3947:). The executive implements national legislation on matters such as social assistance, unemployment benefits and environmental management. It also bears primary responsibility for the financial affairs of the municipality and for its personnel policies. Aldermen are appointed by the council. Councillors can be chosen to act as aldermen. In that case, they lose their seats on the council and their places are taken by other representatives of the same political parties. Non-councillors can also be appointed. Unlike councillors and aldermen, mayors are not elected (not even indirectly), but are appointed by the Crown. Mayors chair both the municipal council and the executive. They have a number of statutory powers and responsibilities of their own. They are responsible for maintaining public order and safety within the municipality and frequently manage the municipality's public relations. As Crown appointees, mayors also have some responsibility for overseeing the work of the municipality, its policies and relations with other government bodies. Although they are obliged to carry out the decisions of the municipal council and executive, they may recommend that the Minister of the Interior quash any decision that they believe to be contrary to the law or against the public interest. Mayors are invariably appointed for a period of six years. They can be dismissed only by the Crown and not by the municipal council.
3036:) including three "statutory cities" (without Prague, which had special status). The districts lost most of their importance in 1999 in an administrative reform; they remain as territorial divisions and seats of various branches of state administration. A further reform in effect since January 2003 created 204 Municipalities with Extended Competence (obce s rozšířenou působností); also obce III. stupně – third-level municipalities, unofficially also called "little districts" (Czech: 'malé okresy') which took over most of the administration of the former district authorities. Some of these are further divided between Municipalities with Commissioned Local Authority (obce s pověřeným obecním úřadem, shortened to pověřená obec, pl. pověřené obce; "second-level municipalities"). In 2007 the borders of the districts were slightly adjusted, and 119 municipalities are now within different districts.
5038:
impeachment proceedings against departmental officials, including the governor. At the municipal level, a mayor (intendente municipal) assumed executive and administrative duties, carrying out resolutions made by the local board (whose members were appointed on the basis of proportional representation of the political parties). The governor was required to comply with and enforce the constitution and the laws and to promulgate the decrees enacted by the departmental board. The governor was authorized to prepare the budget, submit it for approval to the departmental board, appoint the board's employees, and, if necessary, discipline or suspend them. The governor represented the department in its relations with the national government and other departmental governments and in the negotiation of contracts with public or private agencies.
3992:). The chairperson also presides the general administrative body. This body consists of people representing the various categories of stakeholders: landholders, leaseholders, owners of buildings, companies and, since recently, all the residents as well. Importance and financial contribution decide how many representatives each category may delegate. Certain stakeholders (e.g. environmental organisations) may be given the power to appoint members. The general administrative body elects the executive board from among its members. The government appoints the chairperson for a period of six years. The general administrative body is elected for a period of four years. In the past the administrative body was elected as individuals but from 2009 they will be elected as party representatives.
5046:
amount of taxes, request the intervention of the
Accounts Tribunal for advice concerning departmental finances or administration, and remove from office—at the request of the governor—members of nonelective local departmental boards. The board also supervised local public services; public health; and primary, secondary, preparatory, industrial, and artistic education. Although Montevideo was the smallest department in terms of area (divided into twenty-three geographic zones that generally coincided with the electoral zones), its departmental board had sixty-five members in 1990; all other departments had thirty-one-member boards and a five-member executive council appointed by the departmental board, with proportional representation from the principal political parties.
3104:
3172:
1589:
political authority—such as Sufi networks, royal lineage, clan strength, age-based wisdom, and the like—still exist and play a role in Afghan society. Karzai is relying on these traditional sources of authority in his challenge to the warlords and older
Islamist leaders. The deep ethnic, linguistic, sectarian, tribal, racial, and regional cleavages present in the country create what is called "Qawm" identity, emphasizing the local over higher-order formations. Qawm refers to the group to which the individual considers himself to belong, whether a subtribe, village, valley, or neighborhood. Local governing authority relies upon these forms of identity and loyalty.
4900:
intervened over 200 times, mostly by presidential decree. Under this authority, provincial and municipal offices may be declared vacant, appointments annulled, and local elections supervised. Between 1966 and 1973, all local legislatures were dissolved, and provincial governors were appointed by the new president. A restoration of provincial and municipal government followed the return to constitutional government in 1973. After the March 1976 coup, the federal government again intervened to remove all provincial governors and impose direct military rule over all municipalities. Since 1983, representative local government has been in force again.
5001:, which are subdivided into districts, which, in turn, comprise municipalities (the minimum requirement for a municipality is 3,000 persons) and rural districts (partidos). A governor, elected by popular vote, runs each department. Municipal government is exercised through a municipal board, chosen by direct election, and an executive department. In the principal cities and capitals, the executive department is headed by a mayor appointed by the minister of the interior; in other localities, the mayor is appointed by the presidents of the municipal boards. Police chiefs are appointed by the central government.
3970:) are among the oldest government authorities in the Netherlands. They literally form the foundation of the whole Dutch system of local government; from time immemorial they have shouldered the responsibility for water management for the residents of their area. In polders this mainly involves regulating the water level. It has always been in the common interest to keep water out and polder residents have always had to work together. That is what led to the creation of water boards. The structure of the water boards varies, but they all have a general administrative body and an executive board (
4734:, achieved statehood on 8 October 1974, raising the total to 31. Each state has a constitution, a governor elected for six years, and a unicameral legislature, with representatives elected by district vote in proportion to population. An ordinary session of the legislature is held annually, and extraordinary sessions may be called by the governor or the permanent committee. Bills may be introduced by legislators, by the governor, by the state supreme court, and by municipalities (a unit comparable to a US county). In addition to the 31 states, there is also one federal district comprising
4654:
2468:
3902:). The King's Commissioner is not elected by the residents of the province, but appointed by the Crown (the King and government ministers). The appointment is for six years and may be extended by a second term. The King's Commissioner can be dismissed only by the Crown. King's Commissioners play an important part in the appointment of municipal mayors. When a vacancy arises, the King's Commissioner first asks the municipal council for its views as to a successor, then writes to the Minister of the Interior recommending a candidate.
1352:
dependent on grants (transfers) from higher levels of government, and they may also act, to some extent, as agents of central or regional governments. They should also be able to appoint their own officers, independently of external administrative control. Even when local governments act as agents of central or state governments to some extent, they can be treated as a separate level of government, provided they are also able to raise and spend some funds on their own initiative and own responsibility."
4634:(LGA) is the national membership body for local authorities in England and Wales. Its core membership is made up of 317 English councils and the 22 Welsh councils through the Welsh Local Government Association. Across the UK, the Association for Public Service Excellence (APSE) also works to assist local authorities in the UK to improve their frontline services. APSE works with more than 250 local authorities "to advise and share information and expertise on a broad range of frontline public services".
3732:
1228:
4305:(conservative), passed a Law (57/2003) to modernize organic rules of those cities which had more than 250,000 inhabitants, and other important cities (like capital cities of provinces with at least 175,000 inhabitants). Also, it exists two other important Laws for specifically Madrid (Law 22/2006) and Barcelona (Law 1/2006). The main governing body in most municipalities is called Ayuntamiento (in the less populated municipalities an alternative local organization system called open council, "
4896:. During the 19th century there was a bitter struggle between Buenos Aires and the interior provinces, and there has long been an element of tension regarding the division of powers between the central government and provincial bodies. The federal government retains control over such matters as the regulation of commerce, customs collections, currency, civil or commercial codes, or the appointment of foreign agents. The provincial governors are elected every four years.
4761:
4681:, municipalities operate on a two-tiered system, where lower-tier local municipalities administer some services, such as fire protection or parks, while upper-tier regional municipalities administer shared services, such as utilities, waste management, or policing. The remaining provinces and territories use a single-tier system of municipal government, where each municipality is legally independent of every other, although they may still voluntarily share services.
873:
8514:
7998:
7987:
36:
5017:. Each region has an elected government composed of a president and council that serve four-year terms. These governments plan regional development, execute public investment projects, promote economic activities, and manage public property. The province of Lima is administered by a city council. The goal of devolving power to regional and municipal governments was among others to improve popular participation.
8526:
1356:
responsibilities and some autonomy with respect to budget, staff and assets." The Local Public Sector
Alliance defines local government institutions as "a corporate body (or institutional unit) that performs one or more public sector functions within a jurisdiction that has adequate political, administrative, and fiscal autonomy and authority to respond to the needs and priorities of its constituents".
3559:. With a few exceptions, local government is two-tier. At the lowest level are the municipal, metropolitan or borough councils, which are elected during local elections. These councillors from the relevant county then together form the council, termed either County or City and County Councils. For example, the 4 municipal districts in Westmeath County each elect their own councils, who together form
1855:. The administrative level of mukim lies below the district. At present, there are 38 mukims, with 17 in Brunei-Muara, 8 in Tutong, 8 in Belait and 5 in Temburong District. A mukim is headed by a penghulu. A village (Malay: kampung or kampong) is the lowest administrative level in Brunei and headed by a ketua kampong or village head. Its population varies from a few hundreds to tens of thousands.
3070:), with their most important area of responsibility being the public health service. They are also responsible for employment policies, while some regions are responsible for public mass transit. Regions are not financial independent as they rely entirely on central state funding (around 70%) and funding coming from the municipalities (around 30%). Regions are led by directly elected councils (
3921:) is the highest authority in the municipality. Its members are elected every four years. The role of the municipal council is comparable to that of the board of an organisation or institution. Its main job is to decide the municipality's broad policies and to oversee their implementation. The day-to-day administration of the municipality is in the hands of the municipal executive (
2192:—after federal and state. It has the power to collect taxes (in the form of assessment tax), to create laws and rules (in the form of by-laws) and grants licenses and permits for any trade in its area of jurisdiction, in addition to providing basic amenities, collecting and managing waste and garbage as well as planning and developing the area under its jurisdiction.
1495:, seven regions subdivided into 46 cercles, and 682 rural community districts (communes). The state retains an advisory role in administrative and fiscal matters, and it provides technical support, coordination, and legal recourse to these levels. Opportunities for direct political participation, and increased local responsibility for development have been improved.
1797:. There are no directly elected officials at the divisional or district levels, although elected chairs of subdistricts also sit on district councils. Direct elections are held for each union (or ward), electing a chairperson and a number of members. In 1997, a parliamentary act was passed to reserve three seats (out of 12) in every union for female candidates.
4669:. The most prominent form of local government is the municipality, which is a locally elected authority with responsibility over a variety of services, such as roads, parks, fire protection, policing, planning, libraries, transit, and waste management. The exact responsibilities, powers, and governance of municipalities varies from province to province. In
5034:
and institutions within their territories. These territories had limited taxing powers, but they could borrow funds and acquire property. They also had the power to establish unpaid five-member local boards or town councils in municipalities other than the departmental capital if the population was large enough to warrant such a body.
4317:). Those councillors are elected between city's inhabitants every four years by direct vote. After being elected, councillors meet in a special Plenary session to determine who will be elected, between them, as city's Mayor. In the next days after the election, the mayor chooses some councillors to set up the executive governing body (
1585:
had to choose a predetermined number of electors, based on the size of its population. The electors then traveled to regional centers and cast ballots, to choose from amongst themselves a smaller number of loya jirga delegates— according to allotted numbers assigned to each district. The delegates then took part in the Loya Jirga.
2285:
City
Districts. A City District may contain subdivisions called Towns and Union Councils. Council elections are held every four years. District Governments also include a District Coordination Officer (DCO), who is a civil servant in-charge of all devolved departments. Currently, the Powers of Nazim are also held by the DCO.
1348:, which divides the general government sector into three sub-sectors (central, state, and local government) and defines local governments as "institutional units whose fiscal, legislative, and executive authority extends over the smallest geographical areas distinguished for administrative and political purposes."
5033:
Uruguay's administrative subdivisions consisted of nineteen territories called departments and governed by intendencias, which were subordinate to the central government and responsible for local administration. They enforced national laws and administered the nation's social and educational policies
1584:
The process of setting up the transitional government in June 2002 by the Loya Jirga took many steps involving local government. First, at the district and municipal level, traditional shura councils met to pick electors—persons who cast ballots for Loya Jirga delegates. Each district or municipality
1576:
groups that were largely independent of any higher authority; local commanders, in some instances, asserted a measure of independence also from the mujaheddin leadership in
Pakistan, establishing their own systems of local government, collecting revenues, running educational and other facilities, and
1571:
Afghanistan was traditionally divided into provinces governed by centrally appointed governors with considerable autonomy in local affairs. There are currently 34 provinces. During the Soviet occupation and the development of country-wide resistance, local areas came increasingly under the control of
2432:
The city council is the highest level of local government. The municipal councils began in 2005 and is the second level of local government. The municipality is the third level of local government. There are 178 municipalities across the kingdom. The first began in Jeddah during the
Othmanic period.
