1159:, or the Annamese (Annan people). In addition, the national history tends to have a narrow view limited to modern national boundaries, leading to conclusions of exceptionalism. Although it is true that the political situation in the Red River Plain was less stable than in Guangzhou to the north, such circumstances were not restricted to the area. The Vietnamese national narrative retroactively assigns any local rebellions, the rise of local dynasties, and their local autonomy with the motive of seeking national independence. These early moves toward autonomy in the 10th century were fairly tame compared to the activities of people who cushioned them from more direct contact with
2578:
1785:
1035:
entirely from China. They did this to justify
European colonial rule in Vietnam. By portraying the Vietnamese as merely borrowers of civilization, the French situated themselves in a historical paradigm of bringing civilization to a backwards region of the world. French scholar Leonard Aurousseau argued that not only did Vietnam borrow culturally and politically from China, the population of Vietnam was also directly the result of migration from the state of
1771:
883:
1069:. They recorded that the Northern Empire suffered defeat for not respecting these views. However, scholars such as Nhi Hoang Thuc Nguyen argue that "the trope of a small country consistently repelling the China’s cultural force is a recent, postcolonial, mid-20th-century construction". Works by Japanese scholars in the 1970s as well as in the English language in the 1980s have taken on elements of the national school. Katakura Minoru's
47:
1757:
1049:
national
Vietnamese narrative depicts the Chinese as a corrupt and profit-driven people and merely the first of the foreign colonizing empires that were eventually driven from Vietnam. According to Catherine Churchman, this is not an entirely new historical tradition but a rewriting or updating of it, and has roots in
1138:
The
Vietnamese national narrative has introduced anachronisms in order to prove a unified Vietnamese national consciousness. The word Viet/Yue is often used to refer to an ethnic group when it had various meanings throughout history. There was no terminology to describe a Chinese-Vietnamese dichotomy
1134:
refers to the national struggle of the
Vietnamese people against foreign aggressors. Proponents of this historical narrative, such as Nguyen Khac Vien, characterize the history of Vietnam under Chinese rule as a "steadfast popular resistance marked by armed insurrections against foreign domination",
1048:
Another narrative, the national school of
Vietnamese history, portrays the period in "a militant, nationalistic, and very contemporary vision through which emerged a hypothetical substratum of an original Vietnam that was miraculously preserved throughout a millennium of the Chinese presence." The
1034:
History of
Vietnam being invaded and ruled by China rule has had substantial influence from French colonial scholarship and Vietnamese postcolonial national history writing. During the 19th century, the French promoted the view that Vietnam had little of its own culture and borrowed it almost
1004:
such as language, religion, art, and way of life constituted an important component of traditional
Vietnamese culture until modernity. This cultural affiliation with China remained true even when Vietnam was militarily defending itself against attempted invasions, such as against the
1163:
empires. Language has also been used as evidence for a distinct
Vietnamese identity in the Han-Tang period. However, some research points to the formation of a Vietnamese language only afterward as the result of a creolization and language shift involving
1039:
in China. This line of thought was followed by Joseph
Buttinger, who authored the first English language history book on Vietnamese history. He believed that to fight off the Chinese, the Vietnamese had to become like the Chinese.
1135:
while opponents such as
Churchman note the lack of evidence, anachronisms, linguistic problems, adherence to Chinese political and cultural norms, and similarities as well as differences with other peoples under Chinese rule.
3732:
1422:. This period saw the entrenchment of mandarin administration in Vietnam. The third period of Chinese rule concluded following the collapse of the Tang dynasty and the subsequent defeat of the Southern Han armada by
961:, Catherine Churchman, and Jaymin Kim assert these periods and stereotypes enveloped the narrative as modern constructs, however, and critique they being served for various nationalist and irredentist causes in
3591:
1093:
as terms to refer to political and cultural change in different directions. Works following the national school of Vietnamese history retroactively assign Vietnamese group consciousness to past periods
633:
981:
and adjacent areas. During the first three periods of Chinese rule, the pre-Sinitic indigenous culture was centered in the northern part of modern Vietnam, in the alluvial deltas of the
1110:
The argument for an intrinsic, intractable, and distinctly Southeast Asian Vietnamese identity in the Red River Plain throughout history has been categorized by Catherine Churchman as
1081:
to the founding of Dai Viet, which was the result of a thousand-year struggle against the Chinese that culminated in the restoration of Vietnamese sovereignty. Jennifer Holmgren's
933:(北屬, lit. "belonging to the north") (111 BC–939, 1407–1428) refers to four historical periods when several portions of modern-day Northern Vietnam was under the rule of various
957:
during the 15th century is usually excluded by historians in their discussion of the main, almost continuous, period of Chinese rule from 111 BC to 939 AD. Historians such as
1102:
era) based on evidence in later eras. The national school of Vietnamese history has remained practically unchanged since the 1980s and has become the national orthodoxy.
3742:
3809:
2666:
2566:
3493:
3616:
1126:
refers to the downplaying of similarities between Vietnam and China while emphasizing Vietnam's Southeast Asian identity in the postcolonial period.
2806:
3684:
2544:
1938:
Brindley, Erica Fox (2018). "The People Between the Rivers: The Rise and Fall of a Bronze Drum Culture, 200–750 CE by Catherine Churchman".
2651:
911:
3774:
969:, and other countries. Museums in Vietnam often completely omit periods of Chinese rule, skipping over large periods of its own history.
