1123:. From Chapter XI: The Mediterranean World – Introduction: "The next strip to follow, in a geographical sense, would be the whole highland belt of central Europe stretching over to the Balkans, to Asia Minor, and across to the Caucasus and Turkestan. This second zone, however, is one of immense racial complexity. In it various branches of the greater Mediterranean family, of Neolithic date and later, have been modified by combining in various proportions with each other and with the autochthonous Alpine race. The key to the complexity of this zone lies in the genetic action of this last entity, which is apparently a reduced, somewhat foetalized, or more highly evolved branch of the old Paleolithic stock than those which we have been studying in the north. Since, however, it is the action of this element upon the Mediterranean family which is important here, it will be easier to study this zone after having surveyed the population of a third belt, that occupied by the purest living representatives of the Mediterranean race. This third racial zone stretches from Spain across the Straits of Gibraltar to Morocco, and thence along the southern Mediterranean shores into Arabia, East Africa, Mesopotamia, and the Persian highlands; and across Afghanistan into India. This zone is one of comparative racial simplicity. In it the brunet Mediterranean race lives today in its various regional forms without, in most cases, the complication of the Paleolithic survivals and reemergences which have so confused the racial picture on the ground of Europe itself. Only in the mountains of Morocco and Algeria, and in the Canary Islands, is such a survival of any importance. The Careful study of living populations of the Mediterranean race in its early homelands will do much to simplify the task which lies ahead."
1136:. From Chapter X: The British Isles: "The Neolithic economy was probably first brought to Britain by the bearers of the Windmill Hill culture from the Continent, and they, in turn, were members of the group which had invaded western Europe from North Africa by way of Gibraltar. The racial type to which these Windmill Hill people presumably belonged was a small Mediterranean, but there is little or no direct skeletal evidence from England to confirm this. By far the most important Neolithic movement into Great Britain, and into Ireland as well, came by sea from the eastern Mediterranean lands, using Spain as a halting point on the way. It was this invasion which passed up the Irish Channel to western and northern Scotland, and around to Denmark and Sweden. The settlers who came by sea were the Megalithic people, and belonged to a clearly differentiated variety of tall, extremely long-headed Mediterranean, which was presumably for the most part brunet. This racial group furnished both Great Britain and Ireland, which consisted, before their arrival, of nearly empty land, with a numerous and civilized population which has left many descendants today."
1172:"Our area, from Morocco to Afghanistan, is the homeland and cradle of the Mediterranean race. Mediterraneans are also found in Spain, Portugal, most of Italy, Greece and the Mediterranean islands, and in all these places, as in Southwest Asia, they form the major genetic element in the local populations. In a dark-skinned and finer-boned form, they are also found as the major population element in Pakistan and northern India ... The Mediterranean race, then, is indigenous to, and the principal element in, Southwest Asia, and the greatest concentration of a highly evolved Mediterranean type falls among two of the most ancient Semitic-speaking peoples, notably the Arabs and the Jews (Although it may please neither party, this is the truth.). The Mediterraneans occupy the centre of the stage; their areas of greatest concentration are precisely those where civilization is the oldest. This is to be expected since it was they who produced it and it, in a sense, that produced them.",
1587:"The genetic proximity observed between the Berbers and southern Europeans reveals that these groups shared a common ancestor. Two hypotheses are discussed: one would date these common origins in the Upper Paleolithic with the expansion of anatomically modern humans, from the Near East to both shores of the Mediterranean Sea; the other supports the Near Eastern origin, but would rather date it from the Neolithic, around 10,000 years ago (Ammerman & Cavalli-Sforza 1973; Barbujani et al. 1994; Myles et al. 2005; Rando et al. 1998). Common polymorphisms (i.e. those defining H and V lineages) between Berbers and south Europeans also could have been introduced or supported by genetic flows through the Straits of Gibraltar. For example, genetic exchanges could have taken place during prehistory, while European populations retreated from ice sheets and expanded from refuge, around 15,000 years ago (as evidenced by the H and U5b mitochondrial lineages).",
1570:) and the genetic distance between them was very low (except for Moroccans). Tunisians and Middle Eastern populations did not show a significant level of differentiation with northern populations. The conclusion was :"Tunisians did not show a significant level of differentiation with northern populations as mentioned by others. (...) The genetic distance between populations in the Middle East and the western part of the Mediterranean area was very low, most likely reflecting the effect of the Neolithic Wave and recent migration events. Only the Moroccan population showed a significant genetic distance from the remaining Mediterranean populations including populations that are geographically close to it, showing the importance of the
286:," or "dark whites" … In these regions are found, more or less mixed with Xanthochroi and Mongoloids, and extending to a greater or less distance into the conterminous Xanthochroic, Mongoloid, Negroid and Australioid areas, the men whom I have termed Melanochroi, or dark whites. Under its best form this type is exhibited by many Irishmen, Welshmen and Bretons, by Spaniards, South Italians, Greeks, Armenians, Arabs and high-caste Brahmins … I am much disposed to think that the Melanochroi are the result of an intermixture between the Xanthochroi and the Australoids. It is to the Xanthochroi and Melanochroi, taken together, that the absurd denomination of "Caucasian" is usually applied.
