2016:
1577:, an unknown kingdom named Jinlin ("Gold Neighbor") and other unnamed kingdoms. A Tang army of 100,000 under general Yang Zixu, including a multitude of mountain tribesmen who had remained loyal to the Tang, marched directly along the coast, following the old road built by Ma Yuan. Yang Zixu attacked Mai Thúc Loan by surprise and suppressed the rebellion in 723. The corpses of the Swarthy Emperor and his followers were piled up to form a huge mound and were left on public display to check further revolts. Later from 726 to 728, Yang Zixu suppressed other rebellions of Li and
1596:, rebelled due to Tang governor Gao Zhengping's doubling of taxes. Tang forces retook Annan in 791. In 803 and 809, Champa raided southern Annan. Troops working on garrison fortifications also revolted. From 803 to 863, local rebels killed or expelled no fewer than six protector-generals of Annan. In 820, Dương Thanh seized Songping and killed the protectorate general. Dương Thanh was unpopular due to his cruelty and put to death by the locals soon after, however the region continued to experience disorders for the next 16 years.
63:
1321:
1611:
485:
1780:
1639:
Trừng, a prominent local chief, thus alienating many of the powerful local clans of Annan. The
Nanzhao army was initially welcomed by the locals, and their joint force captured Songping in January 861, forced Li Hu to flee. The Tang managed to retake the region in summer 861. In spring 863 Nanzhao and rebels numbered 50,000 under generals Yang Sijin and Duan Qiuqian launched the
2055:
that survived for about five centuries. Vietnamese women had large roles and status in religious life and society. Buddhist texts were written in
Chinese, and recited with Vietnamese pronunciation. Vietnamese temples and monasteries differed with Chinese and other East Asian countries in their role
1505:
in northern Korea. Every four years, the "southern selection" would choose aboriginal chiefs to be appointed to fill positions of the fifth degree and above. Taxation was more moderate than within the empire proper; the harvest tax was one-half the standard rate, an acknowledgement of the political
1638:
as the military governor of Annan, aiming to restore order, strengthen the defense of
Songping. Wang Shi was recalled to deal with the rebellion of Qiu Fu in Zhejiang in late 860. Northern Vietnam then degenerated back to chaos and turmoil. The new Chinese military governor, Li Hu, executed Đỗ Thủ
1658:
in the north. In winter 865–866, Gao Pian recaptured
Songping and northern Vietnam, and expelled Nanzhao from the region. Gao punished local people who had allied with Nanzhao, executed Chu Đạo Cổ and 30,000 local rebels. In 868 he renamed the region to "The Peaceful Sea Army"
1557:
rebelled against Tang authority due to the governor of Annan, Liu Yanyou, doubled the taxes. Liu Yanyou killed Lý but couldn't stop the rebellion and was killed. Cao
Xuanjing marched into Annan, put down the rebellion, and executed the rebel leader Đinh Kiến.
1506:
problems inherent in ruling a non-Chinese population. Native girls of
Vietnam: Tais, Viets and others were also targeted by the slave traders. The women of Viet tribes were most likely used as everyday household slaves and handmaidens during most of the Tang.
1726:, a noble from Aizhou (Thanh Hoa) who was much less sinicized than the Khucs revolted and ousted Southern Han. However Duong Dinh Nghe was assassinated in 937 by a leader of a pro-Chinese faction bent on restoring the sinified leadership he had displaced.
1414:
central
Vietnam in 605. The successive Tang dynasty ruled northern Vietnam from 621 to 690, and again from 705 to 880. Between 690 and 705, the Tang dynasty was briefly interrupted by the Wu Zhou dynasty which maintained Chinese rule over Vietnam.
1621:
In 854, the new governor of Annan, Li Zhuo, provoked hostiles and conflicts with the mountain tribes by reducing the salt trade and killing powerful chieftains, resulting in the defection of prominent local leaders to the
1690:
By 880, power was transferred to the local Sino-indigenous elites who governed in the name of Tang. At that point the region was probably still very diverse in terms of ethno-linguistics with a predominance of
2069:
scholarly elites remained very relatively small. In 845, a Tang official reported to the throne that "Annan has produced no more than eight imperial officials; senior graduates have not exceeded ten."
1071:
1569:) led a large insurrection against Chinese rule. Styling himself "Swarthy Emperor" or "Black Emperor" (Hắc Đẽ), he rallied 400,000 people from 23 counties to join, and also allied with
1584:
Because of the An Lushan rebellion in 755, the Annan
Protectorate's name was briefly changed to Zhennan Protectorate (guarded south). In 767, the northern Vietnam coast was invaded by
2924:
2929:
433:
408:
62:
1738:
as the court's capital. The
Jinghai Circuit became a de facto independent state, and it could be considered that Vietnamese history came into its own at that point.
1469:
Liu Fang was nominated as the viceroy of
Jiaozhou. He died while returning from Champa to the north and Qiu He (丘和) replaced him to rule the land. However, in 618,
1554:
2035:
Revival of direct Tang control over northern Vietnam for two centuries resulted in a hybrid Tang-indigenous culture, political and legal structures. Local
1455:
17:
1634:, as well as others, submitted or allied with Nanzhao. In 858 they sacked the capital of Annan. In the same year the Tang court responded by appointing
1667:, repaired 5,000 meters of damaged city wall and reconstructed 400,000 bays for its residents. He was well respected even by the later Vietnamese.
