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large extent on the regulations of flow in
Turkish source areas. Turkey agreed to begin monitoring the two border-crossing rivers and to share related data with Iraq. In 1980, Turkey and Iraq further specified the nature of the earlier protocol by forming a joint committee on technical issues, which Syria joined later in 1982 as well. Turkey unilaterally guaranteed to allow 15.75 km/year (500 m/s) of water across the border to Syria without any formal agreement on the sharing of the Euphrates water.
685:
504:, the Euphrates and the Tigris are very irregular rivers, used to cause great problems each year with droughts in summer and flooding in winter. The water of the Euphrates River is regulated by means of large reservoirs of the Keban and Atatürk Dams. However, the waters released from the HEPPs of those dams also need to be regulated. The Birecik and the Karkamış Dams downstream the Atatürk Dam are constructed for the purpose of harnessing the waters released from large-scale dams and HEPPs.
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water-level and seismicity rate are anti-correlated in this dam, which is explained by the stabilization effect of the gravitational induced stress imposed by water loading on the local faults. The overall effective stress in the seismogenic zone increased over decades due to pore-pressure diffusion, explaining the enhanced background seismicity during recent years.
528:(11,600 cu ft/s), which makes one-third of the total flow of the Euphrates. The tunnels are the largest in the world, in terms of length and flow rate, built for irrigation purposes. The first tunnel was completed in 1995 and the other in 1996. The reservoir behind the dam will irrigate another 406,000 ha by pumping for a total of 882,000 ha.
590:, but nothing is contributed further downstream in Iraq. In general, the stream varies greatly in its flow from season to season and year to year. As an example, the annual flow at the border with Syria ranged from 15.3 km (3.7 cu mi) in 1961 to 42.7 km (10.2 cu mi) in 1963.
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is being irrigated via gravity-flow with water diverted from the Atatürk Dam through the Şanlıurfa
Tunnels system, which consists of two parallel tunnels, each 26.4 km (16.4 mi) long and 7.62 m (25.0 ft) in diameter. The flow rate of water through the tunnels is about 328 m/s
621:
5.1 occurred in the town of Samsat near the Atatürk
Reservoir in 2017 and 2018, respectively. The spatio-temporal evolution of seismicity and its source properties in relation to the temporal water-level variations and the stresses resulting from surface loading and pore-pressure diffusion shows the
434:
The rock-fill dam undergoes deformations that are regularly and systematically monitored since 1990 with different types of sensors. It is estimated that the central portion of the dam crest has settled by around 7 m (23 ft) since the end of the construction. Settlement of the dam crest up
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The Atatürk Dam and the Şanlıurfa Tunnel system are two major components of the GAP project. Irrigation started in the Harran Plain in the spring of 1995. The impact of the irrigation on the economy of the region is significant. In ninety percent of the irrigated area, cotton is planted. Irrigation
415:
The initial development project for the southeastern region of Turkey was presented in 1970. As the objectives for regional development have changed significantly and the ambitions have grown in the 1970s, the original plan underwent major modifications. The most important change in the project was
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During the periods of low demand for electricity, only one of the eight units of the HEPP is in operation while in times of high demand, all the eight units are in operation. Hence, depending upon the energy demand and the state of the interconnected system, the amount of water to be released from
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One of the most important legal texts on the waters of the
Euphrates-Tigris river system is the protocol annexed to the 1946 Treaty of Friendship and Good Neighborly Relations between Iraq and Turkey. The protocol provided the control and management of the Euphrates and the Tigris depending to a
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Mid-January 1990, when the first phase of the dam was completed, Turkey held back the flow of the
Euphrates entirely for a month to begin filling up the reservoir. Turkey had notified Syria and Iraq by November 1989 of her decision to fill the reservoir over a period of one month explaining the
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due to the GAP development. Both countries allege that Turkey is intentionally withholding supplies from its downstream neighbors, turning water into a weapon. Turkey denies these claims, and insists it has always supplied its southern neighbors with the promised minimum of 500 m/s
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Some 10 towns and 156 villages of three provinces are located around the Lake Atatürk Dam. The lake provides a fisheries and recreation site. For transportation purposes, several ferries have been operated in the reservoir. The reservoir lake is called "sea" by local people.
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expansion within the Harran plains also increased
Southeastern Anatolia's cotton production from 164,000 to 400,000 metric tons in 2001, or nearly sixty percent. With almost 50% share of the country's cotton production, the region developed to the leader in Turkey.
430:
began in 1985 and was completed in 1987. The fill work for the main dam lasted from 1987 to 1990. The Atatürk Dam, listed in international construction publications as the world's largest construction site, was completed in a world record time of around 50 months.
477:). The power plant's first two power units came on line in 1992 and it became fully operational in December 1993. The HEPP can generate 8,900 GWh of electricity annually. Its capacity makes up around one third of the total capacity of the GAP project.
598:
technical reasons and providing a detailed program for making up for the losses. The downstream neighbors protested vehemently. At this point, the Atatürk Dam has cut the flow from the
Euphrates by about a third.
435:
to 4.3 m (14 ft) has been measured since the start of the detailed geodetic monitoring in 1992. The maximum horizontal (radial) deformation measured is about 2.9 m (9.5 ft).
606:(18,000 cu ft/s). It argues that Iraq and Syria in fact benefit from the regulated water by the dams as they protect all three riparian countries from seasonal droughts and floods.
570:
in 1994. Since then, it varies between 526 and 537 m amsl. The full reservoir level is 542 m (1,778 ft), and the minimum operation level is 526 m (1,726 ft) amsl.