2284:
There are over five thousand local governments in
Pakistan. Since 2001, these have been led by democratically elected local councils, each headed by a Nazim (the word means "supervisor" in Urdu, but is sometimes translated as Mayor). Some districts, incorporating large metropolitan areas, are called
3812:
Municipalities are the most important administrative unit of local government. Each municipality has its own government and council, with elections taking place every four years. The mayor, who is a member of the council, is elected directly by the residents in a majority vote. The council appoints
3524:
The municipalities are governed by municipal councils which are directly elected every four years. The sizes of these councils vary from five members in the smallest municipalities to fifteen in the largest one. Most municipalities except for the very small ones hire an executive manager who may or
1498:
In August–September 1998, elections were held for urban council members, who subsequently elected their mayors. In May/June 1999, citizens of the communes elected their communal council members for the first time. Female voter turnout was about 70% of the total, and observers considered the process
4003:
Each county has a governor appointed by the central government, responsible for ensuring legality in their administration. The municipal sector is a provider of vital services to the
Norwegian public, accounting for about 20% of Norwegian GNP and 24% of total employment. They have the right to tax
5041:
Like the governor, the members of the departmental board and the mayor were elected for five-year terms in direct, popular elections. A governor could be reelected only once, and candidates for the post had to meet the same requirements as those for a senator, in addition to being a native of the
4741:
The principal unit of state government is the municipality. Mexico's 2,378 municipalities are governed by municipal presidents and municipal councils. State governors generally select the nominees for the municipal elections. Municipal budgets are approved by the respective state governors. Until
4364:
Every fourth year general elections are held in Sweden to elect members of the national parliament, 20 county council assemblies and 290 municipal assemblies. As the parliament elects the national government, the local assemblies elect their executive committees and their boards. Members in local
1800:
Dhaka is the capital and largest city of
Bangladesh. The cities with a city corporation, having mayoral elections, include Dhaka South, Dhaka North, Chittagong, Khulna, Sylhet, Rajshahi, Barisal, Rangpur, Comilla and Gazipur. Other major cities, these and other municipalities electing a mayor and
1351:
The IMF further notes that local governments "typically provide a wide range of services to local residents," while "the scope of their authority is generally much less than that of central government or state governments, and they may or may not be entitled to levy taxes." They are often heavily
3626:
in 1861 to the birth of the
Republic in 1948). Consequently, they used to serve many functions, but these were reduced as Regions absorbed more and more competences. Nowadays they number 107 and mostly care to roads, school buildings, and local zoning and planning. Finally, from 2015 onwards, 14
5045:
The board sat in the capital city of each department and exercised jurisdiction throughout the entire territory of the department. It could issue decrees and resolutions that it deemed necessary either on the suggestion of the governor or on its own initiative. It could approve budgets, fix the
4899:
The constitutional "national intervention" and "state of siege" powers of the president have been invoked frequently. The first of these powers was designed to "guarantee the republican form of government in the provinces." Since the adoption of the 1853 constitution, the federal government has
4878:
Regional council areas are based on water catchment areas, whereas territorial authorities are based on community of interest and road access. Within a regional council area there are usually many city or district councils, although city and district councils can be in multiple regional council
1588:
The warlords who rule various regions of the country exert local control. The transitional government is attempting to integrate local governing authorities with the central government, but it lacks the loyalty from the warlords necessary to its governing authority. More traditional elements of
1580:
The Taliban set up a shura (assembly), made up of senior Taliban members and important tribal from the area. Each shura made laws and collected taxes locally. The Taliban set up a provisional government for the whole of Afghanistan, but it did not exercise central control over the local shuras.
3611:
in 1948. Numbering 20, they acquired a significant degree of autonomy after a constitutional reform was passed in 2001. Furthermore, 5 of them (namely Valle d'Aosta, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Trentino-Alto Adige, Sardinia and Sicily) have a special status and are given even more power than the 15
1355:
Other definitions for local governments are less prescriptive and emphasize the political or representative nature of local governments. For instance, OECD defines local governments as "decentralized entities whose governance bodies are elected through universal suffrage and which has general
1502:
Eventually, the cercles will be reinstituted (formerly grouping arrondissements) with a legal and financial basis of their own. Their councils will be chosen by and from members of the communal councils. The regions, at the highest decentralized level, will have a similar legal and financial
5037:
Executive authority was vested in a governor (intendente), who administered the department, and in a thirty-one-member departmental board (junta departmental), which carried out legislative functions. These functions included approval of the departmental budget and judicial actions, such as
4170:
The modern administrative-territorial structures of the federal subjects vary significantly from one federal subject to another. While the implementation details may be considerably different, in general, however, the following types of high-level administrative divisions are recognized:
5042:
department or a resident therein for at least three years before assuming office. Departmental board members had to be at least twenty-three years of age, native born (or a legal citizen for at least three years), and a native of the department (or a resident for at least three years).
2080:: 54 bi-level municipalities which govern multiple rural communities located in relative geographic vicinity. The number of residents in the individual communities usually does not exceed 2000. There are no clear limits to the population and land area size of Israeli regional councils.
2915:). A new administrative structure was adopted in parallel with the decentralisation of the economic system. It includes 27 provinces and a metropolitan capital province (Sofia-Grad). All areas take their names from their respective capital cities. The provinces subdivide into 264
4313:, the collective formed by the city councillors) and the Mayor. The number of members that compose The Plenary varies depending on city's population (for example, since 2007 Valencia has 33 members and Pamplona has 27). The name given to the members of the Plenary is councillor (
2539:
The territory of Turkey is subdivided into 81 provinces for administrative purposes. The provinces are organized into 7 regions for census purposes; however, they do not represent an administrative structure. Each province is divided into districts, for a total of 957 districts.
1261:
Local governments typically constitute a subdivision of a higher-level political and/or administrative unit, such as a nation or state. Local governments generally act within the powers and functions assigned to them by law and/or directives of a higher level of government. In
4903:
Until 1996, the President appointed the mayor of Buenos Aires, and by law, the president and Congress controlled any legislation that affected the city. Constitutional reforms that year led to an elected mayoral position, and a 60-member Poder Legislativo (legislative power).
3566:
The exceptions to the above is the county of Dublin and the cities of Cork and Galway, the later two's councils are directly elected with no lower council. Dublin county is made up of four local area authorities, each elected directly. There are thirty-one local authorities.
1499:
open and transparent. With mayors, councils, and boards in place at the local level, newly elected officials, civil society organizations, decentralized technical services, private sector interests, other communes, and donor groups began partnering to further development.
4684:
In addition to municipal government, some provinces maintain special purpose boards to govern police services, school districts, conservation authorities, or to provide certain municipal services to unincorporated areas that would not otherwise receive them.
4961:
as entities of the federation; their responsibilities are distinct from the other two levels in theory, but overlap in practice (e.g. education, health, transportation). With their broad powers, municipalities may create their own constitutions, termed
4460:
in 2010. Only the London region which is a sub-region compared to the other regions of England has a directly elected government. Only one regional referendum has been held to date to seek consent for the introduction of direct elections elsewhere — by
4237:
Slovenia signed (1994) and ratified (1996) European Charter of Local Self-Government without any reservations. The Charter is in force since March 1 1997. The Congress of Local and Regional Authorities (Council of Europe) performed three
1577:
even engaging in local negotiations. Mujaheddin groups retained links with the Peshawar parties to ensure access to weapons that were doled out to the parties by the government of Pakistan for distribution to fighters inside Afghanistan.
1273:
The institutions of local government vary greatly between countries, and even where similar arrangements exist, country-specific terminology often varies. Common designated names for different types of local government entities include
4004:
and to use their resources to support education, libraries, social security, and public works such as streetcar lines, gas and electricity works, roads, and town planning, but they are usually aided in these activities by state funds.
2244:). And there are total 6,743 wards are formed under these 753 local levels. These local government are ruled by local leaders and the Mayor is the supreme of each local government which is elected every 5 (Five) year by local public.
4422:
The system of local government is different in each of the four home nations of the UK. In total there are 426 local authorities in the UK. 346 of these are in England, 11 in Northern Ireland, 32 in Scotland and 22 are in Wales.
3399:. The regions have their own elected governors and regional councils, however there are seven decentralized administrations, which group from one to three regions under a government-appointed general secretary. There is also one
4402:
The activities are financed by income taxes. Swedes pay around 20% of their taxable income to the municipality and around 11% to the county council. (The national government is financed by VAT and payroll taxes and fees.)
4443:
The most complex system is in England, the result of numerous reforms and reorganisation over the centuries. The top-level of sub-national administration within England until the end of March 2012 consisted of the nine
4726:. Twenty-nine states of Mexico were created as administrative divisions by the constitution of 1917, which grants them those powers not expressly vested in the federal government; Mexico's two remaining territories,
1532:
elected local government heads. There is a ministry (or bureau) of local government and chieftaincy affairs in each state charged with the responsibility of administration at that level. Nigeria has a total of 774
4329:
will govern over the city according to their competences (urbanism, some taxes, local police, licenses for specific activities, cleaning services, etc.). Meanwhile, councillors in the Plenary but not part of the
2308:
and populations over 15,000 have 15-member councils. Localities with populations over 15,000 residents have 13-member councils and localities with populations between 4,000 and 15,000 have 9-member councils.
3820:
Elderships, numbering over 500, are the smallest units of local government. They provide public services such as registering births and deaths and identifying individuals or families in need of welfare.
4007:
Oslo is the only urban center that alone constitutes a county; the remaining 14 counties consist of both urban and rural areas. County and municipal councils are popularly elected every four years.
4587:
Since 1 April 2015 Northern Ireland is divided into 11 districts. Local government in Northern Ireland does not carry out the same range of functions as those in the rest of the United Kingdom.
4365:
committees and boards are elected proportionally by the political parties in the assemblies, giving all the major parties representation. The parties usually cooperate well on the local levels.
4000:
Norway had 357 municipalities of varying size in 2024, each administered by an elected municipal council. They are grouped into 15 counties (fylker), each governed by an elected county council.
1801:
councilors for each ward, include Mymensingh, Gopalganj, Jessore, Bogra, Dinajpur, Saidapur, Narayanganj, Naogaon and Rangamati. Both the municipal heads are elected for a span of five years.
7455:
3972:
1503:
autonomy, and will comprise a number of cercles within their geographical boundaries. Mali needs to build capacity at these levels, especially to mobilize and manage financial resources.
4875:, which also have the powers of a regional council. They are Auckland Council, Nelson City Council, the Gisborne, Marlborough and Tasman district councils, and Chatham Islands Council.
2083:
4696:
in the country. Many band governments administer more than one reserve, and may participate in tribal councils, a form of voluntary regional organization for several band governments.
2840:(neighborhoods). Those mostly coincide with villages, which are found in all parishes. Each parish has its own elected mayor who is the nominal head of the local government known as a
3892:, the smallest of the Dutch provinces, it has four members, while most other provinces have six or seven. Meetings of the provincial executive are chaired by the King's Commissioner (
5859:
3570:
The main sources of funding for local government in Ireland are local property and motor tax revenues, payments from the Exchequer, charges for goods and services, and state grants.
1528:
provides for each local government (which exists in a single tier countrywide), and its development areas and autonomous communities created by individual state legislation to have
4334:(the opposition) will oversee Mayor's rule. The autonomous community of Catalonia is divided in 4 provinces and more than 900 municipalities. Between these two tiers, there are 41
7887:
4151:—are internationally recognized as part of Ukraine. All federal subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation—two delegates each—in the
3588:
is partly based on the ancient parishes. There are four types of local authorities: a borough corporation, town commissioners, village commissioners, and parish commissioners.
4102:(counties or districts), and these powiats are further divided into 2,479 gminas (communes or municipalities). Major cities normally have the status of both gmina and powiat.
3463:). The local authorities of these towns have extended powers, but these towns belong to the territory of the respective county instead of being independent territorial units.
2133:. The national government oversees much of the country. Municipal governments were historical villages. Now mergers are common for cost effective administration. There are 47
2587:
Each level has a People's Committee (executive – up to third tier), a People's Council (legislative – up to third tier) and a People's Court (judiciary – up to second tier).
1875:
4977:, depending on the population. There is no minimum or maximum population requirement for municipalities: while the average population of a municipality in 2005 was 30,099,
4812:
1839:
the third level. All the administrative divisions are under direct governance of the government through the Ministry of Home Affairs. There are four districts in Brunei:
5187:
3868:). They form the tier of administration between the central government and the municipalities. Each province is governed by a provincial council, the States-Provincial (
5827:
3915:) form the lowest tier of government in the Netherlands, after the central government and the provinces. There are 415 of them (1 January 2012). The municipal council (
7448:
3341:. The expression "pays d'outre-mer" is convenient as it can be understood in French as both "overseas country" and "overseas county/traditional area" (as evidenced by
5127:
4226:
provides also basis for establishing second level, regions, but they haven't been established yet (Article 143). There are two types of municipalities in Slovenia:
2926:
state, where the national Council of Ministers directly appoints regional governors and all provinces and municipalities are heavily dependent on it for funding.
4935:
1322:. The same term may be used in different countries to refer to local governance institutions with vastly different institutional features, powers, or functions.
5498:
5212:
7374:
4139:
The Russian Federation consistes of eighty-five federal subjects that are constituent members of the Federation. However, two of these federal subjects — the
7441:
4438:
5145:
4623:
Wales has a uniform system of 22 unitary authorities, variously styled as county, county borough, city or city and county local authorities. There are also
3517:
and can voluntarily take on additional functions if they have the budget for it. The autonomy of municipalities over their own matters is guaranteed by the
3125:), and each municipality is a unit of self-government with its representative and executive bodies. Furthermore, the country is also divided into fifteen
6113:
5800:
4301:(socialist), lays down the procedure of the Local Government. Every city in Spain used this Law until 2003. This year, the former Spanish Prime Minister
2433:
Each municipality is run by its city's mayor. Collectively, the kingdom's municipalities make up the Ministry of Municipality and Rural Affairs (MoMRA).
2228:. Which is ruled by third level of government after Federal and Provincial government. In Nepal there are total 753 local levels government (including 6
901:
3878:). Its members are elected every four years. The day-to-day management of the province is in the hands of the provincial executive, the States Deputed (
2305:
1359:
Questions regarding the empowerment of local government institutions, the structure and nature of local political leadership, and the extent of local
6309:
5911:
1793:, with each union consisting of multiple villages. In the metropolitan areas, police stations are divided into wards, which are further divided into
5881:
2400:
2314:: Localities with populations between 800 and 1,500 have 3-member councils while those between 1,500 and −4,000 residents have 7-member councils.