2043:
until now. A large number of Chinese officers and soldiers were sent to northern Vietnam, some of whom married Vietnamese women and settled down.
1493:
In 627, Emperor Taizong launched an administrative reform which reduced the number of provinces. In 679, Jiaozhou province was replaced with the
1466:
Simhapura kingdom in central Vietnam, briefly set up an administration and divided the country into 3 counties: Tỷ Ảnh, Hải Âm and Tượng Lâm.
1481:'s empire in 618, then to the Tang emperor in 622, incorporating northern Vietnam into the Tang dynasty. A local ruler of Jiuzhen (today's
1349:
2770:
Salmon, Claudine (2004), "Tang-Viet society as reflected in a Buddhist bell inscription", in Shing, Müller; Höllmann, Thomas O. (eds.),
1025:
2690:
Clark, Hugh (2009), "The Southern Kingdoms between the T'ang and the Sung, 907–979", in Twitchett, Denis; Fairbank, John K. (eds.),
2949:
1545:, India and Sri Lanka during the Tang period. Very few natives engaged in the Confucian scholarship and civil service examination.
2944:
1502:
1498:
1497:(Annan Duhufu). This administrative unit was used by the Tang to govern non-Chinese populations on the frontiers, similar to the
1271:
32:
2015:
2839:
2821:
2800:
2779:
2751:
1002:
1581:
led by Chen Xingfan and Feng Lin in the north, who proclaimed the title "Emperor of Nanyue", causing another 80,000 deaths.
2919:
748:
127:
2039:
elites used Chinese script, and ordinary people and tribesmen adopted personal names and name styles that corresponded to
1731:
1387:
361:
768:
728:
1699:-speaking peoples, who have since been marginalized by Chinese and Vietnamese histories, as historian and archaeologist
1730:, son-in-law of Duong, quickly overthrew of the revanchist leaders and defeated the meddling Southern Han fleet in the
1675:
The Tang continued campaigning against local chieftains in Annan in 874 and 879. In 877, troops deployed from Annan in
933:
2047:
thrived in northern Vietnam throughout the Tang era. Some of Chinese monks came and taught Chinese Buddhism in Annan.
2726:
1276:
1256:
1142:
865:
786:
669:
1342:
2939:
1605:
1212:
334:
2857:
Wright, Arthur F. (1979), "The Sui dynasty (581–617)", in Twitchett, Denis Crispin; Fairbank, John King (eds.),
2914:
2909:
2934:
1997:
1643:. The city fell in late January as the Chinese army withdrew north. The Protectorate of Annan was abolished.
719:
611:
239:
1712:
1261:
1232:
962:
494:
2954:
1335:
1301:
1286:
1281:
1266:
952:
738:
464:
2070:
1588:/Javanese army but was driven back by Chinese general Zhang Boyi. In 785, chieftains of the indigenous,
2090:
2058:
1407:
1367:
805:
96:
28:
1494:
601:
321:
2003:
1459:
1433:
1411:
277:
251:
2809:
1296:
1429:
1375:
678:
566:
2743:
2024:
1899:
1635:
1991:
1979:
1704:
214:
1923:
1708:
1660:
1192:
1046:
556:
1692:
1566:
1470:
1398:. This period saw three Chinese imperial dynasties rule over what is today northern Vietnam:
159:
1631:
1447:
895:
1485:), Lê Ngọc, stayed loyal to Xiao Xian and fought against the Tang for another three years.
905:
641:
8:
1589:
576:
379:
2872:
1513:, Chinese schools were built, and dykes were constructed to protect the capital city of
1443:
1379:
825:
758:
413:
2708:
Holcombe, Charles (2019), "Foreign relation", in Dien, Albert E.; Knapp, Keith (eds.),
1627:
1585:
1451:
1371:
942:
915:
473:
146:
1095:
2835:
2817:
2796:
2788:
2775:
2747:
2722:
1719:
1640:
1439:
1222:
984:
701:
317:
171:
68:
621:
514:
2081:. He succeeded on his second attempt and became a librarian at the imperial court.
1386:
and other Viet warlords in the early 10th century, finally ending in 938 after the
1291:
1035:
973:
845:
631:
1734:
in late 938. In 939, he claimed himself king (vua), and chose the ancient town of
1715:
dynasty court in the north to maintain their own autonomy. In 930, the emperor of
1562:
1514:
1458:
and 27,000 troops, conquering the region. In 605, Yang Jian pushed further south,
1395:
1202:
651:
2040:
1797:
1783:
1723:
1593:
1522:
885:
1985:
1525:
was the largest agricultural plain in the empire's south, with roads connecting
815:
227:
2074:
1325:
1306:
1085:
855:
2891:
2887:
2051:(d. 820), a prominent Chinese monk in northern Vietnam, brought a new sect of
795:
426:
2903:
2719:
Religion and social change among the indigenous people of the Malay Peninsula
2052:
1696:
1655:
1651:
1450:
acknowledge Sui overlordship in 589. In 602 when Ly Phat Tu openly rebelled,
1057:
1011:
1680:
1664:
1518:
875:
835:
691:
120:
2066:
1716:
1534:
1474:
1442:(northern Vietnam) was ruled autonomously by a regime of localized Chinese
1403:
1391:
1182:
1172:
304:
100:
92:
1537:. Buddhism flourished in Annan, although the Tang's official religion was
1482:
1383:
105:
2735:
2078:
2028:
2020:
1700:
1578:
1510:
1463:
1399:
1113:
504:
290:
88:
76:
1711:(Jinghai guan). The Khúc's origins are unknown but they manipulated the
2073:
was the only recorded student from Northern Vietnam to have passed the
2048:
587:
535:
525:
1722:
attacked Jinghai and removed the Khuc family from power. In late 931,
1410:. The Sui dynasty ruled northern Vietnam from 602 to 618, and briefly
2036:
1727:
1542:
1478:
546:
357:
1779:
1610:
2044:
1966:
1942:
1930:
1647:
591:
484:
202:
183:
116:
1786:
served as a Chinese governor of northern Vietnam from 761 to 767.