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The dam embankment is 169 m high (554 ft) and 1,820 m long (5,970 ft). The hydroelectric power plant (HEPP) has a total installed power capacity of 2,400
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respectively. The up to 7.25-metre-diameter (23.8 ft) steel pressure pipes (penstocks) with a total weight of 26.600 tons were supplied and installed by the German
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558:, extending over an area of 817 km (315 sq mi) with a water volume of 48.7 km (63,400 million cu yd), ranks third in size in Turkey after
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abandoning the Middle
Karababa Dam design, and adopting the design of the Atatürk Dam to increase the storage and power generation capacities of the dam.
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and the rehabilitation work for the post-tensioning of the dam crest with ground anchors by
Vorspann System Losinger International (VSL).
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Dolsar
Engineering and ATA Construction, two prominent Turkish companies, signed for the building of the dam. The construction of the
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Büyükakpınar, Pınar; Cesca, Simone; Hainzl, Sebastian; Jamalreyhani, Mohammadreza; Heimann, Sebastian; Dahm, Torsten (2021-06-14).
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Brismar, Anna (2002). "The Atatürk Dam project in south-east Turkey: Changes in objectives and planning over time".
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The HEPP of the Atatürk Dam is the biggest of a series of 19 power plants of the GAP project. It consists of eight
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365:. The Atatürk Dam, one of the five operational dams on the Euphrates as of 2008, was preceded by
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1262:"An Institutional Framework for Facilitating Cooperation in the Euphrates-Tigris River Basin"
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Department of International Relations, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
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Reverse of the 1 million Turkish lira banknote, depicting the Atatürk Dam (1995–2005).
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Announcement on the Withdrawal of E8 New Turkish Lira Banknotes from Circulation
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1348:"Reservoir-Triggered Earthquakes Around the Atatürk Dam (Southeastern Turkey)"
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310:. The construction began in 1983 and was completed in 1990. The dam and the
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Originating in the mountains of eastern Anatolia and flowing southwards to
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1106:"Southeastern Anatolia Becomes a Major Cotton Producing Region for Turkey"
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dams downstream. Two more dams on the river have been under construction.
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1197:"Fishes Caught in Bozova Region of Atatürk Dam Lake and Their Production"
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Istanbul Atatürk International Airport (International services terminal)
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banknotes of 1995–2005 and of the 1 new lira banknote of 2005–2009.
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Nearly 4,760 km (1,840 sq mi) of arable land in the
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AQUASTAT - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
835:. Banknote Museum: 7. Emission Group - One Million Turkish Lira -
392:
electricity annually. The total cost of the dam project was about
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566:. The reservoir water level touched 535 m (1,755 ft)
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the HEPP might vary between 200 and 2,000 m/s in one day.
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87:
887:. Banknote Museum: 8. Emission Group - One New Turkish Lira -
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998:"Structurae International Database and Gallery of Structures"
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Faculty of Arts and Sciences Building in Istanbul University
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Landsat7 image of post-Atatürk Dam, Harran (August 24, 2002)
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Landsat4 image of pre-Atatürk Dam, Harran (August 20, 1983)
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BTC (Baku-Tiflis-Ceyhan) pipeline and Yumurtalık terminal
341:, Şanlıurfa Province, on state road D-875 from Bozova to
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The dam is situated 23 km (14 mi) northwest of
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About 90% of Euphrates' total annual flow originates in
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U.S. Dept of Agriculture - Foreign Agricultural Service
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U.S. Dept of Agriculture - Foreign Agricultural Service
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345:. Centerpiece of the 22 dams on the Euphrates and the
629:
4551:Power stations projected or under construction in
1210:(1–2). Ege University Press: 65–69. Archived from
739:S. Malla; M. Wieland; R. Straubhaar (2006-10-17).
702:Landsat7 image of the Atatürk Dam (March 27, 2000)
4743:Antalya Airport (International services terminal)
1500:
953:
951:
461:and generator groups of 300 MW each, supplied by
4862:
1204:E.U. Journal of Fisheries & Aquatic Sciences
1194:
745:International Water Power & Dam Construction
959:"Hydroelectric Power Plants in Southern Turkey"
349:, which comprise the integrated, multi-sector,
206:48,700,000,000 m (39,500,000 acre⋅ft)
4677:ODTÜ (Middle East Technical University campus)
1407:
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601:Syria and Iraq claim to be suffering severe
452:
1323:"Turkish Water Project: Curse or Blessing?"
1314:
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1078:Vital Facts:Water Resources and Middle East
1026:Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress
1016:
910:, 8 May 2007. – Retrieved on 20 April 2009.
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1297:"Water May Be Next Flashpoint In Mideast"
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4600:Fifty civil engineering feats in Turkey
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586:, while the remaining part is added in
280:zoned rock-fill dam with a central core
4881:Hydroelectric power stations in Turkey
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913:
878:Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey
826:Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey
445:work was carried out by subcontractor
4830:Erdemir (Ereğli Iron and Steel Plant)
4789:Oymapınar Dam and Hydroelectric plant
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1167:"Turkey - GAP's Irrigation Component"
1159:
1148:from the original on 27 February 2008
808:from the original on 19 December 2007
796:
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252:8,900 gigawatt-hours (32,000 TJ)
4779:Karakaya Dam and Hydroelectric Plant
1242:from the original on 26 January 2008
1095:
725:
4784:Atatürk Dam and Hydroelectric plant
3483:Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP)
1321:De Châtel, Francesca (2003-01-14).
334:), is the third largest in Turkey.
51:
13:
4692:Istanbul Atatürk Olimpiyat Stadium
1336:
1195:Duman, Erdal; Ahmet Çelik (2001).
