37:
440:
2245:
424:
490:
22:
1993:
672:. There is a critical time between the first reoccupation of a placed and the physical manifestation of a mound-a period of generations, if not centuries… The physical transformation of a tell-to-be into a tell depends upon two long-term physical concentrations – of people and house daub.. The nucleation of people in households living close to one another is the first prerequisite of tell-becoming." (
596:, where early villages sprang up around the smaller arable tracts close to springs, lakes, and marshes. Two models account for the tell structures of this part of southern Europe, one developed by Paul Halstead and the other by John Chapman. Chapman envisaged the tell as witness to a nucleated
668:"It is a paradox that a tell cannot by definition begin life as a tell – its earliest incarnation is as a flat site, like other flat sites in its vicinity. Such places did not take on the visual characteristics of tells for some generations but remained
1172:
Bailey, Douglass; Tringham, Ruth; Bass, Jason; Stevanović, Mirjana; Hamilton, Mike; Neumann, Heike; Angelova, Ilke; Raduncheva, Ana (Winter 1998). "Expanding the
Dimensions of Early Agricultural Tells: The Podgoritsa Archaeological Project, Bulgaria".
1342:
Davidson, Donald A.; Wilson, Clare A.; Lemos, Irene S.; Theocharopoulos, S. P. (1 July 2010). "Tell formation processes as indicated from geoarchaeological and geochemical investigations at
Xeropolis, Euboea, Greece".
248:, which can also refer to a pile of any material, such as grain, but it is not known whether the similarity reflects a borrowing from that language or if the Sumerian term itself was a loanword from an earlier Semitic
655:"Artificial mounds are a characteristic feature of permanent and semipermanent settlement locations in past cultural landscapes, particularly on sedimentary plains, but also in arid and semiarid regions." (
82:
consisting of the accumulated and stratified debris of a succession of consecutive settlements at the same site, the refuse of generations of people who built and inhabited them and natural sediment.
600:, whereas Halstead emphasized the idea that they arose as individual household structures. Thessalian tells often reflect small hamlets with a population of around 40–80.
1768:
Suriano, Matthew J. (2012). "Ruin Hills at the
Threshold of the Netherworld: The Tell in the Conceptual Landscape of the Ba'al Cycle and Ancient Near Eastern Mythology".
1697:
From
Pottery to Chronology: The Middle Euphrates Region in Late Bronze Age Syria. Proceedings of the International Workshop in Mainz (Germany), May 5-7, 2012
2025:
163:
2618:
535:
1689:
1630:
Orengo, Hector A.; Conesa, Francesc C.; Garcia-Molsosa, Arnau; Lobo, Agustín; Green, Adam S.; Madella, Marco; Petrie, Cameron A. (4 August 2020).
1491:
1837:
2792:
1863:
Archaeology in the 'Land of Tells and Ruins': A History of
Excavations in the Holy Land Inspired by the Photographs and Accounts of Leo Boer
543:
2613:
149:
period with its own, different settlement-building patterns. Many tells across the Near East continue to be occupied and used today.
1632:"Automated detection of archaeological mounds using machine-learning classification of multisensor and multitemporal satellite data"
2669:
2018:
2230:
1974:
1920:
1874:
1841:
1758:
1704:
1613:
1575:
1537:
1464:
1435:
1332:
1305:
1280:
1236:
1209:
1321:
Current
Approaches to Tells in the Prehistoric Old World: A cross-cultural comparison from Early Neolithic to the Iron Age
1225:
Current
Approaches to Tells in the Prehistoric Old World: A cross-cultural comparison from Early Neolithic to the Iron Age
2360:
2011:
1997:
141:, the Chalcolithic and the Bronze and Iron Ages. In the Southern Levant the time of the tells ended with the conquest by
2087:
1408:
1345:
2751:
1399:
387:
Equivalent words for town-mound often appear in place names, and the word "tell" itself is one of the most common
288:
2664:
2648:
1547:
1482:
2690:
1716:""Their corpses will reach the base of heaven": a third-millennium BC war memorial in northern Mesopotamia?"
2782:
2700:
2435:
1255:
1293:
Fragmentation in
Archaeology: People, Places, and Broken Objects in the Prehistory of South-eastern Europe
2756:
2638:
2633:
2568:
2244:
1912:
607:
of
Macedonia and the Magoulas of Thessaly are the local names for tell sites in these regions of Greece.