2671:
977:
The four periods of Chinese rule did not correspond to the modern borders of Vietnam, but were mainly limited to the area around the
587:
3249:
2559:
3002:
2887:
1193:
1176:
The periods of Chinese rule over Vietnam also saw the linguistic transformations of several lects in Northern Vietnam, including
3814:
2942:
2060:
833:
2686:
2523:
2505:
2486:
2463:
2407:
2370:
2351:
2087:
1922:
564:
3854:
3849:
3707:
3703:
3513:
3207:
3165:
3108:
1359:
Chinese rule was restored after the Trung sisters' rebellion. The second period of Chinese rule was ended by the revolt of
310:
1427:
3696:
3691:
3523:
2552:
330:
290:
1130:
refers to an intrinsic Vietnamese "cultural core" that has always existed in the Red River Plain since time immemorial.
3864:
3859:
3679:
3621:
3457:
3322:
2228:
495:
3804:
3007:
2721:
2435:
2061:"Anti-Chinese Sentiment in Contemporary Vietnam: Constructing Nationalism, New Democracy, and the Use of "the Other""
1734:
1713:
1590:
1570:
1550:
1439:
1312:
838:
818:
704:
427:
348:
231:
3869:
3651:
3244:
3192:
2831:
2821:
2631:
1686:
1659:
1632:
1611:
1529:
1376:
1260:
904:
3824:
3784:
3503:
3447:
3397:
3202:
3182:
3160:
3033:
2952:
2836:
2726:
1339:
993:. Ten centuries of Chinese rule left a substantial genetic footprint, with settlement by large numbers of ethnic
774:
1463:
3747:
3554:
3427:
3392:
3382:
3254:
3229:
3120:
3115:
3068:
3048:
3043:
2932:
2816:
2781:
2766:
2751:
2646:
1053:, which portrayed itself as the Southern Empire equal to the Northern Empire (China). Dai Viet literati of the
2574:
3478:
3377:
3214:
3197:
3177:
3083:
3017:
2982:
2892:
2771:
1139:
during the Han-Tang period nor was there a term to describe a cohesive group inhabiting the area between the
281:
173:
2210:
3641:
3626:
3488:
3462:
3412:
3307:
3234:
3172:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3063:
2997:
2967:
2927:
2902:
2871:
2846:
2696:
2676:
2641:
2626:
1363:, who took advantage of the internal disorder of the waning Liang dynasty. Lý Bôn subsequently founded the
934:
823:
794:
524:
1061:
dynasties sought an ancient origin for their autonomy prior to Chinese rule and traced their genealogy to
56:
3533:
3452:
3417:
3387:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3342:
3332:
3327:
3312:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3259:
3150:
3130:
3073:
3038:
3012:
2972:
2957:
2947:
2907:
2897:
2856:
2826:
2811:
2796:
2786:
2776:
2741:
2736:
2691:
2661:
2636:
2611:
1798:
1300:
897:
863:
848:
843:
828:
514:
300:
26:
3762:
3636:
3442:
3432:
3422:
3407:
3402:
3372:
3347:
3337:
3317:
3239:
3098:
3058:
3053:
2987:
2977:
2917:
2912:
2866:
2861:
2801:
2756:
2716:
2706:
2616:
2582:
1627:
1399:
367:
2539:
1866:
3528:
3518:
3498:
3437:
3367:
3271:
3219:
3187:
3155:
3103:
3078:
2962:
2922:
2841:
2791:
2746:
2731:
2711:
2701:
2681:
2621:
1691:
1664:
1637:
1565:
1335:
1144:
163:
3717:
3712:
3611:
3508:
3483:
3125:
3093:
3088:
2992:
2937:
2851:
2761:
2656:
2478:
1225:
1213:
958:
858:
1419:
1192:
and many other languages. These languages are often referred to as a regional sprachbund known as
1066:
240:
128:
3737:
1229:
3819:
3646:
3631:
3596:
3586:
3224:
1296:
1148:
754:
608:
118:
3549:
941:
in Vietnamese historiography is traditionally considered to have started in 111 BC, when the
457:
1803:
1217:
467:
203:
8:
3797:
3767:
3727:
3601:
1181:
138:
1479:
1471:
1364:
387:
320:
1955:
1360:
1295:
is traditionally considered to have started following the Western Han's victory in the
1209:
1160:
1010:
504:
477:
35:
657:
3792:
3779:
2519:
2501:
2482:
2459:
2431:
2403:
2366:
2347:
2224:
1959:
1918:
1915:
The People Between the Rivers: The Rise and Fall of a Bronze Drum Culture, 200–750 CE
1327:
1283:
1275:
1220:; while at another extreme, the Southern Vietic languages have robustly polysyllabic
1062:
784:
546:
263:
183:
76:
2216:
1947:
1585:
1343:
1078:
1054:
1014:
853:
597:
535:
407:
193:
1423:
1304:
764:
213:
3757:
3722:
1001:
978:
447:
2475:
Nguyen Cochinchina: Southern Vietnam in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries
377:
3752:
2212:
The Languages and Linguistics of Mainland Southeast Asia: A Comprehensive Guide
1776:
1762:
1467:
1189:
1165:
1073:
emphasizes the innate characteristics of the Vietnamese people. Keith Taylor's
887:
868:
647:
417:
1431:
1018:
950:
357:
3843:
1351:
1177:
619:
573:
1854:
Information pertaining to the population size in the census did not survive.
