Natural disaster - Knowledge

1589: 40: 1393: 484: 1139: 1373: 572: 596: 1364: 1384: 2217: 1936: 3530: 2348: 995: 2146: 2447: 1224: 1728: 911: 284:(FEMA) explains the relationship between natural disasters and natural hazards as follows: "Natural hazards and natural disasters are related but are not the same. A natural hazard is the threat of an event that will likely have a negative impact. A natural disaster is the negative impact following an actual occurrence of natural hazard in the event that it significantly harms a community. An example of the distinction between a natural hazard and a 777: 1010: 1836: 6829: 2061:, and measures of intensity and impact. These complexities result in "single-hazard" assessments being commonplace, where the hazard potential from one particular hazard type is constrained. In these examples, hazards are often treated as isolated or independent. An alternative is a "multi-hazard" approach which seeks to identify all possible natural hazards and their interactions or interrelationships. 1142: 1141: 1146: 1145: 1140: 1147: 1990: 1685: 1719:, becoming higher than usual, causing some of the water to escape its usual boundaries. While the size of a lake or other body of water will vary with seasonal changes in precipitation and snow melt, a flood is not considered significant unless the water covers land used by humans, such as a village, city or other inhabited area, roads or expanses of farmland. 1144: 1804:. It is characterized by strong winds, heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. The determining factor on which term is used is based on where the storm originates. In the Atlantic and Northeast Pacific, the term "hurricane" is used; in the Northwest Pacific, it is referred to as a "typhoon"; a "cyclone" occurs in the South Pacific and Indian Ocean. 759:

election. Indeed, some evidence, based on data from the United States, reveals that incumbent parties can lose votes if citizens perceives them as responsible for a poor disaster response or gain votes based on perceptions of well-executed relief work. The latter study also finds, however, that voters do not reward incumbent parties for

2428:(FEMA) proposed out a basic four-stage vision of preparedness flowing from mitigation to preparedness to response to recovery and back to mitigation in a circular planning process. This circular, overlapping model has been modified by other agencies, taught in emergency classes, and discussed in academic papers. 758:

Disasters stress government capacity, as the government tries to conduct routine as well as emergency operations. Some theorists of voting behavior propose that citizens update information about government effectiveness based on their response to disasters, which affects their vote choice in the next

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During and after natural disasters, routine health behaviors become interrupted. In addition, health care systems may have broken down as a result of the disaster, further reducing access to contraceptives. Unprotected intercourse during this time can lead to increased rates of childbirth, unintended

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washed up on the coasts of Canada and the United States in late 2011. Along the west coast of the United States, this increased the amount of litter by a factor of 10 and may have transported alien species. Storms are also important generators of plastic litter. A study by Lo et al. (2020) reported a

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The recovery phase starts after the immediate threat to human life has subsided. The immediate goal of the recovery phase is to bring the affected area back to normalcy as quickly as possible. During reconstruction, it is recommended to consider the location or construction material of the property.

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DRR activities are part of the national strategies and budget planning in most countries. However the priorities for DRR are often lower than for other development priorities. This has an impact on public sector budget allocations. For many countries, less than 1% of the national budget is available

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There are some challenges for successful DRR. Local communities and organisations should be actively involved in the planning process. The role and funding of local government needs to be considered. Also, DRR strategies should be mindful of gender aspects. For example, studies have shown that women

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Avalanches occur in two general forms, or combinations thereof: slab avalanches made of tightly packed snow, triggered by a collapse of an underlying weak snow layer, and loose snow avalanches made of looser snow. After being set off, avalanches usually accelerate rapidly and grow in mass and volume

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for nearly 45 years. As waste collection services are underfunded and there is no recycling facility, plastics have flooded the camps’ streets and surroundings. In contrast, the Azraq camp in Jordan for refugees from Syria has waste management services; of 20.7 tonnes of waste produced per day, 15%

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A fire storm is characterized by strong to gale force winds blowing toward the fire everywhere around the fire perimeter and results from the rising column of hot gases over an intense, mass fire drawing in the cool air from the periphery. These winds blow the fire brands into the burning area and

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less likely to happen. The approach, also called DRR or disaster risk management, also aims to make disasters less damaging when they do occur. DRR aims to make communities stronger and better prepared to handle disasters. In technical terms, it aims to make them more resilient or less vulnerable.

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reduced the human population to 10,000 or even 1,000 breeding pairs, creating a bottleneck in human evolution, and killed three-quarters of all plant life in the northern hemisphere. However, there is considerable debate regarding the veracity of this theory. The main danger from a supervolcano is

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Globally, the total number of deaths from natural disasters has been reduced by 75% over the last 100 years, due to the increased development of countries, increased preparedness, better education, better methods, and aid from international organizations. Since the global population has grown over

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year. 45% were meteorological (storms), 36% were hydrological (floods), 12% were climatological (heat waves, cold waves, droughts, wildfires) and 7% were geophysical events (earthquakes and volcanic eruptions). Between 1980 and 2011 geophysical events accounted for 14% of all natural catastrophes.

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Pregnant women are one of the groups disproportionately affected by natural disasters. Inadequate nutrition, little access to clean water, lack of health-care services and psychological stress in the aftermath of the disaster can lead to a significant increase in maternal morbidity and mortality.

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food packages were distributed although there was no operational waste management system. Over 700,000 plastic tarpaulins and 100,000 tents were required for emergency shelters. The increase in plastic waste, combined with poor disposal practices, resulted in open drainage channels being blocked,

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Between 1995 and 2015, the greatest number of natural disasters occurred in America, China and India. In 2012, there were 905 natural disasters worldwide, 93% of which were weather-related disasters. Overall costs were US$ 170 billion and insured losses $ 70 billion. 2012 was a moderate

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A tsunami (plural: tsunamis or tsunami; from Japanese: 津波, lit. "harbour wave"; English pronunciation: /tsuːˈnɑːmi/), also known as a seismic sea wave or tidal wave, is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a large lake.

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may form a cloud (generally after cooling) and settle thickly in nearby locations. When mixed with water, this forms a concrete-like material. In sufficient quantities, ash may cause roofs to collapse under its weight. Even small quantities will harm humans if inhaled – it has the consistency of

4436:. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 1055–1210, doi:10.1017/9781009157896.010. 621:

During emergencies such as natural disasters and armed conflicts more waste may be produced, while waste management is given low priority compared with other services. Existing waste management services and infrastructures can be disrupted, leaving communities with unmanaged waste and increased

430:. Nature alone is blamed for disasters even when disasters result from failures in development. Disasters also result from failure of societies to prepare. Examples for such failures include inadequate building norms, marginalization of people, inequities, overexploitation of resources, extreme 426:. But disasters can be avoided. Earthquakes, droughts, floods, storms, and other events lead to disasters because of human action and inaction. Poor land and policy planning and deregulation can create worse conditions. They often involve development activities that ignore or fail to reduce the 2276:

Spending on DRR is difficult to quantify for many countries. Global estimates of costs are therefore not available. However an indication of the costs for developing countries is given by the Us$ 215 billion to $ 387 billion per year (up to 2030) estimated costs for climate adaptation. DRR and

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Once a vulnerable population has experienced a disaster, the community can take many years to repair and that repair period can lead to further vulnerability. The disastrous consequences of natural disaster also affect the mental health of affected communities, often leading to post-traumatic

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Because of the social, political and cultural context of many places throughout the world, women are often disproportionately affected by disaster. In the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, more women died than men, partly due to the fact that fewer women knew how to swim. During and after a natural

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may increase the probability of landslides being generated in the future. A detailed review of such interactions across 21 natural hazards identified 90 possible interactions, of varying likelihood and spatial importance. There may also be interactions between these natural hazards and

1752:. Apart from the damage typically associated with storms, such as winds, hail and flooding, the lightning itself can damage buildings, ignite fires and kill by direct contact. Most deaths from lightning occur in the poorer countries of the Americas and Asia, where lightning is common and 453:

to describe disasters misleads people to think the devastating results are inevitable, out of our control, and are simply part of a natural process. Hazards (earthquakes, hurricanes, pandemics, drought etc.) are inevitable, but the impact they have on society is not.

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A sinkhole is a depression or hole in the ground caused by some form of collapse of the surface layer. When natural erosion, human mining or underground excavation makes the ground too weak to support the structures built on it, the ground can collapse and produce a

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is a physical process by which shorelines in coastal areas around the world shift and change, primarily in response to waves and currents that can be influenced by tides and storm surge. Coastal erosion can result from long-term processes (see also

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Natural hazards occur across different time scales as well as area scales. Tornadoes and flash floods are rapid onset events, meaning they occur with a short warning time and are short-lived. Slow onset events can also be very damaging, for example

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factors have contributed to this trend of increasing losses, such as population growth and increased wealth. This shows that increased exposure is the most important driver of economic losses. However, part of these are also due to human-induced

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Disaster risk reduction progress score for some countries in 2011. The score of 5 is best. Assessments include four indicators that reflect the degree to which countries have prioritised disaster risk reduction and the strengthening of relevant

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Global economic losses due to extreme weather, climate and water events are increasing. Costs have increased sevenfold from the 1970s to the 2010s. Direct losses from disasters have averaged above US$ 330 billion annually between 2015 and 2021.

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and girls are disproportionately impacted by disasters. A gender-sensitive approach would identify how disasters affect men, women, boys and girls differently. It would shape policy that addresses people's specific vulnerabilities and needs.

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refers to the actions taken directly before, during, or immediately after a disaster. The objective is to save lives, ensure health and safety, and meet the subsistence needs of the people affected. It includes warning and evacuation,

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Douville, H., K. Raghavan, J. Renwick, R.P. Allan, P.A. Arias, M. Barlow, R. Cerezo-Mota, A. Cherchi, T.Y. Gan, J. Gergis, D. Jiang, A. Khan, W. Pokam Mba, D. Rosenfeld, J. Tierney, and O. Zolina, 2021:

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ground glass and therefore causes laceration to the throat and lungs. Volcanic ash can also cause abrasion damage to moving machinery such as engines. The main killer of humans in the immediate surroundings of a volcanic eruption is

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Hartmann, Henrik; Bastos, Ana; Das, Adrian J.; Esquivel-Muelbert, Adriane; Hammond, William M.; Martínez-Vilalta, Jordi; McDowell, Nate G.; Powers, Jennifer S.; Pugh, Thomas A.M.; Ruthrof, Katinka X.; Allen, Craig D. (20 May 2022).

5327: 2258:. People from local communities, agencies or federal governments can all propose DRR strategies. DRR policies aim to "define goals and objectives across different timescales and with concrete targets, indicators and time frames." 2116:. For other types of natural hazard the calculation of risk is more challenging, principally because of the lack of functions linking the intensity of a hazard and the probability of different levels of damage (fragility curves). 3639: 3080:

Organization of American States, Department of Regional Development; Organization of American States, Natural Hazards Project; United States Agency for International Development, Office of Foreign Disaster Assistance (1990).