1601:
2787:
2761:
2370:
1966:
1949:
468:
and other building materials, water-laid sediments, residues of biogenic and geochemical processes and
2445:
2260:
1816:
2400:
2042:
1889:
1427:
458:
2710:
2643:
2537:
2390:
2308:
2303:
1821:
359:
265:
1247:
307:
There are lexically unrelated equivalents for this geophysical concept of a town-mound in other
36:
2741:
2593:
2352:
519:. More than 5,000 tells have been detected in the area of ancient Israel and Jordan. Of these,
453:
A tell can form only if natural and man-made material accumulates faster than it is removed by
1906:
1885:
1742:
1291:
439:
32:, from the west; this is 32 meters (105 feet) high, and its base covers 37 hectares (91 acres)
2410:
1858:
1829:
1419:
1195:
464:
Tells are formed from a variety of remains, including organic and cultural refuse, collapsed
249:
1450:
2628:
2588:
2067:
1897:
1750:
1714:
Porter, Anne; McClellan, Thomas; Wilhelm, Susanne; Weber, Jill; et al. (August 2021).
1648:
1354:
1201:
1631:
8:
2715:
2623:
2598:
2405:
2380:
1866:
1156:
685:
Oded
Borowski notes that, when transliterating a Hebrew toponym, the English spelling is
626:
285:
142:
1943:
1652:
1358:
2705:
2573:
2420:
2337:
1785:
1671:
1581:
1182:
40:
588:
plain, where rainfall was sufficient to permit densely populated settlements based on
2695:
2552:
2547:
2532:
2467:
2385:
2342:
2062:
2057:
1970:
1916:
1870:
1754:
1700:
1676:
1609:
1585:
1571:
1533:
1460:
1431:
1404:
1328:
1301:
1276:
1232:
1205:
527:
469:
428:
240:
216:
207:
203:
118:
86:
1699:. Münchener Abhandlungen zum Alten Orient. Gladbeck: PeWe-Verlag. pp. 195–224.
2608:
2603:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2487:
2482:
2472:
2288:
2145:
2130:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2082:
1953:
1777:
1727:
1666:
1656:
1567:
1563:
1525:
1506:
1370:
1362:
1297:
597:
338:
334:
296:
1385:
411:), meaning "ruin", also occurs in the names of many archaeological tells, such as
2797:
2542:
2517:
2512:
2492:
2440:
2430:
2425:
2415:
2395:
2365:
2317:
2313:
2283:
1559:
1551:
1316:
1220:
1197:
The Complete Archaeology of Greece: From Hunter-Gatherers to the 20th Century A.D
567:
472:. A classic tell looks like a low, truncated cone with sloping sides and a flat,
318:
291:(c. 700–500 BCE), describing a heap or small mound and appearing in the books of
225:
122:
90:
63:
1781:
1492:"More forgotten tells of Mali: an archaeologist's journey from here to Timbuktu"
2522:
1456:
308:
292:
94:
1529:
1366:
1070:
2776:
2322:
2170:
2077:
1690:"The Tell Banat Settlement Complex during the Third and Second Millennia BCE"
1597:
1593:
1164:
616:
504:
117:. Within the Near East they are concentrated in less arid regions, including
1661:
323:
2327:
2140:
2072:
1838:"TerraWatchers, UCSD, and ASOR CHI Partner to Monitor Archaeological Sites"
1680:
1520:
Matthews, Wendy (2014). "Introduction and Definition". In Smith, C. (ed.).
578:
547:
114:
689:, as opposed to conversion from Arabic, when the word is written "tell". (
523:
calculated in the 1960s that 98% had yet to be touched by archaeologists.