228:
1808:"It may be doubted whether any character can be named which is distinctive of a race and is constant... they graduate into each other, and.. it is hardly possible to discover clear distinctive characters between them... As it is improbable that the numerous and unimportant points of resemblance between the several races of man in bodily structure and mental faculties (I do not here refer to similar customs) should all have been independently acquired, they must have been inherited from progenitors who had these same characters.", Charles Darwin,
476:
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human stocks which remain constant through long ages and at far remote spots As a zoologist can recognise the character of an animal species or variety belonging to any region of the globe or any period of time, so also should an anthropologist if he follows the same method of investigating the morphological characters of the skull This method has guided me in my investigations into the present problem and has given me unexpected results which were often afterwards confirmed by archaeology or history."
770:
1531:, "Les populations du pourtour méditerranéen forment une entité anthropologique de loin plus cohérente que celles proposées par les découpages entre pays ou entre continents." ("The people around the Mediterranean Sea form an anthropological entity much more coherent than those proposed by the divisions between countries and between continents."),
797:
The Celtic Race (anc. χελτοι, Galatæ, Pyreni), are characterised by a well-formed head, elongated from front to back, and moderate in breadth; face oval; features well defined and elegantly formed; complexion dark; dark brown or black eyes; black hair turning early grey; form middle size, handsome;
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also asserted that "it must, I think, be recognized that the
Mediterranean race has actually more achievement to its credit than any other, since it is responsible for by far the greater part of Mediterranean civilization, certainly before 1000 B.C. (and probably much later), and so shaped not only
869:
With the availability of new data due to the development of modern genetics, the concept of races in a biological sense has become untenable. Problems of the concept include: It "is not useful or necessary in research", scientists are not able to agree on the definition of a certain proposed race,
712:
where their descendants may be seen today, characterized by dark brown hair, dark eyes and robust features. He stressed the central role of the
Mediterraneans in his works, claiming "The Mediterraneans occupy the center of the stage; their areas of greatest concentration are precisely those where
555:
human variety, neither white nor negroid, but pure in its elements, that is to say not a product of the mixture of Whites with
Negroes or negroid peoples." He explained this taxonomy as inspired by an understanding of "the morphology of the skull as revealing those internal physical characters of
870:
and they do not even agree on the number of races, with some proponents of the concept suggesting 300 or even more "races". Also, data are not reconcilable with the concept of a treelike evolution nor with the concept of "biologically discrete, isolated, or static" populations.
828:, not excessive pilosity; medium-low stature (162), body of moderately longilinear forms; dolichomorphic skull (78) with rounded occiput; oval face; leptorrhine nose (68) with straight spine, horizontal or inclined downwards base of the septum; large open eyes." Agreeing with
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feet and hands small. Mental powers quick, active and energetic, rather than profound. Passions and affections strong. Fond of society, but not forgetful of injuries. Monarchial in their governments. They occupy the southern and insular parts of Europe.
1851:"Indeed, if a species has sufficient gene flow, there can be no evolutionary tree of populations, because there are no population splits...", Templeton, A. (2016). EVOLUTION AND NOTIONS OF HUMAN RACE. In Losos J. & Lenski R. (Eds.),
848:, the earliest known inhabitants of Sardinia belonged, on the basis of the skeletons unearthed, to the Mediterranean race and were related to the North Africans; they were relatively dark-skinned, black-to-chestnut haired, and short in stature.
760:
stated: "The belief in 'races' as natural aspects of human biology, and the structures of inequality (racism) that emerge from such beliefs, are among the most damaging elements in the human experience both today and in the past."
1515:, "Dans le Bassin méditerranéen, la ressemblance entre tous les peuples vivant des deux côtés de la mer est remarquable" ("In the Mediterranean Basin, the similarity between all peoples living on both sides of the sea is great"),
559:
According to Sergi, the
Mediterranean race was the "greatest race of the world" and was singularly responsible for the most accomplished civilizations of antiquity, including those of
2855:
525:. However, in southern Europe itself alternative models were developed which stressed the merits of Mediterranean peoples, drawing on established traditions dating from ancient and
727:
In the U.S., the idea that the
Mediterranean race included certain populations on the African continent was taken up in the early 20th century by African-American writers such as
216:
were an ideal people because they possessed a medium skin-tone, in contrast to pale northerners. By the 19th century, long-standing cultural and religious differences between
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the Aegean cultures, but those of
Western as well as the greater part of Eastern Mediterranean lands, while the culture of their near relatives, the Hamitic pre-dynastic
294:, whereas his Melanochroi became the Mediterranean race. As such, Huxley's Melanochroi eventually also comprised various other dark Caucasoid populations, including the
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1989:
338:. He also acknowledged the existence of non-European Caucasoids, including various populations that did not speak Indo-European or Indo-Iranian languages, such as
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1831:
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C. S. Coon wrote that marked
Mediterranean features included skin color ranging "from pink or peaches-and-cream to a light brown", a relatively prominent and
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stressed the cross-fertilization of cultures between Africa and Europe, and adopted Sergi's view that the "civilizing" race had originated in Africa itself.