1676:
1623:
1614:
1162:
72:
1683:, and forced the military commissioner Zeng Gun to flee, ending
1533:
to the south and the southwest, and sea routes connected to the
1872:
1735:
1574:
1570:
1538:
1530:
1526:
1152:
1132:
2850:
Tang China in Multi-Polar Asia: A History of Diplomacy and War
1679:
mutined. In 880, the army in Annan mutinied, took the city of
2721:, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia,
1122:
2765:, United States of America: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group
1917:
Zhang Yin 864 (de jure Jinglueshi, Annam invaded by Nanzhao)
1914:
Song Rong 863 (de jure Jinglueshi, Annam invaded by Nanzhao)
1541:. At least 6 monks from northern Vietnam traveled to China,
2487:
2227:
2062:, the village spiritual center, where village elders met.
2925:
States and territories disestablished in the 10th century
2763:
The Sea and Civilization: A Maritime History of the World
2655:
2451:
2405:
2403:
2280:
2258:
2256:
2254:
1646:
The Tang launched a counterattack in September 864 under
2861:, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 48–149
2712:, New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 296–308
2694:, New York: Cambridge University Press, pp. 133–205
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2499:
2366:
2364:
2339:
2337:
2312:
2310:
2297:
2295:
2239:
2622:
2574:
2562:
2538:
2528:
2526:
2439:
2400:
2268:
2251:
2107:
1902:
858-860 (military Jinglueshi during Nanzhao invasions)
1839:
Yang Qing 819-820 - rebelled and killed by Gui Zhongwu
2930:
States and territories established in the 7th century
2740:
Việt Nam: a history from earliest time to the present
2692:
The Sung Dynasty and Its Precursors, 907-1279, Part 1
2667:
2634:
2598:
2511:
2463:
2415:
2388:
2376:
2361:
2349:
2334:
2322:
2307:
2292:
2215:
2610:
2586:
2550:
2203:
2191:
2179:
2167:
2155:
2143:
2131:
2119:
2859:
Sui and T'ang China, 589-906 AD, Part One. Volume 3
2523:
2475:
2427:
1446:. As the Sui dynasty consolidated power in China,
1663:). He rebuilt the citadel Sin Songping, named it
2901:
44:
2795:, Los Angeles: University of California Press,
1473:overthrew the Sui dynasty and established the
1548:
1343:
1755:Qiu He (-619) under Sui (619-626) under Tang
1650:, an experienced general who had fought the
2774:, Germany: Harrassowitz, pp. 195–216,
1350:
1336:
61:
2707:
2245:
2113:
2014:
1836:Li Xianggu 817-819 - killed by Yang Qing
1778:
1609:
1495:Protectorate General to Pacify the South
322:Protectorate General to Pacify the South
2787:
2734:
2716:
2628:
2580:
2568:
2544:
2517:
2505:
2493:
2445:
2421:
2409:
2370:
2316:
2274:
2262:
2233:
2209:
2197:
2149:
2010:
1973:
1945:878-880 (abandoned post due to a rebel)
1503:Protectorate General to Pacify the East
1499:Protectorate General to Pacify the West
14:
2902:
2856:
2829:
2808:
2769:
2698:
2673:
2661:
2649:
2604:
2469:
2457:
2394:
2382:
2355:
2343:
2328:
2301:
2286:
2221:
2185:
2173:
2161:
2137:
2125:
1921:
1746:
1670:
33:Timeline of Vietnam under Chinese rule
2760:
2689:
2616:
2592:
2556:
67:Northern Vietnam as the southernmost
2847:
2532:
2481:
2433:
1911:Cai Xi 862-863 (military Jinglueshi)
1741:
1072:Provisional Revolutionary Government
683:
1703:speculates. In 905, a leader named
1599:
24:
18:Third Chinese domination of Vietnam
2816:, University of California Press,
2027:-貞觀 (632), from Nhạn Tháp pagoda,
1707:came to power as commissioner for
25:
2966:
2879:Period of the History of Vietnam
2019:Gold-gilded box contains sacred
1774:
1382:in 602 to the rise of the local
1364:Third Era of Northern Domination
1319:
1016:(Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
483:
431:
406:
41:Third Era of Northern Domination
2950:Wars involving the Tang dynasty
2701:Sources of Vietnamese Tradition
2682:
1606:Tang-Nanzhao conflicts in Annan
2945:Wars involving the Sui dynasty
2077:in 816 in the Tang capital of
1366:refers to the third period of
1026:Provisional Central Government
13:
1:
2852:. University of Hawaii Press.
2096:
1509:For the first time since the
172:Emperor Gaozu of Southern Han
2101:
1687:Chinese control in Vietnam.
