Islamic culture - Knowledge

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have eaten, except what you slaughter, and what is sacrificed on stones set up (for idols) and that you divide by the arrows; that is a transgression. This day have those who disbelieve despaired of your religion, so fear them not, and fear Me. This day have I perfected for you your religion and completed My favor on you and chosen for you Islam as a religion; but whoever is compelled by hunger, not inclining willfully to sin, then surely Allah is Forgiving, Merciful.

2118: 6860: 31: 5595: 3526:) to the bride, as stipulated in the contract. With Muslims coming from diverse backgrounds including 49 Muslim-majority countries, plus a strong presence as large minorities throughout the world there are many variations on Muslim weddings. Generally in a Muslim family, a woman's sphere of operation is the home and a man's corresponding sphere is the outside world. However, in practice, this separation is not as rigid as it appears. 1887: 2102: 6884: 1395: 740: 3243: 2662: 6872: 5543: 2043:, which can "roughly" be seen as their eventual successors, took this tradition over. Persian was the official court language of the empire, and for some time, the official language of the empire, though the lingua franca amongst common people from the 15th/16th century would become Turkish as well as having laid an active "foundation" for the Turkic language as early as the 4th century (see 804: 2832:– an intentionally metaphorical term whose meaning is best translated as 'shadows of the imagination' or 'shadow of fancy' survives. This is a shadow play with live music .."the accompaniment of drums, tambourines and flutes...also..."special effects" – smoke, fire, thunder, rattles, squeaks, thumps, and whatever else might elicit a laugh or a shudder from his audience" 2258:

prohibition of idolatry, but many Muslims regard such images as forbidden. In secular art of the Muslim world, representations of human and animal forms historically flourished in nearly all Islamic cultures, although, partly because of opposing religious sentiments, figures in paintings were often stylized, giving rise to a variety of decorative figural designs.

2906: 2447: 2321:, it encompasses a diverse array of works created in a wide variety of contexts. The prevalence of calligraphy in Islamic art is not directly related to its non-figural tradition; rather, it reflects the centrality of the notion of writing and written text in Islam. Muhammad is said to have said: "The first thing God created was the pen." 4144:

the Persians after Firdausi. His nisbah designates him as a native of Ganja (Elizavetpol, Kirovabad) in Azerbaijan, then still a country with an Iranian population, and he spent the whole of his life in Transcaucasia; the verse in some of his poetic works which makes him a native of the hinterland of Qom is a spurious interpolation."

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Forbidden to you is that which dies of itself, and blood, and flesh of swine, and that on which any other name than that of Allah has been invoked, and the strangled (animal) and that beaten to death, and that killed by a fall and that killed by being smitten with the horn, and that which wild beasts

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is pronounced in the right ear of the child. In the seventh day, the aquiqa ceremony is performed, in which an animal is slaughtered and its meat is distributed among the poor. The head of the child is also shaved, and an amount of money equaling the weight of the child's hair is donated to the poor.

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All these regions were connected by trade long before the Islamic conquests of the 7th century and later, and it is likely that musical styles travelled the same routes as trade goods. However, lacking recordings, we can only speculate as to the pre-Islamic music of these areas. Islam must have had a

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and their rituals have been an omnipresent part of Muslim life for most of Islam's history and were largely responsible for the spread of Islam throughout the world, their following and influence has sharply declined since the late 19th century, having been vigorously opposed and combated in turns by

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C. A. (Charles Ambrose) Storey and Franço de Blois (2004), "Persian Literature - A Biobibliographical Survey: Volume V Poetry of the Pre-Mongol Period", RoutledgeCurzon; 2nd revised edition (June 21, 2004). p. 363: "Nizami Ganja'i, whose personal name was Ilyas, is the most celebrated native poet of

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Franklin Lewis, Rumi Past and Present, East and West, Oneworld Publications, 2000. How is it that a Persian boy born almost eight hundred years ago in Khorasan, the northeastern province of Greater Iran, in a region that we identify today as Central Asia, but was considered in those days as part of

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had developed towards a fully accepted language of literature, which was even able to satisfy the demands of a scientific presentation. However, the number of Persian and Arabic loanwords contained in those works increased at times up to 88%. However, Turkish was proclaimed the official language of

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Tell them (O Muhammad!): 'I do not find in what has been revealed to me anything forbidden for anyone who wants to eat unless it is carrion, outpoured blood and the flesh of swine, all of which is unclean; or that which is profane having been slaughtered in a name other than that of Allah. But

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patterns. However, representations of Muhammad (in some cases, with his face concealed) and other religious figures are found in some manuscripts from lands to the east of Anatolia, such as Persia and India. These pictures were meant to illustrate the story and not to infringe on the Islamic

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through much of the 20th century as part of the country's drive towards secular "modernisation", and the order's properties have been expropriated and the country's mosques put out of its control, which has radically diminished its influence in modern Turkey. In 2008,

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grew in importance in both poetry and prose becoming, by the beginning of the 18th century, the official language of the Empire. Unlike India, where Persian remained the official and principal literary language of both Muslim and Hindu states until the 19th century.

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in the 14th century, Muslim writers began to enrich the Bengali language for over 600 years, often being actively supported and promoted by the rulers themselves. The early 20th century brought a new era for Bengali Islamic literature, with its most notable poet

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Some interpretations of Islam include a ban of depiction of animate beings, also known as aniconism. Islamic aniconism stems in part from the prohibition of idolatry and in part from the belief that creation of living forms is God's prerogative. Although the

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He has only forbidden you ˹to eat˺ carrion, blood, swine, and what is slaughtered in the name of any other than Allah. But if someone is compelled by necessity—neither driven by desire nor exceeding immediate need—then surely Allah is All-Forgiving, Most

1784:, are sometimes included. At the same time, not all literature written in Persian is written by ethnic Persians or Iranians; Turkic, Caucasian, and Indian poets and writers have also used the Persian language in the environment of Persianate societies. 2027:. However, for centuries to come the official language in Turkish-speaking areas would remain Persian. In Anatolia, with the advent of the Seljuks, the practise and usage of Persian in the region would be strongly revived. A branch of the 2332:. There are several variations of each, as well as regionally specific styles. Islamic calligraphy has also been incorporated into modern art beginning with the post-colonial period in the Middle East, as well as the more recent style of 3516:

Apart from fulfilling the basic needs of food, shelter, and education, the parents or the elderly members of family also undertake the task of teaching moral qualities, religious knowledge, and religious practices to the children.

3106:. The Chishti order remains one of the largest and strongest Muslim religious orders in the world by far, retaining a vast influence on the spirituality and culture of around 500 million Muslims living in the Indian subcontinent. 2317:; chapters and excerpts from the Qur'an are a common and almost universal text upon which Islamic calligraphy is based. However, Islamic calligraphy is not limited to strictly religious subjects, objects, or spaces. Like all 2188:

and other religious figures in books of history and poetry; since the 20th century Muhammad has mostly been shown as though wearing a veil hiding his face, and many earlier miniatures were overpainted to use this convention.

3520:, which serves as the foundation of a Muslim family, is a civil contract which consists of an offer and acceptance between two qualified parties in the presence of two witnesses. The groom is required to pay a bridal gift ( 2938:

pronounced gender based rulings on dance, making it permissible for women within a female only environment, as is often performed at celebrations, but discouraging men to engage in it. Other classical authorities including

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also called the Mosque of Uqba is at the same time the oldest mosque in North Africa (founded in 670 and still used as a place of worship) and one of the most important monuments of Islamic civilisation, situated in

2889:(modern-day Bangladesh), playwrights emerged such as Ibrahim Khan (1894-1978), Ibrahim Khalil (b. 1916), Akbar ad-Din (1895-1978) and others. These playwrights would create plays related to the Islamic history of 2472: 4576: 3537:

as Muslims want their last word to be their profession of faith. After the death, the body is appropriately bathed by the members of the same gender and then enshrouded in a threefold white garment called

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Many forms of dancing arts are practised in Muslim cultures, both in religious and secular contexts (such as folk and tribal dances, court dances, dances of celebration during weddings and festivals,

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in styles that are typically found in a wide variety of media, from small objects in ceramic or metalwork to large decorative schemes in tiling on the outside and inside of large buildings, including

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animal slaughtered in the name of God by a Muslim, Jew, or Christian, with the exception of game that one has hunted or fished for oneself. Food permissible for Muslims is known as

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In addition to these strictly religious forms of dance, colourful dancing processions traditionally take place in Muslim communities during weddings and public celebrations such as

2783:. Although it narrates primarily pre-Islamic legends, it is also an important stage for Islamic epics such as the adventures of Amir Hamzah (pictured). Islamic Wayang is known as 1929:, the Persian-Islamic culture of the eastern half of the Islamic world started to influence the Indian culture. Persian was the official language of most Indian empires such as the 4154:

the Greater Persian cultural sphere, wound up in Central Anatolia on the receding edge of the Byzantine cultural sphere, in which is now Turkey, some 1500 miles to the west? (p. 9)

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chose Persian for some of his major poetic works. The first Persian language newspaper was also published in India, given that printing machines were first implemented in India.

4628: 2966:, "recollection" (of God) is a meditative form of worship different from ritual prayer where the seeker focuses all of his senses and thoughts on God in the hope of attaining 2056:

in the 17th century, though it did not manage to become the official language in a wider area or larger empire until the advent of the Ottomans. With the establishment of the

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came to power in 750, Persians became its scribes and bureaucrats and, increasingly, also its writers and poets. The New Persian language literature arose and flourished in

3254: 3051: 3008:. Al-Ghazzali emphasized how the practices of music and dance are beneficial to religious seekers, as long as their hearts are pure before engaging in these practices. 2839:

puppets are known to have existed much earlier than 1000, but initially only glove and string puppets were popular in Iran. Other genres of puppetry emerged during the

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whosoever is constrained to it by necessity - neither desiring to disobey nor exceeding the limit of necessity - your Lord is surely All Forgiving, All-Compassionate.

2817:. The advocates of this view claim that when Yavuz Sultan Selim conquered Egypt in 1517, he saw shadow theatre performed during an extacy party put on in his honour. 2996:

and the mystical states it induces in worshippers, as well as regulating the etiquette attached to these ceremonies, in his short treatise on Islamic spirituality

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or Quranic phrases, and may be done at rest or with rhythmic movements and controlling one's breath. Traditional Islamic orders have developed varied

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peoples), and other forms of dance used for entertainment or sometimes healing such as belly dancing (principally associated with Egyptian culture).