269:" itself is defined as follows: "Disasters are serious disruptions to the functioning of a community that exceed its capacity to cope using its own resources. Disasters can be caused by natural, man-made and technological 3456:

Weather and Climate Extreme Events in a Changing Climate. In Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate

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with transport, temporary shelter, and food. Or it can involve establishing semi-permanent settlements in camps and other locations. It may also involve initial repairs to damage to infrastructure, or diverting

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Bouwer, Laurens M. (2019), Mechler, Reinhard; Bouwer, Laurens M.; Schinko, Thomas; Surminski, Swenja (eds.), "Observed and Projected Impacts from Extreme Weather Events: Implications for Loss and Damage",

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Seneviratne, S.I., X. Zhang, M. Adnan, W. Badi, C. Dereczynski, A. Di Luca, S. Ghosh, I. Iskandar, J. Kossin, S. Lewis, F. Otto, I. Pinto, M. Satoh, S.M. Vicente-Serrano, M. Wehner, and B. Zhou, 2021:

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Brando, Paulo M.; Paolucci, Lucas; Ummenhofer, Caroline C.; Ordway, Elsa M.; Hartmann, Henrik; Cattau, Megan E.; Rattis, Ludmila; Medjibe, Vincent; Coe, Michael T.; Balch, Jennifer (30 May 2019).

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tornadoes can attain wind speeds of more than 480 km/h (300 mph), stretch more than 3 km (2 mi) across, and stay on the ground for perhaps more than 100 km (60 mi).

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and are increasingly vulnerable to sexual violence. Disrupted police enforcement, lax regulations, and displacement all contribute to increased risk of gender based violence and sexual assault.

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resulted in severe heat waves which killed over 2,000 people. The heat caused hundreds of wildfires which led to widespread air pollution and burned thousands of square kilometers of forest.

520:). The Asia-Pacific region is the world's most disaster prone region. A person in Asia-Pacific is five times more likely to be hit by a natural disaster than someone living in other regions. 441:

Defining disasters as solely natural events has serious implications when it comes to understanding the causes of a disaster and the distribution of political and financial responsibility in

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Preventive or mitigation measures vary for different types of disasters. In earthquake prone areas, these preventive measures might include structural changes such as the installation of an

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Hail is precipitation in the form of ice that does not melt before it hits the ground. Hailstorms are produced by thunderstorms. Hailstones usually measure between 5 and 150 mm (

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A natural disaster may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods and services, social and economic disruption, or environmental damage.

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There are many classification systems for the different forms of avalanches. Avalanches can be described by their size, destructive potential, initiation mechanism, composition, and

4257: 3515: 2333:. Emergency response aims to provide immediate help to keep people alive, improve their health and support their morale. It can involve specific but limited aid, such as helping 1908:

Most tornadoes have wind speeds of less than 180 km/h (110 mph), are approximately 75 m (250 ft) across, and travel a few kilometers before dissipating. The

1029:. At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by vibration, shaking, and sometimes displacement of the ground. Earthquakes are caused by slippage within geological 3332: 6448: 5463: 4405:

Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

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which attains such intensity that it creates and sustains its own wind system. It is most commonly a natural phenomenon, created during some of the largest bushfires and

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in managing the interconnected risks of natural hazards and climate hazards. Between 2007 and 2022, GFDRR provided $ 890 million in technical assistance, analytics, and

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Each of the natural hazard types outlined above have very different characteristics, in terms of the spatial and temporal scales they influence, hazard frequency and

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Haflidason, Haflidi; Sejrup, Hans Petter; Nygård, Atle; Mienert, Jurgen; Bryn, Petter; Lien, Reidar; Forsberg, Carl Fredrik; Berg, Kjell; Masson, Doug (2004-12-15).

2100:) should ideally include an examination of all relevant hazards and their interactions. To be of most use for risk reduction, hazard analysis should be extended to 1166:

may also be released during the eruption of a volcano; as it leaves the volcano, it can destroy buildings, plants and animals due to its extreme heat. In addition,

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defines a flood as a temporary covering of land that is usually dry with water. In the sense of 'flowing water', the word may also be applied to the inflow of the

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Conflicts can result in large-scale displacement of communities. People living under these conditions are often provided with minimal waste management facilities.

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occurs. The equipment and procedures can be used to reduce vulnerability to disaster, to mitigate the impacts of a disaster, or to respond more efficiently in an

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or other severe storm events. Coastal erosion is one of the most significant coastal hazards. It forms a threat to infrastructure, capital assets and property.

657:, the generation of waste from relief operations was referred to as a "second disaster". The United States military reported that millions of water bottles and 2182:

and breakables to the walls, and the addition of cabinet latches. In flood prone areas, houses can be built on stilts. In areas prone to prolonged electricity

4184:"Investigation on Farmland Abandonment of Terraced Slopes Using Multitemporal Data Sources Comparison and Its Implication on Hydro-Geomorphological Processes" 6491: 5877: 4378: 5481: 4853: 4429: 2625: 6486: 3776:"The responsibility of communicating difficult truths about climate influenced societal disruption and collapse: an introduction to psychological research" 2662: 1659:

experienced three days in a row of temperatures exceeding 40 °C (104 °F), with some regional areas sweltering through much higher temperatures.

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Some of the 18 natural hazards included in the National Risk Index of FEMA now have a higher probability of occurring, and at higher intensity, due to the

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symptoms. These increased emotional experiences can be supported through collective processing, leading to resilience and increased community engagement.

6453: 4766: 2285: 4824: 4466: 2846: 1041:. Earthquakes by themselves rarely kill people or wildlife – it is usually the secondary events that they trigger, such as building collapse, fires, 1981:

originated in the Gulf of Mexico and traveled north, causing damage in 26 American states as well as in Canada and leading to more than 300 deaths.

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and volcanic eruptions, that cause death. Many of these can possibly be avoided by better construction, safety systems, early warning and planning.

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that produce specific conditions that make a slope prone to failure. In many cases, the landslide is triggered by a specific event (such as a heavy

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foods and appropriate storage and preparation equipment, and eat the food as part of normal life. A simple balanced diet can be constructed from

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in Australia which led to a water supply crisis across much of the country. As a result, many desalination plants were built for the first time (

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Natural disasters (e.g. earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes) have the potential to generate a significant amount of waste within a short period.

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Gasper, John T.; Reeves, Andrew (April 2011). "Make It Rain? Retrospection and the Attentive Electorate in the Context of Natural Disasters".

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Nature, Tourism and Ethnicity as Drivers of (De)Marginalization: Insights to Marginality from Perspective of Sustainability and Development

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in the United States, which killed at least 1700 people. Another one is the 2009 Victorian bushfires in Australia (collectively known as "

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Many examples exist of one natural hazard triggering or increasing the probability of one or more other natural hazards. For example, an

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was already challenged in 1976. Human choices in architecture, fire risk, and resource management can cause or worsen natural disasters.

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are widely used to dispose of mixed wastes, including plastics. Air pollution can lead to respiratory and other illnesses. For example,

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lived under a drought emergency declaration for the entire calendar year and suffered severe economic losses. The drought caused the

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Furthermore, shortage of healthcare resources during this time can convert even routine obstetric complications into emergencies.

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is a period of drier-than-normal conditions. A drought can last for days, months or years. Drought often has large impacts on the

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Report of the open-ended intergovernmental expert working group on indicators and terminology relating to disaster risk reduction

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wherein the vulnerability of the built environment to each of the hazards is taken into account. This step is well developed for

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are angry with women's independent, freethinking behaviour, such as dressing 'immodestly', having sex or abortions. For example,

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describes the policy and practices for reducing the risk of human impacts of landslides, reducing the risk of natural disaster.

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Towards recognition and protection of forced environmental migrants in the public international law: Refugee or IDPs umbrella?

2649: 955:. Primarily composed of flowing snow and air, large avalanches have the capability to capture and move ice, rocks, and trees. 5922: 5408:"The Gendered Nature of Natural Disasters: The Impact of Catastrophic Events on the Gender Gap in Life Expectancy, 1981–2002" 4874: 4660: 4324: 3827: 3440: 3375: 2985: 2934: 2786: 1909: 3662: 3249: 2321:, providing immediate assistance, assessing damage, continuing assistance, and the immediate restoration or construction of 1269: 630: 6498: 5927: 4939: 3787: 2741: 2269:

is an international initiative that has helped 123 countries adopt both federal and local DRR strategies (as of 2022). The

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A heat wave is a period of unusually and excessively hot weather. Heat waves are rare and require specific combinations of

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and 6 in) in diameter. These can damage the location in which they fall. Hailstorms can be especially devastating to

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Report of the open-ended intergovernmental expert working group on indicators and terminology for disaster risk reduction

5223:"Reviewing and visualising relationships between anthropic processes and natural hazards within a multi-hazard framework" 2563: 2425: 2108:, where the possible effect of future earthquakes on structures and infrastructure is assessed, as well as for risk from 2022: 1977:, were the deadliest blizzards in history; in the former, an area the size of Wisconsin was entirely buried in snow. The 634: 610: 281: 4699: 4016: 6508: 6503: 5892: 5446: 5125: 5060: 4894: 4716:

tend to cool the unignited fuel outside so that ignition by radiated heat is more difficult, thus limiting fire spread.

4536: 3122: 1133: 947:, such as a hill or mountain. Avalanches can be triggered spontaneously, by factors such as increased precipitation or 187:

could be used. At the same time the type of hazard would be specified. A disaster happens when a natural or human-made

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systems can be out of action or curtailed, often requiring considerable time and funding to restore. For example, the

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The Report of the Midterm Review of the Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030.

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characterized by heavy snow and strong winds. When high winds stir up snow that has already fallen, it is known as a

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The Report of the Midterm Review of the Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030

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The Report of the Midterm Review of the Implementation of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030

2273:, on October 13 every year, has helped increase the visibility of DRR. It aims to promote a culture of prevention. 580:

the same time period, the decrease in number of deaths per capita is larger, dropping to 6% of the original amount.

4795: 4605:"Billion-Dollar Weather and Climate Disasters: Events | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI)" 4557:"Climate Change Risks to Global Forest Health: Emergence of Unexpected Events of Elevated Tree Mortality Worldwide" 5736: 4370: 4182:

Giacomo Pepe; Andrea Mandarino; Emanuele Raso; Patrizio Scarpellini; Pierluigi Brandolini; Andrea Cevasco (2019).

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and may last a year or more. Then recovery will take place inside the home. Planners for these events usually buy

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as they capture more snow. If an avalanche moves fast enough, some of the snow may mix with the air, forming a

830:. Landslides occur in a variety of environments, characterized by either steep or gentle slope gradients, from 4758: 1861:

is a violent and dangerous rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the Earth and a

5957: 4999: 4816: 4463: 3663:"Hate Mongers on Twitter Blamed Women, Beef, Muslims, Christians and Communism for Causing the Kerala Floods" 2709:"Beyond 'natural-disasters-are-not-natural': the work of state and nature after the 2010 earthquake in Chile" 2682: 2277:

climate adaptation share similar goals and strategies. They both require increased finance to address rising

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of property, and the securing of items inside a building. The latter may include the mounting of furniture,

7227: 6717: 6463: 6367: 3425:, Climate Risk Management, Policy and Governance, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 63–82, 3056: 1392: 723: 5509:"A proposal for the reconstruction of a historical masonry building constructed in Ottoman Era (Istanbul)" 5276: 1651:"). In that year, a summer heat wave in Victoria, Australia, created conditions which fuelled the massive 1215:

the immense cloud of ash, which has a disastrous global effect on climate and temperature for many years.

