1441:
621:
2078:– involves more lay citizen participation in decision making and offers greater political representation than traditional representative democracy, e.g., wider control of proxies given to representatives by those who get directly involved and actually participate.
2062:– an electoral democracy where the people have free and fair elections and can choose between multiple political parties, unlike dictatorships that have usually one party that dominates the other parties or it is the only legally allowed party to rule.
1936:– an organizational method where members of a political party discuss and debate matters of policy and direction and after the decision is made by majority vote, all members are expected to follow that decision in public.
2542:
Gagnon, Jean-Paul. 2020. "Democracy with
Adjectives Database, at 3539 entries". Latest entry April 8. Provided by the Foundation for the Philosophy of Democracy and the University of Canberra. Hosted by Cloudstor / Aarnet /
2024:– a proposed form of democracy utilising information technology to allow citizens to propose new policies, "second" proposals and vote on the resulting laws (that are refined by Parliament) in a referendum.
2002:– emphasizes trust in small decentralized units at the municipal government level, possibly using urban secession to establish the formal legal authority to make decisions made at this local level binding.
1681:– a system where only two parties or alliances, typically placed either side of the center, have a realistic chance of winning a majority of votes. Other parties are very minor or solely regional.
1650:– a variant of presidential democracy popularized by U.S. President Andrew Jackson which promoted the strength of the executive branch and the Presidency at the expense of Congressional power.
2008:– a form of democratic government with increased autocracy where citizens exercise their political rights without meaningfully affecting the government's policies, motives, and goals.
1662:, which are groups of politicians with similar views who work together to win elections. Depending on how many major parties exist, a representative democracy can have one of the following
1786:
is a form of government where the values of a particular religion have an effect on laws and policies, often when most of the population is a member of the religion. Examples include:
1531:
Types of democracy can be found across time, space, and language. The foregoing examples are just a few of the thousands of refinements of, and variations on, the central notion of "
2717:
2014:– a left-libertarian formulation of democracy that includes democracy in the social, political, economic, and ecological spheres; primarily due to Greek philosopher
2036:– a form of democratic control whereby voting power is vested in individual citizens who may self-select provisional delegates, rather than elected representatives.
2254:
1839:
2030:– named after American statesman Thomas Jefferson, who believed in equality of political opportunity and opposed to privilege, aristocracy and corruption.
2149:
2154:
1849:
2097:
2269:
1469:
1852:– with an emphasis on freedom based on adversial relationships between individuals and groups as best expressed in democratic judicial systems.
2050:
based predominantly on economic incentives through free markets, a democratic polity and a liberal moral-cultural system which encourages pluralism.
1675:– a system where only one political party can realistically win enough votes to become the government, by itself or in a coalition government.
1714:
is a democracy where the ruler holds a considerable amount of power, but their rule benefits the people. The term was first used by supporters of
2259:
1551:
is a type of democracy where the people govern directly, by voting on laws and policies. It requires wide participation of citizens in politics.
2108:– a democratic system of governance based on consent decision making, circle organization, subsidiarity, and double-linked representation.
2264:
2219:
1845:
2707:
607:
2081:
602:
2090:– type of democracy that focuses on the importance of nurturing and tolerating difference and dissent in decision-making processes.
1707:
to either act as general governmental representatives or to make decisions in specific areas of governance (defense, environment, etc.).
1687:– a system in which multiple political parties have the capacity to gain control of government offices, separately or in coalition.
649:
1520:), promote equal and direct participation in political decisions by all members of the public. Others, including the many variants of
686:
900:
2591:
2334:
1462:
1693:– a system in which universal and periodic elections (by secret ballot) take place without reference to political parties.
1741:, uses a multi-level bottom-up structure based on either small neighborhood governmental districts or contractual communities.
1832:– relies on some degree of disciplined and usually market-informed anticipation of the future, to guide major decisions.
