859:
847:
628:- a locally invented demotic script based on chữ Hán - was developed for writing the spoken Vietnamese language from the 13th Century onwards. For the most part, these chữ Nôm texts can be directly transliterated into the modern chữ Quốc ngữ and be readily understood by modern Vietnamese speakers. However, since chữ Nôm was never standardized, there are ambiguities as to which words are meant when a writer used certain characters. This resulted in many variations when transliterating works in chữ Nôm into
883:
871:
907:
895:
1166:. In the South, which welcomed a wave of Northerners during the 1954–1955 Great Migration, the writers had more freedom in expressing their political beliefs. They gathered and discussed new styles and different philosophical viewpoints about writing through certain periodicals, one of which was Sáng Tạo magazine, founded by
1288:
1966- Page 87 "No work of literature from the brush of a
Vietnamese survives from the period of Chinese rule prior to the rise of the first national dynasties; and from the Dinh, Former Le, and Ly dynasties, all that remains are some poems by Lac Thuan (end of the tenth century), Khuong Viet (same
160:
Unlike written literature, early oral literature was composed in
Vietnamese and is still accessible to ordinary Vietnamese today. Vietnamese folk literature is an intermingling of many forms. It is not only an oral tradition, but a mixing of three media: hidden (only retained in the memory of folk
211:
due to their
Chinese grammar and vocabulary. As a result, these works must be translated into Vietnamese in order to be understood by the general public. These works include official proclamations by Vietnamese emperors, imperial histories, and declarations of independence from China, as well as
487:(Phonetic transliteration) - this section contains the original text transliterated into the Vietnamese alphabet. This section is not understood by any Vietnamese, as the text is in Literary Chinese which uses Classical Chinese syntax and vocabulary not used in Vietnamese.
1118:
and there was no consensus on how to write certain words. After some conferences, the issues were mostly settled, but some still linger to this day. By the mid-20th century, all
Vietnamese works of literature are written in
3066:
164:
Myths consist of stories about supernatural beings, heroes, creator gods, and reflect the viewpoint of ancient people about human life. They consist of creation stories, stories about their origins (
546:(Translated meaning) - this section contains the translation of the poem, it is understood by Vietnamese speakers. It is often just a direct translation rather than a full fledged translated poem.
54:
was the formal written language for government documents, a majority of literary works were composed in Hán văn or as văn ngôn. From the 10th century, a minority of literary works were composed in
1327:
1083:. The success of The Self-Reliant Literary Association also inspired the development of modern literature during the 30s, a thriving period marked by the debuts of important writers, such as
830:
3076:
1146:, writers were under the control of the Communist Party, although there were some periods of turmoil among Northern writers when the government launched the land reform campaign or when
106:. It flourished in the 18th century when many notable Vietnamese writers and poets composed their works in chữ Nôm and when it briefly became the official written script during the
1808:
1788:
3071:
1951:
1813:
1289:
period), and Ly Thuong Kiet (last quarter of the eleventh century). Those competent to judge consider these works to be quite up to the best standards of
Chinese literature.
3031:
1183:
1167:
1175:
584:(Translated poem) - this section contains the translation version of the poem. It is understood by Vietnamese speakers and is a full fledged translated poem.
3086:
2796:
1803:
133:. Today, Francophone Vietnamese and English-speaking Vietnamese are counted by many critics as contributors to the ongoing history of Vietnamese literature.
3006:
1793:
1778:
1773:
1179:
2926:
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foreign to modern
Vietnamese speakers, these works are mostly unintelligible even when directly transliterated from Classical Chinese into the modern
1018:
1338:
203:(Chinese characters). Almost all of the official documents in Vietnamese history were written in chữ Hán, as were the first poems. Not only is the
125:, it did not become popular outside of missionary groups until the early 20th century, when the French colonial administration mandated its use in
1076:
2032:
161:
authors), fixed (written), and shown (performed). Folk literature usually exist in many versions, passed down orally, and have unknown authors.
2014:
1609:
1171:
1103:
as an imposition from the French, others embraced it as a convenient tool to boost literacy. After declaring independence from France in 1945,
269:
2164:
1194:. Although it existed for only 20 years (1955-1975), South Vietnam literature witnessed the emergence of various great writers and novels.