5118: 4988: 2427: 1972:, Muslim writers were exploring different themes through Islamic narratives and epics such as culture, cosmology, love and history. Starting from 3353:

also have large Muslim populations, but these areas have had less influence than the heartland on the various traditions of Islamic music. For

2577:); erected between the 2nd and the 3rd century, it is a majestic square tower consisting of three superimposed tiers of gradual size and decor. 2184:. Manuscripts of the Qur'an and other sacred texts have always been strictly kept free of such figures, but there is a long tradition of the 2180:

showing realistic representations of individuals (and animals) did not develop until the late 16th century in miniature painting, especially

6895: 1791:'s assessment of it as one of the four main bodies of world literature, Persian literature has its roots in surviving works of Middle and 4888: 4523:

Roxburgh, David J. (2008). ""The Eye is Favored for Seeing the Writing's Form": On the Sensual and the Sensuous in Islamic Calligraphy".

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by the Turkish people emigrating from Central Asia. Other scholars claim that shadow theatre came to Anatolia in the 16th century from

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great influence on music, as it united vast areas under the first caliphs, and facilitated trade between distant lands. Certainly the

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and other Indian literature. More Persian literature was produced in India than in the Iranian world. As late as the 20th century,

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and geometric and interlace patterned ornament. The principal Islamic architectural types for large or public buildings are: the

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espousing intense rebellion against colonialism and oppression, in addition to writing a highly acclaimed collection of Bengali

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In a Muslim family, the birth of a child is attended with some religious ceremonies. Immediately after the birth, the words of

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Islamic architecture may be identified with the following design elements, which were inherited from the first mosque built by

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similar to the Mevlevis, as well as other forms of devotional dance. The order is strongly associated with the development of

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was so impressed with it that he took the puppeteer back to his palace in Istanbul. There his 47-year-old son, later Sultan

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is traditionally non-representational, except for the widespread use of plant forms, usually in varieties of the spiralling

6471: 5368: 5342: 4207: 3546:, it is first taken to a mosque where funeral prayer is offered for the dead person, and then to the graveyard for burial. 2613: 2863:). The dialogue takes place between the morshed and the puppets. Puppetry remains very popular in Iran, the touring opera 4915: 2809:

from the Chinese and transmitted to the Turkish peoples of Central Russia. Thus the art of Shadow Theatre was brought to

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and all other lands which the Muslims conquered in the 7th and 8th centuries. Further east, it was also influenced by

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Arabic literature emerged in the 5th century with only fragments of the written language appearing before then. The

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Language policy and language conflict in Afghanistan and its neighbors: the changing politics of language choice

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exercises including sometimes highly elaborate ritual dances accompanied by Sufi poetry and classical music.

2910: 2797:, the Turkish Shadow Theatre has influenced puppetry widely in the region. It is thought to have passed from 2393:. Later it developed distinct characteristics in the form of buildings, and the decoration of surfaces with 1494: 1114: 763: 4485:

Blair, Sheila S. (Spring 2003). "The Mirage of Islamic Art: Reflections on the Study of an Unwieldy Field".

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in 1947, religion-based nationalism was strong and affected the theatre in both wings of the country. In

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is a Persian traditional puppet show which is performed in a small chamber by a musical performer and a

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from the German by Emilie and Jenny Marmorstein. . London: Routledge, 1992. xx, 298 p., sparsely ill.

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food. It is indicated in these verses of Quran, guidelines for Muslims about the consumption of meat:

3125:'s Sunni minority, is a notable exception in that they do not use music and dancing in the context of 2947:

allow it without this distinction, but criticised dancing which is "languid" or excites carnal lusts.

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and adopted Persian as their court language. There is thus Persian literature from Iran, Mesopotamia,

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refers to the historic cultural practices that developed among the various peoples living in the

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became widely acclaimed for her musical talents across South Asia in the field of modern music .

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Whilst theatre is permitted by Islam, Islam does not allow for any performances to depict God,

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court cultures, as well as innumerable local folk and tribal dances (for instance amongst

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does not explicitly prohibit visual representation of any living being, it uses the word

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of the depiction of human and animal figures, especially in painting and small anonymous

2137: 1418: 1314: 948: 848: 505: 464: 156: 103: 6223: 2009:. The UNESCO General Conference took the decision that took effect on 17 November 1999, 1803:. The bulk of surviving Persian literature, however, comes from the times following the 6805: 6738: 6586: 6546: 6466: 6328: 6308: 6263: 6253: 6243: 6203: 6132: 6107: 6077: 6057: 6052: 6020: 5922: 5720: 5705: 5700: 5695: 5627: 5617: 5598: 5442: 5417: 5282: 3958: 3885: 3632: 3192:, and in recent decades have been the target of vocal opposition by the fundamentalist 3030: 2704: 2637: 2438: 2370: 2285: 2198: 2164:) include figures, often in large numbers, as do their equivalents in Arab, Mughal and 2079: 2018: 1986: 1946: 1877: 1734: 1666: 1661: 1657: 1645: 1564: 1510: 1462: 1338: 1295: 1265: 1248: 1223: 1168: 1124: 836: 555: 550: 520: 515: 480: 450: 440: 421: 166: 2551:

Large courtyards often merged with a central prayer hall (originally a feature of the

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expanded rapidly, Muslim culture was further influenced and assimilated much from the

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Ghazzālī, and Claud Field. The Alchemy of Happiness. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, 1991.

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Muslims are restricted in their diet. Prohibited foods include pork products, blood,

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was physically destroyed by the state in the 1930s). Wahhabi militant groups such as

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can be performed individually or with like-minded followers under the direction of a

2970:(experiential knowledge of God) and triggering mystic states within him- or herself. 2914: 2894: 2514: 2165: 2157: 2122: 2095: 2036: 1978: 1942: 1849: 1814: 1796: 1586: 1581: 1470: 1466: 1379: 1343: 1290: 1203: 1163: 1025: 565: 530: 525: 500: 485: 475: 430: 412: 264: 4822: 6864: 6750: 6703: 6651: 6631: 6606: 6541: 6498: 6456: 6420: 6403: 6393: 6368: 6358: 6353: 6348: 6182: 6137: 6127: 5983: 5968: 5905: 5846: 5811: 5750: 5715: 5710: 5637: 5622: 5561: 4763: 3616: 3475: 2890: 2601: 2569:, meaning "light"). The oldest standing minaret in the world is the minaret of the 2552: 2547:, as well as from other pre-Islamic features adapted from churches and synagogues. 2526: 2366: 2181: 2032: 2024: 1994: 1938: 1906: 1818: 1188: 1183: 1134: 1119: 1104: 1013: 892: 570: 545: 540: 455: 387: 348: 259: 245: 216: 3189: 3033:"). The Mevlevi order, its rituals and Ottoman classical music has been banned in 2619:

Domes (the earliest Islamic use of which was in the 8th-century mosque of Medina).

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or towers (which were originally used as torch-lit watchtowers for example in the

2482:, built in the 11th century, is a large monument and a popular tourist attraction. 191: 6840: 6835: 6760: 6621: 6576: 6566: 6488: 6425: 6398: 6373: 6343: 6338: 6318: 6313: 6097: 6072: 6005: 5863: 5372: 5359: 5352: 5346: 4862: 3938: 3771: 3696: 3620:("funeral prayer") over the bathed and enshrouded dead body, and burying it in a 3611: 3568: 3492: 3459: 3288:

is a multicultural religion, the musical expression of its adherents is diverse.

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are also known in the West and have influenced the literature of many countries.

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has been typically characterized by the absence of figures and extensive use of

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Yale University Press Pelican History of Art, Penguin Books Ltd., 1965, p. 285.

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Many Muslims are very familiar to listening to music. The classic heartland of

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and has been adopted (with some modifications) by other Sufi orders as well.

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and Middle East, glorifying past Muslim rulers as well as the history of the

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From the 11th century, there was a growing body of Islamic literature in the

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practices mainly fall into the category of personal cleanliness and health.

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https://www.islamicstudies.info/tafheem.php?sura=6&verse=145&to=150

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Persian Studies in North America: Studies in Honor of Mohammad Ali Jazayery

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Not all Persian literature is written in Persian; works written by ethnic

6820: 6723: 6693: 6378: 5836: 5735: 5642: 4835: 4430:(Reprinted with corrections ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. 3963: 3894: 3807: 3636: 3439: 3435: 3354: 3273: 3140: 3081: 2989: 2940: 2712: 2318: 2277: 2242: 2149: 2129: 2074: 1822: 1792: 1702: 1678: 1506: 1454: 1151: 1109: 1033: 377: 372: 367: 357: 226: 132: 5092:"Damadam mast Qalandar is a cry of rebellion against established orders" 3602:") before meals, and using only the right hand for eating and drinking. 2843:

era (18th–19th century) as influences from Turkey spread to the region.

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colonial administrations and by Muslim modernists and secularists like

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and the most ancient of the major Sufi orders, also practices forms of

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One of the oldest, and most enduring, forms of puppet theatre is the

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in the lands sharing a common Islamic cultural heritage. It includes

1633: 1626: 1528: 1486: 1055: 701: 678: 618: 294: 284: 30: 1473:, was predominantly based on the existing cultural practices of the 289: 5091: 5072: 3916: 3907: 3898: 3889: 3880: 3730: 3424: 3416: 3319: 3225: 3070: 2810: 2693: 2652:

Focus on the interior space of a building rather than the exterior.

2605: 2540: 2494: 2479: 2459: 2418: 2358: 2234: 2177: 2087: 1837: 1830: 1826: 1773: 1762: 1706: 1365: 1333: 1047: 981: 309: 201: 27:

Cultural practices common among various peoples of the Muslim world

4629:"Kairouan Capital of Political Power and Learning in the Ifriqiya" 4200:"Commemorating the International Mother Language Day- February 21" 2365:. It encompasses both secular and religious styles from the early 1886: 1825:

because of political reasons, early Iranian dynasties such as the

653: 319: 5584: 3784: 3775: 3748: 3744: 3628: 3594: 3534: 3504: 3503:

to the household of one's daughter's in-laws during the month of

3443: 3307: 3213: 3193: 3161: 3110: 3098: 3077: 2818: 2806: 2794: 2574: 2558: 2463: 2369:

to the present day. Early Islamic architecture was influenced by

2172:

albums were private works owned by the elite. Larger figures in

2169: 2145: 2101: 2028: 1954: 1787:

Described as one of the great literatures of humanity, including

1742: 1539: 1514: 1458: 1198: 875: 668: 658: 628: 603: 598: 402: 329: 236: 35: 3242: 2661: 5895: 5542: 5059: 4691:

Pilgrimage: from the Ganges to Graceland : an encyclopedia

4654:

Art of Islam, Language and Meaning : Commemorative Edition

3849: 3762: 3735: 3721: 3572: 3455: 3451: 3408: 3342: 3323: 3269: 3258: 3201: 3181: 3169: 3165: 3134: 3062: 3047: 3039: 3034: 2975: 2952: 2776: 2740: 2708: 2697: 2685: 2593: 2581: 2544: 2406: 2398: 2313:

The development of Islamic calligraphy is strongly tied to the

2230: 2210: 2153: 2002: 1982: 1969: 1914: 1902: 1788: 1781: 1710: 1610: 1598: 1218: 1208: 997: 965: 957: 942: 936: 820: 726: 648: 613: 397: 324: 314: 304: 299: 274: 211: 181: 161: 4261:

History of Humanity: From the seventh to the sixteenth century

3117:

music, as well as Sub-Saharan Africa and South-East Asia. The

5317: 3867: 3820: 3780: 3766: 3757: 3726: 3640: 3512: 3500: 3447: 3346: 3285: 3265: 3221: 3114: 3058: 2958: 2814: 2802: 2798: 2589: 2585: 2362: 2325: 2229:(maker of forms, artist) as an epithet of God. The corpus of 2222: 2113:, reflects a melding of indigenous and Islamic sensibilities. 1738: 1730: 1698: 1606: 1450: 1360: 1238: 929: 887: 880: 803: 795: 588: 339: 279: 269: 254: 186: 151: 4604:

Tracing The Way: Spiritual Dimensions of the World Religions

3586:, or Islamic etiquette. This includes greeting others with " 3255:

Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity

3052:

Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Heritage of Humanity

1737:(in what is now Tajikistan), wrote in Persian, and lived in 1644:

and its literature. Arabic literature flourished during the

5397:

http://islamicstudies.info/reference.php?sura=5&verse=3

5386: 4750:

Moreh, Shmuel (1986), "Live Theatre in Medieval Islam", in

3816: 3712: 3543: 3529:

Certain religious rites are performed during and after the

3522: 3370: 3246: 3209: 3122: 2934: 2905: 2836: 2766:

literature, though they were less common than puppetry and

2623: 2410: 2402: 1958: 1726: 1694: 1690: 989: 897: 663: 623: 171: 5553: 1953:. Persian artistic forms in literature and poetry such as 4940: 4839:(Online ed.). Dhaka, Bangladesh: Banglapedia Trust, 3080:

order, traditionally the dominant Islamic institution in

2745: 1925:

For a thousand years, since the invasion of India by the

1461:

identity. The earliest forms of Muslim culture, from the

593: 4394:(2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. pp. 14–15. 3533:. Those near a dying man encourage him to pronounce the 1629:, and which implies politeness, culture and enrichment. 4425: 2584:

or niche on an inside wall indicating the direction to

5031: 4722: 4326: 4324: 3318:, a nomadic tribe that converted to Islam, conquered 2828:

In other areas the style of shadow puppetry known as

2700:

or matters detailed in the religion that are unseen.

2324:

Islamic calligraphy developed from two major styles:

1769:, India, Tajikistan and other parts of Central Asia. 4836:

Banglapedia: the National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh

3334:, also had a strong influence on Islamic music. See 3109:

Other examples of devotional dance are found in the

4686:Davidson, Linda Kay; Gitlitz, David Martin (2002). 4555:

A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method

4321: 2565:; hence the derivation of the word from the Arabic 2156:figures as part of a decorative scheme. Almost all 1729:, one of the best-loved Persian poets, was born in 5416: 5281: 5176:. Indiana: Indiana University Press. p. 120. 4820: 4428:The art and architecture of Islam : 1250–1800 4355: 2310:), meaning Islamic line, design, or construction. 5255:. Cambridge: The Islamic Texts Society. pp. 4389: 1669:comprises oral compositions and written texts in 6909: 4941:Cahill, Lisa Sowle; Farley, Margaret A. (1995). 4307:The Ashgate Research Companion to Border Studies 4068:Campbell, George L.; King, Gareth, eds. (2013). 2272:Islamic calligraphy is the artistic practice of 1553:variations in the application of Islamic beliefs 5165: 5163: 4785:Tradition Folk The Site by Hayali Mustafa Mutlu 4685: 4353: 4121:, Charles Scribner's Sons. 2002, vol. 4, p. 480 2176:are exceptionally rare until recent times, and 4726:Medieval Islamic Civilization: An Encyclopedia 4506:. Sebastopol, CA: Solipsist Press. pp. 17–37. 4473:"Arabic calligraphy as a typographic exercise" 3054:, and the practice is now regaining interest. 2192: 5569: 5377: 5231:The Oxford Dictionary of Islam (2003), p. 339 5196: 5139: 4803:The History of Theatre in Iran: Willem Floor: 4689:Linda Kay Davidson and David Martin Gitlitz, 4470: 4426:Blair, Sheila S.; Bloom, Jonathan M. (1995). 3096:and semi-classical devotional genres such as 1419: 764: 5160: 4452:Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture 4067: 3220:ceremonies in terrorist attacks, notably in 3200:(where most of the heritage associated with 2629:Use of geometric shapes and repetitive art ( 2534: 2305: 1640:, would have the greatest lasting effect on 5279: 5173:Islam: Its History, Teaching, and Practices 4794:Article Saudi Aramco World 1999/John Feeney 4760:Studies in Islamic History and Civilization 4723:Meri, Josef W.; Bacharach, Jere L. (2006). 4534: 4385: 4383: 2626:to intermediate between different sections. 2233:(sayings attributed to the Islamic prophet 1874:Persian language in the Indian subcontinent 1749:conquered large territories in Central and 5576: 5562: 4648: 4577:"A Tour of Architecture in Islamic Cities" 4542:Early Christian and Byzantine Architecture 4464: 4032: 4003: 2992:discussed the use of music and dancing in 1558: 1426: 1412: 771: 757: 5461: 5447:(3rd ed.). Oxford University Press. 5332: 5190: 4076:(3rd ed.). Routledge. p. 1339. 2703:The most popular forms of theatre in the 1617:. The Arabic word used for literature is 1551:Owing to a variety of factors, there are 5437: 5234: 5169: 5032:Friedlander, Shems; Uzel, Nezih (1992). 4600: 4380: 3686: 3563: 3483: 3241: 3019:, which was the main Sunni order of the 2904: 2675: 2660: 2202: 2148:. However, there is a long tradition in 2121:"Advice of the Ascetic", a 16th-century 2116: 2100: 2078: 2047:). After a period of several centuries, 1885: 1534: 1523: 29: 5464:What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam 4967: 4920:. Indiana University Press. p. 4. 4409:"Figural Representation in Islamic Art" 4392:What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam 4281:Ga ́bor A ́goston, Bruce Alan Masters. 4170:Dhaka University Journal of Linguistics 4163: 4117:Von David Levinson; Karen Christensen, 4038: 4009: 3582:Many practices fall in the category of 1455:enabled their cultures to come together 14: 6910: 5480: 5414: 5326: 5225: 5102: 5089: 4993:); Section r40.4 on "Dancing", p. 794" 4886: 4560: 4403: 4401: 4333:Persian Historiography & Geography 4164:Rabbani, AKM Golam (7 November 2017). 4061: 3102:through famed pioneer figures such as 2727:, where actors re-enact episodes from 2711:theatre (which included hand puppets, 1681:, and it is one of the world's oldest 1555:in different cultures and traditions. 5557: 5423:. Blackwell Publishing Professional. 5252:Remembering God: Reflections on Islam 5248: 5090:Akhtar, Suleman (February 20, 2017). 4917:Muslim Women Sing: Hausa Popular Song 4749: 4729:. Taylor & Francis. p. 807. 4419: 4362:. Harvard University Press. pp. 3549: 3407:is the collection of 4,000 songs and 3005:The Revival of the Religious Sciences 1625:, which is derived from a meaning of 6871: 6472:Role of Christianity in civilization 5419:A Guide to Food Laws and Regulations 4913: 4180:from the original on 11 October 2017 6883: 5516: 4444: 4398: 4074:Compendium of the World's Languages 4018:. Leiden: Brill. pp. 177–178. 3377:, spread their music far and wide. 3002:and in his highly influential work 2756:. Live secular plays were known as 2306: 1594: 24: 5501: 5380:Encyclopaedia of the Qur'an Online 5108: 4944:Embodiment, Morality, and Medicine 4693:, Volume 1. ABC-CLIO. 2002. p. 302 4517: 4284:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire 4206:. 21 February 2016. Archived from 3029:ritual (known in the West as "the 2005:decided to observe 21 February as 1957:have come to significantly affect 25: 6929: 5535: 5290:Britannica Educational Publishing 5121:from the original on 6 March 2016 4287:Infobase Publishing, 1 jan. 2009 4134:, Brill Publications, CD version. 4100:, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1953, 2007:International Mother Language Day 1651: 6882: 6870: 6859: 6858: 5593: 5541: 5378:Ersilia Francesca. "Slaughter". 4893:. Rowman Altamira. p. 403. 3592:" ("peace be unto you"), saying 2506: 2487: 2471: 2446: 2426: 2136:. These are often combined with 1905:fought for recognition of their 1733:(in what is now Afghanistan) or 1393: 802: 738: 6684:Culture and positive psychology 5594: 5509:The Classical Heritage in Islam 5310: 5273: 5242: 5217: 5133: 5083: 5065: 5050: 5025: 5016: 4981: 4961: 4934: 4907: 4880: 4814: 4797: 4788: 4779: 4743: 4716: 4679: 4642: 4621: 4594: 4569: 4547: 4496: 4479: 4347: 4310:Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., 2011 4298: 4275: 4252: 4222: 4192: 4188:– via www.banglajol.info. 4157: 4147: 3682: 2339: 6123:High- and low-context cultures 5485:. Cambridge University Press. 5407: 5203:. Facts on File. p. 136. 5146:. Facts on File. p. 106. 4607:. A&C Black. p. 248. 4471:Julia Kaestle (10 July 2010). 4413:The Metropolitan Museum of Art 4137: 4124: 4111: 4090: 4043:. In Schiffman, Harold (ed.). 3994: 3976: 3608:Circumcision of male offspring 3469: 3421:O Mon Romzaner Oi Rozar Sheshe 3272:as well as other parts of the 3253:, was included in the list of 2950:Most of the religious orders ( 2865:Rostam and Sohrab puppet opera 2261: 2168:. But miniatures in books or 1919:Islamic University, Bangladesh 13: 1: 5284:Islamic Beliefs and Practices 4890:The New Encyclopedia of Islam 4841:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh 4047:. Leiden: Brill. p. 94. 3969: 3011:Notable examples include the 1807: 1761:, Anatolia, western parts of 1613:, produced by writers in the 6689:Culture and social cognition 5674:Cross-cultural communication 5415:Curtis, Patricia A. (2005). 4989:"Reliance of the Traveller ( 4656:. World Wisdom. 2009. p. 128 4557:4th Edition, London, p. 476. 3635:. All meat must come from a 3610:is also practiced in Islam. 3113:where it is associated with 2805:. Later it was taken by the 1776:in other languages, such as 7: 6771:Intercultural communication 5583: 5466:. Oxford University Press. 5366:Various types of the prayer 5340:Customs and Behavioral Laws 5197:Juan E. Campo, ed. (2009). 5140:Juan E. Campo, ed. (2009). 5111:"Beyond borders Runa Laila" 4821:Zillur Rahman John (2012). 4119:Encyclopedia of Modern Asia 4014:. In Marashi, Mehdi (ed.). 3932: 3665:Quran (Al An'am, Verse 145) 2421:and domestic architecture. 2193:Depiction of animate beings 1997:, is one earliest works of 977:("Stories of the Prophets") 10: 6934: 6214:Cross cultural sensitivity 5881:Resistance through culture 5513:Arabic Thought and Culture 5117:. Times Internet Limited. 4649:Burckhardt, Titus (2009). 4504:Five Essays on Islamic Art 4450:Chapman, Caroline (2012). 4390:Esposito, John L. (2011). 4132:The Encyclopaedia of Islam 3677:Quran (Al-Maidah, Verse 3) 3653:Quran (An-Nahl, Verse 115) 3553: 3473: 3303:Hindustani classical music 3235: 3094:Hindustani classical music 2684:puppet of Amir Hamzah, in 2656: 2343: 2265: 2196: 2160:(as opposed to decorative 2072: 2016: 1871: 1741:, then the capital of the 1655: 1579: 1568: 1562: 6854: 6826:Transformation of culture 6519: 6439: 6259:Cultural environmentalism 6196: 5936: 5799: 5689:Cross-cultural psychology 5684:Cross-cultural psychiatry 5679:Cross-cultural leadership 5656: 5605: 5591: 5507:Rosenthal, Franz (1977). 5280:Matt Stefon, ed. (2010). 5057:The Mevlevi Sama Ceremony 4971:The Alchemy of Happiness 4914:Mack, Beverly B. (2004). 4336:Pustaka Nasional Pte Ltd 4041:"Dari, Farsi, and Tojiki" 4012:"Dari, Farsi, and Tojiki" 3954:Islamic advice literature 3480:Islamic marital practices 3373:, brotherhoods of Muslim 3216:are repeatedly targeting 3121:order, predominant among 2932:Some scholars of Islamic 2535:Elements of Islamic style 2109:", the Indonesian art of 2012: 1913:'s front beautified with 1895:21 February's anniversary 1833:being based in Khorasan. 1805:Muslim conquest of Persia 1671:Western Iranian languages 1575: 1571:Islamic advice literature 1457:on the basis of a common 6786:Living things in culture 6776:Intercultural competence 6679:Culture and menstruation 6178:Trans-cultural diffusion 5483:An Introduction to Islam 5462:Esposito, John (2002b). 5444:Islam: The Straight Path 5387:https://quran.com/16/115 4947:. Springer. p. 43. 4833:; Ahmed, Sabbir (eds.). 4354:Sheila R. Canby (2005). 