1178:
1689:
7621:
5102:
7892:
7882:
5367:
2086:: Two single-level municipalities which govern large and complex industrial areas outside cities. The local industrial councils are Tefen in
1886:
5444:
4569:, no longer have elected councils or administrative functions, and their former functions are performed by districts. Such counties remain
2137:. They have two main responsibilities. One is mediation between national and municipal governments. The other is area wide administration.
1344:
Although there is no single, commonly accepted definition of the term, the most precise definition of local governments is provided by the
6203:
5074:
3195:, which may also call themselves towns or cities. They account for half of public spending. Spending is financed by municipal income tax,
3546:
1169:
7991:
7902:
4449:
4076:
Since 1976, when the two Autonomous regions of Portugal were established, the Azores and Madeira are no longer divided into districts.
2922:
Municipalities are run by mayors, who are elected to four-year terms, and by directly elected municipal councils. Bulgaria is a highly
8034:
7957:
6422:
6177:
Steps to Local Government Reform: A Guide to Tailoring Local Government Reforms to Fit Regional Governance Communities in Democracies
3907:
2607:
118:
3888:). Members of the executive are chosen by the provincial council. The size of the executive varies from one province to another. In
7518:
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6208:
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3396:
3382:
3288:). Corsica is not referred to as a "région" but simply as a "collectivité territoriale", that merely means "local government area".
332:
5757:
5295:
2359:. The country remains a unitary state and the National Government continues to have strong influence over local government units.
8251:
5804:
2311:
2172:
2161:
894:
5533:
3202:
In addition to municipalities, there are two intermediate levels of local government. Municipalities co-operate in seventy-four
7897:
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7508:
4853:
4346:
is a commonwealth, or union, of municipalities with competences in several fields (Law 6/1987 of the Parliament of Catalonia).
3923:
3850:
2506:
1646:
2380:(Municipal Council) constitute the legislative branches of a city and municipality, respectively. A barangay is headed by the
6302:
6184:
6169:
6154:
5834:
4985:(the largest) had 10.9 million inhabitants. Municipalities within a state may choose to merge or separate with approval in a
4755:
3846:
3608:
2986:
2442:
1087:
2955:, the latter having the authority and legal status of a county and a city at the same time. The counties subdivide into 127
2297:-controlled areas are divided into three main groups: Municipal councils, village council and local development committees.
7932:
7917:
4582:
4182:
2640:
2517:
2301:
1864:
1214:
5120:
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7848:
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2652:
2478:
2403:(BARMM) is the only autonomous region in the Philippines. There was an attempt to institute an autonomous region in the
2324:
2201:
1924:
1890:
1598:
6650:
4742:
1997, the president appointed the mayor of Mexico City. Political reforms allowed the first open elections in 1997, and
7967:
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4743:
4095:
4085:
3660:
3239:
1811:
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4186:
3639:: The Mayor and staff, caring for the needs of a single town or of a village and neighbouring minor towns or villages.
1740:
Bangladesh is divided into eight administrative divisions, each named after their respective divisional headquarters:
7947:
7942:
7922:
7747:
6239:
6139:
5953:
5936:
5502:
5216:
4555:
4472:
The layers of elected local government vary. In different areas the highest tier of elected local government may be:
2832:
Some parishes have a further territorial subdivision. Ordino, La Massana and Sant Julià de Lòria are subdivided into
2596:
2116:
1512:
1138:
968:
79:
5476:
3210:. These are governed by the member municipalities and have only limited powers. However, the autonomous province of
1558:
which fall into district municipalities, and metropolitan municipalities which span both tiers of local government.
61:
8530:
8001:
7937:
7469:
6906:
6295:
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2026:
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5956:"Poder Legislativo del Estado de Quintana Roo. Instalación de la Legislatura Constituyente"], Congressqroo.gob.mx]
7972:
6271:
Free to download studies, papers, data, and other resources on local government, decentralization and federalism.
5152:
4843:
4399:
On a voluntary basis, the municipalities provide sports, culture, housing, energy as well as commercial service.
4268:
4239:
3693:
3023:
2976:
2743:
2630:
2497:
governments for their local governments. They also have councils in each of those three local government levels.
772:
17:
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7664:
7352:
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4570:
4502:
4483:
4053:
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Local governments have limited taxing authority. Most of their funds come from the national government via the
2294:
1940:
1735:
1698:
1062:
579:
534:
46:
4456:. Regional Government Offices, Regional Development Agencies and Regional Ministers were all abolished by the
3563:. Many functions are performed by the Chief Executive, who is appointed by the Minister for Local Government.
8311:
8165:
8027:
7818:
7286:
5334:
4864:
4829:
4208:
4134:
2972:
2905:
has varied from seven to 26. Between 1987 and 1999 the administrative structure consisted of nine provinces (
2696:
2486:
2058:
1974:
Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) are a three-tier system of local self-government in rural areas in India;
1951:
1476:
405:
4738:, whose governor serves as a member of the cabinet. Many state services are supported by federal subsidies.
8568:
7927:
7483:
7408:
7341:
7160:
6886:
4631:
4596:
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4152:
3860:
3814:
3629:
2686:
2676:
2270:
2253:
2183:
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2671:), whose number, size, and importance varied over time. Following their abolishment in the year 2000, the
8394:
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7833:
7714:
7594:
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4930:. Government exists at three levels: federal, state, and municipal. The states are subdivided into 5,570
4457:
4453:
4432:
4412:
4140:
3894:
3802:
3775:
3717:
3481:
are local administrative areas in Iceland that provide a number of services to their inhabitants such as
2266:
and Provincial Government. There are three types of administrative unit of local government in Pakistan:
1992:
1345:
1325:
In addition to general-purpose local governments, some countries have special-purpose local governments (
1186:
599:
114:
4037:). Each district takes the name of their respective capital city. Insular Portugal, comprising the two
3809:) appointed by the central government, and effectively oversee the two lower tiers of local government.
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6220:
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1982:
1787:. The area within each police station, except for those in metropolitan areas, is divided into several
1623:
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420:
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6024:
5966:
5889:
5628:
4290:
Each administrative entity is given powers, structure, and boundaries by a law that was passed by the
3855:
The Netherlands has three tiers of local government: national, provincial, municipal and water board.
1524:
operates three tiers of government: federal (or central), states and local government. The country's
8563:
8558:
8419:
8371:
7961:
7385:
6577:
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4511:(also called metropolitan boroughs) in some areas which are similar to unitary authorities, but have
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3192:
3166:
3118:
3098:
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2626:
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Second tier: provincial cities (thành phố), district-level towns (thị xã) and rural districts (huyện)
2212:
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1956:
1602:
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2074:: 141 single-level urban or rural municipalities, usually with populations between 2,000 and 20,000.
8518:
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8170:
8020:
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7363:
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provides free access to selected e-resources and news on local governance in developing countries.
6262:
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4973:, but take place in different years. Municipalities may have anywhere from 9 to 55 members of the
4771:
Local government in the United States refers to governmental jurisdictions below the level of the
3367:
8115:
7704:
7644:
7569:
6861:
6386:
6246:
is an organisation for cities, local governments and municipal associations throughout the world.
5451:
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4848:
New Zealand has a local government system comprising two complementary sets of local authorities—
4804:
4800:
4291:
4258:
3834:
3787:
3721:
3518:
3145:), who represents the national government at the regional level. This although changed with 2017
2536:
has two levels of local government; provinces (Turkish: iller) and districts (Turkish: ilçeler).
2352:
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2229:
2221:
2150:
1472:
943:
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395:
57:
3085:). Elections for the municipalities are held on the third Tuesday of November every four years.
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5732:
Ley 1/2006, de 13 de marzo, por la que se regula el Régimen Especial del municipio de Barcelona
5719:
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5604:
5067:
4958:
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2368:(Provincial Council) composed of board members. A mayor leads a city or municipality while the
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5565:[Territories of Counties, Cities and Municipalities of the Republic of Croatia Act].
5322:
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has undertaken an ambitious decentralization program, which involves the capital district of
1385:
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The 1987 Philippine Constitution also provides for the existence of autonomous regions. The
2068:: 71 single-level urban municipalities, usually with populations exceeding 20,000 residents.
8246:
7764:
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7609:
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5477:"Историческо развитие на административно – териториалното устройство на Република България"
4787:. There are several different types of jurisdictions at the municipal level, including the
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3623:
3326:
However, in addition to the constitutional clauses of 1958, there now exist specificities:
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system of local government officially called local administration as it is a branch of the
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1266:, local government generally comprises a third or fourth level of government, whereas in
1200:
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6226:
Using a Model Municipal Performance Measurement System to Assess Mid-sized Texas Cities.
5445:"On the Organization and Functioning of the Local Government, Republic of Albania, 2000"
4834:
Local government is the third tier of government in Australia, after federal and state.
4063:
Each district and each Autonomous region is divided into municipalities (in Portuguese,
3745:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
3525:
may not be a member of the municipal council. These managers are usually referred to as
3330:
Intercommunalities are now a level of government between municipalities and departments.
2870:, which has a special status being the capital of Belarus. Minsk is also the capital of
1227:
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Slovenia has only one level of local self-government established: municipalities. The
3345:
that is a home région, not a home "country"). French Polynesia works as an autonomous
8366:
8346:
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7843:
7798:
7774:
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4262:
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Lithuania has a three-tier division of local government: the country is divided into
3486:
3223:
3130:
2747:
2664:
2376:
2122:
2041:
1904:
1757:
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833:
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385:
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Ley 57/2003, de 16 de diciembre, de medidas para la modernización del gobierno local
4448:. The regions were used by central government for various statistical purposes, and
1428:
8426:
8273:
8241:
8218:
8054:
7808:
7769:
7730:
7232:
7087:
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6756:
6690:
6660:
6635:
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6231:
Factors Contributing to Municipal Annexation among Medium Sized Southern US Cities.
5022:
4942:
4705:
4670:
4465:
in the northeast of England — and this was initially rejected by the people of the
4445:
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3619:
3604:
3490:
3342:
3334:
2802:
2385:
2381:
1988:
1765:
1741:
1521:
1077:
1000:
666:
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433:
175:
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5954:
http://www.congresoqroo.gob.mx/dependencias/DIR_biblioteca/historia/palacio.pdf%7C
5361:"Strengthen Local Government Towards Deepening Democracy: Annual report 2012–2013"
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6147:
Model Government Charters: A City, County, Regional, State, and Federal Handbook
4815:. The types and nature of these municipal entities varies from state to state.
4192:
4094:
Poland has three levels of subdivision. The Polish territory is divided into 16
2990:
1475:, who chairs the Board of Governors and meets with them on a regular basis. The
8474:
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8399:
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8233:
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of 1991 provides for the three levels of Local Government Units or LGUs in the
2237:
1998:
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1394:
1368:
1232:
948:
855:
786:
691:
524:
438:
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5326:
5014:
4462:
3338:
3285:
2782:, but the mayors of the municipalities and the local government councils are
2087:
1270:, local government usually occupies the second or third level of government.
1267:
742:
637:
539:
529:
370:
4209:
towns and urban-type settlements of the administrative district significance
1460:), the top tier of local administration. A governorate is administered by a
8469:
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8356:
8351:
8283:
8160:
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6680:
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Australian Government Department of Infrastructure and Regional Development
5591:
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3019:). In Prague, their powers are executed by the city council and the mayor.
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6162:
Forms of Local Government: A Handbook on City, County and Regional Options
5925:
5860:"Territorial organization, General municipal scheme: The supralocal level"
5720:
Ley 22/2006, de 4 de julio, de Capitalidad y de Régimen Especial de Madrid
4982:
4105:
Each voivodeship is jointly governed by the National-government appointed
4033:
Currently, mainland Portugal is divided into 18 districts (in Portuguese,
3353:
local government status with specific institutions and even more autonomy.
8321:
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8130:
8080:
7247:
7180:
6997:
6916:
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6537:
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796:
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257:
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232:
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212:
4546:
Most civil parishes are in rural areas, but if the parish is a town the
1471:
Governors have the civilian rank of minister and report directly to the
872:
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7002:
6931:
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6477:
6447:
6322:
6230:
6225:
6132:
Managing America's Cities: A Handbook for Local Government Productivity
5587:
4986:
4919:
4772:
4148:
3952:
3830:
3510:
3281:
3273:
2814:
2404:
2304:: Depends on size of locality. Localities that serve as the centers of
2241:
2217:
2130:
2103:
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1263:
1247:
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247:
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is the reference document for cultural programmes of local authorities
6055:
Presidência da República Casa Civil: Subchefia para Assuntos Jurídicos
6029:
Presidência da República Casa Civil: Subchefia para Assuntos Jurídicos
5971:
Presidência da República Casa Civil: Subchefia para Assuntos Jurídicos
5238:
4969:
Elections at the municipal level follow a similar, partisan system to
4860:
11 regional councils, which cover much of New Zealand's land area, and
4665:
In Canada's federal system, local government is the responsibility of
4372:) are responsible for health care and usually provide transportation.
3269:
7206:
7126:
7045:
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5563:"Zakon o područjima županija, gradova i općina u Republici Hrvatskoj"
4892:
Argentina is a federation of 23 provinces and the federal capital of
4202:
4069:
3939:
3889:
3180:
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468:
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277:
272:
262:
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6164:, McFarland and Co., Jefferson, NC, US, and London, Eng., UK, 2007 (
6149:, McFarland and Co., Jefferson, NC, US, and London, Eng., UK, 2003 (
6005:. Local Governance in Developing Countries. Rochester, NY: 381–418.