1487:
1475:
1462:
Vietnam was brought under the control of China following the Ming dynasty's
1058:
437:
397:
253:
1808:
1790:
1729:
1708:
1681:
1654:
1454:
1403:
1395:
1205:
1185:
1099:
1077:(1983) asserts a strong continuity from the semi-legendary kingdoms of the
1006:
986:
954:
744:
734:
2220:
1951:
1196:. Vietnamese and Muong, under heavy linguistic influence from Chinese and
1606:
1545:
1524:
1391:
1347:
1279:
1201:
1140:
1095:
1036:
994:
942:
675:
66:
2456:
Southeast Asia: A Historical Encyclopedia, from Angkor Wat to East Timor
990:
1863:
1836:
The census for Phuc Loc, Luc, Truong and Dien counties did not survive.
1331:
982:
149:
97:
87:
1197:
108:
1143:
and the Red River. During the Tang period, the indigenous people of
1221:
1050:
153:
46:
16:
Four historical periods when Vietnam was ruled by Chinese dynasties
966:
724:
1418:
The Sui dynasty reincorporated Vietnam into China following the
2447:
The World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia - Volume 6
946:
714:
694:
2344:
Societies, Networks, and Transitions: A Global History To 1500
3606:
2577:
962:
953:
was founded. A fourth, relatively brief, 20-year rule by the
684:
997:, while opening up Vietnam for trade and cultural exchange.
1021:
literature in the aftermath of the expulsion of the Ming.
2178:
2166:
2118:
2094:
2043:
2041:
1867:
Southeast Asia in the Ming Shi-lu: an open access resource
2002:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2259:
2257:
1827:
The 140 census for the Hong River Delta did not survive.
2244:
2242:
2240:
2190:
2130:
2106:
2038:
949:(Vietnamese "Nam Việt") and lasted until 939, when the
2428:
The Ethnic Chinese and Economic Development in Vietnam
2400:
Silk for Silver: Dutch-Vietnamese relations, 1637-1700
2540:
Vietnam under Chinese rule on Encyclopædia Britannica
2281:
2269:
2254:
2154:
2142:
2075:
1966:
1043:
2309:
2307:
2237:
1978:
1752:
1017:
in the 20th century, despite the rise in vernacular
1882:
1470:. The fourth period of Chinese rule ended when the
2014:
1894:
1478:emerged successful. Lê Lợi then reestablished the
2319:
2304:
2026:
1990:
972:
3841:
1447:
1384:
1320:
1268:
1845:The census for Phuc Loc county did not survive.
1367:, with the official dynastic name "Vạn Xuân" (
1013:remained the official script of Vietnam until
2560:
2513:
2421:, Los Angeles: University of California Press
2419:The Vermilion Bird: T'ang Images of the South
1240:The four periods of Chinese rule in Vietnam:
905:
2209:Sidwell, Paul; Jenny, Mathias, eds. (2021).
2208:
1083:The Chinese Colonisation of Northern Vietnam
3775:Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership
2379:
2086:sfn error: no target: CITEREFReidTran2006 (
2008:
3576:
2567:
2553:
1235:
912:
898:
2514:Reid, Anthony; Tran, Nhung Tuyet (2006).
2196:
2184:
2172:
2136:
2124:
2112:
2100:
2047:
1912:
2430:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
2202:
2081:
1937:
1692:Protectorate General to Pacify the South
1665:Protectorate General to Pacify the South
1638:Protectorate General to Pacify the South
1029:
2594:
2416:
2384:. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
2341:
2148:
1972:
1917:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
1194:Mainland Southeast Asia linguistic area
1171:
3842:
2495:
2391:Thailand, Indochina and Burma Handbook
2360:
2298:
2275:
2263:
2248:
2160:
1984:
3668:
3575:
2593:
2548:
2397:
2388:
2020:
1888:
2425:
1996:
634:Provisional Revolutionary Government
245:
2453:
1900:
13:
3680:Central Foreign Affairs Commission
2500:, University of California Press,
2472:
2444:
2393:. Trade & Travel Publications.
2382:Ethnic Chinese As Southeast Asians
2325:
2313:
2032:
1044:Vietnamese national historiography
14:
3881:
3805:Shanghai Cooperation Organisation
2667:Congo, Democratic Republic of the
2533:
2518:. University of Wisconsin Press.
1735:Fourth Era of Northern Domination
1714:Fourth Era of Northern Domination
1591:Second Era of Northern Domination
1571:Second Era of Northern Domination
1551:Second Era of Northern Domination
1440:Fourth Era of Northern Domination
1430:. Ngô Quyền later proclaimed the
1313:Second Era of Northern Domination
1224:and derivational or inflectional
1024:
2576:
1783:
1769:
1755:
1687:Third Era of Northern Domination
1660:Third Era of Northern Domination
1633:Third Era of Northern Domination
1612:Third Era of Northern Domination
1530:First Era of Northern Domination
1377:Third Era of Northern Domination
1261:First Era of Northern Domination
1212:of Chinese loan words to become
881:
578:(Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
45:
3825:Xi Jinping Thought on Diplomacy
3733:Dates of diplomatic recognition
2417:Schafer, Edward Hetzel (1967),
2053:
1857:
1848:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1105:
3748:Foreign relations of Hong Kong
2516:Viet Nam: Borderless Histories
1931:
1906:
1483:
1443:
1380:
1368:
1316:
1264:
973:Geographical extent and impact
588:Provisional Central Government
1:
3669:
2496:Taylor, Keith Weller (1983),
2215:. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.
1913:Churchman, Catherine (2016).
1875:
1496:
3704:Diplomatic missions of China
1071:Chūgoku shihaika no betonamu
705:Cát Tiên archaeological site
7:
3855:Historical regions of China
3692:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2454:Ooi, Keat Gin, ed. (2004).