3542:. Placing the body on a 3231: 2999:The Alchemy of Happiness 2900: 2883:independence of Pakistan 2867:being a recent example. 2823:Suleyman the Magnificent 2571:Great Mosque of Kairouan 2563:Great Mosque of Damascus 2455:Great Mosque of Kairouan 1999:feminist science fiction 1882:Literature of Bangladesh 1867: 1066:Medieval Islamic science 6597:Cultural homogenization 5827:Individualistic culture 5761:Popular culture studies 5746:Intercultural relations 5170:Nigosian, S.A. (2004). 4696:. Bloomsbury Academic. 4039:Spooner, Brian (2012). 4010:Spooner, Brian (1994). 3491:is the tradition among 3336:Turkish classical music 3298:Religious music in Iran 2760:, recorded in medieval 2478:The fortress-palace of 2389:as Islam spread to the 1605:) is the writing, both 1559:Language and literature 6532:Archaeological culture 6279:Cultural globalization 6148:Organizational culture 5996:Cultural communication 5954:Cultural appropriation 5741:Intercultural learning 5669:Cross-cultural studies 5481:Waines, David (2003). 5034:The Whirling Dervishes 4887:Glassé, Cyril (2001). 4540:Krautheimer, Richard. 4531:: 275–298 – via JSTOR. 4493:: 152–184 – via JSTOR. 3703: 3680: 3668: 3656: 3612:Islamic burial rituals 3579: 3508: 3261: 3065:, the Mevlevi form of 2918: 2719:productions) and live 2705:medieval Islamic world 2696:, his companions, the 2689: 2673: 2670:theatrical performance 2501:was completed in 1616. 2433:Northeast entrance to 2217: 2125: 2114: 2098: 2068: 1922: 1836:Persian poets such as 1689:including present-day 1548: 1532: 1076:Succession to Muhammad 42: 6801:Participatory culture 6592:Cultural evolutionism 6416:Multiracial democracy 6294:Cultural intelligence 6239:Cultural conservatism 6229:Cultural backwardness 6219:Cultural assimilation 6093:Cultural reproduction 5949:Cultural appreciation 5901:Far-right subcultures 5791:Transcultural nursing 5756:Philosophy of culture 5633:Cultural neuroscience 5613:Cultural anthropology 5200:Encyclopedia of Islam 5143:Encyclopedia of Islam 5079:. September 27, 2013. 4502:Allen, Terry (1988). 4358:Islamic Art in Detail 4258:Sigfried J. de Laet. 4130:Frye, R. N., "Darī", 4096:Arthur John Arberry, 3690: 3669: 3657: 3645: 3567: 3487: 3249:tradition, a type of 3245: 2908: 2679: 2664: 2649:Use of bright colour. 2604:: مِهراب) of Persian 2525:is an example of the 2206: 2186:depiction of Muhammad 2120: 2104: 2082: 1889: 1538: 1527: 33: 6796:Oppositional culture 6766:Emotions and culture 6674:Cultural sensibility 6664:Cultural translation 6602:Cultural institution 6582:Cultural determinism 6304:Cultural nationalism 6289:Cultural imperialism 6249:Cultural deprivation 6143:Non-material culture 5776:Sociology of culture 5771:Semiotics of culture 5550:at Wikimedia Commons 4766:, pp. 565–601, 4304:Doris Wastl-Walter. 4098:The Legacy of Persia 3560:Islamic dietary laws 3293:Arab classical music 3251:Sufism in Bangladesh 2909:Bangladeshi artists 2738:revolved around the 2355:architectural styles 2351:Islamic architecture 2346:Islamic architecture 2174:monumental sculpture 1974:Shah Muhammad Saghir 1897:of the day when the 1801:Behistun Inscription 1115:Association football 6647:Culture speculation 6642:Cultural relativism 6572:Cultural competence 6462:Cultural Christians 6334:Cultural Revolution 6324:Cultural radicalism 6299:Cultural liberalism 6234:Cultural Bolshevism 6209:Consumer capitalism 6163:Relational mobility 6103:Cultural technology 6011:Cultural dissonance 5928:Culture by location 5891:Alternative culture 5807:Constructed culture 5786:Theology of culture 5726:Cultural psychology 5706:Cultural entomology 5249:Eaton, Gai (2000). 4553:Fletcher, Banister 4230:"Language Movement" 3949:Islam in South Asia 3790:Jobbarer Boli Khela 3701:Bengali martial art 3695:in the occasion of 3693:Jobbarer Boli Khela 3614:include saying the 3086:Indian subcontinent 2915:traditional Bengali 2646:Ablution fountains. 2499:Sultan Ahmed Mosque 2395:Islamic calligraphy 2387:Indian architecture 2294:Persian calligraphy 2268:Islamic calligraphy 2138:Islamic calligraphy 2039:of the empire. The 876:Profession of Faith 849:Day of Resurrection 712:Karagöz and Hacivat 6806:Permission culture 6739:Disability culture 6719:Children's culture 6587:Cultural diversity 6547:Circuit of culture 6329:Cultural retention 6309:Cultural pessimism 6264:Cultural exception 6254:Cultural diplomacy 6244:Cultural contracts 6204:Colonial mentality 6133:Manuscript culture 6108:Cultural universal 6078:Cultural pluralism 6058:Cultural landscape 6053:Cultural invention 6021:Cultural framework 5923:Vernacular culture 5721:Cultural mediation 5701:Cultural economics 5696:Cultural analytics 5628:Cultural geography 5618:Cultural astronomy 5371:2013-09-23 at the 5358:2007-05-02 at the 5345:2013-09-23 at the 4652:Titus Burckhardt, 4566:Copplestone, p.149 3959:Islamic literature 3886:Seni Gayung Fatani 3704: 3589:as-salamu 'alaykum 3580: 3550:Etiquette and diet 3509: 3415:. See articles on 3262: 3046:Sama Ceremony" of 3031:whirling dervishes 2919: 2819:Yavuz Sultan Selim 2690: 2674: 2638:Arabic calligraphy 2636:Use of decorative 2286:Arabic Calligraphy 2218: 2199:Aniconism in Islam 2166:Ottoman miniatures 2158:Persian miniatures 2142:geometric patterns 2126: 2115: 2099: 2019:Turkish literature 1947:Qutb Shahi dynasty 1923: 1878:Bengali literature 1667:Persian literature 1662:Persian literature 1658:Persianate society 1646:Islamic Golden Age 1565:Islamic literature 1549: 1533: 1485:. However, as the 1463:Rashidun Caliphate 147:Azerbaijani carpet 43: 6905: 6904: 6734:Death and culture 6627:Cultural movement 6617:Cultural literacy 6477:Eastern Orthodoxy 6389:Dominator culture 6384:Deculturalization 6284:Cultural hegemony 6274:Cultural genocide 6269:Cultural feminism 6088:Cultural property 6083:Cultural practice 6068:Cultural leveling 6063:Cultural learning 6048:Cultural industry 6043:Cultural identity 6026:Cultural heritage 6016:Cultural emphasis 6001:Cultural conflict 5974:Cultural behavior 5964:Cultural artifact 5876:Primitive culture 5852:Political culture 5546:Media related to 5492:978-0-521-53906-7 5473:978-0-19-515713-0 5454:978-0-19-511234-4 5430:978-0-8138-1946-4 5303:978-1-61530-060-0 5288:. New York City: 5228:, pp. 93–96) 5210:978-0-8160-5454-1 5183:978-0-253-21627-4 5153:978-0-8160-5454-1 4829:; Miah, Sajahan; 4631:. Muslim Heritage 4614:978-0-8264-9423-8 4601:Hans Kng (2006). 4460:978-979-099-631-1 4373:978-0-674-02390-1 3799:Mokkar Boli Khela 3569:Bengali tradition 3531:death of a Muslim 3489:Furir Bari Iftari 3413:Kazi Nazrul Islam 3389:Gul Mohammad Khan 3351:Malay Archipelago 3196:sect promoted by 2895:Pakistan Movement 2872:Royal Opera House 2845:Kheimeh Shab-Bazi 2731:. In particular, 2515:Sixty Dome Mosque 2513:The 15th-century 2296:. It is known in 2280:, based upon the 2182:Mughal miniatures 2123:Persian miniature 2037:official language 1979:Kazi Nazrul Islam 1943:Deccan Sultanates 1850:Attar of Nishapur 1815:Abbasid Caliphate 1799:inscription, the 1745:in Anatolia. The 1603:al-Adab al-'Arabī 1587:Arabic literature 1582:Arabic literature 1471:Abbasid Caliphate 1467:Umayyad Caliphate 1436: 1435: 781: 780: 34:201 Dome Mosque, 16:(Redirected from 6925: 6886: 6885: 6874: 6873: 6862: 6861: 6751:Drinking culture 6704:Culture industry 6652:Cultural tourism 6632:Cultural mulatto 6607:Cultural jet lag 6542:Cannabis culture 6499:Cultural Muslims 6421:Pluriculturalism 6404:Multiculturalism 6394:Interculturalism 6369:Culture minister 6359:Cultural Zionism 6354:Cultural subsidy 6349:Cultural silence 6224:Cultural attaché 6183:Transculturation 6138:Material culture 6128:Interculturality 5984:Cultural capital 5969:Cultural baggage 5906:Youth subculture 5847:Official culture 5812:Dominant culture 5751:Internet culture 5716:Cultural mapping 5711:Cultural history 5638:Cultural studies 5623:Cultural ecology 5597: 5596: 5578: 5571: 5564: 5555: 5554: 5545: 5518: 5496: 5477: 5458: 5434: 5422: 5401: 5383: 5364:Ghamidi (2001): 5353:The Dietary Laws 5351:Ghamidi (2001): 5338:Ghamidi (2001): 5314: 5308: 5307: 5287: 5277: 5271: 5270: 5246: 5240: 5221: 5215: 5214: 5194: 5188: 5187: 5167: 5158: 5157: 5137: 5131: 5130: 5128: 5126: 5109:Sharma, Devesh. 5106: 5100: 5099: 5087: 5081: 5080: 5069: 5063: 5054: 5048: 5047: 5029: 5023: 5020: 5014: 5013: 5011: 5010: 5004: 4998:. Archived from 4997: 4985: 4979: 4978: 4965: 4959: 4958: 4938: 4932: 4931: 4911: 4905: 4904: 4884: 4878: 4877: 4875: 4873: 4818: 4812: 4801: 4795: 4792: 4786: 4783: 4777: 4776: 4764:Brill Publishers 4747: 4741: 4740: 4720: 4714: 4713: 4711: 4710: 4683: 4677: 4676: 4674: 4673: 4659:. World Wisdom. 4646: 4640: 4639: 4637: 4636: 4625: 4619: 4618: 4598: 4592: 4591: 4589: 4588: 4579:. Archived from 4573: 4567: 4564: 4558: 4551: 4545: 4538: 4532: 4521: 4515: 4500: 4494: 4487:The Art Bulletin 4483: 4477: 4476: 4468: 4462: 4448: 4442: 4441: 4423: 4417: 4416: 4405: 4396: 4395: 4387: 4378: 4377: 4361: 4351: 4345: 4330:Bertold Spuler. 4328: 4319: 4302: 4296: 4279: 4273: 4256: 4250: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4236:. Archived from 4226: 4220: 4219: 4217: 4215: 4196: 4190: 4189: 4187: 4185: 4161: 4155: 4151: 4145: 4141: 4135: 4128: 4122: 4115: 4109: 4094: 4088: 4087: 4065: 4059: 4058: 4036: 4030: 4029: 4007: 4001: 3998: 3992: 3991: 3980: 3678: 3666: 3654: 3617:Salat al-Janazah 3604:Islamic hygienic 3476:Islamic marriage 3434:See articles on 3326:), and held the 2891:the subcontinent 2643:Use of symmetry. 