1074:"The Tigris & Euphrates Basin"
791:
361:, known as GAP), it is one of the
14:
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4901:Water politics in the Middle East
4774:Keban Dam and Hydroelectric Plant
4697:Istanbul Galleria Shopping Center
1391:
535:
214:817 km (315 sq mi)
59:Location of Atatürk Dam in Turkey
16:Dam in Şanlıurfa-Adıyaman, Turkey
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306:(1881–1938), the founder of the
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4794:Lower Seyhan Irrigation Project
4723:75th Anniversary Selatin Tunnel
4657:Anıtkabir (Atatürk's Mausoleum)
1253:
868:. – Retrieved on 20 April 2009.
322:created behind the dam, called
990:
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609:Two damaging earthquakes of M
373:dams upstream and followed by
1:
4891:Southeastern Anatolia Project
4804:Yeşilçay Drinking Water Plant
4672:AKM (Atatürk Cultural Center)
4631:Southeastern Anatolia Project
1502:Dams and reservoirs in Turkey
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351:Southeastern Anatolia Project
4799:Şanlıurfa Irrigation Tunnels
4702:Kızılay Emek Business Center
3440:Hydroelectric power stations
1112:. 2001-08-28. Archived from
399:The dam was depicted on the
296:Southeastern Anatolia Region
183:1,819 m (5,968 ft)
7:
4896:Dams on the Euphrates River
625:
403:of the Turkish one-million-
316:State Hydraulic Works (DSİ)
151:State Hydraulic Works (DSİ)
10:
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4921:Crossings of the Euphrates
4871:Dams in Şanlıurfa Province
4707:Istanbul İş Bankası Towers
4687:Istanbul Abdi İpekçi Arena
4667:TBMM (Parliament Building)
4246:Istanbul Waste Power Plant
1352:Frontiers in Earth Science
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359:Güney Doğu Anadolu Projesi
4876:Dams in Adıyaman Province
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4508:List of active coal-fired
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2062:
1757:
1746:
1508:
1445:
1439:
1421:
1416:
1373:10.3389/feart.2021.663385
1022:"Turkey: A Country Study"
453:Hydroelectric power plant
312:hydroelectric power plant
278:in the world and it is a
246:
236:
223:
218:
210:
202:
192:
187:
179:
171:
161:
156:
146:
138:
130:
93:
75:
67:
38:
26:
21:
3884:Power stations in Turkey
1427:Nissibi Euphrates Bridge
741:"Monitoring Atatürk Dam"
676:Nissibi Euphrates Bridge
175:169 m (554 ft)
4682:Ankara 19 Mayıs Stadium
4652:Mersin Halkevi Building
4536:Unimar Marmara Ereğlisi
942:10.1111/1477-8947.00011
922:Natural Resources Forum
906:April 22, 2009, at the
668:Renewable energy portal
578:Geostrategic importance
286:River on the border of
238:Installed capacity
131:Construction began
4911:Dams completed in 1992
4906:Syria–Turkey relations
4733:15 July Martyrs Bridge
4647:Ankara railway station
776:. 2008. Archived from
551:
493:
423:
410:
358:
331:
267:
248:Annual generation
774:State Hydraulic Works
549:
492:
467:ABB Asea Brown Boveri
422:
304:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
115:37.48167°N 38.31750°E
4886:Irrigation in Turkey
1398:GAP official website
1260:Kibaroğlu, Ayşegül.
388:and generates 8,900
363:world's largest dams
4223:Greenway CSP Mersin
1364:2021FrEaS...9..353B
934:2002NRF....26..101B
203:Total capacity
111: /
4330:– 1800 MW proposed
3065:Kalecik (Osmaniye)
1018:Chapin Metz, Helen
984:"Solétanche Bachy"
894:2012-02-29 at the
883:2009-06-15 at the
864:2012-02-29 at the
853:2012-02-29 at the
842:2012-02-29 at the
831:2009-06-15 at the
552:
494:
424:
332:Atatürk Baraj Gölü
292:Şanlıurfa Province
270:), originally the
120:37.48167; 38.31750
4858:
4857:
4850:Turkey portal
4559:
4558:
4545:
4544:
4307:
4306:
3850:
3849:
3685:
3684:
3664:Turkey portal
3448:
3447:
2508:Boztepe (Malatya)
1468:
1467:
1463:
1462:
1408:Crossings of the
556:Atatürk Reservoir
542:Atatürk Reservoir
324:Atatürk Reservoir
288:Adıyaman Province
276:third largest dam
256:
255:
211:Surface area
197:Atatürk Reservoir
157:Dam and spillways
139:Opening date
4928:
4916:Rock-filled dams
4848:
4847:
4846:
4626:Turkish Highways
4621:Turkish Railways
4598:
4597:
4586:
4579:
4572:
4563:
4562:
4346:Afşin-Elbistan A
4334:Afşin-Elbistan B
4327:Afşin-Elbistan C
4316:
4315:
3933:
3932:
3921:
3877:
3870:
3863:
3854:
3853:
3820:
3819:
3782:
3781:
3740:
3739:
3712:
3705:
3698:
3689:
3688:
3673:
3672:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3593:
3475:
3468:
3461:
3452:
3451:
3438:
3437:
3430:Dams by province
3428:
3427:
2567:Kalecik (Elazığ)
1752:
1495:
1488:
1481:
1472:
1471:
1456:
1455:
1434:
1433:
1419:
1404:
1403:
1386:
1385:
1375:
1343:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1318:
1312:
1311:
1309:
1308:
1293:
1287:
1286:
1284:
1283:
1277:
1271:. Archived from
1266:
1257:
1251:
1250:
1248:
1247:
1232:
1226:
1225:
1223:
1222:
1216:
1201:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1183:
1182:
1173:. Archived from
1163:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1134:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1121:
1102:
1093:
1092:
1090:
1089:
1080:. Archived from
1070:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1045:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1004:
994:
988:
987:
980:
974:
973:
971:
970:
961:. Archived from
955:
946:
945:
917:
911:
875:
869:
823:
817:
816:
814:
813:
798:
789:
788:
786:
785:
766:
760:
759:
757:
756:
747:. Archived from
736:
711:
699:
687:
670:
665:
664:
656:
651:
650:
642:
637:
636:
635:
523:plains in upper
465:Escher Wyss and
447:Solétanche Bachy
308:Turkish Republic
126:
125:
123:
122:
121:
116:
112:
109:
108:
107:
104:
54:
53:
47:
31:
19:
18:
4936:
4935:
4931:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4925:
4861:
4860:
4859:
4854:
4844:
4842:
4834:
4813:
4757:
4738:Kömürhan Bridge
4711:
4635:
4608:
4602:
4592:
4590:
4560:
4555:
4541:
4518:
4303:
4250:
4234:
4211:
3954:
3928:
3922:
3913:
3886:
3881:
3851:
3846:
3814:
3809:
3776:
3771:
3734:
3729:
3716:
3686:
3681:
3658:
3656:
3647:
3594:
3585:
3491:Euphrates Basin
3485:
3479:
3449:
3444:
3416:
3243:
3241:
3234:
2976:
2969:
2767:Çakmak (Edirne)
2698:
2691:
2459:
2457:
2450:
2067:
2065:
2058:
1849:Çakmak (Samsun)
1844:Boztepe (Tokat)
1760:
1753:
1744:
1511:
1504:
1499:
1469:
1464:
1453:
1451:
1450:Karababa Bridge
1449:
1443:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1412:
1394:
1389:
1344:
1337:
1328:
1326:
1319:
1315:
1306:
1304:
1295:
1294:
1290:
1281:
1279:
1275:
1264:
1258:
1254:
1245:
1243:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1220:
1218:
1214:
1199:
1193:
1189:
1180:
1178:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1151:
1149:
1136:
1135:
1128:
1119:
1117:
1104:
1103:
1096:
1087:
1085:
1072:
1071:
1062:
1053:
1051:
1047:
1046:
1039:
1030:
1028:
1015:
1011:
1002:
1000:
996:
995:
991:
982:
981:
977:
968:
966:
957:
956:
949:
918:
914:
908:Wayback Machine
899:
896:Wayback Machine
885:Wayback Machine
876:
872:
866:Wayback Machine
855:Wayback Machine
844:Wayback Machine
833:Wayback Machine
824:
820:
811:
809:
800:
799:
792:
783:
781:
768:
767:
763:
754:
752:
737:
726:
722:
715:
712:
703:
700:
691:
688:
666:
659:
652:
645:
638:
633:
631:
628:
620:
614:
603:water shortages
580:
544:
538:
487:
473:company (today
459:Francis turbine
455:
413:
396:1,250,000,000.
119:
117:
113:
110:
105:
102:
100:
98:
97:
63:
62:
61:
60:
57:
56:
55:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4934:
4924:
4923:
4918:
4913:
4908:
4903:
4898:
4893:
4888:
4883:
4878:
4873:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4852:
4839:
4836:
4835:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4821:
4819:
4815:
4814:
4812:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4765:
4763:
4759:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4753:Birecik Bridge
4750:
4745:
4740:
4735:
4730:
4725:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4643:
4641:
4637:
4636:
4634:
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4616:Ataköy Housing
4612:
4610:
4604:
4603:
4589:
4588:
4581:
4574:
4566:
4557:
4556:
4550:
4547:
4546:
4543:
4542:
4540:
4539:
4533:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4510:
4505:
4499:
4493:
4487:
4481:
4475:
4469:
4463:
4457:
4451:
4445:
4439:
4433:
4427:
4421:
4415:
4409:
4403:
4397:
4391:
4385:
4379:
4373:
4367:
4361:
4355:
4349:
4343:
4337:
4331:
4322:
4320:
4313:
4309:
4308:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4295:
4289:
4283:
4277:
4271:
4265:
4258:
4256:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4242:
4240:
4236:
4235:
4233:
4232:
4226:
4219:
4217:
4213:
4212:
4210:
4209:
4203:
4197:
4191:
4185:
4179:
4173:
4167:
4161:
4155:
4149:
4143:
4137:
4131:
4125:
4119:
4113:
4107:
4101:
4095:
4089:
4083:
4077:
4071:
4065:
4059:
4053:
4047:
4041:
4035:
4029:
4023:
4017:
4011:
4005:
3999:
3993:
3987:
3981:
3975:
3969:
3962:
3960:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3946:
3939:
3937:
3930:
3924:
3923:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3911:
3903:
3894:
3892:
3888:
3887:
3880:
3879:
3872:
3865:
3857:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3823:
3821:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3807:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3785:
3783:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3743:
3741:
3731:
3730:
3715:
3714:
3707:
3700:
3692:
3683:
3682:
3680:
3679:
3667:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3615:
3610:
3604:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3583:
3576:
3569:
3562:
3555:
3550:
3545:
3540:
3535:
3528:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3478:
3477:
3470:
3463:
3455:
3446:
3445:
3443:
3442:
3432:
3421:
3418:
3417:
3415:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3399:
3394:
3389:
3384:
3379:
3374:
3369:
3364:
3359:
3354:
3349:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3259:
3254:
3248:
3246:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3132:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3057:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3037:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2981:
2979:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2852:
2847:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2703:
2701:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2323:
2318:
2313:
2308:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2126:Aşağı Karaören
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2072:
2070:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2056:
2051:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2011:
2006:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1765:
1763:
1755:
1754:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1720:Topçam (Aydın)
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1682:
1677:
1672:
1667:
1662:
1657:
1652:
1647:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1607:
1602:
1597:
1592:
1587:
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1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1522:
1516:
1514:
1506:
1505:
1498:
1497:
1490:
1483:
1475:
1466:
1465:
1461:
1460:
1444:
1438:
1417:
1414:
1413:
1401:
1400:
1393:
1392:External links
1390:
1388:
1387:
1335:
1325:. Islam Online
1313:
1288:
1252:
1227:
1187:
1158:
1126:
1094:
1060:
1037:
1020:, ed. (1995).