2746:
2736:
2527:
2459:
2332:
2220:
2034:
1939:
1732:
1715:
1474:
1420:"What Tells can Tell: Social Space and Settlement in the Greek Neolithic"
1324:
1228:
593:
589:
443:
146:
55:
1810:
1789:
1511:
2278:
2273:
1797:
1446:
520:
493:
25:
2003:
1375:
1186:
2583:
2268:
2155:
2092:
621:
539:
531:
516:
508:
138:
78:, 'mound' or 'small hill') is an artificial topographical feature, a
44:
1248:"How to Tell a Tell: Uncovering buried cities of the biblical world"
806:
423:
2720:
2375:
2298:
2293:
2200:
2185:
2180:
2135:
932:
585:
465:
435:, on top of a tell occupied since at least the third millennium BCE
126:
102:
842:
562:
Tells can be found in Europe in countries such as Spain, Hungary,
269:
2477:
2205:
2195:
2160:
2150:
563:
512:
454:
412:
397:
392:
199:
134:
106:
2225:
2175:
2097:
1992:
1087:
1085:
765:
631:
604:
592:, and the more dispersed sites in southern Greece, such as the
571:
489:
476:-like top. They can be more than 43 m (141 ft) high.
447:
388:
98:
48:
21:
1629:
656:
461:, which explains the limited geographical area they occur in.
2578:
2215:
2210:
2190:
1479:
Ethiopic and South Arabic Contributions to the Hebrew Lexicon
1403:(New ed.). Edinburgh: W & R Chambers. p. 1330.
1386:"What Is a Tell? The Remnants of Ancient Mesopotamian Cities"
1097:
711:
709:
584:
In Neolithic Greece there is a contrast between the northern
503:
It is thought that the earliest examples of tells are in the
497:
432:
312:
110:
79:
29:
1452:
The Tale of the Tell: Archaeological Studies by Paul W. Lapp
1082:
830:
577:
Northeastern Bulgaria has a rich archaeological heritage of
2165:
1713:
1639:
1076:
973:
971:
473:
264:, meaning "woman's breast", there exists a similar term in
130:
1319:. In Blanco-González, Antonio; Kienlin, Tobias L. (eds.).
1273:
Reconsidering the Date and Provenance of the Book of Hosea
1223:. In Blanco-González, Antonio; Kienlin, Tobias L. (eds.).
794:
706:
179:) meaning "mound" or "hillock". Variant spellings include
1121:
1058:
738:
507:, such as at the 10-meter-high mound, dating back to the
1007:
995:
968:
1483:
University of California Publicans in Semitic Philology
983:
910:
908:
273:
1218:
1133:
1109:
1031:
1019:
848:
818:
788:
755:
753:
259:
253:
243:
219:
210:
161:
is first attested in English in an 1840 report in the
1219:
Blanco-González, Antonio; Kienlin, Tobias L. (2020).
920:
728:
726:
724:
1048:
1046:
905:
895:
893:
279:
228:
174:
72:
956:
854:
750:
581:(4900–3800 BCE) tells from the 5th millennium BCE.
546:. The last is thought to be the site of the oldest
1963:The Ancient Greeks: Social Structure and Evolution
1809:
878:
721:
1043:
890:
2774:
866:
1608:. New York and London: Continuum. p. 497.
1341:
1221:"Introduction: Learning from Prehistoric Tells"
944:
812:
2019:
1171:
1103:
1091:
771:
374:
368:
352:
346:
328:
258:is related to another word in that language,
1726:(382). Cambridge University Press: 900–918.
1606:Archaeological Encyclopedia of the Holy Land
406:
234:
168:
85:Tells are most commonly associated with the
2614:Military history of the Neo-Assyrian Empire
1592:
1396:
744:
715:
2026:
2012:
1908:Archaeological Landscapes of the Near East
1856:
1001:
542:, Tell Kabir, Tell Mresh, Tell Saghir and
1904:
1796:
1731:
1670:
1660:
1510:
1489:
1374:
1013:
926:
836:
800:
164:Journal of the Royal Geographical Society
89:but are also found elsewhere, such as in
1883:
1745:. In Shaw, Ian; Jameson, Robert (eds.).
1546:
1519:
1490:MacDonald, Kevin C. (23 November 1997).
1417:
1245:
1193:
1155:
1139:
1127:
1115:
1025:
989:
977:
824:
784:
782:
780:
759:
690:
488:
438:
422:
133:, which had more continuous settlement.
35:
20:
2033:
1767:
1314:
1289:
1037:
938:
860:
679:
673:
554:), dating from the 3rd millennium BCE.
2775:
1808:
1687:
1473:
1064:
914:
884:
662:
284:first appears in the biblical book of
2793:Archaeological sites in the Near East
2007:
1383:
899:
777:
1836:
1830:participating institution membership
1740:
1444:
1246:Borowski, Oded (13 September 2021).
