1006:(a non-Arab movement), and subversive activities against the Umayyad rule in Iberia. The Shu'ubiyyah of Al-Andalus were active like the Arabs in promoting Arab-Islamic culture and language and claimed their integration with the Arab ethnic groups. The Shu'ubiyyah movement demanded equality of power, wealth and status for non-Arab Berbers and the Muwalladun from the Arabs. Some judges of Huesca upheld the cause of the Muwalladun in the beginning of the 10th century, and a literary
403:
451:
679:
855:
992:
in social status. Prominent positions in government and society were usually not available to individuals of Muladi descent. In spite of the
Islamic doctrine of equality and brotherhood of Muslims, the Muwalladun were often looked down upon with the utmost contempt by the Arab and Berber aristocrats and were usually pejoratively referred to as "the sons of slaves".
219:
840:(Iberian Christians under Muslim rule in the Al-Andalus who remained unconverted to Islam), the Muslims of Al-Andalus were notoriously heavy drinkers. The Muslims also celebrated traditional Christian holidays, sometimes with the sponsorship of their leaders, despite the fact that such fraternisation was generally opposed by the
991:
The
Muwalladun were the mainstay of the economic framework of the country. Together with the Mozarabs they constituted the productive classes which were craftsmen and small tradesmen in the towns, and farmers and labourers in the rural countryside. However, they were inferior to the Arabs and Berbers
1033:
as his residence. He rallied disaffected muwallads and mozárabs to his cause. Ibn Hafsun eventually renounced Islam with his sons and became a
Christian, taking the name Samuel and proclaimed himself not only the leader of the Christian nationalist movement, but also the champion at the same time of
827:
The conversion of the native
Christians to Islam did not mean the total erasure of previous beliefs and social practises. There is some evidence of a limited cultural borrowing from the Christians by the Muwalladun and other Muslims in Al-Andalus. For instance, the Muslims' adoption of the Christian
1058:
In 805, the
Muwallads of Córdoba, incited by certain theologians, revolted against the Umayyads under Hakim I, but the uprising was suppressed. In 814, there was a second revolt of Muwallads in Corboba, and this time the revolt was put down with the utmost severity, and resulted in the expulsion of
670:
groups became increasingly blurred in the 11th and 12th centuries. The populations mixed with such rapidity that it was soon impossible to distinguish ethnically the elements of foreign origin from the natives. Thus they merged into a more homogeneous group of
Andalusi Arabs, generally also called
789:
The intermarriage of foreign
Muslims with native Christians made many Muwallads heedless of their Iberian origin. As a result, their descendants and many descendants of Christian converts forgot the descent of their ancestors and assumed forged Arab
334:
means "Christian who, during the domination of the Arabs in Spain, converted to Islam and lived among the
Muslims", while Bernards and Nawas say the plural form of the word seems to be restricted to al-Andalus, almost exclusively to the areas of
995:
The
Muwallads, in turn, in spite of their profession of faith, despised the Arabs whom they viewed as colonialists and foreign intruders. This mutual feeling of hatred and suspicion provoked frequent revolts and led the Muwallads to support the
1016:
The
Muwallads were in almost constant revolt against the Arab and Berber immigrants who had carved out large estates for themselves, farmed by Christian serfs or slaves. The most famous of these revolts were led by a Muwallad rebel named
1078:
The Muwallads were sometimes assisted by the local Mozarab population, and occasionally by the Christian powers in their revolts. For instance, when the Muwalladun of Toledo revolted, aided by the large Mozarabic population of the city,
757:
who became an important social group in Al-Andalus during the 10th and 11th centuries. Upon adopting the ethnic name of their patrons, the emancipated slaves gradually forgot their own ethnic origin. The Muslim slaves were the
1054:
between the two Arab aristocratic families, Banu Hajjaj and Banu Khaldun, and two Muwallad noble families, Banu Angelino and Banu Sabarico, which finally left Ibrahim ibn Hajjaj as the ruler of an independent city-state.