1009:
989:
975:
947:
928:(2): 101–112.
912:
870:
818:
790:
761:
723:
721:
718:
717:
716:
713:
706:
704:
701:
694:
692:
689:
682:
679:
678:
672:
671:
657:
643:
627:
624:
616:
610:
579:
576:
540:Main article:
537:
536:Reservoir lake
534:
486:
483:
454:
451:
412:
409:
268:Atatürk Barajı
254:
253:
250:
244:
243:
240:
234:
233:
227:
221:
220:
216:
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208:
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136:
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132:
128:
127:
95:
91:
90:
77:
73:
72:
69:
65:
64:
58:
49:
48:
42:
41:
40:
39:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4933:
4922:
4919:
4917:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4899:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4887:
4884:
4882:
4879:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4868:
4866:
4851:
4841:
4840:
4837:
4831:
4828:
4826:
4823:
4822:
4820:
4816:
4810:
4809:Mersin Harbor
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4766:
4764:
4760:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4720:
4718:
4714:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4644:
4642:
4638:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4613:
4611:
4605:
4601:
4596:
4587:
4582:
4580:
4575:
4573:
4568:
4567:
4564:
4554:
4548:
4537:
4534:
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4515:– now museums
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4448:Şırnak Silopi
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3959:Hydroelectric
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3412:Upper Kaleköy
3410:
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3252:Lower Kaleköy
3250:
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3075:Karacaören II
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2975:Mediterranean
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2860:İkizcetepeler
2858:
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2024:Topçam (Ordu)
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1365:
1361:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1342:
1340:
1324:
1317:
1302:
1298:
1292:
1278:on 2007-08-24
1274:
1270:
1263:
1256:
1241:
1237:
1231:
1217:on 2008-10-03
1213:
1209:
1205:
1198:
1191:
1177:on 2008-10-13
1176:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1133:
1131:
1116:on 2007-08-13
1115:
1111:
1107:
1101:
1099:
1084:on 2011-07-23
1083:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1067:
1065:
1050:
1049:"Tourism net"
1044:
1042:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1013:
999:
993:
985:
979:
965:on 2008-01-11
964:
960:
954:
952:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
916:
909:
905:
902:
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890:
886:
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879:
874:
867:
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860:
856:
852:
849:
845:
841:
838:
834:
830:
827:
822:
807:
803:
797:
795:
780:on 2014-07-02
779:
775:
771:
770:"Atatürk Dam"
765:
751:on 2007-10-25
750:
746:
742:
735:
733:
731:
729:
724:
710:
705:
698:
693:
686:
681:
680:
677:
674:
673:
669:
663:
658:
655:
649:
644:
641:
640:Turkey portal
630:
623:
619:
613:
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569:
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397:
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364:
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348:
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329:
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321:
317:
313:
309:
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297:
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289:
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281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
251:
249:
245:
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235:
232:
228:
226:
222:
219:Power Station
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
198:
195:
191:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
167:
164:
160:
155:
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149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
124:
96:
92:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
70:
68:Official name
66:
46:
37:
30:
25:
20:
4783:
4728:Ankara Metro
4552:
4364:İsken Sugözü
4358:Emba Hunutlu
4325:
4158:Devecikonağı
4043:
3905:
3897:
3756:
3674:
3655:
3600:Tigris Basin
3578:
3571:
3564:
3557:
3530:
3523:
3508:
3481:Dams of the
3256:
3240:Southeastern
3125:Kavşak Bendi
3070:Karacaören I
2807:Devecikonağı
2757:Büyükçekmece
2562:Hınıs Başköy
2004:Ondokuzmayıs
1949:Kirazlıköprü
1944:Kızılcapınar
1919:Hasan Uğurlu
1446:
1440:
1422:
1355:
1351:
1327:. Retrieved
1316:
1305:. Retrieved
1303:. 1992-03-26
1300:
1291:
1280:. Retrieved
1273:the original
1268:
1255:
1244:. Retrieved
1236:"Adıyamanlı"
1230:
1219:. Retrieved
1212:the original
1207:
1203:
1190:
1179:. Retrieved
1175:the original
1170:
1161:
1150:. Retrieved
1141:
1118:. Retrieved
1114:the original
1109:
1086:. Retrieved
1082:the original
1077:
1052:. Retrieved
1029:. Retrieved
1025:
1012:
1001:. Retrieved
992:
978:
967:. Retrieved
963:the original
925:
921:
915:
873:
821:
810:. Retrieved
782:. Retrieved
778:the original
773:
764:
753:. Retrieved
749:the original
744:
654:Water portal
617:
611:
608:
600:
596:
592:
581:
572:
553:
530:
506:
495:
479:
456:
437:
433:
425:
414:
398:
383:
336:
272:Karababa Dam
271:
259:
257:
231:Francis-type
4769:Çubuk-1 Dam
4609:development
4513:Silahtarağa
4484:Bolu Göynük
4472:18 Mart Çan
2885:Kızıldamlar
2019:Suat Uğurlu
1979:Kulaksızlar
1690:Seferihisar
1585:Çavdarhisar
1441:Atatürk Dam
859:III. Series
802:"ATA Group"
525:Mesopotamia
521:Ceylanpınar
260:Atatürk Dam
229:8 x 300 MW
147:Operator(s)
118: /
94:Coordinates
71:Atatürk Dam
33:Atatürk Dam
22:Atatürk Dam
4865:Categories
4430:Tufanbeyli
4418:Soma Kolin
4319:Coal-fired
4300:– 140.4 MW
4231:– 1,000 MW
4140:Demirköprü
4092:Burç Bendi
4046:– 2,400 MW
4008:Alpaslan-2
4002:Alpaslan-1
3936:Geothermal
3910:– 4,480 MW
3902:– 4,800 MW
3806:(proposed)
3312:Devegeçidi
3292:Burç Bendi
3205:Tahtaköprü
3105:Kayraktepe
3100:Kartalkaya
3095:Kadıncık 2
3090:Kadıncık 1
2920:Sarıbeyler
2880:Kırklareli
2870:Karaidemir
2762:Büyükorhan
2742:Bayramdere
2732:Babasultan
2647:Sultansuyu
2642:Seyrantepe
2637:Sarımehmet
2612:Palandöken
2537:Demirdöven
2493:Bağıştaş 2
2488:Bağıştaş 1
2478:Alpaslan-2
2473:Alpaslan-1
2426:Yahyasaray
2411:Süreyyabey
2386:Sarımsaklı
2331:Kurtboğazı
2311:Kesikköprü
2286:Kapulukaya
2231:Gelingüllü
2111:Altınhisar
2044:Vezirköprü
1894:Germeçtepe
1730:Yaylakavak
1650:Kayaboğazı
1625:Güzelhisar
1615:Gölmarmara
1595:Demirköprü
1530:Akdeğirmen
1447:Downstream
1358:: 663385.
1329:2008-02-03
1307:2008-02-02
1282:2008-02-08
1246:2008-02-03
1221:2008-02-04
1181:2008-02-03
1152:2008-02-02
1120:2008-02-03
1088:2008-02-02
1054:2008-02-02
1031:2008-02-02
1003:2008-02-02
969:2008-02-02
848:II. Series
812:2008-02-02
784:2008-02-02
755:2008-02-02
720:References
615:5.5 and M
485:Irrigation
440:permeation
106:38°19′03″E
103:37°28′54″N
4762:Hydrology
4716:Transport
4640:Buildings
4532:- 1540 MW
4523:Gas-fired
4496:Çolakoğlu
4478:Çatalağzı
4454:Tunçbilek
4412:Seyitömer
4384:– 1200 MW
4378:– 1200 MW
4372:– 1230 MW
4366:– 1308 MW
4360:– 1320 MW
4354:– 1320 MW
4348:– 1355 MW
4342:– 1400 MW
4336:– 1440 MW
4280:Dağpazarı
4276:– 47.5 MW
4229:Karapınar
4188:Gökçekaya
4098:Çamlıgöze
4094:– 27.9 MW
4014:Altınkaya
3992:– 265.5 M
3949:Kızıldere
3927:Renewable
3727:Euphrates
3559:Çataltepe
3342:Hacıhıdır
3297:Çetintepe
3277:Beyhan II
3225:Yayladağı
3180:Oymapınar
3160:Nergizlik
3130:Korkuteli
3115:Kılavuzlu
3085:Karamanlı
3045:Çayboğazı
3030:Birkapılı
2930:Sultanköy