2361:Walker, Hugh Dyson (2012).
1748:
638:(Republic of South Vietnam)
10:
3886:
3763:Political status of Taiwan
2583:Foreign relations of China
2342:Lockard, Craig A. (2010).
2335:
1299:. It ended with the brief
1200:languages, have completed
925:Vietnam under Chinese rule
368:Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
3865:1st millennium in Vietnam
3860:History of Imperial China
3675:
3664:
3582:
3571:
3542:
3471:
3280:
3026:
2880:
2604:
2600:
2589:
2380:Suryadinata, Leo (1997).
3789:Major historical splits
3713:Belt and Road Initiative
2652:Central African Republic
2498:The Birth of the Vietnam
2479:Cornell University Press
2398:Hoang, Anh Tuấn (2007).
2363:East Asia: A New History
1814:
1151:were referred to as the
301:Trung sisters' rebellion
3870:15th century in Vietnam
3850:China–Vietnam relations
3738:Foreign policy of China
3652:China and the Antarctic
3617:China–Japan–South Korea
1799:China–Vietnam relations
1246:Period of Chinese rule
1236:Periods of Chinese rule
1230:Austroasiatic languages
1228:much like conservative
1155:(Wild Barbarians), the
795:Principality of Hà Tiên
3820:Wolf warrior diplomacy
3647:Arctic policy of China
3587:BCIM Economic Corridor
3577:Multilateral relations
2672:Congo, Republic of the
2389:Eliot, Joshua (1995).
1448:
1385:
1321:
1270:Bắc thuộc lần thứ nhất
1269:
1065:or the semi-legendary
676:Non-Vietnamese history
428:4th Chinese domination
331:3rd Chinese domination
311:2nd Chinese domination
291:1st Chinese domination
3743:Foreign Relations Law
3718:China's peaceful rise
2807:São Tomé and Príncipe
2449:. Marshall Cavendish.
2221:10.1515/9783110558142
1952:10.1353/asi.2018.0007
1322:Bắc thuộc lần thứ hai
1030:French historiography
624:(Republic of Vietnam)
541:1887–1945 / 1945–1954
529:1883–1945 / 1946–1948
519:1883–1945 / 1945–1948
509:1862–1945 / 1945–1949
3250:United Arab Emirates
2426:Trần, Khánh (1993).
2346:. Cengage Learning.
2082:Reid & Tran 2006
2063:. Trinity University
1804:Chinese expansionism
1449:Bắc thuộc lần thứ tư
1406:(sometimes counted)
1404:Southern Han dynasty
1386:Bắc thuộc lần thứ ba
1291:The first period of
1172:Linguistic influence
1075:The Birth of Vietnam
609:North–South division
458:Later Lê Restoration
164:Phùng Nguyên culture
3768:Chinese unification
3728:Confucius Institute
3265:Northern Domination
3003:Trinidad and Tobago
2888:Antigua and Barbuda
2595:Bilateral relations
1466:of the short-lived
1428:Battle of Bạch Đằng
1348:Southern Qi dynasty
1340:Eastern Jin dynasty
1336:Western Jin dynasty
1328:Eastern Han dynasty
1284:Eastern Han dynasty
1276:Western Han dynasty
1206:monosyllabicization
1128:Cultural continuity
1116:cultural continuity
1015:French colonization
834:Historical capitals
755:Nung-Zhuang kingdom
102:12,000 BC–10,000 BC
81:20,000 BC–12,000 BC
2943:Dominican Republic
1940:Asian Perspectives
1332:Eastern Wu dynasty
1210:grammaticalization
1161:Southern dynasties
1011:Chinese characters
888:Vietnam portal
505:French Cochinchina
123:10,000 BC–8,000 BC
3837:
3836:
3833:
3832:
3815:Theater diplomacy
3780:Stadium diplomacy
3700:
3688:
3685:General Secretary
3660:
3659:
3567:
3566:
3563:
3562:
2687:Equatorial Guinea
2525:978-1-316-44504-4
2507:978-0-520-07417-0
2488:978-1-501-73257-7
2473:Li, Tana (2018).
2465:978-1-576-07771-9
2409:978-9-04-742169-6
2372:978-1-477-26516-1
2353:978-1-439-08535-6
1924:978-1-442-25861-7
1746:
1745:
1494:
1493:
1067:Hồng Bàng dynasty
935:Chinese dynasties
922:
921:
803:
802:
785:Sip Song Chau Tai
666:
665:
639:
625:
579:
555:
554:
547:Empire of Vietnam
486:
485:
339:
338:
272:
271:
241:Hồng Bàng dynasty
222:
221:
208:(1,000 BC–200 AD)
198:(1,000 BC–100 AD)
178:1,500 BC–1,000 BC
168:2,000 BC–1,500 BC
143:4,000 BC–3,000 BC
133:8,000 BC–6,000 BC
129:Quỳnh Văn culture
3877:
3785:String of Pearls
3697:Foreign Minister
3694:
3682:
3666:
3665:
3573:
3572:
3514:Papua New Guinea
2602:
2601:
2591:
2590:
2581:
2580:
2569:
2562:
2555:
2546:
2545:
2529:
2510:
2492:
2469:
2450:
2441:
2422:
2413:
2394:
2385:
2376:
2357:
2329:
2323:
2317:
2311:
2302:
2296:
2279:
2273:
2267:
2261:
2252:
2246:
2235:
2234:
2206:
2200:
2194:
2188:
2187:, p. 74-75.
2182:
2176:
2175:, p. 26-27.
2170:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2127:, p. 27-29.
