36:
1092:, but the remnant of the kingdom never again controlled territory to the east of the Jordan. The principality was of course claimed by crusader nobles for a long time, the title passing to the line of Isabelle de Toron, daughter of Stephanie, and for several generations belonged to Montfort family, who were lords of Tyre. After the 1350s, when the Montfort line became extinct without close heirs, the hereditary rights presumably passed to the kings of Cyprus who also were descendants of lords of Toron and Tyre.
701:
1368:
109:
413:
986:
612:. John, writing in the 13th century, called it a lordship, but it may have been treated as a principality in the 12th century. It was established after the expedition of Baldwin I, but due to the relative size and inaccessibility of the area, the lords of Oultrejordain tended to claim some independence from the kingdom. With its mostly undefined borders, it was one of the largest seigneuries. Baldwin I may have given it away to
657:
1076:, became lord of Oultrejordain by his new marriage to Stephanie in 1177. He began to claim that the king had no authority in Oultrejordain and acted as a petty king himself. He used his position to attack pilgrims and caravans, and threatened to attack
620:
was created lord (1126–1147). There was also a tradition that the ruler of
Oultrejordain could not hold any other positions in the kingdom at the same time, so they were somewhat cut off from political life. Around 1134 a revolt occurred against
1041:, lord of Nablus, who was compelled to resign Nablus in order to be recognized as ruler of Oultrejordain. After Isabella died, Philip (who ruled Oultrejordain 1161 – 1168) became a warrior-monk and finally Grand Master of the
600:
in 1115 to fill up the former Jewish quarter (the Jews had been either killed or expelled). The other
Christians who lived in Oultrejordain were nomadic or semi-nomadic and were often distrusted by the Crusaders.
1031:, despite the truce between Jerusalem and Damascus that was vital to the survival of the kingdom and especially the lordship. The crusade ended in defeat and the security of the lordship diminished as a result.
558:, whose representatives (originally very few, if any at all) withdrew when the Crusaders arrived. The various tribes there quickly made peace with the Crusaders. The first expedition to the area was under
1095:
While under
Crusader control, the Bedouin nomads were generally left to themselves, although the king collected taxes on caravans passing through. The land was relatively good for agriculture, and
1601:
388:
1596:
1161:
1088:
on July 4 of that year. By 1189 Saladin had taken all of
Oultrejordain and destroyed its castles. In 1229 Jerusalem was briefly recovered by treaty by
108:
1581:
637:(Crac des Moabites), replacing Montreal as the Crusader stronghold in the area. Other castles in Oultrejordain included Safed and Subeibe.
1426:
1014:
908:
1586:
1284:
1167:
1054:
894:
633:, and Roman of Le Puy (who was possibly lord of Oultrejordain). They were defeated and exiled. In 1142, Fulk built the castle of
1196:(1187–1197), son of Stephanie from her first marriage to Humphrey III of Toron, titular Prince of Oultrejordain, Lord of Toron
17:
1591:
1323:
609:
122:
1456:
1548:
79:
57:
653:, were not located in Oultrejordain, though they were sometimes ruled by the same people, usually through marriage.
50:
1089:
715:
1611:
1007:
1497:
974:
969:
1616:
1431:
1277:
1518:
1606:
579:
1479:
1352:
949:
933:
751:
630:
1249:
1202:(possibly 1197 – 1199), niece of Humphrey IV of Toron, titular Princess of Oultrejordain, Lady of Toron
1000:
680:
563:
469:
136:
570:
routes, which provided enormous revenue to the kingdom. The crusaders also controlled the area around
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44:
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1185:
1062:
311:
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1401:
1389:
1123:
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61:
1027:
In 1148, the lord of
Oultrejordain was involved in the decision to attack Damascus during the
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1503:
1246:
A History of the
Crusades, Vol. II: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100–1187
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8:
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253:
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1553:
1449:
1436:
1411:
1340:
439:
282:
542:, and by custom the two opponents rarely met there, for battle or for other purposes.
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1347:
838:
833:
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179:
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1335:
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229:
183:
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1439:
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863:
823:
787:
585:
There were very few
Christians in Oultrejordain, most of the inhabitants being
168:
1367:
1575:
1471:
1170:, daughter and heiress, whose husbands exercised the powers of the lordship:
990:
818:
642:
551:
505:
113:
The
Lordship of Oultrejordain at its greatest extent. Boundaries approximate.