2553:Masjid al-Nabawi 2527:Bengal Sultanate 2510: 2491: 2475: 2450: 2430: 2367:history of Islam 2361:associated with 2353:is the range of 2309: 2308: 2033:Sultanate of Rum 2025:Turkic languages 1995:Islamic feminist 1939:Bengal Sultanate 1907:Bengali language 1812: 1809: 1596: 1428: 1421: 1414: 1400:Islam portal 1398: 1397: 1396: 806: 783: 782: 773: 766: 759: 745:Islam portal 743: 742: 741: 45: 44: 21: 6933: 6932: 6928: 6927: 6926: 6924: 6923: 6922: 6918:Islamic culture 6908: 6907: 6906: 6901: 6850: 6841:Western culture 6836:Welfare culture 6761:Eastern culture 6622:Cultural mosaic 6577:Cultural critic 6567:Cultural center 6515: 6489:Cultural Hindus 6435: 6426:Polyculturalism 6399:Monoculturalism 6374:Culture of fear 6344:Cultural safety 6339:Cultural rights 6319:Cultural racism 6314:Cultural policy 6192: 6098:Cultural system 6073:Cultural memory 6006:Cultural cringe 5932: 5864:Popular culture 5795: 5731:Cultural values 5652: 5601: 5587: 5582: 5538: 5504: 5502:Further reading 5499: 5493: 5474: 5455: 5431: 5410: 5405: 5404: 5373:Wayback Machine 5360:Wayback Machine 5347:Wayback Machine 5333:Esposito (2002b 5315: 5311: 5304: 5278: 5274: 5267: 5247: 5243: 5222: 5218: 5211: 5195: 5191: 5184: 5168: 5161: 5154: 5138: 5134: 5124: 5122: 5107: 5103: 5088: 5084: 5071: 5070: 5066: 5055: 5051: 5044: 5030: 5026: 5021: 5017: 5008: 5006: 5002: 4995: 4987: 4986: 4982: 4966: 4962: 4955: 4939: 4935: 4928: 4912: 4908: 4901: 4885: 4881: 4871: 4869: 4851: 4831:Khanam, Mahfuza 4819: 4815: 4802: 4798: 4793: 4789: 4784: 4780: 4774: 4748: 4744: 4737: 4721: 4717: 4708: 4706: 4704: 4684: 4680: 4671: 4669: 4667: 4647: 4643: 4634: 4632: 4627: 4626: 4622: 4615: 4599: 4595: 4586: 4584: 4575: 4574: 4570: 4565: 4561: 4552: 4548: 4539: 4535: 4522: 4518: 4501: 4497: 4484: 4480: 4469: 4465: 4449: 4445: 4438: 4424: 4420: 4407: 4406: 4399: 4388: 4381: 4374: 4352: 4348: 4329: 4322: 4303: 4299: 4280: 4276: 4257: 4253: 4243: 4241: 4240:on 7 March 2016 4228: 4227: 4223: 4213: 4211: 4198: 4197: 4193: 4183: 4181: 4162: 4158: 4152: 4148: 4142: 4138: 4129: 4125: 4116: 4112: 4095: 4091: 4084: 4066: 4062: 4055: 4037: 4033: 4026: 4008: 4004: 3999: 3995: 3982: 3981: 3977: 3972: 3939:Cultural Muslim 3935: 3930: 3843:Perisai Diri – 3772:Laamb Wrestling 3697:Pohela Boishakh 3685: 3679: 3676: 3667: 3664: 3655: 3652: 3600:the name of God 3562: 3554:Main articles: 3552: 3493:Bengali Muslims 3482: 3474:Main articles: 3472: 3460:Lailat al Miraj 3397:classical music 3240: 3234: 3042:confirmed the " 3017:Jalaluddin Rumi 2980:99 names of God 2903: 2744:(martyrdom) of 2659: 2608:culture or the 2537: 2530: 2511: 2502: 2492: 2483: 2476: 2467: 2451: 2442: 2431: 2348: 2342: 2270: 2264: 2255:abstract floral 2239:Day of Judgment 2201: 2195: 2111:shadow puppetry 2077: 2071: 2062:Ottoman Turkish 2049:Ottoman Turkish 2021: 2015: 1987:Sultana's Dream 1935:Delhi Sultanate 1899:Bengali Muslims 1884: 1872:Main articles: 1870: 1810: 1673:, particularly 1664: 1654: 1638:Arabic language 1615:Arabic language 1584: 1578: 1573: 1567: 1561: 1487:Islamic empires 1439:Islamic culture 1432: 1394: 1392: 1385: 1384: 1329:Other religions 1324:Arabic language 1286: 1276: 1275: 1204:Moral teachings 1095: 1081: 1080: 1071:Spread of Islam 1016: 1006: 1005: 993:(jurisprudence) 975:Qisas al-Anbiya 924: 923: 903: 902: 871: 861: 860: 816: 777: 739: 737: 109:Sudano-Sahelian 58:Islamic culture 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 6931: 6921: 6920: 6903: 6902: 6900: 6899: 6892: 6880: 6868: 6855: 6852: 6851: 6849: 6848: 6843: 6838: 6833: 6828: 6823: 6818: 6813: 6808: 6803: 6798: 6793: 6788: 6783: 6778: 6773: 6768: 6763: 6758: 6753: 6748: 6747: 6746: 6736: 6731: 6726: 6721: 6716: 6711: 6706: 6701: 6696: 6691: 6686: 6681: 6676: 6671: 6666: 6661: 6660: 6659: 6649: 6644: 6639: 6637:Cultural probe 6634: 6629: 6624: 6619: 6614: 6609: 6604: 6599: 6594: 6589: 6584: 6579: 6574: 6569: 6564: 6562:Cross-cultural 6559: 6557:Coffee culture 6554: 6549: 6544: 6539: 6534: 6529: 6527:Animal culture 6523: 6521: 6517: 6516: 6514: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6502: 6501: 6491: 6486: 6485: 6484: 6479: 6474: 6469: 6464: 6459: 6449: 6443: 6441: 6437: 6436: 6434: 6433: 6431:Transculturism 6428: 6423: 6418: 6413: 6412: 6411: 6401: 6396: 6391: 6386: 6381: 6376: 6371: 6366: 6364:Culture change 6361: 6356: 6351: 6346: 6341: 6336: 6331: 6326: 6321: 6316: 6311: 6306: 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6281: 6276: 6271: 6266: 6261: 6256: 6251: 6246: 6241: 6236: 6231: 6226: 6221: 6216: 6211: 6206: 6200: 6198: 6194: 6193: 6191: 6190: 6188:Visual culture 6185: 6180: 6175: 6170: 6168:Safety culture 6165: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6120: 6115: 6110: 6105: 6100: 6095: 6090: 6085: 6080: 6075: 6070: 6065: 6060: 6055: 6050: 6045: 6040: 6035: 6034: 6033: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5992: 5991: 5989:Cross-cultural 5981: 5976: 5971: 5966: 5961: 5956: 5951: 5946: 5940: 5938: 5934: 5933: 5931: 5930: 5925: 5920: 5915: 5914: 5913: 5908: 5903: 5898: 5893: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5872: 5871: 5861: 5860: 5859: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5803: 5801: 5797: 5796: 5794: 5793: 5788: 5783: 5778: 5773: 5768: 5763: 5758: 5753: 5748: 5743: 5738: 5733: 5728: 5723: 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5692: 5691: 5686: 5681: 5676: 5666: 5660: 5658: 5654: 5653: 5651: 5650: 5648:Culture theory 5645: 5640: 5635: 5630: 5625: 5620: 5615: 5609: 5607: 5603: 5602: 5592: 5589: 5588: 5581: 5580: 5573: 5566: 5558: 5552: 5551: 5548:Muslim culture 5537: 5536:External links 5534: 5533: 5532: 5503: 5500: 5498: 5497: 5491: 5478: 5472: 5459: 5453: 5439:Esposito, John 5435: 5429: 5411: 5409: 5406: 5403: 5402: 5400: 5399: 5394: 5389: 5384: 5375: 5362: 5349: 5336: 5335:, p. 111) 5330: 5329:, p. 164) 5309: 5302: 5272: 5266:978-0946621842 5265: 5241: 5239: 5238: 5235:Esposito (1998 5232: 5229: 5216: 5209: 5189: 5182: 5159: 5152: 5132: 5101: 5082: 5064: 5049: 5042: 5036:. SUNY Press. 5024: 5015: 4991:Umdat ul-Salik 4980: 4960: 4953: 4933: 4926: 4906: 4899: 4879: 4849: 4827:Islam, Sirajul 4813: 4796: 4787: 4778: 4772: 4742: 4735: 4715: 4702: 4678: 4665: 4641: 4620: 4613: 4593: 4568: 4559: 4546: 4533: 4516: 4495: 4478: 4463: 4443: 4436: 4418: 4397: 4379: 4372: 4346: 4320: 4297: 4274: 4264:UNESCO, 1994. 4251: 4221: 4191: 4176:(1): 151–166. 4156: 4146: 4136: 4123: 4110: 4089: 4082: 4060: 4054:978-9004201453 4053: 4031: 4024: 4002: 3993: 3984:"Minds unmade" 3974: 3973: 3971: 3968: 3967: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3941: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3928: 3919: 3910: 3901: 3892: 3883: 3874: 3865: 3859:Tarung Derajat 3856: 3847: 3841: 3832: 3823: 3814: 3805: 3796: 3787: 3778: 3769: 3760: 3751: 3742: 3733: 3724: 3715: 3705: 3684: 3681: 3674: 3662: 3650: 3551: 3548: 3471: 3468: 3405:Nazrul Sangeet 3393:Bengali Muslim 3385:Ali Akbar Khan 3332:Ottoman Empire 3312: 3311: 3305: 3300: 3295: 3236:Main article: 3233: 3230: 3050:as one of the 3021:Ottoman Empire 2902: 2899: 2881:Following the 2830:khayal al-zill 2754:Husayn ibn Ali 2729:Muslim history 2658: 2655: 2654: 2653: 2650: 2647: 2644: 2641: 2634: 2627: 2620: 2617: 2596:synagogues or 2578: 2556: 2536: 2533: 2532: 2531: 2512: 2505: 2503: 2493: 2486: 2484: 2477: 2470: 2468: 2452: 2445: 2443: 2432: 2425: 2391:Southeast Asia 2344:Main article: 2341: 2338: 2266:Main article: 2263: 2260: 2197:Main article: 2194: 2191: 2073:Main article: 2070: 2067: 2058:Ottoman Empire 2017:Main article: 2014: 2011: 1869: 1866: 1854:Nizami Ganjavi 1653: 1652:Persian/Iranic 1650: 1642:Arabic culture 1580:Main article: 1577: 1574: 1563:Main article: 1560: 1557: 1545:Laylat al-Qadr 1531:during Ramadan 1469:and the early 1443:Muslim culture 1434: 1433: 1431: 1430: 1423: 1416: 1408: 1405: 1404: 1403: 1402: 1387: 1386: 1383: 1382: 1376: 1375: 1374: 1373: 1368: 1358: 1353: 1352: 1351: 1346: 1336: 1331: 1326: 1320: 1319: 1318: 1317: 1312: 1307: 1299: 1298: 1293: 1287: 1284:Related topics 1282: 1281: 1278: 1277: 1274: 1273: 1268: 1266:Social welfare 1263: 1258: 1257: 1256: 1246: 1241: 1236: 1231: 1226: 1221: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1201: 1196: 1191: 1186: 1181: 1176: 1171: 1166: 1161: 1160: 1159: 1154: 1144: 1143: 1142: 1132: 1127: 1122: 1117: 1112: 1107: 1102: 1096: 1087: 1086: 1083: 1082: 1079: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1052: 1051: 1044: 1037: 1029: 1028: 1023: 1017: 1012: 1011: 1008: 1007: 1004: 1003: 995: 986: 985: 979: 971: 963: 954: 953: 933: 925: 922: 921: 916: 910: 909: 908: 905: 904: 901: 900: 895: 890: 884: 883: 878: 872: 867: 866: 863: 862: 859: 858: 856:Predestination 852: 851: 846: 840: 839: 837:Revealed Books 834: 828: 827: 817: 812: 811: 808: 807: 799: 798: 792: 791: 779: 778: 776: 775: 768: 761: 753: 750: 749: 748: 747: 732: 731: 730: 729: 724: 719: 714: 709: 704: 696: 695: 689: 688: 687: 686: 681: 676: 671: 666: 661: 656: 651: 646: 641: 636: 631: 626: 621: 616: 611: 606: 601: 596: 591: 583: 582: 576: 575: 574: 573: 568: 563: 558: 553: 548: 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 498: 488: 483: 478: 473: 468: 458: 453: 448: 443: 438: 433: 425: 424: 418: 417: 416: 415: 410: 405: 400: 395: 390: 385: 380: 375: 370: 365: 360: 352: 351: 345: 344: 343: 342: 337: 332: 327: 322: 317: 312: 307: 302: 297: 292: 287: 282: 277: 272: 267: 262: 257: 249: 248: 242: 241: 240: 239: 234: 232:Turkish carpet 229: 224: 219: 214: 209: 207:Persian carpet 204: 199: 194: 189: 184: 179: 174: 169: 164: 159: 154: 149: 144: 142:Arabian carpet 136: 135: 129: 128: 127: 126: 121: 116: 111: 106: 101: 96: 91: 86: 81: 76: 68: 67: 61: 60: 54: 53: 26: 18:Muslim culture 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 6930: 6919: 6916: 6915: 6913: 6898: 6897: 6893: 6891: 6890: 6881: 6879: 6878: 6869: 6867: 6866: 6857: 6856: 6853: 6847: 6846:Youth culture 6844: 6842: 6839: 6837: 