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A significant amount of plastic waste can be produced during disaster relief operations. Following the

5508: 5407: 4136: 483: 6727: 5845: 5650: 2772:"Factors determining human casualty levels in earthquakes: mortality prediction in building collapse" 2399:. Vegetables, fruits, spices and meats, both prepared and fresh-gardened, are included when possible. 2249: 1978: 1974: 1507: 1281: 622:

littering. Under these circumstances human health and the environment are often negatively impacted.

320: 308: 2361: 1965:. Blizzards can impact local economic activities, especially in regions where snowfall is rare. The 7283: 6793: 6732: 5222: 5065: 5029: 2508: 1652: 1648: 1471: 1083: 781: 517: 2816: 6681: 6676: 6652: 6615: 6476: 5805: 4308: 2502: 2224: 2209: 2097: 1812: 1593: 1203: 531: 442: 427: 238: 6772: 6722: 6686: 6433: 3634: 3476: 3392:

WMO Atlas of Mortality and Economic Losses from Weather, Climate and Water Extremes (1970–2019)

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Factfulness: Ten Reasons We're Wrong About the World – and Why Things Are Better Than You Think

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circulation. Tornadoes come in many shapes and sizes but typically take the form of a visible

1462:. This dries out forests and other vegetation, and increases the amount of fuel for wildfires. 5185: 4181: 3455: 3082: 2525: 2113: 1693: 1635:. They can spread to populated areas and thus be a threat to humans and property, as well as 1539: 1483: 1314: 960: 851:

is the primary driving force for a landslide to occur, but there are other factors affecting

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produced huge amounts of debris: estimates of 5 million tonnes of waste were reported by the

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can cause widespread destruction and consequent disaster in several ways. One hazard is the

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due to the lower quality of building construction, infrastructure, and medical facilities.

171:. It typically causes economic damage. How bad the damage is depends on how well people are 6933: 6737: 6073: 5628: 5588: 5368: 5291: 5194: 5140: 4499: 4148: 4093: 3319: 3151: 2187: 2129: 1611: 1372: 985: 966: 898: 535: 446: 423: 246: 192: 172: 4573: 4556: 4445: 3855: 3534: 3529: 571: 195:. It results from the combination of the hazard and the exposure of a vulnerable society. 8: 6843: 6443: 5767: 5675: 4316: 1535: 1095: 842: 719: 5592: 5295: 5198: 5144: 5024: 4512: 4503: 4487: 4152: 4097: 3155: 3140:"Anthropogenic processes, natural hazards, and interactions in a multi-hazard framework" 1815:, which devastated Martinique, St. Eustatius and Barbados. Another notable hurricane is 7288: 6742: 6588: 6513: 5835: 5798: 5536: 5156: 4117: 4055: 3979: 3929: 3883: 3720: 3695: 3575: 3558: 2900: 2875: 2478: 2289: 1970: 1969:

affected the United States, when many tons of wheat crops were destroyed. In Asia, the

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Waking the Giant: How a changing climate triggers earthquakes, tsunamis, and volcanoes

2240:

the effects of disasters. This means DRR can make risky events fewer and less severe.

1450:

significantly increase the chances of a drought developing, with subsequent increased

595: 225:

Some things can make natural disasters worse. Examples are inadequate building norms,

7242: 6952: 6886: 6747: 6382: 6092: 6026: 5606: 5577:"Home gardens: a promising approach to enhance household food security and wellbeing" 5540: 5528: 5427: 5423: 5388: 5309: 5250: 5160: 5124:

Kappes, Melanie S.; Keiler, Margreth; von Elverfeldt, Kirsten; Glade, Thomas (2012).

4969: 4656: 4586: 4578: 4517: 4349: 4320: 4229: 4221: 4164: 4109: 4038: 3971: 3925: 3875: 3823: 3725: 3580: 3436: 3371: 3118: 3036: 3011: 2981: 2930: 2905: 2782: 2592: 2318: 2313: 2307: 2293: 2125: 1882: 1816: 1184: 1172: 1091: 1060: 989: 230: 4121: 3983: 3887: 3164: 3139: 2041:

fields, ruining crops and damaging equipment. A particularly damaging hailstorm hit

496:

As of 2019, the countries with the highest share of disability-adjusted life years (

7174: 7168: 6970: 6712: 6314: 6308: 6110: 5596: 5520: 5447:"How Should the new international disaster risk framework address gender equality?" 5419: 5380: 5299: 5202: 5148: 4568: 4507: 4408: 4312: 4211: 4201: 4156: 4101: 3963: 3921: 3867: 3815: 3715: 3707: 3570: 3484: 3460: 3426: 3159: 2973: 2895: 2887: 2720: 2255: 2216: 2171: 2167: 2109: 1898: 1704: 1519: 1383: 1363: 1344: 1191:

in which the town of Armero was buried and an estimated 23,000 people were killed.

1117: 1022: 878: 763:, which may end up affecting government incentives to invest in such preparedness. 674: 626: 371: 347: 116: 44: 5779: 1151:

Video of lava agitating and bubbling in the volcano eruption of Litli-Hrútur, 2023

7073: 6583: 6549: 6213: 4926: 4881: 4470: 4452: 4433: 4188: 4160: 3711: 3365: 3316: 2380: 2245: 2195: 2101: 2093: 1962: 1935: 1889:, the narrow end of which touches the Earth and is often encircled by a cloud of 1318: 1265: 1113: 1108: 1030: 894: 852: 710:

for natural disasters: fanatical religious leaders or adherents may claim that a

530:

often have ineffective communication systems as well as insufficient support for

336: 226: 219: 215: 168: 3431: 2977: 418:

has been called a misnomer already in 1976. A disaster is a result of a natural

7026: 6942: 6625: 6166: 6082: 5771: 5524: 3775: 3600:"The easiest way to respond to a natural disaster? Blame God or global warming" 3488: 3114: 2555: 2322: 2241: 2183: 1824: 1819:, which devastated the Gulf Coast of the United States in 2005. Hurricanes may 1789: 1781: 1679: 1188: 886: 605: 435: 211: 176: 5152: 4412: 4233: 4105: 3967: 3819: 3464: 2965: 2891: 2347: 1162:

itself, with the force of the explosion and falling rocks able to cause harm.

7272: 7237: 7035: 6789: 6768: 6752: 6647: 6637: 6554: 6377: 6175: 5610: 5532: 5431: 5392: 5313: 5304: 4582: 4521: 4225: 4168: 4113: 3975: 3879: 3630:"Kerala flood blamed on women's entry into Sabarimala by Hindu Makkal Katchi" 3283: 2330: 2233: 2179: 2135: 2058: 1866: 1689: 1644: 1564: 998: 994: 944: 919: 874: 823: 643: 274: 5575:

Galhena, Dilrukshi Hashini; Freed, Russell; Maredia, Karim M. (2013-05-31).

5074: 4081: 4008: 2707:

Gould, Kevin A.; Garcia, M. Magdalena; Remes, Jacob A.C. (1 December 2016).

7232: 7154: 7149: 6982: 6947: 6895: 6696: 6518: 6372: 6294: 6289: 6122: 6087: 6035: 5507:

Akcay, Cemil; Şolt, Ayşen; Korkmaz, Nail Mahir; Sayin, Baris (2020-11-01).

5095: 4729: 4604: 4590: 3854:

Ashworth, Scott; Bueno de Mesquita, Ethan; Friedenberg, Amanda (May 2017).

3729: 3584: 3477:

The global costs of extreme weather that are attributable to climate change

3084:

Disaster, planning and development: managing natural hazards to reduce loss

2909: 2278: 2191: 2175: 2105: 1958: 1886: 1739: 1199: 1167: 1026: 866: 811: 707: 431: 261:

is the highly harmful impact on a society or community following a natural

152: 5601: 5576: 2650:#NoNaturalDisasters – Changing the discourse of natural disaster reporting 2416:

Preparedness focuses on preparing equipment and procedures for use when a

2145: 2142:: mitigation and prevention, disaster response, recovery and preparedness. 1033:. The underground point of origin of the earthquake is called the seismic 342:

There are 18 natural hazards included in the National Risk Index of FEMA:

245:. An adverse event only becomes a disaster if it occurs in an area with a 7247: 7133: 7066: 7045: 7040: 6918: 6481: 6387: 6273: 6206: 6185: 6180: 6058: 5207: 4488:"Droughts, Wildfires, and Forest Carbon Cycling: A Pantropical Synthesis" 3871: 3423:

Loss and Damage from Climate Change: Concepts, Methods and Policy Options

2396: 2388: 2326: 2082: 1572: 1439: 1223: 827: 699: 501: 4216: 3933: 3395: 3391: 2725: 2708: 2446: 1727: 6928: 6068: 4787: 3508:"Drowning in Plastics – Marine Litter and Plastic Waste Vital Graphics" 2490: 2392: 2237: 2069: 2065: 1597: 1503: 1496: 1410: 1284:. This applies to heat waves, droughts, wildfire and coastal flooding. 1103: 1034: 1018: 979: 952: 910: 882: 860: 727: 703: 403: 359: 324: 289: 222:" are floods, heat waves, wildfires, tropical cyclones, and the like. 132: 100: 52: 5700: 4940:"Deadly lightning strike in Mexico reveals plight of poorest citizens" 4404: 4206: 4183: 2924: 1206:, 75,000 to 80,000 years ago, a supervolcanic eruption at what is now 776: 7257: 7252: 7200: 7115: 7110: 7105: 6908: 6903: 6397: 6392: 6340: 6255: 6250: 6245: 6048: 6043: 5780:"Natural Disaster and Extreme Weather. Searchable Information Center" 5740: 4345: 3780:

Institute for Leadership and Sustainability (IFLAS) Occasional Papers

3667: 2588: 2421: 2352: 2254:

It is possible to include DRR in almost all areas of development and

2078: 2046: 1925: 1921: 1902: 1785: 1756: 1749: 1743: 1656: 1624: 1579:

towards the storm's center, where the air is heated and then ascends.

1560: 1553: 1515: 1455: 1435: 1298: 1207: 1038: 936: 928: 915: 807: 800: 658: 647: 638: 395: 383: 379: 375: 367: 351: 343: 323:. Natural hazard events can be classified into two broad categories: 144: 136: 120: 112: 108: 92: 80: 60: 5755: 5277:"Physical vulnerability modelling in natural hazard risk assessment" 4250:"Climate Change Could Trigger More Landslides in High Mountain Asia" 4037:

McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science & Technology, 11th Edition,

3853: 3030: 1711:. Flooding may result from the volume of a body of water, such as a 1321:, or other phenomena. The worst heat wave in recent history was the 1009: 461:

is unsuitable and should be abandoned in favour of the simpler term

7207: 7195: 7100: 7000: 6573: 6561: 6418: 6347: 6335: 6240: 6140: 5821: 5384: 2779:

Proceedings of the tenth world conference on earthquake engineering

2417: 2376: 2228: 2073: 1952: 1944: 1940: 1640: 1636: 1620: 1616: 1605: 1568: 1451: 1067: 1054: 951:

weakening, or by external means such as humans, other animals, and

948: 865:

Landslides are frequently made worse by human development (such as

831: 819: 815: 735: 715: 670: 509: 399: 285: 266: 241:

systems. This makes them more vulnerable to natural disasters than

148: 128: 124: 5476: 5474: 5472: 4634:"Airborne Dust: A Hazard to Human Health, Environment and Society" 4553: 4137:"The Storegga Slide: architecture, geometry and slide development" 4080:

Hungr, Oldrich; Leroueil, Serge; Picarelli, Luciano (2014-04-01).