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Eleven populations around the
Mediterranean basin were analysed by Tomas et al. 2008 (Catanzaro, Cosenza, Reggio di Calabria, Sicily from the South of
1928:
1574:
as a geographic barrier and supporting the idea of a low impact of the
Neolithic demic diffusion and more recent migrations in North-West Africa",
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X-chromosome SNP analyses in 11 human
Mediterranean populations show a high overall genetic homogeneity except in North-west Africans (Moroccans)
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1982:
806:, the marked features of the Mediterranean race were dark hair, dark eyes, a long face, dolichocephalic skull, and a variable narrow nose.
46:
based on a now-disproven theory of biological race. According to writers of the late 19th to mid-20th centuries it was a sub-race of the
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1886:
Wagner, Jennifer K.; Yu, Joon-Ho; Ifekwunigwe, Jayne O.; Harrell, Tanya M.; Bamshad, Michael J.; Royal, Charmaine D. (February 2017).
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Wagner, Jennifer K.; Yu, Joon-Ho; Ifekwunigwe, Jayne O.; Harrell, Tanya M.; Bamshad, Michael J.; Royal, Charmaine D. (February 2017).
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110:, despite living far from the Mediterranean, were thought to have some minority Mediterranean elements in their population, such as
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asserted that the Mediterraneans were deficient because of the corruption of their language. See Poliakov, L., The Aryan Myth, 1974
547:, in the region of the great lakes, near the sources of the Nile, including Somalia, and which later spread from there to populate
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civilisation is the oldest. This is to be expected, since it was they who produced it and it, in a sense, that produced them".
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The fact that there are no sharp distinctions between the supposed racial groups had been observed by Blumenbach and later by
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Anne Maxwell. Picture Imperfect: Photography and Eugenics, 1870–1940. Paperback edition. Sussex Academic Press, 2010. P. 150.
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Later in the 20th century, the concept of a distinctive Mediterranean race was still considered useful by theorists such as
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and the Mediterranean people. Such debates arose from responses to ancient writers who had commented on differences between
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696:. Coon also argued that smaller Mediterraneans had travelled by land from the Mediterranean basin north into Europe in the
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1960:
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were a branch of the Eurafricans who were closely related to the Mediterraneans. He also asserted that the light-skinned
832:'s classification, Biasutti also adopted a category of "Ibero-Insular" for a more archaic and isolated type observed in
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Giuseppe Sergi, The Mediterranean Race: A Study of the Origin of European Peoples (BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2008), pp. 42–43.
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1932:
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New York:1920 Doubleday & Co. Volume I Chapter XI "The Races of Mankind" Pages 131–144 See Pages 98, 137, and 139
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Giuseppe Sergi, The Mediterranean Race: A Study of the Origin of European Peoples (Forgotten Books, 2018), pp. 39–44.
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Giuseppe Sergi, The Mediterranean Race: A Study of the Origin of European Peoples (BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2008), p. 309.
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Giuseppe Sergi, The Mediterranean Race: A Study of the Origin of European Peoples (BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2008), p. 100.
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Giuseppe Sergi, The Mediterranean Race: A Study of the Origin of European Peoples (BiblioBazaar, LLC, 2008), p. 250.
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While the close relationship between people living on both sides of the Mediterranean has been confirmed by modern
627:, themselves constituting a Mediterranean variety and one situated close to the cradle of the stock. To Sergi, the
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Giuseppe Sergi, The Mediterranean Race: A Study of the Origin of European Peoples (Forgotten Books, 2018), p. 166.
539:(1901) argued that the Mediterranean race had likely originated from a common ancestral stock that evolved in the
258:
In the 19th century, the division of humanity into distinct races became a matter for scientific debate. In 1870,
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Giuseppe Sergi, The Mediterranean Race: A Study of the Origin of European Peoples (Forgotten Books, 2018), p. 36.
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The first physical and social description of the Mediterranean race (then termed "Celtic race") was given by the
551:, and the circum-Mediterranean region. Sergi added that the Mediterranean race "in its external characters is a
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concludes in 2016: "he answer to the question whether races exist in humans is clear and unambiguous: no."
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Racial differentiations occurred following long-standing claims about the alleged differences between the
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theory that the Nordic race was the northern variety of Mediterraneans that lost pigmentation through
642:, "it is in North Africa that we must probably place the original hotbed of that Mediterranean race".
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claimed that the Latin people maintained "the principle of disharmony" in contrast to the Germans.