1071:, led by Ibn Marwan. The Muwallads complained of the taxation of their lands as if they were still Christian. The revolt's outcome was the defeat of Ibn Marwan. Mérida was subdued, but the centre of revolt soon moved to
607:. Conversion to Islam also opened up new horizons to the native Christians, alleviated their social position, ensured better living conditions, and broadened their scope for more technically skilled and advanced work.
1034:
a regular crusade against Islam. However, his conversion soon cost him the support of most of his Muwallad supporters who had no intention of ever becoming Christians, and led to the gradual erosion of his power.
320:
means "anyone who, without being of Muslim origin, is born among the Muslims and has been raised as an Arab". The word, according to him, does not necessarily imply Arab ancestry, either paternal or maternal.
1037:
There were also other Muwallad revolts throughout Al-Andalus. In the Elvira region, for instance, discord sprang up between the Muwallads and Moors, the latter being led by Sawar ibn Hamdub, and the poet,
275:, referring to Arabic-speaking Muslims of Hispanic origin who showed the same behaviour patterns as rebels of Arab and Berber origin who had rebelled against Arab rule, such as during the Great
1013:
In Al-Andalus, the large numbers of Christians adopting Islam prompted concern among the authorities about the weakening of the tax base and further inflamed resentment towards the Muwallads.
259:
is 'a person of mixed ancestry', especially a descendant of one Arab and one non-Arab parent, who grew up under the influence of an Arabic society and were educated within the
1636:
1752:
172:
from the population of Arab and Berber extraction was relevant in the first centuries of Islamic rule, however, by the 10th century, they diluted into the bulk of the
1815:
1588:
1098:
Many minor rebels from among the Muladi leadership took possession of various sites, their descendants eventually becoming semi-independent Emirs. These included:
1767:
956:
Several Muwalladun became rich and powerful magnates by means of trade, agriculture, and political activity. The Muwallads of the town the Christians called
363:, denoting a person of African (black) and European (white) ancestry; however, the dictionary of the Real Academia Española and several authorities trace
1039:
1182:
On the western frontier of Al-Andalus, the Muwalladun and Berber families divided control of the region containing Mérida, Badajoz, and their environs.
585:
by the century's end. However, the majority of Muwallads had converted to Islam early, but retained many pre-Islamic customs and characteristics.
1092:
1930:
794:. However, there were a few who were proud of their Roman and Visigothic origins. These included the Banu Angelino and Banu Sabarico of
616:, or clients attached to an Arab tribe, and as such, were thoroughly Islamized, adopting the Arabic dress code, customs, and language.
558:
1925:
914:
1714:
461:
836:
was supplemented by the local solar calendar, which was more useful for agricultural and navigational purposes. Like the local
413:
1811:
1748:
1724:
1632:
1524:
1490:
1451:
1388:
1363:
519:
1415:
491:
1764:
1905:
1887:
1868:
848:
881:
in 797. Towards the end of the 11th century, the Muwalladun held distinctive posts in the judicial departments. The
498:
729:
1196:
965:
476:
557:
of the Iberian Peninsula, parts of the indigenous until-then Christian population (basically a mixture of the
357:
has been offered as one of the possible etymological origins of the still-current Spanish and Portuguese term
1405:
505:
1316:, a Muladi family descending from a Visigothic lord Cassius who became the independent rulers of their own
1879:
1276:
865:
Many Muwallads held key posts in the departments of civil administration, justice, and the armed forces.
577:
in the 8th and 9th centuries. In the 10th century a massive conversion of Christians took place, so that
487:
311:
is sometimes used in Arabic to this day to describe the children of Muslim fathers and foreign mothers.
210:
is used to describe Arabs of mixed parentage, especially those not living in their ancestral homelands.
744:
17:
1560:
710:. This local dialect of Arabic was also spoken by the Berbers and Arabs from the 9th century onwards.
