3236:
2600:
4453:
2653:
3402:
2508:
5592:
5235:
2922:
3849:
3277:
850:
4470:
2209:
5076:
4911:
573:
5495:
2974:
2759:
5515:
3159:
2415:
2169:
5052:
4971:
1799:
994:
5403:
2879:
824:
5019:
1601:
638:
3909:
2248:
4517:
863:
4951:
4697:
1512:
599:
560:
1033:
5556:
2235:
652:
4325:
811:
4757:
928:
4377:
2020:
1111:
4177:
757:
5535:
2087:
2388:
3094:
2864:
2772:
5064:
4541:
3470:
3223:
2318:
2074:
1627:
5455:
5039:
4241:
3691:
3622:
3349:
1825:
1760:
837:
770:
586:
4561:
2336:
244:
4833:
4637:
4197:
4137:
3785:
3637:
2893:
2798:
2785:
2720:
2521:
2495:
2362:
2279:
2047:
2033:
1773:
1098:
3970:
2811:
2573:
1838:
1486:
731:
4617:
4269:
3677:
2666:
2560:
1955:
5571:
5176:
4887:
4053:
2113:
1890:
1864:
1682:
1434:
1137:
1211:
5191:
5091:
4786:
2586:
2222:
2139:
2007:
1877:
1562:
1250:
1224:
1163:
1007:
744:
625:
5343:
4682:
4665:
4429:
3885:
3197:
2935:
2627:
2375:
2196:
1929:
1747:
1588:
1460:
1150:
902:
3953:
1046:
5319:
4721:
4217:
3809:
3550:
3325:
3042:
2733:
2679:
2401:
2183:
1968:
1903:
1812:
1708:
1315:
1198:
1085:
1072:
1059:
1020:
692:
679:
547:
5435:
5272:
4931:
4005:
3929:
3423:
3120:
2824:
2707:
2640:
2482:
2305:
2100:
1525:
1499:
1408:
1276:
1237:
1185:
718:
666:
65:
4742:
4485:
4073:
3184:
3107:
3081:
3068:
2061:
1786:
1575:
1395:
1354:
1124:
915:
612:
5260:
5215:
4293:
4029:
3510:
3055:
2429:
2292:
2126:
1994:
1942:
1916:
1669:
1381:
1302:
798:
5475:
5420:
3650:
3590:
3490:
1473:
5299:
5248:
4802:
4157:
3829:
3704:
3663:
3570:
3146:
3133:
2534:
2349:
2261:
1981:
1851:
1734:
1695:
1614:
1447:
1421:
5111:
1289:
4774:
3210:
3301:
1263:
167:
24:
5155:
4353:
3530:
3373:
2995:
2837:
2746:
1341:
784:
889:
4995:
4409:
2614:
1721:
5363:
3985:
2850:
2547:
5284:
4097:
1367:
5131:
4589:
4117:
1328:
876:
705:
6993:
some authors have inserted distinctive features into their analytical approaches, at the same time maintaining the general dichotomy. Maurice
Duverger, trying to explain the French Fifth Republic, found that this dichotomy was not adequate for this purpose. He therefore resorted to the concept of 'semi-presidential government': The characteristics of the concept are (Duverger 1974: 122, 1978: 28, 1980: 166):
6165:, on the grounds of appointment to work in a certain capacity in the service of the Holy See and usually ceases upon cessation of the appointment. Citizenship is also extended to the spouse and children of a citizen, provided they are living together in the city; in practice, these are few in number, since the bulk of Vatican citizens are
2462:, with the latter two being responsible to the legislature. It differs from a parliamentary system in that it has an executive president independent from the legislature; and from the presidential system in that the cabinet, although named by the president, is responsible to the legislature, which may force the cabinet to resign through a
7193:
powers are especially relevant if an extraordinary majority is required to override a veto, as in
Mongolia, Poland, and Senegal. In these cases, while the government is fully accountable to Parliament, it cannot legislate without taking the potentially different policy preferences of the president into account.
7099:
power that results from the dominant institutional practice, the latter is the totality of the rules for the dominant institutional practice of power. In this way, France appears as 'presidentialist system' endowed with a 'semi-presidential regime' (1983: 587). By this standard, he recognizes
Duverger's
5942:
Per the
Constitution, Kiribati's president is elected by plurality voting after candidates for the presidency are nominated by the newly elected legislature. If a vote of no confidence against the president is successful, they are removed from office and the legislature stands dissolved (triggering a
7098:
Duhamel has developed the approach further: He stresses that the French construction does not correspond to either parliamentary or the presidential form of government, and then develops the distinction of 'système politique' and 'régime constitutionnel'. While the former comprises the exercise of
6992:
The conventional analysis of government in democratic countries by political science and constitutional law starts from the traditional types of presidentialism and parliamentarism. There is, however, a general consensus that governments in the various countries work quite differently. This is why
1549:
is either elected by the legislature or by the voters from among candidates nominated by the legislature (in the case of
Kiribati), and they must maintain the confidence of the legislature to remain in office. In effect, "presidents" in this system function the same as prime ministers do in other
7192:
Even if the president has no discretion in the forming of cabinets or the right to dissolve parliament, his or her constitutional authority can be regarded as 'quite considerable' in
Duverger's sense if cabinet legislation approved in parliament can be blocked by the people's elected agent. Such
6849:
The concept of a semi-presidential form of government, as used here, is defined only by the content of the constitution. A political regime is considered semi-presidential if the constitution which established it combines three elements: (1) the president of the republic is elected by universal
7928: 2012-11-29. "Taking into consideration that the Executive Committee of the Palestine Liberation Organization, in accordance with a decision by the Palestine National Council, is entrusted with the powers and responsibilities of the Provisional Government of the State of Palestine"
7485:
In China, the political job that matters most is the general secretary of the
Communist Party. The party controls the military and domestic security forces and sets the policies that the government carries out. China's presidency lacks the authority of the American and French
2159:
The following countries have presidential systems where the post of prime minister (official title may vary) exists alongside that of the president. The president is still both the head of state and government and the prime minister's role is mostly to assist the president.
2913:
A combined head of state and head of government (usually titled president) is elected by the legislature but is not held accountable to it (as is their cabinet), thus acting more independently from the legislature. They may or may not also hold a seat in the legislature.
6912:
961:
and (in full parliamentary republics) is separate from the head of government, serving a largely apolitical, ceremonial role. In these systems, the head of government is usually called the prime minister, chancellor or premier. In mixed republican systems and
6850:
suffrage, (2) he possesses quite considerable powers; (3) he has opposite him, however, a prime minister and ministers who possess executive and governmental power and can stay in office only if the parliament does not show its opposition to them.
5943:
new election for it) in the interim a body known as the "Council of State" (comprising the chief justice, the president of the public service commission and speaker of the legislature) serves the functions of the presidency.
7448:
5933:
The president is constitutionally obligated to dissolve parliament after a successful no-confidence motion against the government (article 106(6)) and new elections are called within 3 months (article 61).
6125:, a seven-member executive council which acts as both the head of state and the head of government, with the position traditionally rotating yearly among the members of the council in order of seniority.
5662:
1656:, and is elected and remains in office independently of the legislature. There is generally no prime minister, although if one exists, in most cases they serve purely at the discretion of the president.
7812:
539:
who normally only exercises their powers with the consent of the government, the people and/or their representatives (except in emergencies, e.g. a constitutional crisis or a political deadlock).
2956:, a council jointly exercises the powers and ceremonial roles of both the head of state and the head of government collectively. The council is elected by the parliament but is not subject to
3176:
Specifically, monarchies in which the monarch's exercise of power is unconstrained by any substantive constitutional law. The monarch acts as both head of state and head of government.
5900:), much like a prime minister. If a vote of no confidence is successful and they do not resign, it triggers the dissolution of the legislature and new elections (per section 92 of the
6134:
A federal absolute monarchy in which, different monarchies, or in this case, sheikhdoms fulfill both the duty of president and prime minister, although in actuality they are monarchs.
3871:
6056:
3747:(sub-national units) exercise only the powers that the central government chooses to delegate. The majority of states in the world have a unitary system of government. Of the 193
5789:
In many cases, the
Governor-General or monarch has a lot more theoretical, or constitutional, powers than they actually exercise, except on the advice of elected officials, per
7640:
7338:
969:
In some full parliamentary systems, the head of state is directly elected by voters. Under other classification systems, however, these systems may instead be classed as
6999:
3. he has opposite him a prime minister who possesses executive and governmental powers and can stay in office only if parliament does not express its opposition to him.
6155:. His power within the Vatican City State is unlimited by any constitution; however, as all its citizens and its residents are ordained Catholic clergy, members of the
531:, while in other cases the executive branch is clearly separated from legislature (although the entire cabinet or individual ministers must step down in the case of a
82:
37:
7472:
4395:
7889:
5612:
7690:
7633:
5863:
Despite having a collective head of state, Bosnia and
Herzegovina's head of state is ceremonial, and as such is not executively governed by a directorial system.
977:
with presidents being purely ceremonial and neutral with no broad powers usually do not have a directly elected head of state and instead often use either an
7804:
6791:
129:
4961:
3034:
The prime minister is the nation's active executive, but the monarch still has considerable political powers that can be used at their own discretion.
101:
5885:
Despite having a collective head of state, San Marino's head of state is ceremonial, and as such is not executively governed by a directorial system.
5801:
of the armed forces), although they seldom ever use this power, except on the advice of elected officials, especially the PM, which makes the PM the
4707:
7330:
6216:
6191:
445:
108:
7206:
6183:
3875:
320:: Executive president is independent of the legislature; head of government is appointed by the president and is accountable to the legislature
43:
7835:
7526:
3777:
has delegated some of its powers to regional authorities, but where constitutional authority ultimately remains entirely at a national level.
5672:
4981:
4019:
4015:
6032:
5790:
4343:
115:
4187:
3335:
2327:
3462:. Constitutional provisions for government are suspended in these states; constitutional forms of government are stated in parentheses.
7744:
7552:
4463:
97:
7119:
7997:
6166:
5783:(PM) is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. These countries may be known as "
3363:
7939:
4039:
3867:
2699:
In a president-parliamentary system, the prime minister and cabinet are dually accountable to the president and the legislature.
7287:
6966:
6829:
3795:
6064:
6060:
6048:
4575:
7863:
7462:
6110:
5525:
3441:
3339:
7881:
6228:
5667:
5333:
5029:
4921:
4227:
3819:
3748:
3387:
3383:
438:
6903:
6625:
7407:
7358:
6091:
in the additional articles will terminate them in the event of a hypothetical resumption of ROC rule in
Mainland China.
6080:
6068:
5976:
4651:
4499:
3291:
973:
as presidents are always attached to a political party and may have broad powers (despite their weak presidency). Full
122:
6173:. Some individuals are also authorized to reside in the city but do not qualify or choose not to request citizenship.)
5771:
as head of state, who presides over an independent government. The Monarch is titled separately in each country (e.g.
7992:
6921:
5597:
4339:
3839:
3614:
States that have a system of government that is in transition or turmoil. These regimes lack a constitutional basis.
3391:
3315:
228:
210:
148:
51:
6215:
in 2021, the Islamic Republic continues to hold Afghanistan's seat at the United Nations, with the newly reinstated
3759:
States in which most power is exercised by the central government. What local authorities do exist have few powers.
192:
6072:
5353:
4811:
3407:
2513:
855:
184:
4475:
7910:
6232:
5141:
4767:
4603:
4599:
2474:
In a premier-presidential system, the prime minister and cabinet are exclusively accountable to the legislature.
6039:
being the country's leading political figure despite nominally being ranked third according to the Constitution.
7432:
6763:
6713:
6260:
5240:
4443:
3799:
2957:
2927:
512:; the existence of their office and their ability to exercise their authority is established and restrained by
431:
177:
86:
7370:
6798:
6394:
5768:
5445:
4747:
4335:
4311:
3560:
7662:
7248:
Kudelia, Serhiy (4 May 2018). "Presidential activism and government termination in dual-executive Ukraine".