5825:
5696:
Ley 7/1985, de 2 de abril, Reguladora de las Bases del Régimen Local
2188:
Local government is the lowest level in the system of government in
64:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
7170:
6926:
6781:
6715:
6640:
6607:
6507:
6396:
6318:
6134:, McFarland and Co., Jefferson, NC, US, and London, Eng., UK 1998 (
5393:"Profile - Local Government - Know India: National Portal of India"
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The World Bank. Public Sector Governance and Accountability Series
4113:(provincial assembly), which appoints an executive board led by a
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5121:"Subnational Governments around the world: Structure and finance"
4941:
Municipal government consists of an executive branch headed by a
4934:, while the Federal District has no municipalities (divided into
4674:
4325:). After that, and for the next four years, city's mayor and the
4284:
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Rural local self-government challenges and development prospects
4978:
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67 territorial authorities (comprising 53 district councils, 12
4309:", is used). The Ayuntamiento in turn is formed by the Plenary (
2429:: the city council, the municipal council and the municipality.
7217:
7052:
7007:
6346:
6341:
4796:
4678:
4287:. Finally, each province comprises a number of municipalities.
4067:) which, in turn, are subdivided into parishes (in Portuguese,
4045:
3668:
is a unitary state, currently divided into 110 municipalities (
3665:
3643:
Major cities also have an extra tier of local government named
3636:
3514:
3388:
3249:
3187:
The most important administrative layer of local government in
3012:
3000:
2952:
2911:
2901:
Since the 1880s, the number of territorial management units in
2822:
2810:
2533:
2482:
1919:
1492:
1275:
642:
6198:
Department of Local and Regional Democracy and Good Governance
4395:
health protection, water, sewerage, refuse, emergency services
2583:
Third tier: wards (phường), towns (thị trấn) and communes (xã)
6274:
6111:
5882:"Chapter 7 : Special report: local government in Canada"
5146:"Guidance Note: Preparing a LoGICA Intergovernmental Profile"
4938:
instead) and has powers of both a state and a municipality..
4280:
4176:
4099:
3526:
3308:
3032:
2879:
2867:
2702:
Presently, Albania has 3–4 levels of local government :
2425:
There are three levels of local government in the Kingdom of
2393:
2389:
2225:
2126:
2099:
1779:. There are 64 zila in Bangladesh, each further divided into
1670:
1654:
is administratively divided into the following subdivisions:
1390:
1311:
5143:
3533:) in the mostly urban municipalities but "commune manager" (
8201:
6197:
5093:
5065:
4792:
4788:
4775:. Most states have at least two tiers of local government:
2577:
First tier: municipalities (thành phố) and provinces (tỉnh)
1679:
1488:
1479:
coordinates the governors and their governorate's budgets.
1367:
are key questions of public administration and governance.
1291:
1283:
5828:"Local Government in British Columbia: A Community Effort"
2778:
The prefects who oversee each county are appointed by the
1876:
Administrative divisions of the People's Republic of China
1554:
has a two-tiered local government system comprising local
7013:
5018:
4601:
Local government in Scotland is arranged on the lines of
5862:. Gouvernement du Québec: Affaires municipales de Québec
4297:
Law 7/1985, passed by the former Spanish Prime Minister
6051:"CONSTITUIÇÃO DA REPÚBLICA FEDERATIVA DO BRASIL - 1988"
6025:"CONSTITUIÇÃO DA REPÚBLICA FEDERATIVA DO BRASIL - 1988"
5967:"Constituição da república federativa do brasil - 1988"
5734:. Noticias.juridicas.com. Retrieved on 2 December 2012.
5722:. Noticias.juridicas.com. Retrieved on 2 December 2012.
5710:. Noticias.juridicas.com. Retrieved on 2 December 2012.
5698:. Noticias.juridicas.com. Retrieved on 2 December 2012.
3618:: they were the only local bodies in effect during the
4198:
Typical lower-level administrative divisions include:
2061:
recognizes four types of local government in Israel:
5416:
4981:(the least populous) had only 823 inhabitants, while
4439:
Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England
4342:), roughly equivalent to 'district' or 'county'. The
4233:(rural) municipalities (Art. 139 of the Constitution)
3459:
There are also 23 towns with county rights (singular
3003:. Each region has its own elected Regional Assembly (
2224:(Municipal council) are the local level divisions in
2951:
is divided into 20 counties and the capital city of
2258:
Local government is the third tier of government in
5999:"Local Government Organization and Finance: Brazil"
4718:, while the federal district is divided in sixteen
4535:In most areas there is a lower tier of government,
4230:
urban municipalities (Art. 141 of the Constitution)
6100:Ley N° 27867, Ley Orgánica de Gobiernos Regionales
6088:Ley N° 27867, Ley Orgánica de Gobiernos Regionales
6076:Ley N° 27867, Ley Orgánica de Gobiernos Regionales
5501:. Ministry of Regional Development. Archived from
3858:The Netherlands is divided into twelve provinces (
2877:At the second level, the regions are divided into
7524:Cabinet department / Office of the prime minister
5801:Ontario Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing
3214:has a directly elected regional council, and the
3137:), each of which were used to be led by a county
2699:, when they were replaced by the current system.
8550:
5997:Afonso, José; Araújo, Erika (January 11, 2007).
5926:"Consolidated Statement of Revenue and Expenses"
5479:(in Bulgarian). Ministry of Regional Development
5331:Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh
5298:. bdnews24.com. January 25, 2010. Archived from
4966:, and cannot be overruled by state governments.
4856:. There are 78 local authorities consisting of:
4539:, with unlimited functions and powers under the
4098:(provinces); these are further divided into 379
2836:(quarters), while Canillo is subdivided into 10
6112:Monika Huber, Wolfgang Kaiser (February 2013).
5555:
5417:Republic Act No. 7160 (October 10, 1991),
5144:Local Public Sector Alliance (September 2023).
3837:), according to the constitution of the Malta.
2550:United_Arab_Emirates § Political_divisions
2401:Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
2362:A province is led by a governor along with the
2769:
2759:
2734:
2721:
2711:
2690:
2680:
1908:
1628:
1616:
8028:
7449:
7375:Autonomous types of first-tier administration
6303:
6179:. iUniverse, Bloomington, Indiana, US, 2013 (
5605:"Local government facts and figures: Ireland"
4719:
3448:The counties are further subdivided into 174
1887:Administrative divisions of Georgia (country)
1208:
895:
5996:
5025:process and still influence local politics.
4783:. In some states, counties are divided into
4193:closed administrative-territorial formations
2981:The highest tier of local government in the
1443:
1406:
6317:
6263:Rural Decentralization and Local Governance
5908:Canadian Museum of Civilization Corporation
5743:Association for Public Service Excellence,
5314:
5096:"Government Finance Statistics Manual 2014"
4704:Mexico is a Federal Republic made up by 31
3547:Local government in the Republic of Ireland
2655:21 times. Before the implementation of the
2129:has had a local government system based on
8035:
8021:
7570:Assistant minister/Parliamentary secretary
7456:
7442:
6310:
6296:
5826:Union of British Columbia Municipalities.
4746:became Mexico City's first elected mayor.
4452:and assorted other institutions including
4450:Government Offices for the English Regions
3704:), most consisting of only a single town.
3600:defines three levels of local government:
3445:, is independent of any county government
1831:. They are organised hierarchically, with
1468:and serves at the president's discretion.
1246:is a generic term for the lowest tiers of
1215:
1201:
902:
888:
5532:. Library of Congress. 2006. p. 17.
5118:
3607:: they were first acknowledged after the
3022:The regions are divided into seventy-six
2659:, the primary division was into about 36
2608:European Charter of Local Self-Government
2388:. Barangays can be further divided into
119:List of countries by system of government
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
5652:(in Norwegian Nynorsk). November 7, 2023
5320:
4759:
4652:
4224:Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia
3645:Circoscrizione di Decentramento Comunale
3537:) in the rural or mixed municipalities.
3383:Municipalities and communities of Greece
3170:
3102:
3077:The regions are further divided into 98
2466:
2331:Philippines § Regions and Provinces
2288:
1611:. Of these, ten are provinces, known as
1226:
6031:. Title 3, Chapter IV, Art. 29, Sec. IV
5629:Suvestinių redakcijų sąrašas pagal datą
5192:The Arab Republic of Egypt - Presidency
5133:from the original on November 16, 2023.
4871:Six of the territorial authorities are
4383:social services, childcare, preschool,
4163:). But they do differ in the degree of
2543:
2312:Village Council (Palestinian Authority)
2173:Administrative divisions of South Korea
2162:Administrative divisions of North Korea
14:
8551:
5942:from the original on November 2, 2009.
5914:from the original on October 15, 2009.
5410:
5270:The Local Government System in Nigeria
5108:from the original on January 26, 2024.
5080:from the original on January 14, 2024.
4667:provincial and territorial governments
4493:(also known as boroughs in some areas)
3924:college van burgemeester en wethouders
3851:Provincial politics in the Netherlands
3456:), and Budapest is its own subregion.
3199:, state subsidies, and other revenue.
2507:Administrative divisions of Tajikistan
1647:Administrative divisions of Azerbaijan
1455:
1437:
1422:
8016:
7437:
6291:
6278:
6057:. Title 3, Chapter I, Art. 18, Sec. 4
5992:
5990:
5988:
5807:from the original on January 14, 2009
5676:County Governor - Statsforvalteren.no
4756:Local government in the United States
4558:, and the parish council is called a
3847:Municipal politics in the Netherlands
3692:Liechtenstein is divided into eleven
3368:States of Germany § Subdivisions
2443:Administrative divisions of Sri Lanka
8525:
5762:Canadian Legal Information Institute
5539:from the original on October 9, 2022
5094:International Monetary Fund (2014).
5089:
5087:
5066:International Monetary Fund (2009).
4957:Municipalities are enshrined in the
4583:Local government in Northern Ireland
4271:, which in turn are divided into 50
3725:
3555:local government is laid out by the
3311:is both a commune and a département.
3226:for issues on language and culture.
2858:At the top level of administration,
2801:(parròquies, singular – parròquia);
2518:Administrative divisions of Thailand
2302:Municipality (Palestinian Authority)
1865:Administrative divisions of Cambodia
1804:
1718:The rayons are further divided into
29:
27:Lowest in the administration pyramid
8042:
7529:Speaker / President of the assembly
6237:United Cities and Local Governments
5549:Library of Congress Country Studies
5373:from the original on March 31, 2014
5215:. February 28, 2020. Archived from
5213:"The Cabinet - Governors' Meetings"
4576:
3774:) that are further subdivided into
3580:Local government in the Isle of Man
2396:but their leadership is unelected.
2325:Local government in the Philippines
2271:District Government Administrations
2202:Administrative divisions of Myanmar
1891:Municipalities of Georgia (country)
1599:Administrative divisions of Armenia
1444:
1407:
24:
7617:International development minister
6124:
5985:
5794:"The Municipal Councillor's Guide"
5068:"System of National Accounts 2008"
4692:, which deliver local services to
4605:, with the nation divided into 32
4086:Administrative divisions of Poland
3973:college van dijkgraaf en heemraden
3661:Administrative divisions of Latvia
3333:There exist 2 "pays d'outre-mer":
3303:(Réunion, Guadeloupe, Martinique,
3252:has 3 levels of local government:
3240:Administrative divisions of France
2764:), which also oversee about 3,000
2573:has 3 levels of local government:
2407:, but that failed and instead the
1812:administrative divisions of Brunei
1607:Armenia is subdivided into eleven
1401:. The country is divided into 27
25:
8580:
7992:Government ministers by portfolio
7748:Ministry of Education and Culture
6191:
5162:
5084:
4688:The federal government regulates
4565:Metropolitan counties, and a few
4554:. In a few cases the parish is a
4515:with other districts in the same
4417:
3074:) consisting of 41 members each.
2966:
2597:Administrative divisions of Yemen
2117:Administrative divisions of Japan
1513:Local government areas of Nigeria
1346:International Monetary Fund (IMF)
1139:Sustainable Governance Indicators
8524:
8513:
8512:
7997:
7996:
7986:
7985:
5904:"Gateway to Aboriginal Heritage"
5776:"Municipal Government in Canada"
5499:"Областите в България. Портрети"
5021:played an important role in the
4882:
4749:
4637:
3833:divided into 68 municipalities (
3730:
3687:
3557:Local Government Reform Act 2014
2409:Cordillera Administrative Region
2027:Administrative divisions of Iran
1547:Local government in South Africa
1144:Bertelsmann Transformation Index
871:
34:
7320:Social and political philosophy
6105:
6093:
6081:
6069:
6043:
6017:
5959:
5946:
5933:AFN Executive Committee Reports
5918:
5896:
5874:
5852:
5819:
5786:
5768:
5750:
5737:
5725:
5713:
5701:
5689:
5664:
5638:
5622:
5597:
5581:
5517:
5491:
5469:
5437:
5385:
5353:
5341:
5288:
4844:Local government in New Zealand
4389:primary and secondary education
4189:of federal subject significance
3976:) consisting of a chairperson (
3647:or, in some cities (e.g. Rome)
3395:subdivided into a total of 325
3054:For local government purposes,
2977:Districts of the Czech Republic
2641:its Declaration of Independence
2631:Administrative Units of Albania
2420:
2166:
2155:
1540:
7665:Ministry of trade and industry
7156:Political history of the world
6279:
5973:. Title 3, Chapter IV, Art. 30
5833:. 2006 Edition. Archived from
5366:. Bangladesh Mahila Parishad.
5256:
5231:
5205:
5180:
5137:
5112:
5059:
4837:
4690:First Nations band governments
4017:Autonomous regions of Portugal
3840:
3573:
3397:municipalities and communities
3349:, whereas New Caledonia has a
2318:
2295:Palestinian National Authority
2275:Town Municipal Administrations
1941:Local self-government in India
1736:Local government in Bangladesh
1566:
1420:Egyptian Arabic pronunciation:
580:Intergovernmental organisation
535:Separation of church and state
13:
1:
8312:Needle and syringe programmes
8166:Universal access to education
7819:Ministry of religious affairs
5420:Local Government Code of 1991
5335:Asiatic Society of Bangladesh
5243:Ministry of Local Development
5052:
4989:and enacting of a state law.