2652:
2685:
1570:
is an arrangement which involves workers making decisions, sharing responsibility and authority in the workplace (see also
2204:
1605:
is a representative democracy with weak or no limits on the power of the elected representatives to rule as they please.
1563:
is a type of direct democracy based on referendums and other devices of empowerment and concretization of popular will.
2339:
2102:
Semi-direct democracy – representative democracy with instruments, elements, and/or features of direct democracy.
1455:
2579:
2374:
2194:
2399:
2329:
2244:
559:
459:
2424:
2309:
1340:
642:
1501:), but may also be applied to other constructs like workplaces, families, community associations, and so forth.
1147:
1102:
1598:, protection for individual liberties and rights, and limitations on the power of the elected representatives.
973:
414:
2501:
2449:
1641:
474:
1640:– a democratic system of government where the head of government is also head of state (typically a
2745:
2712:
2234:
2056:-- a democracy with an elected and removable military leader, a council of elders and a popular assembly.
1996:– theory of democracy involving people having access to subsistence, or equity in living standards.
1987:
1795:
1167:
682:
504:
269:
2546:
988:
635:
1826:
Autocratic
Democracy – where the party of the elected ruler will control the state unilaterally.
2274:
1923:
1885:
2384:
2354:
2344:
1895:
1583:
1521:
738:
539:
384:
244:
2364:
2093:
2075:
1939:
1711:
1513:
1396:
963:
544:
479:
389:
364:
219:
2349:
2159:
2027:
1911:
1829:
1690:
1517:
1411:
978:
369:
359:
326:
254:
209:
189:
170:
110:
100:
95:
75:
19:
2571:
1970:
styles that have become synonymous with socialism; democratic socialists place an emphasis on
2645:
History of
Communication: Normative Theories of the Media: Journalism in Democratic Societies
2521:
2444:
2209:
2189:
2164:
2043:
2021:
1933:
1878:
democracy, alleging that ultimately politicians fight only for the rights of the bourgeoisie.
1672:
1629:
1559:
refers to a direct democracy developed in ancient times in the Greek city-state of Athens. A
1406:
1269:
866:
424:
404:
379:
374:
354:
316:
291:
2526:
2506:
2135:
2059:
1999:
1967:
1959:
1908:– a democracy that limits some rights and freedoms in order to protect its existence.
1771:
1749:
1647:
1615:
1567:
597:
399:
301:
234:
165:
160:
140:
46:
1528:, where decisions are made by elected representatives rather than by the people directly.
8:
2539:
2516:
2511:
2491:
2478:
2473:
2379:
2359:
2324:
2289:
2224:
2179:
2111:
2011:
1983:
1949:
1905:
1881:
1855:
1842:– emphasis on freedom via voluntary and democratically self-governing associations.
1783:
1745:
1637:
1602:
1330:
1239:
1196:
983:
748:
592:
582:
419:
394:
331:
311:
281:
264:
259:
249:
224:
179:
155:
130:
105:
90:
2118:
with democracy. This has encompassed a wide range of left wing ideologies which include
2750:
2625:
2496:
2468:
2279:
2249:
2053:
1993:
1805:
1727:
1684:
1552:
968:
728:
564:
494:
484:
429:
204:
199:
120:
85:
80:
1703:
is a form of government where people are randomly selected from the citizenry through
2648:
2629:
2605:
2575:
2394:
2184:
2174:
2123:
2087:
1790:
1591:
1560:
1498:
1401:
1122:
953:
905:
733:
666:
587:
514:
239:
229:
175:
56:
29:
1632:– parliamentary system of government modeled after that of the United Kingdom.
1586:
is an indirect democracy where sovereignty is held by the people's representatives.
