People's Republic 8332:Prime Minister of Russia 7094: 7065: 6922:. Springer. p. 98. 6580:Service, Robert (2005). 5955: 5836:flag of the Soviet Union 5789:national personification 5718:State Anthem of the USSR 5716:until 1944 and then the 5414:Kalmyk Autonomous Oblast 5400:Udmurt Autonomous Oblast 5163:Ingush Autonomous Oblast 4883:of 19–21 August 1991 in 4879:During the unsuccessful 4799:On 12 April 1978, a new 4721: 4621:On 11 October 1944, the 4610:upon the accusations of 4532:The Russian SFSR in 1940 4513: 4469:1936 Soviet Constitution 4431:The Russian SFSR in 1936 4422: 4366:1924 Soviet Constitution 4309:The Russian SFSR in 1929 4301:The Russian SFSR in 1924 4293:The Russian SFSR in 1922 4284: 4190:, the second of the two 4186:, was overthrown in the 4163:and a key figure in the 3517: 3187: 3111: 3029: 3019: 3009: 2645:Czechoslovakia 1976–1990 1720:semi-presidential system 1692:All-Union Supreme Soviet 1523:(Volgograd after 1961), 1519:(Petrograd until 1924), 10654:Fall of the Berlin Wall 10580:1981 protests in Kosovo 10518:Rebellion of Cazin 1950 10255:Soviet Union portal 8770:Social entrepreneurship 8659:Forced public apologies 8594:Anti-American sentiment 6555:Oxford University Press 5765:Saint Basil's Cathedral 5722:Patrioticheskaya Pesnya 5257:Yakut Autonomous Oblast 5209:alongside the criminal 5171:Sunzha Cossack District 4956:. That same night, the 4894:On 8 December 1991, at 4627:Tuvan Autonomous Oblast 4623:Tuvan People's Republic 4550:Soviet winter offensive 4536:Just four months after 4499:was transferred to the 4255:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 4118:Early years (1917–1920) 3769:Eurasian Economic Union 3618:Parade of sovereignties 3082:Principality of Polotsk 2889:End of the Soviet Union 2864:Fall of the Berlin Wall 2424: (until 1948) 2399: (until 1977) 2388: (until 1989) 2322: (until 1961) 2301: (until 1961) 1964:and by the short-lived 1931:Russian Soviet Republic 1698:, had already lost the 1688:Soviet of the Republics 1684:USSR was self-dissolved 1446:Russian Soviet Republic 1393: 1387: 1384: 1378: 1371: 1364: 1361: 1354: 378:Official languages 249:Patrioticheskaya Pesnya 10762:20th century in Russia 10147:Stalinist architecture 9901:Science and technology 9811:Ideological repression 9739:Soviet Airborne Forces 9677:Destruction battalions 8518:Social security system 8501:Science and technology 8167:Classified information 7993:Central Russian Upland 7316:constitution.garant.ru 7228:12 August 2020 at the 6613:26 August 2010 at the 6326:13 August 2011 at the 6291:original VTsIK variant 5709: 5563:Tuva Autonomous Oblast 5553:Mari Autonomous Oblast 5517:Republic of Ingushetia 5462:Northern Ossetian ASSR 5420:and parts adjoined to 5362:Republic of Kyrgyzstan 5338:Republic of Kazakhstan 5293:Karelian Labor Commune 5030:delimitation programme 4906:and Belarusian leader 4866:President of the RSFSR 4862:all-Russian referendum 4857: 4801:Constitution of Russia 4781: 4731: 4690:On 17 April 1946, the 4664: 4644:and within the modern 4614:with the invaders and 4606:was disbanded and its 4533: 4432: 4420: 4310: 4302: 4294: 4273:. By 1918, during the 4244:equal rights for women 4140:and the leader of the 3359:Provisional Government 3300:Grand Duchy of Finland 3178:Principality of Moscow 2578:Protests and uprisings 1452:, and unofficially as 334:republican legislation 34:. For other uses, see 10704:Breakup of Yugoslavia 9929:List of metro systems 9482:Collective leadership 8979:Russian tsars regalia 8312:Intelligence agencies 8035:Great Russian Regions 7779:Expansion (1500-1800) 6982:Lih, Lars T. (1990). 6754:Bergman, Jay (2019). 6465:The Russian Civil War 6302:III Congress revision 6296:7 August 2011 at the 5704: 5436:Kabardino-Balkar ASSR 5273:of the RSFSR and the 5123:oblasts and parts of 5102:Republic of Tatarstan 4908:Stanislav Shushkevich 4860:On 17 March 1991, an 4855: 4779: 4729: 4658: 4531: 4430: 4412: 4308: 4300: 4292: 4182:, which governed the 4000:Not fully controlled. 3834:Republic of Tatarstan 3727:Constitutional crisis 2894:Post-Soviet conflicts 2879:Breakup of Yugoslavia 2782:Albanian–Soviet split 2493:Anti-Soviet partisans 2436:Related organizations 1971:On 30 December 1922, 1716:constitutional crisis 1605:citizenship of Russia 142:Worker's Marseillaise 10552:1970 Polish protests 10533:1956 Poznań protests 10398:Soviet-allied states 9891:Net material product 9834:Censorship of images 9751:Political repression 9711:Soviet Border Troops 9644:First Deputy Premier 9228:1965 economic reform 9223:Soviet space program 9046:World Heritage sites 8423:Droughts and famines 7976:Environmental issues 7724:Proto-Indo-Europeans 7398:from 1 November 1991 7394:16 July 2011 at the 7376:10 June 2017 at the 7369:from 22 August 1991 6687:27 July 2011 at the 5665:Spring and Labor Day 5468:and its constituent 5390:Republic of Mordovia 5283:Republic of Buryatia 5279:Far Eastern Republic 5076:Orenburg Governorate 4864:created the post of 4833:the chairman of the 4661:Battle of Stalingrad 4650:Pytalovsky Districts 4538:Operation Barbarossa 4405:first five-year plan 4207:Constituent Assembly 3773:Annexation of Crimea 3381:Constituent Assembly 3258:Second Patriotic War 2874:Barricades in Latvia 2819:1980 Moscow Olympics 2799:Cuban Missile Crisis 1869:toppled the interim 1760:improve this article 1712:Russian constitution 1670:from the top of the 1597:separation of powers 1511:and the other major 1481:autonomous republics 1468:constituent republic 1046:Priamurye Government 1028:Far Eastern Republic 566:• 1917 (first) 506:directorial republic 477:directorial republic 10742:Communism in Russia 10669:Romanian revolution 10642:Revolutions of 1989 10523:1953 Plzeň uprising 9959:Academy of Sciences 9774:Population transfer 9718:Soviet Armed Forces 9581:Congress of Soviets 9562:Presidium/Politburo 9526:Soviet anti-Zionism 9375:West Siberian Plain 9253:Revolutions of 1989 9190:Great Patriotic War 9175:New Economic Policy 8897:Forms of addressing 8506:Academy of Sciences 8463:Financial districts 8327:President of Russia 8252:Political divisions 8212:Freedom of assembly 8094:West Siberian Plain 7840:Great Patriotic War 7801:February Revolution 7624:Non-union republics 7614:Transcaucasian SFSR 7424:by D. S. Polyanski. 7286:20 May 2009 at the 7171:, 13 December 1991. 7161:Francis X. Clines, 7095:Плюс электрификация 6682:Chronicle of Events 6553:(Online ed.). 6246:2 July 2018 at the 6213:A History of Russia 6121:. R. Wesson, 1978). 