1488:
1477:. Qiu He first submitted to
1143:Cát Tiên archaeological site
293:annexed kingdom of Vạn Xuân
104:Autonomous polity under the
7:
2830:Walker, Hugh Dyson (2012),
2772:Archäologie und Frühe Texte
2703:, Columbia University Press
2084:
1630:, the Đỗ clan, the warlord
1423:
1076:(Republic of South Vietnam)
10:
2971:
2710:The Six Dynasties, 220–589
2699:Dutton, George E. (2012),
2091:Vietnam under Chinese rule
1603:
1549:Revolts and notable events
1427:
1418:
1394:armada by the Viet leader
806:Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
29:Vietnam under Chinese rule
26:
2884:
2877:
2869:
2041:Vietnamese personal names
2006:937-938 (self-proclaimed)
2000:931-937 (self-proclaimed)
1800:761-767 (Duhu of Zhennan)
1732:Battle of Bạch Đằng River
1626:Kingdom. The local chief
447:
385:
375:
371:
362:Battle of Bạch Đằng River
354:
346:• End of Tang rules
344:
331:
314:
301:
287:
278:Sui reconquest of Vietnam
274:
270:
262:
258:
245:
233:
221:
208:
196:
192:
182:
178:
165:
153:
140:
136:
126:
112:
83:
60:
55:
39:
2832:East Asia: A New History
2814:The Birth of the Vietnam
1501:in Central Asia and the
739:Trung sisters' rebellion
2920:China–Vietnam relations
2848:Wang, Zhenping (2013).
2761:Paine, Lincoln (2013),
2744:Oxford University Press
2717:Kasimin, Amran (1991),
1233:Principality of Hà Tiên
335:Crisis of Ninth Century
2940:Wars involving Vietnam
2789:Schafer, Edward Hetzel
2032:
2023:, made in 6nd year of
1787:
1618:
1374:. The era starts from
1114:Non-Vietnamese history
866:4th Chinese domination
769:3rd Chinese domination
749:2nd Chinese domination
729:1st Chinese domination
45:
2915:906 disestablishments
2910:905 disestablishments
2018:
1815:Gao Zhengping 790-791
1782:
1613:
1553:In 687, the Li chief
1471:Emperor Gaozu of Tang
1062:(Republic of Vietnam)
979:1887–1945 / 1945–1954
967:1883–1945 / 1946–1948
957:1883–1945 / 1945–1948
947:1862–1945 / 1945–1949
303:• Vietnam under
160:Emperor Gaozu of Tang
2935:Vietnamese dynasties
2810:Taylor, Keith Weller
2011:Culture and religion
1974:Independent Jiedushi
1047:North–South division
896:Later Lê Restoration
602:Phùng Nguyên culture
101:Southern Han dynasty
46:Bắc thuộc lần thứ ba
2664:, pp. 209–211.
2496:, pp. 120–121.
2460:, pp. 241–242.
2289:, pp. 188–189.
2236:, pp. 111–112.
1954:Xie Zhao (謝肇) 884-?
1951:Gao Maoqing 882-883
1884:Tian Zaiyou 849-850
1848:Gui Zhongwu 820-822
1842:Gui Zhongwu 819-820
1747:Viceroy of Jiaozhou
1671:End of Chinese rule
1272:Historical capitals
1193:Nung-Zhuang kingdom
540:12,000 BC–10,000 BC
519:20,000 BC–12,000 BC
217:(Autonomous period)
2955:602 establishments
2793:The Vermilion Bird
2033:
1957:An Youquan 897-900
1948:Jing Yanzong (敬彥宗)
1881:Pei Yuanyu 846-847
1851:Wang Chengbian 822
1833:Pei Xingli 813-817
1824:Zhao Chang 804-806
1818:Zhao Chang 791-802
1803:Wu Chongfu 777-782
1791:Liu Yanyou 681-687
1788:
1619:
1565:from Jiude (today
1452:Emperor Wen of Sui
1372:Vietnamese history
1326:Vietnam portal
943:French Cochinchina
561:10,000 BC–8,000 BC
147:Emperor Wen of Sui
75:(Hanoi) under the
2898:
2897:
2885:Succeeded by
2841:978-1-477-26516-1
2823:978-0-520-07417-0
2802:978-0-520-01145-8
2781:978-3-447-05060-9
2753:978-0-190-05379-6
2508:, pp. 67–68.
1908:Wang Kuan 861-862
1896:Li Hongfu 857-858
1854:Li Yuanxi 822-826
1742:List of governors
1641:Siege of Songping
1454:deployed General
1438:By late AD 500s,
1430:Sui–Former Lý War
1360:
1359:
1241:
1240:
1223:Sip Song Chau Tai
1104:
1103:
1077:
1063:
1017:
993:
992:
985:Empire of Vietnam
924:
923:
777:
776:
710:
709:
679:Hồng Bàng dynasty
660:
659:
646:(1,000 BC–200 AD)
636:(1,000 BC–100 AD)
616:1,500 BC–1,000 BC
606:2,000 BC–1,500 BC
581:4,000 BC–3,000 BC
571:8,000 BC–6,000 BC
567:Quỳnh Văn culture
457:
456:
443:
442:
439:
438:
419:
418:
360:became rulers or
16:(Redirected from
2962:
2873:Early Lý dynasty
2870:Preceded by
2867:
2866:
2862:
2853:
2844:
2826:
2805:
2784:
2766:
2757:
2731:
2713:
2704:
2695:
2677:
2671:
2665:
2659:
2653:
2647:
2632:
2626:
2620:
2614:
2608:
2602:
2596:
2590:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2566:
2560:
2554:
2548:
2542:
2536:
2530:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2479:
2473:
2467:
2461:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2437:
2431:
2425:
2419:
2413:
2407:
2398:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2359:
2353:
2347:
2341:
2332:
2326:
2320:
2314:
2305:
2299:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2272:
2266:
2260:
2249:
2243:
2237:
2231:
2225:
2219:
2213:
2207:
2201:
2195:
2189:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2111:
1960:Sun Dezhao 901-?