2617:
2483:
2131:
2039:
2033:
2015:
2005:
1979:
1971:
1835:
1761:
1738:
1678:
1544:
1509:
1494:
1234:
1157:
1127:
1001:
743:
723:
524:
519:
469:
296:
184:
145:
135:
115:
2681:
2409:
2389:
2369:
2319:
2199:
1659:
1525:
1445:
1418:
1274:
1264:
1061:
958:
625:
449:
409:
194:
18:"Varieties of democracy" redirects here. For the Swedish research institute, see
2284:
2047:
1734:
1623:
1423:
1354:
1259:
1092:
1006:
554:
444:
214:
1644:) and leads an executive branch that is separate from the legislative branch.
2739:
2404:
2294:
2065:
1927:
1889:
1817:
1800:
1310:
1205:
1107:
1097:
938:
454:
321:
274:
150:
2550:
1622:) appoints the executive branch (typically a cabinet), which is headed by a
1618:– a democratic system of government where the legislative branch (the
51:
2621:
2419:
2299:
1915:
1899:
1663:
1359:
1286:
1280:
1254:
1249:
1225:
1215:
1152:
1041:
861:
785:
1485:
refers to the various governance structures that embody the principles of
2239:
1875:
1715:
1595:
1364:
1349:
1291:
1162:
1026:
825:
820:
800:
790:
780:
434:
125:
1440:
620:
2434:
2314:
2119:
2105:
2069:
1922:, is central to legitimate decision making. It adopts elements of both
1871:
1867:
1863:
1766:
1619:
1490:
1489:("rule by the people") in some way. Democracy is frequently applied to
1369:
1325:
1320:
1315:
1301:
1142:
933:
815:
810:
674:
509:
439:
306:
2439:
2429:
2414:
2304:
2214:
2169:
2115:
1975:
1963:
1704:
1571:
1486:
1172:
1066:
1056:
1051:
1036:
1031:
1021:
895:
856:
845:
840:
830:
795:
763:
707:
702:
534:
489:
349:
36:
2229:
2127:
1953:
1859:
1748:
refers to the application of democracy to the workplace (see also
1731:
1700:
1244:
805:
775:
718:
529:
499:
464:
286:
1046:
883:
873:
2647:. The United States: University of Illinois Press. p. 103.
2454:
1505:
1210:
549:
2046:, an economic ideology based on a tripartite arrangement of a
2072:'s "Bloc of Four Classes" theory in post-revolutionary China.
1524:, favor more indirect or procedural approaches to collective
2084:– multi-class rule in which the proletariat dominates.
1919:
2255:
National
Democratic Institute for International Affairs
2150:
Global
Foundation for Democracy and Development (GFDD)
2270:
Office for
Democratic Institutions and Human Rights
2155:
Fundación Global
Democracia y Desarrollo (FUNGLODE)
1956:
which has democracy through elected representatives
2570:Diamond, Larry Jay and Plattner, Marc F. (2006).
1755:
2098:Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front
2737:
2584:
2597:
2260:United Front for Democracy Against Dictatorship
2708:"Why Workplace Democracy Can Be Good Business"
2265:Netherlands Institute for Multiparty Democracy
2220:International Centre for Democratic Transition
1577:
1463:
643:
2549:M. Haas, Why Democracies Flounder and Fail,
2540:Living Database of Democracy with Adjectives
1811:
1609:Types of representative democracy include:
2642:
2574:. p. 168. Johns Hopkins University Press.
1986:and social and economic institutions with
1721:
1626:who is considered the head of government.
1470:
1456:
650:
636:
2551:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-74070-6
1658:Representative democracies often contain
687:List of countries by system of government
2114:– a political system which aligns
1777:
2705:
2667:Rothney, John Alexander Murray (1969).
2564:
2335:World Forum for Democratization in Asia
2738:
2603:
1504:Types of democracy can cluster around
2594:Chapter 1. Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.
2671:. Cornell University Press. p. 293.
2205:The End of History and the Last Man
1594:is a representative democracy with
1538:
13:
2340:World Youth Movement for Democracy
1712:organic or authoritarian democracy
14:
2762:
2720:from the original on 12 July 2012
2706:Rayasam, Renuka (24 April 2008).