4949:), and a legislative branch (
4830:Local government in Australia
4744:Cuauhtémoc Cardenas Solórzano
4454:Regional Development Agencies
4135:Municipal divisions of Russia
3895:Commissaris van de Koning(in)
3609:birth of the Italian republic
2973:Regions of the Czech Republic
2726:) or administrative divisions
2554:
2500:
2279:Union Council Administrations
2140:
1729:
1640:
1477:Minister of Local Development
1371:are held in many countries.
7161:History of political thought
5747:, accessed on 26 August 2024
5569:(in Croatian). July 28, 2006
5296:"Rangpur becomes a division"
4997:Paraguay is divided into 17
4887:
4823:
4632:Local Government Association
4597:Local government of Scotland
3786:) which consist of over 500
3707:
3700: – singular
3627:provinces officially became
2479:Republic of China government
2436:
2254:Local government in Pakistan
2184:Local government in Malaysia
2059:Israeli Ministry of Interior
2009:
377:(socio-political ideologies)
7:
8395:Publicly funded health care
7834:Ministry of social security
7715:Ministry of water resources
7595:Ministry of foreign affairs
7464:Common types of government
4992:
4971:state and federal elections
4712:. Each state is divided in
4590:
4524:, which is divided into 32
4433:Local government in England
4413:Local government in Ukraine
4217:
4010:
3718:Municipalities of Lithuania
3676:) and 9 republican cities (
2886:
2511:
2247:
2177:
1858:
1775:Divisions are divided into
1450:
1433:
1413:
1187:Market governance mechanism
1170:Governance, risk management
445:(socio-economic ideologies)
115:List of forms of government
60:the claims made and adding
10:
8585:
7867:Minister without portfolio
7829:Ministry of social affairs
7660:Ministry of infrastructure
6216:Women in Governance, India
5646:"Norske fylke og kommunar"
5635:. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
5588:The death of the districts
5329:; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.).
5028:
4911:
4841:
4827:
4818:
4764:A city council meeting in
4753:
4649:Local government in Canada
4646:
4627:, equivalent to parishes.
4616:
4594:
4580:
4436:
4430:
4426:
4410:
4406:
4353:
4252:
4175:administrative districts (
4131:Federal subjects of Russia
4124:
4083:
4025:Municipalities of Portugal
4014:
3844:
3817:to govern the elderships.
3801:The counties are ruled by
3711:
3684:) with their own council.
3658:
3577:
3544:
3540:
3531:bæjarstjóri / borgarstjóri
3470:
3466:
3414:
3410:
3376:
3361:
3357:
3236:Decentralisation in France
3233:
3156:
3152:
3092:
3088:
3043:
3039:
2999:) and the capital city of
2970:
2933:
2929:
2897:Municipalities of Bulgaria
2890:
2851:
2847:
2789:
2616:
2612:
2605:
2594:
2565:
2561:Subdivisions of Uzbekistan
2558:
2547:
2529:Local government in Turkey
2526:
2515:
2504:
2451:
2440:
2416:Internal Revenue Allotment
2328:
2322:
2251:
2210:
2199:
2195:
2181:
2170:
2159:
2144:
2114:
2053:Local government in Israel
2050:
2035:
2024:
2013:
1946:Urban Local Bodies (ULBs):
1938:
1884:
1880:
1873:
1862:
1835:being the first level and
1733:
1706:), which itself contains:
1644:
1621:) or in the singular form
1596:
1592:
1544:
1510:
1506:
1464:, who is appointed by the
1383:
1179:Environmental, social, and
8508:
8452:
8420:National health insurance
8385:
8372:Supervised injection site
8282:
8232:
8179:
8073:
8050:
7981:
7918:Communications ministries
7875:
7859:
7723:
7678:
7630:
7578:
7542:
7476:
7404:
7397:
7256:
7198:
7146:
7139:
7107:
7100:
7040:
7033:
6968:
6959:
6842:
6835:
6749:
6618:
6405:
6367:National unity government
6329:
6285:
5780:The Canadian Encyclopedia
5526:Country Profile: Bulgaria
5049:Data as of December 1990
4907:
4699:
4642:
4619:Local government in Wales
4567:non-metropolitan counties
4360:County councils of Sweden
4349:
4267:Spain is divided into 17
4255:Local government in Spain
4120:
4079:
3995:
3739:This article needs to be
3654:
3513:people. They also govern
3479:Municipalities of Iceland
3473:Municipalities of Iceland
3372:
3229:
3167:Municipalities of Finland
3099:Municipalities of Estonia
3050:Municipalities of Denmark
2944:Municipalities of Croatia
2940:List of cities in Croatia
2627:Municipalities of Albania
2601:
2522:
2462:
2213:Local governance in Nepal
2046:
2016:Subdivisions of Indonesia
1909:
1629:
1617:
1603:Municipalities of Armenia
1374:
566:(geo-cultural ideologies)
8415:Single-payer health care
8224:Universal basic services
8171:Universal basic services
7913:Climate change ministers
7814:Ministry of home affairs
6797:Environmental regulation
6603:Representative democracy
5758:"Constitution Act, 1867"
5321:Siddiqui, Kamal (2012).
4914:Municipalities of Brazil
4612:
4356:Municipalities of Sweden
4248:
4242:(2001, 2011, and 2018).
3931:, made up of the mayor (
3824:
3790:(Lithuanian: singular –
3778:(Lithuanian: singular –
3766:(Lithuanian: singular –
3591:
3584:Local government on the
3561:Westmeath County Council
3379:Modern regions of Greece
3300:départements d'outre-mer
2590:
2447:
2365:Sangguniang Panlalawigan
2293:Local government in the
2206:
2110:
1934:
1869:
1609:administrative divisions
1379:
1164:Chief governance officer
8116:Public good (economics)
8002:Ministries by portfolio
7973:Public works ministries
7705:Ministry of electricity
7645:Ministry of the economy
7519:Office of the president
6862:Uncodified constitution
6387:Administrative division
5188:"Governorates of Egypt"
5004:
4953:serving four-year terms
4854:territorial authorities
4379:) are responsible for:
4299:Felipe González Márquez
4259:Municipalities of Spain
3722:Elderships of Lithuania
3519:constitution of Iceland
3218:have a semi-autonomous
3175:Sastamala Town Hall in
3011:(usually translated as
2411:(CAR) was established.
2374:(City Council) and the
2151:Districts of Kazakhstan
2031:
2020:
1965:/ Notified Area Council
1897:subdivisions of Georgia
1561:
1482:
1339:local service districts
1329:), such as independent
829:Administrative division
773:International relations
7938:Environment ministries
7908:Agriculture ministries
7903:Presidents of assembly
7898:Deputy prime ministers
5397:knowindia.india.gov.in
4936:administrative regions
4867:and 2 other councils).
4768:
4720:
4662:
4509:metropolitan districts
4269:autonomous communities
4187:urban-type settlements
4127:Subdivisions of Russia
4109:and a locally elected
4090:Voivodeships of Poland
4052:, is organized as two
4029:Freguesias of Portugal
3929:(college van) B&W)
3807:apskrities viršininkas
3681:
3673:
3425:For local government,
3387:Since 1 January 2011,
3184:
3163:Sub-regions of Finland
3134:
3111:
3067:
3005:krajské zastupitelstvo
2784:elected democratically
2770:
2760:
2754:), sometimes known as
2751:
2735:
2722:
2716:), sometimes known as
2712:
2691:
2681:
2668:
2653:its internal divisions
2474:
2472:Taipei City Government
2371:Sangguniang Panlungsod
1915:avtonomiuri respublika
1910:ავტონომიური რესპუბლიკა
1535:Local Government Areas
1320:local government areas
1308:municipal corporations
1240:
1134:World Governance Index
8264:Public infrastructure
8101:Public administration
8086:Free-culture movement
7933:Environment ministers
7839:Minister for Veterans
7710:Ministry of Petroleum
7670:Ministry of transport
7509:Deputy First Minister
7499:Deputy prime minister
7353:aspects of capitalism
7269:History of philosophy
6767:Unemployment benefits
6503:Military dictatorship
6269:Governance From Below
6250:Agenda 21 for culture
6204:The Congress in brief
5009:Peru is divided into
4979:Borá, São Paulo state
4766:Fullerton, California
4763:
4656:
4501:, which are separate
4392:planning and building
4368:The county councils (
4275:. There are also two
4021:Districts of Portugal
3982:) and other members (
3714:Counties of Lithuania
3598:Constitution of Italy
3553:Republic of Ireland's
3503:public transportation
3421:Subregions of Hungary
3391:consists of thirteen
3364:Federalism in Germany
3174:
3147:administrative reform
3106:
3058:is divided into five
2893:Provinces of Bulgaria
2470:
2454:Governorates of Syria
2337:Local Government Code
2289:Palestinian Authority
2147:Regions of Kazakhstan
1952:Municipal Corporation
1457:[moħɑfˈzˤɑːt]
1386:Governorates of Egypt
1252:public administration
1230:
839:Democratic transition
702:Self-governing colony
299:Military dictatorship
7928:Education ministries
7765:Information minister
7700:Environment minister
7610:Ministry of interior
7600:Immigration minister
7287:Political ideologies
6563:Parliamentary system
5631:List on the website
5457:on February 15, 2010
5425:The Official Gazette
5348:Local Government Act
5265:Country Profile 2019
5239:"About the Ministry"
5219:on February 28, 2020
5174:The Official Gazette
5158:on November 1, 2023.
4959:constitution of 1988
4926:: 26 states and one
4375:The municipalities (
4323:Comisión de Gobierno
3968:hoogheemraadschappen
3937:) and the aldermen (
3624:unification of Italy
3307:and French Guiana).
2862:is divided into six
2752:njësi administrative
2744:administrative units
2687:rural municipalities
2623:Districts of Albania
2544:United Arab Emirates
2487:special municipality
2220:(Rural Council) and
2038:Governorates of Iraq
1901:autonomous republics
1439:[moˈħɑfzˤet]
1254:within a particular
1181:corporate governance
8569:Localism (politics)
8500:Public viewing area
8269:Public water system
8257:Municipal broadband
8214:Public broadcasting
7824:Ministry of science
7782:Ministry of justice
7775:Ministry of housing
7736:Ministry of culture
7650:Ministry of finance
7590:Ministry of defence
7409:Forms of government
7342:Conservatism navbox
6947:Legislative council
6772:National healthcare
6646:Christian democracy
6568:Presidential system
6423:Countries by system
5333:(Second ed.).
4873:unitary authorities
4728:Baja California Sur
4694:Indigenous reserves
4603:unitary authorities
4571:ceremonial counties
4517:metropolitan county
4503:unitary authorities
4484:unitary authorities
4115:voivodeship marshal
3881:Gedeputeerde Staten
3829:Malta is a unitary
3682:republikas pilsētas
3630:metropolitan cities
3433:. In addition, the
3429:is divided into 19
3417:Counties of Hungary
3266:Régions d'outre-mer
3117:is divided into 79
3095:Counties of Estonia
2936:Counties of Croatia
2827:Sant Julià de Lòria
2797:is formed by seven
2635:Villages of Albania
2619:Counties of Albania
2084:Industrial councils
1970:Rural Local Bodies:
1917:), regions (მხარე,
1770:Mymensingh Division
1699:autonomous republic
1424:[moˈħɑfzˤɑ]
878:Politics portal
763:Supranational union
672:Dependent territory
585:National government
8465:Government auction
8151:Public procurement
7968:Interior ministers
7849:Minister for women
7804:Ministry of sports
7792:Ministry of labour
7787:Minister of labour
7758:Ministry of health
7743:Education minister
7693:Ministry of energy
7550:Secretary of state
7414:Types of democracy
7309:Political spectrum
6922:Legislative bodies
6877:Head of government
6802:Banking regulation
6362:Federal government
6352:Central government
6255:2013-08-01 at the
6242:2021-01-25 at the
6200:—Council of Europe
6175:Lockner, Allyn O.
5323:"Local Government"
5119:OECD/UCLG (2016).
4951:Câmara Municipal),
4769:
4663:
4153:Federation Council
4141:Republic of Crimea
4054:autonomous regions
3871:Provinciale Staten
3487:elementary schools
3220:Sami Domicile Area
3185:
3159:Regions of Finland
3112:
3046:Regions of Denmark
2854:Regions of Belarus
2819:Escaldes-Engordany
2780:central government
2675:were divided into
2475:
2458:Districts of Syria
2264:Federal Government
1979:District Panchayat
1815:mainly consist of
1466:President of Egypt
1365:municipal autonomy
1241:
45:possibly contains
8546:
8545:
8540:
8539:
8367:Public university
8347:Public open space
8292:Drinking fountain
8252:Telecommunication
8010:
8009:
7958:Health ministries
7953:Forest ministries
7948:Foreign ministers
7943:Finance ministers
7923:Defence ministers
7844:Ministry of women
7799:Regional minister
7681:natural resources
7655:Industry minister
7640:Commerce minister
7605:Interior minister
7581:foreign affairs /
7555:Minister of state
7431:
7430:
7427:
7426:
7419:Political parties
7298:Political culture
7223:International law
7194:
7193:
7186:U.S. Constitution
7135:
7134:
7117:Political science
7096:
7095:
7068:Political parties
7029:
7028:
6955:
6954:
6671:Constitutionalism
6382:County government
6211:by Rukhman Adukov
6185:978-1-4620-1819-2
6170:978-0-7864-3100-7
6155:978-0-7864-3154-0
6013:– via SSRN.