1936:Wang Yanquan 866
1600:Nanzhao invasion
1567:Hà Tĩnh Province
1444:Early Lý dynasty
1380:Early Lý dynasty
1352:
1345:
1338:
1324:
1323:
1322:
1119:
1118:
1075:
1061:
1036:State of Vietnam
1015:
1008:
1007:
974:French Indochina
939:
938:
876:Later Lê dynasty
836:Later Lý dynasty
826:Early Lê dynasty
792:
791:
759:Early Lý dynasty
725:
724:
685:
675:
674:
642:Sa Huỳnh culture
632:Dong Son culture
612:Đồng Đậu culture
500:
499:
487:
477:
459:
458:
435:
434:
423:
422:
414:Early Lý dynasty
410:
409:
403:
402:
387:
386:
65:
48:
37:
36:
21:
2970:
2969:
2965:
2964:
2963:
2961:
2960:
2959:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2881:
2875:
2865:
2842:
2824:
2803:
2782:
2754:
2729:
2685:
2680:
2672:
2668:
2660:
2656:
2648:
2635:
2627:
2623:
2615:
2611:
2603:
2599:
2591:
2587:
2579:
2575:
2567:
2563:
2555:
2551:
2543:
2539:
2531:
2524:
2516:
2512:
2504:
2500:
2492:
2488:
2480:
2476:
2468:
2464:
2456:
2452:
2444:
2440:
2432:
2428:
2420:
2416:
2408:
2401:
2393:
2389:
2381:
2377:
2369:
2362:
2354:
2350:
2342:
2335:
2327:
2323:
2315:
2308:
2300:
2293:
2285:
2281:
2273:
2269:
2261:
2252:
2244:
2240:
2232:
2228:
2220:
2216:
2208:
2204:
2196:
2192:
2184:
2180:
2172:
2168:
2160:
2156:
2148:
2144:
2136:
2132:
2124:
2120:
2112:
2108:
2104:
2099:
2087:
2075:classical exams
2071:Liêu Hữu Phương
2013:
1998:Dương Đình Nghệ
1976:
1939:Gao Xun 868-873
1927:
1890:Li Zhuo 853-855
1857:Han Yue 827-828
1827:Ma Zong 806-810
1798:Abe no Nakamaro
1784:Abe no Nakamaro
1777:
1749:
1744:
1724:Duong Dinh Nghe
1673:
1608:
1602:
1551:
1523:Red River delta
1491:
1436:
1428:Main articles:
1426:
1421:
1356:
1320:
1318:
1313:
1312:
1311:
1251:
1243:
1242:
1116:
1106:
1105:
1074:
1060:
1014:
1005:
995:
994:
936:
926:
925:
906:Tây Sơn dynasty
789:
779:
778:
722:
712:
711:
672:
662:
661:
557:Bắc Sơn culture
497:
475:
468:
452:
432:
407:
364:
347:
337:
324:
307:
294:
280:
248:
247:• 937–938
240:Dương Đình Nghệ
236:
235:• 923–937
224:
223:• 907–917
211:
210:• 905–907
199:
168:
167:• 917–938
156:
155:• 618–626
143:
142:• 602–604
119:
103:
79:
51:
49:
42:
35:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2968:
2958:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2896:
2895:
2886:
2883:
2876:
2871:
2864:
2863:
2854:
2845:
2840:
2827:
2822:
2806:
2801:
2785:
2780:
2767:
2758:
2752:
2732:
2727:
2714:
2705:
2696:
2686:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2678:
2676:, p. 209.
2666:
2654:
2652:, p. 184.
2633:
2631:, p. 131.
2621:
2619:, p. 171.
2609:
2607:, p. 268.
2597:
2595:, p. 170.
2585:
2583:, p. 126.
2573:
2571:, p. 124.
2561:
2559:, p. 304.
2549:
2547:, p. 123.
2537:
2535:, p. 124.
2522:
2510:
2498:
2486:
2484:, p. 123.
2474:
2472:, p. 243.
2462:
2450:
2448:, p. 118.
2438:
2436:, p. 121.
2426:
2414:
2412:, p. 114.
2399:
2397:, p. 177.
2387:
2385:, p. 212.
2375:
2360:
2358:, p. 197.
2348:
2346:, p. 193.
2333:
2331:, p. 180.
2321:
2306:
2304:, p. 192.
2291:
2279:
2277:, p. 111.
2267:
2265:, p. 109.
2250:
2248:, p. 304.
2238:
2226:
2224:, p. 174.
2214:
2202:
2190:
2188:, p. 188.
2178:
2176:, p. 171.
2166:
2164:, p. 179.
2154:
2142:
2140:, p. 109.
2130:
2128:, p. 162.
2118:
2116:, p. 303.