1799:
695:
325:
1157:
725:
165:
1281:
859:
1355:
1080:
125:
1441:
1378:
845:
1231:
1047:
918:
596:
1042:, both of whom fluctuated between insurrection against Abd'Allah and submission to him. In
1029:. Ibn Hafsun ruled over several mountain valleys for nearly forty years, having the castle
550:
1583:
1407:
Africans and Native Americans: The Language of Race and the Evolution of Red-Black Peoples
980:
in the 9th and 10th centuries, became strong enough to break free from the control of the
882:
8:
1648:
1380:
Counter-Narratives: History, Contemporary Society, and Politics in Saudi Arabia and Yemen
1088:
588:
512:
68:
59:
1083:, promptly responded to their appeal for help, but the Emir's forces were routed by the
1920:
1201:
902:
817:
648:
134:
50:
1901:
1883:
1864:
1807:
1744:
1720:
1701:
Some aspects of the socio-economic and cultural history of Muslim Spain 711–1492 A.D.
1628:
1604:
1520:
1486:
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1411:
1384:
1191:
1176:
906:
886:
721:
714:
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691:
472:
421:
177:
161:
1897:
1860:
1246:
1010:
of the middle of the 11th century repeated arguments of Eastern Shu'ubite writers.
783:
779:
703:
643:), in reference to the society from which they sprang. They later were denominated
100:
88:
79:
45:
36:
1068:
747:. A significant part of the Muwalladun was formed by freed slaves. These were the
336:
1844:
1771:
1609:
1514:
1480:
1298:
1226:
1146:
1018:
981:
866:
541:
117:
1482:
On the Edge of Empire: Hadhramawt, Emigration, and the Indian Ocean, 1880s-1930s
832:
and holidays was an exclusively Andalusí phenomenon. In Al-Andalus, the Islamic
599:
but it was not directly forced. Many Christians converted to Islam to avoid the
305:
referred to the offspring of Muslim men and foreign, non-Muslim women. The term
1516:
White Fears and Fantasies: Writing the Nation in Post-abolition Brazil and Cuba
1466:
1161:
1139:
893:
of Córdoba on a Christian convert, whose parents were still Christian, and the
833:
829:
260:
1107:
806:, Banu l' Longo and Banu Qabturno. Several Muwallad nobles also used the name
425:
348:
1914:
1236:
1084:
1002:
926:
897:
found much difficulty in dissuading him. The secretary of the Córdoban emir,
874:
763:
663:
276:
1656:
1256:
942:
562:
424:
by adding information on neglected viewpoints, or discuss the issue on the
1830:
984:
of Córdoba and turn from a semi-autonomous governorship to an independent
1358:[Border identities in the context of Al-Andalus: the Muwallads].
977:
968:
that they rose under a chieftain called Nabil and successfully drove the
733:
655:
732:
a vast but silent majority of Muladi Muslims thrived, especially in the
1652:
1271:
1266:
1251:
1221:
1060:
844:. The Muslims also hedged their religious devotions through the use of
582:
554:
173:
1831:
El caudillo muladí Umar bin Hafsún, pesadilla de los emires de Córdoba
1469:, et al. Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics, BRILL, 2006.
1430:
Dozy, the history of Islamic Spain, Arabic translation, vol 1, p: 156.