1037:
left the lordship to his daughter
Isabella (c. 1125 – 1166) and her husband
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1384:
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1100:
1053:, had become ruler of Oultrejordain in right of his wife, their daughter
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616:
in 1118, but it probably remained under royal control until 1126 when
792:
761:
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205:
1558:
1310:
1257:
Monarchy and
Lordships in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099–1291
797:
736:
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520:
473:
1262:
1081:
589:
351:
195:
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in 1100. Baldwin also invaded again in 1107 and 1112, and built
476:
for an extensive and partly undefined region to the east of the
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191:
152:
1226:
Feudal Monarchy in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1100–1291
1122:, and covered territory that would later become part of the
1535:
1236:
The Feudal Nobility and the Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1174–1277
1108:
756:
746:
538:. These areas were also under the control of the sultan of
485:
481:
27:
Vassal state of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem (1118-87)
608:, the Lordship of Oultrejordain was one of the four major
1215:
was a vassal fief under the princes of Oultrejordain.
519:) there were no real borders — to the north was the
1602:
1180s disestablishments in the Kingdom of Jerusalem
1080:, which resulted in an invasion of the kingdom by
468:for "beyond the Jordan", also called Lordship of
1597:1110s establishments in the Kingdom of Jerusalem
1573:
1065:, also became lords of Oultrejordain in turn.
500:Oultrejordain extended southwards through the
1278:
1008:
1427:County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos
495:
1285:
1271:
1015:
1001:
107:
1211:In the time of Philip of Nablus, Arabian
1133:
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
1228:. The Medieval Academy of America, 1932.
1188:(1176–1187), third husband of Stephanie.
1182:(1173–1174), second husband of Stephanie
1084:in 1187. Raynald was executed after the
655:
315:(through marriage to Stephanie of Milly)
300:(through marriage to Stephanie of Milly)
43:This article includes a list of general
1176:(1168–1173), first husband of Stephanie
14:
1574:
1111:was also collected from the Dead Sea.
554:, Oultrejordain was controlled by the
515:). To the north and east (the ancient
1582:Feudalism in the Kingdom of Jerusalem
1266:
596:who lived there were transplanted to
480:, an area known in ancient times as
29:
1292:
610:Vassals of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
24:
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
1628:
1587:Lordships of the Crusader states
1366:
1114:Oultrejordain was also known in
1090:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
984:
699:
411:
386:
34:
1068:Raynald of Châtillon, formerly
472:) was the name used during the
1498:Livonian Brothers of the Sword
1385:Latin Empire of Constantinople
1206:
1057:. Stephanie's later husbands,
1045:. Meanwhile, their son-in-law
566:in 1115 to control the Muslim
13:
1:
1432:Lordship of Argos and Nauplia
1049:, son of the royal constable
488:. It was also referred to as
1238:. The Macmillan Press, 1973.
909:Establishment of the Emirate
580:Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem
7:
1480:State of the Teutonic Order
1353:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
950:Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
578:under the authority of the
10:
1633:
1592:Medieval history of Jordan
1250:Cambridge University Press
1218:
1126:and the modern country of
970:Israel–Jordan peace treaty
594:Syriac Orthodox Christians
545:
459:
451:
1544:
1465:
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1364:
1309:
1300:
1160:(1161–1168) and his wife
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118:
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96:Lordship of Oultrejordain
94:
1417:Duchy of the Archipelago
1259:. Clarendon Press, 1989.
629:(Hugh II of Le Puiset),
496:Geography and demography
1397:Kingdom of Thessalonica
1331:Principality of Antioch
1303:List of Crusader states
914:Trans-Jordan memorandum
574:, where they set up an
64:more precise citations.
1612:1187 disestablishments
1519:Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek
1422:Triarchy of Negroponte
1402:Principality of Achaea
1390:Duchy of Philippopolis
1142:(possibly 1118 – 1126)
1134:Lords of Oultrejordain
1124:Emirate of Transjordan
919:Emirate of Transjordan
672:
560:Baldwin I of Jerusalem
1509:Bishopric of Courland
1504:Archbishopric of Riga
1174:Humphrey III of Toron
1164:, daughter of Maurice
1047:Humphrey III of Toron
659:
523:and to the east were
340:• First Crusade
281:(through marriage to
278:Humphrey III of Toron
149:Common languages
18:Lord of Oultrejordain
1617:Transjordan (region)
1319:Kingdom of Jerusalem
1232:Jonathan Riley-Smith
1194:Humphrey IV of Toron
1186:Raynald of Châtillon
1063:Raynald of Châtillon
848:Kingdom of Jerusalem
803:Christian Ghassanids
592:nomads. Many of the
531:routes, part of the
350:• Conquered by
312:Raynald of Châtillon
127:Kingdom of Jerusalem
1607:1118 establishments
1514:Bishopric of Dorpat
1445:Knights Hospitaller
1152:Maurice of Montreal
1035:Maurice of Montreal
872:Emirate and mandate
671:, in November 2009.