5738:Soviet coat of arms 5684:Great Patriotic War 5480:North Caucasus Krai 5476:Chechen-Ingush ASSR 5466:North Caucasus Kray 5456:Kabardino-Balkarian 5444:North Caucasus Kray 5301:Republic of Karelia 5243:disputed referendum 5215:Taurida Subdistrict 5175:North Caucasus Krai 5141:Jetysui Governorate 5034:Soviet Central Asia 4950:UN Security Council 4604:Chechen-Ingush ASSR 4589:Great Patriotic War 4556:. Despite a deadly 4236:universal education 4192:Russian Revolutions 3953:Zaporizhzhia Oblast 3785:Invasion of Ukraine 3574:Great Patriotic War 3546:Cultural revolution 3487:Transcaucasian SFSR 3355:February Revolution 3242:Emancipation reform 3140:Council of Uvetichi 2990: • 2986: • 2859:Revolutions of 1989 2009:was changed to the 1899:Russian Revolutions 1696:Soviet of the Union 1503:formed the largest 1390:President of Russia 1379:As Chairman of the 1227:Uzbek SSR (portion) 666:Congress of Soviets 636:• 1991 (last) 529:July–December 1991: 396:Languages of Russia 10679:Singing Revolution 10562:June 1976 protests 10347:Soviet occupations 9604:Military Collegium 9472:Capital punishment 9350:Caucasus Mountains 9263:Post-Soviet states 9143:Russian Revolution 8947:Russian given name 8533:Telecommunications 8483:Petroleum industry 8347:State of emergency 8192:Far-right politics 8157:Capital punishment 8003:Meshchera Lowlands 7857:Russian Federation 7813:October Revolution 7608:Karelo-Finnish SSR 7365:Resolution of the 7168:The New York Times 7073:on 22 October 2018 6091:The New York Times 6051:Russian Federation 5968:Historical names: 5860:Russian Federation 5714:The Internationale 5710: 5323:Stalingrad Oblasts 5297:Karelo-Finnish SSR 5223:Republic of Crimea 4968:Rossiyskaya Gazeta 4858: 4782: 4751:Karelo-Finnish SSR 4740:transferred Crimea 4732: 4696:Kingdom of Prussia 4692:Kaliningrad Oblast 4671:occupied southern 4665: 4534: 4433: 4311: 4303: 4295: 4188:October Revolution 4180:Alexander Kerensky 4165:October Revolution 3869:Republic of Crimea 3820:Russian Federation 3763:Presidential terms 3655:Karelo-Finnish SSR 3608:Chernobyl disaster 3348:Russian Revolution 3246:Russo-Japanese War 3234:1812 Patriotic War 3148:Battle of Kulikovo 3136:Council of Liubech 2849:Singing Revolution 2623:Novocherkassk 1962 2011:Russian Federation 1989:Great Northern War 1885:government of the 1875:Alexander Kerensky 1867:October Revolution 1694:(the other house, 1664:Russian Federation 1573:communist ideology 1565:October Revolution 1545:Volga-Urals region 1485:autonomous oblasts 1331:Russian Federation 1299:Karelo-Finnish SSR 1132:Karelo-Finnish SSR 731:October Revolution 598:Head of government 161:The Internationale 49:Socialist Republic 10797:Federal republics 10719: 10718: 10664:Velvet Revolution 10626:Telephone tapping 10600:list of defectors 10389:Tito–Stalin split 10274: 10273: 10238: 10237: 10230:Hammer and sickle 10172:and their groups 10170:Soviet dissidents 9949:Communist Academy 9866:Economic planning 9842: 9841: 9735:Soviet Air Forces 9654:Security services 9574:General Secretary 9557:Central Committee 9499:Political parties 9431:Brezhnev Doctrine 9426:Foreign relations 9383: 9382: 9324:Autonomous okrugs 9238:Soviet–Afghan War 9218:Sino-Soviet split 9160:Russian Civil War 9087: 9086: 9054: 9053: 8634:Domestic violence 8566: 8565: 8488:Russian oligarchs 8413:Aircraft industry 8390: 8389: 8367:Mass surveillance 8357:Search and rescue 8322:Political parties 8202:Foreign relations 8134: 8133: 7933: 7932: 7925:Historical cities 7784:Tsardom of Russia 7664: 7663: 7596: 7595: 6929:978-1-349-05591-3 6885:978-0-7864-5647-5 6808:Ikov, Marat Sal. 6794:978-0-465-09497-4 6767:978-0-19-884270-5 6740:978-0-631-19525-2 6668:978-0-393-08192-3 6561:(Subscription or 6503:Note especially: 6197:978-0-521-45770-5 6076:(16 March 1918). 5848:Tsardom of Russia 5750:Banner of Victory 5734:hammer and sickle 5628:Culture of Russia 5525:Khasavyurt Accord 5521:First Chechen War 5307:Volga German ASSR 5247:annexed by Russia 5225:. On 13 May, the 5195:Crimean peninsula 5094:Kazan Governorate 5028:. As part of the 4916:international law 4794:Mikhail Gorbachev 4790:era of stagnation 4571:was dissolved by 4558:five-month battle 4275:Russian Civil War 4212:Central Executive 4159:, founder of the 4136:, founder of the 4115: 4114: 4081:Russia portal 4009: 4008: 3703:Belavezha Accords 3685: 3684: 3596:Era of Stagnation 3562:Industrialization 3528: 3527: 3405:Soviet-Polish War 3341: 3340: 3322:Russian Manchuria 3268:Tsardom of Russia 3254:October Manifesto 3238:Decembrist Revolt 3230:Petrovian reforms 3198: 3197: 3158:Novgorod Republic 3122: 3121: 3038: 3037: 2942: 2941: 2777:Sino-Soviet split 2757:Tito–Stalin split 2752:Czechoslovak coup 2730: 2729: 2670:Ukraine 1989–1991 2608:East Germany 1953 2550:Soviet occupation 2070:Republic of China 1991:of 1700 to 1721. 1985:Tsardom of Russia 1937:(RSFSR), and the 1850:(1879–1940), the 1836: 1835: 1828: 1810: 1656:General Secretary 1637:Belovezha Accords 1632:Mikhail Gorbachev 1613:Democratic Russia 1585:1978 constitution 1489:autonomous okrugs 1430: 1429: 1347: 1346: 1343: 1342: 1163:Estonia (portion) 1137: 1136: 1100:Germany (portion) 1064:Finland (portion) 800:State sovereignty 744:Russian Civil War 624:• 1990–1991 539:semi-presidential 430:Russian Orthodoxy 271: 240: 187: 152: 16:(Redirected from 10819: 10812:Communist states 10807:Former countries 10508:Goryani Movement 10488: 10480: 10446: 10408: 10342:Yalta Conference 10301: 10294: 10287: 10278: 10277: 10264: 10263: 10253: 10252: 10251: 10001: 10000: 9909: 9764:Collectivization 9509:Marxism–Leninism 9394: 9393: 9283: 9282: 9114: 9107: 9100: 9091: 9090: 9067: 9014:Russian language 8957:National symbols 8577: 8576: 8496: 8453:Fishing industry 8443:Economic regions 8438:Defence industry 8401: 8400: 8145: 8144: 8099:Russian Far East 7998:Northwest Russia 7956:Cities and towns 7944: 7943: 7806:Russian Republic 7712: 7711: 7691: 7684: 7677: 7668: 7667: 7522:Former parts of 7498:Byelorussian SSR 7476: 7475: 7457: 7450: 7443: 7434: 7433: 7413: 7399: 7386: 7380: 7363: 7357: 7356: 7354: 7352: 7343:. Archived from 7337:"Наука в Сибири" 7333: 7327: 7326: 7324: 7322: 7309: 7303: 7297: 7291: 7274: 7268: 7262: 7256: 7250: 7244: 7238: 7232: 7217: 7211: 7203: 7197: 7192: 7186: 7178: 7172: 7159: 7153: 7150: 7144: 7141: 7135: 7134: 7125: 7119: 7118:on 11 May 1925). 7112: 7106: 7105: 7089: 7083: 7082: 7080: 7078: 7061: 7055: 7054: 7036: 7030: 7029: 7027: 7025: 7010: 7004: 7003: 7001: 6999: 6979: 6973: 6972: 6970: 6968: 6940: 6934: 6933: 6913: 6907: 6906: 6896: 6890: 6889: 6869: 6863: 6862: 6852: 6846: 6845: 6835: 6829: 6828: 6822: 6820: 6805: 6799: 6798: 6778: 6772: 6771: 6751: 6745: 6744: 6724: 6718: 6717: 6715: 6713: 6698: 6692: 6679: 6673: 6672: 6645: 6639: 6624: 6618: 6605: 6596: 6595: 6577: 6568: 6566: 6558: 6546: 6539: 6533: 6532: 6527: 6525: 6501: 6495: 6494: 6489: 6487: 6468: 6458: 6452: 6447: 6438: 6435: 6429: 6424: 6418: 6413: 6407: 6406: 6404: 6402: 6374: 6368: 6367: 6365: 6363: 6357: 6346: 6337: 6331: 6318: 6305: 6287: 6281: 6280: 6262: 6251: 6238: 6227: 6226: 6208: 6202: 6201: 6181: 6172: 6163: 6157: 6156: 6154: 6152: 6137: 6131: 6128: 6122: 6101: 6095: 6071: 6054: 6045:Later used as a 6043: 6037: 6036: 6035: 6034: 6028: 6023: 6019: 6018: 6012: 6006: 6003: 5998: 5994: 5993: 5985: 5980: 5976: 5975: 5966: 5922: 5910: 5898: 5886: 5874: 5569:Gorno-Altai ASSR 5543:Republic of Komi 5529:Chechen Republic 5418:Astrakhan Oblast 5368:Kara-Kalpak ASSR 5137:Omsk Governorate 5006:1991 August coup 4971: 4912:Belovezh Accords 4868:and on 12 June, 4821:Belovezh Accords 4714:seaport city of 4546:Battle of Moscow 4336:collapsed, with 4317:, also known as 4184:Russian Republic 4153: 4130: 4107: 4100: 4093: 4079: 4078: 4077: 4065: 4003: 4002: 3989: 3988: 3965: 3944: 3923: 3902: 3881: 3861: 3851:Chechen Republic 3844: 3827: 3816: 3815: 3713:USSR dissolution 3629: 3628: 3558:Collectivization 3476:Byelorussian SSR 3433:Russian Republic 3429: 3428: 3264: 3263: 3226:Treaty of Nystad 3154: 3153: 3068: 3067: 2996: 2995: 2994: 2972: 2962: 2944: 2943: 2934: 2927: 2920: 2843: 2790: 2741: 2586:Poland 1944–1989 2570:Operation Jungle 2489: 2488: 2485: 2483: 2437: 2288: 2198: 2196: 2190: 2179: 2178: 2169: 2163: 2162: 2033:, being second. 