363:
1056:
1886:
1142:, and the literature of these two regions also developed in different directions. In the North, which hitherto formed an alliance with the
1879:
1798:
1225:
1035:
was not widely used outside of missionary circles until the early 20th century, when the French colonial government mandated its use in
2590:
2482:
2531:
1924:
1919:
1370:
1576:
395:
2222:
1564:
1399:
102:, created around the tenth century, allowed writers to compose in Vietnamese using native characters that were coined by using
2743:
1956:
1569:
1472:
1011:
325:
17:
2644:
2553:
1914:
1909:
1614:
1457:
2027:
2022:
2009:
1783:
1127:
for accessibility to modern
Vietnamese speakers. The use of the earlier scripts is now limited to historical references.
756:
335:
419:
674:), "Lament of the soldier's wife", translations from Chinese into vernacular chữ Nôm by several translators including
481:, is in the textbook used by schools in Vietnam. The texts are generally and commonly is divided into three sections.
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1383:
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1977:
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came to power and denounced the legacy of Stalin. The most well-known writers in North
Vietnam of this period were
1004:
746:
62:. The Nôm script better represented Vietnamese literature as it led to the creation of different poetic forms like
433:
2276:
2159:
2154:
1532:
255:
1201:
443:
3107:
2514:
2181:
2137:
1619:
1439:
858:
797:
730:
349:
1059:
were among the most read newspapers at the time, and these two papers brought fame to many writers, including
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2171:
1994:
1527:
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1982:
1891:
1829:
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343:
151:
111:
461:
8:
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1999:
1943:
1711:
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1120:
1108:
1100:
1044:
1040:
1032:
967:
957:
632:. Some highly regarded works in Vietnamese literature were written in chữ Nôm, including
629:
208:
130:
129:. By the mid-20th century, virtually all Vietnamese works of literature were composed in
118:
59:
31:
2467:
836:
375:
371:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2946:
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2373:
2188:
2144:
2067:
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1515:
1391:
977:
947:
942:
870:
469:
Some of these
Literary Chinese texts are still taught in school. For example, the poem
98:(Chinese characters), works written in chữ Hán were either called Hán văn or văn ngôn.
2072:
1186:. South Vietnam's literature went through different ups and downs under the ruling of
1084:
784:
402:), Unification Records of the Le Emperor, historical novel ending with Gia Long. anon.
357:
301:
263:
3026:
2966:
2941:
2891:
2871:
2836:
2766:
2546:
2526:
2487:
2437:
2417:
2368:
2283:
2132:
2090:
1282:
1243:
1215:
1104:
982:
962:
952:
937:
932:
652:- Song of the Soldier's Wife) from the Classical Chinese poem composed by her friend
389:
213:
147:
122:
75:
47:
906:
50:. Early Vietnamese literature has been greatly influenced by Chinese literature. As
2996:
2971:
2851:
2752:
2705:
2639:
2580:
2568:
2521:
2447:
2350:
2308:
1681:
1637:
1424:
1159:
1036:
126:
1068:
894:
2976:
2536:
2412:
2345:
1659:
1642:
1334:
https://web.archive.org/web/20121112121058/http://thanglong.ece.jhu.edu/vhvn.html
1315:. This site is dedicated to the promotion of Vietnamese history and culture; see
987:
293:
1111:. Their efforts were hugely successful, as the literacy rate jumped overnight.
675:
319:
2710:
2477:
1755:
1238:
1151:
1072:
1060:
204:
173:
107:
625:
200:
99:
95:
63:
55:
39:
3101:
1482:
1477:
1139:
1135:
1064:
833:(嗣德聖製字學解義歌) - a bilingual Literary Chinese - Vietnamese character dictionary.
766:
633:
300:), The Family Training Ode, a 976-line Confucian morality poem attributed to
71:
236:
1691:
1143:
1092:
1052:
1115:
1080:
814:
1147:
1107:'s provisional government adopted a policy of increasing literacy with
1039:. During the early years of the twentieth century, many periodicals in
823:
43:
199:
The earliest surviving literature by
Vietnamese writers is written in
821:), The Flowered Letter, based on the late 17th century Chinese poem,
412:), "Lament of the soldier's wife", the original Chinese version by
232:
2721:
1348:
1328:
Việt-Học Thư-Quán - Institute of Vietnamese Studies - Viện Việt Học
94:
and as a result much of the written work during this period was in
1379:
1272:. Nhà xuất bản Đại học Quốc gia Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. p. 5.