1323:
1150:
934:
1313:
1241:
1206:
973:
921:
was descended directly on the maternal side from the Visigothic King
898:
816:'), and some may have been actual descendants from the family of the
799:
791:
774:. The Saqaliba managed to free themselves and gain dominion over the
683:
644:
566:
549:
designates in a broader sense non-Arab Muslims or the descendants of
222:
189:
1849:
1561:"Diccionario de la lengua española | Edición del Tricentenario"
1022:
713:
In the process of acculturation, Muwallads may well have adopted an
666:
and Arabs present in Iberia, the distinctions between the different
450:
1439:
1329:
1261:
1216:
1103:
1030:
938:
910:
759:
749:
1335:
1303:
1211:
1172:
1165:
1128:
1072:
1043:
1007:
997:
930:
922:
878:
837:
821:
795:
767:
717:
678:
592:
359:
344:
340:
854:
770:
Caliphate's superstructure to gain control over the province of
1356:"Identidades fronterizas en el contexto andalusí: los muladíes"
1307:
1135:
1114:
950:
870:
803:
743:
Among the Muwalladun were the free-born, the enfranchised, and
667:
612:
604:
181:
1317:
1293:
1121:
1102:
Ubayd Allah ibn Umayya ibn Shaliya in Shumantan (present-day
1026:
985:
969:
946:
901:, was a Muwallad. The commander of the Córdoban force in the
894:
841:
813:
775:
771:
737:
707:
672:
600:
574:
570:
185:
218:
1051:
890:
468:
380:
1064:
1589:
The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language
1376:
1059:
9,500 Muwallads from Córdoba, with over 1,500 going to
1433:
1548:
Patronate and patronage in early and classical Islam.
766:, who profited from the progressive crumbling of the
1850:
Islamic and Christian Spain in the Early Middle Ages
1625:
Islamic and Christian Spain in the early Middle Ages
1443:
Patronate And Patronage in Early And Classical Islam
1370:
807:
638:
632:
626:
620:
544:
315:
306:
300:
299:), which means 'descendant, offspring, scion, son'.
288:
282:
270:
254:
248:
205:
199:
193:
155:
143:
128:
960:(nowadays Granada), after the former Iberian name
647:because of their non Arabic-tongue, that is, the
1912:
1857:Muslim Spain 711–1492 A.D.: A Sociological Study
1712:
1171:Muhammad ibn ʿUmar ibn Khattab ibn Angelino, of
236:
73:
1765:Description of annular gourd at Qantara website
1512:
1478:
27:Mixed or Iberian Muslims in medieval Al-Andalus
1440:Monique Bernards; John Abdallah Nawas (2005).
1332:, former Muslims who converted to Catholicism.
1306:, local population who remained Christians as
662:and their increasing inter-marriage with some
610:Some christians who converted to Islam became
1876:Muslims in Spain, 1500 to 1614: 1500 to 1614
1716:The Visigoths: Studies in Culture and Society
1695:
1693:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1410:. University of Illinois Press. p. 145.
964:, had become so powerful during the reign of
374:
364:
352:
329:
264:
242:
230:
168:in the early 8th century. The demarcation of
111:
105:
93:
53:
1706:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1472:
581:comprised the majority of the population of
477:introducing citations to additional sources
294:
149:
137:
1582:
1377:M. Al-Rasheed; R. Vitalis (17 March 2004).
858:Depiction of the Muwallads in Iberia, from
384:
1546:cited by Monique Bernards and John Nawas.
559:pre-Roman peoples of the Iberian Peninsula
229:The Spanish, Portuguese and Catalan words
204:('Islamized'). In broader usage, the word
192:origin were also sometimes referred to as
1794:
1792:
1664:
1403:
1067:. In 858, there was a Muwallad revolt in
782:, and their capital, Madina Mayurqa (now
778:, which extended its reach as far as the
1806:, Fairleigh Dickinson Univ Press, 2002,
1326:, Muslims living under Christian rulers.
853:
677:
467:Relevant discussion may be found on the
217:
166:Muslim conquest of the Iberian Peninsula
1617:
1506:
702:was a mixture of Iberian languages and
14:
1913:
1789:
1733:
1383:. Palgrave Macmillan US. p. 136.
1353:
925:. In about 889 a ship carrying twenty
917:. The 10th century Muwallad historian
1892:Salma Khadra Jayyusi, Manuela Marín.
1364:Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata
869:, a Muwallad who was originally from
99:
87:
67:
44:
1743:, Cambridge University Press, 2004,
444:
396:
160:) were the native population of the
1931:People from al-Andalus by ethnicity
1354:Miteva, Yuliya Radoslavova (2018).