4947:Prefeito/Prefeita
4922:consisting of 27
4850:regional councils
4657:A meeting of the
4541:2011 Localism Act
4332:Junta de Gobierno
4327:Junta de Gobierno
4319:Junta de Gobierno
4277:autonomous cities
4263:Comarcas of Spain
4058:regiões autónomas
3959:hoogheemraadschap
3776:60 municipalities
3760:
3759:
3461:megyei jogú város
3314:There are 36,679
3244:According to its
2657:1998 Constitution
2377:Sangguniang Bayan
2123:Meiji restoration
2078:Regional Councils
2042:Districts of Iraq
1999:Village Panchayat
1957:Municipal Council
1927:(მუნიციპალიტეტი,
1805:Brunei Darussalam
1704:muxtar respublika
1487:In recent years,
1327:special districts
1225:
1224:
912:
911:
863:
862:
834:Democracy indices
809:
808:
612:
611:
421:Semi-presidential
346:
345:
90:
89:
82:
47:original research
16:(Redirected from
8576:
8564:Decentralization
8559:Local government
8528:
8527:
8516:
8515:
8427:Social insurance
8274:Waste management
8242:Electric utility
8219:Public transport
8136:Public ownership
8055:Municipalization
8037:
8030:
8023:
8014:
8013:
8000:
7999:
7989:
7988:
7809:Tourism minister
7770:Housing minister
7731:Culture minister
7458:
7451:
7444:
7435:
7434:
7402:
7401:
7390:
7386:World government
7384:
7379:
7373:
7368:
7362:
7357:
7351:
7346:
7340:
7335:
7329:
7324:
7318:
7313:
7307:
7302:
7296:
7291:
7285:
7233:World government
7144:
7143:
7105:
7104:
7088:Environmentalism
7038:
7037:
6966:
6965:
6840:
6839:
6777:Public education
6757:Social insurance
6691:Environmentalism
6661:Communitarianism
6636:Authoritarianism
6598:Direct Democracy
6377:Local government
6312:
6305:
6298:
6289:
6288:
6276:
6275:
6217:
6118:
6117:
6114:"Mixed Feelings"
6109:
6103:
6102:, Article N° 66.
6097:
6091:
6090:, Article N° 10.
6085:
6079:
6078:, Article N° 11.
6073:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6062:
6047:
6041:
6040:
6038:
6036:
6021:
6015:
6014:
5994:
5983:
5982:
5980:
5978:
5963:
5957:
5950:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5930:
5922:
5916:
5915:
5900:
5894:
5893:
5892:on May 15, 2017.
5888:. Archived from
5878:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5867:
5856:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5845:
5839:
5832:
5823:
5817:
5816:
5814:
5812:
5798:
5790:
5784:
5783:
5772:
5766:
5765:
5754:
5748:
5741:
5735:
5729:
5723:
5717:
5711:
5705:
5699:
5693:
5687:
5686:
5684:
5682:
5668:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5657:
5642:
5636:
5626:
5620:
5619:
5617:
5615:
5601:
5595:
5585:
5579:
5578:
5576:
5574:
5559:
5553:
5552:
5546:
5544:
5538:
5531:
5521:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5510:
5505:on June 19, 2012
5495:
5489:
5488:
5486:
5484:
5473:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5456:
5450:. Archived from
5449:
5441:
5435:
5434:
5433:
5431:
5414:
5408:
5407:
5405:
5403:
5389:
5383:
5382:
5380:
5378:
5372:
5365:
5357:
5351:
5345:
5339:
5338:
5318:
5312:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5302:on April 7, 2013
5292:
5286:
5285:
5283:
5281:
5275:
5260:
5254:
5253:
5251:
5249:
5235:
5229:
5228:
5226:
5224:
5209:
5203:
5202:
5200:
5198:
5184:
5178:
5177:
5166:
5160:
5159:
5157:
5151:. Archived from
5150:
5141:
5135:
5134:
5132:
5125:
5116:
5110:
5109:
5107:
5100:
5091:
5082:
5081:
5079:
5072:
5063:
5023:decentralisation
5015:province of Lima
4975:Câmara Municipal
4928:Federal District
4924:federative units
4725:
4710:federal district
4671:British Columbia
4577:Northern Ireland
4550:may be called a
4458:Cameron ministry
4303:José María Aznar
4205:(rural councils)
4161:Federal Assembly
4056:(in Portuguese,
3905:Municipalities (
3803:county governors
3755:
3752:
3746:
3734:
3733:
3726:
3620:Kingdom of Italy
3491:waste management
3343:Pays de la Loire
3335:French Polynesia
2987:thirteen regions
2866:and the city of
2803:Andorra la Vella
2773:
2763:
2738:
2725:
2715:
2694:
2684:
2493:governments and
2386:Barangay Council
2382:Barangay Captain
2234:Sub-metropolises
1929:munits'ipaliteti
1912:
1911:
1632:
1631:
1620:
1619:
1522:federal republic
1459:
1453:
1447:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1410:
1409:
1331:school districts
1244:Local government
1217:
1210:
1203:
1063:Higher education
969:Multistakeholder
914:
913:
904:
897:
890:
876:
875:
823:
822:
667:Associated state
625:
624:
600:Internationalism
590:World government
567:
446:
378:
359:
358:
333:Free association
320:
281:
200:
143:
131:
130:
94:
93:
85:
78:
74:
71:
65:
62:inline citations
38:
37:
30:
21:
8584:
8583:
8579:
8578:
8577:
8575:
8574:
8573:
8549:
8548:
8547:
8542:
8541:
8536:
8504:
8490:Public security
8480:Public offering
8448:
8437:Social security
8387:Social services
8381:
8337:Public hospital
8332:Public computer
8327:Public bookcase
8278:
8228:
8197:Law enforcement
8192:Fire department
8175:
8126:Public interest
8069:
8065:Progressive tax
8060:Nationalization
8046:
8044:Public services
8041:
8011:
8006:
7977:
7893:Prime ministers
7888:Vice presidents
7871:
7855:
7753:Health minister
7719:
7688:Energy minister
7680:
7674:
7632:
7626:
7582:
7580:
7574:
7560:Deputy minister
7538:
7472:
7462:
7432:
7423:
7393:
7388:
7382:
7377:
7371:
7366:
7364:Western culture
7360:
7355:
7349:
7344:
7338:
7333:
7327:
7322:
7316:
7311:
7305:
7300:
7294:
7289:
7283:
7252:
7190:
7131:
7112:Fields of study
7092:
7073:Advocacy groups
7025:
6961:
6951:
6831:
6827:Street cleaning
6807:Food inspection
6762:Law enforcement
6745:
6614:
6548:Totalitarianism
6401:
6325:
6316:
6281:
6257:Wayback Machine
6244:Wayback Machine
6215:
6194:
6160:Kemp, Roger L.
6145:Kemp, Roger L.
6130:Kemp, Roger L.
6127:
6125:Further reading
6122:
6121:
6110:
6106:
6098:
6094:
6086:
6082:
6074:
6070:
6060:
6058:
6049:
6048:
6044:
6034:
6032:
6023:
6022:
6018:
5995:
5986:
5976:
5974:
5965:
5964:
5960:
5951:
5947:
5939:
5928:
5924:
5923:
5919:
5902:
5901:
5897:
5880:
5879:
5875:
5865:
5863:
5858:
5857:
5853:
5843:
5841:
5840:on July 3, 2007
5837:
5830:
5824:
5820:
5810:
5808:
5796:
5792:
5791:
5787:
5774:
5773:
5769:
5756:
5755:
5751:
5742:
5738:
5730:
5726:
5718:
5714:
5706:
5702:
5694:
5690:
5680:
5678:
5670:
5669:
5665:
5655:
5653:
5644:
5643:
5639:
5633:e-seimas.lrs.lt
5627:
5623:
5613:
5611:
5603:
5602:
5598:
5594:3 January 2003.
5586:
5582:
5572:
5570:
5561:
5560:
5556:
5542:
5540:
5536:
5529:
5523:
5522:
5518:
5508:
5506:
5497:
5496:
5492:
5482:
5480:
5475:
5474:
5470:
5460:
5458:
5454:
5447:
5443:
5442:
5438:
5429:
5427:
5415:
5411:
5401:
5399:
5391:
5390:
5386:
5376:
5374:
5370:
5363:
5359:
5358:
5354:
5350:, No. 20, 1997.
5346:
5342:
5319:
5315:
5305:
5303:
5294:
5293:
5289:
5279:
5277:
5273:
5262:
5261:
5257:
5247:
5245:
5237:
5236:
5232:
5222:
5220:
5211:
5210:
5206:
5196:
5194:
5186:
5185:
5181:
5168:
5167:
5163:
5155:
5148:
5142:
5138:
5130:
5123:
5117:
5113:
5105:
5098:
5092:
5085:
5077:
5070:
5064:
5060:
5055:
5031:
5007:
4995:
4916:
4910:
4890:
4885:
4846:
4840:
4832:
4826:
4821:
4758:
4752:
4702:
4651:
4645:
4640:
4621:
4615:
4599:
4593:
4585:
4579:
4526:London boroughs
4479:, which may be
4441:
4435:
4429:
4420:
4415:
4409:
4362:
4354:Main articles:
4352:
4307:concejo abierto
4265:
4253:Main articles:
4251:
4245:
4220:
4137:
4125:Main articles:
4123:
4092:
4084:Main articles:
4082:
4031:
4015:Main articles:
4013:
3998:
3990:(hoog)heemraden
3853:
3845:Main articles:
3843:
3827:
3756:
3750:
3747:
3744:
3735:
3731:
3724:
3712:Main articles:
3710:
3690:
3663:
3657:
3594:
3582:
3576:
3549:
3543:
3507:senior citizens
3495:social services
3475:
3469:
3423:
3415:Main articles:
3413:
3401:autonomous area
3385:
3377:Main articles:
3375:
3370:
3362:Main articles:
3360:
3242:
3234:Main articles:
3232:
3169:
3157:Main articles:
3155:
3107:A town hall of
3101:
3093:Main articles:
3091:
3052:
3044:Main articles:
3042:
2979:
2971:Main articles:
2969:
2946:
2934:Main articles:
2932:
2899:
2891:Main articles:
2889:
2883:("districts").