1123:, while works written in earlier scripts are transliterated into
315:
839:(三千字) - Used to teach beginners Chinese characters and chữ Nôm.
356:), Great Proclamation upon the Pacification of the Wu Forces,
249:) 1077, Mountains and rivers of the Southern country, poem by
2585:
1312:
783:), "National pronunciation poetry collection" attributed to
656:(famous in its own right), and poems by the renowned poet
1343:
575:
Chúng mày nhất định sẽ nhìn thấy việc chuốc lấy bại vong
1174:. There was also one group called Quan Điểm, assembling
178:
Sơn Tinh or Mountain Spirit - Thủy Tinh or Water Spirit
86:
For a millennium before the tenth century, Vietnam was
1114:
In those early years, there were many variations in
763:), Tale of the orphan Phạm Tải and princess Ngọc Hoa
811:), "The Virgin Mouse", Hò̂ Huyè̂n Qui, 15th century
1043:flourished and their popularity helped popularize
3099:
216:. In chronological order notable works include:
46:, both oral and written, created largely by the
1099:While some leaders resisted the popularity of
1031:While created in the seventeenth century, the
565:Giới phận đó đã được định rõ ràng ở sách trời
342:), Spirits of the Departed in the Viet Realm,
332:), Abbreviated History of Đại Việt, anon. 1377
2737:
1364:
1012:
1226:Mechanics and Crafts of the People of Annam
290:), Abbreviated Records of Annam, anon. 1335
2744:
2730:
1371:
1357:
1228:, 1908 (Vietnamese is written in chữ Nôm.)
1019:
1005:
804:), Tale of Tống Trân and his wife Cúc Hoa
450:), Frontier Chronicles by Lê Quý Đôn 1776
388:, Collection of Strange Tales, partly by
276:), Proclamation to the Officers, General
227:) 1010, Edict on transfer the capital of
1330:Many pdfs of Vietnamese literature books
773:), The clan of Phan and the clan of Trần
691:), "Song of the Sorrowful Concubine" by
1438:
14:
3100:
1267:
183:
2725:
1957:National Defense and Security Council
1352:
831:Tự Đức thánh chế tự học giải nghĩa ca
2751:
1378:
1197:Works in modern Vietnamese include:
917:
58:, the former writing system for the
1784:Permanent Member of the Secretariat
644:'s chữ nôm translation of the poem
570:Cớ sao kẻ thù lại dám đến xâm phạm
521:Tiệt nhiên định phận tại thiên thư
24:
1301:Sách Giáo Khoa Ngữ Văn Lớp 7 Tập 1
1298:
1270:Giáo trình tiếng Hán. Tập 1: Cơ sở
719:), "The Quarrel of the Six Beasts"
440:), encyclopedia by Lê Quý Đôn 1773
141:
25:
3124:
1303:. Nhà Xuất Bản Giáo Dục Việt Nam.
1049:Self-Reliant Literary Association
743:), "The Plum Tree Blossoms Twice"
70:. It also allowed for Vietnamese
1789:History of central officeholders
905:
893:
881:
869:
857:
845:
753:), Tale of Phạm Công and Cúc Hoa
613:Chúng mày nhất định phải tan vỡ
2591:Traditional musical instruments
1323:Culture of Vietnam encyclopedia
729:), epic poem by the blind poet
3067:British Indian Ocean Territory
1292:
1276:
1261:
1205:
818:
808:
801:
791:
780:
770:
760:
750:
740:
726:
716:
702:
688:
671:
649:
603:Vằng vặc sách trời chia xứ sở
537:Nhữ đẳng hành khan thủ bại hư
529:Như hà nghịch lỗ lai xâm phạm
493:
474:
457:
447:
437:
423:
409:
399:
385:
367:
353:
339:
329:
311:
297:
287:
273:
259:
246:
224:
13:
1:
1809:Central Inspection Commission
1339:Translating Vietnamese poetry
1286:The Making of South East Asia
1254:
663:Other notable works include:
560:Sông núi nước Nam, vua Nam ở
1344:Vietnamese Poetry Collection
608:Giặc dữ cớ sao phạm đến đây
598:Sông núi nước Nam vua Nam ở
7:
1952:Central Military Commission
1814:Central Military Commission
1232:
1134:, Vietnam was divided into
705:), "Song of Exile to Thục"
593:Vietnamese translated poem
505:Vietnamese transliteration
314:), "The wonderful tales of
195:Literary Chinese in Vietnam
10:
3129:
1920:Supreme People's Procuracy
513:Nam quốc sơn hà nam đế cư
192:
188:
145:
81:
3055:
3015:
2759:
2683:
2458:
2359:
2267:
2258:
2231:
2058:
2049:
2008:
1965:
1942:
1900:
1867:
1822:
1764:
1719:
1710:
1628:
1585:
1506:
1497:
1390:
262:), Annals of Đại Việt by
2822:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1268:Nguyễn, Tri Tài (2002).