2122:
2116:
2110:
2104:
2103:, p. 24-25.
2098:
2092:
2091:
2079:
2073:
2072:
2070:
2068:
2057:
2051:
2045:
2036:
2030:
2024:
2018:
2012:
2009:Suryadinata 1997
2006:
2000:
1994:
1988:
1982:
1976:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1935:
1929:
1928:
1910:
1904:
1898:
1892:
1886:
1869:
1861:
1855:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1837:
1834:
1828:
1825:
1793:
1788:
1787:
1786:
1779:
1774:
1773:
1772:
1765:
1760:
1759:
1758:
1586:Liu Song dynasty
1501:
1500:
1486:) under the new
1485:
1472:Lam Sơn uprising
1451:
1445:
1420:Sui–Early Lý War
1388:
1382:
1370:
1365:Early Lý dynasty
1344:Liu Song dynasty
1324:
1318:
1272:
1266:
1249:Chinese dynasty
1243:
1242:
914:
907:
900:
886:
885:
884:
681:
680:
637:
623:
598:State of Vietnam
577:
570:
569:
536:French Indochina
501:
500:
438:Later Lê dynasty
398:Later Lý dynasty
388:Early Lê dynasty
354:
353:
321:Early Lý dynasty
287:
286:
247:
237:
236:
204:Sa Huỳnh culture
194:Dong Son culture
174:Đồng Đậu culture
62:
61:
49:
39:
21:
20:
3885:
3884:
3880:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3874:
3840:
3839:
3838:
3829:
3758:Panda diplomacy
3723:Chinese Century
3671:
3656:
3578:
3559:
3538:
3524:Solomon Islands
3467:
3276:
3022:
2876:
2596:
2585:
2575:
2573:
2536:
2526:
2508:
2489:
2466:
2445:Ms, Cc (2007).
2438:
2410:
2373:
2365:. AuthorHouse.
2354:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2324:
2320:
2312:
2305:
2297:
2282:
2274:
2270:
2262:
2255:
2247:
2238:
2231:
2207:
2203:
2195:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2159:
2155:
2147:
2143:
2135:
2131:
2123:
2119:
2111:
2107:
2099:
2095:
2085:
2080:
2076:
2066:
2064:
2059:
2058:
2054:
2046:
2039:
2031:
2027:
2019:
2015:
2007:
2003:
1995:
1991:
1983:
1979:
1971:
1967:
1936:
1932:
1925:
1911:
1907:
1903:, p. 1296.
1899:
1895:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1862:
1858:
1853:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1831:
1826:
1822:
1817:
1789:
1784:
1782:
1775:
1770:
1768:
1761:
1756:
1754:
1751:
1689:
1662:
1635:
1628:Wu Zhou dynasty
1507:Chinese dynasty
1499:
1446:
1442:
1414:
1410:
1402:
1400:Wu Zhou dynasty
1398:
1394:
1383:
1379:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1319:
1315:
1282:
1278:
1267:
1263:
1238:
1174:
1149:Jinghai Circuit
1108:
1079:Red River Plain
1046:
1032:
1027:
1002:Chinese culture
979:Red River Delta
975:
959:Keith W. Taylor
918:
882:
880:
875:
874:
873:
813:
805:
804:
678:
668:
667:
636:
622:
576:
567:
557:
556:
498:
488:
487:
468:Tây Sơn dynasty
351:
341:
340:
284:
274:
273:
234:
224:
223:
119:Bắc Sơn culture
59:
37:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3883:
3873:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3857:
3852:
3835:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3795:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3771:
3770:
3760:
3755:
3753:Nine-dash line
3750:
3745:
3740:
3735:
3730:
3725:
3720:
3715:
3710:
3701:
3689:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3642:United Nations
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3622:European Union
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3569:
3568:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3557:
3552:
3546:
3544:
3540:
3539:
3537:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3475:
3473:
3469:
3468:
3466:
3465:
3460:
3458:United Kingdom
3455:
3450:
3445:
3440:
3435:
3430:
3425:
3420:
3415:
3410:
3405:
3400:
3395:
3390:
3385:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3323:Czech Republic
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3295:
3290:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3211:
3210:
3200:
3195:
3190:
3185:
3180:
3175:
3170:
3169:
3168:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3112:
3111:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3021:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2935:
2930:
2925:
2920:
2915:
2910:
2905:
2900:
2895:
2890:
2884:
2882:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2608:
2606:
2598:
2597:
2587:
2586:
2572:
2571:
2564:
2557:
2549:
2543:
2542:
2535:
2534:External links
2532:
2531:
2530:
2524:
2511:
2506:
2493:
2487:
2470:
2464:
2451:
2442:
2436:
2423:
2414:
2408:
2395:
2386:
2377:
2371:
2358:
2352:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2328:, p. 159.
2318:
2316:, p. 166.
2303:
2301:, p. 176.
2280:
2278:, p. 167.
2268:
2266:, p. 120.
2253:
2236:
2230:978-3110556063
2229:
2201:
2197:Churchman 2016
2189:
2185:Churchman 2016
2177:
2173:Churchman 2016
2165:
2163:, p. 149.
2153:
2141:
2137:Churchman 2016
2129:
2125:Churchman 2016
2117:
2113:Churchman 2016
2105:
2101:Churchman 2016
2093:
2074:
2052:
2048:Churchman 2016
2037:
2035:, p. 828.
2025:
2013:
2011:, p. 268.
2001:
1989:
1987:, p. 269.
1977:
1975:, p. 125.
1965:
1946:(1): 179–181.