1052:
962:
872:
732:
649:
526:In Syria, tells are abundant in the
1317:"Then, Now, to Come – A Commentary"
1270:
950:
415:(roughly meaning "heap of ruins").
407:
364:
342:
239:). The Akkadian form is similar to
235:
169:
67:
13:
1931:
1886:"The Scenes of the Baptist's Work"
1556:Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology
1522:Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology
849:Blanco-González & Kienlin 2020
789:Blanco-González & Kienlin 2020
14:
2809:
1985:
1346:Journal of Archaeological Science
484:
2752:Pennsylvania Sumerian Dictionary
2243:
1991:
1400:Chambers 20th Century Dictionary
1397:Kirkpatrick, E. M., ed. (1983).
1384:Hirst, K. Kris (22 March 2019).
268:classical Ethiopian language of
167:. It is derived from the Arabic
2309:Pre-Pottery Neolithic B (PPNB)
2304:Pre-Pottery Neolithic A (PPNA)
1568:10.1007/978-3-030-30018-0_1512
1148:
382:
302:
1:
2691:Ancient Mesopotamian religion
2088:Tigris–Euphrates river system
637:
479:
1256:Biblical Archaeology Society
1175:Journal of Field Archaeology
1161:The Archaeology of Palestine
941:, pp. 214, notes 17–19.
700:
530:region, scattered along the
418:
313:
274:
260:
254:
244:
220:
211:
152:
7:
2757:Chicago Assyrian Dictionary
2639:Egypt-Mesopotamia relations
2634:Indus-Mesopotamia relations
1913:University of Arizona Press
1905:Wilkinson, Toby J. (2003).
1884:Warfield, Benjamin (1885).
1782:10.13109/wdor.2012.42.2.210
1747:A Dictionary of Archaeology
1695:. In Otto, Adelheid (ed.).
1449:; Hadidian, Fikran (eds.).
1424:Neolithic Society in Greece
1422:. In Halstead, Paul (ed.).
610:
280:
229:
175:
73:
10:
2814:
2762:Chicago Hittite Dictionary
1967:Cambridge University Press
1950:Edinburgh University Press
1554:. In Smith, Claire (ed.).
2729:
2683:
2657:
2561:
2458:
2351:
2259:
2252:
2241:
2123:
2050:
2041:
1857:Wagemakers, Bart (2014).
1817:Oxford English Dictionary
1530:10.1007/978-1-4419-0465-2
1499:Archaeology International
1418:Kotsakis, Kostas (1999).
1367:10.1016/j.jas.2010.01.017
1157:Albright, William Foxwell
557:
198:The Arabic word has many
1961:Small, David B. (2019).
1428:Sheffield Academic Press
642:
16:Ancient settlement mound
1945:Mounds of the Near East
1859:"Khirbet Et-Tell (Ai?)"
1822:Oxford University Press
1662:10.1073/pnas.2005583117
1252:biblicalarchaeology.org
1194:Bintliff, John (2012).
745:Negev & Gibson 2001
459:human-caused truncation
299:with the same meaning.
145:, which ushered in the
2594:Babylonian mathematics
1562:. pp. 7259–7262.
1552:"Tells in Archaeology"
1524:. New York: Springer.
1445:Lapp, Paul W. (1975).
1315:Chapman, John (2020).
1290:Chapman, John (2000).
1271:Bos, James M. (2013).
509:proto-Neolithic period
500:
450:
436:
375:
369:
353:
347:
329:
322:
51:
33:
1751:John Wiley & Sons
1688:Porter, Anne (2018).
1202:John Wiley & Sons
815:, pp. 1564–1571.
492:
442:
426:
311:languages, including
39:
24:
2589:Babylonian astronomy
2068:Mesopotamian Marshes
2000:at Wikimedia Commons
1915:. pp. 100–127.
1898:Hodder and Stoughton
1890:Nicoll, W. Robertson
1770:Die Welt des Orients
1753:. pp. 566–567.
1733:10.15184/aqy.2021.58
813:Davidson&al 2010
2783:Tells (archaeology)
2670:Destruction by ISIL
2624:Sumerian literature
2599:Akkadian literature
2035:Ancient Mesopotamia
1900:. pp. 267–282.