270:Dụ chư tì tướng hịch văn
136:
3077:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
925:Modern Asian literature
790:Thạch Sanh tân truyện (
555:Vietnamese translation
396:Hoàng Lê nhất thống chí
364:Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư
318:" 14th Century, edited
121:was created in 1631 by
2401:Language and computers
2150:Science and Technology
1910:Supreme People's Court
1852:Deputy Prime Ministers
1643:Hong (Red) River Delta
1132:1954 Geneva Conference
1051:with its two weeklies
619:
370:), Complete Annals of
235:(modern Ninh Bình) to
156:Vietnamese fairy tales
35:
3108:Vietnamese literature
2633:Person Dignity Theory
1249:Censorship in Vietnam
993:Vietnamese literature
798:Tống Trân and Cúc Hoa
794:), anon. 18th century
454:Việt Nam vong quốc sử
28:Vietnamese literature
18:Literature of Vietnam
2992:United Arab Emirates
2155:Traditional medicine
2033:Self-Defence Militia
1577:World Heritage Sites
1533:Environmental issues
973:Pakistani literature
336:Việt điện u linh tập
152:Vietnamese mythology
3113:Vietnamese language
3017:States with limited
2628:Ho Chi Minh Thought
1804:Central Secretariat
1125:Vietnamese alphabet
1121:Vietnamese alphabet
1109:Vietnamese alphabet
1101:Vietnamese alphabet
1045:Vietnamese alphabet
1041:Vietnamese alphabet
1033:Vietnamese alphabet
968:Nepalese literature
958:Japanese literature
852:Chinh Phụ Ngâm Khúc
757:Phạm Tải – Ngọc Hoa
747:Phạm Công – Cúc Hoa
646:Chinh Phụ Ngâm Khúc
630:Vietnamese alphabet
589:
551:
498:
308:Lĩnh Nam chích quái
209:Vietnamese alphabet
184:Medieval literature
131:Vietnamese alphabet
119:Vietnamese alphabet
60:Vietnamese language
2667:Vietnamese studies
2379:Overseas community
2172:Telecommunications
1925:Procurator-General
1880:Standing Committee
1570:Endangered species
1299:Nguyễn, Khắc Phi.
978:Persian literature
948:Chinese literature
943:Bengali literature
713:Lục súc tranh công
685:Cung oán ngâm khúc
588:Sông núi nước Nam
587:
550:Sông núi nước Nam
549:
502:Classical Chinese
490:
3095:
3094:
3059:other territories
2719:
2718:
2679:
2678:
2675:
2674:
2645:Traditional games
2329:Human trafficking
2254:
2253:
2045:
2044:
2041:
2040:
1938:
1937:
1875:National Assembly
1794:National Congress
1779:General Secretary
1774:Central Committee
1739:Foreign relations
1706:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1675:Central Highlands
1493:
1492:
1458:Chinese dominated
1244:Vietnamese poetry
1105:Empire of Vietnam
1029:
1028:
983:Sindhi literature
963:Korean literature
953:Indian literature
938:Arabic literature
933:Afghan literature
918:Modern literature
731:Nguyễn Đình Chiểu
624:Works written in
617:
616:
579:
578:
541:
540:
492:Nam quốc sơn hà (
420:Đại Việt thông sử
382:Truyền kỳ mạn lục
214:Vietnamese poetry
148:Vietnamese poetry
123:Francisco de Pina
92:Chinese dynasties
76:Vietnamese poetry
68:Song thất lục bát
16:(Redirected from
3120:
3072:Christmas Island
3057:Dependencies and
2760:Sovereign states
2753:Asian literature
2746:
2739:
2732:
2723:
2722:
2699:
2692:
2357:
2356:
2265:
2264:
2096:Renewable energy
2086:
2078:
2056:
2055:
1963:
1962:
1762:
1761:
1734:Fatherland Front
1717:
1716:
1583:
1582:
1504:
1503:
1436:
1435:
1373:
1366:
1359:
1350:
1349:
1305:
1304:
1296:
1290:
1280:
1274:
1273:
1265:
1207:
1202:Việt Nam sử lược
1192:Nguyễn Văn Thiệu
1184:Nghiêm Xuân Hồng
1037:French Indochina
1021:
1014:
1007:
922:
921:
909:
897:
885:
873:
861:
849:
820:
810:
803:
793:
787:after retirement
782:
772:
762:
752:
742:
728:
718:
704:
693:Nguyễn Gia Thiều
690:
673:
651:
590:
586:
552:
548:
499:
495:
489:
476:
464:in Japan in 1905
459:
449:
444:Phủ biên tạp lục
439:
434:Vân đài loại ngữ
425:
411:
401:
387:
369:
355:
350:Bình Ngô đại cáo
341:
331:
326:Đại Việt sử lược
313:
299:
289:
275:
261:
248:
226:
127:French Indochina
104:Chinese radicals
52:Literary Chinese
36:Văn học Việt Nam
21:
3128:
3127:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3098:
3097:
3096:
3091:
3060:
3058:
3051:
3032:Northern Cyprus
3020:
3018:
3011:
2802:Burma (Myanmar)
2755:
2750:
2720:
2715:
2702:
2695:
2688:
2671:
2454:
2355:
2341:Public holidays
2324:Sex trafficking
2250:
2227:
2123:Five-Year Plans
2084:
2076:
2037:
2012:
2010:Public Security
2004:
1961:
1934:
1930:Military Courts
1896:
1863:
1818:
1766:Communist Party
1760:
1698:
1624:
1620:Electoral units
1581:
1538:Protected areas
1489:
1468:French colonial
1434:
1386:
1377:
1309:
1308:
1297:
1293:
1281:
1277:
1266:
1262:
1257:
1235:
1168:Thanh Tâm Tuyền
1156:Nguyễn Đình Thi
1098:
1025:
988:Urdu literature
920:
913:
910:
901:
898:
889:
886:
877:
874:
865:
862:
853:
850:
777:Quốc âm thi tập
707:Nguyễn Thị Bích
622:
471:Nam quốc sơn hà
468:
284:An Nam chí lược
243:Nam quốc sơn hà
239:(modern Hanoi).
197:
191:
186:
158:
146:Main articles:
144:
142:Folk literature
139:
112:Tây Sơn dynasty
84:
42:: 文學越南) is the
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12:
11:
5:
3126:
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2464:
2462:
2456:
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2450:
2445:
2440:
2435:
2430:
2428:Folk religions
2420:
2415:
2410:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2398:
2393:
2383:
2382:
2381:
2376:
2365:
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2348:
2343:
2338:
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2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2306:
2305:
2304:
2303:hybrid variant
2291:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2268:
2262:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2246:Rail transport
2243:
2237:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2186:
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2179:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2147:
2142:
2141:
2140:
2135:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2106:Power stations
2103:
2098:
2088:
2080:
2077:("Renovation")
2070:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2039:
2038:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2017:
2006:
2005:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1969:
1967:
1960:
1959:
1954:
1948:
1946:
1940:
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1936:
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1932:
1927:
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1912:
1906:
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1889:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1847:Prime Minister
1844:
1839:
1838:
1837:
1835:Vice President
1826:
1824:
1820:
1819:
1817:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
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1781:
1776:
1770:
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1650:
1645:
1634:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1612:
1610:District-level
1607:
1602:
1600:Municipalities
1597:
1591:
1589:
1580:
1579:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1547:
1546:
1545:
1543:National parks
1535:
1530:
1525:
1524:
1523:
1521:Climate change
1513:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1494:
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1396:
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1341:
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1320:
1307:
1306:
1291:
1275:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1252:
1251:
1246:
1241:
1239:Vietnamese art
1234:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1223:
1220:Vũ Trọng Phụng
1213:
1210:Trần Trọng Kim
1089:Vũ Trọng Phụng
1027:
1026:
1024:
1023:
1016:
1009:
1001:
998:
997:
996:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
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950:
945:
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935:
927:
926:
919:
916:
915:
914:
911:
904:
902:
899:
892:
890:
887:
880:
878:
875:
868:
866:
864:Bánh Trôi Nước
863:
856:
854:
851:
844:
841:
840:
834:
828:
812:
805:
795:
788:
774:
764:
754:
744:
734:
720:
710:
696:
682:
668:Chinh phụ ngâm
621:
618:
615:
614:
610:
609:
605:
604:
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577:
576:
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539:
538:
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531:
530:
527:
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522:
519:
515:
514:
511:
507:
506:
503:
479:Lý Thường Kiệt
466:
465:
451:
441:
431:
426:), history by
417:
406:Chinh phụ ngâm
403:
393:
392:, 16th century
379:
361:
347:
333:
323:
305:
291:
281:
267:
256:Đại Việt sử ký
253:
251:Lý Thường Kiệt
240:
221:Thiên đô chiếu
205:Chinese script
193:Main article:
190:
187:
185:
182:
174:culture heroes
143:
140:
138:
135:
88:under the rule
83:
80:
74:to be used in
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3125:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3105:
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3088:
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3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3054:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3042:South Ossetia
3040:
3038:
3035:
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3028:
3025:
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3014:
3008:
3005:
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3000:
2998:
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2898:
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2875:
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2855:
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2815:
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2800:
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2793:
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2775:
2773:
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2758:
2754:
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2724:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2703:
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2691:
2687:
2686:
2682:
2668:
2665:
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2660:
2658:
2655:
2651:
2648:
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2643:
2642:
2641:
2638:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2619:
2616:
2614:
2611:
2609:
2606:
2604:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2552:
2548:
2545:
2544:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2516:
2513:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2457:
2449:
2446:
2444:
2441:
2439:
2436:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2425:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2409:
2408:Ethnic groups
2406:
2402:
2399:
2397:
2394:
2392:
2389:
2388:
2387:
2384:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2371:
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2358:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2342:
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2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
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2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2310:
2307:
2302:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2290:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2282:
2278:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2257:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2241:Air transport
2239:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2173:
2170:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2152:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2128:Manufacturing
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2118:Foreign trade
2116:
2114:
2111:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2101:Nuclear power
2099:
2097:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2048:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2011:
2007:
2001:
1998:
1996:
1993:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1958:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1931:
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1915:Chief Justice
1913:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1899:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1881:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1870:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1836:
1833:
1832:
1831:
1828:
1827:
1825:
1821:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
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1800:
1797:
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1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1740:
1737:
1735:
1732:
1730:
1727:
1725:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1683:
1680:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1670:South Central
1668:
1666:
1665:North Central
1663:
1662:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1615:Commune-level
1613:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1596:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1584:
1578:
1575:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1548:
1544:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1484:
1483:South Vietnam
1481:
1479:
1478:North Vietnam
1476:
1475:
1474:
1471:
1469:
1466:
1464:
1461:
1459:
1456:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1426:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1416:
1413:
1411:
1408:
1406:
1403:
1401:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1374:
1369:
1367:
1362:
1360:
1355:
1354:
1351:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1302:
1295:
1287:
1284:
1279:
1271:
1264:
1260:
1250:
1247:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1227:
1224:
1221:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1203:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1188:Ngô Đình Diệm
1185:
1181:
1177:
1176:Vũ Khắc Khoan
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1140:South Vietnam
1137:
1136:North Vietnam
1133:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1038:
1034:
1022:
1017:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1003:
1002:
1000:
999:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
930:
929:
928:
924:
923:
912:Qua đèo Ngang
908:
903:
896:
891:
884:
879:
872:
867:
860:
855:
848:
843:
842:
838:
835:
832:
829:
827:
825:
816:
813:
806:
799:
796:
789:
786:
778:
775:
768:
765:
758:
755:
748:
745:
738:
735:
732:
724:
721:
714:
711:
708:
700:
697:
694:
686:
683:
681:
680:Đoàn Thị Điểm
677:
669:
666:
665:
664:
661:
659:
658:Hồ Xuân Hương
655:
654:Đặng Trần Côn
647:
643:
642:Đoàn Thị Điểm
639:
635:
631:
627:
612:
611:
607:
606:
602:
601:
597:
596:
592:
591:
585:
583:
574:
573:
569:
568:
564:
563:
559:
558:
554:
553:
547:
545:
536:
533:
532:
528:
525:
524:
520:
517:
516:
512:
509:
508:
504:
501:
500:
497:
488:
486:
482:
480:
472:
463:
462:Phan Bội Châu
455:
452:
445:
442:
435:
432:
429:
421:
418:
415:
414:Đặng Trần Côn
407:
404:
397:
394:
391:
383:
380:
377:
373:
365:
362:
359:
351:
348:
345:
337:
334:
327:
324:
321:
317:
309:
306:
303:
295:
292:
285:
282:
279:
278:Trần Hưng Đạo
271:
268:
265:
257:
254:
252:
244:
241:
238:
234:
230:
222:
219:
218:
217:
215:
210:
206:
202:
196:
181:
179:
175:
171:
167:
166:Lạc Long Quân
162:
157:
153:
149:
134:
132:
128:
124:
120:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
79:
77:
73:
72:reduplication
69:
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
19:
3001:
2987:Turkmenistan
2952:Saudi Arabia
2650:Martial arts
2541:
2473:Architecture
2443:Christianity
2361:Demographics
2319:Prostitution
2277:Universities
2223:Water supply
2073:
1983:Border Guard
1978:Ground Force
1966:Armed forces
1744:Human rights
1729:Constitution
1692:Mekong Delta
1319:of the site.