1930:
1923:
1905:
1893:
1891:, p. 557.
1880:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1870:
1856:
1847:
1838:
1829:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1813:
1812:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1795:
1794:
1780:
1777:Vietnam portal
1766:
1763:History portal
1750:
1747:
1744:
1743:
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1727:
1723:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1711:
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1630:
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1620:
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1614:
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1600:
1599:
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1593:
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1580:
1579:
1576:
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1563:
1560:
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1548:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1535:
1532:
1527:
1522:
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1498:
1495:
1492:
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1460:
1457:
1452:
1436:
1435:
1416:
1407:
1389:
1373:
1372:
1357:
1354:
1325:
1309:
1308:
1297:Han–Nanyue War
1289:
1286:
1273:
1257:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1237:
1234:
1218:aspect markers
1173:
1170:
1166:Middle Chinese
1107:
1104:
1091:Vietnamization
1045:
1042:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1025:Historiography
1023:
974:
971:
920:
919:
917:
916:
909:
902:
894:
891:
890:
877:
876:
872:
871:
869:Indochina Wars
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
815:
814:
811:
810:
807:
806:
801:
800:
797:
791:
790:
787:
781:
780:
777:
775:Jarai kingdoms
771:
770:
767:
761:
760:
757:
751:
750:
747:
741:
740:
737:
731:
730:
727:
721:
720:
717:
711:
710:
707:
701:
700:
697:
691:
690:
687:
679:
674:
673:
670:
669:
664:
663:
660:
654:
653:
650:
648:Subsidy period
644:
643:
640:
630:
629:
626:
616:
615:
612:
604:
603:
600:
594:
593:
590:
584:
583:
580:
568:
563:
562:
559:
558:
553:
552:
549:
543:
542:
539:
531:
530:
527:
521:
520:
517:
511:
510:
507:
499:
494:
493:
490:
489:
484:
483:
480:
478:Nguyễn dynasty
474:
473:
470:
464:
463:
460:
454:
453:
450:
444:
443:
440:
434:
433:
430:
424:
423:
420:
414:
413:
410:
404:
403:
400:
394:
393:
390:
384:
383:
380:
374:
373:
370:
364:
363:
360:
352:
347:
346:
343:
342:
337:
336:
333:
327:
326:
323:
317:
316:
313:
307:
306:
303:
297:
296:
293:
285:
280:
279:
276:
275:
270:
269:
266:
260:
259:
256:
250:
249:
243:
235:
230:
229:
226:
225:
220:
219:
216:
210:
209:
206:
200:
199:
196:
190:
189:
186:
184:Gò Mun culture
180:
179:
176:
170:
169:
166:
160:
159:
157:
145:
144:
141:
139:Đa Bút culture
135:
134:
131:
125:
124:
121:
115:
114:
112:
104:
103:
100:
94:
93:
91:
83:
82:
79:
77:Sơn Vi culture
73:
72:
70:
60:
55:
54:
51:
50:
42:
41:
32:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3882:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3705:
3702:
3698:
3693:
3690:
3686:
3681:
3678:
3677:
3674:
3667:
3663:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3627:Latin America
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3581:
3574:
3570:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3547:
3545:
3543:Former states
3541:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3439:
3436:
3434:
3431:
3429:
3426:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3394:
3391:
3389:
3386:
3384:
3381:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3194:
3191:
3189:
3186:
3184:
3181:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3163:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3110:
3107:
3106:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3025:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3008:United States
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2934:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2916:
2914:
2911:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:
2899:
2896:
2894:
2891:
2889:
2886:
2885:
2883:
2879:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2725:
2723:
2722:Guinea-Bissau
2720:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2698:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2592:
2588:
2584:
2579:
2570:
2565:
2563:
2558:
2556:
2551:
2550:
2547:
2541:
2538:
2537:
2527:
2521:
2517:
2512:
2509:
2503:
2499:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2457:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2437:9789813016668
2433:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2415:
2411:
2405:
2401:
2396:
2392:
2387:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2368:
2364:
2359:
2355:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2339:
2327:
2322:
2315:
2310:
2308:
2300:
2295:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2277:
2272:
2265:
2260:
2258:
2251:, p. 56.
2250:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2232:
2226:
2222:
2218:
2214:
2213:
2205:
2199:, p. 28.
2198:
2193:
2186:
2181:
2174:
2169:
2162:
2157:
2151:, p. 53.
2150:
2145:
2139:, p. 26.
2138:
2133:
2126:
2121:
2115:, p. 27.
2114:
2109:
2102:
2097:
2089:
2083:
2078:
2062:
2056:
2050:, p. 24.
2049:
2044:
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2034:
2029:
2023:, p. 15.
2022:
2017:
2010:
2005:
1999:, p. 14.