1037:. The point directly above the focus on the surface is called the 7190: 7164: 7125: 7061: 6992: 6913: 6330: 6304: 6265: 6201: 6132: 6053: 2663:

Vulnerability Analysis and The Explanation Of 'Natural' Disasters

2505: – Type of emergency that causes severe environmental damage 2499: – Disaster to the natural environment due to human activity 2477:

The 1998 UN Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement and 2009

2384: 2334: 1878: 1858: 1840: 1835: 1777: 1773: 1628: 1576: 1467: 1447: 1443: 1431: 1351: 1338: 1310: 1244: 1236: 1211: 1176: 1155: 1042: 848: 706:, women are also disproportionately victimized by religion-based 678: 663: 555:

is a natural hazards that develops slowly, sometimes over years.

552: 513: 391: 387: 355: 328: 183:

is unsuitable and should be abandoned. Instead, the simpler term

160: 156: 96: 76: 64: 48: 4407:. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge and New York, pp. 3–33, 2190:

ensures continuation of electrical service. The construction of

1401:

Droughts cause a range of impacts and are often worsened by the

6691: 6544: 5783: 5469: 5369:"Climate hazards and disasters: the need for capacity building" 5349: 5347: 5181:"Reviewing and visualizing the interactions of natural hazards" 5123: 3310:

Natural Catastrophes in 2012 Dominated by U.S. Weather Extremes

3033:

At Risk – Natural hazards, people's vulnerability and disasters

2847:"Humans cause 96% of wildfires that threaten homes in the U.S." 2770:

Coburn, Andrew W.; Spence, Robin JS; Pomonis, Antonios (1992).

2372: 2042: 1890: 1881:

is used in meteorology in a wider sense to refer to any closed

1748:

Severe storms, dust clouds and volcanic eruptions can generate

1406: 1228: 870: 810:, also known as landslips, or rockslides, are several forms of 419: 316: 293: 270: 262: 188: 88: 5003: 4485: 3250:"Asia-Pacific: the world's most disaster-prone region – World" 2817:"Wildfire Causes and Evaluations (U.S. National Park Service)" 2582: 1275: 7021: 6975: 6161: 6115: 5456: 4134: 3694:

Harville, Emily; Xiong, Xu; Buekens, Pierre (November 2010).

1801: 1797: 1793: 1753: 1712: 1708: 1700: 1673: 1632: 1538:

and suspension, a process that moves soil from one place and

1479: 1418: 1180: 838: 835: 711: 505: 312: 273:, as well as various factors that influence the exposure and 104: 56: 5790: 5344: 538:. This makes them more vulnerable to natural disasters than 7158: 6298: 4197: 2038: 2016: 1994: 1897:. Tornadoes can occur one at a time, or can occur in large 1894: 1716: 1531: 1527: 1523: 1511: 1256:

Tsunamis can be caused by undersea earthquakes such as the

1163: 940: 856: 814:

that may include a wide range of ground movements, such as

691:

disaster, women are at increased risk of being affected by

363: 140: 6873: 6013: 5438: 5399: 2964:

Zorn, Matija (2018), Pelc, Stanko; Koderman, Miha (eds.),

2528: – Suffering of wild animals due to natural processes 2045:, Germany, on July 12, 1984, causing about $ 2 billion in 1989: 1684: 1458:

can significantly worsen drought conditions by increasing

465:, while also specifying the category (or type) of hazard. 4636:. WMO - Bulletin: Vol 64 (2) - 2015. 2022. Archived from 4082:"The Varnes classification of landslide types, an update" 3811:

Dull Disasters? How planning ahead will make a difference

3745:"Pregnant women are particularly vulnerable to disasters" 3533: This article incorporates text available under the 2371:

The most extreme home confinement scenarios include war,

1631:

but wildfires may also be started by human negligence or

766: 742:

pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

449:, compensation, insurance and disaster prevention. Using 5763: 3031:

B. Wisner; P. Blaikie; T. Cannon & I. Davis (2004).

2585:

Mapping Vulnerability: Disasters, Development and People

893:, can increase the frequency of natural events (such as 5554: 3559:"Maternal Health Considerations During Disaster Relief" 4079: 3363: 2232:

When DRR is successful, it makes communities less the

1703:

is an overflow of water that 'submerges' land. The EU

1534:

from a dry surface. Fine particles are transported by

753: 685: 487:

Number of recorded natural disaster events (1900–2022)

5506: 5487: 5126:"Challenges of analyzing multi-hazard risk: a review" 4727: 4279:"Snow Avalanches | National Snow and Ice Data Center" 4056:"USGS factsheet, Landslide Types and Processes, 2004" 3696:"Disasters and Perinatal Health: A Systematic Review" 1905:

or in other large areas of thunderstorm development.

1792:

that forms over an ocean. It is caused by evaporated

599:

Global damage cost from natural disasters (1980–2022)

5002:. Center for Severe Weather Research. Archived from 3693: 2198:

are further examples of personal mitigative actions.

583:

The death rate from natural disasters is highest in

575:

Global death rate from natural disasters (1900–2022)

5574: 3090:. Washington, D.C.: Organization of American States 2769: 2481:protect people displaced due to natural disasters. 2325:. An example of this would be building provisional 2286:

Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery

1821:

become more intense and produce more heavy rainfall

1021:is the result of a sudden release of energy in the 1013:

Global number of deaths from earthquake (1960–2017)