5695:
only to be used in certain circumstances in accordance with their responsibility to defend the constitution.
4458:
2658:
7721:
6663:
6338:
5585:
5205:
4527:
4391:
1649:
958:
7159:
6419:
6366:
6159:, or their immediate family, they arguably have consented to obey the Pope or are minors. (Citizenship is
7987:
6866:
6500:
5996:
5385:
4231:
3863:
3437:
457:
330:: Head of government (president or directory) is elected by the legislature, but is not accountable to it
7775:
6550:
3751:, 126 are governed as centralized unitary states, and an additional 40 are regionalized unitary states.
6600:
6575:
5956:
5917:
4819:
4607:
4399:
4182:
3580:
3480:
3433:
3359:
2455:
317:
6475:
7463:"Ending Term Limits for China's Xi Is a Big Deal. Here's Why. – Is the presidency powerful in China?"
7217:
7049:
6525:
6236:
5794:
5009:
4551:
3003:
combines the forms of a presidential republic, with a president elected by universal suffrage, and a
970:
7155:
7115:
6738:
6297:
7078:
6000:
5980:
5960:
5921:
5901:
5393:
5389:
4735:
4571:
4279:
3919:
2214:
464:
6447:
7316:
6646:
6024:
3895:
3744:
3311:
3287:
2463:
2270:
356:
267:
188:
75:
3261:
whose operations are largely fused with the government hierarchy (in contrast to states where a
389:: Committee of military leaders controls the government; constitutional provisions are suspended
7213:
6208:
6052:
6028:
5549:
5505:
4976:
4897:
4879:. The central government may or may not be (in theory) a creation of the regional governments.
4627:
4419:
4315:
4251:
4087:
4063:
3008:
999:
974:
946:
509:
396:
346:
277:
3267:
this fusion is achieved anyway through election fraud or underdeveloped multi-party traditions
7749:
7085:
6152:
6122:
6084:
6036:
5465:
5408:
4843:
4647:
4439:
4207:
4147:
3600:
3540:
3520:
3500:
3266:
3015:. Candidates for both the Assembly of Experts and the presidency are vetted by the appointed
2764:
829:
532:
7103:
as semi-presidential regimes, as well as Poland, Romania, Bulgaria and Lithuania (1993: 87).
1175:
7840:
6278:
5992:
5972:
5842:
5718:
5638:
5520:
5165:
4127:
3458:
A committee of the nation's military leaders controls the government for the duration of a
3164:
2459:
1551:
963:
484:
476:
256:
7331:"Chad's Proposed New Constitution: Between Hopes for Refoundation and an Uncertain Future"
6083:
and replaced Legislative Yuan confirmation for Premieral appointments with a conventional
984:
8:
7922:
7130:
6013:
5952:
5913:
5709:
5650:
5581:
5377:
5101:
4815:
4702:
4675:
4495:
4083:
3012:
1645:
1546:
1517:
1077:
565:
293:
7716:
7667:
7265:
6983:
6843:
6824:
6320:
6116:
5798:
5784:
5309:
5201:
4872:
4731:
4604:
15 communities of common-regime, 1 community of chartered regime, 3 chartered provinces
4303:
3963:
3939:
3859:
3774:
3740:
3682:
3459:
3262:
2962:
2953:
1804:
1653:
966:, the head of government also serves as head of state and is usually titled president.
950:
513:
468:
298:
Head of government (president) is popularly elected and independent of the legislature
7805:"Afghan Taliban Administration, Myanmar Junta Not Allowed Into United Nations for Now"
7371:"Micronesia (Federated States of)'s Constitution of 1978 with Amendments through 1990"
7428:
7403:
7269:
6987:
6935:
6927:
6917:
6324:
6316:
6298:"Presidentialism, Parliamentarism and Semi-Presidentialism: Bringing Parties Back In"
6195:
6144:
6079:. The additional articles made the President directly elected by the citizens of the
6020:
5830:
5779:(GG) to each country other than the United Kingdom to act as his representative. The
5772:
5373:
5329:
5121:
4941:
4283:
4167:
4010:
3995:
2966:(first among equals) capacity and has no powers over other members of the directory.
2240:
1281:
978:
366:
7359:
https://www.venice.coe.int/webforms/documents/default.aspx?pdffile=CDL-AD(2017)010-e
4985:
7580:
7527:"Gabon army officers say they have seized power after election in oil-rich country"
7257:
7174:
7029:
6975:
6899:
6838:
6312:
6076:
6071:, which is the ceremonial figurehead of the state. Executive power rested with the
5854:
Collective presidency consisting of three members; one for each major ethnic group.
5776:
5722:
5705:
5646:
5642:
5561:
5225:
5181:
5005:
4823:
4795:
4330:
4259:
4107:
3022:
3016:
1606:
816:
524:
342:
7261:
7607:
7498:
5873:
5838:
5485:
5381:
5169:
5145:
4875:
shares power with regional governments with which it has legal or constitutional
4522:
4363:
3413:
3258:
2960:
during its fixed term. The president is a member of the directorial council in a
2605:
1116:
868:
376:
261:
Head of government is elected or nominated by and accountable to the legislature
7179:
7034:
7017:
7467:
7074:
6961:
6862:
6170:
5780:
5618:
4847:
4762:
3768:
3736:
3011:
who is ultimately responsible for state policy, chosen for life by the elected
1038:
953:
is selected or nominated by the legislature and is also accountable to it. The
933:
520:
488:
386:
6964:(October 1998). "Duverger's concept: Semi-presidential government revisited".
7981:
6939:
6931:
6194:, who is the most powerful figure in the political system. For more info see
6088:
5894:
The president is elected by parliament and holds a parliamentary seat (as an
5692:
5634:
5540:
5277:
5069:
4579:
4367:
3730:
3099:
2869:
2777:
2092:
954:
505:
307:
6979:
6692:
5663:
List of countries by date of transition to a republican system of government
7940:"Yemen president cedes powers to council as Saudi Arabia pushes to end war"
7754:
6075:, who is nominated and appointed by the president, with the consent of the
5822:
4901:
4546:
3943:
3475:
3241:
3228:
2420:
2323:
2079:
1632:
657:
527:
of government. In some cases, the prime minister is also the leader of the
6279:"Europe :: Norway — The World Factbook – Central Intelligence Agency"
5829:
are under the sovereignty of the Monarch of New Zealand as self-governing
6156:
5624:
5500:
5460:
5413:
5253:
4566:
4382:
4246:
4043:
3914:
3696:
3627:
3354:
2979:
2341:
2253:
2025:
1830:
1176:
Parliamentary republics with indirectly elected ceremonial heads of state
842:
775:
762:
591:
528:
7400:
The Middle East Today: Political, Geographical and Cultural Perspectives
7160:"Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns"
7120:"Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive and Mixed Authority Patterns"
7079:"Semi-Presidentialism-Duverger's Concept — A New Political System Model"
7018:"Semi-Presidential Systems: Dual Executive And Mixed Authority Patterns"
4876:
287:
7634:"Electing Presidents in Presidential and Semi-Presidential Democracies"
7608:"Assimi Goïta: President gets sweeping powers in new Mali constitution"
6867:"Semi-Presidentialism-Duverger's concept: A New Political System Model"
6187:
5896:
5714:
5630:
5545:
4866:
4838:
4642:
4387:
4202:
4142:
3790:
3642:
2898:
2816:
2803:
2790:
2725:
2578:
2526:
2500:
2367:
2284:
2052:
2038:
1843:
1778:
1491:
1103:
985:
Parliamentary republics with directly elected ceremonial heads of state
736:
249:
6916:(in French). No. 78. Paris: Éditions du Seuil. pp. 107–120.
1540:
243:
7581:"Guinea coup attempt: Soldiers claim to seize power from Alpha Condé"
5576:
5289:
4916:
4892:
4622:
4274:
4058:
3004:
2671:
2565:
2118:
1960:
1895:
1869:
1687:
1439:
1142:
578:
480:
338:
5833:
with New Zealand. New Zealand and its associated states, along with
5081:
3899:
195:. Statements consisting only of original research should be removed.
64:
7874:
7691:"Niger soldiers say President Bazoum's government has been removed"
7611:
7584:
7503:
6913:
Pouvoirs, revue française d'études constitutionnelles et politiques
6147:
absolute monarchy and a Roman Catholic theocracy; its monarch, the
5803:
5348:
5196:
5096:
4851:
4791:
4687:
4670:
4655:
4507:
4434:
3890:
3202:
2940:
2632:
2591:
2380:
2227:
2201:
2174:
2144:
2012:
1934:
1882:
1752:
1593:
1567:
1465:
1255:
1229:
1216:
1168:
1155:
1012:
907:
749:
630:
422:
7663:"Myanmar Junta's Political Prisoners Since Coup Now Number 10,000"
6995:
1. the president of the republic is elected by universal suffrage,
6764:"South Africa's Constitution of 1996 with Amendments through 2012"
3975:
1659:
1545:
A combined head of state and head of government in the form of an
7557:
6212:
5834:
5440:
5324:
5116:
5057:
5044:
4956:
4936:
4779:
4726:
4531:
4255:
4222:
3958:
3934:
3814:
3555:
3428:
3330:
3125:
3047:
2829:
2738:
2712:
2684:
2645:
2487:
2406:
2310:
2188:
2105:
1973:
1908:
1817:
1765:
1713:
1530:
1504:
1413:
1320:
1294:
1242:
1203:
1190:
1090:
1064:
1051:
1025:
723:
697:
684:
671:
604:
552:
536:
472:
414:
7290:[Atypical presidential and semi-presidential systems].
5368:
5265:
5220:
5024:
5000:
4711:
4490:
4414:
4298:
4078:
4034:
3990:
3515:
3189:
3112:
3086:
3073:
3060:
2884:
2855:
2619:
2552:
2434:
2297:
2154:
2131:
2066:
1999:
1947:
1921:
1791:
1726:
1674:
1580:
1400:
1386:
1359:
1307:
1129:
920:
894:
803:
643:
617:
7836:"EU: Provisional Taliban government does not fulfill promises"
7641:
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance
7553:"Army colonel on Guinean TV says govt dissolved, borders shut"
7339:
International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance
7127:
Graduate School of International Relations and Pacific Studies
6664:"Kiribati's Constitution of 1979 with Amendments through 1995"
6339:"Bulgaria's Constitution of 1991 with Amendments through 2015"
379:: Power is constitutionally linked to a single political party
6448:"Ireland's Constitution of 1937 with Amendments through 2012"
6420:"Iceland's Constitution of 1944 with Amendments through 2013"
6367:"Croatia's Constitution of 1991 with Amendments through 2010"
5767:
One of fifteen constitutional monarchies which recognize the
5480:
5425:
5354:
4 provinces, 2 autonomous territories and 1 federal territory
5304:
5136:
4807:
4594:
4162:
4122:
4102:
3854:
3834:
3709:
3668:
3655:
3595:
3575:
3495:
3282:
3151:
3138:
2539:
2354:
2266:
1986:
1856:
1739:
1700:
1619:
1478:
1452:
1426:
1372:
1333:
881:
710:
7745:"Analysis: Year post-coup, cracks in Sudan's military junta"
6825:"A New Political System Model: Semi-Presidential Government"
7947:
6190:; however, since 1993, the presidency has been held by the
6148:
5826:
5645:
acting as its collective "president", and also elements of
5160:
4358:
4307:
3535:
3378:
3306:
3215:
3000:
2842:
2751:
2393:
1346:
1268:
789:
5691:
Some monarchs are given a limited number of discretionary
405: Dependent territories and places without governments
359:: Monarch holds significant executive or legislative power
7460:
7292:
Uchenyye Zapiski Kazanskogo Gosudarstvennogo Universiteta
6693:"CONSTITUTION OF THE CO-OPERATIVE REPUBLIC OF GUYANA ACT"
5797:
makes the GG the head of the executive branch (including
6087:, superseding the ordinary constitutional provisions. A
5613:
List of European Union member states by political system
5629:(unique), but others arguing that it has features of a
981:
or a vote in the legislature to appoint the president.