2606:"2,234 Descriptions of Democracy"
2375:Direct Action and Democracy Today
2195:Direct Action and Democracy Today
2547:Appendix A: Types of Democracies
2461:
2400:List of direct democracy parties
2245:List of wars between democracies
2068:– Maoist concept based on
1439:
619:
2688:from the original on 2008-07-05
2572:Electoral systems and democracy
2533:
2310:Trustee model of representation
1756:Types based on ethnic influence
603:Latin America and the Caribbean
2699:
2674:
2661:
2636:
1874:refer to liberal democracy as
1508:. Some such types, defined as
1148:Intergovernmental organisation
1103:Separation of church and state
1:
2643:Christians, Clifford (2009).
2557:
2330:World Bank's Inspection Panel
1966:ideologically opposed to the
415:Democracy and economic growth
2713:U.S. News & World Report
2592:Evolutionary Basic Democracy
2502:Non-representative democracy
2450:Rule According to Higher Law
1822:Types of democracy include:
945:(socio-political ideologies)
608:Middle East and North Africa
475:Peaceful transition of power
7:
2235:Jewish and Democratic State
2142:
1914:– in which authentic
1796:Jewish and Democratic State
1013:(socio-economic ideologies)
683:List of forms of government
505:Proportional representation
10:
2767:
2604:Gagnon, Jean-Paul (2018).
2275:Penn, Schoen & Berland
1815:
1578:Representative democracies
17:
2590:Jean-Paul Gagnon (2013).
2042:– another name for
1134:(geo-cultural ideologies)
2488:Interest group democracy
2385:Foucault/Habermas debate
2355:Community of Democracies
2345:Constitutional economics
2096:– ideology of the
1988:workers' self-management
1974:governance in political
1896:Constitutional democracy
1888:rather than traditional
1812:Other types of democracy
1584:representative democracy
1522:representative democracy
560:Wars between democracies
540:Territorial peace theory
385:Democratic confederalism
2669:Bonapartism after Sedan
2365:Democratic Peace Theory
2094:Revolutionary democracy
2076:Participatory democracy
1940:Democratic dictatorship
1722:Types based on location
1616:Parliamentary democracy
1514:participatory democracy
1397:Administrative division
1341:International relations
545:Tyranny of the majority
480:Political demonstration
390:Democratic peace theory
365:Deliberative referendum
2622:10.3167/dt.2018.050107
2350:Cosmopolitan democracy
2028:Jeffersonian democracy
1912:Deliberative democracy
1898:– governed by a
1884:– rule based on
1830:Anticipatory democracy
1638:Presidential democracy
1518:deliberative democracy
370:Democratic backsliding
360:Criticism of democracy
20:Varieties of Democracy
2522:Substantive democracy
2210:Four boxes of liberty
2190:Democratic capitalism
2165:Corsican Constitution
2044:democratic capitalism
2022:Interactive democracy
1934:Democratic centralism
1840:Associative Democracy
1816:Further information:
1778:Religious democracies
1673:Dominant-party system
1630:Westminster democracy
1407:Democratic transition
1270:Self-governing colony
867:Military dictatorship
425:Electoral competition
405:Democratic transition
380:Democratic centralism
375:Democratic capitalism
2527:Third Wave Democracy
2507:Procedural democracy
2136:democratic socialism
2060:Multiparty democracy
2048:market-based economy
2000:Grassroots democracy
1960:Democratic socialism
1926:decision-making and
1772:Herrenvolk democracy
1750:industrial democracy
1648:Jacksonian democracy
1568:industrial democracy
1557:classical democracy,
400:Democratic socialism
2517:Sovereign democracy
2512:Sectarian democracy
2492:Messianic democracy
2479:Consensus democracy