1820:(Online ed.).
1653:2020PNAS..11718240O
1647:(31): 18240–18250.
1512:10.5334/ai.v1i0.216
1359:2010JArSc..37.1564D
1079:, pp. 900–918.
1067:, pp. 195–224.
839:, pp. 100–127.
774:, pp. 373–396.
627:Archaeological site
278:, "breast". Hebrew
143:Alexander the Great
2706:Mesopotamian myths
1998:Tell (archaeology)
1741:Shaw, Ian (2002).
1104:Bailey&al 1998
1092:Bailey&al 1998
1077:Porter et al. 2021
772:Bailey&al 1998
657:Orengo et al. 2020
501:
451:
437:
395:. The Arabic word
250:substrate language
137:tells date to the
52:
34:
2788:Ancient Near East
2770:
2769:
2721:Ziggurat (Temple)
2696:Sumerian religion
2454:
2453:
2401:Middle Babylonian
2343:Kish civilization
2239:
2238:
2063:Lower Mesopotamia
2058:Upper Mesopotamia
1996:Media related to
1976:978-0-521-89505-7
1922:978-0-816-52173-9
1876:978-1-782-97245-7
1844:. 17 January 2019
1828:(Subscription or
1760:978-0-631-23583-5
1706:978-3-935012-29-4
1615:978-0-8264-1316-1
1577:978-3-030-30016-6
1539:978-1-4419-0426-3
1466:978-1-725-24234-0
1437:978-1-850-75824-2
1334:978-1-78925-487-7
1307:978-0-415-15803-9
1282:978-0-567-06889-7
1238:978-1-78925-487-7
1211:978-1-118-25520-9
1130:, pp. 53–54.
803:, pp. 40–42.
670:in statu nascendi
528:Upper Mesopotamia
429:Citadel of Aleppo
266:the South Semitic
204:Semitic languages
119:Upper Mesopotamia
87:ancient Near East
2805:
2619:Sumerian cuisine
2609:Warfare in Sumer
2604:Economy of Sumer
2257:
2256:
2247:
2131:Fertile Crescent
2115:Sinjar Mountains
2110:Hamrin Mountains
2105:Zagros Mountains
2083:Taurus Mountains
2048:
2047:
2028:
2021:
2014:
2005:
2004:
1995:
1980:
1957:
1954:Internet Archive
1926:
1901:
1880:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1833:
1825:
1813:
1805:
1793:
1764:
1737:
1735:
1710:
1694:
1684:
1674:
1664:
1636:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1589:
1543:
1516:
1514:
1496:
1486:
1481:. Vol. XX.
1470:
1441:
1414:
1393:
1380:
1378:
1353:(7): 1564–1571.
1338:
1311:
1298:Psychology Press
1286:
1267:
1265:
1263:
1242:
1215:
1190:
1168:
1167:. pp. 7–22.
1143:
1137:
1131:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1080:
1074:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
987:
981:
975:
966:
960:
954:
948:
942:
936:
930:
924:
918:
912:
903:
897:
888:
882:
876:
870:
864:
858:
852:
846:
840:
834:
828:
822:
816:
810:
804:
798:
792:
786:
775:
769:
763:
757:
748:
742:
736:
730:
719:
716:Kirkpatrick 1983
713:
694:
683:
677:
666:
660:
659:, p. 18240)
653:
598:communal society
470:aeolian sediment
410:
409:
391:for Palestinian
378:
373:and derivatives
372:
366:
356:
350:
344:
332:
316:
283:
277:
263:
257:
247:
238:
237:
232:
223:
214:
178:
172:
171:
76:
69:
2813:
2812:
2808:
2807:
2806:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2773:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2725:
2679:
2653:
2562:Culture/society
2557:
2450:
2446:Muslim conquest
2416:Fall of Babylon
2347:
2248:
2235:
2119:
2037:
2032:
1988:
1983:
1977:
1960:
1938:
1934:
1932:Further reading
1929:
1923:
1877:
1847:
1845:
1827:
1761:
1707:
1692:
1634:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1600:, eds. (2001).
1578:
1548:Matthews, Wendy
1540:
1494:
1467:
1438:
1411:
1335:
1308:
1283:
1261:
1259:
1239:
1212:
1151:
1146:
1138:
1134:
1126:
1122:
1114:
1110:
1106:, p. 375).