5445:Le Masson, Virginie; Langston, Lara (March 2014). 5179:Gill, Joel C.; Malamud, Bruce D. (December 2014). 4537:"A Drier Future Sets the Stage for More Wildfires" 3205:"Global health estimates: Leading causes of DALYs" 1442:of affected regions, and causes harm to the local 881:frequently leads to less stabilization of soil by 841:or even underwater, in which case they are called 5648: 5444: 5412:Annals of the Association of American Geographers 4788:"2009 Victorian Bushfires | Victorian Government" 4481: 4479: 3364:Rosling, H.; Rosling, O.; Rönnlund, A.R. (2018). 2583:G. Bankoff; G. Frerks; D. Hilhorst, eds. (2003). 331:. Natural hazards can be provoked or affected by 7270: 4547: 4528: 3108: 2966:"Natural Disasters and Less Developed Countries" 2706: 2288:(GFDRR) is a multi-donor partnership to support 2248:. So development efforts often consider DRR and 1194:Volcanoes rated at 8 (the highest level) on the 6800:International Association of Emergency Managers 5764:"Global Disaster Alert and Coordination System" 5656:. Vanderbilt Center for Transportation Research 5405: 5174: 5172: 5170: 5071:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 5035:National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 3552: 3550: 3548: 3546: 3544: 3239:Asia-Pacific World's Most Disaster-Prone Region 3138:Gill, Joel C.; Malamud, Bruce D. (2017-03-01). 3008:Principles of Emergency planning and Management 2683:"Why natural disasters aren't all that natural" 2618:"Why natural disasters aren't all that natural" 2511: – Hypothetical global-scale disaster risk 2138:authorities. It should address all four of the 1788:are different names for the same phenomenon: a 175:and how strong the buildings, roads, and other 5756:"Billion-dollar Weather and Climate Disasters" 5017: 4997: 4476: 3359: 3357: 2493: – Natural disaster outside human control 2170:to instantly shut off the natural gas supply, 1731:A classic anvil-shaped, and clearly-developed 545: 402:, winter weather. In addition, there are also 43:Economic loss risk for six natural disasters: 6859: 5999: 5806: 5366: 5058: 4492:Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 4342:CRC handbook of coastal processes and erosion 3950:Healy, Andrew; Malhotra, Neil (August 2009). 3949: 3856:"Accountability and Information in Elections" 3370:. Flatiron Books. pp. 107–109, 299–325. 3333:"Natural hazards and disaster risk reduction" 3109:Burton, I.; Kates, R.W.; White, G.F. (1993). 2821:NPS.gov Homepage (U.S. National Park Service) 2742:"There's No Such Thing as a Natural Disaster" 2517: – Cataloging of environmental disasters 2271:International Day for Disaster Risk Reduction 2096:in any given area (e.g., for the purposes of 1421:; drought and high temperatures worsened the 1183:is a volcanic mudflow or landslide. The 1953 179:are. Scholars have been saying that the term 5167: 4991: 4850:Australian Disaster Resilience Knowledge Hub 4689:"Problems of Fire in Nuclear Warfare (1961)" 4371:"Human Ancestors Were an Endangered Species" 4175: 4073: 3911: 3807: 3773: 3687: 3660: 3541: 3180:"Time to say goodbye to "natural" disasters" 3005: 2267:Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2153: 1403:effects of climate change on the water cycle 5178: 4846:"Bushfire – Black Saturday, Victoria, 2009" 3952:"Myopic Voters and Natural Disaster Policy" 3390:World Meteorological Society (WMO) (2021). 3354: 3137: 2521:World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction 1811:; the deadliest Atlantic hurricane was the 1276:Disasters caused by extreme weather hazards 646:on beaches surveyed following a typhoon in 198:Nowadays it is hard to distinguish between 6866: 6852: 6805:International Disaster and Risk Conference 6006: 5992: 5813: 5799: 5367:McBean, Gordon; Rodgers, Caroline (2010). 5096:"Natural Hazards – Snow & Hail Storms" 4418: 3808:Clarke, Daniel J.; Dercon, Stefan (2016). 3279:"Weather-related disasters are increasing" 2202: 2161:Emergency management § Mitigation strategy 2134:Disaster management is a main function of 1116:) as well as from episodic events such as 479:List of countries by natural disaster risk 5673: 5600: 5497:. United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). 5357:. United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). 5303: 5206: 4895:"Directive 2007/60/EC Chapter 1 Article2" 4650: 4572: 4541:Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet 4511: 4254:Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet 4215: 4205: 3860:American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 3719: 3574: 3430: 3163: 2899: 2724: 2665:. Disasters, Development and Environment. 1287: 885:. Additionally, global warming caused by 734:, purportedly inflicted by the angry god 637:. Some of this waste, mostly plastic and 6815:International Disaster Emergency Service 5406:Neumayer, Eric; Plümper, Thomas (2007). 5328:"Disaster risk reduction progress score" 4534: 4015:. Roget's 21st Century Thesaurus. 2013. 2844: 2346: 2215: 2144: 2052: 1988: 1934: 1834: 1726: 1683: 1662: 1587: 1222: 1137: 1008: 993: 909: 775: 594: 570: 491: 482: 214:also affects how often disasters due to 38: 5274: 5052: 4368: 4302: 4143:. COSTA - Continental Slope Stability. 3502: 3500: 3498: 3496: 2922: 2556:"Natural Hazards | National Risk Index" 1853:List of tornadoes and tornado outbreaks 1264:, or by volcanic eruptions such as the 1187:was caused by a lahar, as was the 1985 1179:was destroyed by a pyroclastic flow. A 724:women's struggle for the right to enter 475:List of natural disasters by death toll 14: 7271: 5651:"The "Phases" of Emergency Management" 4256:. NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. 4019:from the original on 24 September 2020 3742: 3700:Obstetrical & Gynecological Survey 3675:from the original on 28 September 2019 3642:from the original on 28 September 2019 3610:from the original on 28 September 2019 3419: 3271: 2876:"China's great famine: 40 years later" 2432: 1915: 1313:events to take place, and may include 1272:and spread through the Pacific Ocean. 1270:tsunami occurred near Fukushima, Japan 767:Disasters caused by geological hazards 6847: 5987: 5794: 5737:"World Bank's Hazard Risk Management" 5713:from the original on 11 December 2021 5555:"Federal Emergency Management Agency" 4918:Glossary of Meteorology (June 2000). 4574:10.1146/annurev-arplant-102820-012804 4464:Australian Drought and Climate Change 4339: 3945: 3943: 3914:American Journal of Political Science 3396:https://library.wmo.int/idurl/4/57564 2959: 2957: 2739: 1807:The deadliest hurricane ever was the 1619:are large fires which often start in 1123: 869:) and resource exploitation (such as 616: 311:that might have a negative effect on 127:. Additional natural hazards include 4884:Retrieved on 2006-12-28. 2009-10-31. 4381:from the original on 8 December 2020 4247: 3597: 3563:Reviews in Obstetrics and Gynecology 3556: 3493: 3400: 2963: 2873: 2838: 2781:. Vol. 10. pp. 5989–5994. 2677: 2675: 2673: 2671: 2644: 2642: 2612: 2610: 2608: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2544: 2542: 2441: 2437: 1769:Tropical cyclones and climate change 1759:housing provides little protection. 1413:due to drought; droughts negatively 677:have been living in five camps near 635:Japanese Ministry of the Environment 500:) lost due to natural disasters are 6828: 6794:List of civil defense organisations 5627:. Training.fema.gov. Archived from 4950:from the original on 6 January 2017 4677:Dresden 1945: The Devil's Tinderbox 4513:10.1146/annurev-earth-082517-010235 3755:from the original on 1 October 2020 3469: 3291:from the original on 30 August 2017 2426:Federal Emergency Management Agency 2411:Emergency management § Preparedness 2351:A car driving on a flooded road in 2296:support to more than 157 countries. 2136:civil protection (or civil defence) 2023:List of costly or deadly hailstorms 1865:, or, in rare cases, the base of a 1762: 1239:overwhelms the ships in the harbor. 754:On governments and voting processes 686:On women and vulnerable populations 282:Federal Emergency Management Agency 24: 4535:Merzdorf, Jessica (July 9, 2019). 4317:10.1093/oso/9780198866930.001.0001 3940: 3743:Meyers, Talya (23 December 2019). 2954: 1823:as a consequence of human-induced 1518:regions. Dust storms arise when a 1134:List of largest volcanic eruptions 1073: 386:, riverine flooding, strong wind, 25: 7300: 6472:Structural failures and collapses 5729: 5701:"2009 Kampala Convention on IDPs" 5452:. Overseas Development Institute. 4759:"Massive fire burns in Wisconsin" 4728:US Department of Commerce, NOAA. 3956:American Political Science Review 3598:Lord, Leighann (1 October 2019). 2874:Smil, Vaclav (18 December 1999). 2668: 2639: 2605: 2539: 1262:one in 1958 at Lituya Bay, Alaska 1231:in ruins and in flames after the 590: 566: 32:Natural disaster (disambiguation) 6827: 5693: 5667: 5642: 5617: 5424:10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00563.x 4651:Scawthorn, Charles, ed. (2005). 4369:Gibbons, Ann (19 January 2010). 3926:10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00503.x 3528: 3229:from the original on 2022-03-31. 3211:from the original on 2021-01-06. 2445: 2409:This section is an excerpt from 2360:This section is an excerpt from 2306:This section is an excerpt from 2208:This section is an excerpt from 2159:This section is an excerpt from 1722: 1552:This section is an excerpt from 1506:, also called a sandstorm, is a 1495:This section is an excerpt from 1391: 1382: 1371: 1362: 1350:This section is an excerpt from 1227:1755 copper engraving depicting 927:This section is an excerpt from 799:This section is an excerpt from 87:event. Some examples of natural 75:is the very harmful impact on a 6810:Disaster Accountability Project 5682:from the original on 2022-04-18 5581:Agriculture & Food Security 5568: 5547: 5513:Journal of Building Engineering 5500: 5360: 5320: 5268: 5243: 5215: 5117: 5106:from the original on 2017-02-03 5088: 5041:from the original on 2014-08-20 4980:from the original on 2021-01-05 4962: 4932: 4912: 4901:from the original on 2015-11-06 4887: 4867: 4856:from the original on 2021-03-26 4838: 4827:from the original on 2021-04-23 4809: 4798:from the original on 2021-04-28 4780: 4769:from the original on 2021-04-15 4751: 4740:from the original on 2021-04-25 4721: 4681: 4669: 4644: 4626: 4615:from the original on 2014-04-01 4597: 4457: 4439: 4393: 4362: 4333: 4296: 4271: 4260:from the original on 2023-02-04 4241: 4128: 4062:from the original on 2020-10-04 4048: 4031: 4001: 3990:from the original on 2021-10-04 3905: 3894:from the original on 2021-10-04 3847: 3836:from the original on 2021-10-04 3801: 3790:from the original on 2021-03-10 3767: 3736: 3661:Asmita Nandy (20 August 2018). 