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2086:
2083:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2007:
2004:Kiều Công Tiễn
2001:
1995:
1989:
1983:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1964:
1963:Zhu Quanyu 905
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1912:
1909:
1906:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1885:
1882:
1879:
1876:
1870:
1867:
1864:
1861:
1860:Zheng Chuo 831
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1845:Pei Xingli 820
1843:
1840:
1837:
1834:
1831:
1830:Zhang Mian 813
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1813:
1810:
1809:Zhang Ying 788
1807:
1806:Li Mengqiu 782
1804:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1776:
1773:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1759:
1756:
1753:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1701:John N. Miksic
1672:
1669:
1604:Main article:
1601:
1598:
1550:
1547:
1490:
1487:
1434:Sui–Lâm Ấp war
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1354:
1347:
1340:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1309:
1307:Indochina Wars
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1253:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1238:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1225:
1219:
1218:
1215:
1213:Jarai kingdoms
1209:
1208:
1205:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1179:
1178:
1175:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1149:
1148:
1145:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1125:
1117:
1112:
1111:
1108:
1107:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1086:Subsidy period
1082:
1081:
1078:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1054:
1053:
1050:
1042:
1041:
1038:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1006:
1001:
1000:
997:
996:
991:
990:
987:
981:
980:
977:
969:
968:
965:
959:
958:
955:
949:
948:
945:
937:
932:
931:
928:
927:
922:
921:
918:
916:Nguyễn dynasty
912:
911:
908:
902:
901:
898:
892:
891:
888:
882:
881:
878:
872:
871:
868:
862:
861:
858:
852:
851:
848:
842:
841:
838:
832:
831:
828:
822:
821:
818:
812:
811:
808:
802:
801:
798:
790:
785:
784:
781:
780:
775:
774:
771:
765:
764:
761:
755:
754:
751:
745:
744:
741:
735:
734:
731:
723:
718:
717:
714:
713:
708:
707:
704:
698:
697:
694:
688:
687:
681:
673:
668:
667:
664:
663:
658:
657:
654:
648:
647:
644:
638:
637:
634:
628:
627:
624:
622:Gò Mun culture
618:
617:
614:
608:
607:
604:
598:
597:
595:
583:
582:
579:
577:Đa Bút culture
573:
572:
569:
563:
562:
559:
553:
552:
550:
542:
541:
538:
532:
531:
529:
521:
520:
517:
515:Sơn Vi culture
511:
510:
508:
498:
493:
492:
489:
488:
480:
479:
470:
469:
462:
455:
454:
449:
445:
444:
441:
440:
437:
436:
429:
420:
417:
416:
411:
399:
398:
393:
383:
382:
377:
373:
372:
369:
368:
365:
355:
352:
351:
348:
345:
342:
341:
338:
332:
329:
328:
325:
315:
312:
311:
308:
302:
299:
298:
295:
288:
285:
284:
281:
275:
272:
271:
268:
267:
264:
260:
259:
256:
255:
252:Kiều Công Tiễn
249:
246:
243:
242:
237:
234:
231:
230:
225:
222:
219:
218:
212:
209:
206:
205:
200:
197:
194:
193:
190:
189:
186:
180:
179:
176:
175:
169:
166:
163:
162:
157:
154:
151:
150:
144:
141:
138:
137:
134:
133:
130:
124:
123:
114:
110:
109:
85:
81:
80:
66:
58:
57:
56:602–905 or 938
53:
52:
43:
40:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2967:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2907:
2905:
2893:
2889:
2880:
2874:
2868:
2860:
2855:
2851:
2846:
2843:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2825:
2819:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2783:
2777:
2773:
2768:
2764:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2730:
2728:9-8362-2265-0
2724:
2720:
2715:
2711:
2706:
2702:
2697:
2693:
2688:
2687:
2675:
2670:
2663:
2658:
2651:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2630:
2625:
2618:
2613:
2606:
2601:
2594:
2589:
2582:
2577:
2570:
2565:
2558:
2553:
2546:
2541:
2534:
2529:
2527:
2520:, p. 68.
2519:
2514:
2507:
2502:
2495:
2490:
2483:
2478:
2471:
2466:
2459:
2454:
2447:
2442:
2435:
2430:
2424:, p. 65.
2423:
2418:
2411:
2406:
2404:
2396:
2391:
2384:
2379:
2373:, p. 64.
2372:
2367:
2365:
2357:
2352:
2345:
2340:
2338:
2330:
2325:
2319:, p. 63.
2318:
2313:
2311:
2303:
2298:
2296:
2288:
2283:
2276:
2271:
2264:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2247:
2246:Holcombe 2019
2242:
2235:
2230:
2223:
2218:
2212:, p. 57.
2211:
2206:
2200:, p. 56.
2199:
2194:
2187:
2182:
2175:
2170:
2163:
2158:
2152:, p. 74.