1102:
1098:
1090:
1083:
1075:
1071:
1063:
1059:
1051:
1044:
1036:
1032:
1024:
1020:
1012:
1008:
1002:Wagemakers 2014
1000:
996:
988:
984:
980:, p. 7260.
976:
969:
961:
957:
949:
945:
937:
933:
925:
921:
913:
906:
898:
891:
883:
879:
871:
867:
859:
855:
847:
843:
835:
831:
823:
819:
811:
807:
799:
795:
787:
778:
770:
766:
758:
751:
743:
739:
731:
722:
718:, p. 1330.
714:
707:
703:
698:
697:
684:
680:
667:
663:
654:
650:
645:
640:
613:
568:North Macedonia
560:
496:, northeastern
487:
482:
421:
413:Khirbet et-Tell
401:, also spelled
385:
367:, from Turkish
319:Egyptian Arabic
309:Southwest Asian
305:
155:
123:Southern Levant
41:Tel Be'er Sheva
28:, northeastern
17:
12:
11:
5:
2811:
2801:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2768:
2767:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2742:Assyriologists
2739:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2726:
2724:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2698:
2693:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2680:
2678:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2661:
2659:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2649:List of rulers
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2565:
2563:
2559:
2558:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2538:Proto-Armenian
2535:
2530:
2525:
2523:Middle Persian
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2411:Neo-Babylonian
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2391:Old Babylonian
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2361:Early Dynastic
2357:
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2325:
2320:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2281:
2276:
2271:
2265:
2263:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2236:
2234:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2121:
2120:
2118:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2101:
2100:
2095:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2054:
2052:
2045:
2039:
2038:
2031:
2030:
2023:
2016:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1987:
1986:External links
1984:
1982:
1981:
1975:
1958:
1935:
1933:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1921:
1902:
1881:
1875:
1854:
1834:
1806:
1794:
1776:(2): 210–230.
1765:
1759:
1738:
1711:
1705:
1685:
1627:
1614:
1598:Gibson, Shimon
1594:Negev, Avraham
1590:
1576:
1544:
1538:
1517:
1487:
1471:
1465:
1457:Wipf and Stock
1447:Lapp, Nancy L.
1442:
1436:
1415:
1409:
1394:
1381:
1339:
1333:
1312:
1306:
1287:
1281:
1275:. Bloomsbury.
1268:
1243:
1237:
1216:
1210:
1191:
1181:(4): 373–396.
1169:
1152:
1150:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1132:
1120:
1108:
1096:
1094:, p. 378.
1081:
1069:
1057:
1042:
1040:, p. 213.
1030:
1018:
1016:, p. 108.
1014:Wilkinson 2003
1006:
994:
992:, p. 274.
982:
967:
965:, p. 567.
955:
943:
931:
919:
904:
889:
877:
865:
853:
841:
837:Wilkinson 2003
829:
817:
805:
801:MacDonald 1997
793:
776:
764:
749:
747:, p. 497.
737:
735:, p. 566.
720:
704:
702:
699:
696:
695:
678:
676:, p. 207)
661:
647:
646:
644:
641:
639:
636:
635:
634:
629:
624:
619:
612:
609:
559:
556:
552:White Monument
550:(known as the
486:
485:Southwest Asia
483:
481:
478:
420:
417:
384:
381:
357:(Turkish) and
304:
301:
252:. If Akkadian
154:
151:
95:Central Europe
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2810:
2799:
2796:
2794:
2791:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2781:
2780:
2778:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2734:
2732:
2728:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2699:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2662:
2660:
2656:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2560:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2387:
2384:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2367:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2350:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2324:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2270:
2267:
2266:
2264:
2262:
2258:
2255:
2251:
2246:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2090:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2078:Syrian Desert
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2040:
2036:
2029:
2024:
2022:
2017:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2006:
1999:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1978:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1937:
1936:
1924:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1909:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1894:The Expositor
1891:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1843:
1839:
1835:
1831:
1823:
1819:
1818:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1712:
1708:
1702:
1698:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1673:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1641:
1633:
1628:
1617:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1493:
1488:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1468:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1416:
1412:
1410:0-550-10234-5
1406:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1364:
1360:
1356:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1340:
1336:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1309:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1294:
1288:
1284:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1244:
1240:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1170:
1166:
1165:Penguin Books
1162:
1158:
1154:
1153:
1142:, p. 55.