39:
323:
278:). The Xanthochroic race were the "fair whites" of north and central Europe. According to Huxley,
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given as an example of the Mediterranean type of the Caucasoid race by 19th century race theorist
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1634:"The Racial Geography of Europe. A Sociological Study: VI. – France – The Teuton and the Celt VI"
331:
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Diversité des allotypes des immunoglobulines d’une population berbère de la vallée de Tacheddirt
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731:, who used it to attack white supremacist ideas about racial "purity". Such publications as the
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and Mediterranean. Ripley noted that although the European Caucasoid populations largely spoke (
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Templeton, A. (2016). EVOLUTION AND NOTIONS OF HUMAN RACE. In Losos J. & Lenski R. (Eds.),
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319:
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Melville Jacobs, Bernhard Joseph Stern. General anthropology. Barnes & Noble, 1963. P. 57.
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Templeton, A. (2016). "Evolution and Notions of Human Race". In Losos, J.; Lenski, R. (eds.).
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A Place in the Sun: Africa in Italian Colonial Culture from Post-Unification to the Present
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944:... the answer to the question whether races exist in humans is clear and unambiguous: no.
8:
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517:". Southern/Eastern Europeans were deemed to be inferior, an argument that dated back to
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2007:
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1884:. That this view reflects the consensus among American anthropologists is stated in:
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seafarers who sailed in reed-type boats and colonised the Mediterranean basin from a
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820:, frequent Mediterranean traits included "skin color 'matte'-white or brunet-white,
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as the most "advanced" of all the human population groups, designating them as the "
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characterized the subgroup as having shorter or medium (not tall) stature, a long (
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752:, the concept of distinct human races in a biological sense is rejected by modern
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1967:
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After discussing various criteria used in biology to define subspecies or races,
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140:, the prevalence of dark hair and eyes, and frequently darker skin, ranging from
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The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
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688:. He further stated that Mediterraneans formed the major population element in
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662:
646:
628:
568:
564:
532:
357:
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By the late 19th century, Huxley's Xanthochroi group had been redefined as the
129:
95:
67:
47:
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According to Coon, the "homeland and cradle" of the Mediterranean race was in
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217:
141:
137:
103:
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2370:
2156:
2111:
2106:
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2023:
1921:
1881:
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1685:
1655:
Rhind, William (1851). "Section XV: The Caucasian Race and its Sub-Races".
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939:
821:
673:
584:
572:
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522:
169:
133:
87:
71:
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2912:
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2272:
2146:
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The Complex and Diversified Mitochondrial Gene Pool of Berber Populations
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C.S. Coon, Caravan : the Story of the Middle East, 1958, pp. 154-157
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685:
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being especially common and epitomizing the supposed Mediterranean race.
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On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind,
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Evolution biologique, Ă©volution culturelle (L'evoluzione della cultura)
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825:
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On the south and west this type comes into contact and mixes with the "
271:
232:
149:
91:
50:. According to various definitions, it was said to be prevalent in the
2168:
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Ripley (1899), The Races of Europe, p. 121; Synonyms column shortened
1284:
The races of Europe; a sociological study (Lowell institute lectures)
721:
705:
701:
592:
506:
370:
267:
209:
83:
75:
59:
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Der ReichsfĂĽhrer SS/SS-Hauptamt, Rassenpolitik (SS handbook on race)
521:'s claims that racial mixing was responsible for the decline of the
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2267:
934:. Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press. pp. 346–361.
833:
790:
749:
689:
616:
608:
580:
576:
489:(1916). Mediterranean race is shown in yellow; green indicates the
205:
119:
1606:
American Association of Physical Anthropologists (27 March 2019).
314:(1899) created a tripartite model, which was later popularised by
298:(e.g. Berbers, Somalis, northern Sudanese, ancient Egyptians) and
2857:
An Investigation of Global Policy with the Yamato Race as Nucleus
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2185:
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681:
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99:
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Strangers in the Land: Patterns of American Nativism, 1860–1925
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544:
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1876:(pp. 346–361). Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press.
595:. The four great branches of the Mediterranean stock were the
1874:
How Evolution Shapes Our Lives: Essays on Biology and Society
1853:
How Evolution Shapes Our Lives: Essays on Biology and Society
1551:
1547:
932:
How Evolution Shapes Our Lives: Essays on Biology and Society
299:
236:
201:
115:
43:
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An Essay upon the Causes of the Different Colours of People
1567:
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1139:
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claims about the superiority of civilisation in the south.
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in Europe and the United States promoted the merits of the
1885:
1361:. Such ideas were repeated by Gobineau's admirers such as
955:
1855:(p. 355). Princeton; Oxford: Princeton University Press.
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era. Taller Mediterraneans (Atlanto-Mediterraneans) were
1888:"Anthropologists' views on race, ancestry, and genetics"
958:"Anthropologists' views on race, ancestry, and genetics"
813:, considerable body hair, and dark brown to black hair.
98:. To a lesser extent, certain populations of people in
2825:
The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy
334:) languages, the oldest extant language in Europe was
1307:
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262:
argued that there were four basic racial categories (
1997:
1302:
1060:
2940:
1937:American Association of Physical Anthropologists
1929:American Association of Physical Anthropologists
1822:
1820:
1612:American Association of Physical Anthropologists
1483:The African Origin of the Grecian Civilization,
1014:American Association of Physical Anthropologists
1006:American Association of Physical Anthropologists
758:American Association of Physical Anthropologists
224:south were being reinterpreted in racial terms.