2856:
2850:
2792:
2637:
2617:Main articles:
2615:
2610:
2604:
2599:
2593:
2568:
2563:
2557:
2552:
2546:
2531:
2525:
2520:
2514:
2509:
2503:
2491:provincial city
2465:
2460:
2452:Main articles:
2450:
2445:
2439:
2423:
2333:
2327:
2321:
2291:
2256:
2250:
2215:
2209:
2204:
2198:
2186:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2164:
2158:
2153:
2145:Main articles:
2143:
2119:
2113:
2055:
2049:
2044:
2036:Main articles:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2018:
2012:
1989:Block Panchayat
1943:
1937:
1893:
1885:Main articles:
1883:
1878:
1872:
1867:
1861:
1807:
1738:
1732:
1649:
1643:
1605:
1597:Main articles:
1595:
1569:
1564:
1549:
1543:
1515:
1509:
1485:
1451:muḥāfaẓāt
1434:muḥāfaẓat
1419:
1388:
1382:
1377:
1369:Local elections
1361:self-governance
1256:sovereign state
1221:
1192:
1191:
1183:
1180:
1174:
1171:
1159:
1158:
1149:
1148:
1129:
1128:
1119:
1118:
1117:
1088:Security sector
1083:Political party
1022:
1021:
1012:
1011:
1010:
995:
994:
985:
984:
983:
938:
937:
908:
870:
865:
864:
851:Democratisation
844:Autocratization
820:
812:
811:
810:
767:
728:
707:Tributary state
697:Satellite state
652:
622:
621:Power structure
614:
613:
565:
564:
546:
517:
503:
494:Totalitarianism
444:
443:
425:
376:
375:
356:
348:
347:
342:
318:
310:
275:
267:
198:
190:
137:
128:
127:Source of power
105:Basic forms of
99:Politics series
86:
75:
69:
66:
51:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Local authority
15:
12:
11:
5:
8582:
8572:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8544:
8543:
8538:
8537:
8535:
8534:
8522:
8509:
8506:
8505:
8503:
8502:
8497:
8492:
8487:
8482:
8477:
8475:Public holiday
8472:
8467:
8462:
8456:
8454:
8450:
8449:
8447:
8446:
8444:Youth services
8441:
8440:
8439:
8434:
8432:Social pension
8424:
8423:
8422:
8412:
8407:
8402:
8400:Public housing
8397:
8391:
8389:
8383:
8382:
8380:
8379:
8374:
8369:
8364:
8359:
8354:
8349:
8344:
8342:Public library
8339:
8334:
8329:
8324:
8319:
8314:
8309:
8307:Infrastructure
8304:
8302:Free education
8299:
8294:
8288:
8286:
8280:
8279:
8277:
8276:
8271:
8266:
8261:
8260:
8259:
8249:
8244:
8238:
8236:
8234:Public utility
8230:
8229:
8227:
8226:
8221:
8216:
8211:
8210:
8209:
8207:Savings system
8202:Postal service
8199:
8194:
8189:
8183:
8181:
8180:Basic services
8177:
8176:
8174:
8173:
8168:
8163:
8158:
8153:
8148:
8143:
8138:
8133:
8128:
8123:
8118:
8113:
8108:
8103:
8098:
8096:Product sample
8093:
8091:Free newspaper
8088:
8083:
8077:
8075:
8071:
8070:
8068:
8067:
8062:
8057:
8051:
8048:
8047:
8040:
8039:
8032:
8025:
8017:
8008:
8007:
8005:
8004:
7994:
7982:
7979:
7978:
7976:
7975:
7970:
7965:
7955:
7950:
7945:
7940:
7935:
7930:
7925:
7920:
7915:
7910:
7905:
7900:
7895:
7890:
7885:
7879:
7877:
7873:
7872:
7870:
7869:
7863:
7861:
7857:
7856:
7854:
7853:
7852:
7851:
7841:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7806:
7801:
7796:
7795:
7794:
7784:
7779:
7778:
7777:
7767:
7762:
7761:
7760:
7750:
7745:
7740:
7739:
7738:
7727:
7725:
7721:
7720:
7718:
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6979:
6976:
6974:
6971:
6970:
6967:
6964:
6958:
6948:
6945:
6943:
6940:
6938:
6935:
6933:
6930:
6928:
6925:
6923:
6920:
6918:
6915:
6913:
6910:
6908:
6905:
6903:
6900:
6898:
6895:
6893:
6890:
6888:
6885:
6883:
6880:
6878:
6875:
6873:
6872:Head of state
6870:
6868:
6865:
6863:
6860:
6858:
6855:
6853:
6850:
6848:
6845:
6844:
6841:
6838:
6834:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6818:
6815:
6813:
6810:
6808:
6805:
6803:
6800:
6798:
6795:
6793:
6790:
6788:
6785:
6783:
6780:
6778:
6775:
6773:
6770:
6768:
6765:
6763:
6760:
6758:
6755:
6754:
6752:
6748:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6731:Progressivism
6729:
6727:
6724:
6722:
6719:
6717:
6714:
6712:
6709:
6707:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6687:
6684:
6682:
6679:
6677:
6674:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6652:
6649:
6647:
6644:
6642:
6639:
6637:
6634:
6632:
6629:
6627:
6624:
6623:
6621:
6617:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6578:Collaborative
6576:
6574:
6571:
6570:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6557:
6553:
6552:
6549:
6546:
6544:
6541:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6523:Republicanism
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6509:
6506:
6504:
6501:
6499:
6496:
6494:
6491:
6489:
6486:
6484:
6481:
6479:
6476:
6474:
6471:
6469:
6466:
6464:
6461:
6459:
6456:
6454:
6453:Confederation
6451:
6449:
6446:
6444:
6441:
6439:
6436:
6434:
6431:
6429:
6426:
6424:
6421:
6419:
6416:
6414:
6411:
6410:
6408:
6404:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6357:Unitary state
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6334:
6332:
6328:
6324:
6320:
6313:
6308:
6306:
6301:
6299:
6294:
6293:
6290:
6284:
6277:
6270:
6267:
6264:
6261:
6258:
6254:
6251:
6248:
6245:
6241:
6238:
6235:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6218:
6213:
6210:
6207:
6205:
6202:
6199:
6196:
6195:
6186:
6182:
6178:
6174:
6171:
6167:
6163:
6159:
6156:
6152:
6148:
6144:
6141:
6140:0-7864-0408-6
6137:
6133:
6129:
6128:
6115:
6108:
6101:
6096:
6089:
6084:
6077:
6072:
6056:
6052:
6046:
6030:
6026:
6020:
6012:
6008:
6004:
6000:
5993:
5991:
5989:
5972:
5968:
5962:
5955:
5949:
5938:
5934:
5927:
5921:
5913:
5909:
5905:
5899:
5891:
5887:
5883:
5877:
5861:
5855:
5836:
5829:
5822:
5806:
5802:
5795:
5789:
5781:
5777:
5771:
5763:
5759:
5753:
5746:
5740:
5733:
5728:
5721:
5716:
5709:
5704:
5697:
5692:
5677:
5673:
5667:
5651:
5650:Kartverket.no
5647:
5641:
5634:
5630:
5625:
5610:
5606:
5600:
5593:
5589:
5584:
5568:
5564:
5558:
5550:
5535:
5528:
5527:
5520:
5504:
5500:
5494:
5478:
5472:
5453:
5446:
5440:
5426:
5422:
5421:
5413:
5398:
5394:
5388:
5369:
5362:
5356:
5349:
5344:
5336:
5332:
5328:
5324:
5317:
5301:
5297:
5291:
5276:. p. 161
5271:
5267:
5266:
5259:
5244:
5240:
5234:
5218:
5214:
5208:
5193:
5189:
5183:
5175:
5171:
5170:"Law 43/1979"
5165:
5154:
5147:
5140:
5129:
5122:
5115:
5104:
5097:
5090:
5088:
5076:
5069:
5062:
5058:
5050:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5035:
5026:
5024:
5020:
5016:
5012:
5002:
5000:
4990:
4988:
4984:
4980:
4976:
4972:
4967:
4965:
4960:
4956:
4952:
4948:
4944:
4939:
4937:
4933:
4929:
4925:
4921:
4915:
4905:
4901:
4897:
4895:
4883:South America
4880:
4876:
4874:
4866:
4865:city councils
4862:
4859:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4851:
4845:
4835:
4831:
4816:
4814:
4810:
4806:
4802:
4798:
4794:
4790:
4786:
4782:
4778:
4774:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4750:United States
4747:
4745:
4739:
4737:
4733:
4729:
4724:
4723:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4707:
4697:
4695:
4691:
4686:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4672:
4668:
4661:City Council.
4660:
4655:
4650:
4638:North America
4635:
4633:
4628:
4626:
4620:
4610:
4608:
4607:council areas
4604:
4598:
4588:
4584:
4574:
4572:
4568:
4563:
4561:
4557:
4553:
4549:
4544:
4542:
4538:
4531:
4527:
4523:
4520:
4518:
4514:
4510:
4507:
4505:in some areas
4504:
4500:
4497:
4492:
4489:divided into
4488:
4485:
4481:
4480:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4464:
4463:John Prescott
4459:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4440:
4434:
4424:
4414:
4404:
4400:
4394:
4391:
4388:
4386:
4382:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4373:
4371:
4366:
4361:
4357:
4347:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4328:
4324:
4320:
4316:
4312:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4295:
4293:
4288:
4286:
4282:
4278:
4274:
4270:
4264:
4260:
4256:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4232:
4229:
4228:
4227:
4225:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4204:
4201:
4200:
4199:
4194:
4191:
4188:
4184:
4181:
4178:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4168:
4166:
4162:
4158:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4142:
4136:
4132:
4128:
4118:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4103:
4101:
4097:
4091:
4087:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4066:
4061:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4040:
4036:
4030:
4026:
4022:
4018:
4008:
4005:
4001:
3993:
3991:
3987:
3986:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3974:
3969:
3965:
3964:waterschappen
3961:
3960:
3955:
3954:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3941:
3936:
3935:
3930:
3926:
3925:
3920:
3919:
3914:
3910:
3909:
3903:
3901:
3897:
3896:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3863:
3862:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3822:
3818:
3816:
3810:
3808:
3805:(Lithuanian:
3804:
3799:
3797:
3793:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3754:
3742:
3737:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3705:
3703:
3699:
3695:
3688:Liechtenstein
3685:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3662:
3652:
3650:
3646:
3638:
3635:
3632:
3631:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3614:
3610:
3606:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3599:
3589:
3587:
3581:
3571:
3568:
3564:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3548:
3538:
3536:
3535:sveitarstjóri
3532:
3528:
3522:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3508:
3504:
3500:
3496:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3483:kindergartens
3480:
3474:
3464:
3462:
3457:
3455:
3451:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3436:
3432:
3428:
3422:
3418:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3384:
3380:
3369:
3365:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3339:New Caledonia
3336:
3332:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3310:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3296:
3295:
3290:
3287:
3286:French Guiana
3283:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3247:
3241:
3237:
3227:
3225:
3221:
3217:
3213:
3209:
3206:and nineteen
3205:
3200:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3182:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3150:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3116:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3096:
3086:
3084:
3080:
3075:
3073:
3069:
3065:
3061:
3057:
3051:
3047:
3037:
3035:
3034:
3029:
3025:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2988:
2984:
2978:
2974:
2964:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2945:
2941:
2937:
2927:
2925:
2920:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2898:
2894:
2884:
2882:
2881:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2855:
2845:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2800:
2796:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2772:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2732:
2728:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2705:
2704:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2693:
2688:
2683:
2678:
2674:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2658:
2654:
2651:has reformed
2650:
2646:
2642:
2636:
2632:
2628:
2624:
2620:
2609:
2598:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2562:
2551:
2541:
2537:
2535:
2530:
2519:
2508:
2498:
2496:
2492:
2489:governments,
2488:
2484:
2480:
2473:
2469:
2459:
2455:
2444:
2434:
2430:
2428:
2418:
2417:
2412:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2378:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2366:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2313:
2310:
2307:
2303:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2296:
2286:
2280:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2261:
2255:
2245:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2214:
2203:
2193:
2191:
2185:
2174:
2163:
2152:
2148:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2128:
2124:
2118:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2089:
2088:Upper Galilee
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2054:
2043:
2039:
2028:
2017:
2004:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1980:
1977:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1932:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1916:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1892:
1888:
1877:
1866:
1856:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1813:
1802:
1798:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1773:
1771:
1767:
1763:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1737:
1727:
1725:
1721:
1711:
1708:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1682:
1681:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1653:
1648:
1638:
1636:
1626:
1625:
1614:
1610:
1604:
1600:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1575:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1548:
1538:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1514:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1467:
1463:
1458:
1454:
1452:
1440:
1435:
1430:
1429:genitive case
1425:
1417:
1415:
1404:
1400:
1396:
1392:
1387:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1349:
1347:
1342:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1259:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1218:
1213:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1199:
1198:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1176:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1161:
1153:
1152:
1145:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1123:
1122:
1114:
1113:Transnational
1111:
1109:
1106:
1104:
1101:
1099:
1096:
1094:
1091:
1089:
1086:
1084:
1081:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1058:Environmental
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1016:
1015:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
998:
989:
988:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
954:Collaborative
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
941:
932:
931:
928:
925:
924:
920:
916:
915:
905:
900:
898:
893:
891:
886:
885:
883:
882:
879:
874:
869:
868:
857:
854:
852:
849:
845:
842:
841:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
826:
825:
824:
816:
815:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
779:
778:
777:
774:
771:
770:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
743:Confederation
741:
740:
739:
738:
735:
732:
731:
725:
722:
720:
717:
715:
714:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
664:
663:
662:
659:
656:
655:
649:
646:
644:
641:
639:
638:Unitary state
636:
635:
634:
633:
630:
627:
626:
618:
617:
606:
603:
601:
598:
596:
593:
591:
588:
586:
583:
581:
578:
576:
573:
572:
571:
570:
561:
558:
556:
553:
552:
550:
549:
541:
540:State atheism
538:
536:
533:
532:
531:
530:Secular state
528:
526:
523:
522:
521:
520:
513:
510:
509:
507:
506:
500:
497:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
455:
452:
451:
450:
449:
440:
437:
435:
434:Authoritarian
432:
431:
429:
428:
422:
419:
417:
414:
412:
411:Parliamentary
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
383:
382:
381:
372:
369:
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43:This article
41:
32:
31:
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8529:
8517:
8470:Public float
8405:Job creation
8357:Public space
8284:Public works
8161:Public value
8156:Public trust
7389:}}
7383:{{
7378:}}
7372:{{
7367:}}
7361:{{
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7328:{{
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7317:{{
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7295:{{
7290:}}
7284:{{
7278:
7274:Civilization
7227:
7205:
7175:
7165:
7150:
7111:
7083:Civil rights
7077:
7062:
7044:
7012:
6992:
6988:Town meeting
6972:
6921:
6896:
6866:
6852:Constitution
6846:
6811:
6791:
6735:
6681:Distributism
6666:Conservatism
6651:Collectivism
6619:Philosophies
6593:Cosmopolitan
6588:Conservative
6554:
6427:
6418:Govt systems
6412:
6392:Municipality
6376:
6371:
6176:
6161:
6146:
6131:
6107:
6099:
6095:
6087:
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6071:
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6054:
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6028:
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5920:
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5835:the original
5821:
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5608:
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5592:Radio Prague
5583:
5573:September 9,
5571:. Retrieved
5566:
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5525:
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5493:
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5428:, retrieved
5419:
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5400:. Retrieved
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5300:the original
5290:
5280:February 26,
5278:. Retrieved
5269:
5264:
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5248:December 23,
5246:. Retrieved
5242:
5233:
5223:December 23,
5221:. Retrieved
5217:the original
5207:
5197:December 24,
5195:. Retrieved
5191:
5182:
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5164:
5153:the original
5139:
5114:
5061:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5036:
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5008:
4996:
4974:
4968:
4954:
4950:
4946:
4940:
4918:Brazil is a
4917:
4902:
4898:
4894:Buenos Aires
4891:
4877:
4870:
4847:
4833:
4809:reservations
4770:
4740:
4732:Quintana Roo
4722:delegaciones
4713:
4703:
4687:
4683:
4664:
4629:
4622:
4600:
4586:
4564:
4560:city council
4552:town council
4545:
4534:
4513:joint boards
4482:single-tier
4471:
4442:
4421:
4401:
4398:
4385:elderly care
4376:
4374:
4369:
4367:
4363:
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4318:
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4296:
4289:
4266:
4244:
4236:
4221:
4197:
4183:cities/towns
4169:
4167:they enjoy.
4145:federal city
4138:
4104:
4096:voivodeships
4093:
4075:
4068:
4064:
4062:
4057:
4042:archipelagos
4034:
4032:
4006:
4002:
3999:
3989:
3983:
3977:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3957:
3951:
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3944:
3938:
3934:burgemeester
3932:
3928:
3922:
3918:gemeenteraad
3916:
3912:
3906:
3904:
3899:
3893:
3885:
3879:
3875:
3869:
3865:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3828:
3819:
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3806:
3800:
3795:
3791:
3784:savivaldybės
3783:
3779:
3771:
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3648:
3644:
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3460:
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3438:
3424:
3386:
3350:
3346:
3325:
3319:
3318:(in French:
3298:
3294:départements
3292:
3265:
3257:
3246:Constitution
3243:
3201:
3197:property tax
3191:are the 311
3186:
3142:
3122:
3113:
3082:
3076:
3071:
3053:
3031:
3027:
3021:
3008:
3004:
2995:
2991:
2980:
2947:
2921:
2910:
2906:
2900:
2878:
2876:
2872:Minsk Region
2863:
2857:
2844:in Catalan.