1998: 1917: 1879:Russian Republic 1857:established the 1846:(1870–1924) and 1831: 1824: 1820: 1817: 1811: 1809: 1768: 1744: 1736: 1674:building of the 1372:As chairman the 1339: 1338: 1325: 1324: 1307: 1306: 1289: 1288: 1271: 1270: 1253: 1252: 1235: 1234: 1217: 1216: 1199: 1198: 1191:Latvia (portion) 1185: 1184: 1171: 1170: 1157: 1156: 1141: 1140: 1124: 1123: 1110: 1109: 1092: 1091: 1074: 1073: 1056: 1055: 1038: 1037: 1020: 1019: 1002: 1001: 992:Russian Republic 984: 983: 977: 976: 961: 960: 854:25 December 1993 841:26 December 1991 828:25 December 1991 818:12 December 1991 813:Belovezh Accords 792:19 February 1954 772:30 December 1922 581: 492: 490:Marxist–Leninist 469: 390: 286: 273: 272: 242: 241: 189: 188: 154: 153: 103: 83: 76: 58: 57: 56: 43: 42: 21: 10827: 10826: 10822: 10821: 10820: 10818: 10817: 10816: 10722: 10721: 10720: 10715: 10630: 10584: 10571:Soviet reaction 10557:Croatian Spring 10501: 10499: 10492: 10486: 10478: 10450: 10444: 10406: 10393: 10379:Berlin Blockade 10330: 10329: 10310: 10305: 10275: 10270: 10249: 10247: 10234: 10182: 10156: 10076: 9990: 9935: 9907: 9881:Internet domain 9876:Five-year plans 9838: 9805: 9745: 9648: 9610: 9542:Communist Party 9530: 9489:Passport system 9379: 9355:European Russia 9333: 9272: 9213:Khrushchev Thaw 9192:(World War II) 9170:Creation treaty 9124: 9118: 9088: 9083: 9070: 9063: 9050: 9009:Public holidays 9004:Political jokes 8989:Personification 8942:Names of Russia 8811: 8730:Life expectancy 8562: 8494: 8386: 8237:Law enforcement 8130: 8116:Protected areas 8013:Smolensk Upland 8008:Oka–Don Lowland 7988:European Russia 7929: 7868: 7754:Mongol invasion 7701: 7695: 7665: 7660: 7619: 7592: 7558: 7523: 7517: 7467: 7461: 7411: 7408: 7403: 7402: 7396:Wayback Machine 7387: 7383: 7378:Wayback Machine 7364: 7360: 7350: 7348: 7347:on 9 March 2014 7335: 7334: 7330: 7320: 7318: 7311: 7310: 7306: 7298: 7294: 7288:Wayback Machine 7275: 7271: 7265:Лукашевич Д. А. 7263: 7259: 7253:Станкевич З. А. 7251: 7247: 7239: 7235: 7230:Wayback Machine 7218: 7214: 7204: 7200: 7193: 7189: 7179: 7175: 7160: 7156: 7151: 7147: 7142: 7138: 7127: 7126: 7122: 7113: 7109: 7096: 7090: 7086: 7076: 7074: 7067: 7063: 7062: 7058: 7051: 7037: 7033: 7023: 7021: 7020:. February 2011 7012: 7011: 7007: 6997: 6995: 6980: 6976: 6966: 6964: 6957: 6941: 6937: 6930: 6914: 6910: 6897: 6893: 6886: 6870: 6866: 6853: 6849: 6836: 6832: 6818: 6816: 6806: 6802: 6795: 6779: 6775: 6768: 6752: 6748: 6741: 6725: 6721: 6711: 6709: 6700: 6699: 6695: 6689:Wayback Machine 6680: 6676: 6669: 6661:. p. 368. 6646: 6642: 6625: 6621: 6615:Wayback Machine 6606: 6599: 6592: 6578: 6571: 6560: 6540: 6536: 6523: 6521: 6519: 6502: 6498: 6485: 6483: 6481: 6459: 6455: 6448: 6441: 6436: 6432: 6425: 6421: 6414: 6410: 6400: 6398: 6391: 6375: 6371: 6361: 6359: 6355: 6344: 6338: 6334: 6328:Wayback Machine 6319: 6308: 6298:Wayback Machine 6288: 6284: 6277: 6263: 6254: 6248:Wayback Machine 6239: 6230: 6223: 6209: 6205: 6198: 6182: 6175: 6164: 6160: 6150: 6148: 6139: 6138: 6134: 6129: 6125: 6102: 6098: 6086:Wayback Machine 6072: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6057: 6044: 6040: 6030: 6029: 6021: 6013: 6009: 5996: 5978: 5967: 5963: 5958: 5936: 5931: 5930: 5929: 5926: 5923: 5914: 5911: 5902: 5899: 5890: 5887: 5878: 5875: 5834:version of the 5807: 5801: 5773:national flower 5757:Matryoshka doll 5706:Matryoshka doll 5688:military parade 5661:Valentine's Day 5645: 5637:Main articles: 5635: 5630: 5624: 5596: 5500:Stavropol Krays 5404:Udmurt Republic 5185:Dagestan Oblast 5018: 4994: 4988: 4982: 4904:Leonid Kravchuk 4900:Brest (Belarus) 4827: 4811:Main articles: 4809: 4786:Leonid Brezhnev 4774: 4736:Georgy Malenkov 4724: 4675:Island and the 4577:Communist Party 4526: 4516: 4461:Western Siberia 4425: 4401:Imperial Russia 4393:electrification 4287: 4172: 4171: 4170: 4169: 4168: 4154: 4146: 4145: 4142:Bolshevik party 4131: 4120: 4111: 4075: 4073: 4068: 4067: 4063: 4056: 4044: 4032: 4019: 4011: 4010: 3991: 3990: 3977: 3963: 3942: 3921: 3900: 3879: 3859: 3842: 3825: 3814: 3809:2022 annexation 3793:Mass emigration 3781:2020 amendments 3764: 3722: 3708: 3695: 3694: 3686: 3627: 3613: 3591: 3538: 3537: 3529: 3427: 3410: 3373:Kornilov affair 3351: 3350: 3342: 3311:Congress Poland 3289:Russian America 3262: 3250:1905 Revolution 3217: 3208: 3207: 3199: 3168:Vladimir-Suzdal 3152: 3144:Mongol conquest 3132: 3131: 3123: 3066: 3061:Russkaya Pravda 3056:Baptism of Rus' 3048: 3047: 3039: 3004:pre-9th century 2982: 2980: 2960: 2953: 2938: 2909: 2908: 2844: 2841: 2834: 2833: 2786: 2762:Berlin Blockade 2742: 2740:Cold War events 2739: 2732: 2731: 2655:Kazakhstan 1986 2486: 2481: 2479: 2472: 2471: 2438: 2435: 2428: 2427: 2289: 2286: 2279: 2278: 2199: 2194: 2188: 2186: 2176: 2167: 2161: 2027: 1996: 1962:Treaty of Tartu 1832: 1821: 1815: 1812: 1769: 1767: 1757: 1745: 1734: 1728: 1603:), established 1599:(unlike in the 1569:sovereign state 1554:Leonid Brezhnev 1464:socialist state 1426: 1412: 1401: 1336: 1322: 1317:China (portion) 1316: 1304: 1298: 1286: 1280: 1268: 1262: 1250: 1244: 1232: 1226: 1214: 1208: 1196: 1182: 1168: 1154: 1148: 1131: 1121: 1114:Japan (portion) 1107: 1099: 1089: 1081: 1071: 1063: 1053: 1045: 1035: 1027: 1017: 1009: 999: 991: 981: 887: 851: 838: 825: 815: 802: 789: 769: 759:25 January 1918 756: 746: 736:7 November 1917 733: 719: 705:Interwar period 688: 682: 673: 660: 637: 625: 613: 583: 579: 567: 546: 531: 513: 485: 484: 462: 461: 435: 388: 363: 359: 352: 338: 331: 317: 309:Sovereign state 307: 293: 277: 274: 255: 252: 243: 202: 199: 190: 167: 164: 155: 148: 145: 122: 113: 112: 111: 108: 104: 96: 95: 92: 90: 88: 84: 77: 59: 52: 50: 48: 39: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 10825: 10815: 10814: 10809: 10804: 10799: 10794: 10789: 10784: 10779: 10774: 10769: 10764: 10759: 10754: 10749: 10744: 10739: 10734: 10717: 10716: 10714: 10713: 10712: 10711: 10701: 10696: 10691: 10686: 10681: 10676: 10671: 10666: 10661: 10656: 10651: 10644: 10638: 10636: 10632: 10631: 10629: 10628: 10623: 10618: 10613: 10608: 10603: 10592: 10590: 10586: 10585: 10583: 10582: 10577: 10564: 10559: 10554: 10549: 10540: 10535: 10530: 10525: 10520: 10515: 10510: 10504: 10502: 10497: 10494: 10493: 10491: 10490: 10482: 10474: 10469: 10464: 10458: 10456: 10452: 10451: 10449: 10448: 10440: 10435: 10430: 10425: 10420: 10415: 10410: 10401: 10399: 10395: 10394: 10392: 10391: 10386: 10381: 10376: 10371: 10370: 10369: 10364: 10359: 10354: 10344: 10338: 10336: 10332: 10331: 10328: 10327: 10322: 10316: 10315: 10312: 10311: 10304: 10303: 10296: 10289: 10281: 10272: 10271: 10269: 10268: 10258: 10243: 10240: 10239: 10236: 10235: 10233: 10232: 10227: 10226: 10225: 10215: 10214: 10213: 10203: 10202: 10201: 10190: 10188: 10184: 10183: 10181: 10180: 10179: 10178: 10166: 10164: 10158: 10157: 10155: 10154: 10149: 10144: 10139: 10134: 10129: 10124: 10119: 10118: 10117: 10107: 10102: 10097: 10092: 10086: 10084: 10078: 10077: 10075: 10074: 10069: 10064: 10063: 10062: 10057: 10047: 10042: 10037: 10036: 10035: 10030: 10025: 10015: 10010: 10004: 9998: 9992: 9991: 9989: 9988: 9987: 9986: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9945: 9943: 9937: 9936: 9934: 9933: 9932: 9931: 9926: 9924:Rail transport 9921: 9919:Railway system 9911: 9903: 9898: 9893: 9888: 9883: 9878: 9873: 9868: 9863: 9858: 9852: 9850: 9844: 9843: 9840: 9839: 9837: 9836: 9831: 9826: 9821: 9815: 9813: 9807: 9806: 9804: 9803: 9798: 9793: 9792: 9791: 9781: 9776: 9771: 9766: 9761: 9755: 9753: 9747: 9746: 9744: 9743: 9742: 9741: 9715: 9714: 9713: 9708: 9698: 9693: 9692: 9691: 9681: 9680: 9679: 9669: 9664: 9658: 9656: 9650: 9649: 9647: 9646: 9641: 9639:Deputy Premier 9636: 9631: 9630: 9629: 9622:Heads of state 9618: 9616: 9612: 9611: 9609: 9608: 9607: 9606: 9596: 9590: 9587:Supreme Soviet 9584: 9578: 9577: 9576: 9571: 9570: 9569: 9564: 9554: 9549: 9538: 9536: 9532: 9531: 9529: 9528: 9523: 9522: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9504:State ideology 9501: 9496: 9491: 9486: 9485: 9484: 9474: 9469: 9464: 9463: 9462: 9452: 9451: 9450: 9440: 9435: 9434: 9433: 9423: 