6834: 6832: 6831:Urban culture 6829: 6827: 6824: 6822: 6819: 6817: 6816:Remix culture 6814: 6812: 6809: 6807: 6804: 6802: 6799: 6797: 6794: 6792: 6791:Media culture 6789: 6787: 6784: 6782: 6781:Languaculture 6779: 6777: 6774: 6772: 6769: 6767: 6764: 6762: 6759: 6757: 6754: 6752: 6749: 6745: 6742: 6741: 6740: 6737: 6735: 6732: 6730: 6727: 6725: 6722: 6720: 6717: 6715: 6712: 6710: 6709:Culture shock 6707: 6705: 6702: 6700: 6697: 6695: 6692: 6690: 6687: 6685: 6682: 6680: 6677: 6675: 6672: 6670: 6669:Cultural turn 6667: 6665: 6662: 6658: 6655: 6654: 6653: 6650: 6648: 6645: 6643: 6640: 6638: 6635: 6633: 6630: 6628: 6625: 6623: 6620: 6618: 6615: 6613: 6610: 6608: 6605: 6603: 6600: 6598: 6595: 6593: 6590: 6588: 6585: 6583: 6580: 6578: 6575: 6573: 6570: 6568: 6565: 6563: 6560: 6558: 6555: 6553: 6550: 6548: 6545: 6543: 6540: 6538: 6537:Bennett scale 6535: 6533: 6530: 6528: 6525: 6524: 6522: 6518: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6500: 6497: 6496: 6495: 6492: 6490: 6487: 6483: 6480: 6478: 6475: 6473: 6470: 6468: 6467:Protestantism 6465: 6463: 6460: 6458: 6455: 6454: 6453: 6450: 6448: 6445: 6444: 6442: 6438: 6432: 6429: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6419: 6417: 6414: 6410: 6409:Biculturalism 6407: 6406: 6405: 6402: 6400: 6397: 6395: 6392: 6390: 6387: 6385: 6382: 6380: 6377: 6375: 6372: 6370: 6367: 6365: 6362: 6360: 6357: 6355: 6352: 6350: 6347: 6345: 6342: 6340: 6337: 6335: 6332: 6330: 6327: 6325: 6322: 6320: 6317: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6285: 6282: 6280: 6277: 6275: 6272: 6270: 6267: 6265: 6262: 6260: 6257: 6255: 6252: 6250: 6247: 6245: 6242: 6240: 6237: 6235: 6232: 6230: 6227: 6225: 6222: 6220: 6217: 6215: 6212: 6210: 6207: 6205: 6202: 6201: 6199: 6195: 6189: 6186: 6184: 6181: 6179: 6176: 6174: 6173:Technoculture 6171: 6169: 6166: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6153:Print culture 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6124: 6121: 6119: 6118:Enculturation 6116: 6114: 6111: 6109: 6106: 6104: 6101: 6099: 6096: 6094: 6091: 6089: 6086: 6084: 6081: 6079: 6076: 6074: 6071: 6069: 6066: 6064: 6061: 6059: 6056: 6054: 6051: 6049: 6046: 6044: 6041: 6039: 6038:Cultural icon 6036: 6032: 6029: 6028: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5990: 5987: 5986: 5985: 5982: 5980: 5979:Cultural bias 5977: 5975: 5972: 5970: 5967: 5965: 5962: 5960: 5959:Cultural area 5957: 5955: 5952: 5950: 5947: 5945: 5944:Acculturation 5942: 5941: 5939: 5935: 5929: 5926: 5924: 5921: 5919: 5918:Super culture 5916: 5912: 5909: 5907: 5904: 5902: 5899: 5897: 5894: 5892: 5889: 5888: 5887: 5884: 5882: 5879: 5877: 5874: 5870: 5867: 5866: 5865: 5862: 5858: 5855: 5854: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5832:Legal culture 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5804: 5802: 5798: 5792: 5789: 5787: 5784: 5782: 5781:Sound culture 5779: 5777: 5774: 5772: 5769: 5767: 5764: 5762: 5759: 5757: 5754: 5752: 5749: 5747: 5744: 5742: 5739: 5737: 5734: 5732: 5729: 5727: 5724: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5690: 5687: 5685: 5682: 5680: 5677: 5675: 5672: 5671: 5670: 5667: 5665: 5662: 5661: 5659: 5655: 5649: 5646: 5644: 5641: 5639: 5636: 5634: 5631: 5629: 5626: 5624: 5621: 5619: 5616: 5614: 5611: 5610: 5608: 5604: 5600: 5590: 5586: 5579: 5574: 5572: 5567: 5565: 5560: 5559: 5556: 5549: 5544: 5540: 5539: 5530: 5529:0-415-07693-5 5526: 5522: 5514: 5511:, in series, 5510: 5506: 5505: 5494: 5488: 5484: 5479: 5475: 5469: 5465: 5460: 5456: 5450: 5446: 5445: 5440: 5436: 5432: 5426: 5421: 5420: 5413: 5412: 5398: 5395: 5393: 5390: 5388: 5385: 5381: 5376: 5374: 5370: 5367: 5363: 5361: 5357: 5354: 5350: 5348: 5344: 5341: 5337: 5334: 5331: 5328: 5325: 5324: 5323: 5319: 5313: 5305: 5299: 5295: 5291: 5286: 5285: 5276: 5268: 5262: 5258: 5254: 5253: 5245: 5237:, p. 79) 5236: 5233: 5230: 5227: 5224: 5223: 5220: 5212: 5206: 5202: 5201: 5193: 5185: 5179: 5175: 5174: 5166: 5164: 5155: 5149: 5145: 5144: 5136: 5120: 5116: 5112: 5105: 5097: 5093: 5086: 5078: 5074: 5068: 5061: 5058: 5053: 5045: 5043:0-7914-1155-9 5039: 5035: 5028: 5019: 5005:on 2018-05-20 5001: 4994: 4992: 4984: 4976: 4975: 4972: 4968:Al-Ghazzali. 4964: 4956: 4954:0-7923-3342-X 4950: 4946: 4945: 4937: 4929: 4927:0-253-21729-6 4923: 4919: 4918: 4910: 4902: 4900:0-7591-0190-6 4896: 4892: 4891: 4883: 4868: 4864: 4860: 4856: 4852: 4850:984-32-0576-6 4846: 4842: 4838: 4837: 4832: 4828: 4824: 4817: 4810: 4809:0-934211-29-9 4806: 4800: 4791: 4782: 4775: 4773:965-264-014-X 4769: 4765: 4761: 4757: 4753: 4746: 4738: 4736:0-415-96691-4 4732: 4728: 4727: 4719: 4705: 4703:9781576070048 4699: 4695: 4694: 4690: 4682: 4668: 4666:9781933316659 4662: 4658: 4657: 4653: 4645: 4630: 4624: 4616: 4610: 4606: 4605: 4597: 4583:on 2007-03-17 4582: 4578: 4572: 4563: 4556: 4550: 4543: 4537: 4530: 4526: 4520: 4513: 4509: 4505: 4499: 4492: 4488: 4482: 4474: 4467: 4461: 4457: 4453: 4447: 4439: 4437:0-300-06465-9 4433: 4429: 4422: 4414: 4410: 4404: 4402: 4393: 4386: 4384: 4375: 4369: 4365: 4360: 4359: 4350: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4334: 4327: 4325: 4317: 4313: 4309: 4308: 4301: 4294: 4290: 4286: 4285: 4278: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4262: 4255: 4239: 4235: 4231: 4225: 4210:on 8 May 2016 4209: 4205: 4201: 4195: 4179: 4175: 4171: 4167: 4160: 4150: 4140: 4133: 4127: 4120: 4114: 4107: 4106:0-19-821905-9 4103: 4099: 4093: 4085: 4083:9781136258466 4079: 4075: 4071: 4064: 4056: 4050: 4046: 4042: 4035: 4027: 4025:9780936347356 4021: 4017: 4013: 4006: 4000:Jones, p. ix. 3997: 3990:. 4 May 2013. 3989: 3988:The Economist 3985: 3979: 3975: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3936: 3927: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3905: 3902: 3900: 3896: 3893: 3891: 3887: 3884: 3882: 3878: 3875: 3873: 3869: 3866: 3864: 3860: 3857: 3855: 3851: 3848: 3846: 3842: 3840: 3836: 3833: 3831: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3818: 3815: 3813: 3809: 3806: 3804: 3800: 3797: 3795: 3791: 3788: 3786: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3773: 3770: 3768: 3764: 3761: 3759: 3755: 3754:Nuba fighting 3752: 3750: 3746: 3743: 3741: 3737: 3734: 3732: 3728: 3725: 3723: 3719: 3716: 3714: 3710: 3707: 3706: 3702: 3698: 3694: 3691:A scene from 3689: 3673: 3661: 3649: 3644: 3642: 3638: 3634: 3630: 3625: 3623: 3619: 3618: 3613: 3609: 3605: 3601: 3597: 3596: 3591: 3590: 3585: 3578: 3574: 3570: 3566: 3561: 3557: 3547: 3545: 3541: 3536: 3532: 3527: 3525: 3524: 3519: 3514: 3506: 3502: 3498: 3497:Sylhet region 3494: 3490: 3486: 3481: 3477: 3467: 3465: 3464:Shab-e-baraat 3461: 3457: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3437: 3432: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3395:exponents of 3394: 3391:were notable 3390: 3386: 3382: 3381:Alauddin Khan 3378: 3376: 3372: 3366: 3364: 3360: 3359:Mappila Songs 3356: 3352: 3348: 3344: 3339: 3337: 3333: 3329: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3309: 3306: 3304: 3301: 3299: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3290: 3289: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3271: 3267: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3244: 3239: 3238:Islamic music 3229: 3227: 3223: 3219: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3190:Kemal Atatürk 3187: 3183: 3178: 3173: 3171: 3167: 3163: 3159: 3155: 3151: 3147: 3143: 3142: 3137: 3136: 3130: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3107: 3105: 3101: 3100: 3095: 3091: 3087: 3083: 3079: 3074: 3072: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3055: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3036: 3032: 3028: 3027: 3022: 3018: 3014: 3013:Mevlevi Order 3009: 3007: 3006: 3001: 3000: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2985: 2981: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2960: 2955: 2954: 2948: 2946: 2942: 2937: 2936: 2930: 2928: 2924: 2923:belly dancing 2916: 2912: 2907: 2898: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2887:East Pakistan 2884: 2879: 2877: 2873: 2868: 2866: 2862: 2858: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2842: 2838: 2833: 2831: 2826: 2824: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2804: 2800: 2796: 2792: 2790: 2786: 2782: 2778: 2773: 2771: 2770: 2765: 2764: 2759: 2755: 2751: 2750:Hasan ibn Ali 2747: 2743: 2742: 2737: 2734: 2730: 2726: 2722: 2721:passion plays 2718: 2714: 2710: 2706: 2701: 2699: 2695: 2687: 2683: 2678: 2672:in Bangladesh 2671: 2668: 2663: 2651: 2648: 2645: 2642: 2639: 2635: 2632: 2628: 2625: 2621: 2618: 2615: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2576: 2572: 2568: 2564: 2560: 2557: 2554: 2550: 2549: 2548: 2546: 2542: 2529:architecture. 