1145:ʿAbd al-Malik ibn ʿAbd-al Jamal in
1127:Saʿid ibn Hudhayl in al-Muntliyun (
1000:political agents, the preachers of
324:According to the dictionary of the
295:
150:
138:
121:
24:
889:, once bestowed the post of chief
25:
1942:
1658:Christian Martyrs in Muslim Spain
1185:
1156:Bakr ibn Yahya in Shantamariyyat
706:, though derived especially from
1926:Medieval ethnic groups of Europe
1046:, the second largest city after
603:which they were subjected to as
460:relies largely or entirely on a
449:
401:
269:is the Spanish form of the term
1821:
1776:
1758:
1642:
1597:
1576:
1573:Bernards and Nawas 2005, p. 220
1567:
1553:
730:Abu Jafar ibn Harun of Trujillo
694:, along with a wide variety of
619:The Muwallads were also called
1741:The victors and the vanquished
1610:Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary
1592:(5th ed.). HarperCollins.
1540:
1460:
1424:
1397:
1347:
1197:Abu Jafar ibn Harun al-Turjali
976:dynasty which ruled the upper
966:Abdullah ibn Muhammad al-Umawi
690:The Muwallads primarily spoke
13:
1:
1838:
1661:, Cambridge University Press.
1120:Khayr ibn Shakir in Shudhar (
1113:Saʿid ibn Mastanna in Baghu (
945:in Provence. They spoke both
720:, but without abandoning the
1782:Enderwitz, S. "Shu'ubiyya".
1653:Christians in Muslim Córdoba
1341:
873:, was appointed governor of
247:are derived from the Arabic
213:
164:who adopted Islam after the
7:
1880:University of Chicago Press
1287:
1277:Muhammad al-Tawil of Huesca
860:The Cantigas de Santa Maria
818:Visigothic King of Hispania
808:
639:
633:
627:
621:
545:
316:
307:
301:
289:
283:
271:
255:
249:
206:
200:
194:
156:
144:
129:
10:
1947:
1894:The Legacy of Muslim Spain
1798:Bat Yeʼor, Miriam Kochan,
1786:. Vol. IX (1997), pp. 513.
1485:. SUNY Press. p. 52.
937:established a fortress in
929:Muwallad adventurers from
392:
1713:Alberto Ferreiro (1998).
1160:(the present-day city of
1081:Ordoño I of Asturias
696:Iberian Romance languages
416:toward certain viewpoints
1513:Lyle Scott Nash (2008).
1479:Linda Boxberger (2002).
1446:. BRILL. pp. 219–.
1404:D. Forbes, Jack (1993).
198:. They were also called
1282:Musa ibn Musa al-Qasawi
253:. The basic meaning of
1719:. Brill. p. 304.
1594:Retrieved 26 Sept 2017
1550:BRILL, 2005. Page 220.
1177:Abd ar-Rahman III
1050:, there was a vicious
887:Abd ar-Rahman III
862:
687:
591:was encouraged by the
385:
375:
369:(and from it, English
365:
353:
330:
326:Real Academia Española
265:
243:
237:
231:
226:
112:
106:
94:
83:
74:
63:
54:
40:
1784:Encyclopedia of Islam
1362:(24). Mar del Plata:
1168:, Southern Portugal).
972:out of the city. The
857:
681:
654:Through the cultural
221:
174:society of al-Andalus
1804:Islam and Dhimmitude
1637:Google Print, p. 187
1360:Cuadernos Medievales
1217:Ibn-Rushd (Averroes)
1134:Daysam ibn Ishaq in
473:improve this article
225:text in 16th century
184:descent or of mixed
1816:Google Print, p. 62
1753:Google Print, p. 33
1649:Kenneth Baxter Wolf
903:battle of Alhandega
649:Mozarabic languages
625:('Islamized'), and
589:Conversion to Islam
422:improve the article
314:According to Dozy,
279:of 739/740–743 AD.
89:[muləˈðitə]
1770:2011-10-08 at the
1613:. Merriam-Webster.
