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344:). It is now partially submerged by the reservoir created by the Keban Dam; its top is still above the water level. The site consists of a central hill or "acropolis" measuring 140 by 100 metres (460 by 330 ft) and 35 metres (115 ft) high, making it the largest tell in the area. The central hill is surrounded by lower terraces encompassing an area of 800 by 600 metres (2,600 by 2,000 ft).
395:
Norşuntepe provides first clear and unambiguous evidence of arsenical bronze production in this general area before the 4th millennium. It demonstrates that some form of arsenic alloying was being deliberately practised. Since the slag identified at Norşuntepe contains no arsenic, this means that
360:. The excavators have recognized 40 different occupation levels ranging in date from the fifth millennium BC to ca. 600 BC. Its occupation levels overlap to a large degree with those excavated at nearby
431:
production and some sort of palace or large, central building appears at the site in the final phases. In terms of material culture and architecture, there are clear parallels with
419:
The site reached a size of 3.2 hectares in the Early Bronze I and II periods and then shrank to 0.8 hectares in EB III. After a hiatus, Norşuntepe was again occupied during the
475:. The settlement seems to have been restricted to the south terrace and may have had a rural character. During its final occupation phases (800–600 BC), Norşuntepe was part of
549:
667:
658:Çevik, Özlem, "The Emergence of Different Social Systems in Early Bronze Age Anatolia: Urbanisation versus Centralisation', Anatolian Studies, vol. 57, pp. 131–40, 2007
400:
ceramics, where also were found a number of structures related to the
Mesopotamian architectural traditions. A related site in the area from the same time period is
483:, was excavated on the south terrace. A cemetery located on the hill top included a burial chamber where three horses together with gear and weapons were buried.
670:(a. Norşuntepe ceremonial hearths, b-c. Pulur-Sakyol after Koşay 1976, d-f. typical Karaz pottery after Işıklı, 2010, e. Tepecik). in Mehmet Özdoğan 2023,
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459:
The Late Bronze Age remains at Norşuntepe was heavily disturbed by later Iron Age activity, but some larger buildings have been excavated.
376:
pottery. Phase II represents the Late
Chalcolithic and during its final levels, more complex architecture appeared in the excavated area.
727:
372:
The
Chalcolithic occupation at Norşuntepe can be divided in 3 phases. The oldest Phase I dates to the Middle Chalcolithic and included
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622:
587:
521:. Excavation of the site focused on three areas: the western slope, the so-called "acropolis" area, and the south terrace.
732:
737:
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31:
479:. A building with a large, columned hall was located on the mail hill, whereas a second large building, possibly a
742:
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686:"Zur Chronologie des 3. Jahrtausends v. Chr. am oberen Euphrat Aufgrund der Stratigraphie des Norsuntepe"
552:(Yalçın 2012.32, Karte 5) The location of Norşuntepe in the Altınova plain. in Hatice Gönül Yalcin 2020,
757:
747:
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von Gladiß, Almut, and Harald
Hauptmann, "NORŞUNTEPE", Antike Welt, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 9–19, 1974
436:
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arsenic-bearing materials were added separately. The evidence was discovered at the levels with
685:
309:
92:
647:
Reconstructing the
Arsenical Copper Production Process in Early Bronze Age Southwest Asia.
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Before it was flooded, Norşuntepe was located on the Altınova Plain near the mouth of the
8:
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Keban Dam reservoir area and archaeological sites excavated in the Altınova plain (map).
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settlement is smaller than its precursor and no evidence for a palace has been found.
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The Early Iron Age at Norşuntepe (1150–800 BC) is characterized by a shift away from
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The final
Chalcolithic phases were characterized by small-scale single-room houses.
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material culture, possibly as a result of the influx of immigrants such as the
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from the different
Chalcolithic levels provided dates between 4300-3800 BC.
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It was excavated between 1968 and 1974 under the direction of German
579:
Reallexikon der
Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archäologie 9. 9
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Settlement mound
Tepecik and the Karaz culture in Eastern Anatolia
439:. The latest Early Bronze Age phase in Norşuntepe ends in fire.
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city wall built on a stone foundation. There is evidence for
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668:
A selection of Kura Aras/Karaz assemblages of East
Anatolia
690:
Publications de l'Institut Français d'Études Anatoliennes
404:, where arsenic-bronze was also produced around 4200 BC.
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Ph.D. Thesis. University College London. pp. 75 ff.
423:. During this period, the site was surrounded by a
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517:that would be flooded by the construction of the
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672:The Making of The Early Bronze Age in Anatolia
328:. It was excavated between 1968 and 1974.
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308:, or archaeological settlement mound, in
723:Archaeological sites in Eastern Anatolia
617:. Paul E. Zimansky. London: Routledge.
582:(in German). Berlin: De Gruyter. 2001.
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380:Metallurgy and arsenical bronze
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16:Archaeological mound in Turkey
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340:(downstream from the town of
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332:The site and its environment
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733:Chalcolithic sites of Asia
684:Hauptmann, Harald (2000).
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149:855 m (2,805 ft)
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645:Loïc C. Boscher (2016),
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611:Sagona, A. G. (2009).
384:Also during Phase II,
74:Norşuntepe (Near East)
266:Excavation dates
130:38.61889°N 39.47000°E
77:Show map of Near East
556:. - researchgate.net
515:archaeological sites
763:Kura-Araxes culture
753:Tells (archaeology)
437:Kura–Araxes culture
126: /
46:Shown within Turkey
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409:Radiocarbon dating
135:38.61889; 39.47000
49:Show map of Turkey
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758:Archaeometallurgy
624:978-0-415-48123-6
589:978-3-11-017296-6
449:Middle Bronze Age
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402:Değirmentepe
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368:Chalcolithic
354:Chalcolithic
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342:Palu, Elazığ
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318:Chalcolithic
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239:Chalcolithic
498:Excavations
490:during the
455:Late Bronze
398:Ubaid style
338:Murat River
253:Middle Ages
209:8.2 hectare
133: /
109:Coordinates
717:Categories
537:References
435:, and the
374:Ubaid-type
362:Arslantepe
326:Lake Keban
302:Norşuntepe
261:Site notes
121:39°28′12″E
20:Norşuntepe
633:257556741
598:614578502
531:Aratashen
519:Keban Dam
288:Condition
269:1968–1974
197:600 metre
185:800 metre
118:38°37′8″N
525:See also
488:cemetery
463:Iron Age
425:mudbrick
358:Iron Age
322:Iron Age
221:35 metre
166:cemetery
146:Altitude
87:Location
469:Hittite
356:to the
348:History
293:flooded
233:Periods
228:History
631:
621:
596:
586:
477:Urartu
473:Mushki
429:copper
386:copper
314:Turkey
216:Height
180:Length
101:Turkey
304:is a
192:Width
629:OCLC
619:ISBN
594:OCLC
584:ISBN
447:The
388:and
320:and
306:tell
204:Area
160:tell
154:Type
719::
694:11
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561:^
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312:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