2151:
2146:
2139:
2134:
2127:
2122:
2115:
2114:Holcombe 2019
2110:
2106:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2082:
2080:
2076:
2072:
2068:
2063:
2061:
2060:
2054:
2053:Chan Buddhism
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1987:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1905:Li Hu 860-861
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1775:Duhu of Annam
1769:
1766:
1763:
1760:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1750:
1739:
1737:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1709:Tĩnh Hải quân
1706:
1702:
1698:
1697:Austroasiatic
1694:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1668:
1666:
1662:
1657:
1653:
1649:
1644:
1642:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1625:
1616:
1612:
1607:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1582:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1563:Mai Thúc Loan
1559:
1556:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1507:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1453:
1449:
1445:
1441:
1435:
1431:
1416:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1381:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1365:
1353:
1348:
1346:
1341:
1339:
1334:
1333:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1317:
1316:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1263:
1260:
1258:
1255:
1254:
1247:
1246:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1230:
1226:
1224:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1196:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1170:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1146:
1144:
1141:
1140:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1109:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1059:
1058:South Vietnam
1056:
1055:
1051:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1019:
1013:
1012:North Vietnam
1010:
1009:
1004:
999:
998:
988:
986:
983:
982:
978:
976:
975:
971:
970:
966:
964:
963:French Tonkin
961:
960:
956:
954:
951:
950:
946:
944:
941:
940:
935:
930:
929:
919:
917:
914:
913:
909:
907:
904:
903:
899:
897:
894:
893:
889:
887:
884:
883:
879:
877:
874:
873:
869:
867:
864:
863:
859:
857:
854:
853:
849:
847:
844:
843:
839:
837:
834:
833:
829:
827:
824:
823:
819:
817:
814:
813:
809:
807:
804:
803:
799:
797:
794:
793:
788:
783:
782:
772:
770:
767:
766:
762:
760:
757:
756:
752:
750:
747:
746:
742:
740:
737:
736:
732:
730:
727:
726:
721:
716:
715:
706:204 BC–111 BC
705:
703:
702:Triệu dynasty
700:
699:
696:257 BC–179 BC
695:
693:
690:
689:
682:
680:
677:
676:
671:
666:
665:
655:
653:
652:Óc Eo culture
650:
649:
645:
643:
640:
639:
635:
633:
630:
629:
625:
623:
620:
619:
615:
613:
610:
609:
605:
603:
600:
599:
596:
594:
593:
589:
585:
584:
580:
578:
575:
574:
570:
568:
565:
564:
560:
558:
555:
554:
551:
549:
548:
544:
543:
539:
537:
534:
533:
530:
528:
527:
523:
522:
518:
516:
513:
512:
509:
507:
506:
502:
501:
496:
491:
490:
486:
482:
481:
478:
472:
471:
466:
461:
460:
450:
448:Today part of
446:
430:
428:
425:
424:
421:
415:
412:
405:
404:
401:
400:
397:
394:
392:
389:
388:
384:
381:
378:
374:
370:
366:
363:
359:
353:
349:
343:
339:
336:
330:
326:
323:
319:
313:
309:
306:
300:
296:
292:
286:
282:
279:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
250:
244:
241:
238:
232:
229:
226:
220:
216:
213:
207:
204:
201:
195:
191:
187:
185:
181:
177:
173:
170:
164:
161:
158:
152:
148:
145:
139:
135:
131:
129:
125:
122:
118:
115:
111:
107:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
71:with capital
70:
64:
59:
54:
47:
38:
34:
30:
19:
2882:602–905/938
2878:
2858:
2849:
2831:
2813:
2792:
2771:
2762:
2739:
2736:Kiernan, Ben
2718:
2709:
2700:
2691:
2683:Bibliography
2669:
2657:
2629:Kiernan 2019
2624:
2612:
2600:
2588:
2581:Kiernan 2019
2576:
2569:Kiernan 2019
2564:
2552:
2545:Kiernan 2019
2540:
2518:Schafer 1967
2513:
2506:Schafer 1967
2501:
2494:Kiernan 2019
2489:
2477:
2465:
2453:
2446:Kiernan 2019
2441:
2429:
2422:Schafer 1967
2417:
2410:Kiernan 2019
2390:
2378:
2371:Schafer 1967
2351:
2324:
2317:Schafer 1967
2282:
2275:Kiernan 2019
2270:
2263:Kiernan 2019
2241:
2234:Kiernan 2019
2229:
2217:
2210:Schafer 1967
2205:
2198:Schafer 1967
2193:
2181:
2169:
2157:
2150:Schafer 1967
2145:
2133:
2121:
2109:
2067:Confucianist
2064:
2057:
2034:
1992:Khúc Thừa Mỹ
1980:Khúc Thừa Dụ