9418: 9417: 9416: 9411: 9400: 9398: 9391: 9385: 9384: 9381: 9380: 9378: 9377: 9372: 9370:Ural Mountains 9367: 9362: 9360:North Caucasus 9357: 9352: 9347: 9341: 9339: 9335: 9334: 9332: 9331: 9326: 9321: 9320: 9319: 9309: 9304: 9303: 9302: 9291: 9289: 9280: 9274: 9273: 9271: 9270: 9265: 9260: 9255: 9250: 9245: 9240: 9235: 9230: 9225: 9220: 9215: 9210: 9205: 9204: 9203: 9198: 9187: 9182: 9177: 9172: 9167: 9162: 9157: 9156: 9155: 9150: 9140: 9134: 9132: 9126: 9125: 9117: 9116: 9109: 9102: 9094: 9085: 9084: 9082: 9081: 9076: 9069: 9068: 9060: 9059: 9056: 9055: 9052: 9051: 9049: 9048: 9043: 9042: 9041: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9016: 9011: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8975: 8974: 8969: 8964: 8954: 8949: 8944: 8939: 8934: 8929: 8924: 8919: 8914: 8909: 8904: 8899: 8894: 8889: 8884: 8879: 8874: 8869: 8864: 8863: 8862: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8827: 8821: 8819: 8813: 8812: 8810: 8809: 8808: 8807: 8797: 8792: 8787: 8782: 8777: 8772: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8742: 8737: 8732: 8727: 8722: 8721: 8720: 8715: 8705: 8704: 8703: 8693: 8692: 8691: 8686: 8681: 8671: 8666: 8661: 8656: 8651: 8646: 8641: 8636: 8631: 8626: 8621: 8616: 8611: 8606: 8601: 8596: 8591: 8586: 8580: 8574: 8568: 8567: 8564: 8563: 8561: 8560: 8555: 8550: 8545: 8540: 8535: 8530: 8525: 8523:Space industry 8520: 8515: 8510: 8509: 8508: 8498: 8490: 8485: 8480: 8475: 8470: 8465: 8460: 8455: 8450: 8445: 8440: 8435: 8430: 8425: 8420: 8415: 8410: 8404: 8398: 8392: 8391: 8388: 8387: 8385: 8384: 8379: 8374: 8369: 8364: 8362:Urban planning 8359: 8354: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8314: 8309: 8304: 8299: 8294: 8289: 8284: 8279: 8274: 8269: 8264: 8259: 8254: 8249: 8244: 8234: 8229: 8224: 8214: 8209: 8199: 8197:Federal budget 8194: 8189: 8184: 8179: 8174: 8169: 8164: 8159: 8154: 8148: 8142: 8136: 8135: 8132: 8131: 8129: 8128: 8123: 8118: 8113: 8108: 8106:North Caucasus 8103: 8102: 8101: 8096: 8091: 8081: 8080: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8059: 8058: 8057: 8047: 8042: 8040:Highest points 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8016: 8015: 8010: 8005: 8000: 7995: 7985: 7983:Extreme points 7980: 7979: 7978: 7968: 7963: 7958: 7953: 7947: 7941: 7935: 7934: 7931: 7930: 7928: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7907: 7902: 7897: 7892: 7887: 7882: 7876: 7874: 7870: 7869: 7867: 7866: 7865: 7864: 7854: 7853: 7852: 7847: 7842: 7832: 7831: 7830: 7825: 7815: 7810: 7809: 7808: 7798: 7796:Russian Empire 7793: 7792: 7791: 7781: 7776: 7775: 7774: 7769: 7764: 7756: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7720: 7718: 7709: 7703: 7702: 7700: articles 7694: 7693: 7686: 7679: 7671: 7662: 7661: 7659: 7658: 7652: 7646: 7640: 7634: 7627: 7625: 7621: 7620: 7618: 7617: 7611: 7604: 7602: 7598: 7597: 7594: 7593: 7591: 7590: 7585: 7583:Lithuanian SSR 7580: 7575: 7569: 7567: 7560: 7559: 7557: 7556: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7536: 7530: 7528: 7519: 7518: 7516: 7515: 7510: 7505: 7500: 7495: 7493:Azerbaijan SSR 7490: 7484: 7482: 7473: 7469: 7468: 7460: 7459: 7452: 7445: 7437: 7431: 7430: 7425: 7417: 7407: 7406:External links 7404: 7401: 7400: 7381: 7358: 7328: 7304: 7292: 7269: 7257: 7245: 7233: 7212: 7198: 7187: 7173: 7154: 7145: 7136: 7120: 7107: 7084: 7056: 7049: 7031: 7005: 6974: 6955: 6935: 6928: 6908: 6891: 6884: 6864: 6847: 6830: 6800: 6793: 6773: 6766: 6746: 6739: 6719: 6693: 6674: 6667: 6649:White, Matthew 6640: 6619: 6597: 6590: 6569: 6534: 6517: 6496: 6479: 6453: 6439: 6430: 6419: 6408: 6389: 6369: 6332: 6306: 6282: 6275: 6252: 6228: 6221: 6203: 6196: 6173: 6158: 6132: 6123: 6118:Lenin's Legacy 6096: 6074:Arthur Ransome 6065: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6056: 6055: 6038: 6007: 6005: 6004: 5987: 5960: 5959: 5957: 5954: 5953: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5935: 5934:Bibliographies 5932: 5928: 5927: 5924: 5917: 5915: 5912: 5905: 5903: 5900: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5869: 5866: 5865: 5864: 5852:Russian Empire 5824:vexillological 5803:Main article: 5800: 5797: 5761:Moscow Kremlin 5675:(7 November). 5634: 5631: 5623: 5620: 5595: 5592: 5591: 5590: 5587:Stavropol Krai 5576: 5566: 5556: 5546: 5532: 5496:Stavropol Kray 5473: 5459: 5433: 5430:Stavropol Krai 5426:Krasnodar Krai 5407: 5393: 5382:Mordovian ASSR 5379: 5365: 5351: 5341: 5326: 5304: 5286: 5264: 5250: 5227:Verkhovna Rada 5188: 5178: 5152: 5106: 5087: 5069: 5022:Turkestan ASSR 5017: 5014: 4984:Main article: 4981: 4978: 4808: 4805: 4773: 4770: 4723: 4720: 4652:in 1944–1945. 4629:, becoming an 4515: 4512: 4495:). The former 4449:North Caucasus 4424: 4421: 4286: 4283: 4279:several states 4259:Russian Empire 4155: 4148: 4147: 4134:Vladimir Lenin 4132: 4125: 4124: 4123: 4122: 4121: 4119: 4116: 4113: 4112: 4110: 4109: 4102: 4095: 4087: 4084: 4083: 4070: 4069: 4020: 4017: 4016: 4013: 4012: 4007: 4006: 4004: 3968: 3967: 3956: 3947: 3946: 3935: 3932:Kherson Oblast 3926: 3925: 3914: 3905: 3904: 3893: 3884: 3883: 3872: 3863: 3862: 3853: 3846: 3845: 3836: 3829: 3828: 3822: 3813: 3812: 3689: 3688: 3687: 3683: 3682: 3679: 3673: 3672: 3670: 3661: 3660: 3657: 3650: 3649: 3646: 3639: 3638: 3635: 3626: 3625: 3532: 3531: 3530: 3526: 3525: 3523: 3514: 3513: 3510: 3503: 3502: 3499: 3493: 3492: 3489: 3482: 3481: 3478: 3471: 3470: 3467: 3460: 3459: 3456: 3450: 3449: 3446: 3439: 3438: 3435: 3426: 3425: 3389:Bolshevik Coup 3345: 3344: 3343: 3339: 3338: 3335: 3333:Uryankhay Krai 3328: 3327: 3324: 3317: 3316: 3313: 3306: 3305: 3302: 3295: 3294: 3291: 3284: 3283: 3280: 3278:Russian Empire 3274: 3273: 3270: 3261: 3260: 3205:Tsarist Russia 3202: 3201: 3200: 3196: 3195: 3193: 3184: 3183: 3180: 3174: 3173: 3170: 3164: 3163: 3160: 3151: 3150: 3126: 3125: 3124: 3120: 3119: 3117: 3108: 3107: 3104: 3098: 3097: 3094: 3088: 3087: 3084: 3078: 3077: 3074: 3065: 3064: 3042: 3041: 3040: 3036: 3035: 3033: 3026: 3025: 3023: 3016: 3015: 3013: 3011:Rus' Khaganate 3006: 3005: 3002: 2981: 2978: 2977: 2974: 2973: 2965: 2964: 2955: 2954: 2947: 2940: 2939: 2937: 2936: 2929: 2922: 2914: 2911: 2910: 2907: 2906: 2901: 2896: 2891: 2886: 2881: 2876: 2871: 2869:January Events 2866: 2861: 2856: 2851: 2845: 2840: 2839: 2836: 2835: 2832: 2831: 2826: 2821: 2816: 2811: 2806: 2801: 2796: 2791: 2784: 2779: 2774: 2769: 2764: 2759: 2754: 2749: 2743: 2738: 2737: 2734: 2733: 2728: 2727: 2726: 2725: 2720: 2715: 2710: 2705: 2697: 2696: 2690: 2689: 2688: 2687: 2682: 2680:Lithuania 1991 2677: 2672: 2667: 2662: 2657: 2652: 2647: 2642: 2641: 2640: 2635: 2625: 2620: 2615: 2610: 2605: 2600: 2599: 2598: 2593: 2580: 2579: 2575: 2574: 2573: 2572: 2567: 2562: 2557: 2552: 2544: 2543: 2537: 2536: 2535: 2534: 2529: 2524: 2519: 2514: 2509: 2504: 2496: 2495: 2487: 2478: 2477: 2474: 2473: 2470: 2469: 2464: 2459: 2454: 2447: 2439: 2434: 2433: 2430: 2429: 2426: 2425: 2419: 2405: 2400: 2394: 2389: 2383: 2378: 2373: 2368: 2363: 2358: 2353: 2348: 2343: 2338: 2336:Czechoslovakia 2333: 2328: 2323: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2296: 2290: 2285: 2284: 2281: 2280: 2277: 2276: 2271: 2266: 2261: 2256: 2251: 2246: 2241: 2236: 2231: 2226: 2221: 2216: 2211: 2206: 2200: 2185: 2184: 2181: 2180: 2172: 2171: 2160: 2157: 2122:Azerbaijan SSR 2114:Lithuanian SSR 2086:Belarusian SSR 2026: 2023: 1966:Irish Republic 1883:Russian Empire 1844:Vladimir Lenin 1834: 1833: 1748: 1746: 1739: 1732:Name of Russia 1727: 1724: 1676:Moscow Kremlin 1595:, established 1476:sovereign part 1428: 1427: 1406: 1403: 1402: 1400: 1399: 1396:Imperial ruble 1392: 1386: 1383: 1377: 