2925:Sazlıdere
2895:Koyuntepe
2890:Kirazdere
2875:Kayalıköy
2846:Hamzadere
2722:Atikhisar
2712:Altınyazı
2667:Uzunçayır
2622:Pazaryolu
2532:Çocuktepe
2446:Yeşilburç
2436:Yapıaltın
2391:Sarıoğlan
2336:Kuzfındık
2326:Kunduzlar
2316:Kılıçkaya
2291:Karacalar
2251:Güldürcek
2241:Gökçekaya
2216:Eğrekkaya
2201:Derebucak
2166:Çamlıgöze
2161:Çamlıdere
2151:Beylikova
2054:Yenihayat
2009:Saraydüzü
1969:Köprübaşı
1934:Karaçomak
1789:Altınkaya
1759:Black Sea
1665:Kureyşler
1645:Kavakdere
1580:Çaltıkoru
1410:Euphrates
1382:2296-6463
889:I. Series
837:I. Series
509:Şanlıurfa
475:DSD NOELL
428:cofferdam
320:reservoir
284:Euphrates
274:, is the
188:Reservoir
166:Euphrates
80:Şanlıurfa
4818:Industry
4607:Regional
4538:– 480 MW
4504:– 160 MW
4498:– 190 MW
4492:– 210 MW
4490:Orhaneli
4486:– 270 MW
4480:– 315 MW
4474:– 320 MW
4468:– 330 MW
4462:– 350 MW
4456:– 365 MW
4450:– 405 MW
4444:– 405 MW
4438:– 420 MW
4432:– 450 MW
4426:– 457 MW
4420:– 510 MW
4414:– 600 MW
4408:– 620 MW
4406:Çayırhan
4402:– 630 MW
4396:– 653 MW
4394:Kemerköy
4390:– 990 MW
4294:– 174 MW
4270:– 135 MW
4264:– 193 MW
4206:Gürsöğüt
4200:Güllübağ
4190:– 278 MW
4184:– 159 MW
4172:– 300 MW
4166:– 110 MW
4154:– 670 MW
4118:– 100 MW
4116:Çınarcık
4112:– 405 MW
4106:– 169 MW
4088:– 513 MW
4082:– 300 MW
4076:– 672 MW
4070:– 510 MW
4058:– 160 MW
4050:Bahçelik
4034:– 138 MW
4032:Aslantaş
4028:– 340 MW
4022:– 237 MW
4016:– 700 MW
4010:– 280 MW
4004:– 160 MW
3984:Alaköprü
3974:– 115 MW
3966:Adıgüzel
3943:Gümüşköy
3837:Fallujah
3804:Halabiye
3767:Karkamış
3752:Karakaya
3723:barrages
3676:Category
3608:Kralkızı
3548:Büyükçay
3543:Sırımtaş
3532:Hancağız
3519:Karkamış
3504:Karakaya
3397:Sırımtaş
3377:Kralkızı
3372:Kirazlık
3362:Karkamış
3357:Karakaya
3347:Hancağız
3282:Beyyurdu
3272:Beyhan I
3242:Anatolia
3230:Yedigöze
3215:Yapraklı
3210:Uluborlu
3155:Menzelet
3150:Mehmetli
3145:Manavgat
3135:Kozağacı
3000:Aslantaş
2995:Alaköprü
2850:Hasanağa
2842:Günyurdu
2827:Gökçeada
2817:Elmalı-2
2802:Demirtaş
2792:Darıdere
2782:Çınarcık
2777:Çaygören
2752:Boğazköy
2747:Bayramiç
2627:Pembelik
2602:Morgedik
2587:Koçköprü
2572:Kapıkaya
2557:Gülbahar
2547:Erzincan
2458:Anatolia
2416:Tatlarin
2401:Sıddıklı
2346:Maksutlu
2266:Hirfanlı
2261:Gürsöğüt
2256:Gümüşler
2146:Bayındır
2141:Bahçelik
2131:Ayhanlar
2121:Asartepe
2106:Altınapa
2066:Anatolia
2014:Sarayözü
1954:Koçhisar
1939:Karadere
1924:Hasanlar
1904:Güllübağ
1864:Demirözü
1829:Bezirgan
1819:Belpınar
1740:Yortanlı
1735:Yenidere
1705:Seyitler
1700:Sevişler
1680:Mumcular
1675:Marmaris
1670:Küçükler
1640:Karacasu
1635:İkizdere
1610:Gökpınar
1560:Beşkarış
1520:Adıgüzel
1423:Upstream
1240:Archived
1146:Archived
1138:"Turkey"
904:Archived
892:Archived
881:Archived
862:Archived
851:Archived
840:Archived
829:Archived
806:Archived
626:See also
564:Lake Tuz
560:Lake Van
443:grouting
379:Karkamış
377:and the
371:Karakaya
343:Adıyaman
242:2,400 MW
225:Turbines
162:Impounds
84:Adıyaman
76:Location
4553:italics
4502:ZETES-1
4460:İzdemir
4436:Yeniköy
4400:Yatağan
4382:Bekirli
4370:ZETES-2
4340:ZETES-3
4288:– 33 MW
4282:– 39 MW
4208:−242 MW
4202:– 96 MW
4196:– 11 MW
4182:Gezende
4178:– 49 MW
4170:Ermenek
4160:– 29 MW
4152:Deriner
4148:– 58 MW
4146:Derbent
4142:– 69 MW
4136:−240 MW
4130:– 47 MW
4124:– 29 MW
4122:Cindere
4104:Çatalan
4100:– 33 MW
4086:Boyabat
4074:Birecik
4064:– 10 MW
4044:Atatürk
3998:– 27 MW
3990:Alkumru
3986:– 26 MW
3980:– 13 MW
3972:Akköprü
3968:– 62 MW
3951:– 95 MW
3945:– 13 MW
3891:Nuclear
3842:Hindiya
3827:Haditha
3789:Tishrin
3762:Birecik
3757:Atatürk
3725:on the
3573:Kayacık
3566:Gömikan
3525:Çamgazi
3514:Birecik
3509:Atatürk
3407:Uludere
3367:Kayacık
3327:Erkenek
3322:Dumluca
3287:Birecik
3257:Atatürk
3220:Yarseli
3200:Sücüllü
3120:Kızılsu
3080:Karaçal
3055:Gezende
3035:Çatalan
3015:Belkaya
3010:Bademli
2985:Adatepe
2960:Umurbey
2955:Topuzlu
2940:Taşoluk
2935:Süloğlu
2865:Kadıköy
2832:Gölbaşı
2812:Doğancı