3654: 3622: 3591: 3518:from the original on 2022-03-21 3512:UNEP – UN Environment Programme 3448: 3413: 3384: 3325: 3303: 3260:from the original on 2018-10-04 3242: 3233: 3215: 3197: 3172: 3165:10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.01.002 3131: 3102: 3073: 3049: 3024: 3010:. Harpended: Terra publishing. 2999: 2943:from the original on 2022-04-18 2916: 2867: 2856:from the original on 2020-12-10 2827:from the original on 2021-01-01 2809: 2798:from the original on 2020-11-12 2752:from the original on 2021-01-22 2628:from the original on 2020-11-29 2515:List of environmental disasters 2403: 2362:Emergency management § Recovery 1327:2010 Northern Hemisphere summer 1260:, or by landslides such as the 914:A powder snow avalanche in the 891:human impact on the environment 642:100% increase in the amount of 163:. A natural disaster can cause 4561:Annual Review of Plant Biology 4238:, at the introductory section. 3774:Kieft, J.; Bendell, J (2021). 2845:DeWeerdt, Sarah (2020-09-15). 2763: 2733: 2700: 2655: 2576: 2087:groundwater-related subsidence 1869:. It is also referred to as a 1575:winds from every point of the 973: 252: 229:of people and poor choices on 13: 1: 5820: 5466:. UNDRR: Geneva, Switzerland. 4998:Wurman, Joshua (2008-08-29). 4473:, retrieved on June 7th 2007. 3410:. UNDRR: Geneva, Switzerland. 2532: 1984: 1623:areas. Common causes include 1546: 1489: 1292: 1266:ancient eruption of Santorini 1084:Coastal and oceanic landforms 905: 771: 339:, drainage and construction. 298:1906 San Francisco earthquake 7228:Potentially hazardous object 6718:Emergency population warning 6411:Unrelated to natural hazards 6368:Potentially hazardous object 5739:. World Bank. Archived from 5284:Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci 5059:Roger Edwards (2006-04-04). 4821:National Museum of Australia 4161:10.1016/j.margeo.2004.10.007 3712:10.1097/OGX.0b013e31820eddbe 3339:. 2015-12-01. Archived from 2713:Journal of Political Ecology 2119: 1930: 1830: 1639:. One example for a notable 1583: 1446:. Annual dry seasons in the 1048: 897:) which trigger landslides. 516:(probably mainly due to the 7: 6611:Crowd collapses and crushes 5674:Terminski, Bogumil (2012). 5484:UNDRR: Geneva, Switzerland. 3814:. Oxford University Press. 3432:10.1007/978-3-319-72026-5_3 3223:"2019 WHO DALY report data" 2978:10.1007/978-3-319-59002-8_4 2929:. Oxford University Press. 2484: 2342: 2300: 1423:2020 bushfires in Australia 1332: 1251:List of historical tsunamis 1130:Types of volcanic eruptions 1088:Coastal development hazards 546:Slow and rapid onset events 409: 10: 7305: 5649:Baird, Malcolm E. (2010). 5525:10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101493 5275:Douglas, J. (2007-04-05). 4817:"Black Saturday bushfires" 4303:Louchet, Francois (2021). 3489:10.1038/s41467-023-41888-1 2740:Smith, Neil (2006-06-11). 2408: 2359: 2305: 2207: 2158: 2123: 2020: 2014: 1950: 1919: 1850: 1843:in its dissipating stage, 1766: 1737: 1677: 1671: 1609: 1603: 1551: 1494: 1349: 1342: 1336: 1323:European Heat Wave of 2003 1302: 1296: 1248: 1242: 1218: 1196:Volcanic Explosivity Index 1127: 1077: 1058: 1052: 983: 977: 926: 798: 787: 558: 472: 29: 7220: 7183: 7142: 7124: 7093: 7086: 7054: 7020: 7013: 6991: 6961: 6927: 6894: 6885: 6823: 6782: 6761: 6728:Earthquake warning system 6705: 6669: 6601: 6537: 6462: 6426: 6417: 6410: 6360: 6323: 6282: 6264: 6233: 6226: 6194: 6160: 6153: 6131: 6101: 6067: 6034: 6025: 5983: 5976: 5888:Great Britain and Ireland 5828: 5255:USGS Water Science School 5153:10.1007/s11069-012-0294-2 5025:"Hallam Nebraska Tornado" 4653:Fire following earthquake 4413:10.1017/9781009325844.001 4106:10.1007/s10346-013-0436-y 3968:10.1017/S0003055409990104 3465:10.1017/9781009157896.013 3111:The environment as hazard 2892:10.1136/bmj.319.7225.1619 2250:climate change adaptation 2154:Mitigation and prevention 2081:processes. For example, 1975:2008 Afghanistan blizzard 1667: 1508:meteorological phenomenon 1478:). In 2011, the State of 1282:effects of climate change 822:, shallow or deep-seated 5305:10.5194/nhess-7-283-2007 5066:National Weather Service 5061:"The Online Tornado FAQ" 5030:National Weather Service 4929:Retrieved on 2009-01-09. 4873:MSN Encarta Dictionary. 4401:Summary for Policymakers 3035:. Wiltshire: Routledge. 2509:Global catastrophic risk 2284:for DRR activities. The 2085:abstraction may trigger 1649:Black Saturday bushfires 782:San Clemente, California 655:2010 earthquake in Haiti 631:tsunami in Japan in 2011 468: 6682:Earthquake preparedness 6677:Disaster risk reduction 6621:Environmental disasters 4974:www.merriam-webster.com 4970:"Definition of CYCLONE" 4340:Komar, Paul D. (1983). 4309:Oxford University Press 2661:Cannon, Terry. (1994). 2503:Environmental emergency 2225:Disaster risk reduction 2210:Disaster risk reduction 2203:Disaster risk reduction 2149:Haiti earthquake damage 2112:and to a lesser extent 2098:disaster risk reduction 1813:Great Hurricane of 1780 1268:. On March 11, 2011, a 1258:2004 Boxing Day tsunami 1204:Toba catastrophe theory 662:increasing the risk of 532:disaster risk reduction 443:disaster risk reduction 333:anthropogenic processes 239:disaster risk reduction 218:hazards happen. These " 6773:List of disaster films 6723:Emergency Alert System 6687:Hurricane preparedness 5625:"Animals in Disasters" 3635:The New Indian Express 3557:Nour, Nawal N (2011). 2923:McGuire, Bill (2012). 2497:Environmental disaster 2356: 2222: 2150: 2012: 1967:Great Blizzard of 1888 1948: 1848: 1796:that comes off of the 1735: 1696: 1601: 1470:include the 1997–2009 1466:Well-known historical 1315:temperature inversions 1288:Hot and dry conditions 1240: 1233:1755 Lisbon earthquake 1152: 1100:Coastal morphodynamics 1014: 1006: 923: 785: 730:temple for the August 600: 576: 488: 173:prepared for disasters 68: 5602:10.1186/2048-7010-2-8 5186:Reviews of Geophysics 4640:on December 18, 2023. 3184:www.preventionweb.net 3144:Earth-Science Reviews 3057:"What is a disaster?" 3006:D. Alexander (2002). 2687:www.preventionweb.net 2526:Wild animal suffering 2350: 2219: 2148: 2053:Multi-hazard analysis 2011: in) in diameter 1992: 1957:Blizzards are severe 1938: 1838: 1730: 1694:2000 Mozambique flood 1687: 1663:Storms and heavy rain 1591: 1226: 1150: 1012: 1001:was devastated by an 997: 961:powder snow avalanche 913: 779: 761:disaster preparedness 693:gender based violence 598: 574: 540:high income countries 492:By region and country 486: 247:vulnerable population 243:high income countries 42: 27:Type of adverse event 6738:Emergency management 5373:WIREs Climate Change 5208:10.1002/2013RG000445 4009:"Landslide synonyms" 3872:10.1257/mic.20150349 3475:Newman, R., Noy, I. 3343:on December 18, 2023 3320:Worldwatch Institute 2290:developing countries 2130:Emergency management 1877:, although the word 1612:List of forest fires 1405:: a dry riverbed in 986:Lists of earthquakes 899:Landslide mitigation 843:submarine landslides 585:developing countries 536:emergency management 528:Developing countries 424:vulnerable community 235:developing countries 206:disasters. The term 193:vulnerable community 30:For other uses, see 6643:Terrorist incidents 5774:website initiative. 5768:European Commission 5706:. UNHCR. May 2019. 5593:2013AgFS....2....8G 5296:2007NHESS...7..283D 5199:2014RvGeo..52..680G 5145:2012NatHa..64.1925K 5000:"Doppler on Wheels" 4730:"The Peshtigo Fire" 4705:on 18 February 2013 4504:2019AREPS..47..555B 4446:Living With Drought 4427:Water Cycle Changes 4248:Merzdorf, Jessica. 4153:2004MGeol.213..201H 4098:2014Lands..11..167H 3256:. 10 October 2017. 3156:2017ESRv..166..246G 3061:www.ifrc.org – IFRC 2886:(7225): 1619–1621. 2726:10.2458/v23i1.20181 2689:. 14 September 2017 2433:Society and culture 2140:phases of disasters 1997:, about 6 cm ( 1916:Cold-weather events 1887:condensation funnel 1202:. According to the 1096:Coastal engineering 939:is a rapid flow of 720:Hindu Makkal Katchi 447:disaster management 237:do not have proper 6879:list by death toll 6743:Hurricane response 6589:Disease of despair 6499:Civilian radiation 6019:list by death toll 4925:2007-08-24 at the 4880:2011-02-04 at the 4675:Alexander Mckee's 4469:2018-07-26 at the 4451:2007-02-18 at the 4432:2022-09-29 at the 3820:20.500.12657/32368 3638:. 15 August 2018. 3315:2013-07-02 at the 2652:(16 November 2018) 2479:Kampala Convention 2457:. You can help by 2357: 2223: 2186:installation of a 2151: 2013: 1971:1972 Iran blizzard 1949: 1863:cumulonimbus cloud 1849: 1845:Tecumseh, Oklahoma 1809:1970 Bhola cyclone 1736: 1733:Cumulonimbus incus 1697: 1602: 1472:Millennium Drought 1460:evapotranspiration 1415:impact agriculture 1305:List of heat waves 1241: 1153: 1124:Volcanic eruptions 1080:Coastal management 1015: 1007: 924: 794:List of avalanches 790:List of landslides 786: 732:2018 Kerala floods 722:and others blamed 617:On the environment 601: 577: 489: 309:natural phenomenon 69: 7279:Natural disasters 7266: 7265: 7243:Geomagnetic storm 7216: 7215: 7082: 7081: 7009: 7008: 6953:Soil liquefaction 6875:Natural disasters 6841: 6840: 6748:Crisis management 6665: 6664: 6661: 6660: 6597: 6596: 6406: 6405: 6383:Geomagnetic storm 6356: 6355: 6222: 6221: 6149: 6148: 6093:Soil liquefaction 6015:Natural disasters 5332:Our World in Data 5251:"Land Subsidence" 5230:Copernicus Office 4662:978-0-7844-0739-4 4609:www.ncdc.noaa.gov 4326:978-0-19-886693-0 4207:10.3390/w11081552 3829:978-0-19-878557-6 3483:14, 6103 (2023). 