1370: 1363: 1360: 1352: 1349: 1348: 1345: 1344: 1341: 1340: 1333: 1327: 1326: 1319: 1309: 1308: 1301: 1291: 1290: 1283: 1273: 1272: 1265: 1255: 1254: 1247: 1237: 1236: 1229: 1219: 1218: 1211: 1201: 1200: 1193: 1187: 1186: 1179: 1173: 1172: 1165: 1159: 1158: 1151: 1138: 1135: 1134: 1125: 1117: 1116: 1111: 1103: 1102: 1093: 1085: 1084: 1075: 1067: 1066: 1057: 1049: 1048: 1039: 1031: 1030: 1021: 1013: 1012: 1003: 995: 994: 985: 973: 972: 967: 957: 956: 951: 945: 944: 939: 933: 932: 927: 923: 922: 915: 911: 910: 900: 896: 895: 892: 891: 888: 885: 882: 881: 878: 877: 873: 872: 869: 865: 864: 860: 859: 856: 855: 852: 846: 843: 842: 839: 833: 830: 829: 826: 823: 820: 819: 816: 810: 807: 806: 803: 797: 794: 793: 790: 777: 774: 773: 770: 764: 761: 760: 757: 754: 751: 750: 747: 741: 738: 737: 734: 728: 725: 724: 721: 720: 718: 717: 712: 707: 702: 696: 694: 693:Historical era 690: 689: 687: 686: 677: 675:Supreme Soviet 668: 654: 652: 648: 647: 644: 643: 638: 635: 632: 631: 626: 623: 620: 619: 617:Vladimir Lenin 614: 611: 608: 607: 604: 603: 600: 594: 593: 590: 589: 584: 577: 574: 573: 568: 565: 562: 561: 558: 557: 554: 548: 547: 545: 544: 526: 508: 479: 455: 453: 449: 448: 443: 437: 436: 434: 433: 427: 417: 406: 404: 400: 399: 391: 385: 384: 379: 375: 374: 369: 365: 364: 362: 361: 354: 346: 344: 340: 339: 337: 336: 325: 319:Union Republic 311: 301: 299: 295: 294: 287: 279: 278: 276: 275: 246: 244: 193: 191: 158: 156: 139: 136: 129: 128: 115: 114: 105: 98: 97: 85: 78: 71: 70: 69: 66: 65: 61: 60: 51: 46: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10824: 10813: 10810: 10808: 10805: 10803: 10800: 10798: 10795: 10793: 10790: 10788: 10785: 10783: 10780: 10778: 10775: 10773: 10770: 10768: 10765: 10763: 10760: 10758: 10755: 10753: 10750: 10748: 10745: 10743: 10740: 10738: 10735: 10733: 10730: 10729: 10727: 10710: 10709:Yugoslav Wars 10707: 10706: 10705: 10702: 10700: 10697: 10695: 10692: 10690: 10687: 10685: 10682: 10680: 10677: 10675: 10672: 10670: 10667: 10665: 10662: 10660: 10657: 10655: 10652: 10650: 10649: 10645: 10643: 10640: 10639: 10637: 10633: 10627: 10624: 10622: 10619: 10617: 10614: 10612: 10609: 10607: 10604: 10601: 10597: 10594: 10593: 10591: 10587: 10581: 10578: 10576: 10572: 10568: 10565: 10563: 10560: 10558: 10555: 10553: 10550: 10548: 10544: 10543:Prague Spring 10541: 10539: 10536: 10534: 10531: 10529: 10526: 10524: 10521: 10519: 10516: 10514: 10511: 10509: 10506: 10505: 10503: 10495: 10489: 10483: 10481: 10475: 10473: 10470: 10468: 10465: 10463: 10460: 10459: 10457: 10455:Organizations 10453: 10447: 10441: 10439: 10436: 10434: 10431: 10429: 10426: 10424: 10421: 10419: 10416: 10414: 10411: 10409: 10403: 10402: 10400: 10396: 10390: 10387: 10385: 10382: 10380: 10377: 10375: 10372: 10368: 10365: 10363: 10360: 10358: 10357:Baltic states 10355: 10353: 10350: 10349: 10348: 10345: 10343: 10340: 10339: 10337: 10333: 10326: 10323: 10321: 10318: 10317: 10313: 10309: 10302: 10297: 10295: 10290: 10288: 10283: 10282: 10279: 10267: 10259: 10257: 10256: 10245: 10244: 10241: 10231: 10228: 10224: 10221: 10220: 10219: 10216: 10212: 10209: 10208: 10207: 10204: 10200: 10197: 10196: 10195: 10192: 10191: 10189: 10185: 10177: 10174: 10173: 10171: 10168: 10167: 10165: 10163: 10159: 10153: 10150: 10148: 10145: 10143: 10140: 10138: 10135: 10133: 10130: 10128: 10127:Printed media 10125: 10123: 10120: 10116: 10113: 10112: 10111: 10108: 10106: 10103: 10101: 10098: 10096: 10093: 10091: 10088: 10087: 10085: 10083: 10079: 10073: 10070: 10068: 10065: 10061: 10060:Cyrillisation 10058: 10056: 10053: 10052: 10051: 10048: 10046: 10043: 10041: 10038: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10028:Working class 10026: 10024: 10023:Soviet people 10021: 10020: 10019: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10009: 10006: 10005: 10002: 9999: 9997: 9993: 9985: 9982: 9981: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9946: 9944: 9942: 9938: 9930: 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9917: 9916: 9915: 9912: 9910: 9904: 9902: 9899: 9897: 9894: 9892: 9889: 9887: 9884: 9882: 9879: 9877: 9874: 9872: 9871:Energy policy 9869: 9867: 9864: 9862: 9859: 9857: 9854: 9853: 9851: 9849: 9845: 9835: 9832: 9830: 9827: 9825: 9822: 9820: 9817: 9816: 9814: 9812: 9808: 9802: 9799: 9797: 9794: 9790: 9787: 9786: 9785: 9782: 9780: 9777: 9775: 9772: 9770: 9767: 9765: 9762: 9760: 9757: 9756: 9754: 9752: 9748: 9740: 9736: 9732: 9728: 9724: 9721: 9720: 9719: 9716: 9712: 9709: 9707: 9704: 9703: 9702: 9699: 9697: 9694: 9690: 9687: 9686: 9685: 9682: 9678: 9675: 9674: 9673: 9670: 9668: 9665: 9663: 9660: 9659: 9657: 9655: 9651: 9645: 9642: 9640: 9637: 9635: 9632: 9628: 9625: 9624: 9623: 9620: 9619: 9617: 9613: 9605: 9602: 9601: 9600: 9599:Supreme Court 9597: 9594: 9591: 9588: 9585: 9582: 9579: 9575: 9572: 9568: 9565: 9563: 9560: 9559: 9558: 9555: 9553: 9550: 9548: 9545: 9544: 9543: 9540: 9539: 9537: 9533: 9527: 9524: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9506: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9492: 9490: 9487: 9483: 9480: 9479: 9478: 9475: 9473: 9470: 9468: 9465: 9461: 9458: 9457: 9456: 9453: 9449: 9446: 9445: 9444: 9441: 9439: 9436: 9432: 9429: 9428: 9427: 9424: 9422: 9419: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9406: 9405: 9402: 9401: 9399: 9395: 9392: 9390: 9386: 9376: 9373: 9371: 9368: 9366: 9363: 9361: 9358: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9348: 9346: 9343: 9342: 9340: 9336: 9330: 9327: 9325: 9322: 9318: 9315: 9314: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9301: 9298: 9297: 9296: 9293: 9292: 9290: 9288: 9284: 9281: 9279: 9275: 9269: 9266: 9264: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9249: 9246: 9244: 9241: 9239: 9236: 9234: 9231: 9229: 9226: 9224: 9221: 9219: 9216: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9202: 9201:The Holocaust 9199: 9197: 9194: 9193: 9191: 9188: 9186: 9183: 9181: 9178: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9154: 9151: 9149: 9146: 9145: 9144: 9141: 9139: 9136: 9135: 9133: 9131: 9127: 9122: 9115: 9110: 9108: 9103: 9101: 9096: 9095: 9092: 9080: 9077: 9075: 9072: 9071: 9066: 9062: 9061: 9057: 9047: 9044: 9040: 9037: 9036: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9029:Seven Wonders 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8994:Playing cards 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8973: 8970: 8968: 8965: 8963: 8960: 8959: 8958: 8955: 8953: 8950: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8940: 8938: 8935: 8933: 8930: 8928: 8925: 8923: 8920: 8918: 8915: 8913: 8910: 8908: 8905: 8903: 8900: 8898: 8895: 8893: 8890: 8888: 8885: 8883: 8880: 8878: 8875: 8873: 8870: 8868: 8865: 8861: 8858: 8857: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8822: 8820: 8818: 8814: 8806: 8803: 8802: 8801: 8798: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8786: 8783: 8781: 8778: 8776: 8773: 8771: 8768: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8741: 8738: 8736: 8733: 8731: 8728: 8726: 8723: 8719: 8716: 8714: 8711: 8710: 8709: 8706: 8702: 8699: 8698: 8697: 8694: 8690: 8689:Mental health 8687: 8685: 8682: 8680: 8677: 8676: 8675: 8672: 8670: 8667: 8665: 8662: 8660: 8657: 8655: 8652: 8650: 8649:Ethnic groups 8647: 8645: 8642: 8640: 8637: 8635: 8632: 8630: 8627: 8625: 8622: 8620: 8617: 8615: 8612: 8610: 8607: 8605: 8602: 8600: 8597: 8595: 8592: 8590: 8587: 8585: 8582: 8581: 8578: 8575: 8573: 8569: 8559: 8556: 8554: 8551: 8549: 8546: 8544: 8541: 8539: 8536: 8534: 8531: 8529: 8526: 8524: 8521: 8519: 8516: 8514: 8511: 8507: 8504: 8503: 8502: 8499: 8497: 8491: 8489: 8486: 8484: 