1550:; Valencia, Ibiza and Majorca from the East of
1323:Infected Christianity: A Study of Modern Racism
464:Ibero-Insular, Atlanto-Mediterranean (Deniker)
1782:La Sardegna. Note e commenti di un antropologo
1779:
1149:. University of California Press, 2003. P. 66.
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851:
2769:An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races
1983:
1866:
1826:
1817:
1230:Journal of the Ethnological Society of London
1036:Racialization: Studies In Theory And Practice
929:
438:Occidental (Deniker), Homo Alpinus (Lapouge)
661:(1939). These writers subscribed to Sergi's
479:Distribution of European racial types, from
196:. The Greek and Roman people considered the
1601:
1599:
1058:
1033:
708:origin. He argued that they also colonised
409:Nordic (Deniker), Homo Europaeus (Lapouge)
2761:Occasional Discourse on the Negro Question
1990:
1976:
1794:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1686:Carleton S. Coon on the Mediterranean Race
1671:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
741:referred to the Mediterranean race as the
350:European racial types according to Ripley
2785:The Foundations of the Nineteenth Century
1911:
1892:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
1269:The Races of Europe: A Sociological Study
981:
962:American Journal of Physical Anthropology
836:, and especially among the South Eastern
1596:
1290:. K. Paul Trench, TrĂĽbner & co., ltd
1038:. Oxford University Press. p. 215.
768:
474:
226:
164:
1752:Carla Maria Calò (2018). I gruppi umani
1710:"Renato Biasutti on Caucasoid Subraces"
1658:Second-Class Book of Physical Geography
1242:
1168:
1166:
1164:
14:
2941:
2376:Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon
1832:""Race" 1997 and 2001: A Race Odyssey"
1631:
1473:, Vol. 54. (Jan. - Jun., 1924), p. 30.
1320:
1280:
1271:(New York: D. Appleton and Co., 1899).
724:, formed the basis of that of Egypt."
1971:
1654:
1099:. Taylor & Francis. p. 241.
840:, which went by the specific name of
136:) skull, a narrow and often slightly
1839:American Anthropological Association
1736:Appunti antropologici sulla Sardegna
1161:
1067:. Rutgers University Press. p.
1027:
2928:Pre-modern conceptions of whiteness
1933:"AAPA Statement on Race and Racism"
1648:
1608:"AAPA Statement on Race and Racism"
1113:
1010:"AAPA Statement on Race and Racism"
657:in his revised edition of Ripley's
24:
1638:Appleton's Popular Science Monthly
1034:Karim Murji, John Solomos (2005).
764:
155:
25:
2960:
2833:The Myth of the Twentieth Century
2753:The Outline of History of Mankind
1953:
1249:. Watts & Company. p. 19
793:scientist William Rhind in 1851:
27:Outdated grouping of human beings
2801:Heredity in Relation to Eugenics
635:descended from the Eurafricans.
160:
1845:
1802:
1773:
1768:Le Razze e i Popoli della terra
1766:Biasutti, Rodolfo (1967-1941).
1760:
1745:
1728:
1702:
1679:
1625:
1593:, Coudray et al., december 2008
1581:
1540:
1522:
1506:
1491:
1476:
1464:
1442:
1433:
1424:
1415:
1406:
1397:
1388:
1379:
1373:), and later by the Nazis. See
1351:
1327:McGill-Queen's University Press
1314:
1274:
1261:
1236:
1221:
1205:
1192:
1183:
1152:
470:
322:into three main subcategories:
253:
2949:Historical definitions of race
2793:Race Life of the Aryan Peoples
1999:Historical definitions of race
1126:
1085:
1052:
998:
949:
923:
822:chestnut or dark chestnut eyes
543:region or the Eastern part of
435:Variable; rather broad, heavy
40:obsolete racial classification
13:
1:
2817:The Passing of the Great Race
1243:Gregory, John Walter (1931).
917:
486:The Passing of the Great Race
2716:Otmar Freiherr von Verschuer
1697:The Story of the Middle East
1178:the Story of the Middle East
1097:The Early Sociology of Class
777:, used as an example of the
623:were considered by Sergi as
220:northwestern Europe and the
172:of Mediterranean type, from
7:
2431:Egon Freiherr von Eickstedt
2396:Houston Stewart Chamberlain
2346:Johann Friedrich Blumenbach
1632:Ripley, William Z. (1897).
1519:, Odile Jacob, 2005, p. 119
1363:Houston Stewart Chamberlain
1281:Ripley, William Z. (1913).
880:
852:Modern scientific consensus
461:Narrow, slightly aquilline
10:
2965:
1452:, Henry Holt, 1912, p. 104
1246:Race as a Political Factor
855:
2875:
2734:
2526:Georges Vacher de Lapouge
2303:
2201:
2057:
2014:
2005:
1784:. Torino. pp. 20 ff.