3442:978-3-319-72026-5 3377:978-1-250-10781-7 2987:978-3-319-59002-8 2936:978-0-19-959226-5 2788:978-90-5410-060-7 2475: 2474: 2438:International law 2319:search and rescue 2314:Disaster response 2308:Disaster response 2294:capacity building 2256:humanitarian work 2172:seismic retrofits 2126:Disaster response 1899:tornado outbreaks 1817:Hurricane Katrina 1185:Tangiwai disaster 1173:pyroclastic flows 1160:volcanic eruption 1148: 1118:tropical cyclones 1092:Coastal geography 1061:List of sinkholes 990:Soil liquefaction 518:Spitak Earthquake 396:volcanic activity 296:which caused the 277:of a community." 265:event. The term " 231:land use planning 121:volcanic activity 117:tropical cyclones 45:tropical cyclones 18:Natural disasters 16:(Redirected from 7296: 7175:Tropical cyclone 7169:Tornado outbreak 7091: 7090: 7018: 7017: 6971:Pyroclastic flow 6963:Volcano eruption 6892: 6891: 6868: 6861: 6854: 6845: 6844: 6831: 6830: 6713:Humanitarian aid 6509:Military nuclear 6504:Civilian nuclear 6424: 6423: 6415: 6414: 6315:Tropical cyclone 6309:Tornado outbreak 6231: 6230: 6158: 6157: 6111:Pyroclastic flow 6103:Volcano eruption 6032: 6031: 6008: 6001: 5994: 5985: 5984: 5981: 5980: 5815: 5808: 5801: 5792: 5791: 5787: 5775: 5759: 5751: 5749: 5748: 5723: 5722: 5720: 5718: 5712: 5705: 5697: 5691: 5690: 5688: 5687: 5671: 5665: 5664: 5662: 5661: 5655: 5646: 5640: 5639: 5637: 5636: 5621: 5615: 5614: 5604: 5572: 5566: 5565: 5563: 5562: 5551: 5545: 5544: 5504: 5498: 5491: 5485: 5478: 5467: 5460: 5454: 5453: 5451: 5442: 5436: 5435: 5403: 5397: 5396: 5364: 5358: 5351: 5342: 5341: 5339: 5338: 5324: 5318: 5317: 5307: 5281: 5272: 5266: 5265: 5263: 5261: 5247: 5241: 5240: 5238: 5236: 5227: 5219: 5213: 5212: 5210: 5176: 5165: 5164: 5139:(2): 1925–1958. 5130: 5121: 5115: 5114: 5112: 5111: 5092: 5086: 5085: 5083: 5082: 5073:. 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management 459:natural disaster 416:natural disaster 372:tropical cyclone 348:coastal flooding 259:natural disaster 208:natural disaster 181:natural disaster 73:natural disaster 21: 7304: 7303: 7299: 7298: 7297: 7295: 7294: 7293: 7284:Natural hazards 7269: 7268: 7267: 7262: 7212: 7179: 7143:Cyclonic storms 7138: 7120: 7078: 7074:Limnic eruption 7050: 7024: 7005: 6993:Natural erosion 6987: 6957: 6931: 6923: 6881: 6872: 6842: 6837: 6819: 6778: 6757: 6706:Countermeasures 6701: 6657: 6653:Nightclub fires 6616:Economic crises 6593: 6584:Opioid epidemic 6533: 6458: 6402: 6352: 6319: 6283:Cyclonic storms 6278: 6260: 6218: 6214:Limnic eruption 6190: 6164: 6145: 6133:Natural erosion 6127: 6097: 6071: 6063: 6021: 6012: 5972: 5824: 5819: 5778: 5762: 5754: 5746: 5744: 5735: 5732: 5727: 5726: 5716: 5714: 5710: 5703: 5699: 5698: 5694: 5685: 5683: 5672: 5668: 5659: 5657: 5653: 5647: 5643: 5634: 5632: 5623: 5622: 5618: 5573: 5569: 5560: 5558: 5553: 5552: 5548: 5505: 5501: 5492: 5488: 5479: 5470: 5461: 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1136: 1126: 1114:beach evolution 1109:Coastal erosion 1106: 1076: 1074:Coastal erosion 1063: 1057: 1051: 992: 982: 976: 971: 970: 932: 908: 903: 902: 895:extreme weather 853:slope stability 804: 796: 780:A landslide in 774: 769: 756: 698:In addition to 688: 682:is recyclable. 619: 593: 569: 561: 548: 494: 481: 473:Main articles: 471: 457:Thus, the term 412: 337:land-use change 255: 227:marginalization 220:climate hazards 216:extreme weather 169:damage property 91:events include 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 7302: 7292: 7291: 7286: 7281: 7264: 7263: 7261: 7260: 7255: 7250: 7245: 7240: 7235: 7230: 7224: 7222: 7218: 7217: 7214: 7213: 7211: 7210: 7205: 7204: 7203: 7193: 7187: 7185: 7181: 7180: 7178: 7177: 7172: 7162: 7152: 7146: 7144: 7140: 7139: 7137: 7136: 7130: 7128: 7122: 7121: 7119: 7118: 7113: 7108: 7103: 7097: 7095: 7088: 7087:Meteorological 7084: 7083: 7080: 7079: 7077: 7076: 7071: 7070: 7069: 7058: 7056: 7052: 7051: 7049: 7048: 7043: 7038: 7032: 7030: 7015: 7011: 7010: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7003: 6997: 6995: 6989: 6988: 6986: 6985: 6980: 6979: 6978: 6967: 6965: 6959: 6958: 6956: 6955: 6950: 6945: 6943:Seismic hazard 6939: 6937: 6925: 6924: 6922: 6921: 6916: 6911: 6906: 6900: 6898: 6889: 6883: 6882: 6871: 6870: 6863: 6856: 6848: 6839: 6838: 6836: 6835: 6824: 6821: 6820: 6818: 6817: 6812: 6807: 6802: 6797: 6786: 6784: 6780: 6779: 6777: 6776: 6765: 6763: 6759: 6758: 6756: 6755: 6750: 6745: 6740: 6735: 6730: 6725: 6720: 6715: 6709: 6707: 6703: 6702: 6700: 6699: 6694: 6689: 6684: 6679: 6673: 6671: 6667: 6666: 6663: 6662: 6659: 6658: 6656: 6655: 6650: 6645: 6640: 6635: 6630: 6629: 6628: 6626:Sacrifice zone 6618: 6613: 6607: 6605: 6599: 6598: 6595: 6594: 6592: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6571: 6570: 6569: 6559: 6558: 6557: 6552: 6541: 6539: 6535: 6534: 6532: 6531: 6529:Infrastructure 6526: 6524:Mast and tower 6521: 6516: 6511: 6506: 6501: 6496: 6495: 6494: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6468: 6466: 6460: 6459: 6457: 6456: 6451: 6446: 6441: 6436: 6430: 6428: 6421: 6412: 6408: 6407: 6404: 6403: 6401: 6400: 6395: 6390: 6385: 6380: 6375: 6370: 6364: 6362: 6358: 6357: 6354: 6353: 6351: 6350: 6345: 6344: 6343: 6333: 6327: 6325: 6321: 6320: 6318: 6317: 6312: 6302: 6292: 6286: 6284: 6280: 6279: 6277: 6276: 6270: 6268: 6262: 6261: 6259: 6258: 6253: 6248: 6243: 6237: 6235: 6228: 6227:Meteorological 6224: 6223: 6220: 6219: 6217: 6216: 6211: 6210: 6209: 6198: 6196: 6192: 6191: 6189: 6188: 6183: 6178: 6172: 6170: 6155: 6151: 6150: 6147: 6146: 6144: 6143: 6137: 6135: 6129: 6128: 6126: 6125: 6120: 6119: 6118: 6107: 6105: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6083:Seismic hazard 6079: 6077: 6065: 6064: 6062: 6061: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6040: 6038: 6029: 6023: 6022: 6011: 6010: 6003: 5996: 5988: 5978: 5974: 5973: 5971: 5970: 5965: 5960: 5955: 5950: 5945: 5940: 5935: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5910: 5905: 5900: 5895: 5890: 5885: 5880: 5878:Czech Republic 5875: 5870: 5865: 5860: 5855: 5850: 5849: 5848: 5843: 5832: 5830: 5826: 5825: 5818: 5817: 5810: 5803: 5795: 5789: 5788: 5776: 5772:United Nations 5760: 5752: 5731: 5730:External links 5728: 5725: 5724: 5692: 5666: 5641: 5616: 5567: 5546: 5499: 5486: 5480:UNDRR (2023). 5468: 5462:UNDRR (2023). 5455: 5437: 5418:(3): 551–566. 5398: 5385:10.1002/wcc.77 5379:(6): 871–884. 5359: 5343: 5319: 5290:(2): 283–288. 5267: 5242: 5214: 5193:(4): 680–722. 5166: 5116: 5087: 5051: 5037:. 2005-10-02. 5016: 4990: 4961: 4931: 4911: 4886: 4866: 4837: 4823:. 2023-02-07. 4808: 4792:www.vic.gov.au 4779: 4750: 4720: 4680: 4668: 4661: 4643: 4625: 4596: 4567:(1): 673–702. 4546: 4527: 4498:(1): 555–581. 4475: 4456: 4438: 4417: 4392: 4361: 4354: 4332: 4325: 4295: 4270: 4240: 4174: 4147:(1): 201–234. 4141:Marine Geology 4127: 4092:(2): 167–194. 4072: 4047: 4030: 4000: 3962:(3): 387–406. 3939: 3920:(2): 340–355. 3904: 3846: 3828: 3800: 3766: 3735: 3686: 3653: 3621: 3590: 3540: 3514:. 2021-10-21. 3492: 3468: 3447: 3441: 3412: 3406:UNDRR (2023). 3399: 3383: 3376: 3353: 3337:public.wmo.int 3324: 3302: 3270: 3241: 3232: 3214: 3196: 3186:. 16 July 2020 3171: 3130: 3124:978-0898621594 3123: 3115:Guilford Press 3101: 3072: 3048: 3041: 3023: 3016: 2998: 2986: 2953: 2935: 2915: 2866: 2837: 2823:. 2018-11-27. 2808: 2787: 2762: 2732: 2699: 2667: 2654: 2638: 2624:. 2020-11-26. 2604: 2597: 2575: 2537: 2536: 2534: 2531: 2530: 2529: 2523: 2518: 2512: 2506: 2500: 2494: 2486: 2483: 2473: 2472: 2452: 2450: 2439: 2436: 2434: 2431: 2415: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2391:wheat, beans, 2366: 2358: 2344: 2341: 2331:diversion dams 2323:infrastructure 2312: 2304: 2302: 2299: 2242:Climate change 2214: 2206: 2204: 2201: 2165: 2157: 2155: 2152: 2121: 2118: 2054: 2051: 2015:Main article: 1986: 1983: 1951:Main article: 1932: 1929: 1917: 1914: 1832: 1829: 1825:climate change 1800:and becomes a 1790:tropical storm 1782:cyclonic storm 1764: 1761: 1724: 1721: 1680:List of floods 1672:Main article: 1669: 1666: 1664: 1661: 1604:Main article: 1585: 1582: 1558: 1550: 1548: 1545: 1542:it in another. 1501: 1493: 1491: 1488: 1400: 1399: 1390: 1389: 1381: 1380: 1379: 1370: 1369: 1361: 1360: 1359: 1358: 1357: 1356: 1348: 1337:Main article: 1334: 1331: 1297:Main article: 1294: 1291: 1289: 1286: 1277: 1274: 1243:Main article: 1220: 1217: 1200:supervolcanoes 1189:Armero tragedy 1125: 1122: 1075: 1072: 1053:Main article: 1050: 1047: 978:Main article: 975: 972: 933: 925: 907: 904: 887:climate change 824:slope failures 805: 797: 773: 770: 768: 765: 755: 752: 687: 684: 618: 615: 611:climate change 606:Socio-economic 592: 591:On the economy 589: 568: 567:On death rates 565: 560: 557: 547: 544: 493: 490: 470: 467: 436:climate change 428:disaster risks 411: 408: 305:natural hazard 254: 251: 212:Climate change 85:natural hazard 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 7301: 7290: 7287: 7285: 7282: 7280: 7277: 7276: 7274: 7259: 7256: 7254: 7251: 7249: 7246: 7244: 7241: 7239: 7238:Meteor shower 7236: 7234: 7231: 7229: 7226: 7225: 7223: 7219: 7209: 7206: 7202: 7199: 7198: 7197: 7194: 7192: 7189: 7188: 7186: 7182: 7176: 7173: 7170: 7166: 7163: 7160: 7156: 7153: 7151: 7148: 7147: 7145: 7141: 7135: 7132: 7131: 7129: 7127: 7123: 7117: 7114: 7112: 7109: 7107: 7104: 7102: 7099: 7098: 7096: 7092: 7089: 7085: 7075: 7072: 7068: 7065: 7064: 7063: 7060: 7059: 7057: 7053: 7047: 7044: 7042: 7039: 7037: 7036:Coastal flood 7034: 7033: 7031: 7028: 7023: 7019: 7016: 7012: 7002: 6999: 6998: 6996: 6994: 6990: 6984: 6981: 6977: 6974: 6973: 6972: 6969: 6968: 6966: 6964: 6960: 6954: 6951: 6949: 6946: 6944: 6941: 6940: 6938: 6935: 6930: 6926: 6920: 6917: 6915: 6912: 6910: 6907: 6905: 6902: 6901: 6899: 6897: 6893: 6890: 6888: 6884: 6880: 6876: 6869: 6864: 6862: 6857: 6855: 6850: 6849: 6846: 6834: 6826: 6825: 6822: 6816: 6813: 6811: 6808: 6806: 6803: 6801: 6798: 6795: 6791: 6790:Civil defense 6788: 6787: 6785: 6783:Organizations 6781: 6774: 6770: 6769:Disaster film 6767: 6766: 6764: 6760: 6754: 6753:Disaster area 6751: 6749: 6746: 6744: 6741: 6739: 6736: 6734: 6731: 6729: 6726: 6724: 6721: 6719: 6716: 6714: 6711: 6710: 6708: 6704: 6698: 6695: 6693: 6690: 6688: 6685: 6683: 6680: 6678: 6675: 6674: 6672: 6668: 6654: 6651: 6649: 6646: 6644: 6641: 6639: 6636: 6634: 6631: 6627: 6624: 6623: 6622: 