1998:
1993:
1986:
1981:
1974:
1969:
1961:
1957:
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1949:
1945:
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1926:
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1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1489:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1459:AD 1407–1428
1458:
1456:
1453:
1450:
1441:
1438:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1417:
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1397:
1393:
1390:
1387:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1352:Liang dynasty
1349:
1345:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1306:
1305:Trưng sisters
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1288:111 BC–AD 40
1287:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1262:
1259:
1258:
1254:
1251:
1248:
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1199:
1195:
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1129:
1125:
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1103:
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1097:
1092:
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1080:
1076:
1072:
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992:
988:
984:
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968:
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948:
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936:
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768:
766:
763:
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661:
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656:
655:
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649:
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641:
635:
632:
631:
627:
621:
620:South Vietnam
618:
617:
613:
611:
610:
606:
605:
601:
599:
596:
595:
591:
589:
586:
585:
581:
575:
574:North Vietnam
572:
571:
566:
561:
560:
550:
548:
545:
544:
540:
538:
537:
533:
532:
528:
526:
525:French Tonkin
523:
522:
518:
516:
513:
512:
508:
506:
503:
502:
497:
492:
491:
481:
479:
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314:
312:
309:
308:
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302:
299:
298:
294:
292:
289:
288:
283:
278:
277:
268:204 BC–111 BC
267:
265:
264:Triệu dynasty
262:
261:
258:257 BC–179 BC
257:
255:
252:
251:
244:
242:
239:
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233:
228:
227:
217:
215:
214:Óc Eo culture
212:
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177:
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69:
68:
64:
63:
58:
53:
52:
48:
44:
43:
40:
34:
33:
28:
23:
22:
19:
3550:Soviet Union
3463:Vatican City
3264:
3245:Turkmenistan
3193:Saudi Arabia
2832:South Africa
2822:Sierra Leone
2632:Burkina Faso
2515:
2497:
2474:
2458:. ABC-CLIO.
2455:
2446:
2427:
2418:
2399:
2390:
2381:
2362:
2343:
2321:
2271:
2211:
2204:
2192:
2180:
2168:
2156:
2149:Schafer 1967
2144:
2132:
2120:
2108:
2096:
2084:, p. 5.
2077:
2065:. Retrieved
2055:
2028:
2016:
2004:
1992:
1980:
1973:Lockard 2010
1968:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1914:
1908:
1896:
1884:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1809:Sinicization
1791:China portal
1730:Ming dynasty
1709:Ming dynasty
1682:Tang dynasty
1655:Tang dynasty
1455:Ming dynasty
1411:
1396:Tang dynasty
1292:
1255:Description
1239:
1175:
1156:
1152:
1137:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1109:
1106:Anachronisms
1090:
1087:Sinicization
1086:
1082:
1074:
1070:
1047:
1033:
1007:Yuan dynasty
1000:Elements of
999:
976:
955:Ming dynasty
938:
929:
928:
924:
923:
745:Dali Kingdom
735:Khmer Empire
662:1986–present
607:
534:
515:French Annam
408:Trần dynasty
378:Đinh dynasty
295:111 BC–40 AD
254:Thục dynasty
188:1,000–800 BC
148:
107:
86:
65:
18:
3637:Third World
3602:Arab League
3504:New Zealand
3448:Switzerland
3398:Netherlands
3203:South Korea
3183:Philippines
3161:North Korea
3034:Afghanistan
2953:El Salvador
2837:South Sudan
2727:Ivory Coast
2299:Taylor 1983
2276:Taylor 1983
2264:Taylor 1983
2249:Taylor 1983
2161:Taylor 1983
2067:26 December
1985:Walker 2012
1607:Sui dynasty
1566:Jin dynasty
1546:Han dynasty
1525:Han dynasty
1516:Population
1432:Ngô dynasty
1415:AD 602–939
1392:Sui dynasty
1280:Xin dynasty
1214:classifiers
1202:tonogenesis
1141:Pearl River
951:Ngô dynasty
943:Han dynasty
839:Immigration
819:Agriculture
448:Mạc dynasty
358:Ngô dynasty
67:Paleolithic
57:Prehistoric
36:History of
3844:Categories
3555:Yugoslavia
3494:Micronesia
3428:San Marino
3393:Montenegro
3383:Luxembourg
3255:Uzbekistan
3230:Tajikistan
3121:Kyrgyzstan
3116:Kazakhstan
3069:East Timor
3049:Bangladesh
3044:Azerbaijan
2933:Costa Rica
2817:Seychelles
2782:Mozambique
2767:Mauritania
2752:Madagascar
2647:Cape Verde
2021:Hoang 2007
1889:Eliot 1995
1876:References
1864:Ming Shilu
1742:1,900,000
1721:5,200,000
1497:Population
1488:Lê dynasty
1468:Hồ dynasty
1409:AD 602–905
1356:AD 43–544
1226:morphology
1182:Vietnamese
1132:Resistance
1120:resistance
945:conquered
418:Hồ dynasty
218:(1–630 AD)
98:Hoabinhian
88:Mesolithic
3670:Diplomacy
3612:Caribbean
3479:Australia
3378:Lithuania
3215:Sri Lanka
3198:Singapore
3178:Palestine
3084:Indonesia
3018:Venezuela
2983:Nicaragua
2893:Argentina
2772:Mauritius
2402:. Brill.