8481: 8479: 8476: 8474: 8471: 8469: 8466: 8464: 8461: 8459: 8456: 8454: 8451: 8449: 8446: 8444: 8441: 8439: 8436: 8434: 8431: 8429: 8426: 8424: 8421: 8419: 8416: 8414: 8411: 8409: 8406: 8405: 8402: 8399: 8397: 8393: 8383: 8380: 8378: 8375: 8373: 8370: 8368: 8365: 8363: 8360: 8358: 8355: 8353: 8352:Civil defense 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8318: 8315: 8313: 8310: 8308: 8305: 8303: 8300: 8298: 8297:Media freedom 8295: 8293: 8290: 8288: 8285: 8283: 8280: 8278: 8275: 8273: 8270: 8268: 8265: 8263: 8260: 8258: 8255: 8253: 8250: 8248: 8245: 8242: 8238: 8235: 8233: 8230: 8228: 8225: 8222: 8218: 8215: 8213: 8210: 8207: 8203: 8200: 8198: 8195: 8193: 8190: 8188: 8185: 8183: 8182:Criminal code 8180: 8178: 8175: 8173: 8170: 8168: 8165: 8163: 8162:Civil Service 8160: 8158: 8155: 8153: 8150: 8149: 8146: 8143: 8141: 8137: 8127: 8124: 8122: 8119: 8117: 8114: 8112: 8109: 8107: 8104: 8100: 8097: 8095: 8092: 8090: 8087: 8086: 8085: 8082: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8064: 8063: 8060: 8056: 8053: 8052: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8014: 8011: 8009: 8006: 8004: 8001: 7999: 7996: 7994: 7991: 7990: 7989: 7986: 7984: 7981: 7977: 7974: 7973: 7972: 7969: 7967: 7964: 7962: 7959: 7957: 7954: 7952: 7949: 7948: 7945: 7942: 7940: 7936: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7911: 7908: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7896: 7893: 7891: 7888: 7886: 7883: 7881: 7878: 7877: 7875: 7871: 7863: 7860: 7859: 7858: 7855: 7851: 7848: 7846: 7843: 7841: 7838: 7837: 7836: 7833: 7829: 7826: 7824: 7823:Russian state 7821: 7820: 7819: 7816: 7814: 7811: 7807: 7804: 7803: 7802: 7799: 7797: 7794: 7790: 7787: 7786: 7785: 7782: 7780: 7777: 7773: 7770: 7768: 7765: 7763: 7760: 7759: 7757: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7730: 7727: 7725: 7722: 7721: 7719: 7717: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7704: 7699: 7692: 7687: 7685: 7680: 7678: 7673: 7672: 7669: 7656: 7653: 7650: 7647: 7644: 7641: 7638: 7635: 7632: 7629: 7628: 7626: 7622: 7615: 7612: 7609: 7606: 7605: 7603: 7599: 7589: 7588:Moldavian SSR 7586: 7584: 7581: 7579: 7576: 7574: 7571: 7570: 7568: 7566: 7561: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7540: 7537: 7535: 7532: 7531: 7529: 7527: 7520: 7514: 7513:Ukrainian SSR 7511: 7509: 7506: 7504: 7501: 7499: 7496: 7494: 7491: 7489: 7486: 7485: 7483: 7481: 7477: 7474: 7470: 7465: 7458: 7453: 7451: 7446: 7444: 7439: 7438: 7435: 7429: 7426: 7423: 7422: 7418: 7416: 7410: 7409: 7397: 7393: 7390: 7385: 7379: 7375: 7372: 7368: 7362: 7346: 7342: 7338: 7332: 7317: 7314: 7308: 7301: 7296: 7289: 7285: 7282: 7278: 7273: 7266: 7261: 7254: 7249: 7242: 7237: 7231: 7227: 7224: 7221: 7220:Воронин Ю. М. 7216: 7210: 7207: 7206:Бабурин С. Н. 7202: 7196: 7191: 7185: 7182: 7177: 7170: 7169: 7164: 7158: 7149: 7140: 7132: 7131: 7124: 7117: 7111: 7104:(in Russian). 7103: 7102: 7097: 7088: 7072: 7068: 7060: 7052: 7050:0-333-66294-6 7046: 7042: 7035: 7019: 7015: 7009: 6993: 6989: 6985: 6978: 6962: 6958: 6956:9780674076082 6952: 6948: 6947: 6939: 6931: 6925: 6921: 6920: 6912: 6904: 6903: 6895: 6887: 6881: 6877: 6876: 6868: 6860: 6859: 6851: 6843: 6842: 6834: 6827: 6815: 6811: 6804: 6796: 6790: 6786: 6785: 6777: 6769: 6763: 6759: 6758: 6750: 6742: 6736: 6732: 6731: 6723: 6707: 6703: 6697: 6690: 6686: 6683: 6678: 6670: 6664: 6660: 6656: 6655: 6650: 6644: 6637: 6633: 6629: 6623: 6616: 6612: 6609: 6604: 6602: 6593: 6591:9780674018013 6587: 6583: 6576: 6574: 6564: 6556: 6552: 6551: 6545: 6538: 6531: 6520: 6514: 6510: 6509: 6500: 6493: 6482: 6480:9781933648156 6476: 6472: 6467: 6466: 6457: 6451: 6446: 6444: 6434: 6428: 6423: 6417: 6412: 6396: 6392: 6386: 6382: 6381: 6373: 6354: 6350: 6349:Pubs.USGS.gov 6343: 6336: 6329: 6325: 6322: 6317: 6315: 6313: 6311: 6304:), article I. 6303: 6299: 6295: 6292: 6286: 6278: 6276:9781443855211 6272: 6268: 6261: 6259: 6257: 6249: 6245: 6242: 6237: 6235: 6233: 6224: 6222:0-19-512179-1 6218: 6214: 6207: 6199: 6193: 6189: 6188: 6180: 6178: 6171: 6167: 6162: 6146: 6143:. Garant.ru. 6142: 6136: 6127: 6120: 6119: 6114: 6110: 6106: 6100: 6093: 6092: 6087: 6083: 6079: 6075: 6070: 6066: 6052: 6048: 6047:national flag 6042: 6033: 6027: 6014:Russian: 6011: 6002: 5988: 5984: 5970: 5969: 5965: 5961: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5937: 5921: 5916: 5909: 5904: 5897: 5892: 5885: 5880: 5873: 5868: 5867: 5863: 5861: 5857: 5853: 5849: 5845: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5829: 5825: 5821: 5817: 5813: 5806: 5796: 5794: 5793:Mother Russia 5790: 5786: 5782: 5781:national tree 5778: 5774: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5758: 5753: 5751: 5747: 5743: 5739: 5736:and the full 5735: 5731: 5727: 5723: 5719: 5715: 5707: 5703: 5699: 5697: 5693: 5689: 5685: 5681: 5676: 5674: 5670: 5666: 5662: 5658: 5654: 5650: 5644: 5640: 5629: 5619: 5615: 5611: 5609: 5604: 5601: 5600:war communism 5588: 5584: 5580: 5577: 5574: 5570: 5567: 5564: 5560: 5557: 5554: 5550: 5547: 5544: 5540: 5536: 5533: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5513: 5509: 5505: 5504:Grozny Oblast 5501: 5497: 5493: 5489: 5485: 5481: 5477: 5474: 5471: 5467: 5463: 5460: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5445: 5441: 5437: 5434: 5431: 5427: 5423: 5422:Rostov Oblast 5419: 5415: 5411: 5408: 5405: 5401: 5397: 5394: 5391: 5387: 5383: 5380: 5377: 5373: 5369: 5366: 5363: 5359: 5355: 5352: 5349: 5345: 5342: 5339: 5334: 5330: 5327: 5324: 5320: 5316: 5315:Volga Germans 5312: 5308: 5305: 5302: 5298: 5294: 5290: 5289:Karelian ASSR 5287: 5284: 5280: 5276: 5272: 5268: 5265: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5251: 5248: 5245:, Crimea was 5244: 5240: 5236: 5232: 5228: 5224: 5220: 5216: 5212: 5208: 5204: 5203:Baron Wrangel 5201:'s defeat of 5200: 5196: 5192: 5189: 5186: 5182: 5181:Dagestan ASSR 5179: 5176: 5172: 5168: 5164: 5160: 5156: 5155:Mountain ASSR 5153: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5133:Kazakh people 5130: 5126: 5122: 5121:Semipalatinsk 5118: 5114: 5110: 5107: 5103: 5099: 5096:populated by 5095: 5091: 5088: 5085: 5081: 5078:populated by 5077: 5073: 5070: 5067: 5063: 5059: 5055: 5051: 5047: 5043: 5039: 5035: 5031: 5027: 5023: 5020: 5019: 5013: 5011: 5007: 5003: 4999: 4993: 4987: 4977: 4973: 4970: 4969: 4963: 4959: 4955: 4951: 4947: 4942: 4940: 4935: 4931: 4926: 4922: 4917: 4913: 4909: 4905: 4901: 4897: 4892: 4890: 4886: 4882: 4877: 4875: 4871: 4870:Boris Yeltsin 4867: 4863: 4854: 4850: 4848: 4844: 4840: 4836: 4832: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4814: 4804: 4803:was adopted. 