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2509: 2504: 2500: 2496: 2490: 2485: 2481: 2474: 2469: 2465: 2461: 2456: 2449: 2444: 2440: 2436: 2429: 2424: 2423: 2422: 2420: 2416: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2400: 2396: 2392: 2388: 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2368: 2364: 2360: 2356: 2352: 2347: 2337: 2335: 2334:calligraffiti 2331: 2327: 2322: 2320: 2316: 2311: 2303: 2299: 2295: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2279: 2275: 2269: 2259: 2256: 2252: 2248: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2232: 2228: 2224: 2216: 2215:Goaldi Mosque 2212: 2209: 2205: 2200: 2190: 2187: 2183: 2179: 2175: 2171: 2167: 2163: 2162:illuminations 2159: 2155: 2151: 2147: 2143: 2139: 2135: 2131: 2124: 2119: 2112: 2108: 2103: 2097: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2076: 2066: 2063: 2059: 2055: 2050: 2046: 2045:Turkification 2042: 2038: 2034: 2030: 2026: 2020: 2010: 2008: 2004: 2000: 1996: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1975: 1971: 1966: 1964: 1960: 1956: 1952: 1951:Mughal Empire 1948: 1945:(such as the 1944: 1940: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1920: 1916: 1912: 1908: 1904: 1900: 1896: 1893:commemorates 1892: 1888: 1883: 1879: 1875: 1865: 1863: 1859: 1855: 1851: 1847: 1846:Hafiz Shirazi 1843: 1842:Saadi Shirazi 1839: 1834: 1832: 1828: 1824: 1820: 1816: 1806: 1802: 1798: 1794: 1790: 1785: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1770: 1768: 1764: 1760: 1759:Transcaucasus 1756: 1752: 1748: 1744: 1740: 1736: 1732: 1728: 1724: 1720: 1716: 1713:, regions of 1712: 1708: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1676: 1672: 1668: 1663: 1659: 1649: 1647: 1643: 1639: 1635: 1630: 1628: 1624: 1622: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1592: 1588: 1583: 1572: 1566: 1556: 1554: 1547: 1546: 1541: 1537: 1530: 1526: 1522: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1496: 1492: 1488: 1484: 1480: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1464: 1460: 1456: 1452: 1448: 1444: 1440: 1429: 1424: 1422: 1417: 1415: 1410: 1409: 1407: 1406: 1401: 1391: 1390: 1389: 1388: 1381: 1378: 1377: 1372: 1369: 1367: 1364: 1363: 1362: 1359: 1357: 1354: 1350: 1347: 1345: 1342: 1341: 1340: 1337: 1335: 1332: 1330: 1327: 1325: 1322: 1321: 1316: 1313: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1303: 1302: 1301: 1300: 1297: 1294: 1292: 1289: 1288: 1285: 1280: 1279: 1272: 1269: 1267: 1264: 1262: 1259: 1255: 1252: 1251: 1250: 1247: 1245: 1242: 1240: 1239:Proselytizing 1237: 1235: 1232: 1230: 1227: 1225: 1222: 1220: 1217: 1215: 1212: 1210: 1207: 1205: 1202: 1200: 1197: 1195: 1192: 1190: 1187: 1185: 1182: 1180: 1177: 1175: 1172: 1170: 1167: 1165: 1162: 1158: 1155: 1153: 1150: 1149: 1148: 1147:Denominations 1145: 1141: 1138: 1137: 1136: 1133: 1131: 1128: 1126: 1123: 1121: 1118: 1116: 1113: 1111: 1108: 1106: 1103: 1101: 1098: 1097: 1094: 1090: 1085: 1084: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1053: 1050: 1049: 1045: 1043: 1042: 1038: 1036: 1035: 1031: 1030: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1018: 1015: 1010: 1009: 1002: 1000: 996: 994: 992: 988: 987: 983: 980: 978: 976: 972: 970: 968: 964: 962: 960: 956: 955: 951: 950: 945: 944: 939: 938: 934: 932: 931: 927: 926: 920: 917: 915: 912: 911: 907: 906: 899: 896: 894: 891: 889: 886: 885: 882: 879: 877: 874: 873: 870: 865: 864: 857: 854: 853: 850: 847: 845: 842: 841: 838: 835: 833: 830: 829: 826: 822: 819: 818: 815: 810: 809: 805: 801: 800: 797: 794: 793: 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Retrieved 5115:Filmfare.com 5114: 5104: 5095: 5085: 5076: 5067: 5052: 5033: 5027: 5018: 5007:. Retrieved 5000:the original 4990: 4983: 4974: 4970: 4963: 4943: 4936: 4916: 4909: 4889: 4882: 4872:20 September 4870:. Retrieved 4834: 4816: 4799: 4790: 4781: 4759: 4756:Moshe Sharon 4752:David Ayalon 4745: 4725: 4718: 4707:. Retrieved 4692: 4688: 4681: 4670:. Retrieved 4655: 4651: 4644: 4633:. Retrieved 4623: 4603: 4596: 4585:. Retrieved 4581:the original 4571: 4562: 4549: 4536: 4528: 4524: 4519: 4503: 4498: 4490: 4486: 4481: 4466: 4451: 4446: 4427: 4421: 4412: 4391: 4357: 4349: 4332: 4306: 4300: 4283: 4277: 4260: 4254: 4242:. Retrieved 4238:the original 4233: 4224: 4212:. Retrieved 4208:the original 4203: 4194: 4182:. Retrieved 4173: 4169: 4159: 4149: 4139: 4131: 4126: 4118: 4113: 4097: 4092: 4073: 4063: 4044: 4034: 4015: 4005: 3996: 3987: 3978: 3913:Lian padukan 3877:Silat Melayu 3835:Bakti Negara 3826:Pencak silat 3740:Central Asia 3683:Martial arts 3670: 3658: 3646: 3626: 3615: 3593: 3587: 3583: 3581: 3556:Adab (Islam) 3539: 3528: 3521: 3510: 3433: 3379: 3367: 3341:Sub-Saharan 3340: 3316:Seljuk Turks 3313: 3282:Central Asia 3278:North Africa 3263: 3217: 3205: 3198:Saudi Arabia 3176: 3174: 3139: 3133: 3131: 3126: 3108: 3104:Amir Khusrow 3097: 3089: 3075: 3069:is known as 3066: 3056: 3024: 3010: 3003: 2997: 2993: 2988: 2983: 2971: 2967: 2963: 2962:ceremonies. 2957: 2951: 2949: 2933: 2931: 2926: 2920: 2880: 2876:Muscat, Oman 2869: 2861:Ghahve-Khave 2860: 2856: 2852: 2844: 2834: 2829: 2827: 2793: 2789:Wayang Menak 2788: 2785:Wayang Sadat 2784: 2774: 2767: 2761: 2757: 2739: 2733:Shia Islamic 2724: 2713:shadow plays 2702: 2691: 2597: 2566: 2538: 2519:Khalifatabad 2435:Delhi, India 2415:public baths 2349: 2340:Architecture 2323: 2312: 2302:khatt Islami 2301: 2271: 2247:calligraphic 2226: 2219: 2127: 2107:Wayang Kulit 2022: 1991:Begum Rokeya 1967: 1963:Allama Iqbal 1924: 1911:Shahid Minar 1891:Shahid Minar 1862:Omar Khayyam 1835: 1813:. After the 1786: 1771: 1757:, the wider 1715:Central Asia 1687:Greater Iran 1665: 1631: 1618: 1602: 1595:الأدب العربي 1585: 1550: 1543: 1447:Muslim world 1442: 1438: 1437: 1356:Islamophobia 1135:Demographics 1130:Circumcision 1088: 1046: 1039: 1032: 998: 990: 974: 966: 958: 947: 941: 935: 928: 634:Madih nabawi 197:Oriental rug 79:Indo-Islamic 65:Architecture 57: 6889:WikiProject 6821:Tea culture 6724:Culturalism 6694:Culture gap 6657:Pop-culture 6457:Catholicism 6379:Culture war 5837:Low culture 5736:Culturomics 5643:Culturology 5408:Works cited 4811:: Mage 2005 4234:Banglapedia 3964:Muslim meme 3895:Seni Gayong 3808:Lathi Khela 3718:Yağlı güreş 3637:herbivorous 3575:cooking in 3470:Family life 3440:Eid ul-Adha 3436:Eid ul-Fitr 3411:written by 3355:South India 3274:Middle East 3141:Eid el-Adha 3082:Afghanistan 3015:founded by 2990:Al-Ghazzali 2941:Al-Ghazzali 2917:dance show. 2849:storyteller 2610:wikt:haikal 2592:scrolls in 2439:Jama Masjid 2319:Islamic art 2278:calligraphy 2274:handwriting 2262:Calligraphy 2243:Islamic art 2178:portraiture 2150:Islamic art 2130:Islamic art 2075:Islamic art 1823:Transoxiana 1793:Old Persian 1703:Afghanistan 1683:literatures 1679:New Persian 1371:Laws of war 1034:Ahl al-Bayt 919:Foundations 536:South Asian 436:Azerbaijani 368:Chaand Raat 227:Turkmen rug 157:Calligraphy 74:Azerbaijani 5886:Subculture 5664:Bioculture 5292:. p. 5009:2018-05-19 4709:2014-03-16 4672:2014-03-16 4635:2014-03-16 4587:2018-12-10 4512:0944940005 4342:9971774887 4316:0754674061 4293:1438110251 4270:9231028138 4184:7 November 3970:References 3944:Islamicate 3926:West Asian 3812:Bangladesh 3803:Bangladesh 3794:Bangladesh 3577:Chittagong 3499:of giving 3446:(see also 3401:Runa Laila 3363:Duff Muttu 3349:, and the 3284:. Because 3119:Naqshbandi 3023:, and its 2911:performing 2801:by way of 2717:marionette 2682:Indonesian 2523:Bangladesh 2096:Bangladesh 2092:Sunderbans 2084:Patachitra 2054:Karamanids 1949:) and the 1931:Ghaznavids 1927:Ghaznavids 1909:. Central 1811: 650 1797:Achaemenid 1767:Bangladesh 1755:Azerbaijan 1751:South Asia 1747:Ghaznavids 1723:South Asia 1719:Tajikistan 1656:See also: 1569:See also: 1521:cultures. 1519:Indonesian 1481:, and the 1479:Byzantines 1224:Philosophy 961:(exegesis) 898:Pilgrimage 888:Almsgiving 684:Tambourine 461:Indonesian 422:Literature 383:Imamat Day 167:Embroidery 84:Indonesian 40:Bangladesh 6714:Culturgen 6482:Mormonism 6440:Religions 6113:Cultureme 6031:Destroyed 5657:Subfields 4867:30677644M 4823:"Theatre" 4108:, p. 200. 4070:"Persian" 3922:Furusiyya 3872:Indonesia 3863:Indonesia 3854:Indonesia 3845:Indonesia 3839:Indonesia 3830:Indonesia 3709:Pahlavani 3699:, a type 3648:Merciful. 3595:bismillah 3429:Bhatiyali 3328:Caliphate 3175:Although 2945:Al-Nawawi 2851:called a 2781:Indonesia 2772:theatre. 2723:known as 2631:arabesque 2616:churches. 2419:fountains 2375:Byzantine 2359:buildings 2307:خط اسلامي 2251:geometric 2134:arabesque 1627:etiquette 1529:Hyderabad 1495:Caucasian 1344:terrorism 1296:Criticism 1249:Sexuality 1219:Mysticism 1189:Festivals 1169:Education 1164:Economics 1100:Academics 1056:Caliphate 869:Practices 702:Bangsawan 679:Talempong 491:Malaysian 363:al-Ghadir 295:Jellabiya 285:Headscarf 192:Miniature 6912:Category 6865:Category 6447:Buddhism 6197:Politics 5606:Sciences 5441:(1998). 5369:Archived 5356:Archived 5343:Archived 5119:Archived 5096:DAWN.COM 5077:DAWN.COM 4859:52727562 4758:(eds.), 4525:Muqarnas 4204:NewsGram 4178:Archived 3933:See also 3917:Malaysia 3908:Malaysia 3899:Malaysia 3890:Malaysia 3881:Malaysia 3731:Pakistan 3675:— 3663:— 3651:— 3518:Marriage 3425:Bhawaiya 3417:Jari gan 3320:Anatolia 3226:Pakistan 3212:and the 3158:Javanese 3084:and the 3071:tannoura 3061:and the 2968:maarifat 2811:Anatolia 2748:'s sons 2694:Muhammad 2606:Mitraism 2559:Minarets 2541:Muhammad 2495:Istanbul 2480:Alhambra 2460:Kairouan 2409:and the 2282:alphabet 2235:Muhammad 2227:musawwir 2088:Gazi Pir 2041:Ottomans 1838:Ferdowsi 1831:Samanids 1827:Tahirids 1819:Khorasan 1774:Persians 1763:Pakistan 1717:such as 1707:Caucasus 1483:Persians 1380:Glossary 1366:Jihadism 1339:Violence 1334:Islamism 1305:Muhammad 1291:Apostasy 1234:Politics 1184:Feminism 1179:Exorcism 1140:Diaspora 1125:Children 1120:Calendar 1048:Rashidun 1026:Muhammad 1021:Timeline 982:Mathnawi 844:Prophets 788:a series 786:Part of 506:Nigerian 471:Kashmiri 465:Javanese 388:New Year 358:Arba'een 349:Holidays 310:Keffiyeh 246:Clothing 202:Paan dan 50:a series 48:Part of 6896:Changes 6877:Commons 6520:Related 6511:Sikhism 6506:Judaism 5937:Aspects 5599:Outline 5585:Culture 5517:transl. 3785:Nigeria 3776:Senegal 3749:Somalia 3745:Istunka 3633:alcohol 3629:carrion 3535:Shahada 3505:Ramadan 3495:in the 3444:Ashurah 3409:ghazals 3375:mystics 3357:, see: 3330:as the 3308:Qawwali 3214:Taliban 3194:Wahhabi 3186:British 3177:tariqas 3162:Bedouin 3154:Persian 3150:Ottoman 3111:Maghreb 3099:qawwali 3078:Chishti 3044:Mevlevi 2853:morshed 2807:Mongols 2795:Karagoz 2769:ta'zieh 2758:akhraja 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