1997:Trần 1993
1960:166116726
1513:Household
1482:kingdom (
1424:Ngô Quyền
1293:Bắc thuộc
1222:morphemes
1198:Tai-Kadai
991:Mã Rivers
939:Bắc thuộc
930:Bắc thuộc
824:Dynasties
799:1707–1832
789:1600–1954
779:1100–1904
769:1061–1432
765:Ngưu Hống
759:1042–1052
652:1975–1986
642:1969–1976
628:1955–1975
614:1954–1976
602:1949–1955
592:1948–1949
582:1945–1976
482:1802–1945
472:1778–1802
462:1533–1789
452:1527–1592
442:1428–1527
432:1407–1427
422:1400–1407
412:1225–1400
402:1009–1225
282:Dominated
154:Iron Ages
109:Neolithic
3810:Treaties
3708:in China
3489:Kiribati
3413:Portugal
3308:Bulgaria
3235:Thailand
3173:Pakistan
3146:Mongolia
3141:Maldives
3136:Malaysia
3064:Cambodia
2998:Suriname
2968:Honduras
2928:Colombia
2903:Barbados
2881:Americas
2872:Zimbabwe
2847:Tanzania
2697:Ethiopia
2677:Djibouti
2642:Cameroon
2627:Botswana
1901:Ooi 2004
1749:See also
1739:450,288
1673:299,377
1646:148,431
1624:ca. 700
1558:310,570
1537:981,755
1534:143,643
1480:Đại Việt
1153:Wild Man
1063:Triệu Đà
1051:Dai Viet
849:Monarchs
844:Military
812:By topic
749:937–1253
739:802–1431
699:192–1832
565:Republic
496:Colonial
392:980–1009
349:Dynastic
27:a series
25:Part of
3798:Albania
3632:Oceania
3592:BIMSTEC
3534:Vanuatu
3472:Oceania
3453:Ukraine
3418:Romania
3388:Moldova
3363:Ireland
3358:Iceland
3353:Hungary
3343:Germany
3333:Finland
3328:Denmark
3313:Croatia
3303:Belgium
3298:Belarus
3293:Austria
3288:Albania
3260:Vietnam
3208:History
3166:History
3151:Myanmar
3131:Lebanon
3109:history
3074:Georgia
3039:Armenia
3013:Uruguay
2973:Jamaica
2958:Grenada
2948:Ecuador
2908:Bolivia
2898:Bahamas
2857:Tunisia
2827:Somalia
2812:Senegal
2797:Nigeria
2787:Namibia
2777:Morocco
2742:Liberia
2737:Lesotho
2692:Eritrea
2662:Comoros
2637:Burundi
2612:Algeria
2336:Sources
2326:Li 2018
2314:Li 2018
2033:Ms 2007
1697:40,486
1670:75,839
1643:38,626
1616:56,566
1595:10,453
1575:25,600
1555:64,776
1474:led by
1426:at the
1381:北屬𠞺次𠀧
1317:北屬𠞺次𠄩
1303:of the
1124:Context
1112:context
1019:chữ Nôm
967:Vietnam
829:Economy
729:738–902
725:Nanzhao
719:550–781
709:300–800
658:Đổi Mới
382:968–980
372:965–968
362:939–965
335:602–938
325:544–602
248:–258 BC
246:2879 BC
232:Ancient
38:Vietnam
3793:Soviet
3597:Africa
3443:Sweden
3433:Serbia
3423:Russia
3408:Poland
3403:Norway
3373:Kosovo
3348:Greece
3338:France
3318:Cyprus
3281:Europe
3240:Turkey
3225:Taiwan
3099:Israel
3059:Brunei
3054:Bhutan
2988:Panama
2978:Mexico
2918:Canada
2913:Brazil
2867:Zambia
2862:Uganda
2802:Rwanda
2757:Malawi
2717:Guinea
2707:Gambia
2617:Angola
2605:Africa
2522:
2504:
2485:
2462:
2434:
2406:
2369:
2350:
2227:
1958:
1921:
1510:Period
1476:Lê Lợi
1464:defeat
1444:北屬𠞺次四
1361:Lý Bôn
1301:revolt
1265:北屬𠞺次一
1208:, and
1118:, and
947:Nanyue
715:Chenla
695:Champa
689:68–627
315:43–544
150:Bronze
29:on the
3607:BRICS
3529:Tonga
3519:Samoa
3499:Nauru
3438:Spain
3368:Italy
3272:Yemen
3220:Syria
3188:Qatar
3156:Nepal
3104:Japan
3079:India
2963:Haiti
2923:Chile
2842:Sudan
2792:Niger
2747:Libya
2732:Kenya
2712:Ghana
2702:Gabon
2682:Egypt
2622:Benin
1956:S2CID
1815:Notes
1726:1417
1705:1408
1252:Year
1190:Muong
1145:Annan
1085:uses
963:China
864:Women
859:Naval
854:Names
685:Funan
305:40–43
3509:Niue
3484:Fiji
3126:Laos
3094:Iraq
3089:Iran
3027:Asia
2993:Peru
2938:Cuba
2852:Togo
2762:Mali
2657:Chad
2520:ISBN
2502:ISBN
2483:ISBN
2460:ISBN
2432:ISBN
2404:ISBN
2367:ISBN
2348:ISBN
2225:ISBN
2088:help
2069:2023
1919:ISBN
1678:807
1651:740
1603:609
1542:140
1504:Year
1216:and
1178:Thai
1100:Tang
1089:and
1057:and
1055:Trần
989:and
983:Hong
551:1945
152:and
2217:doi
1948:doi
1371:).
1186:Lao
1147:or
1096:Han
1037:Yue
995:Han
927:or
3846::
3706:/
2481:.
2477:.
2306:^
2283:^
2256:^
2239:^
2223:.
2040:^
1954:.
1944:57
1942:.
1718:-
1700:-
1694:)
1667:)
1640:)
1619:-
1598:-
1578:-
1521:2
1490:.
1484:大越
1434:.
1412:or
1369:萬春
1307:.
1232:.
1204:,
1188:,
1184:,
1180:,
1168:.
1157:Li
1122:.
1114:,
1059:Lê
1009:.
987:Cả
985:,
965:,
937:.
3699:)
3695:(
3687:)
3683:(
2568:e
2561:t
2554:v
2528:.
2491:.
2468:.
2440:.
2412:.
2375:.
2356:.
2233:.
2219::
2090:)
2071:.
1962:.
1950::
1927:.
1690:(
1663:(
1636:(
1098:-
1094:(
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