1513:Luigi Luca Cavalli-Sforza
501:During the 20th century,
148:or dark brown skin tone;
2898:History of anthropometry
2666:Charles Gabriel Seligman
2491:Frederick Ludwig Hoffman
2179:Sinodonty and Sundadonty
1742:, a. 15, n. 11, Florence
1734:Cipriani, Lidio (1934).
1485:Journal of Negro History
1371:Herodom and Christianity
1359:Gobineau and Chamberlain
733:Journal of Negro History
669:due to the environment.
2356:Daniel Garrison Brinton
1780:Giuseppe Sergi (1907).
1448:Robert Ranulph Marett,
1198:The Races of Europe by
1132:The Races of Europe by
1119:The Races of Europe by
2701:Thomas Griffith Taylor
2456:Reginald Ruggles Gates
1961:The Mediterranean Race
1882:10.2307/j.ctv7h0s6j.26
1861:10.2307/j.ctv7h0s6j.26
1756:University of Cagliari
1500:The Outline of History
940:10.2307/j.ctv7h0s6j.26
800:
786:
537:The Mediterranean Race
498:
288:
250:
181:
2841:Annihilation of Caste
2745:in Different Climates
2696:William Graham Sumner
2676:Samuel Stanhope Smith
2621:James Cowles Prichard
2253:Racial discrimination
1321:Davies, Alan (1988).
1134:Carleton Stevens Coon
795:
772:
710:Britain & Ireland
640:Robert Ranulph Marett
535:'s much-debated book
478:
280:
230:
178:Man, Past and Present
168:
2893:Great chain of being
2611:Ludwig Hermann Plate
2576:Samuel George Morton
2391:Samuel A. Cartwright
2241:in the United States
1770:. v 1-4, UTET, Turin
1695:C.S. Coon, Caravan.
1529:Jean-Michel Dugoujon
1200:Carlton Stevens Coon
1121:Carlton Stevens Coon
1059:John Higham (2002).
754:scientific consensus
493:; bright red is the
452:Dark brown or black
204:peoples to be wild,
174:Augustus Henry Keane
2849:The Races of Europe
2777:The Races of Europe
2556:Dominick McCausland
2506:Thomas Henry Huxley
2451:Stanley Marion Garn
2331:Robert Bennett Bean
2059:Historical concepts
1699:, 1958, pp. 154–157
1578:, Tomas et al. 2008
1572:Strait of Gibraltar
1487:, 1917, pp. 334–344
1267:William Z. Ripley,
1180:, 1958, pp. 154–157
680:, in the area from
351:
311:The Races of Europe
246:The Races of Europe
212:contended that the
102:, western parts of
94:, and parts of the
54:and areas near the
52:Mediterranean Basin
2721:Alexander Winchell
2651:Henric Sanielevici
2511:Calvin Ira Kephart
2481:Hans F. K. GĂĽnther
2466:Arthur de Gobineau
2366:Alice Mossie Brues
2263:Racial stereotypes
1904:10.1002/ajpa.23120
1811:The Descent of Man
1691:2009-02-01 at the
1145:Patrizia Palumbo.
974:10.1002/ajpa.23120
787:
779:Mediterranean race
519:Arthur de Gobineau
503:white supremacists
499:
349:
251:
194:southern Europeans
182:
32:Mediterranean race
2936:
2935:
2865:The Race Question
2711:John H. Van Evrie
2636:William Z. Ripley
2606:Charles Pickering
2551:Felix von Luschan
2521:Robert E. Kuttner
2421:Charles Davenport
2290:Whiteness studies
2016:Color terminology
2008:Scientific racism
1963:by Giuseppe Sergi
1931:(27 March 2019).
1008:(27 March 2019).
907:Irano-Afghan race
875:Alan R. Templeton
858:Race and genetics
804:William Z. Ripley
783:William Z. Ripley
667:natural selection
613:Ancient Egyptians
468:
467:
406:Narrow, aquiline
306:William Z. Ripley
241:William Z. Ripley
36:Mediterranid race
16:(Redirected from
2956:
2744:
2691:Lothrop Stoddard
2686:Morris Steggerda
2661:Ilse Schwidetzky
2656:Heinrich Schmidt
2641:Alfred Rosenberg
2601:Isaac La Peyrère
2406:Carleton S. Coon
2381:Charles Caldwell
2336:François Bernier
2219:in Latin America
1992:
1985:
1978:
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1712:. Archived from
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1629:
1623:
1622:
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1594:
1585:
1579:
1544:
1538:
1537:, Dugoujon, 2005
1526:
1520:
1510:
1504:
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1489:
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1111:
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1089:
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1066:
1056:
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1031:
1025:
1024:
1022:
1020:
1002:
996:
995:
985:
953:
947:
946:
927:
892:Mediterraneanism
729:W. E. B. Du Bois
655:Carleton S. Coon
581:Hittite Anatolia
458:Medium; slender
352:
348:
150:olive complexion
126:Carleton S. Coon
108:Southern Germany
62:, especially in
21:
2964:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2953:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2871:
2809:Castes in India
2730:
2726:Ludwig Woltmann
2681:Herbert Spencer
2571:Lewis H. Morgan
2541:Cesare Lombroso
2416:Jan Czekanowski
2401:Sonia Mary Cole
2341:Renato Biasutti
2299:
2278:Nazism and race
2197:
2174:Proto-Mongoloid
2053:
2010:
2001:
1996:
1956:
1951:
1941:
1939:
1871:
1867:
1850:
1846:
1834:
1825:
1818:
1807:
1803:
1787:
1786:
1778:
1774:
1765:
1761:
1750:
1746:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1716:on May 11, 2012
1708:
1707:
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1693:Wayback Machine
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860:
854:
844:. According to
842:Paleo-Sardinian
818:Renato Biasutti
767:
765:Physical traits
756:. In 2019, the
659:Races of Europe
651:Up From the Ape
473:
432:Medium; stocky
426:Light chestnut
256:
163:
158:
156:Racial theories
132:) or moderate (
130:dolichocephalic
64:Southern Europe
28:
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2671:Giuseppe Sergi
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2581:Josiah C. Nott
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2546:Bertil Lundman
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2496:Earnest Hooton
2493:
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2463:
2461:George Gliddon
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2453:
2448:
2446:Francis Galton
2443:
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2436:Anténor Firmin
2433:
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2283:Racial hygiene
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1955:
1954:External links
1952:
1950:
1949:
1898:(2): 318–327.