1141:
1140:Bintliff 2012
1136:
1129:
1128:Bintliff 2012
1124:
1118:, p. 53.
1117:
1116:Bintliff 2012
1112:
1105:
1100:
1093:
1088:
1086:
1078:
1073:
1066:
1061:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1039:
1034:
1028:, p. 16.
1027:
1026:Albright 1949
1022:
1015:
1010:
1004:, p. 40.
1003:
998:
991:
990:Warfield 1885
986:
979:
978:Matthews 2020
974:
972:
964:
959:
952:
947:
940:
935:
928:
927:Biblehub: tel
923:
917:, p. 55.
916:
911:
909:
901:
896:
894:
886:
881:
874:
869:
862:
857:
850:
845:
838:
833:
827:, p. 66.
826:
825:Kotsakis 1999
821:
814:
809:
802:
797:
790:
785:
783:
781:
773:
768:
761:
760:Matthews 2014
756:
754:
746:
741:
734:
729:
727:
725:
717:
712:
710:
705:
692:
691:Borowski 2021
688:
682:
675:
671:
665:
658:
652:
648:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
620:
618:
617:List of tells
615:
614:
608:
606:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
582:
580:
575:
573:
569:
565:
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
524:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
505:Jordan Valley
499:
495:
491:
477:
475:
471:
467:
462:
460:
456:
449:
445:
441:
434:
430:
425:
416:
414:
404:
400:
399:
394:
390:
380:
377:
371:
362:
361:
355:
349:
340:
336:
331:
326:
325:
320:
315:
310:
300:
298:
294:
290:
287:
282:
276:
271:
267:
262:
256:
251:
246:
242:
231:
227:
222:
218:
213:
209:
205:
201:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
177:
166:
165:
160:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
93:and parts of
92:
88:
83:
81:
77:
75:
65:
61:
57:
50:
46:
42:
38:
31:
27:
23:
19:
2674:
2644:Royal titles
2569:Architecture
2406:Neo-Assyrian
2253:(Pre)history
2073:Persian Gulf
1962:
1952:– via
1944:
1940:Lloyd, Seton
1907:
1893:
1862:
1846:. Retrieved
1815:
1801:
1773:
1769:
1746:
1723:
1719:
1696:
1644:
1638:
1619:. Retrieved
1605:
1555:
1521:
1505:(1): 40–42.
1502:
1498:
1478:
1475:Leslau, Wolf
1451:
1423:
1398:
1389:
1350:
1344:
1320:
1292:
1272:
1260:. Retrieved
1251:
1224:
1196:
1178:
1174:
1160:
1135:
1123:
1111:
1099:
1072:
1060:
1055:, p. 1.
1038:Suriano 2012
1033:
1021:
1009:
997:
985:
958:
946:
939:Suriano 2012
934:
922:
880:
868:
861:Chapman 2020
856:
844:
832:
820:
808:
796:
767:
740:
686:
681:
674:Chapman 2000
669:
664:
651:
602:
583:
576:
566:, Bulgaria,
561:
551:
548:war memorial
536:Tell al-'Abr
534:, including
525:
502:
463:
452:
402:
396:
386:
358:
306:
197:
192:
188:
184:
180:
162:
158:
156:
115:North Africa
84:
71:
59:
53:
18:
2747:Hittitology
2737:Assyriology
2658:Archaeology
2528:Old Persian
2338:Jemdet Nasr
1867:Oxbow Books
1325:Oxbow Books
1229:Oxbow Books
1149:Works cited
1065:Porter 2018
915:Leslau 1958
594:Peloponesus
590:dry-farming
446:, northern
444:Tel Megiddo
431:, northern
383:In toponyms
303:Equivalents
286:Deuteronomy
147:Hellenistic
56:archaeology
2777:Categories
2711:Divination
2421:Achaemenid
2386:Isin-Larsa
2279:Trialetian
2274:Mousterian
2261:Prehistory
1848:13 October
1832:required.)
1376:1893/16434
900:Hirst 2019
885:OED - tell
791:, see map.