6647:"San Marino: Freedom in the World 2021 Country Report"
7451:" (in Italian). Vatican City State. 11 February 2011.
7328:
7288:"Атипичные президентские и полупрезидентские системы"
399:: No constitutionally defined basis to current regime
7967:
For a more detailed discussion, see John McCormick,
7207:"Semi-Presidentialism and Democratisation in Poland"
5763:
5761:
5759:
5757:
5755:
5753:
5751:
2458:
a president exists alongside a prime minister and a
6959:
6207:Afghanistan: As of December 2022, despite the
5749:
5747:
5745:
5743:
5741:
5739:
5737:
5735:
5733:
5731:
1541:
Parliamentary republics with an executive president
327:
89:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2694:
288:Parliamentary republic with an executive president
6953:
3029:
2908:
349:holds significant executive and legislative power
7979:
7689:Aksar, Moussa; Balima, Boureima (27 July 2023).
7499:"Burkina Faso military says it has seized power"
7084:. Department of Education, School of Education,
6658:
6656:
6192:General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party
5728:
3719:
7938:Ghobari, Mohamed; Tolba, Ahmed (8 April 2022).
7402:. London and New York: Routledge. p. 155.
2469:
1660:Presidential republics without a prime minister
4962:three regions and three linguistic communities
3762:
2449:
7971:(Palgrave Macmillan, 2011), Chapters 1 and 2.
7454:
6997:2. he possesses quite considerable powers and
6653:
5673:List of current heads of state and government
3754:
439:
7937:
7606:Booty, Natasha; Pivac, Mark (23 July 2023).
6892:
6816:
6690:
5817:
5815:
5813:
3716:Non-UN members or observers are in italics.
3450:Non-UN members or observers are in italics.
2905:Non-UN members or observers are in italics.
2691:Non-UN members or observers are in italics.
2441:Non-UN members or observers are in italics.
2155:Presidential republics with a prime minister
2151:Non-UN members or observers are in italics.
1537:Non-UN members or observers are in italics.
499:
7904:
7688:
7631:
7461:Chris Buckley and Adam Wu (10 March 2018).
7148:
6219:remaining unrecognized by the organization.
6160:
6114:
6055:; the semi-presidential system is based on
5622:
479:. This list does not measure the degree of
420:
412:
98:"List of countries by system of government"
52:Learn how and when to remove these messages
7605:
7281:
7279:
6874:Journal for Humanities and Social Sciences
4988:that is a condominium of the two entities)
4396:113 other provinces and independent cities
3609:
940:
446:
432:
7924:Status of Palestine in the United Nations
7198:
7178:
7033:
7016:Shugart, Matthew Søberg (December 2005).
6855:
6842:
5810:
5721:who have their interests known through a
5653:acting as its executive and bureaucracy.
229:Learn how and when to remove this message
211:Learn how and when to remove this message
149:Learn how and when to remove this message
7449:Law on citizenship, residence and access
7329:Leubnoudji Tan Nathan (4 October 2023).
6898:
6822:
6476:"Moldova (Republic of) 1994 (rev. 2016)"
4502:(one of which is a partially recognized
3739:governed as a single power in which the
3336:People's Front for Democracy and Justice
494:
242:
7862:Shaikh, Emran Hossain (7 August 2024).
7802:
7742:
7660:
7625:
7397:
7285:
7276:
7247:
7154:
7114:
7015:
7011:
7009:
7007:
6231:between the internationally recognized
6176:
5999:are elected directly by the people via
5979:are elected directly by the people via
5959:are elected directly by the people via
5920:are elected directly by the people via
2947:
1639:
7980:
7861:
7803:Nichols, Michelle (15 December 2022).
6967:European Journal of Political Research
6960:Bahro, Horst; Bayerlein, Bernhard H.;
6830:European Journal of Political Research
3290:leads eight minor political parties) (
3171:
2986:
248:World's states coloured by systems of
7882:"Dr Yunus-led interim govt legal: SC"
7815:from the original on 22 December 2022
7714:
7661:Paddock, Richard C. (31 March 2022).
7204:
7108:
7073:
6861:
6792:"CONSTITUIÇÃO DA REPÚBLICA DE ANGOLA"
6295:
6094:
6061:Constitution of the Republic of China
5617:The exact political character of the
7833:
7632:Abebe, Adem; Bulmer, Elliot (2019).
7004:
6906:[The Republican Monarchies]
5872:Their two-person head of state, the
5621:is debated, some arguing that it is
160:
87:adding citations to reliable sources
58:
17:
7892:from the original on 10 August 2024
7717:"Junta and Public at Odds in Sudan"
7422:
6714:"Marshall Islands 1979 (rev. 1995)"
5668:List of political systems in France
5030:ten provinces and three territories
3253:States in which political power is
3248:
13:
7475:from the original on 12 March 2018
6844:10.1111/j.1475-6765.1980.tb00569.x
6222:
6201:
6137:
6128:
6103:
6006:
5879:
5698:
3998:, of which 5 are overseas regions)
3453:
14:
8009:
7864:"Interim govt: What the law says"
7834:Choi, Joseph (8 September 2021).
7743:Jeffrey, Jack (23 October 2022).
6626:"San Marino: Constitution - 1974"
6395:"Czech Republic 1993 (rev. 2013)"
5606:
5598:Federal Dependencies of Venezuela
5102:10 regions and 2 chartered cities
4066:, of which 9 have special status)
3724:
2514:Congo, Democratic Republic of the
2444:
33:This article has multiple issues.
7715:Gavin, Michelle (8 April 2022).
7212:. School of Law and Government,
6317:10.1111/j.1477-7053.2011.01345.x
6296:Elgie, Robert (2 January 2013).
5590:
5569:
5554:
5533:
5513:
5493:
5473:
5453:
5433:
5418:
5401:
5361:
5341:
5317:
5297:
5282:
5270:
5258:
5246:
5233:
5213:
5189:
5174:
5153:
5129:
5109:
5089:
5074:
5062:
5050:
5037:
5017:
4993:
4969:
4949:
4929:
4909:
4885:
4831:
4800:
4784:
4772:
4755:
4740:
4719:
4695:
4680:
4663:
4635:
4615:
4587:
4559:
4539:
4515:
4483:
4468:
4451:
4427:
4407:
4375:
4351:
4323:
4291:
4267:
4239:
4215:
4195:
4175:
4155:
4135:
4115:
4095:
4071:
4051:
4027:
4003:
3983:
3968:
3951:
3927:
3907:
3883:
3872:2 special administrative regions
3847:
3827:
3807:
3783:
3702:
3689:
3675:
3661:
3648:
3635:
3620:
3588:
3568:
3548:
3528:
3508:
3488:
3468:
3421:
3408:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
3400:
3371:
3347:
3323:
3299:
3275:
3234:
3221:
3208:
3195:
3182:
3157:
3144:
3131:
3118:
3105:
3092:
3079:
3066:
3053:
3040:
2993:
2972:
2933:
2920:
2891:
2877:
2862:
2848:
2835:
2822:
2809:
2796:
2783:
2770:
2757:
2744:
2731:
2718:
2705:
2677:
2664:
2651:
2638:
2625:
2612:
2598:
2584:
2571:
2558:
2545:
2532:
2519:
2506:
2493:
2480:
2427:
2413:
2399:
2386:
2373:
2360:
2347:
2334:
2316:
2303:
2290:
2277:
2259:
2246:
2233:
2220:
2207:
2194:
2181:
2167:
2137:
2124:
2111:
2098:
2085:
2072:
2059:
2045:
2031:
2018:
2005:
1992:
1979:
1966:
1953:
1940:
1927:
1914:
1901:
1888:
1875:
1862:
1849:
1836:
1823:
1810:
1797:
1784:
1771:
1758:
1745:
1732:
1719:
1706:
1693:
1680:
1667:
1625:
1612:
1599:
1586:
1573:
1560:
1523:
1510:
1497:
1484:
1471:
1458:
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1432:
1419:
1406:
1393:
1379:
1365:
1352:
1339:
1326:
1313:
1300:
1287:
1274:
1261:
1248:
1235:
1222:
1209:
1196:
1183:
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1122:
1109:
1096:
1083:
1070:
1057:
1044:
1031:
1018:
1005:
992:
975:parliamentary republican systems
926:
913:
900:
887:
874:
861:
856:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
848:
835:
822:
809:
796:
782:
768:
755:
742:
729:
716:
703:
690:
677:
664:
650:
636:
623:
610:
597:
584:
571:
558:
545:
165:
63:
22:
7998:Countries by form of government
7961:
7931:
7911:United Nations General Assembly
7855:
7827:
7796:
7768:
7736:
7708:
7682:
7654:
7599:
7573:
7545:
7519:
7491:
7441:
7416:
7391:
7363:
7352:
7322:
7310:
7241:
7235:
7067:
7042:
6784:
6756:
6731:
6706:
6684:
6639:
6618:
6593:
6568:
6543:
6518:
6493:
6468:
6440:
6412:
6387:
6359:
6331:
6233:Presidential Leadership Council
6073:President of the Executive Yuan
6042:
5986:
5966:
5946:
5936:
5927:
5907:
5888:
5866:
4400:17 other non-autonomous regions
4040:7 decentralized administrations
3868:4 province-level municipalities
3629:Afghanistan, Islamic Emirate of
3388:Front for National Construction
2695:President-parliamentary systems
504:These are systems in which the
419:systems of government, not the
74:needs additional citations for
41:or discuss these issues on the
7776:"Sudan's Constitution of 2005"
7425:Political Parties of The World
6904:"Les monarchies républicaines"
6289:
6271:
6253:
6027:, however behaves more like a
5857:
5848:
5685:
5241:Federated States of Micronesia
4922:six states and ten territories
4256:1 self-administering territory
4232:2 autonomous territorial units
4150:, 3 cities with region rights)
3743:is ultimately supreme and any
3030:Semi-constitutional monarchies
2928:Federated States of Micronesia
2909:Assembly-independent republics
964:directorial republican systems
1:
7262:10.1080/1060586X.2018.1465251
6246:
6057:temporary additional articles
5775:), and notionally appoints a
5769:Monarch of the United Kingdom
4860:
3720:Systems of internal structure
3561:assembly-independent republic
456:For further information, see
369:: Monarch has unlimited power
328:Assembly-independent republic
7722:Council on Foreign Relations
6551:"Singapore 1963 (rev. 2016)"
6151:, is the head of the global
6023:according to the country's
5876:, serve for six month terms.
5552:, and one federal district:
4736:2 cities with special status
4260:2 states in free association
4110:, of which 5 are autonomous)
3944:2 self-governing territories
3384:People's Revolutionary Party
2470:Premier-presidential systems
357:Semi-constitutional monarchy
7:
7180:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087
7035:10.1057/palgrave.fp.8200087
6633:Peaceful Assembly Worldwide
6601:"Slovenia 1991 (rev. 2013)"
6576:"Slovakia 1992 (rev. 2017)"
5656:
5332:and one federal territory:
4714:, 3 boroughs, and 2 cities)
4344:1 national capital district
4044:1 autonomous monastic state
3763:Regionalized unitary states
2450:Semi-presidential republics
458:List of forms of government
303: Presidential republic
280:with a ceremonial president
191:the claims made and adding
10:
8014:
5831:states in free association
5610:
4864:
4183:Kingdom of the Netherlands
3855:People's Republic of China
3766:
3755:Centralized unitary states
3728:
3581:semi-presidential republic
3481:semi-presidential republic
3362:leads two minor parties) (
3020:
2456:semi-presidential republic
535:). The head of state is a
523:is the active head of the
455:
318:Semi-presidential republic
7427:. Stockton. p. 599.