1865:
1844:
1816:
1813:p. 225 onwards
1801:
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1759:
1744:
1738:, Extr. from:
1727:
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1475:
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1378:
1369:(in his essay
1367:Richard Wagner
1350:
1335:
1313:
1301:
1273:
1260:
1235:
1220:
1212:G. W. F. Hegel
1204:
1191:
1182:
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1138:
1125:
1112:
1105:
1093:Bryan S Turner
1084:
1077:
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1044:
1026:
997:
968:(2): 318–327.
948:
921:
919:
916:
915:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
882:
879:
864:Charles Darwin
853:
850:
846:Giuseppe Sergi
766:
763:
717:C. G. Seligman
678:Southwest Asia
663:depigmentation
647:Earnest Hooton
569:Ancient Persia
565:Ancient Greece
533:Giuseppe Sergi
472:
469:
466:
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459:
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443:Mediterranean
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340:Hamito-Semitic
255:
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96:Horn of Africa
68:Eastern Europe
48:Caucasian race
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18:Mediterraneans
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4:
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2561:John Mitchell
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1828:Lieberman, L.
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1216:Johann Fichte
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1174:Carleton Coon
1169:
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1106:0-415-16723-X
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1078:0-8135-3123-3
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912:Armenoid race
910:
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887:Anthropometry
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839:
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816:According to
814:
812:
811:aquiline nose
807:
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802:According to
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561:Ancient Egypt
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329:
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318:. It divided
317:
316:Madison Grant
313:
312:
307:
303:
301:
297:
293:
292:"Nordic" race
287:
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260:Thomas Huxley
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161:Early debates
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138:aquiline nose
135:
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105:
104:Great Britain
101:
97:
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61:
57:
56:Mediterranean
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
2883:Ethnogenesis
2864:
2856:
2851:(Coon, 1939)
2848:
2840:
2832:
2824:
2816:
2808:
2800:
2792:
2784:
2776:
2768:
2760:
2752:
2742:
2735:Publications
2586:Karl Pearson
2476:John Grattan
2371:Halfdan Bryn
2236:in Singapore
2203:Sociological
2141:
1959:
1940:. Retrieved
1936:
1895:
1891:
1873:
1868:
1852:
1847:
1841:. p. 2.
1810:
1804:
1781:
1775:
1767:
1762:
1747:
1739:
1735:
1730:
1718:. Retrieved
1714:the original
1704:
1696:
1681:
1661:. Edinburgh.
1657:
1650:
1641:
1637:
1627:
1615:. Retrieved
1611:
1588:
1583:
1542:
1532:
1524:
1516:
1508:
1498:
1497:Wells, H.G.
1493:
1484:
1478:
1470:
1466:
1457:
1450:Anthropology
1449:
1444:
1435:
1426:
1417:
1408:
1399:
1390:
1381:
1353:
1322:
1316:
1292:. Retrieved
1283:
1276:
1268:
1263:
1251:. Retrieved
1245:
1238:
1229:
1223:
1207:
1194:
1185:
1177:
1154:
1146:
1141:
1128:
1115:
1096:
1087:
1062:
1054:
1035:
1029:
1017:. Retrieved
1013:
1000:
965:
961:
951:
943:
931:
925:
872:
868:
861:
841:
815:
808:
801:
796:
788:
778:
747:
743:Iberian race
742:
737:
732:
726:
715:
706:Near Eastern
674:North Africa
671:
658:
650:
644:
637:
585:Land of Punt
573:Ancient Rome
558:
549:North Africa
536:
531:
523:Roman Empire
500:
484:
471:20th century
429:Hazel, gray
309:
304:
289:
283:
281:
264:Xanthochroic
257:
254:19th century
244:
208:barbarians.