2474:Bhutanese democracy
2380:Empowered democracy
2360:Democracy promotion
2325:Workplace democracy
2290:Potsdam Declaration
2225:Islam and democracy
2180:Democracy promotion
2112:Socialist democracy
2012:Inclusive democracy
1984:means of production
1950:Democratic republic
1906:Defensive democracy
1882:Consensus democracy
1856:Bourgeois democracy
1850:Adversial Democracy
1784:religious democracy
1746:workplace democracy
1691:Non-partisan system
1603:illiberal democracy
1446:Politics portal
1331:Supranational union
1240:Dependent territory
1153:National government
626:Politics portal
420:Democracy promotion
395:Democratic republic
2746:Types of democracy
2497:Monitory democracy
2469:Absolute democracy
2280:Polity data series
2250:Motion (democracy)
2082:People's democracy
2054:Military democracy
1994:Economic democracy
1728:cellular democracy
1685:Multi-party system
1553:Athenian democracy
1483:Types of democracy
565:Waves of democracy
525:Right to candidacy
495:Popular referendum
485:Political equality
355:Citizens' assembly
2654:978-0-252-03423-7
2610:Democratic Theory
2395:Liberal democracy
2185:Democracy Ranking
2175:Democracy Indices
2124:council communism
2088:Radical democracy
1791:Islamic democracy
1660:political parties
1592:liberal democracy
1561:popular democracy
1480:
1479:
1431:
1430:
1402:Democracy indices
1377:
1376:
1180:
1179:
989:Semi-presidential
914:
913:
660:
659:
515:Right to petition
2758:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2703:
2697:
2696:
2694:
2693:
2678:
2672:
2665:
2659:
2658:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2601:
2595:
2588:
2582:
2568:
2484:Guided democracy
2132:social democracy
2040:Market democracy
2034:Liquid democracy
2016:Takis Fotopoulos
2006:Guided democracy
1980:social ownership
1968:Marxist–Leninist
1962:– form of
1836:Associationalism
1762:Ethnic democracy
1739:Fred E. Foldvary
1679:Two-party system
1545:direct democracy
1539:Direct democracy
1510:direct democracy
1472:
1465:
1458:
1444:
1443:
1391:
1390:
1235:Associated state
1193:
1192:
1168:Internationalism
1158:World government
1135:
1014:
946:
927:
926:
901:Free association
888:
849:
768:
711:
699:
698:
662:
661:
652:
645:
638:
624:
623:
520:Right to protest
470:Nomination rules
25:
24:
2766:
2765:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2736:
2735:
2734:
2733:
2723:
2721:
2704:
2700:
2691:
2689:
2680:
2679:
2675:
2666:
2662:
2655:
2641:
2637:
2602:
2598:
2589:
2585:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2536:
2531:
2464:
2459:
2410:Media democracy
2390:Freedom deficit
2370:Democratization
2200:Education Index
2145:
1942:(also known as
1820:
1814:
1780:
1758:
1730:, developed by
1724:
1580:
1549:pure democracy,
1541:
1526:self-governance
1476:
1438:
1433:
1432:
1419:Democratisation
1412:Autocratization
1388:
1380:
1379:
1378:
1335:
1296:
1275:Tributary state
1265:Satellite state
1220:
1190:
1189:Power structure
1182:
1181:
1133:
1132:
1114:
1085:
1071:
1062:Totalitarianism
1012:
1011:
993:
944:
943:
924:
916:
915:
910:
886:
878:
843:
835:
766:
758:
705:
696:
695:Source of power
673:Basic forms of
667:Politics series
656:
618:
613:
612:
578:
570:
569:
450:Majoritarianism
410:Democratization
345:
337:
336:
71:
61:
30:Politics series
23:
12:
11:
5:
2764:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2732:
2731:
2698:
2673:
2660:
2653:
2635:
2596:
2583:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2544:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2529:
2524:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2320:Why Democracy?