7398:Stewart, Dona J. (2013).
7378:www.constituteproject.org
7054:www.constituteproject.org
7050:"Poland 1997 (rev. 2009)"
6771:www.constituteproject.org
6743:www.constituteproject.org
6718:www.constituteproject.org
6671:www.constituteproject.org
6605:www.constituteproject.org
6580:www.constituteproject.org
6555:www.constituteproject.org
6530:www.constituteproject.org
6505:www.constituteproject.org
6480:www.constituteproject.org
6455:www.constituteproject.org
6427:www.constituteproject.org
6399:www.constituteproject.org
6374:www.constituteproject.org
6346:www.constituteproject.org
6305:Government and Opposition
6237:Supreme Political Council
6100:Holds a legislative seat.
6069:President of the Republic
6033:constitutional convention
5795:Constitution of Australia
5791:constitutional convention
5446:six federal member states
5334:Federal Capital Territory
5206:three federal territories
4600:17 autonomous communities
4312:2 integral overseas areas
971:semi-presidential systems
500:Constitutional monarchies
270:with a ceremonial monarch
7993:Government-related lists
6739:"Nauru 1968 (rev. 2015)"
6111:President of Switzerland
6001:double simultaneous vote
5981:double simultaneous vote
5961:double simultaneous vote
5922:double simultaneous vote
5678:
4506:independent state), and
4230:, 3 municipalities, and
3745:administrative divisions
2958:parliamentary confidence
2215:Central African Republic
469:constitutionally-defined
7969:European Union Politics
7423:Day, Alan John (1996).
7317:Constitution of Belarus
7156:Shugart, Matthew Søberg
7116:Shugart, Matthew Søberg
6980:10.1111/1475-6765.00405
4188:4 constituent countries
3920:14 autonomous districts
3610:Provisional governments
2464:motion of no confidence
2271:Prime Cabinet Secretary
941:Parliamentary republics
268:Constitutional monarchy
7286:Zaznaev, Oleg (2005).
7214:Dublin City University
6161:
6115:
6067:indirectly elects the
6053:parliamentary republic
6029:parliamentary republic
5623:
5550:incorporated territory
5386:four autonomous okrugs
4977:Bosnia and Herzegovina
4500:2 autonomous provinces
4088:Judea and Samaria Area
4020:2 autonomous republics
2765:Congo, Republic of the
1000:Bosnia and Herzegovina
947:parliamentary republic
510:constitutional monarch
453:
421:
413:
411:this chart represents
397:Provisional government
278:Parliamentary republic
7913: Session 67
7886:THE BUSINESS STANDARD
7783:constituteproject.org
7750:Associated Press News
7086:University of Cologne
7077:(23 September 1997).
6691:Constitution (2012).
6153:Roman Catholic Church
6123:Swiss Federal Council
6121:capacity amongst the
6085:vote of no confidence
5637:. It has elements of
5409:Saint Kitts and Nevis
5394:one autonomous oblast
4848:1 autonomous republic
4580:1 autonomous province
4459:São Tomé and Príncipe
4388:one autonomous region
3800:1 autonomous republic
3601:presidential republic
3541:presidential republic
3521:presidential republic
3501:presidential republic
3265:formally exists, but
2659:São Tomé and Príncipe
1552:parliamentary systems
830:Saint Kitts and Nevis
533:vote of no confidence
495:Parliamentary systems
427:degree of democracy.
257:Parliamentary systems
246:
7088:, zh. pp. 39–60
6700:Parliament of Guyana
6169:Catholic clerics or
5843:Realm of New Zealand
5639:intergovernmentalism
5586:one capital district
5562:District of Columbia
5521:United Arab Emirates
4871:States in which the
4812:devolved governments
4444:2 autonomous regions
4284:2 autonomous regions
3864:5 autonomous regions
3773:States in which the
3257:concentrated within
3165:United Arab Emirates
2954:directorial republic
2948:Directorial republic
1646:presidential systems
1640:Presidential systems
957:is usually called a
485:political corruption
477:system of government
83:improve this article
7250:Post-Soviet Affairs
7223:on 12 February 2012
6267:. 4 September 2019.
6059:. According to the
6014:Republic of Austria
5807:head of government.
5793:. For example, the
5785:Commonwealth realms
5710:President of France
5651:European Commission
5146:8 union territories
4902:one autonomous city
4873:national government
4712:1 autonomous island
4703:Trinidad and Tobago
4652:1 autonomous region
4608:2 autonomous cities
4532:1 capital territory
4340:1 autonomous region
3259:one political party
3172:Absolute monarchies
3013:Assembly of Experts
2987:Theocratic republic
1547:executive president
1518:Trinidad and Tobago
566:Antigua and Barbuda
519:Systems in which a
294:Presidential system
7988:Lists of countries
7668:The New York Times
7587:. 5 September 2021
7561:. 5 September 2021
7118:(September 2005).
6902:(September 1996).
6261:"The Constitution"
6184:President of China
6143:The Vatican is an
6117:primus inter pares
5799:commander-in-chief
5390:two federal cities
5302:
4852:1 independent city
4810:, of which 3 have
3900:1 capital district
3876:1 claimed province
3775:central government
3741:central government
3460:state of emergency
3263:multi-party system
2963:primus inter pares
1805:Dominican Republic
1654:head of government
1450:
951:head of government
514:constitutional law
463:This is a list of
454:
176:possibly contains
7888:. 9 August 2024.
7507:. 24 January 2022
7319:, 106, 97.5 97.7.
7205:McMenamin, Iain.
7158:(December 2005).
7136:on 19 August 2008
6900:Duverger, Maurice
6823:Duverger (1980).
6501:"Montenegro 2007"
6209:loss of territory
6196:politics of China
6188:ceremonial office
6065:National Assembly
6021:semi-presidential
5773:King of Australia
5601:
5565:
5529:
5509:
5489:
5469:
5449:
5429:
5397:
5357:
5337:
5313:
5293:
5229:
5209:
5185:
5149:
5125:
5105:
5085:
5033:
5013:
4989:
4965:
4945:
4925:
4905:
4855:
4827:
4751:
4715:
4691:
4659:
4631:
4611:
4583:
4555:
4535:
4511:
4508:1 autonomous city
4479:
4447:
4423:
4403:
4371:
4347:
4319:
4308:1 autonomous city
4287:
4263:
4235:
4211:
4191:
4171:
4151:
4131:
4111:
4091:
4067:
4047:
4023:
3999:
3979:
3947:
3923:
3903:
3879:
3843:
3823:
3803:
3445:
3417:
3395:
3367:
3343:
3319:
3295:
2241:Equatorial Guinea
979:electoral college
367:Absolute monarchy
239:
238:
231:
221:
220:
213:
178:original research
159:
158:
151:
133:
56:
8005:
7972:
7965:
7959:
7958:
7956:
7954:
7935:
7929:
7926: A/RES/67/19
7908:
7902:
7901:
7899:
7897:
7878:
7872:
7871:
7859:
7853:
7852:
7850:
7848:
7831:
7825:
7824:
7822:
7820:
7800:
7794:
7793:
7791:
7789:
7780:
7772:
7766:
7765:
7763:
7761:
7740:
7734:
7733:
7731:
7729:
7712:
7706:
7705:
7703:
7701:
7686:
7680:
7679:
7677:
7675:
7658:
7652:
7651:
7649:
7647:
7638:
7629:
7623:
7622:
7620:
7618:
7603:
7597:
7596:
7594:
7592:
7577:
7571:
7570:
7568:
7566:
7549:
7543:
7542:
7540:
7538:
7533:. 30 August 2023
7523:
7517:
7516:
7514:
7512:
7495:
7489:
7488:
7482:
7480:
7458:
7452:
7445:
7439:
7438:
7420:
7414:
7413:
7395:
7389:
7388:
7386:
7384:
7375:
7367:
7361:
7356:
7350:
7349:
7347:
7345:
7326:
7320:
7314:
7308:
7307:
7305:
7303:
7283:
7274:
7273:
7245:
7239:
7233:
7232:
7230:
7228:
7222:
7216:. Archived from
7211:
7202:
7196:
7195:
7189:
7187:
7182:
7164:
7152:
7146:
7145:
7143:
7141:
7135:
7129:. Archived from
7124:
7112:
7106:
7105:
7095:
7093:
7083:
7071:
7065:
7064:
7062:
7060:
7046:
7040:
7039:
7037:
7013:
7002:
7001:
6957:
6951:
6950:
6948:
6946:
6909:
6896:
6890:
6889:
6887:
6885:
6871:
6859:
6853:
6852:
6846:
6820:
6814:
6813:
6811:
6809:
6804:on 28 March 2012
6803:
6797:. Archived from
6796:
6788:
6782:
6781:
6779:
6777:
6768:
6760:
6754:
6753:
6751:
6749:
6735:
6729:
6728:
6726:
6724:
6710:
6704:
6703:
6697:
6688:
6682:
6681:
6679:
6677:
6668:
6660:
6651:
6650:
6643:
6637:
6636:
6630:
6622:
6616:
6615:
6613:
6611:
6597:
6591:
6590:
6588:
6586:
6572:
6566:
6565:
6563:
6561:
6547:
6541:
6540:
6538:
6536:
6522:
6516:
6515:
6513:
6511:
6497:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6486:
6472:
6466:
6465:
6463:
6461:
6452:
6444:
6438:
6437:
6435:
6433:
6424:
6416:
6410:
6409:
6407:
6405:
6391:
6385:
6384:
6382:
6380:
6371:
6363:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6352:
6343:
6335:
6329:
6328:
6302:
6293:
6287:
6286:
6275:
6269:
6268:
6257:
6240:
6226:
6220:
6205:
6199:
6180:
6174:
6164:
6141:
6135:
6132:
6126:
6120:
6107:
6101:
6098:
6092:
6077:Legislative Yuan
6046:
6040:
6010:
6004:
5990:
5984:
5970:
5964:
5950:
5944:
5940:
5934:
5931:
5925:
5911:
5905:
5892:
5886:
5883:
5877:
5870:
5864:
5861:
5855:
5852:
5846:
5819:
5808:
5777:Governor-General
5765:
5726:
5706:Bishop of Urgell
5702:
5696:
5689:
5647:supranationalism
5643:European Council
5628:
5596:
5594:
5593:
5579:
5575:
5573:
5572:
5560:
5558:
5557:
5543:
5539:
5537:
5536:
5523:
5519:
5517:
5516:
5503:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5483:
5479:
5477:
5476:
5463:
5459:
5457:
5456:
5443:
5439:
5437:
5436:
5424:
5422:
5421:
5411:
5407:
5405:
5404:
5371:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5351:
5347:
5345:
5344:
5327:
5323:
5321:
5320:
5307:
5303:
5301:
5300:
5288:
5286:
5285:
5276:
5274:
5273:
5264:
5262:
5261:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5243:
5239:
5237:
5236:
5223:
5219:
5217:
5216:
5199:
5195:
5193:
5192:
5180:
5178:
5177:
5163:
5159:
5157:
5156:
5139:
5135:
5133:
5132:
5119:
5115:
5113:
5112:
5099:
5095:
5093:
5092:
5080:
5078:
5077:
5068:
5066:
5065:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5047:
5043:
5041:
5040:
5027:
5023:
5021:
5020:
5010:Federal District
5003:
4999:
4997:
4996:
4979:
4975:
4973:
4972:
4959:
4955:
4953:
4952:
4939:
4935:
4933:
4932:
4919:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4895:
4891:
4889:
4888:
4841:
4837:
4835:
4834:
4820:Northern Ireland
4806:
4804:
4803:
4796:Northern Ireland
4790:
4788:
4787:
4778:
4776:
4775:
4765:
4761:
4759:
4758:
4746:
4744:
4743:
4729:
4725:
4723:
4722:
4705:
4701:
4699:
4698:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4673:
4669:
4667:
4666:
4645:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4625:
4621:
4619:
4618:
4597:
4593:
4591:
4590:
4576:6 special cities
4569:
4565:
4563:
4562:
4549:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4525:
4521:
4519:
4518:
4493:
4489:
4487:
4486:
4474:
4472:
4471:
4461:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4437:
4433:
4431:
4430:
4417:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4390:subdivided into
4385:
4381:
4379:
4378:
4361:
4357:
4355:
4354:
4333:
4331:Papua New Guinea
4329:
4327:
4326:
4301:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4277:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4249:
4245:
4243:
4242:
4225:
4221:
4219:
4218:
4205:
4201:
4199:
4198:
4185:
4181:
4179:
4178:
4165:
4161:
4159:
4158:
4145:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4125:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4105:
4101:
4099:
4098:
4081:
4077:
4075:
4074:
4061:
4057:
4055:
4054:
4037:
4033:
4031:
4030:
4013:
4009:
4007:
4006:
3993:
3989:
3987:
3986:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3961:
3957:
3955:
3954:
3937:
3933:
3931:
3930:
3917:
3913:
3911:
3910:
3893:
3889:
3887:
3886:
3857:
3853:
3851:
3850:
3837:
3833:
3831:
3830:
3817:
3813:
3811:
3810:
3793:
3789:
3787:
3786:
3749:UN member states
3708:
3706:
3705:
3695:
3693:
3692:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3667:
3665:
3664:
3654:
3652:
3651:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3626:
3624:
3623:
3604:
3594:
3592:
3591:
3584:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3564:
3554:
3552:
3551:
3544:
3534:
3532:
3531:
3524:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3504:
3494:
3492:
3491:
3484:
3474:
3472:
3471:
3438:Fatherland Front
3431:
3427:
3425:
3424:
3411:
3406:
3404:
3403:
3381:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3357:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3333:
3329:
3327:
3326:
3309:
3305:
3303:
3302:
3285:
3281:
3279:
3278:
3249:One-party states
3240:
3238:
3237:
3227:
3225:
3224:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3188:
3186:
3185:
3163:
3161:
3160:
3150:
3148:
3147:
3137:
3135:
3134:
3124:
3122:
3121:
3111:
3109:
3108:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3085:
3083:
3082:
3072:
3070:
3069:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3046:
3044:
3043:
3023:Politics of Iran
3017:Guardian Council
2999:
2997:
2996:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2926:
2924:
2923:
2897:
2895:
2894:
2883:
2881:
2880:
2868:
2866:
2865:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2841:
2839:
2838:
2828:
2826:
2825:
2815:
2813:
2812:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2789:
2787:
2786:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2763:
2761:
2760:
2750:
2748:
2747:
2737:
2735:
2734:
2724:
2722:
2721:
2711:
2709:
2708:
2683:
2681:
2680:
2670:
2668:
2667:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2631:
2629:
2628:
2618:
2616:
2615:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2577:
2575:
2574:
2564:
2562:
2561:
2551:
2549:
2548:
2538:
2536:
2535:
2525:
2523:
2522:
2512:
2510:
2509:
2499:
2497:
2496:
2486:
2484:
2483:
2433:
2431:
2430:
2419:
2417:
2416:
2405:
2403:
2402:
2392:
2390:
2389:
2379:
2377:
2376:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2353:
2351:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2337:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2309:
2307:
2306:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2283:
2281:
2280:
2265:
2263:
2262:
2252:
2250:
2249:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2213:
2211:
2210:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2051:
2049:
2048:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2024:
2022:
2021:
2011:
2009:
2008:
1998:
1996:
1995:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1959:
1957:
1956:
1946:
1944:
1943:
1933:
1931:
1930:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1907:
1905:
1904:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1881:
1879:
1878:
1868:
1866:
1865:
1855:
1853:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1839:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1816:
1814:
1813:
1803:
1801:
1800:
1790:
1788:
1787:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1751:
1749:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1712:
1710:
1709:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1686:
1684:
1683:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1631:
1629:
1628:
1618:
1616:
1615:
1607:Marshall Islands
1605:
1603:
1602:
1592:
1590:
1589:
1579:
1577:
1576:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1464:
1462:
1461:
1451:
1449:
1448:
1438:
1436:
1435:
1425:
1423:
1422:
1412:
1410:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1396:
1385:
1383:
1382:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1358:
1356:
1355:
1345:
1343:
1342:
1332:
1330:
1329:
1319:
1317:
1316:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1293:
1291:
1290:
1280:
1278:
1277:
1267:
1265:
1264:
1254:
1252:
1251:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1228:
1226:
1225:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1202:
1200:
1199:
1189:
1187:
1186:
1167:
1165:
1164:
1154:
1152:
1151:
1141:
1139:
1138:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1102:
1100:
1099:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1076:
1074:
1073:
1063:
1061:
1060:
1050:
1048:
1047:
1037:
1035:
1034:
1024:
1022:
1021:
1011:
1009:
1008:
998:
996:
995:
932:
930:
929:
919:
917:
916:
906:
904:
903:
893:
891:
890:
880:
878:
877:
867:
865:
864:
854:
852:
851:
841:
839:
838:
828:
826:
825:
817:Papua New Guinea
815:
813:
812:
802:
800:
799:
788:
786:
785:
774:
772:
771:
761:
759:
758:
748:
746:
745:
735:
733:
732:
722:
720:
719:
709:
707:
706:
696:
694:
693:
683:
681:
680:
670:
668:
667:
656:
654:
653:
642:
640:
639:
629:
627:
626:
616:
614:
613:
603:
601:
600:
590:
588:
587:
577:
575:
574:
564:
562:
561:
551:
549:
548:
525:executive branch
491:of governments.
465:sovereign states
448:
441:
434:
426:
418:
404:
394:
384:
374:
364:
354:
336:
325:
315:
302:
285:
275:
265:
234:
227:
216:
209:
205:
202:
196:
193:inline citations
169:
168:
161:
154:
147:
143:
140:
134:
132:
91:
67:
59:
48:
26:
25:
18:
8013:
8012:
8008:
8007:
8006:
8004:
8003:
8002:
7978:
7977:
7976:
7975:
7966:
7962:
7952:
7950:
7936:
7932:
7909:
7905:
7895:
7893:
7880:
7879:
7875:
7860:
7856:
7846:
7844:
7832:
7828:
7818:
7816:
7801:
7797:
7787:
7785:
7778:
7774:
7773:
7769:
7759:
7757:
7741:
7737:
7727:
7725:
7713:
7709:
7699:
7697:
7687:
7683:
7673:
7671:
7659:
7655:
7645:
7643:
7636:
7630:
7626:
7616:
7614:
7604:
7600:
7590:
7588:
7579:
7578:
7574:
7564:
7562:
7551:
7550:
7546:
7536:
7534:
7525:
7524:
7520:
7510:
7508:
7497:
7496:
7492:
7478:
7476:
7459:
7455:
7446:
7442:
7435:
7421:
7417:
7410:
7396:
7392:
7382:
7380:
7373:
7369:
7368:
7364:
7357:
7353:
7343:
7341:
7335:ConstitutionNet
7327:
7323:
7315:
7311:
7301:
7299:
7284:
7277:
7246:
7242:
7236:
7226:
7224:
7220:
7209:
7203:
7199:
7185:
7183:
7167:French Politics
7162:
7153:
7149:
7139:
7137:
7133:
7122:
7113:
7109:
7091:
7089:
7081:
7072:
7068:
7058:
7056:
7048:
7047:
7043:
7022:French Politics
7014:
7005:
6998:
6996:
6994:
6958:
6954:
6944:
6942:
6924:
6907:
6897:
6893:
6883:
6881:
6869:
6860:
6856:
6821:
6817:
6807:
6805:
6801:
6794:
6790:
6789:
6785:
6775:
6773:
6766:
6762:
6761:
6757:
6747:
6745:
6737:
6736:
6732:
6722:
6720:
6712:
6711:
6707:
6695:
6689:
6685:
6675:
6673:
6666:
6662:
6661:
6654:
6645:
6644:
6640:
6628:
6624:
6623:
6619:
6609:
6607:
6599:
6598:
6594:
6584:
6582:
6574:
6573:
6569:
6559:
6557:
6549:
6548:
6544:
6534:
6532:
6524:
6523:
6519:
6509:
6507:
6499:
6498:
6494:
6484:
6482:
6474:
6473:
6469:
6459:
6457:
6450:
6446:
6445:
6441:
6431:
6429:
6422:
6418:
6417:
6413:
6403:
6401:
6393:
6392:
6388:
6378:
6376:
6369:
6365:
6364:
6360:
6350:
6348:
6341:
6337:
6336:
6332:
6300:
6294:
6290:
6285:. 27 June 2022.