1202:Abu Taur of Huesca
863:
688:
555:Muslim-ruled parts
227:
1855:S. M. Imamuddin,
1812:978-0-8386-3943-6
1749:978-0-521-82234-3
1739:Brian A. Catlos,
1726:978-90-04-11206-3
1699:S. M. Imamuddin,
1633:978-90-04-14771-3
1623:Thomas F. Glick,
1526:978-0-549-89033-1
1492:978-0-7914-8935-2
1453:978-90-04-14480-4
1390:978-1-4039-8131-8
1175:rebelled against
1106:in the region of
1021:in the region of
941:, on the Gulf of
911:neo-Muslim Slavic
883:Caliph of Córdoba
700:Andalusian Arabic
692:Andalusian Arabic
538:
537:
523:
443:
442:
162:Iberian Peninsula
101:[muləˈði]
69:[mulɐˈði]
46:[mulaˈði]
16:(Redirected from
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704:Classical Arabic
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597:Emirs of Córdoba
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1299:Umar ibn Hafsun
1290:
1227:Amrus ibn Yusuf
1188:
1019:Umar ibn Hafsun
982:Umayyad dynasty
867:Amrus ibn Yusuf
728:. According to
573:) converted to
542:Islamic history
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261:Islamic culture
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5:
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1874:Harvey, L. P.
1872:
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1525:
1519:. p. 96.
1505:
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1232:Ibn al-Qūṭiyya
1229:
1224:
1219:
1214:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1187:
1186:Notable Muladi
1184:
1180:
1179:
1169:
1154:
1153:) in Portugal,
1143:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1040:Sa'ad ibn Judi
919:Ibn al-Qūṭiyya
913:general named
846:Roman Catholic
834:lunar calendar
830:solar calendar
563:ancient Romans
536:
535:
471:. Please help
457:
455:
448:
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440:
409:
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383:', from Latin
215:
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26:
9:
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1906:90-04-09599-3
1903:
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1888:0-226-31963-6
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1795:
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1237:Ibn al-Yayyab
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1062:
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909:in 938 was a
908:
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764:Ali ibn Yusuf
761:
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746:
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735:
731:
727:
726:Roman kinship
723:
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490: –
489:
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484:Find sources:
478:
474:
470:
464:
463:
462:single source
458:This article
456:
452:
447:
446:
437:
427:
423:
417:
415:
410:This article
408:
399:
398:
390:
387:
382:
377:
373:) to Spanish
372:
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277:Berber Revolt
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180:, Muslims of
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33:
19:
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1828:(in Spanish)
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1599:
1587:
1578:
1569:
1555:
1547:
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1530:. Retrieved
1515:
1508:
1496:. Retrieved
1481:
1474:
1462:
1442:
1435:
1426:
1406:
1399:
1379:
1372:
1359:
1349:
1257:Ibn Gharsiya
1242:Ibn at-Tafiz
1181:
1097:
1077:
1057:
1036:
1015:
1012:
1001:
994:
990:
961:
957:
955:
943:Saint-Tropez
905:against the
879:Hakam I
864:
826:
788:
754:
748:
745:the enslaved
742:
722:bilaterality
712:
689:
659:
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595:caliphs and
587:
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431:
411:
370:
358:
323:
313:
281:
228:
169:
31:
30:
29:
1703:, pp. 26–29
1138:and Lurqa (
1131:near Jaén),
1093:Guadacelete
978:Ebro valley
792:genealogies
734:Extremadura
656:Arabization
1915:Categories
1839:References
1272:Ibn Quzman
1267:Ibn Marwan
1252:Ibn Faradi
1222:Al-Qurtubi
1061:Alexandria
1003:Shu'ubiyya
849:sacraments
736:region of
645:Aljamiados
637:, plural:
583:Al-Andalus
546:muwalladun
499:newspapers
414:unbalanced
308:muwalladin
272:muwalladun
157:muwalladīn
145:muwalladūn
60:Portuguese
18:Muwalladun
1921:Muwallads
1651:(1988), "
1605:"mulatto"
1584:"mulatto"
1342:Footnotes
1314:Banu Qasi
1247:Ibn Ammar
1207:Al-Tutili
1089:Asturians
974:Banu Qasi
899:Abd Allah
800:Banu Qasi
762:, led by
684:Aljamiado
682:Poems in
601:jizya tax
567:Visigoths
553:. In the
529:June 2023
469:talk page
434:June 2023
426:talk page
223:Aljamiado
214:Etymology
201:Musalimah
107:muladites
1900:, 1992.