2737:Bakacak
2727:Ayvacık
2717:Armağan
2697:Marmara
2682:Yoncalı
2542:Dilimli
2517:Çamgazi
2503:Bayburt
2483:Arpaçay
2468:Alkumru
2456:Eastern
2396:Sarıyar
2371:Musaözü
2366:Murtaza
2351:Mamasın
2341:Kültepe
2296:Karaova
2276:İmranlı
2221:Gazibey
2211:Ermenek
2196:Deliçay
2186:Çubuk-2
2181:Çubuk-1
2171:Çatören
2136:Ayrancı
2086:Akhasan
2081:Ağcaşar
2076:4 Eylül
2064:Central
2049:Yedikır
1994:Muratlı
1959:Koruluk
1914:Güzelce
1889:Erfelek
1884:Dodurga
1879:Derinöz
1874:Deriner
1869:Derbent
1839:Boyabat
1715:Tahtalı
1695:Selevir
1685:Örenler
1575:Cindere
1550:Balçova
1545:Alaçatı
1540:Akköprü
1535:Akgedik
1360:Bibcode
930:Bibcode
401:reverse
375:Birecik
355:Turkish
328:Turkish
294:in the
282:on the
264:Turkish
193:Creates
4424:Kangal
4312:Fossil
4262:Aliağa
4225:– 6 MW
4176:Garzan
4080:Borçka
4062:Berdan
4056:Batman
4052:– 7 MW
4040:– 5 MW
4026:Artvin
3929:energy
3899:Akkuyu
3832:Ramadi
3638:Garzan
3633:Kayser
3628:Silvan
3618:Batman
3580:Kemlin
3538:Koçali
3402:Şırnak
3392:Silvan
3387:Silopi
3332:Garzan
3262:Batman
3244:Region
3195:Sorgun
3185:Seyhan
3175:Otluca
3170:Onaç-2
3165:Onaç-1
3060:Göktaş
3040:Çavdır
3020:Berdan
3005:Ayvalı
2990:Alakır
2977:Region
2965:Valide
2950:Terkos
2945:Tayfur
2915:Ömerli
2905:Manyas
2855:Havran
2797:Darlık
2772:Çamköy
2707:Alibey
2699:Region
2687:Zernek
2677:Yedisu
2672:Yazıcı
2662:Tercan
2617:Patnos
2607:Özlüce
2592:Kuzgun
2527:Çıldır
2498:Başköy
2460:Region
2441:Yenice
2431:Yamula
2421:Uzunlu
2381:Porsuk
2361:Mursal
2321:Kovalı
2306:Kaymaz
2271:İbrala
2246:Gölova
2226:Gebere
2206:Doyduk
2156:Bozkır
2091:Akkaya
2068:Region
2039:Uluköy
2029:Tortum
1989:Laleli
1984:Kürtün
1899:Gölköy
1834:Borçka
1824:Beyler
1814:Artvin
1794:Ataköy
1761:Region
1725:Ürkmez
1660:Kestel
1630:Işıklı
1620:Gördes
1570:Buldan
1565:Beydağ
1512:Region
1510:Aegean
1380:
1301:Senate
857:&
584:Turkey
517:Mardin
513:Harran
463:Sulzer
347:Tigris
339:Bozova
318:. The
300:Turkey
180:Length
172:Height
88:Turkey
4530:Gebze
4466:Çan-2
4376:Atlas
4352:Cenal
4292:Şamlı
4274:Çanta
4268:Bahçe
4239:Waste
4216:Solar
4194:Gönen
4164:Dicle
4134:Cizre
4110:Çetin
4068:Berke
4038:Atasu
4020:Arkun
3996:Almus
3907:Sinop
3799:Baath
3794:Tabqa
3747:Keban
3643:Cizre
3623:Ilısu
3613:Dicle
3553:Kahta
3499:Keban
3352:Ilısu
3337:Göksu
3317:Dicle
3307:Cizre
3302:Çetin
3267:Balli
3140:Kozan
3110:Köprü
3025:Berke
2900:Madra
2837:Gönen
2822:Gökçe
2787:Çokal
2657:Tatar
2652:Sürgü
2632:Polat
2597:Medik
2577:Keban
2406:Sille
2301:Kargı
2281:İvriz
2236:Gödet
2191:Damsa
2176:Çoğun
2101:Akyar
2096:Akköy
2034:Torul
1999:Obruk
1964:Kozlu
1929:Hatap
1909:Gülüç
1859:Çorum
1854:Çatak
1809:Arkun
1799:Atasu
1779:Almus
1774:Alaca
1769:Akçay
1710:Söğüt
1655:Kemer
1605:Geyik
1555:Bayır
1525:Afşar
1458:D.875
1436:D.360
1276:(PDF)
1265:(PDF)
1215:(PDF)
1200:(PDF)
588:Syria
498:Syria
471:NOELL
367:Keban
4442:Biga
4388:Soma
4298:Soma
4255:Wind
4128:Çine
3978:Aksu
3721:and
3719:Dams
3382:Seve
2582:Kığı
2552:Gayt
2376:Özen
1974:Köse
1804:Aksu
1784:Alpu
1600:Enne
1590:Çine
1378:ISSN
568:amsl
562:and
554:The
515:and
502:Iraq
500:and
438:The
405:lira
394:US$
390:GW·h
369:and
290:and
258:The
142:1992
134:1983
4286:Mut
3190:Sır
3050:Dim
2910:New
2522:Çat
2512:Cip
2356:May
2116:Apa
1368:doi
938:doi
411:Dam
298:of
4867::
2510:•
1376:.
1366:.
1354:.
1350:.
1338:^
1299:.
1267:.
1238:.
1208:18
1206:.
1202:.
1169:.
1144:.
1140:.
1129:^
1108:.
1097:^
1076:.
1063:^
1040:^
1024:.
950:^
936:.
926:26
924:.
846:,
804:.
793:^
772:.
743:.
727:^
386:MW
357::
330::
266::
86:,
4585:e
4578:t
4571:v
3876:e
3869:t
3862:v
3711:e
3704:t
3697:v
3474:e
3467:t
3460:v
1494:e
1487:t
1480:v
1384:.
1370::
1362::
1356:9
1332:.
1310:.
1285:.
1249:.
1224:.
1184:.
1155:.
1123:.
1091:.
1057:.
1034:.
1006:.
986:.
972:.
944:.
940::
932::
898:.
815:.
787:.
758:.
618:w
612:w
519:-
511:-
353:(
326:(
262:(
82:-
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