6277:
6276:
6272:
6259:
6258:
6254:
6249:
6244:
6243:
6227:
6223:
6217:Islamic Emirate
6206:
6202:
6181:
6177:
6142:
6138:
6133:
6129:
6108:
6104:
6099:
6095:
6047:
6043:
6031:in practice by
6011:
6007:
5991:
5987:
5971:
5967:
5951:
5947:
5941:
5937:
5932:
5928:
5912:
5908:
5893:
5889:
5884:
5880:
5874:Captains Regent
5871:
5867:
5862:
5858:
5853:
5849:
5841:, comprise the
5839:Ross Dependency
5820:
5811:
5788:
5766:
5729:
5703:
5699:
5690:
5686:
5681:
5659:
5615:
5609:
5604:
5591:
5589:
5570:
5568:
5555:
5553:
5534:
5532:
5514:
5512:
5494:
5492:
5474:
5472:
5454:
5452:
5434:
5432:
5419:
5417:
5402:
5400:
5362:
5360:
5342:
5340:
5318:
5316:
5310:seven provinces
5298:
5296:
5283:
5281:
5271:
5269:
5259:
5257:
5247:
5245:
5234:
5232:
5214:
5212:
5190:
5188:
5175:
5173:
5166:18 governorates
5154:
5152:
5130:
5128:
5110:
5108:
5090:
5088:
5075:
5073:
5063:
5061:
5051:
5049:
5038:
5036:
5018:
5016:
4994:
4992:
4970:
4968:
4950:
4948:
4930:
4928:
4910:
4908:
4886:
4884:
4869:
4863:
4858:
4832:
4830:
4801:
4799:
4785:
4783:
4773:
4771:
4756:
4754:
4741:
4739:
4720:
4718:
4696:
4694:
4681:
4679:
4664:
4662:
4636:
4634:
4616:
4614:
4588:
4586:
4560:
4558:
4540:
4538:
4523:Solomon Islands
4516:
4514:
4484:
4482:
4469:
4467:
4452:
4450:
4428:
4426:
4420:16 voivodeships
4408:
4406:
4376:
4374:
4352:
4350:
4324:
4322:
4292:
4290:
4268:
4266:
4240:
4238:
4216:
4214:
4196:
4194:
4176:
4174:
4156:
4154:
4136:
4134:
4116:
4114:
4096:
4094:
4072:
4070:
4052:
4050:
4028:
4026:
4004:
4002:
3984:
3982:
3969:
3967:
3952:
3950:
3928:
3926:
3908:
3906:
3884:
3882:
3848:
3846:
3828:
3826:
3808:
3806:
3784:
3782:
3771:
3765:
3757:
3733:
3727:
3722:
3714:
3703:
3701:
3690:
3688:
3676:
3674:
3662:
3660:
3649:
3647:
3636:
3634:
3621:
3619:
3612:
3607:
3598:
3589:
3587:
3578:
3569:
3567:
3558:
3549:
3547:
3538:
3529:
3527:
3518:
3509:
3507:
3498:
3489:
3487:
3478:
3469:
3467:
3456:
3454:Military juntas
3448:
3434:Communist Party
3422:
3420:
3414:Polisario Front
3401:
3399:
3372:
3370:
3348:
3346:
3324:
3322:
3312:Communist Party
3300:
3298:
3288:Communist Party
3276:
3274:
3251:
3246:
3235:
3233:
3222:
3220:
3209:
3207:
3196:
3194:
3183:
3181:
3174:
3169:
3158:
3156:
3145:
3143:
3132:
3130:
3119:
3117:
3106:
3104:
3093:
3091:
3080:
3078:
3067:
3065:
3054:
3052:
3041:
3039:
3032:
3025:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2984:
2973:
2971:
2950:
2945:
2934:
2932:
2921:
2919:
2911:
2903:
2892:
2890:
2878:
2876:
2863:
2861:
2849:
2847:
2836:
2834:
2823:
2821:
2810:
2808:
2797:
2795:
2784:
2782:
2771:
2769:
2758:
2756:
2745:
2743:
2732:
2730:
2719:
2717:
2706:
2704:
2697:
2689:
2678:
2676:
2665:
2663:
2652:
2650:
2639:
2637:
2626:
2624:
2613:
2611:
2606:Northern Cyprus
2599:
2597:
2585:
2583:
2572:
2570:
2559:
2557:
2546:
2544:
2533:
2531:
2520:
2518:
2507:
2505:
2494:
2492:
2481:
2479:
2472:
2452:
2447:
2439:
2428:
2426:
2414:
2412:
2400:
2398:
2387:
2385:
2374:
2372:
2361:
2359:
2348:
2346:
2335:
2333:
2317:
2315:
2304:
2302:
2291:
2289:
2278:
2276:
2260:
2258:
2247:
2245:
2234:
2232:
2221:
2219:
2208:
2206:
2195:
2193:
2182:
2180:
2168:
2166:
2157:
2149:
2138:
2136:
2125:
2123:
2112:
2110:
2099:
2097:
2086:
2084:
2073:
2071:
2060:
2058:
2046:
2044:
2032:
2030:
2019:
2017:
2006:
2004:
1993:
1991:
1980:
1978:
1967:
1965:
1954:
1952:
1941:
1939:
1928:
1926:
1915:
1913:
1902:
1900:
1889:
1887:
1876:
1874:
1863:
1861:
1850:
1848:
1837:
1835:
1824:
1822:
1811:
1809:
1798:
1796:
1785:
1783:
1772:
1770:
1759:
1757:
1746:
1744:
1733:
1731:
1720:
1718:
1707:
1705:
1694:
1692:
1681:
1679:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1642:
1637:
1626:
1624:
1613:
1611:
1600:
1598:
1587:
1585:
1574:
1572:
1561:
1559:
1543:
1535:
1524:
1522:
1511:
1509:
1498:
1496:
1485:
1483:
1472:
1470:
1459:
1457:
1446:
1444:
1433:
1431:
1420:
1418:
1407:
1405:
1394:
1392:
1380:
1378:
1366:
1364:
1353:
1351:
1340:
1338:
1327:
1325:
1314:
1312:
1301:
1299:
1288:
1286:
1275:
1273:
1262:
1260:
1249:
1247:
1236:
1234:
1223:
1221:
1210:
1208:
1197:
1195:
1184:
1182:
1178:
1173:
1162:
1160:
1149:
1147:
1136:
1134:
1123:
1121:
1117:North Macedonia
1110:
1108:
1097:
1095:
1084:
1082:
1071:
1069:
1058:
1056:
1045:
1043:
1032:
1030:
1019:
1017:
1006:
1004:
993:
991:
987:
943:
938:
927:
925:
914:
912:
901:
899:
888:
886:
875:
873:
869:Solomon Islands
862:
860:
849:
847:
836:
834:
823:
821:
810:
808:
797:
795:
783:
781:
769:
767:
756:
754:
743:
741:
730:
728:
717:
715:
704:
702:
691:
689:
678:
676:
665:
663:
651:
649:
637:
635:
624:
622:
611:
609:
598:
596:
585:
583:
572:
570:
559:
557:
546:
544:
502:
497:
461:
452:
407:
406:
402:
400:
392:
390:
382:
380:
377:One-party state
372:
370:
362:
360:
352:
350:
334:
332:
331:
323:
321:
313:
305:
304:
300:
291:
290:
283:
281:
273:
271:
263:
254:
235:
224:
223:
222:
217:
206:
200:
197:
182:
170:
166:
155:
144:
138:
135:
92:
90:
80:
68:
27:
23:
12:
11:
5:
8011:
8001:
8000:
7995:
7990:
7974:
7973:
7960:
7930:
7903:
7873:
7854:
7826:
7795:
7767:
7735:
7707:
7681:
7653:
7624:
7598:
7572:
7544:
7518:
7490:
7468:New York Times
7453:
7440:
7433:
7415:
7409:978-0415782432
7408:
7390:
7362:
7351:
7321:
7309:
7294:(in Russian).
7275:
7256:(4): 246–261.
7240:
7234:
7197:
7173:(3): 323–351.
7147:
7107:
7066:
7041:
7028:(3): 323–351.
7003:
6974:(2): 201–224.
6952:
6922:
6891:
6854:
6837:(2): 165–187.
6815:
6783:
6755:
6730:
6705:
6683:
6652:
6638:
6617:
6592:
6567:
6542:
6517:
6492:
6467:
6439:
6411:
6386:
6358:
6330:
6311:(3): 392–409.
6288:
6270:
6251:
6250:
6248:
6245:
6242:
6241:
6221:
6200:
6175:
6136:
6127:
6102:
6093:
6041:
6005:
5985:
5965:
5945:
5935:
5926:
5906:
5887:
5878:
5865:
5856:
5847:
5809:
5781:prime minister
5727:
5723:representative
5697:
5693:reserve powers
5683:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5676:
5675:
5670:
5665:
5658:
5655:
5619:European Union
5611:Main article:
5608:
5607:European Union
5605:
5603:
5602:
5566:
5530:
5526:seven emirates
5510:
5490:
5470:
5450:
5430:
5398:
5358:
5338:
5314:
5294:
5230:
5210:
5186:
5150:
5126:
5106:
5086:
5034:
5014:
4990:
4966:
4946:
4926:
4906:
4881:
4865:Main article:
4862:
4859:
4857:
4856:
4828:
4763:United Kingdom
4752:
4716:
4692:
4660:
4656:1 capital city
4632:
4612:
4584:
4556:
4536:
4512:
4480:
4448:
4424:
4404:
4372:
4348:
4320:
4316:3 dependencies
4288:
4280:15 departments
4264:
4236:
4212:
4192:
4172:
4152:
4132:
4128:47 prefectures
4112:
4092:
4068:
4048:
4024:
4000:
3980:
3948:
3924:
3904:
3896:34 departments
3880:
3844:
3824:
3804:
3779:
3769:Regional state
3767:Main article:
3764:
3761:
3756:
3753:
3729:Main article:
3726:
3725:Unitary states
3723:
3721:
3718:
3713:
3712:
3699:
3686:
3671:
3658:
3645:
3632:
3616:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3605:
3585:
3565:
3545:
3525:
3505:
3485:
3464:
3455:
3452:
3447:
3446:
3418:
3396:
3368:
3360:Workers' Party
3344:
3320:
3296:
3271:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3244:
3231:
3218:
3205:
3192:
3178:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3167:
3154:
3141:
3128:
3115:
3102:
3089:
3076:
3063:
3050:
3036:
3031:
3028:
3027:
3026:
3021:Main article:
3009:Supreme Leader
2988:
2985:
2983:
2982:
2968:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2930:
2916:
2910:
2907:
2902:
2901:
2888:
2873:
2858:
2845:
2832:
2819:
2806:
2793:
2780:
2767:
2754:
2741:
2728:
2715:
2701:
2696:
2693:
2688:
2687:
2674:
2661:
2648:
2635:
2622:
2609:
2594:
2581:
2568:
2555:
2542:
2529:
2516:
2503:
2490:
2476:
2471:
2468:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2445:Hybrid systems
2443:
2438:
2437:
2424:
2409:
2396:
2383:
2370:
2357:
2344:
2331:
2328:Chief minister
2313:
2300:
2287:
2274:
2256:
2243:
2230:
2217:
2204:
2191:
2178:
2162:
2156:
2153:
2148:
2147:
2134:
2121:
2108:
2095:
2082:
2069:
2056:
2041:
2028:
2015:
2002:
1989:
1976:
1963:
1950:
1937:
1924:
1911:
1898:
1885:
1872:
1859:
1846:
1833:
1820:
1807:
1794:
1781:
1768:
1755:
1742:
1729:
1716:
1703:
1690:
1677:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1622:
1609:
1596:
1583:
1570:
1556:
1542:
1539:
1534:
1533:
1520:
1507:
1494:
1481:
1468:
1455:
1442:
1429:
1416:
1403:
1390:
1375:
1362:
1349:
1336:
1323:
1310:
1297:
1284:
1271:
1258:
1245:
1232:
1219:
1206:
1193:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1171:
1158:
1145:
1132:
1119:
1106:
1093:
1080:
1067:
1054:
1041:
1039:Czech Republic
1028:
1015:
1002:
988:
986:
983:
942:
939:
937:
936:
934:United Kingdom
923:
910:
897:
884:
871:
858:
845:
832:
819:
806:
793:
778:
765:
752:
739:
726:
713:
700:
687:
674:
661:
646:
633:
620:
607:
594:
581:
568:
555:
541:
521:prime minister
501:
498:
496:
493:
489:state capacity
451:
450:
443:
436:
428:
401:
391:
387:Military junta
381:
371:
361:
351:
347:Supreme Leader
333:
322:
312:
308:Hybrid systems
299:
282:
272:
262:
237:
236:
219:
218:
173:
171:
164:
157:
156:
71:
69:
62:
57:
31:
30:
28:
21:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8010:
7999:
7996:
7994:
7991:
7989:
7986:
7985:
7983:
7970:
7964:
7949:
7945:
7941:
7934:
7927:
7925:
7920:
7916:
7912:
7907:
7891:
7887:
7883:
7877:
7869:
7868:Dhaka Tribune
7865:
7858:
7843:
7842:
7837:
7830:
7814:
7810:
7806:
7799:
7784:
7777:
7771:
7756:
7752:
7751:
7746:
7739:
7724:
7723:
7718:
7711:
7696:
7692:
7685:
7670:
7669:
7664:
7657:
7642:
7635:
7628:
7613:
7609:
7602:
7586:
7582:
7576:
7560:
7559:
7554:
7548:
7532:
7528:
7522:
7506:
7505:
7500:
7494:
7487:
7486:presidencies.
7474:
7470:
7469:
7464:
7457:
7450:
7444:
7436:
7430:
7426:
7419:
7411:
7405:
7401:
7394:
7379:
7372:
7366:
7360:
7355:
7340:
7336:
7332:
7325:
7318:
7313:
7297:
7293:
7289:
7282:
7280:
7271:
7267:
7263:
7259:
7255:
7251:
7244:
7238:
7219:
7215:
7208:
7201:
7194:
7181:
7176:
7172:
7168:
7161:
7157:
7151:
7132:
7128:
7121:
7117:
7111:
7104:
7102:
7087:
7080:
7076:
7070:
7055:
7051:
7045:
7036:
7031:
7027:
7023:
7019:
7012:
7010:
7008:
7000:
6989:
6985:
6981:
6977:
6973:
6970:(quarterly).
6969:
6968:
6963:
6956:
6941:
6937:
6933:
6929:
6925:
6923:2-02-030123-7
6919:
6915:
6914:
6905:
6901:
6895:
6879:
6875:
6868:
6864:
6858:
6851:
6845:
6840:
6836:
6833:(quarterly).