4802: 4797: 4795: 4791: 4787: 4778: 4769: 4767: 4763: 4758: 4756: 4755:Karelian ASSR 4752: 4747: 4745: 4744:Ukrainian SSR 4741: 4737: 4728: 4719: 4717: 4713: 4709: 4705: 4701: 4700:German Empire 4697: 4693: 4688: 4686: 4682: 4678: 4677:Kuril Islands 4674: 4670: 4662: 4657: 4653: 4651: 4647: 4643: 4639: 4634: 4632: 4628: 4624: 4619: 4617: 4613: 4612:collaboration 4609: 4605: 4600: 4598: 4594: 4590: 4586: 4582: 4578: 4574: 4573:Joseph Stalin 4570: 4565: 4563: 4559: 4555: 4551: 4547: 4543: 4539: 4530: 4525: 4521: 4511: 4508: 4506: 4502: 4498: 4494: 4490: 4486: 4482: 4478: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4450: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4429: 4419: 4417: 4411: 4408: 4406: 4402: 4398: 4394: 4390: 4387:ектрификации 4386: 4382: 4378: 4373: 4371: 4367: 4363: 4359: 4355: 4351: 4348:approved the 4347: 4342: 4339: 4335: 4331: 4327: 4322: 4320: 4316: 4307: 4299: 4291: 4282: 4280: 4276: 4272: 4268: 4267:Eastern Front 4264: 4263:German Empire 4260: 4256: 4252: 4247: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4225: 4222:), property ( 4221: 4217: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4201: 4197: 4193: 4189: 4185: 4181: 4177: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4152: 4143: 4139: 4135: 4129: 4108: 4103: 4101: 4096: 4094: 4089: 4088: 4086: 4085: 4082: 4072: 4071: 4066: 4059: 4055: 4051: 4047: 4043: 4039: 4035: 4031: 4027: 4023: 4015: 4014: 4005: 4001: 3997: 3996: 3987: 3983: 3982: 3976: 3975: 3970: 3969: 3966: 3961: 3957: 3955: 3954: 3949: 3948: 3945: 3940: 3936: 3934: 3933: 3928: 3927: 3924: 3919: 3915: 3913: 3912: 3907: 3906: 3903: 3898: 3894: 3892: 3891: 3886: 3885: 3882: 3877: 3873: 3871: 3870: 3865: 3864: 3857: 3854: 3852: 3848: 3847: 3840: 3837: 3835: 3831: 3830: 3823: 3821: 3818: 3817: 3810: 3806: 3802: 3798: 3794: 3790: 3786: 3782: 3778: 3777:War in Donbas 3774: 3770: 3766: 3760: 3759:Five-Days War 3756: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3736: 3732: 3731:Privatization 3728: 3724: 3718: 3714: 3710: 3704: 3700: 3697: 3696: 3693: 3692:Modern Russia 3680: 3678: 3675: 3674: 3671: 3669: 3668: 3663: 3662: 3658: 3656: 3652: 3651: 3647: 3645: 3641: 3640: 3636: 3634: 3631: 3630: 3623: 3619: 3615: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3593: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3575: 3571: 3567: 3563: 3559: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3540: 3539: 3536: 3524: 3522: 3521: 3516: 3515: 3511: 3509: 3505: 3504: 3500: 3498: 3497:Russian State 3495: 3494: 3490: 3488: 3484: 3483: 3479: 3477: 3473: 3472: 3468: 3466: 3465:Ukrainian SSR 3462: 3461: 3457: 3455: 3452: 3451: 3447: 3445: 3441: 3440: 3436: 3434: 3431: 3430: 3424: 3420: 3416: 3415:War Communism 3412: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3390: 3386: 3382: 3378: 3374: 3370: 3366: 3365: 3364:Dvoyevlastiye 3360: 3356: 3353: 3352: 3349: 3336: 3334: 3330: 3329: 3325: 3323: 3319: 3318: 3314: 3312: 3308: 3307: 3303: 3301: 3297: 3296: 3292: 3290: 3286: 3285: 3281: 3279: 3276: 3275: 3271: 3269: 3266: 3265: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3247: 3243: 3239: 3235: 3231: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3213: 3210: 3209: 3206: 3194: 3192: 3191: 3186: 3185: 3181: 3179: 3176: 3175: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3165: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3155: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3134: 3133: 3130: 3118: 3116: 3115: 3110: 3109: 3105: 3103: 3102:Rostov-Suzdal 3100: 3099: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3089: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3079: 3075: 3073: 3072:Novgorod Land 3070: 3069: 3063: 3062: 3057: 3053: 3050: 3049: 3046: 3034: 3032: 3028: 3027: 3024: 3022: 3018: 3017: 3014: 3012: 3008: 3007: 3003: 3001: 2998: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2976: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2966: 2963: 2957: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2945: 2935: 2930: 2928: 2923: 2921: 2916: 2915: 2913: 2912: 2905: 2902: 2900: 2897: 2895: 2892: 2890: 2887: 2885: 2884:Yugoslav Wars 2882: 2880: 2877: 2875: 2872: 2870: 2867: 2865: 2862: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2850: 2847: 2846: 2838: 2837: 2830: 2827: 2825: 2822: 2820: 2817: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2807: 2805: 2802: 2800: 2797: 2795: 2792: 2789: 2785: 2783: 2780: 2778: 2775: 2773: 2772:Secret Speech 2770: 2768: 2765: 2763: 2760: 2758: 2755: 2753: 2750: 2748: 2747:Marshall Plan 2745: 2744: 2736: 2735: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2714: 2711: 2709: 2706: 2704: 2701: 2700: 2699: 2698: 2695: 2692: 2691: 2686: 2683: 2681: 2678: 2676: 2673: 2671: 2668: 2666: 2663: 2661: 2658: 2656: 2653: 2651: 2648: 2646: 2643: 2639: 2636: 2634: 2631: 2630: 2629: 2626: 2624: 2621: 2619: 2616: 2614: 2611: 2609: 2606: 2604: 2601: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2587: 2584: 2583: 2582: 2581: 2577: 2576: 2571: 2568: 2566: 2563: 2561: 2558: 2556: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2547: 2546: 2545: 2542: 2539: 2538: 2533: 2530: 2528: 2525: 2523: 2520: 2518: 2515: 2513: 2510: 2508: 2505: 2503: 2500: 2499: 2498: 2497: 2494: 2491: 2490: 2484: 2476: 2475: 2468: 2465: 2463: 2460: 2458: 2455: 2453: 2452: 2448: 2446: 2445: 2441: 2440: 2432: 2431: 2423: 2420: 2417: 2413: 2412:North Vietnam 2409: 2406: 2404: 2401: 2398: 2395: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2382: 2379: 2377: 2374: 2372: 2369: 2367: 2364: 2362: 2359: 2357: 2354: 2352: 2349: 2347: 2344: 2342: 2339: 2337: 2334: 2332: 2329: 2327: 2324: 2321: 2318: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2300: 2297: 2295: 2292: 2291: 2283: 2282: 2275: 2272: 2270: 2267: 2265: 2262: 2260: 2257: 2255: 2252: 2250: 2247: 2245: 2242: 2240: 2237: 2235: 2232: 2230: 2227: 2225: 2222: 2220: 2217: 2215: 2212: 2210: 2207: 2205: 2202: 2201: 2197: 2191: 2183: 2182: 2174: 2173: 2170: 2165: 2164: 2156: 2154: 2150: 2145: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2127: 2123: 2119: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2091: 2087: 2083: 2079: 2078:Ukrainian SSR 2075: 2071: 2067: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2051: 2047: 2043: 2040:on the west; 2039: 2034: 2032: 2022: 2020: 2016: 2012: 2008: 2007:official name 2004: 1999: 1992: 1990: 1986: 1982: 1978: 1974: 1969: 1967: 1963: 1959: 1955: 1951: 1947: 1942: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1923: 1921: 1913: 1909: 1908: 1902: 1900: 1896: 1893:the previous 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1853: 1849: 1845: 1841: 1830: 1827: 1819: 1816:February 2022 1808: 1805: 1801: 1798: 1794: 1791: 1787: 1784: 1780: 1777: – 1776: 1772: 1771:Find sources: 1765: 1761: 1755: 1754: 1749:This section 1747: 1743: 1738: 1737: 1733: 1723: 1721: 1717: 1713: 1708: 1706: 1701: 1697: 1693: 1689: 1685: 1681: 1677: 1673: 1669: 1665: 1661: 1657: 1653: 1648: 1646: 1642: 1638: 1633: 1629: 1624: 1622: 1618: 1614: 1610: 1609:Boris Yeltsin 1606: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1561: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1546: 1540: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1518: 1514: 1513:urban centers 1510: 1506: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1465: 1462: 1459: 1455: 1454:Soviet Russia 1451: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1435: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1410: 1404: 1397: 1391: 1382: 1375: 1368: 1358: 1355:Remained the 1353: 1350: 1334: 1332: 1329: 1328: 1320: 1318: 1315: 1311: 1310: 1302: 1300: 1297: 1293: 1292: 1284: 1282: 1279: 1275: 1274: 1266: 1264: 1261: 1257: 1256: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1239: 1238: 1230: 1228: 1225: 1221: 1220: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1203: 1202: 1194: 1192: 1189: 1188: 1180: 1178: 1175: 1174: 1166: 1164: 1161: 1160: 1152: 1150: 1147: 1143: 1142: 1139: 1133: 1130: 1126: 1119: 1118: 1115: 1112: 1105: 1104: 1101: 1098: 1094: 1087: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1076: 1069: 1068: 1065: 1062: 1058: 1051: 1050: 1047: 1044: 1040: 1033: 1032: 1029: 1026: 1022: 1015: 1014: 1011: 1010:Russian State 1008: 1004: 997: 996: 993: 990: 986: 979: 978: 975: 974: 971: 968: 966: 963: 962: 958: 955: 952: 950: 946: 943: 940: 938: 937:ISO 3166 code 934: 931: 928: 924: 920: 916: 912: 908: 904: 901: 897: 893: 889: 883: 879: 874: 870: 866: 861: 857: 853: 850: 844: 840: 837: 831: 827: 821: 817: 814: 808: 804: 801: 795: 791: 788: 787:Ukrainian SSR 784: 781: 775: 771: 768: 762: 