6619: 6617: 6614: 6612: 6609: 6608: 6606: 6604: 6600: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6575: 6572: 6568: 6565: 6564: 6563: 6560: 6556: 6555:Famine scales 6553: 6551: 6548: 6547: 6546: 6543: 6542: 6540: 6536: 6530: 6527: 6525: 6522: 6520: 6517: 6515: 6512: 6510: 6507: 6505: 6502: 6500: 6497: 6493: 6492:by death toll 6490: 6489: 6488: 6485: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6469: 6467: 6465: 6461: 6455: 6452: 6450: 6447: 6445: 6442: 6440: 6437: 6435: 6432: 6431: 6429: 6425: 6422: 6420: 6416: 6413: 6409: 6399: 6396: 6394: 6391: 6389: 6386: 6384: 6381: 6379: 6378:Meteor shower 6376: 6374: 6371: 6369: 6366: 6365: 6363: 6359: 6349: 6346: 6342: 6339: 6338: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6328: 6326: 6322: 6316: 6313: 6310: 6306: 6303: 6300: 6296: 6293: 6291: 6288: 6287: 6285: 6281: 6275: 6272: 6271: 6269: 6267: 6263: 6257: 6254: 6252: 6249: 6247: 6244: 6242: 6239: 6238: 6236: 6232: 6229: 6225: 6215: 6212: 6208: 6205: 6204: 6203: 6200: 6199: 6197: 6193: 6187: 6184: 6182: 6179: 6177: 6176:Coastal flood 6174: 6173: 6171: 6168: 6163: 6159: 6156: 6152: 6142: 6139: 6138: 6136: 6134: 6130: 6124: 6121: 6117: 6114: 6113: 6112: 6109: 6108: 6106: 6104: 6100: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6080: 6078: 6075: 6070: 6066: 6060: 6057: 6055: 6052: 6050: 6047: 6045: 6042: 6041: 6039: 6037: 6033: 6030: 6028: 6024: 6020: 6016: 6009: 6004: 6002: 5997: 5995: 5990: 5989: 5986: 5982: 5979: 5975: 5969: 5966: 5964: 5963:United States 5961: 5959: 5956: 5954: 5951: 5949: 5946: 5944: 5941: 5939: 5936: 5934: 5931: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5916: 5914: 5911: 5909: 5906: 5904: 5901: 5899: 5896: 5894: 5891: 5889: 5886: 5884: 5881: 5879: 5876: 5874: 5871: 5869: 5866: 5864: 5861: 5859: 5856: 5854: 5851: 5847: 5844: 5842: 5841:by death toll 5839: 5838: 5837: 5834: 5833: 5831: 5827: 5823: 5816: 5811: 5809: 5804: 5802: 5797: 5796: 5793: 5785: 5781: 5777: 5773: 5769: 5765: 5761: 5757: 5753: 5743:on 2010-04-09 5742: 5738: 5734: 5733: 5709: 5702: 5696: 5681: 5677: 5670: 5652: 5645: 5631:on 2015-07-14 5630: 5626: 5620: 5612: 5608: 5603: 5598: 5594: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5571: 5556: 5550: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5522: 5518: 5514: 5510: 5503: 5496: 5493:UNGA (2016). 5490: 5483: 5477: 5475: 5473: 5465: 5459: 5448: 5441: 5433: 5429: 5425: 5421: 5417: 5413: 5409: 5402: 5394: 5390: 5386: 5382: 5378: 5374: 5370: 5363: 5356: 5353:UNGA (2016). 5350: 5348: 5333: 5329: 5323: 5315: 5311: 5306: 5301: 5297: 5293: 5289: 5285: 5278: 5271: 5256: 5252: 5246: 5231: 5224: 5218: 5209: 5204: 5200: 5196: 5192: 5188: 5187: 5182: 5175: 5173: 5171: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5150: 5146: 5142: 5138: 5134: 5127: 5120: 5105: 5101: 5100:www.n-d-a.org 5097: 5091: 5077:on 2006-09-29 5076: 5072: 5068: 5067: 5062: 5055: 5040: 5036: 5032: 5031: 5026: 5020: 5006:on 2007-02-05 5005: 5001: 4994: 4979: 4975: 4971: 4965: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4935: 4928: 4924: 4921: 4915: 4900: 4896: 4890: 4883: 4879: 4876: 4870: 4855: 4851: 4847: 4841: 4826: 4822: 4818: 4812: 4797: 4793: 4789: 4783: 4768: 4764: 4760: 4754: 4739: 4735: 4731: 4724: 4717: 4701: 4697: 4690: 4684: 4678: 4672: 4664: 4658: 4654: 4647: 4639: 4635: 4629: 4614: 4610: 4606: 4600: 4592: 4588: 4584: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4566: 4562: 4558: 4550: 4542: 4538: 4531: 4523: 4519: 4514: 4509: 4505: 4501: 4497: 4493: 4489: 4482: 4480: 4472: 4468: 4465: 4460: 4454: 4450: 4447: 4442: 4435: 4431: 4428: 4421: 4414: 4410: 4406: 4402: 4396: 4380: 4376: 4372: 4365: 4357: 4355:9780849302251 4351: 4347: 4343: 4336: 4328: 4322: 4318: 4314: 4310: 4306: 4299: 4284: 4280: 4274: 4259: 4255: 4251: 4244: 4235: 4231: 4227: 4223: 4218: 4213: 4208: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4190: 4185: 4178: 4170: 4166: 4162: 4158: 4154: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4131: 4123: 4119: 4115: 4111: 4107: 4103: 4099: 4095: 4091: 4087: 4083: 4076: 4061: 4057: 4051: 4044: 4043:9780071778343 4040: 4034: 4018: 4014: 4013:thesaurus.com 4010: 4004: 3989: 3985: 3981: 3977: 3973: 3969: 3965: 3961: 3957: 3953: 3946: 3944: 3935: 3931: 3927: 3923: 3919: 3915: 3908: 3893: 3889: 3885: 3881: 3877: 3873: 3869: 3866:(2): 95–138. 3865: 3861: 3857: 3850: 3835: 3831: 3825: 3821: 3817: 3813: 3812: 3804: 3789: 3785: 3781: 3777: 3770: 3754: 3750: 3749:Direct Relief 3746: 3739: 3731: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3697: 3690: 3674: 3670: 3669: 3664: 3657: 3641: 3637: 3636: 3631: 3625: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3594: 3586: 3582: 3577: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3553: 3551: 3549: 3547: 3545: 3538: 3536: 3531: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3503: 3501: 3499: 3497: 3490: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3472: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3451: 3444: 3438: 3433: 3428: 3424: 3416: 3409: 3403: 3397: 3393: 3387: 3379: 3373: 3369: 3368: 3360: 3358: 3342: 3338: 3334: 3328: 3321: 3318: 3314: 3311: 3306: 3290: 3286: 3285: 3284:The Economist 3280: 3274: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3245: 3236: 3228: 3224: 3218: 3210: 3206: 3200: 3185: 3181: 3175: 3166: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3134: 3126: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3105: 3086: 3085: 3076: 3062: 3058: 3052: 3044: 3042:0-415-25216-4 3038: 3034: 3027: 3019: 3017:1-903544-10-6 3013: 3009: 3002: 2989: 2983: 2979: 2975: 2971: 2967: 2960: 2958: 2942: 2938: 2932: 2928: 2927: 2919: 2911: 2907: 2902: 2897: 2893: 2889: 2885: 2881: 2877: 2870: 2855: 2851: 2848: 2841: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2812: 2794: 2790: 2784: 2780: 2773: 2766: 2751: 2747: 2743: 2736: 2727: 2722: 2718: 2714: 2710: 2703: 2688: 2684: 2678: 2676: 2674: 2672: 2664: 2658: 2651: 2645: 2643: 2627: 2623: 2622:openDemocracy 2619: 2613: 2611: 2609: 2600: 2598:1-85383-964-7 2594: 2590: 2586: 2579: 2565: 2561: 2557: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2545: 2543: 2538: 2527: 2524: 2522: 2519: 2516: 2513: 2510: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2495: 2492: 2489: 2488: 2482: 2480: 2469: 2466:February 2023 2460: 2456: 2453:This section 2451: 2448: 2444: 2443: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2412: 2398: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2378: 2375:, and severe 2374: 2370: 2363: 2354: 2349: 2336: 2332: 2328: 2324: 2320: 2315: 2309: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2282: 2280: 2279:climate risks 2274: 2272: 2268: 2263: 2259: 2257: 2251: 2247: 2244:can increase 2243: 2239: 2235: 2230: 2227:aims to make 2226: 2221:institutions. 2218: 2211: 2197: 2193: 2192:storm cellars 2189: 2185: 2181: 2180:water heaters 2177: 2176:refrigerators 2173: 2169: 2162: 2147: 2143: 2141: 2137: 2131: 2127: 2117: 2115: 2111: 2107: 2103: 2099: 2095: 2090: 2088: 2084: 2080: 2075: 2071: 2067: 2062: 2060: 2059:return period 2050: 2048: 2044: 2040: 2024: 2018: 1996: 1991: 1982: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1964: 1960: 1959:winter storms 1954: 1946: 1942: 1937: 1927: 1923: 1913: 1911: 1906: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1892: 1888: 1884: 1880: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1867:cumulus cloud 1864: 1860: 1854: 1846: 1842: 1837: 1828: 1826: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1805: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1770: 1760: 1758: 1755: 1751: 1745: 1741: 1734: 1729: 1723:Thunderstorms 1720: 1718: 1714: 1710: 1706: 1702: 1695: 1691: 1690:Limpopo River 1686: 1681: 1675: 1660: 1658: 1654: 1650: 1646: 1645:Peshtigo Fire 1642: 1638: 1634: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1618: 1613: 1607: 1599: 1595: 1590: 1578: 1574: 1570: 1566: 1565:conflagration 1562: 1555: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1529: 1525: 1521: 1517: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1498: 1487: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1394: 1385: 1374: 1365: 1353: 1346: 1340: 1330: 1328: 1324: 1320: 1316: 1312: 1306: 1300: 1285: 1283: 1273: 1271: 1267: 1263: 1259: 1252: 1246: 1238: 1234: 1230: 1225: 1216: 1213: 1209: 1205: 1201: 1198:are known as 1197: 1192: 1190: 1186: 1182: 1178: 1174: 1169: 1165: 1161: 1157: 1135: 1131: 1121: 1119: 1115: 1110: 1105: 1101: 1097: 1093: 1089: 1085: 1081: 1071: 1069: 1062: 1056: 1046: 1044: 1040: 1036: 1032: 1028: 1027:seismic waves 1025:that creates 1024: 1023:Earth's crust 1020: 1011: 1004: 1000: 999:San Francisco 996: 991: 987: 981: 968: 964: 962: 956: 954: 950: 946: 942: 938: 930: 921: 920:Mount Everest 917: 912: 900: 896: 892: 888: 884: 880: 876: 875:deforestation 872: 868: 864: 862: 858: 854: 850: 846: 844: 840: 837: 833: 829: 825: 821: 817: 813: 809: 802: 795: 791: 783: 778: 764: 762: 751: 747: 743: 739: 737: 733: 729: 725: 721: 717: 713: 709: 705: 701: 696: 694: 683: 680: 676: 672: 667: 665: 660: 656: 651: 649: 645: 644:microplastics 640: 636: 632: 628: 623: 614: 612: 607: 597: 588: 586: 581: 573: 564: 556: 554: 543: 541: 537: 533: 529: 525: 521: 519: 515: 511: 507: 503: 499: 485: 480: 476: 466: 464: 460: 455: 452: 448: 444: 439: 437: 433: 429: 425: 421: 417: 407: 405: 401: 397: 393: 389: 385: 381: 377: 373: 369: 365: 361: 357: 353: 349: 345: 340: 338: 334: 330: 326: 322: 318: 314: 310: 306: 301: 299: 295: 291: 287: 283: 278: 276: 275:vulnerability 272: 268: 264: 260: 250: 248: 244: 240: 236: 232: 228: 223: 221: 217: 213: 209: 205: 201: 196: 194: 190: 186: 182: 178: 174: 170: 166: 162: 158: 154: 153:thunderstorms 150: 146: 142: 138: 134: 130: 126: 122: 118: 114: 110: 106: 102: 98: 94: 90: 86: 82: 78: 74: 66: 62: 58: 54: 50: 46: 41: 37: 33: 19: 7233:Impact event 7221:Astronomical 7155:Thunderstorm 7150:Bomb cyclone 7014:Hydrological 6983:Volcanic ash 6948:Seismic risk 6896:Mass wasting 6874: 6697:Survival kit 6519:Levee breach 6373:Impact event 6361:Astronomical 6295:Thunderstorm 6290:Bomb cyclone 6154:Hydrological 6123:Volcanic ash 6088:Seismic risk 6036:Mass wasting 6014: 5745:. 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