6832:
6831:
6826:
6819:
6800:
6793:
6787:
6772:
6765:
6759:
6744:
6740:
6734:
6719:
6715:
6709:
6701:
6694:
6687:
6672:
6665:
6659:
6657:
6648:
6642:
6634:
6627:
6621:
6606:
6602:
6596:
6581:
6577:
6571:
6556:
6552:
6546:
6531:
6527:
6526:"Serbia 2006"
6521:
6506:
6502:
6496:
6481:
6477:
6471:
6456:
6449:
6443:
6428:
6421:
6415:
6400:
6396:
6390:
6375:
6368:
6362:
6347:
6340:
6334:
6326:
6322:
6318:
6314:
6310:
6306:
6299:
6292:
6284:
6280:
6274:
6266:
6262:
6256:
6252:
6238:
6234:
6230:
6225:
6218:
6214:
6210:
6204:
6197:
6193:
6189:
6186:is legally a
6185:
6179:
6172:
6168:
6163:
6158:
6154:
6150:
6146:
6140:
6131:
6124:
6119:
6118:
6112:
6106:
6097:
6090:
6089:sunset clause
6086:
6082:
6078:
6074:
6070:
6066:
6062:
6058:
6054:
6050:
6045:
6038:
6034:
6030:
6026:
6022:
6019:
6015:
6009:
6002:
5998:
5994:
5989:
5982:
5978:
5974:
5969:
5962:
5958:
5954:
5949:
5939:
5930:
5923:
5919:
5915:
5910:
5903:
5899:
5898:
5891:
5882:
5875:
5869:
5860:
5851:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5832:
5828:
5824:
5818:
5816:
5814:
5806:
5805:
5800:
5796:
5792:
5786:
5782:
5778:
5774:
5770:
5764:
5762:
5760:
5758:
5756:
5754:
5752:
5750:
5748:
5746:
5744:
5742:
5740:
5738:
5736:
5734:
5732:
5724:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5711:
5707:
5701:
5694:
5688:
5684:
5674:
5671:
5669:
5666:
5664:
5661:
5660:
5654:
5652:
5648:
5644:
5640:
5636:
5635:confederation
5632:
5627:
5626:
5620:
5614:
5599:
5587:
5583:
5578:
5567:
5563:
5551:
5547:
5542:
5541:United States
5531:
5527:
5522:
5511:
5507:
5502:
5491:
5487:
5482:
5471:
5467:
5462:
5451:
5447:
5442:
5431:
5427:
5415:
5410:
5399:
5395:
5391:
5387:
5383:
5379:
5375:
5370:
5359:
5355:
5350:
5339:
5335:
5331:
5326:
5315:
5311:
5306:
5295:
5291:
5279:
5267:
5255:
5242:
5231:
5227:
5222:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5198:
5187:
5183:
5171:
5167:
5162:
5151:
5147:
5143:
5138:
5127:
5123:
5118:
5107:
5103:
5098:
5087:
5083:
5071:
5070:Grande Comore
5059:
5046:
5035:
5031:
5026:
5015:
5011:
5007:
5002:
4991:
4987:
4983:
4978:
4967:
4963:
4958:
4947:
4943:
4938:
4927:
4923:
4918:
4907:
4903:
4899:
4894:
4883:
4882:
4880:
4878:
4874:
4868:
4853:
4849:
4845:
4840:
4829:
4825:
4821:
4817:
4813:
4809:
4797:
4793:
4781:
4769:
4764:
4753:
4749:
4737:
4733:
4728:
4717:
4713:
4709:
4704:
4693:
4689:
4677:
4672:
4661:
4657:
4653:
4649:
4644:
4633:
4629:
4624:
4613:
4609:
4605:
4601:
4596:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4573:
4568:
4557:
4553:
4548:
4537:
4533:
4529:
4524:
4513:
4509:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4492:
4481:
4477:
4465:
4460:
4449:
4445:
4441:
4436:
4425:
4421:
4416:
4405:
4401:
4398:grouped into
4397:
4393:
4389:
4384:
4373:
4369:
4365:
4360:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4332:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4305:
4300:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4276:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4253:
4248:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4224:
4213:
4209:
4204:
4193:
4189:
4184:
4173:
4169:
4164:
4153:
4149:
4144:
4133:
4129:
4124:
4113:
4109:
4104:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4080:
4069:
4065:
4060:
4049:
4045:
4041:
4036:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4012:
4001:
3997:
3992:
3981:
3977:
3965:
3960:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3936:
3925:
3921:
3916:
3915:Côte d'Ivoire
3905:
3901:
3897:
3892:
3881:
3877:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3856:
3845:
3841:
3836:
3825:
3821:
3820:9 departments
3816:
3805:
3801:
3797:
3792:
3781:
3780:
3778:
3776:
3770:
3760:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3732:
3731:Unitary state
3717:
3711:
3700:
3698:
3687:
3685:
3684:
3672:
3670:
3659:
3657:
3646:
3644:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3618:
3617:
3615:
3602:
3597:
3586:
3582:
3577:
3566:
3562:
3557:
3546:
3542:
3537:
3526:
3522:
3517:
3506:
3502:
3497:
3486:
3482:
3477:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3451:
3443:
3439:
3435:
3430:
3419:
3415:
3410:
3409:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3380:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3345:
3341:
3337:
3332:
3321:
3317:
3313:
3308:
3297:
3293:
3289:
3284:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3268:
3264:
3260:
3256:
3243:
3232:
3230:
3219:
3217:
3206:
3204:
3193:
3191:
3180:
3179:
3177:
3166:
3155:
3153:
3142:
3140:
3129:
3127:
3116:
3114:
3103:
3101:
3100:Liechtenstein
3090:
3088:
3077:
3075:
3064:
3062:
3051:
3049:
3038:
3037:
3035:
3024:
3018:
3014:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2991:
2990:
2981:
2970:
2969:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2959:
2955:
2942:
2931:
2929:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2906:
2900:
2889:
2887:
2886:
2874:
2872:
2871:
2870:South Ossetia
2859:
2857:
2846:
2844:
2833:
2831:
2820:
2818:
2807:
2805:
2794:
2792:
2781:
2779:
2778:Guinea-Bissau
2768:
2766:
2755:
2753:
2742:
2740:
2729:
2727:
2716:
2714:
2703:
2702:
2700:
2692:
2686:
2675:
2673:
2662:
2660:
2649:
2647:
2636:
2634:
2623:
2621:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2595:
2593:
2582:
2580:
2569:
2567:
2556:
2554:
2543:
2541:
2530:
2528:
2517:
2515:
2504:
2502:
2491:
2489:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2442:
2436:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2410:
2408:
2397:
2395:
2384:
2382:
2371:
2369:
2358:
2356:
2345:
2343:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2314:
2312:
2301:
2299:
2288:
2286:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2257:
2255:
2244:
2242:
2231:
2229:
2218:
2216:
2205:
2203:
2192:
2190:
2179:
2177:
2176:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2152:
2146:
2135:
2133:
2122:
2120:
2109:
2107:
2096:
2094:
2093:United States
2083:
2081:
2070:
2068:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2042:
2040:
2029:
2027:
2016:
2014:
2003:
2001:
1990:
1988:
1977:
1975:
1964:
1962:
1951:
1949:
1938:
1936:
1925:
1923:
1912:
1910:
1899:
1897:
1886:
1884:
1873:
1871:
1860:
1858:
1847:
1845:
1834:
1832:
1821:
1819:
1808:
1806:
1795:
1793:
1782:
1780:
1769:
1767:
1756:
1754:
1743:
1741:
1730:
1728:
1717:
1715:
1704:
1702:
1691:
1689:
1678:
1676:
1665:
1664:
1657:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1634:
1623:
1621:
1610:
1608:
1597:
1595:
1584:
1582:
1571:
1569:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1553:
1548:
1538:
1532:
1521:
1519:
1508:
1506:
1495:
1493:
1482:
1480:
1469:
1467:
1456:
1454:
1443:
1441:
1430:
1428:
1417:
1415:
1404:
1402:
1391:
1389:
1388:
1376:
1374:
1363:
1361:
1350:
1348:
1337:
1335:
1324:
1322:
1311:
1309:
1298:
1296:
1285:
1283:
1272:
1270:
1259:
1257:
1246:
1244:
1233:
1231:
1220:
1218:
1207:
1205:
1194:
1192:
1181:
1180:
1170:
1159:
1157:
1146:
1144:
1133:
1131:
1120:
1118:
1107:
1105:
1094:
1092:
1081:
1079:
1068:
1066:
1055:
1053:
1042:
1040:
1029:
1027:
1016:
1014:
1003:
1001:
990:
989:
982:
980:
976:
972:
967:
965:
960:
956:
955:head of state
952:
948:
935:
924:
922:
911:
909:
898:
896:
885:
883:
872:
870:
859:
857:
846:
844:
833:
831:
820:
818:
807:
805:
794:
792:
791:
779:
777:
766:
764:
753:
751:
740:
738:
727:
725:
714:
712:
701:
699:
688:
686:
675:
673:
662:
660:
659:
647:
645:
634:
632:
621:
619:
608:
606:
595:
593:
582:
580:
569:
567:
556:
554:
543:
542:
540:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
517:
515:
511:
507:
506:head of state
492:
490:
486:
482:
478:
475:
474:
470:
466:
459:
449:
444:
442:
437:
435:
430:
429:
425:
424:
417:
416:
410:
398:
388:
378:
368:
358:
348:
344:
340:
329:
319:
311:
309:
297:
295:
289:
279:
269:
260:
258:
252:
251:
245:
241:
233:
230:
215:
212:
204:
194:
190:
186:
180:
179:
174:This article
172:
163:
162:
153:
150:
142:
131:
128:
124:
121:
117:
114:
110:
107:
103:
100: –
99:
95:
94:Find sources:
88:
84:
78:
77:
72:This article
70:
66:
61:
60:
55:
53:
46:
45:
40:
39:
34:
29:
20:
19:
16:
7968:
7963:
7951:. Retrieved
7943:
7933:
7923:
7918:
7914:
7906:
7894:. Retrieved
7885:
7876:
7867:
7857:
7845:. Retrieved
7839:
7829:
7817:. Retrieved
7808:
7798:
7786:. Retrieved
7782:
7770:
7758:. Retrieved
7755:Cairo, Egypt
7748:
7738:
7726:. Retrieved
7720:
7710:
7698:. Retrieved
7694:
7684:
7672:. Retrieved
7666:
7656:
7644:. Retrieved
7627:
7615:. Retrieved
7601:
7589:. Retrieved
7575:
7563:. Retrieved
7556:
7547:
7535:. Retrieved
7530:
7521:
7509:. Retrieved
7502:
7493:
7484:
7477:. Retrieved
7466:
7456:
7443:
7424:
7418:
7399:
7393:
7381:. Retrieved
7377:
7365:
7354:
7342:. Retrieved
7334:
7324:
7312:
7300:. Retrieved
7295:
7291:
7253:
7249:
7243:
7237:
7225:. Retrieved
7218:the original
7200:
7191:
7184:. Retrieved
7170:
7166:
7150:
7138:. Retrieved
7131:the original
7126:
7110:
7100:
7097:
7090:. Retrieved
7075:Veser, Ernst
7069:
7057:. Retrieved
7053:
7044:
7025:
7021:
6991:
6971:
6965:
6962:Veser, Ernst
6955:
6945:10 September
6943:. Retrieved
6911:
6894:
6882:. Retrieved
6877:
6873:
6863:Veser, Ernst
6857:
6848:
6834:
6828:
6818:
6806:. Retrieved
6799:the original
6786:
6774:. Retrieved
6770:
6758:
6746:. Retrieved
6742:
6733:
6721:. Retrieved
6717:
6708:
6699:
6686:
6674:. Retrieved
6670:
6641:
6632:
6620:
6608:. Retrieved
6604:
6595:
6583:. Retrieved
6579:
6570:
6558:. Retrieved
6554:
6545:
6533:. Retrieved
6529:
6520:
6508:. Retrieved
6504:
6495:
6483:. Retrieved
6479:
6470:
6458:. Retrieved
6454:
6442:
6430:. Retrieved
6426:
6414:
6402:. Retrieved
6398:
6389:
6377:. Retrieved
6373:
6361:
6349:. Retrieved
6345:
6333:
6308:
6304:
6291:
6282:
6273:
6264:
6255:
6224:
6203:
6178:
6139:
6130:
6113:serves in a
6105:
6096:
6044:
6025:Constitution
6017:
6008:
5988:
5968:
5948:
5938:
5929:
5909:
5902:Constitution
5895:
5890:
5881:
5868:
5859:
5850:
5823:Cook Islands
5802:
5713:
5700:
5687:
5616:
5498:
5378:21 republics
4986:one district
4982:two entities
4898:23 provinces
4870:
4547:South Africa
4503:
4496:29 districts
4440:18 districts
4336:20 provinces
4228:32 districts
4064:38 provinces
3860:22 provinces
3796:59 districts
3772:
3758:
3734:
3715:
3673:
3628:
3613:
3476:Burkina Faso
3457:
3449:
3398:
3254:
3252:
3242:Vatican City
3229:Saudi Arabia
3175:
3033:
2977:
2961:
2951:
2912:
2904:
2875:
2860:
2698:
2690:
2596:
2473:
2453:
2440:
2421:Transnistria
2411:
2324:Sierra Leone
2165:
2158:
2150:
2080:Turkmenistan
2043:
1643:
1633:South Africa
1544:
1536:
1377:
968:
944:
780:
658:Cook Islands
648:
518:
503:
471:
462:
408:
306:
292:
255:
247:
240:
225:
207:
198:
175:
145:
136:
126:
119:
112:
105:
93:
81:Please help
76:verification
73:
49:
42:
36:
35:Please help
32:
15:
7646:14 February
7591:5 September
7565:5 September
7227:11 December
6283:www.cia.gov
6162:jus officii
6157:Swiss Guard
6035:, with the
5997:legislature
5977:legislature
5957:legislature
5918:legislature
5649:, with the
5641:, with the
5625:sui generis
5501:Switzerland
5461:South Sudan
5414:Saint Kitts
4942:nine states
4768:4 countries
4628:9 provinces
4572:8 provinces
4567:South Korea
4552:9 provinces
4528:9 provinces
4464:6 districts
4392:5 provinces
4383:Philippines
4304:10 counties
4247:New Zealand
4168:47 counties
4084:6 districts
3697:South Sudan
3355:North Korea
2980:Switzerland
2342:South Korea
2254:Ivory Coast
2026:Philippines
1844:Gambia, The
1831:El Salvador
843:Saint Lucia
776:New Zealand
763:Netherlands
529:legislature
7982:Categories
7915:Resolution
7819:9 February
7479:1 December
7434:1561591440
7383:11 January
7298:(1): 62–64
6880:(1): 39–60
6776:12 January
6748:15 January
6723:15 January
6676:12 January
6610:12 January
6585:12 January
6560:12 January
6535:12 January
6510:12 January
6485:12 January
6460:12 January
6432:12 January
6404:12 January
6379:12 January
6351:12 January
6265:Stortinget
6247:References
6037:Chancellor
5897:ex-officio
5719:co-princes
5715:ex officio
5631:federation
5588:, and the
5506:26 cantons
5466:ten states
5382:nine krais
5374:46 oblasts
5170:one region
4867:Federation
4861:Federation
4839:Uzbekistan
4732:24 oblasts
4676:21 regions
4643:Tajikistan
4252:16 regions
4208:15 regions
4203:Mauritania
4148:17 regions
4143:Kazakhstan
4108:20 regions
3996:18 regions
3964:19 regions
3840:16 regions
3791:Azerbaijan
3643:Bangladesh
3436:leads the
3386:leads the
2899:Uzbekistan
2817:Mozambique
2804:Mauritania
2791:Kazakhstan
2726:Azerbaijan
2579:Madagascar
2527:East Timor
2501:Cape Verde
2368:Tajikistan
2285:Kyrgyzstan
2053:Somaliland
2039:Seychelles
1779:Costa Rica
1492:San Marino
1104:Montenegro
737:Luxembourg
341:republic (
339:Theocratic
250:government
201:April 2024
185:improve it
139:April 2024
109:newspapers
38:improve it
7896:10 August
7537:30 August
7511:30 August
7270:158492144
7186:21 August
7140:21 August
7092:21 August
7059:9 October
6988:153349701
6940:909782158
6932:0152-0768
6884:21 August
6325:145748468
6171:religious
6081:free area
6049:Nominally
5993:President
5973:President
5953:President
5914:President
5712:serve as
5582:23 states
5577:Venezuela
5546:50 states
5486:17 states
5330:36 states
5226:32 states
5202:13 states
5182:Kurdistan
5142:28 states
5122:16 states
5006:26 states
4917:Australia
4893:Argentina
4844:3 regions
4708:9 regions
4648:3 regions
4623:Sri Lanka
4275:Nicaragua
4059:Indonesia
4016:9 regions
3940:5 regions
3683:Palestine
3007:, with a
3005:theocracy
2672:Sri Lanka
2566:Lithuania
2119:Venezuela
1961:Nicaragua
1896:Indonesia
1870:Guatemala
1688:Argentina
1650:president
1440:Mauritius
1143:Singapore
959:president
579:Australia
481:democracy
189:verifying
44:talk page
7953:14 April
7890:Archived
7847:14 April
7841:The Hill
7813:Archived
7788:20 March
7760:20 March
7728:20 March
7674:14 April
7617:4 August
7612:BBC News
7585:BBC News
7504:BBC News
7473:Archived
6865:(1997).
6808:3 August
6235:and the
6229:Disputed
6167:celibate
6145:elective
5837:and the
5804:de facto
5657:See also
5349:Pakistan
5197:Malaysia
5097:Ethiopia
5008:and the
4816:Scotland
4792:Scotland
4688:Zanzibar
4671:Tanzania
4504:de facto
4476:Príncipe
4435:Portugal
4368:province
4366:, and 1
3891:Colombia
3203:Eswatini
2941:Suriname
2633:Portugal
2592:Mongolia
2381:Tanzania
2228:Djibouti
2202:Cameroon
2175:Abkhazia
2145:Zimbabwe
2013:Paraguay
1935:Maldives
1883:Honduras
1753:Colombia
1594:Kiribati
1568:Botswana
1466:Pakistan
1256:Ethiopia
1230:Dominica
1217:Barbados
1169:Slovenia
1156:Slovakia
1013:Bulgaria
908:Thailand
750:Malaysia
631:Cambodia
423:de facto
7944:Reuters
7921:.
7809:Reuters
7700:27 July
7695:Reuters
7558:AP NEWS
7531:Reuters
7344:12 June
7302:3 April
7101:pléiade
6213:Taliban
6211:to the
6018:de jure
5835:Tokelau
5441:Somalia
5325:Nigeria
5278:Pohnpei
5117:Germany
5058:Anjouan
5045:Comoros
4957:Belgium
4937:Austria
4780:England
4727:Ukraine
4364:regions
4223:Moldova
4011:Georgia
3959:Finland
3935:Denmark
3815:Bolivia
3556:Myanmar
3429:Vietnam
3331:Eritrea
3126:Morocco
3048:Bahrain
2830:Namibia
2739:Belarus
2713:Austria
2685:Ukraine
2646:Romania
2488:Algeria
2460:cabinet
2407:Tunisia
2311:Senegal
2189:Burundi
2106:Uruguay
1974:Nigeria
1909:Liberia
1818:Ecuador
1766:Comoros
1714:Bolivia
1652:is the
1531:Vanuatu
1505:Somalia
1414:Lebanon
1321:Hungary
1295:Germany
1282:Georgia
1243:Estonia
1204:Armenia
1191:Albania
1091:Moldova
1078:Ireland
1065:Iceland
1052:Finland
1026:Croatia
724:Lesotho
698:Jamaica
685:Grenada
672:Denmark
605:Belgium
592:Bahamas
553:Andorra
537:monarch
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183:Please
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3255:by law
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3190:Brunei
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3110:
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3087:Kuwait
3084:
3074:Jordan
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3058:
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2885:Taiwan
2882:
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2856:Russia
2853:
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2553:France
2550:
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2435:Uganda
2432:
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2321:
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2298:Rwanda
2295:
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2199:
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2172:
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2132:Zambia
2129:
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2103:
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2067:Turkey
2064:
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2036:
2023:
2010:
2000:Panama
1997:
1984:
1971:
1958:
1948:Mexico
1945:
1932:
1922:Malawi
1919:
1906:
1893:
1880:
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1854:
1841:
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1792:Cyprus
1789:
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1727:Brazil
1724:
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1675:Angola
1672:
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1581:Guyana
1578:
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1401:Latvia
1398:
1387:Kosovo
1384:
1370:
1360:Israel
1357:
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1331:
1318:
1308:Greece
1305:
1292:
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1227:
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1130:Serbia
1127:
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1101:
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892:
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804:Norway
801:
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7779:(PDF)
7637:(PDF)
7374:(PDF)
7266:S2CID
7221:(PDF)
7210:(PDF)
7163:(PDF)
7134:(PDF)
7123:(PDF)
7082:(PDF)
6984:S2CID
6908:(PDF)
6870:(PDF)
6802:(PDF)
6795:(PDF)
6767:(PDF)
6696:(PDF)
6667:(PDF)
6629:(PDF)
6451:(PDF)
6423:(PDF)
6370:(PDF)
6342:(PDF)
6321:S2CID
6301:(PDF)
5679:Notes
5633:or a
5481:Sudan
5426:Nevis
5305:Nepal
5254:Chuuk
5137:India
4824:Wales
4808:Wales
4595:Spain
4163:Kenya
4123:Japan
4103:Italy
3976:Åland
3835:Chile
3737:state
3710:Yemen
3669:Libya
3656:Haiti
3596:Sudan
3576:Niger
3496:Gabon
3283:China
3152:Tonga
3139:Qatar
2952:In a
2540:Egypt
2454:In a
2355:Syria
2326:(see
2269:(see
2267:Kenya
1987:Palau
1857:Ghana
1740:Chile
1701:Benin
1620:Nauru
1479:Samoa
1453:Nepal
1427:Malta
1373:Italy
1334:India
945:In a
882:Spain
711:Japan
508:is a
487:, or
409:Note:
130:JSTOR
116:books
7955:2022
7948:Aden
7898:2024
7849:2022
7821:2023
7790:2023
7762:2023
7730:2023
7702:2023
7676:2022
7648:2024
7619:2023
7593:2021
7567:2021
7539:2023
7513:2023
7481:2019
7429:ISBN
7404:ISBN
7385:2020
7346:2024
7304:2021
7229:2017
7188:2017
7142:2017
7094:2017
7061:2021
6947:2016
6936:OCLC
6928:ISSN
6918:ISBN
6886:2016
6810:2011
6778:2020
6750:2020
6725:2020
6678:2020
6612:2020
6587:2020
6562:2020
6537:2020
6512:2020
6487:2020
6462:2020
6434:2020
6406:2020
6381:2020
6353:2020
6182:The
6149:Pope
6109:The
6012:The
5995:and
5975:and
5955:and
5916:and
5827:Niue
5825:and
5821:The
5708:and
5704:The
5280:and
5204:and
5168:and
5161:Iraq
5144:and
4984:and
4900:and
4822:and
4798:and
4394:and
4362:(25
4359:Peru
3536:Mali
3442:list
3392:list
3379:Laos
3364:list
3340:list
3316:list
3307:Cuba
3292:list
3216:Oman
3001:Iran
2843:Peru
2752:Chad
2394:Togo
1347:Iraq
1269:Fiji
790:Niue
343:Iran
102:news
7296:147
7258:doi
7175:doi
7030:doi
6976:doi
6839:doi
6313:doi
6016:is
5290:Yap
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