638:References
586:Thessalian
579:eneolithic
544:Tell Banat
494:Tell Barri
480:Occurrence
363:(Persian:
206:, such as
26:Tell Barri
2584:Cuneiform
2460:Languages
2269:Acheulean
2156:Babylonia
2093:Euphrates
2043:Geography
1720:Antiquity
1621:9 October
1586:241215415
1390:ThoughtCo
1053:Lapp 1975
963:Shaw 2002
873:ASOR 2019
733:Shaw 2002
701:Citations
622:Acropolis
540:Tell Bazi
532:Euphrates
521:Paul Lapp
517:West Bank
466:mudbricks
419:Formation
272:, namely
202:in other
157:The word
153:Etymology
139:Neolithic
113:, and in
45:Beersheva
2730:Academia
2684:Religion
2553:Urartian
2548:Sumerian
2533:Parthian
2468:Akkadian
2441:Sasanian
2431:Parthian
2426:Seleucid
2376:Simurrum
2366:Akkadian
2299:Khiamian
2289:Natufian
2201:Simurrum
2186:Kassites
2181:Hittites
2136:Adiabene
1942:(1963).
1802:biblehub
1790:23342127
1681:32690717
1560:Springer
1550:(2020).
1477:(1958).
1159:(1949).
951:Bos 2013
611:See also
393:toponyms
389:prefixes
297:Jeremiah
241:Sumerian
217:Ugaritic
208:Akkadian
200:cognates
135:Eurasian
127:Anatolia
103:Bulgaria
91:Southern
2716:Prayers
2701:Deities
2665:Looting
2508:Kassite
2503:Hurrian
2498:Hittite
2488:Elamite
2483:Eblaite
2478:Aramaic
2473:Amorite
2396:Kassite
2371:Gutians
2353:History
2318:Samarra
2314:Hassuna
2284:Zarzian
2206:Subartu
2196:Mitanni
2161:Chaldea
2151:Assyria
2124:Ancient
1892:(ed.).
1672:7414161
1649:Bibcode
1355:Bibcode
605:Toumbas
564:Romania
515:in the
513:Jericho
455:erosion
403:khirbat
398:khirbet
379:etc.).
339:Persian
335:Turkish
212:tīlu(m)
107:Hungary
97:, from
2798:Mounds
2543:Sutean
2518:Median
2513:Luwian
2493:Gutian
2381:Ur III
2294:Nemrik
2231:Cities
2226:Urartu
2176:Hamazi
2171:Gutium
2146:Armani
2098:Tigris
2051:Modern
1973:
1919:
1873:
1811:"tell"
1788:
1757:
1743:"Tell"
1703:
1679:
1669:
1612:
1602:"Tell"
1584:
1574:
1536:
1463:
1434:
1407:
1331:
1304:
1279:
1262:12 May
1235:
1208:
1187:530635
1185:
632:Midden
572:Greece
570:, and
558:Europe
448:Israel
370:çokmak
360:chogha
330:tappeh
293:Joshua
226:Hebrew
121:, the
99:Greece
64:Arabic
62:(from
49:Israel
2629:Music
2579:Akitu
2436:Roman
2328:Ubaid
2323:Halaf
2221:Tukri
2216:Sumer
2211:Suhum
2191:Media
2141:Akkad
1888:. In
1826:
1798:"tel"
1786:JSTOR
1693:(PDF)
1635:(PDF)
1582:S2CID
1495:(PDF)
1258:(BAS)
1183:JSTOR
643:Notes
511:, at
498:Syria
433:Syria
354:höyük
348:hüyük
289:13:16
270:Geʽez
261:til'u
111:Spain
80:mound
30:Syria
2675:Tell
2333:Uruk
2166:Elam
1971:ISBN
1917:ISBN
1871:ISBN
1850:2021
1842:ASOR
1755:ISBN
1701:ISBN
1677:PMID
1640:PNAS
1623:2021
1610:ISBN
1572:ISBN
1534:ISBN
1461:ISBN
1432:ISBN
1405:ISBN
1329:ISBN
1302:ISBN
1277:ISBN
1264:2024
1233:ISBN
1206:ISBN
603:The
474:mesa
457:and
427:The
408:خربة
376:çoka
324:tepe
295:and
275:təla
255:tīlu
224:and
191:and
181:tall
176:tall
170:تَلّ
159:tell
131:Iran
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