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objects were clearly manufactured on site, yet the technological aspects of this productions remain unclear. This is because the primary smelting of ore seems to have been undertaken elsewhere, perhaps already at the mining sites. So questions remain as to whether or not arsenic was already present
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Strong evidence of metallurgical activities has been revealed in levels 9 to 6, dating to the Ubaid period, and especially in level 7 (4166 +/- 170 cal BC). Hearths or natural draft furnaces, slag, ore, and pigment had been recovered throughout the site. This was in the context of architectural
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site provides a better context of production, and demonstrates that some form of arsenic alloying was indeed taking place by the 4th millennium BC. Since the slag identified at Norşuntepe contains no arsenic, this means that arsenic was added separately.
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deformed. The remains of this cultural phase belonging to the
Chalcolithic are relatively well preserved. However, serious damage caused by occasional flooding of the Euphrates did occur, especially on architectural structures and the
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Many potteries characteristic of Ubaid culture have been found at the site. Archaeologists have discovered 450 sealings there which indicate intensive commercial activities, and production management.
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The
Chalcolithic period of this ancient village is characterized by rectangular mud brick houses that communicate with each other. We see the appearance of domestic animals such as
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The
Chalcolithic Değirmentepe level of Ubaid-4 of the second half of the Vth millennium BCE, of which the sites of Tülintepe, Seyh Hüyük and Kurban Hüyük are contemporary, contain
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111:. Cranial deformities are not observed on human remains discovered and identified in Iron Age periods and medieval levels from Değrentepe.
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Unusually, the metallurgical activities at the site appear to have been limited to the melting and casting of copper objects.
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Reconstructing the
Arsenical Copper Production Process in Early Bronze Age Southwest Asia.
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Reconstructing the
Arsenical Copper Production Process in Early Bronze Age Southwest Asia.
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Reconstructing the
Arsenical Copper Production Process in Early Bronze Age Southwest Asia.
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dams. Rescue excavations were undertaken in 1978 under the supervision of Ufuk Esin of
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197:"Cranial deformation in a subadult sample from Değirmentepe (Chalcolithic, Turkey)"
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Four archaeological layers whose dates are determined by techniques such as
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is an archaeological site which is located at 50 km north of the river
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culture, end of 4th millennium-beginning of 3rd millennium BCE)
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and traces of fusion have been discovered in this mound:
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38:. It is now submerged in the reservoir area of the
50:and interrupted in 1989 by flooding of the dams.
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287:Ph.D. Thesis. University College London. p.77
352:Archaeological sites of prehistoric Anatolia
134:than at the beginning of the Chalcolithic.
150:were the most commonly cultivated plants.
201:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
347:Archaeological sites in Eastern Anatolia
274:Ph.D. Thesis. University College London
252:Ph.D. Thesis. University College London
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30:and at 24 km in the northeast of
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90:, second half of Vth millennium BCE.)
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170:in the ores, or added later.
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64:(late Roman-Byzantine period)
16:Archaeological site in Turkey
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311:Prehistory of Mesopotamia
173:In contrast, the related
306:Prehistory of the Levant
283:Loïc C. Boscher (2016),
270:Loïc C. Boscher (2016),
248:Loïc C. Boscher (2016),
195:Özbek, Metin (2001).
76:ancient I (Karaz or
34:province in eastern
48:Istanbul University
239:, p. 238-244.
24:Değirmentepe Hüyük
342:Archaeometallurgy
213:10.1002/ajpa.1078
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88:Ubaid period
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100:adolescents
62:Middle Ages
336:Categories
237:Özbek 2001
182:References
175:Norşuntepe
157:Metallurgy
74:Bronze Age
301:Aratashen
96:skeletons
70:(1000 BC)
28:Euphrates
295:See also
221:11424075
109:cemetery
68:Iron Age
40:Karakaya
36:Anatolia
132:Bovinae
44:Atatürk
32:Malatya
219:
146:, and
136:barley
140:wheat
124:goats
120:sheep
104:skull
102:with
217:PMID
148:peas
144:oats
130:and
128:pigs
116:dogs
42:and
209:doi
205:115
98:of
55:C14
22:or
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86:(
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