183:
177:
134:mesocephalic
124:
88:Central Asia
72:North Africa
35:
31:
29:
2923:Pre-Adamite
2913:Multiracial
2516:Robert Knox
2326:John Beddoe
2273:Master race
2229:in Colombia
2117:East Baltic
902:Arabid race
739:H. G. Wells
694:North India
686:Afghanistan
653:(1931) and
633:Nordic race
589:Mesopotamia
527:Renaissance
515:master race
511:Nordic race
495:Nordic race
491:Alpine race
397:Very light
284:Melanochroi
272:Australioid
90:, parts of
80:Middle East
2918:Polygenism
2908:Monogenism
2626:Otto Reche
2531:Fritz Lenz
2361:Paul Broca
2351:Franz Boas
2321:Erwin Baur
2316:John Baker
2210:By region
2067:Australoid
1926:See also:
1740:L'Universo
1345:j.ctt80fx5
1045:0199257035
918:References
897:Olive skin
856:See also:
838:Sardinians
698:Mesolithic
617:Ethiopians
605:Pelasgians
507:Nordicists
233:Englishman
218:Protestant
206:red haired
92:South Asia
86:; western
74:, most of
2295:NĂ©gritude
2224:in Brazil
2169:Mongoloid
2077:Caucasoid
1790:cite book
1667:cite book
773:Man from
722:Egyptians
702:Neolithic
601:Ligurians
593:Phoenicia
417:(Celtic)
381:Synonyms
320:Europeans
268:Mongoloid
210:Aristotle
200:and some
84:Near East
76:West Asia
60:Black Sea
2943:Category
2888:Eugenics
2268:Colorism
2214:in India
2122:Ethiopid
2102:Atlantid
2092:Armenoid
1922:27874171
1830:(1997).
1689:Archived
1095:(1998).
992:27874171
881:See also
834:Sardinia
830:Cipriani
791:Scottish
750:genetics
690:Pakistan
609:Iberians
607:and the
577:Carthage
387:Teutonic
375:Stature
346:groups.
324:Teutonic
249:(1899).
222:Catholic
198:Germanic
190:northern
170:Irishman
120:Cornwall
38:) is an
2876:Related
2304:Writers
2248:Passing
2191:Negrito
2186:Negroid
2157:Turanid
2152:Semites
2127:Hamites
2112:Dinaric
2107:Caspian
1942:19 June
1913:5299519
1720:May 11,
1617:19 June
1560:Morocco
1556:Tunisia
1019:19 June
983:5299519
785:in 1897
682:Morocco
629:Semites
625:Hamites
621:Somalis
597:Libyans
344:Turkish
296:Hamites
276:Negroid
180:(1899).
112:Bavaria
100:Ireland
2867:(1950)
2859:(1943)
2843:(1936)
2835:(1930)
2827:(1920)
2819:(1916)
2811:(1916)
2803:(1911)
2795:(1907)
2787:(1899)
2771:(1855)
2763:(1849)
2755:(1785)
2747:(1744)
2258:Racism
2147:Nordic
2137:Iranid
2087:Arabid
2082:Alpine
2072:Capoid
2029:Bronze
1920:
1910:
1564:Turkey
1343:
1333:
1232:(1870)
1103:
1075:
1042:
990:
980:
775:France
603:, the
599:, the
545:Africa
541:Sahara
423:Broad
420:Round
415:Alpine
336:Basque
328:Alpine
214:Greeks
202:Celtic
186:Nordic
118:, and
106:, and
78:, the
44:humans
34:(also
2164:Malay
2132:Indid
2097:Aryan
2049:White
2039:Olive
2034:Brown
2024:Black
1835:(PDF)
1754:, 3,
1552:Spain
1548:Italy
1341:JSTOR
1294:8 May
1288:(PDF)
1253:8 May
553:brown
455:Dark
449:Long
446:Long
403:Tall
400:Blue
394:Long
391:Long
378:Nose
362:Face
300:Moors
237:Devon
235:from
142:cream
116:Wales
1944:2020
1918:PMID
1796:link
1722:2012
1673:link
1619:2020
1568:Iraq
1566:and
1365:and
1357:See
1331:ISBN
1296:2016
1255:2016
1101:ISBN
1073:ISBN
1040:ISBN
1021:2020
988:PMID
826:hair
824:and
692:and
676:and
619:and
591:and
505:and
371:Eyes
366:Hair
358:Head
342:and
274:and
192:and
58:and
30:The
2044:Red
1908:PMC
1900:doi
1896:162
1878:doi
1857:doi
1069:273
978:PMC
970:doi
966:162
936:doi
781:by
684:to
649:in
483:'s
308:'s
243:'s
231:An
176:'s
146:tan
144:to
82:or
42:of
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1935:.
1916:.
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1788:{{
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964:.
960:.
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575:,
571:,
567:,
563:,
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270:,
266:,
122:.
114:,
70:,
66:,
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1977:v
1946:.
1924:.
1902::
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1724:.
1675:)
1644:.
1621:.
1347:.
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1081:.
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1023:.
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972::
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20:)
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