758: 752: 748: 745: 739: 735: 732: 726: 722: 716: 713: 711: 708: 706: 703: 701: 698: 697: 695: 691: 685: 681: 678: 676: 672: 669: 667: 663: 659: 656: 655: 653: 649: 645: 642: 641:Boris Yeltsin 639: 633: 630: 627: 621: 618: 615: 609: 605: 601: 599: 595: 591: 588: 587:Boris Yeltsin 585: 575: 572: 569: 563: 559: 555: 553: 552:Head of state 549: 543: 540: 537: 534: 530: 527: 525: 522: 521:parliamentary 519: 516: 512: 509: 507: 504: 501: 498: 497:parliamentary 495: 491: 488: 483: 480: 478: 475: 472: 468: 467:parliamentary 465: 460: 457: 456: 454: 450: 447: 444: 442: 438: 431: 428: 425: 421: 420:State atheism 418: 415: 411: 410:Secular state 408: 407: 405: 401: 398: 397: 392: 386: 383: 380: 376: 373: 370: 366: 358: 355: 351: 348: 347: 345: 341: 335: 329: 326: 324: 320: 315: 312: 310: 306: 303: 302: 300: 296: 291: 285: 280: 250: 245: 197: 192: 162: 157: 143: 138: 137: 134: 130: 126: 120: 116: 110: 102: 94: 82: 75: 67: 62: 44: 41: 37: 33: 19: 10747:Eastern Bloc 10646: 10320:Soviet Union 10308:Eastern Bloc 10246: 10018:Demographics 10008:Antisemitism 9861:Central Bank 9779:Forced labor 9727:Spetsnaz GRU 9547:organisation 9455:Human rights 9404:Constitution 9287:Subdivisions 9165:Russian SFSR 9164: 9121:Soviet Union 8967:Coat of arms 8927:Martial arts 8835:Army culture 8825:Architecture 8795:Witch trials 8750:Prostitution 8696:Human rights 8629:Demographics 8543:Trade unions 8513:Shipbuilding 8473:Homelessness 8433:Central Bank 8428:Car industry 8267:Conservatism 8177:Constitution 8172:Conscription 7845:Eastern Bloc 7835:Soviet Union 7828:Russian SFSR 7827: 7758:Feudal Rus' 7637:Bukharan SSR 7631:SSR Abkhazia 7573:Estonian SSR 7526:Russian SFSR 7525: 7508:Russian SFSR 7507: 7503:Georgian SSR 7488:Armenian SSR 7420: 7412:(in Russian) 7384: 7361: 7349:. 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Retrieved 6135: 6126: 6116: 6112: 6099: 6089: 6069: 6041: 6010: 5964: 5820:World War II 5808: 5799:Flag history 5785:Russian bear 5754: 5711: 5677: 5657:Mother's Day 5646: 5616: 5612: 5605: 5597: 5507: 5452:Georgian SSR 5354:Kirghiz ASSR 5344:Chuvash ASSR 5333:Kirghiz ASSR 5191:Crimean ASSR 5072:Bashkir ASSR 5062:Kara-Kirghiz 5042:Bukharan PSR 4995: 4974: 4943: 4893: 4878: 4874:popular vote 4859: 4841:adopted the 4828: 4798: 4783: 4766:Russian SFSR 4759: 4748: 4733: 4708:East Prussia 4706:province of 4689: 4666: 4635: 4620: 4601: 4597:Georgian SSR 4593:World War II 4566: 4535: 4509: 4477:Kirghiz ASSR 4434: 4413: 4409: 4388: 4384: 4380: 4374: 4343: 4326:black market 4323: 4312: 4248: 4226:), justice ( 4210:Soviets and 4204: 4173: 4157:Leon Trotsky 4138:Soviet Union 3999: 3993: 3985: 3979: 3974:full list... 3972: 3958: 3951: 3937: 3930: 3916: 3909: 3895: 3888: 3874: 3867: 3805:Mobilization 3797:Debt default 3739:Chechen wars 3690:since 1991: 3667:full list... 3665: 3644:Russian SFSR 3633:Soviet Union 3550:Korenization 3520:full list... 3518: 3454:Russian SFSR 3363: 3222:Zemsky Sobor 3190:full list... 3188: 3114:full list... 3112: 3059: 3045:Ancient Rus' 2718:to Hong Kong 2713:East Germany 2665:Tbilisi 1989 2650:Romania 1977 2618:Hungary 1956 2613:Georgia 1956 2449: 2442: 2341:East Germany 2253: 2168:Eastern Bloc 2146: 2130:Georgian SSR 2098:Estonian SSR 2035: 2028: 2010: 2000: 1993: 1976: 1970: 1943: 1934: 1930: 1924: 1906: 1903: 1848:Leon Trotsky 1837: 1822: 1813: 1803: 1796: 1789: 1782: 1770: 1758:Please help 1753:verification 1750: 1726:Nomenclature 1709: 1680:Russian flag 1654:(and former 1649: 1644: 1625: 1591:adopted the 1577:constitution 1575:. The first 1562: 1541: 1505:ethnic group 1472:Soviet Union 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1438:Russian SFSR 1437: 1433: 1431: 1313: 1295: 1277: 1259: 1241: 1223: 1209:Soviet Union 1205: 1145: 1128: 1096: 1078: 1060: 1042: 1024: 1006: 988: 970:Succeeded by 969: 964: 949:Internet TLD 926:Calling code 903:Soviet ruble 886:• 1989 805:12 June 1990 710:World War II 679: 670: 657: 629:Ivan Silayev 528: 510: 481: 458: 423: 413: 393: 368:Largest city 327: 323:Soviet Union 313: 304: 290:Soviet Union 132: 119:Motto: 118: 91:Bottom: Flag 40: 32:Soviet Union 18:Russian SFSR 10635:Dissolution 10575:Martial law 10498:Revolts and 10472:Warsaw Pact 10122:Phraseology 10067:Prohibition 10055:Linguistics 10040:Drug policy 10033:1989 census 9954:Cybernetics 9856:Agriculture 9769:Great Purge 9731:Soviet Navy 9723:Soviet Army 9595:(1989–1991) 9589:(1938–1991) 9583:(1922–1936) 9567:Secretariat 9438:Gun control 9345:Caspian Sea 9329:Closed city 9258:Dissolution 9243:Perestroika 9185:Great Purge 9019:tea culture 8872:Fairy tales 8735:Open access 8708:Immigration 8669:Gun control 8408:Agriculture 8377:Term limits 8287:Martial law 8282:Nationalism 8277:Irredentism 8272:Imperialism 8055:Caspian Sea 7971:Environment 7966:Earthquakes 7862:Union State 7850:Dissolution 7749:Kievan Rus' 7739:Early Slavs 7657:(1990–1991) 7651:(1990–1991) 7649:Abkhaz ASSR 7645:(1920–1924) 7643:Khorezm SSR 7639:(1920–1924) 7633:(1921–1931) 7616:(1922–1936) 7610:(1940–1956) 7601:Short-lived 7578:Latvian SSR 7563:Annexed in 7549:Kirghiz SSR 7539:Turkmen SSR 7466:(1922–1991) 7351:17 November 7321:17 November 7024:12 December 6814:Prof.Msu.RU 6712:22 November 6053:until 1993. 5816:right angle 5708:taken apart 5669:Victory Day 5410:Kalmyk ASSR 5396:Udmurt ASSR 5267:Buryat ASSR 5129:Bukey Horde 5125:Transcaspia 5109:Kirgiz ASSR 5066:Kara-Kalpak 5046:Turkmen SSR 5038:Khorezm SSR 4958:Soviet flag 4847:War of Laws 4807:Early 1990s 4772:1960s–1980s 4562:Volga River 4473:Kazakh ASSR 4465:Kazakh ASSR 4330:martial law 3699:August Coup 3622:War of Laws 3604:Perestroika 3582:Warsaw Pact 3570:Great Purge 3533:1923–1991: 3397:White Guard 3377:Directorate 3346:1917–1923: 3203:1480–1917: 3129:Feudal Rus' 3127:1240–1480: 3000:Rus' people 2992:Early Slavs 2959:History of 2804:Vietnam War 2794:Berlin Wall 2723:North Korea 2660:Brașov 1987 2628:Prague 1968 2591:Poznań 1956 2444:Warsaw Pact 2403:South Yemen 2381:North Korea 2294:Afghanistan 2214:Byelorussia 2106:Latvian SSR 2058:North Korea 2050:Scandinavia 1987:before the 1891:Nicholas II 1668:Soviet flag 1558:perestroika 1525:Novosibirsk 1458:independent 1419:sovereignty 1359:until 2000. 1245:Turkmen SSR 965:Preceded by 890:147,386,000 783:transferred 767:USSR formed 700:World War I 651:Legislature 571:Lev Kamenev 536:multi-party 518:multi-party 360:(1918–1991) 353:(1917–1918) 253:(1990–1991) 200:(1944–1990) 165:(1918–1944) 146:(1917–1918) 109:(1978–1991) 93:(1954–1991) 89:(1918–1937) 10726:Categories 10589:Conditions 10567:Solidarity 10500:opposition 10162:Opposition 10152:Television 10132:Propaganda 10105:Literature 9979:Naukograds 9974:Sharashkas 9908:(currency) 9886:Inventions 9829:Censorship 9759:Red Terror 9443:Government 9317:Autonomous 9300:Autonomous 9233:Stagnation 9196:Evacuation 9024:Television 8999:Philosophy 8932:Mass media 8922:Literature 8917:Inventions 8679:Healthcare 8614:Corruption 8604:Censorship 8495:(currency) 8372:Separatism 8317:Opposition 8302:Neo-Nazism 8292:Monarchism 8262:Liberalism 8257:Propaganda 8217:Government 8084:North Asia 7885:Journalism 7744:East Slavs 7734:Sarmatians 7544:Kazakh SSR 7341:www.nsc.ru 6998:27 October 6819:9 February 6565:required.) 6518:0804744939 6486:25 January 6427:Article 72 6416:Article 76 6390:0898757258 6107:, and the 6061:References 5746:Red Banner 5692:Red Square 5626:See also: 5329:Kazak ASSR 5253:Yakut ASSR 5090:Tatar ASSR 5054:Tajik ASSR 5004:until the 4990:See also: 4980:Government 4954:Presidency 4716:Königsberg 4616:separatism 4554:Stalingrad 4518:See also: 4505:Uzbekistan 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