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2285:Post-democracy
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2139:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2091:
2085:
2079:
2073:
2063:
2057:
2051:
2037:
2031:
2025:
2019:
2009:
2003:
1997:
1991:
1957:
1947:
1937:
1931:
1909:
1903:
1893:
1879:
1853:
1843:
1833:
1827:
1813:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1803:
1798:
1793:
1779:
1776:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1757:
1754:
1723:
1720:
1697:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1688:
1682:
1676:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1652:
1651:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1624:prime minister
1607:
1606:
1599:
1579:
1576:
1540:
1537:
1493:(ranging from
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1467:
1460:
1452:
1449:
1448:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1428:
1427:
1426:
1424:Hybrid regimes
1421:
1416:
1415:
1414:
1404:
1399:
1389:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1375:
1374:
1373:
1372:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1355:Regional power
1352:
1344:
1343:
1337:
1336:
1334:
1333:
1328:
1323:
1318:
1313:
1305:
1304:
1298:
1297:
1295:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1260:Puppet monarch
1257:
1252:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1229:
1228:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1200:
1199:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1184:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1176:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1137:
1136:
1131:
1130:
1125:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1105:
1095:
1093:State religion
1087:
1086:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1072:
1070:
1069:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1016:
1015:
1010:
1009:
1004:
998:
995:
994:
992:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
964:Constitutional
961:
956:
948:
947:
942:
941:
936:
930:
925:
923:Power ideology
922:
921:
918:
917:
912:
911:
909:
908:
903:
898:
890:
889:
887:(rule by none)
880:
879:
877:
876:
871:
870:
869:
859:
851:
850:
837:
836:
834:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
770:
769:
760:
759:
757:
756:
751:
746:
741:
739:Representative
736:
731:
726:
721:
713:
712:
697:
694:
693:
690:
689:
678:
677:
670:
669:
658:
657:
655:
654:
647:
640:
632:
629:
628:
615:
614:
611:
610:
605:
600:
595:
590:
585:
579:
576:
575:
572:
571:
568:
567:
562:
557:
555:War referendum
552:
547:
542:
537:
532:
527:
522:
517:
512:
507:
502:
497:
492:
487:
482:
477:
472:
467:
462:
457:
452:
447:
445:Libertarianism
442:
437:
432:
427:
422:
417:
412:
407:
402:
397:
392:
387:
382:
377:
372:
367:
362:
357:
352:
346:
344:Related topics
343:
342:
339:
338:
335:
334:
329:
324:
319:
314:
309:
304:
299:
294:
289:
284:
279:
278:
277:
272:
267:
262:
257:
247:
245:Representative
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
202:
197:
192:
187:
182:
173:
168:
163:
158:
153:
148:
143:
138:
133:
128:
123:
118:
113:
108:
103:
98:
93:
88:
83:
78:
72:
67:
66:
63:
62:
60:
59:
54:
49:
43:
40:
39:
33:
32:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2763:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2743:
2741:
2719:
2715:
2714:
2709:
2702:
2687:
2683:
2682:"Category: 2"
2677:
2670:
2664:
2656:
2650:
2646:
2639:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2619:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2600:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2580:9780801884757
2577:
2573:
2567:
2563:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2462:Further types
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2405:Majority rule
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2295:Public sphere
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2147:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2113:
2110:
2107:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2092:
2089:
2086:
2083:
2080:
2077:
2074:
2071:
2067:
2066:New Democracy
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2038:
2035:
2032:
2029:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1972:decentralized
1969:
1965:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1951:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1928:majority rule
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1890:majority rule
1887:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1858:– some
1857:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1823:
1819:
1818:Hybrid regime
1807:
1804:
1802:
1801:Theodemocracy
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1785:
1773:
1770:
1768:
1765:
1763:
1760:
1759:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1742:
1740:
1736:
1733:
1729:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1668:
1667:
1665:
1664:party systems
1661:
1649:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1639:
1636:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1593:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1585:
1575:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1536:
1534:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1484:
1473:
1468:
1466:
1461:
1459:
1454:
1453:
1451:
1450:
1447:
1442:
1437:
1436:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1405:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1384:
1383:
1371:
1368:
1366:
1363:
1361:
1358:
1356:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1332:
1329:
1327:
1324:
1322:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1311:Confederation
1309:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1303:
1300:
1299:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1206:Unitary state
1204:
1203:
1202:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1186:
1185:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1129:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1118:
1117:
1109:
1108:State atheism
1106:
1104:
1101:
1100:
1099:
1098:Secular state
1096:
1094:
1091:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1074:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1038:
1035:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1019:
1018:
1017:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1002:Authoritarian
1000:
999:
997:
996:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
979:Parliamentary
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
951:
950:
949:
940:
937:
935:
932:
931:
929:
928:
920:
919:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
893:
892:
891:
885:
882:
881:
875:
872:
868:
865:
864:
863:
860:
858:
855:
854:
853:
852:
847:
842:
839:
838:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
779:
777:
774:
773:
772:
771:
767:(rule by few)
765:
762:
761:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
740:
737:
735:
732:
730:
727:
725:
722:
720:
717:
716:
715:
714:
709:
704:
701:
700:
692:
691:
688:
685:
684:
680:
679:
676:
672:
671:
668:
664:
663:
653:
648:
646:
641:
639:
634:
633:
631:
630:
627:
622:
617:
616:
609:
606:
604:
601:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
580:
574:
573:
566:
563:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
546:
543:
541:
538:
536:
533:
531:
530:Right to vote
528:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
506:
503:
501:
498:
496:
493:
491:
488:
486:
483:
481:
478:
476:
473:
471:
468:
466:
463:
461:
458:
456:
455:Majority rule
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
436:
433:
431:
428:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
396:
393:
391:
388:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
371:
368:
366:
363:
361:
358:
356:
353:
351:
348:
347:
341:
340:
333:
330:
328:
325:
323:
322:Supermajority
320:
318:
315:
313:
310:
308:
305:
303:
300:
298:
295:
293:
290:
288:
285:
283:
280:
276:
273:
271:
268:
266:
263:
261:
258:
256:
253:
252:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
220:Participatory
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
201:
198:
196:
193:
191:
188:
186:
183:
181:
177:
174:
172:
169:
167:
164:
162:
159:
157:
154:
152:
151:Hybrid regime
149:
147:
144:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
122:
119:
117:
114:
112:
109:
107:
104:
102:
99:
97:
94:
92:
89:
87:
84:
82:
79:
77:
74:
73:
70:
65:
64:
58:
55:
53:
50:
48:
45:
44:
42:
41:
38:
35:
34:
31:
27:
26:
21:
16:
2722:. Retrieved
2711:
2701:
2690:. Retrieved
2676:
2668:
2663:
2644:
2638:
2613:
2609:
2599:
2586:
2566:
2543:Instaclustr.
2534:Bibliography
2300:Ratification
1943:
1916:deliberation
1900:constitution
1846:Adversialism
1821:
1781:
1743:
1725:
1709:
1698:
1657:
1608:
1581:
1565:
1556:
1548:
1542:
1532:
1530:
1503:
1482:
1481:
1360:Middle power
1287:Vassal state
1281:Buffer state
1279:
1255:Puppet state
1250:Protectorate
1226:Client state
1216:Principality
1042:Distributism
984:Presidential
862:Dictatorship
786:Gerontocracy
753:
708:rule by many
681:
665:Part of the
327:Totalitarian
210:Non-partisan
190:Majoritarian
171:Jeffersonian
111:Deliberative
101:Cosmopolitan
96:Conservative
76:Anticipatory
68:
28:Part of the
15:
2553:, June 2018
2240:Kleroterion
2160:Communalism
1918:, not only
1735:libertarian
1716:Bonapartism
1596:rule of law
1491:governments
1365:Great power
1350:Small power
1292:Viceroyalty
1163:Nationalism
1027:Colonialism
1007:Libertarian
969:Directorial
846:rule by one
826:Technocracy
821:Stratocracy
801:Meritocracy
791:Kleptocracy
781:Aristocracy
435:Kleroterion
317:Substantive
292:Semi-direct
2740:Categories
2692:2011-02-12
2616:: 92–113.