1922:Jiedushi of
1887:Cui Geng 852
1869:Tian Zao 835
1717:Southern Han
1705:Khúc Thừa Dụ
1689:
1684:
1674:
1661:Jinghai guan
1645:
1620:
1583:
1579:Nung peoples
1560:
1552:
1535:Indian Ocean
1508:
1492:
1475:Tang dynasty
1468:
1437:
1392:Southern Han
1368:Chinese rule
1363:
1361:
1183:Dali Kingdom
1173:Khmer Empire
1100:1986–present
1045:
972:
953:French Annam
846:Trần dynasty
816:Đinh dynasty
733:111 BC–40 AD
692:Thục dynasty
626:1,000–800 BC
586:
545:
524:
503:
396:Succeeded by
395:
390:
305:Tang dynasty
215:Khúc Thừa Dụ
97:Zhou dynasty
93:Tang dynasty
87:Province of
2892:Ngô dynasty
2888:Khúc family
2674:Salmon 2004
2662:Salmon 2004
2650:Walker 2012
2605:Taylor 1983
2470:Taylor 1983
2458:Taylor 1983
2395:Taylor 1983
2383:Taylor 1983
2356:Taylor 1983
2344:Taylor 1983
2329:Walker 2012
2302:Taylor 1983
2287:Taylor 1983
2222:Taylor 1983
2186:Taylor 1983
2174:Taylor 1983
2162:Walker 2012
2138:Wright 1979
2126:Taylor 1983
2065:Indigenous
1893:Song Ya 857
1866:Han Wei 834
1863:Liu Min 833
1821:Pei 802-803
1812:Pang Fu 789
1713:Later Liang
1511:Han dynasty
1384:Khúc family
1277:Immigration
1257:Agriculture
886:Mạc dynasty
796:Ngô dynasty
505:Paleolithic
495:Prehistoric
474:History of
427:Ngô dynasty
391:Preceded by
291:Sui dynasty
198:• 905
108:(after 905)
89:Sui dynasty
77:Sui dynasty
2904:Categories
2617:Clark 2009
2593:Clark 2009
2557:Paine 2013
2097:References
2049:Wu Yantong
1878:Wu Hun 843
1764:Li Daoxing
1758:Li Daliang
1632:Chu Đạo Cổ
1594:Phùng Hưng
1590:Đỗ Anh Hàn
1586:Shailendra
1555:Lý Tự Tiên
1448:Lý Phật Tử
1412:reoccupied
856:Hồ dynasty
656:(1–630 AD)
536:Hoabinhian
526:Mesolithic
380:Cash coins
367:905 or 938
27:See also:
2533:Wang 2013
2482:Wang 2013
2434:Wang 2013
2102:Citations
2037:sinicized
1794:Guo Chuke
1767:Li Dao’an
1728:Ngo Quyen
1628:Lý Do Độc
1543:Srivijaya
1489:Tang rule
1483:Thanh Hóa
1479:Xiao Xian
1396:Ngô Quyền
1262:Dynasties
1237:1707–1832
1227:1600–1954
1217:1100–1904
1207:1061–1432
1203:Ngưu Hống
1197:1042–1052
1090:1975–1986
1080:1969–1976
1066:1955–1975
1052:1954–1976
1040:1949–1955
1030:1948–1949
1020:1945–1976
920:1802–1945
910:1778–1802
900:1533–1789
890:1527–1592
880:1428–1527
870:1407–1427
860:1400–1407
850:1225–1400
840:1009–1225
720:Dominated
592:Iron Ages
547:Neolithic
358:Khuc clan
106:Khúc clan
2812:(1983),
2791:(1967),
2738:(2019).
2085:See also
2079:Chang'an
2045:Buddhism
2025:Zhenguan
1986:Khúc Hạo
1967:Dugu Sun
1943:Zeng Gun
1931:Gao Pian
1900:Wang Shi
1752:Liu Fang
1685:de facto
1654:and the
1648:Gao Pian
1636:Wang Shi
1561:In 722,
1515:Songping
1456:Liu Fang
1440:Jiaozhou
1424:Sui rule
1287:Monarchs
1282:Military
1250:By topic
1187:937–1253
1177:802–1431
1137:192–1832
1003:Republic
934:Colonial
830:980–1009
787:Dynastic
465:a series
463:Part of
376:Currency
318:Jiaozhou
228:Khúc Hạo
203:Dugu Sun
184:Jiedushi
117:Songping
69:Jiaozhou
2056:as the
2029:Nghệ An
1994:917-930
1988:907-917
1982:905-907
1933:864-866
1924:Jinghai
1875:836-840
1770:Li Jian
1761:Li Shou
1720:Liu Yan
1693:Kra-Dai
1677:Guangxi
1656:Tanguts
1624:Nanzhao
1617:Kingdom
1615:Nanzhao
1521:). The
1517:(later
1460:invaded
1419:History
1408:Wu Zhou
1390:of the
1378:of the
1376:the end
1267:Economy
1167:738–902
1163:Nanzhao
1157:550–781
1147:300–800
1096:Đổi Mới
820:968–980
810:965–968
800:939–965
773:602–938
763:544–602
686:–258 BC
684:2879 BC
670:Ancient
476:Vietnam
451:Vietnam
356:•
340:854–866
333:•
316:•
289:•
283:602–605
276:•
263:History
149:(first)
128:Emperor
113:Capital
73:Jiaozhi
2838:
2820:
2799:
2778:
2750:
2725:
2021:Śarīra
1873:Ma Zhi
1736:Co Loa
1681:Đại La
1665:Đại La
1575:Chenla
1571:Champa
1539:Daoism
1531:Zhenla
1527:Champa
1519:Đại La
1388:defeat
1153:Chenla
1133:Champa
1127:68–627
753:43–544
588:Bronze
467:on the
320:under
266:
254:(Last)
188:
174:(last)
132:
121:Đại La
84:Status
50:北屬吝次𠀧
1652:Türks
1302:Women
1297:Naval
1292:Names
1123:Funan
743:40–43
453:China
2836:ISBN
2818:ISBN
2797:ISBN
2776:ISBN
2748:ISBN
2723:ISBN
2059:đình
1695:and
1592:and
1573:and
1529:and
1464:Cham
1462:the
1432:and
1406:and
1404:Tang
1362:The
989:1945
590:and
31:and
1969:905
1400:Sui
1370:in
350:880
327:679
310:618
297:602
2906::
2834:,
2746:.
2742:.
2636:^
2525:^
2402:^
2363:^
2336:^
2309:^
2294:^
2253:^
1402:,
99:,
95:,
91:,
2890:/
2756:.
2031:.
1659:(
1351:e
1344:t
1337:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