2841:
2837:
2833:
2831:
2793:
2777:
2701:
2695:) until the
2638:
2586:
2569:
2538:
2532:
2485:consists of
2476:
2431:
2427:Saudi Arabia
2424:
2421:Saudi Arabia
2413:
2398:
2375:
2369:
2363:
2361:
2353:municipality
2334:
2306:governorates
2292:
2283:
2257:
2230:Metropolises
2216:
2187:
2167:Korea, South
2156:Korea, North
2120:
2056:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1945:
1944:
1928:
1918:
1914:
1896:
1894:
1841:Brunei-Muara
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1810:
1808:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1784:
1780:
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1703:
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1669:
1665:
1659:
1651:
1650:
1622:
1612:
1606:
1587:
1583:
1579:
1570:
1552:South Africa
1550:
1541:South Africa
1526:constitution
1516:
1501:
1497:
1486:
1470:
1448:
1411:
1403:governorates
1389:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1343:
1335:water boards
1324:
1272:
1260:
1243:
1242:
1237:city council
792:Middle power
719:Vassal state
713:Buffer state
711:
687:Puppet state
682:Protectorate
658:Client state
648:Principality
559:
474:Distributism
416:Presidential
294:Dictatorship
218:Gerontocracy
140:rule by many
113:
97:Part of the
91:
76:
70:January 2011
67:
44:
8322:Public bank
8297:Free clinic
8131:Public land
8081:Common good
7631:Economics /
7248:World Court
7181:Magna Carta
6998:Legislation
6960:Governance
6917:Legislature
6792:Regulation:
6701:Familialism
6676:Corporatism
6656:Communalism
6626:Agrarianism
6538:Technocracy
6498:Meritocracy
6493:Kleptocracy
6473:Ergatocracy
6468:Electocracy
6458:Colonialism
6443:Bureaucracy
6438:Aristocracy
6116:. dandc.eu.
5509:December 4,
4999:departments
4964:organic law
4838:New Zealand
4736:Mexico City
4625:communities
4338:(singular,
4279:: those of
4240:monitorings
4157:upper house
3927:, abbr. to
3898:, abbr. to
3884:, abbr. to
3874:, abbr. to
3841:Netherlands
3794:, plural –
3782:, plural –
3780:savivaldybė
3770:, plural –
3764:10 counties
3586:Isle of Man
3574:Isle of Man
3511:handicapped
3454:kistérségek
3405:Mount Athos
3351:sui generis
3260:(including
3216:Sami people
3204:sub-regions
3123:omavalitsus
3030:, singular
2994:, singular
2924:centralised
2909:, singular
2718:prefectures
2341:Philippines
2319:Philippines
2242:Gaunpalikas
2222:Nagarpalika
2135:prefectures
2131:prefectures
2096:Ramat Hovav
1709:7 districts
1567:Afghanistan
1395:centralised
1231:Meeting of
1068:Information
974:Open-source
944:Algorithmic
797:Great power
782:Small power
724:Viceroyalty
595:Nationalism
459:Colonialism
439:Libertarian
401:Directorial
278:rule by one
258:Technocracy
253:Stratocracy
233:Meritocracy
223:Kleptocracy
213:Aristocracy
8553:Categories
8495:Public use
8377:Urban park
8317:Public art
8106:Public bad
7883:Presidents
7579:Defence /
7477:Leadership
7470:ministries
7398:Categories
7331:liberalism
7279:Templates:
7176:Documents:
7151:Overviews:
7003:Regulation
6932:Parliament
6836:Components
6822:Sanitation
6812:Municipal:
6741:John Locke
6726:Liberalism
6706:Fanaticism
6518:Plutocracy
6488:Geniocracy
6478:Federalism
6448:Capitalism
6323:government
6280:Government
6233:Colin Rice
5866:August 28,
5745:What we do
5672:"About us"
5614:October 1,
5461:August 27,
5053:References
5011:25 regions
4987:plebiscite
4920:federation
4813:boundaries
4715:municipios
4467:North East
4437:See also:
4203:selsoviets
4149:Sevastopol
4070:freguesias
4065:municípios
3953:waterschap
3945:wethouders
3866:provincies
3831:city state
3796:seniūnijos
3788:elderships
3622:(from the
3450:subregions
3282:Guadeloupe
3274:Martinique
3072:regionsråd
2815:La Massana
2723:prefekturë
2606:See also:
2555:Uzbekistan
2501:Tajikistan
2405:Cordillera
2343:: (1) the
2329:See also:
2218:Gaunpalika
2141:Kazakhstan
2121:Since the
2104:Beer Sheva
2102:(south of
2090:(north of
1746:Chittagong
1730:Bangladesh
1652:Azerbaijan
1641:Azerbaijan
1574:mujaheddin
1442:; plural:
1333:, elected
1248:governance
1108:Technology
1098:Simulation
959:Electronic
927:Governance
802:Superpower
758:Superstate
753:Federation
748:Devolution
734:Federalism
575:City-state
248:Plutocracy
243:Particracy
107:government
54:improve it
7484:President
7466:ministers
7207:Diplomacy
7127:Sociology
7058:Campaigns
7046:Elections
7021:Precedent
6993:Outcomes:
6983:Committee
6962:processes
6912:Judiciary
6887:President
6847:Documents
6787:Espionage
6750:Functions
6696:Extremism
6631:Anarchism
6583:Consensus
6573:Cellular
6556:Democracy
6543:Theocracy
6528:Socialism
6513:Oligarchy
6483:Feudalism
6463:Communism
6330:Overviews
5377:March 31,
5306:August 6,
4983:São Paulo
4888:Argentina
4824:Australia
4785:townships
4499:districts
4491:districts
4469:in 2004.
4370:landsting
4336:comarques
4273:provinces
4035:distritos
3979:dijkgraaf
3940:wethouder
3913:gemeenten
3890:Flevoland
3861:provincie
3792:seniūnija
3772:apskritys
3768:apskritis
3751:June 2013
3708:Lithuania
3698:Gemeinden
3649:Municipio
3616:Provinces
3248:of 1958,
3183:, Finland
3181:Sastamala
3135:maakonnad
3024:districts
2661:districts
2647:in 1912,
2643:from the
2437:Sri Lanka
2010:Indonesia
1853:Temburong
1724:Bələdiyyə
1687:; sing.–
1668:; sing.–
1661:districts
1414:muḥāfaẓah
1399:Executive
1288:townships
1280:districts
1233:Jyväskylä
1038:Corporate
629:Unitarism
605:Globalism
511:Religious
499:Tribalism
489:Socialism
484:Feudalism
469:Despotism
464:Communism
454:Anarchism
391:Communist
338:Stateless
328:Anarchism
289:Despotism
273:Autocracy
263:Theocracy
228:Kritarchy
196:Oligarchy
181:Socialist
135:Democracy
58:verifying
8519:Category
8453:See also
8074:Concepts
7534:Minister
7171:Suffrage
7101:Academic
7034:Politics
6973:Process:
6942:Assembly
6927:Congress
6907:Ministry
6782:Military
6716:Feminism
6641:Centrism
6608:Republic
6508:Monarchy
6428:Systems:
6397:Township
6319:Politics
6253:Archived
6240:Archived
5937:Archived
5912:Archived
5811:June 25,
5805:Archived
5681:July 21,
5656:July 21,
5609:lgiu.org
5543:April 1,
5534:Archived
5368:Archived
5128:Archived
5103:Archived
5075:Archived
5013:and the
4993:Paraguay
4777:counties
4659:Hamilton
4591:Scotland
4528:and the
4477:counties
4377:kommuner
4315:concejal
4311:el Pleno
4218:Slovenia
4165:autonomy
4143:and the
4039:Atlantic
4011:Portugal
3908:gemeente
3702:Gemeinde
3637:Communes
3443:Budapest
3431:counties
3320:Communes
3264:) and 5
3143:maavanem
3139:governor
3131:Estonian
3127:counties
3109:Viljandi
3083:kommuner
3068:regioner
3017:governor
2989:(Czech:
2985:are the
2959:and 429
2903:Bulgaria
2887:Bulgaria
2799:parishes
2766:villages
2756:communes
2748:Albanian
2708:counties
2673:counties
2665:Albanian
2512:Thailand
2384:and the
2357:barangay
2345:province
2262:, after
2260:Pakistan
2248:Pakistan
2240:and 460
2190:Malaysia
2178:Malaysia
1983:district
1905:Georgian
1859:Cambodia
1795:mahallas
1758:Rajshahi
1685:şəhərlər
1666:rayonlar
1635:Armenian
1537:(LGAs).
1462:governor
1316:villages
1300:parishes
1296:boroughs
1276:counties
1127:Measures
1043:Cultural
1033:Clinical
1020:By field
993:By level
919:a series
917:Part of
677:Dominion
406:Legalist
386:Absolute
371:Republic
366:Monarchy
238:Noocracy
208:Anocracy
161:Economic
151:Demarchy
8531:Commons
8460:Commons
7514:Premier
7257:Related
7213:Embassy
7166:Reforms
7140:History
7078:Issues:
7063:Groups:
6978:Hearing
6937:Council
6902:Cabinet
6897:Bodies:
6882:Monarch
6857:Charter
6711:Fascism
6533:Statism
6433:Anarchy
6406:Systems
6372:Levels:
6221:YouTube
6011:2548199
5844:July 1,
5176:. 1979.
5029:Uruguay
4879:areas.
4819:Oceania
4805:village
4801:borough
4675:Ontario
4446:regions
4427:England
4407:Ukraine
4344:comarca
4340:comarca
4285:Melilla
4159:of the
4107:voivode
4100:powiats
4050:Madeira
4044:of the
3741:updated
3678:Latvian
3670:Latvian
3612:others.
3605:Regions
3541:Ireland
3467:Iceland
3439:főváros
3435:capital
3427:Hungary
3411:Hungary
3393:regions
3358:Germany
3305:Mayotte
3278:Mayotte
3270:Réunion
3262:Corsica
3258:Régions
3224:Lapland
3208:regions
3189:Finland
3177:Vammala
3153:Finland
3115:Estonia
3089:Estonia
3060:regions
3056:Denmark
3040:Denmark
3009:hejtman
2949:Croatia
2930:Croatia
2907:oblasti
2864:regions
2860:Belarus
2848:Belarus
2838:veïnats
2807:Canillo
2795:Andorra
2790:Andorra
2771:fshatra
2649:Albania
2613:Albania
2571:Vietnam
2566:Vietnam
2196:Myanmar
2098:in the
2092:Karmiel
2003:village
1923:), and
1881:Georgia
1837:kampong
1829:kampong
1825:kampung
1781:upazila
1766:Rangpur
1742:Barisal
1593:Armenia
1518:Nigeria
1507:Nigeria
1445:محافظات
1239:in 1925
1073:Network
1028:Climate
979:Private
819:Related
514:Secular
479:Fascism
316:Anarchy
306:Tyranny
166:Liberal
52:Please
7990:
7724:Social
7622:Europe
7543:Titles
7228:World:
7218:Treaty
7053:Voting
7008:Zoning
6867:Roles:
6413:Lists:
6347:Empire
6342:Nation
6183:
6168:
6153:
6138:
6061:May 1,
6035:May 1,
6009:
5977:May 1,
5272:]
4908:Brazil
4797:parish
4708:and a
4706:states
4700:Mexico
4679:Quebec
4677:, and
4643:Canada
4350:Sweden
4261:, and
4177:raions
4133:, and
4121:Russia
4111:sejmik
4080:Poland
4046:Azores
4027:, and
3996:Norway
3988:, pl.
3962:, pl.
3943:, pl.
3911:, pl.
3864:, pl.
3815:elders
3720:, and
3674:novadi
3666:Latvia
3655:Latvia
3527:mayors
3515:zoning
3389:Greece
3373:Greece
3347:région
3297:and 5
3250:France
3230:France
3165:, and
3064:Danish
3028:okresy
3013:hetman
3007:) and
3001:Prague
2957:cities
2953:Zagreb
2942:, and
2912:oblast
2880:raions
2834:quarts
2823:Ordino
2811:Encamp
2761:komuna
2736:bashki
2713:qarqet
2692:komuna
2685:) and
2682:bashki
2669:rrethe
2639:Since
2633:, and
2602:Europe
2534:Turkey
2523:Turkey
2495:county
2483:Taiwan
2463:Taiwan
2394:sitios
2390:puroks
2236:, 276
2094:) and
2066:Cities
2047:Israel
2005:level)
1995:level)
1985:level)
1920:mkhare
1907::
1849:Tutong
1845:Belait
1833:daerah
1817:daerah
1790:unions
1762:Sylhet
1754:Khulna
1712:1 city
1680:cities
1618:մարզեր
1613:marzer
1493:Bamako
1408:محافظة
1393:has a
1375:Africa
1318:, and
1312:shires
1284:cities
1006:Global
936:Models
643:Empire
555:Global
186:Others
176:Social
156:Direct
7876:Lists
7860:Other
6337:State
5940:(PDF)
5929:(PDF)
5838:(PDF)
5831:(PDF)
5797:(PDF)
5537:(PDF)
5530:(PDF)
5455:(PDF)
5448:(PDF)
5371:(PDF)
5364:(PDF)
5325:. In
5274:(PDF)
5268:[
5156:(PDF)
5149:(PDF)
5131:(PDF)
5124:(PDF)
5106:(PDF)
5099:(PDF)
5078:(PDF)
5071:(PDF)
4943:mayor
4773:state
4613:Wales
4281:Ceuta
4249:Spain
3825:Malta
3592:Italy
3309:Paris
3212:Åland
3033:okres
2992:kraje
2868:Minsk
2677:urban
2591:Yemen
2448:Syria
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