1882:, 2005.
1863:(1981),
1768:Archived
1366:: 15–17.
1330:Moriscos
1324:Mudéjars
1304:Mozarabs
1288:See also
1262:Ibn Hazm
1192:Abu Hafs
1158:al-Gharb
1104:Somontin
1095:in 854.
1085:Toledans
1031:Bobastro
939:Fraxinet
907:Zamorans
838:Mozarabs
812:, ('the
760:Saqaliba
750:Saqaliba
724:of late
660:muladies
579:muladies
551:converts
488:"Muladí"
317:Muwallad
302:Muwallad
284:Muwallad
256:muwallad
250:muwallad
244:muladita
207:muwallad
195:Muwallad
190:Sicilian
170:muladíes
130:muwallad
84:muladita
55:muladíes
1336:Wulayti
1308:dhimmis
1212:Al-Udri
1173:Seville
1166:Algarve
1151:Mértola
1129:Monleon
1091:on the
1073:Badajoz
1048:Córdoba
1044:Seville
1008:epistle
998:Abbasid
935:Almería
931:Pechina
923:Wittiza
822:Wittiza
809:Al-Quti
796:Seville
768:Umayyad
715:agnatic
664:Berbers
622:Muslima
605:dhimmis
593:Umayyad
513:scholar
420:Please
412:may be
393:History
371:mulatto
345:Seville
341:Granada
113:muladís
80:Catalan
75:muladis
37:Spanish
1904:
1886:
1867:
1810:
1747:
1723:
1655:", in
1631:
1532:26 May
1523:
1498:26 May
1489:
1450:
1414:
1387:
1136:Murcia
1115:Priego
1069:Mérida
1023:Málaga
962:Ilbira
958:Elvira
951:Arabic
927:Berber
915:Najdah
895:Fuqaha
875:Toledo
871:Huesca
804:Aragon
668:Muslim
628:elches
613:Mawali
515:
508:
501:
494:
486:
366:mulato
360:mulato
354:Muladí
337:Mérida
331:muladí
266:Muladi
238:muladi
232:muladí
188:, and
178:Sicily
151:مولدين
139:مولدون
126:trans.
118:Arabic
104:, pl.
95:muladí
72:, pl.
64:muladi
41:muladí
32:Muladí
1898:BRILL
1861:BRILL
1318:taifa
1294:Moors
1140:Lorca
1122:Jodar
1027:Ronda
986:taifa
970:Moors
947:Latin
933:near
842:Ulema
776:taifa
772:Denia
755:Slavs
753:, or
738:Spain
708:Latin
673:Moors
575:Islam
571:Suebi
520:JSTOR
506:books
386:mūlus
290:walad
182:local
176:. In
1902:ISBN
1884:ISBN
1865:ISBN
1808:ISBN
1745:ISBN
1721:ISBN
1629:ISBN
1534:2013
1521:ISBN
1500:2013
1487:ISBN
1448:ISBN
1412:ISBN
1385:ISBN
1162:Faro
1147:Beja
1108:Jaén
1087:and
1052:feud
1025:and
949:and
891:qadi
814:Goth
640:ulus
569:and
492:news
381:mule
376:mulo
349:Jaén
347:and
186:Arab
122:مولد
1164:in
1065:Fez
877:by
802:of
786:).
658:of
634:ilj
540:In
475:by
296:ولد
241:or
148:or
135:pl.
110:or
92:or
51:pl.
1917::
1896:.
1878:.
1859:,
1847::
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1791:^
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432:(
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418:.
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293:(
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