2558:References
2445:Subversion
2435:Sociocracy
2315:Vox populi
2120:Trotskyism
2106:Sociocracy
2070:Mao Zedong
1944:democratur
1872:anarchists
1868:socialists
1864:communists
1806:Gaṇasaṅgha
1767:Ethnocracy
1737:economist
1620:parliament
1533:democracy.
1370:Superpower
1326:Superstate
1321:Federation
1316:Devolution
1302:Federalism
1143:City-state
816:Plutocracy
811:Particracy
675:government
598:Historical
510:Referendum
465:Ochlocracy
440:Liberalism
430:Initiative
307:Sociocracy
235:Procedural
205:Multiparty
166:Jacksonian
161:Industrial
141:Grassroots
126:Electronic
2751:Democracy
2724:16 August
2630:149825810
2440:Sortition
2430:Polyarchy
2415:Netocracy
2305:Synoecism
2215:Holacracy
2170:Democracy
2116:socialism
1976:democracy
1964:socialism
1924:consensus
1886:consensus
1876:bourgeois
1705:sortition
1642:president
1572:workplace
1487:democracy
1197:Unitarism
1173:Globalism
1079:Religious
1067:Tribalism
1057:Socialism
1052:Feudalism
1037:Despotism
1032:Communism
1022:Anarchism
959:Communist
906:Stateless
896:Anarchism
857:Despotism
841:Autocracy
831:Theocracy
796:Kritarchy
764:Oligarchy
749:Socialist
703:Democracy
535:Sortition
490:Polyarchy
350:Anarchism
332:Workplace
312:Sovereign
302:Socialist
282:Sectarian
260:Christian
250:Religious
225:Pluralist
180:Illiberal
156:Inclusive
131:Empowered
106:Defensive
91:Consensus
37:Democracy
2718:Archived
2686:Archived
2425:Panarchy
2230:Isonomia
2143:See also
2128:Leninism
1954:republic
1952:–
1860:Marxists
1732:Georgist
1701:demarchy
1245:Dominion
974:Legalist
954:Absolute
939:Republic
934:Monarchy
806:Noocracy
776:Anocracy
729:Economic
719:Demarchy
500:Populism
255:Buddhist
200:Monitory
121:Economic
86:Cellular
81:Athenian
1982:of the
1387:Related
1082:Secular
1047:Fascism
884:Anarchy
874:Tyranny
734:Liberal
265:Islamic
240:Radical
230:Popular
176:Liberal
57:Indices
47:History
2651:
2628:
2578:
2455:Voting
2134:, and
1920:voting
1506:values
1499:global
1211:Empire
1123:Global
754:Others
744:Social
724:Direct
593:Europe
583:Africa
577:Region
550:Voting
460:Motion
297:Social
275:Mormon
270:Jewish
185:Liquid
146:Guided
136:Ethnic
116:Direct
52:Theory
2626:S2CID
1978:with
1848:, or
1838:, or
1555:, or
1547:, or
1516:, or
1495:local
1128:Local
195:Media
69:Types
2726:2010
2649:ISBN
2576:ISBN
2420:Poll
1870:and
1512:(or
588:Asia
287:Semi
215:Oral
2618:doi
1752:).
1710:An
1601:An
1574:).
1566:An
1497:to
2742::
2716:.
2710:.
2684:.
2624:.
2612:.
2608:.
2130:,
2126:,
2122:,
1866:,
1862:,
1782:A
1744:A
1726:A
1718:.
1699:A
1666::
1590:A
1582:A
1543:A
1535:"
178:/
2728:.
2695:.
2657:.
2632:.
2620::
2614:5
2138:.
2018:.
1990:.
1946:)
1930:.
1902:.
1892:.
1471:e
1464:t
1457:v
848:)
844:(
710:)
706:(
651:e
644:t
637:v
22:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.