1300:
1294:
1285:
1283:George Cœdès
1278:
1269:
1263:
1196:
1144:Soviet Union
1129:
1113:
1097:
1030:
992:
888:Lục Vân Tiên
837:Tam thiên tự
822:
723:Lục Vân Tiên
699:Hạnh Thục ca
676:Phan Huy Ích
662:
645:
623:
581:
580:
543:
542:
491:
484:
483:
467:
198:
177:
169:
165:
163:
159:
116:
85:
27:
26:
3019:recognition
2937:Philippines
2882:South Korea
2877:North Korea
2767:Afghanistan
2613:Nationalism
2564:News Agency
2515:Ingredients
2206:Expressways
2194:Visa policy
2160:Measurement
2113:Foreign aid
2063:Agriculture
2000:Coast Guard
1868:Legislative
1463:Monarchical
1448:Prehistoric
1116:orthography
1085:Nguyễn Tuân
900:Truyện Kiều
807:Trinh thử (
785:Nguyễn Trãi
638:Truyện Kiều
376:Ngô Sĩ Liên
358:Nguyễn Trãi
344:Lý Tế Xuyên
322:(1452-1516)
302:Nguyễn Trãi
294:Gia huấn ca
229:Đại Cồ Việt
90:of various
3102:Categories
2997:Uzbekistan
2972:Tajikistan
2892:Kyrgyzstan
2872:Kazakhstan
2787:Bangladesh
2777:Azerbaijan
2623:Trotskyism
2598:Philosophy
2574:Newspapers
2559:Television
2554:Mass media
2542:Literature
2334:Corruption
2182:Censorship
2165:Inventions
2138:Automotive
2085:(currency)
1842:Government
1724:Censorship
1528:Ecoregions
1255:References
1148:Khrushchev
1130:After the
824:Faazin Gei
737:Nhị độ mai
544:Dịch nghĩa
428:Lê Quý Đôn
264:Lê Văn Hưu
117:While the
108:Hồ dynasty
48:Vietnamese
44:literature
32:Vietnamese
3082:Hong Kong
3037:Palestine
2962:Sri Lanka
2957:Singapore
2842:Indonesia
2618:Socialism
2608:Communism
2603:Anarchism
2532:Festivals
2493:Animation
2396:Phonology
2272:Education
2233:Transport
2201:Transport
2133:Standards
1995:Air Force
1902:Judiciary
1892:Elections
1859:Ministers
1830:President
1823:Executive
1799:Politburo
1687:Southeast
1653:Northwest
1648:Northeast
1595:Provinces
1587:Divisions
1499:Geography
1405:Dynasties
1313:Viettouch
1164:Hoàng Cầm
1077:Thạch Lam
1069:Xuân Diệu
1065:Nhất Linh
1061:Khái Hưng
1053:Phong Hóa
767:Phan Trần
634:Nguyễn Du
390:Nguyễn Dữ
3027:Abkhazia
2977:Thailand
2932:Pakistan
2917:Mongolia
2912:Maldives
2907:Malaysia
2807:Cambodia
2706:Category
2500:Clothing
2433:Buddhism
2423:Religion
2391:Alphabet
2386:Language
2314:Gambling
2294:COVID-19
2289:HIV/AIDS
2216:Airports
2211:Railways
2177:Internet
2028:Security
1944:Military
1887:Chairman
1712:Politics
1682:Southern
1638:Northern
1565:Molluscs
1550:Wildlife
1473:Republic
1440:Timeline
1420:Monarchs