254:Maurice of Montreal
249:• 1148–c.1160
1554:Crusading movement
1450:Hospitaller Rhodes
1412:Duchy of Neopatras
1224:John L. La Monte,
1168:Stephanie de Milly
1107:were grown there.
1055:Stephanie de Milly
673:
510:Ile de Graye, now
283:Stephanie of Milly
1569:
1568:
1536:Free City of Riga
1358:Kingdom of Cyprus
1348:County of Tripoli
1072:through his wife
1070:Prince of Antioch
1025:
1024:
991:Jordan portal
942:Post-independence
839:Fatimid Caliphate
834:Abbasid Caliphate
829:Umayyad Caliphate
556:Fatimids of Egypt
445:
444:
423:
422:
419:
418:
399:
398:
394:Fatimid Caliphate
316:
307:• 1177–1187
301:
292:• 1173–1174
286:
273:• 1168–1173
261:• 1161–1168
237:• 1126–1147
225:• 1118–1126
180:Roman Catholicism
90:
89:
82:
16:(Redirected from
1624:
1529:Order of Dobrzyń
1457:Genoese colonies
1370:
1336:County of Edessa
1287:
1280:
1273:
1264:
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1200:Alice of Armenia
1146:Pagan the Butler
1086:Battle of Hattin
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988:
987:
975:2011–12 protests
859:Mamluk Sultanate
770:Classical period
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627:Hugh II of Jaffa
618:Pagan the Butler
512:Pharaoh's Island
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188:Syriac Orthodoxy
139:(1115 to 1140s)
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60:this article by
51:inline citations
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1255:Steven Tibble,
1242:Steven Runciman
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1180:Miles of Plancy
1158:Philip of Milly
1140:Roman of Le Puy
1136:
1059:Miles of Plancy
1043:Knights Templar
1039:Philip of Milly
1021:
985:
983:
965:Black September
929:Adwan Rebellion
854:Ayyubid dynasty
729:Ancient history
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614:Roman of Le Puy
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407:Ayyubid dynasty
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819:Bilad al-Sham
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376:Succeeded by
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1207:Sub-vassals
1154:(1147–1161)
1148:(1126–1147)
1120:Transjordan
1051:Humphrey II
904:Interregnum
890:Sykes–Picot
885:Arab Revolt
811:Islamic era
721:Ghassulians
716:'Ain Ghazal
690:History of
550:Before the
490:Transjordan
371:Preceded by
62:introducing
1576:Categories
880:Hashemites
783:Hasmoneans
778:Nabataeans
708:Prehistory
529:pilgrimage
466:Old French
202:Government
157:Old French
45:references
1074:Constance
793:Tanukhids
762:Qedarites
623:King Fulk
598:Jerusalem
440:Palestine
176:Religion
102:1118–1187
1559:Crusades
1437:Venetian
1162:Isabella
960:1967 War
955:1948 War
798:Salihids
737:Amorites
681:a series
679:Part of
665:Al-Karak
564:Montreal
540:Damascus
521:Dead Sea
474:Crusades
470:Montreal
137:Montreal
1472:Livonia
1467:Prussia
1324:vassals
1252:, 1952.
1219:Sources
1082:Saladin
641:, near
590:Bedouin
568:caravan
546:History
525:caravan
504:to the
352:Saladin
196:Judaism
161:Italian
133:Capital
58:improve
1377:Greece
1341:Marash
1311:Levant
1128:Jordan
1105:olives
752:Israel
692:Jordan
683:on the
669:Jordan
647:Nablus
645:, and
625:under
533:Muslim
517:Gilead
436:Jordan
432:Israel
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165:Arabic
163:(also
123:Vassal
119:Status
47:, but
1213:Petra
1116:Latin
1097:wheat
1078:Mecca
742:Ammon
651:Judea
649:, in
639:Toron
635:Kerak
572:Petra
536:Hejaz
502:Negev
192:Islam
169:Greek
153:Latin
142:Kerak
1470:and
1109:Salt
1103:and
1061:and
897:and
895:OETA
757:Moab
747:Edom
643:Tyre
587:Shia
527:and
486:Moab
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