1415:Military
1410:Economic
1400:Capitals
1384:articles
1233:See also
1172:Mai Thảo
1160:Trần Dần
1057:Ngày Nay
815:Hoa tiên
733:, d.1888
695:, d.1798
582:Dịch thơ
534:汝等行看取敗虛
526:如何逆虜來侵犯
518:截然定分在天書
510:南國山河南帝居
485:Phiên âm
372:Đại Việt
320:Vũ Quỳnh
316:Lĩnh Nam
110:and the
3002:Vietnam
2902:Lebanon
2832:Georgia
2782:Bahrain
2772:Armenia
2690:Outline
2662:Theater
2657:Symbols
2505:Cuisine
2460:Culture
2374:Eunuchs
2260:Society
2189:Tourism
2145:Poverty
2074:Doi Moi
2068:Banking
2051:Economy
2015:Militia
1660:Central
1630:Regions
1555:Mammals
1516:Climate
1511:Borders
1453:Ancient
1392:History
1380:Vietnam
1317:reviews
1093:Tô Hoài
1081:Huy Cận
876:Quả Mít
626:chữ Nôm
201:chữ Hán
189:Hán văn
100:Chữ Nôm
96:chữ Hán
82:History
64:Lục bát
56:chữ Nôm
40:chữ Hán
3047:Taiwan
2982:Turkey
2947:Russia
2887:Kuwait
2867:Jordan
2857:Israel
2817:Cyprus
2797:Brunei
2792:Bhutan
2711:Portal
2640:Sports
2547:Poetry
2527:Emblem
2510:Dishes
2488:Cinema
2483:Awards
2468:Anthem
2438:Taoism
2418:Racism
2369:People
2284:Health
2091:Energy
2023:Police
1605:Cities
1382:
1222:, 1936
1212:, 1921
1180:Mặc Đỗ
1162:, and
1152:Tố Hữu
1091:, and
1073:Thế Lữ
1047:. The
709:, 1885
640:(傳翹),
460:), by
416:d.1745
368:大越史記全書
280:, 1284
274:諭諸裨將檄文
266:, 1272
237:Đại La
233:Hoa Lư
154:, and
3087:Macau
3007:Yemen
2967:Syria
2942:Qatar
2922:Nepal
2862:Japan
2837:India
2827:Egypt
2812:China
2697:Index
2586:V-pop
2581:Music
2569:Voice
2522:Dance
2448:Islam
2351:Women
2309:Crime
2298:Delta
2083:Đồng
1560:Birds
1430:Naval
1425:Names
1216:Số đỏ
1208:) by
477:) by
458:越南亡國史
400:皇黎一統志
378:1479.
340:越甸幽靈集
304:1420s
231:from
170:Âu Cơ
137:Types
2927:Oman
2897:Laos
2852:Iraq
2847:Iran
2537:Flag
2413:Name
2346:Time
2301:cron
2296:and
2013:and
1990:Navy
1973:Army
1749:LGBT
1206:越南史略
1190:and
1182:and
1170:and
1138:and
1079:and
1055:and
802:宋珍菊花
792:石生新傳
781:國音詩集
761:范子玉花
751:范公菊花
727:蓼雲仙傳
717:六畜爭功
689:宮怨吟曲
678:and
650:征婦吟曲
494:南國山河
475:南國山河
448:撫邊雜錄
438:芸臺類語
430:1749
424:大越通史
386:傳奇漫錄
360:1428
354:平吳大誥
346:1400
330:大越史略
312:嶺南摭怪
288:安南志略
260:大越史記
247:南國山河
66:and
2478:Art
1756:Law
1218:by
741:貳度梅
703:行蜀歌
672:征婦吟
636:'s
620:Nôm
410:征婦吟
298:家訓歌
225:遷都詔
180:).
172:),
3104::
1178:,
1158:,
1154:,
1095:.
1087:,
1075:,
1071:,
1067:,
1063:,
819:花箋
809:貞鼠
771:潘陳
660:.
374:,
168:,
150:,
114:.
78:.
38:;
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