131:
1321:, which expanded over an area much larger than that of any previous culture and Vietnamese archaeologists believe that it had multiple regional sources. For instance, while Đông Sơn bronzes are much the same in different regions of northern Viet Nam, the regional characters of the pottery are fairly marked. On the whole, Đông Sơn pottery has a high firing temperature and is varied in form, but decorative patterns are much reduced in comparison with preceding periods, and consist mainly of impressions from cord-wrapped or carved paddles. Incised decoration is virtually absent.
1883:'s shores are the present borders. From Zhouwu to the south there were the Wenlang people. They dwell in the wilderness, not houses, use large trees as their resting places, eat raw meat and fish, their profession is fragrance-gathering and they trade with other peoples at the markets. Like how people lived during the time of the Sovereigns. To the south of the prefecture there is the Wenlang rapid; its lower reach is a narrow flow."
1246:. The tidal irrigation of rice fields through an elaborate system of canals and dikes started by the sixth century BC. This type of sophisticated farming system would come to define Vietnamese society. It required tight-knit village communities to collectively manage their irrigation systems. These systems in turn produced crop yields that could sustain much higher population densities than competing methods of food production.
689:
32:
145:
730:
and Mã rivers. The
Vietnamese tribes were the primary tribes at this time. Their territory included modern meridional territories of China to the banks of the Hồng River in the northern territory of Vietnam. Centuries of developing a civilization and economy based on the cultivation of irrigated rice
1289:
cultures of southern
Vietnam. This period saw the appearance of wheel-made pottery, although the use of the paddle and anvil remained significant in manufacture. Vessel surfaces are usually smooth, often polished, and red slipping is common. Cord-marking is present in all cultures and forms a fairly
714:
reportedly dating back around half a million years ago. The prehistoric people had lived continuously in local caves since around 6000 BC, until more advanced material cultures developed. Some caves are known to have been the home of many generations of early humans. As northern
Vietnam was a
1234:
fashion with the aid of the Lạc Tướng, who controlled the communal settlements around each irrigated area, organized construction and maintenance of the dikes, and regulated the supply of water. Besides cultivating rice, the people of Văn Lang grew other grains and beans and raised stock, mainly
1272:
By about 1200 BC, the development of wet-rice cultivation and bronze casting in the Mã River and Red River plains led to the development of the Đông Sơn culture, notable for its elaborate bronze drums. The bronze weapons, tools, and drums of Đông Sơn sites show a
Southeast Asian influence that
1261:
1646:
p. 4 quote: "while the remaining sons followed their father to the sea in the South, except for the eldest who was assigned to succeed his father as the next King Hùng. King Hùng named his country Văn Lang with Phong Châu (Bạch Hạc district, Phú Thọ
1725:– 2001 Page 1 "At that time the civilization of northern Vietnam was known as Van Lang (van means beautiful, and lang means kind and healing, like a good doctor). The ruling house of Van Lang was called Hong Bang, which means a kind of huge bird."
1816:"峯州承化下... 古夜(!)郎國之地按今新昌縣界有夜(!)郎溪" translation: "Feng province, lower Shenghua... Territory of the ancient Ye(!)lang nation. Next to the border of the current Xinchang prefecture, there is the Ye(!)lang brook." Note: not to be confused with the
1290:
high percentage of sherdage. Complex incised decoration also developed with rich ornamental designs, and it is on the basis of incised decoration that
Vietnamese archaeologists distinguish the different cultures and phases one from another.
1277:. Some of the similarities between the Đông Sơn sites and other Southeast Asian sites include the presence of boat-shaped coffins and burial jars, stilt dwellings, and evidence of the customs of betel-nut-chewing and teeth-blackening.
819:
in
Vietnam's history. He is regarded as the ancestor of the Hùng kings, as the founding father of Vietnam, and as a Vietnamese cultural hero who is credited with teaching his people how to cultivate rice.
1799:" 《方輿志》曰：峰州，承化郡。古文郎國，有文郎水。亦陸梁地。" Translation: "'Geographical Almanacs' said: Feng province, Shenghua district. It was the ancient Wenlang nation; there was the Wenlang river; also a wanderers' land...
1285:
The period between the end of the third millennium and the middle of the first millennium BC produced increasingly sophisticated pottery of the pre-Dong Son cultures of northern Viet Nam and the pre-
1007:), the country was divided into 15 regions as in the table below. However, they're in fact taken from Sino-Vietnamese names of later commanderies established by the Chinese in northern Vietnam.
780:) appointed Đế Nghi as his successor, to govern the northern region, and conferred the title of Kinh Dương Vương upon him , to govern the southern region, known as the country of Xích Quỷ.
2595:
2565:
1313:, Vietnamese archaeologists also recognize three pre-Dong Son periods of cultural development: Con Chan Tien, Dong Khoi (Bai Man) and Quy Chu. In the areas stretching from the Red to the
1948:
1305:. The pottery of these three cultures, despite the use of different decorative styles, has features that suggest a continuity of cultural development in the Red River Valley. In the
743:. He consolidated the other tribes and succeeded in grouping all the vassal states (or autonomous communities) within his territory into a unified nation. Lộc Tục proclaimed himself
2433:
858:
The Hồng Bàng epoch finally ended in the middle of the third century BC on the advent of the military leader Thục Phán's conquest of Văn Lang, dethroning the last Hùng king.
1235:
buffaloes, chickens, and pigs. Pottery-making and bamboo-working were highly developed crafts, as were basketry, leather-working, and the weaving of hemp, jute, and silk.
1293:
The pottery from the successive cultural developments in the Red River Valley is the most well known. Vietnamese archaeologists here discern three pre-Đông Son cultures:
1349:. The dating of events is still a subject of research. The date ranges are conservative date estimates for the known periods: The lines of kings are in the order of the
1223:, and also included handicrafts, hunting and gathering, husbandry and fishing. Especially, the skill of bronze casting was at a high level. The most famous relics are
287:
1929:
1618:
1781:"峰州(今理嘉寧縣。)古文朗國，有文朗水。亦陸梁地。" translation: "Feng province (now Jianing prefecture) the ancient Wenlang nation; there was the Wenlang river; also a wanderers' land."
2580:
1047:
1037:
739:
Legend describes a significant political event occurred when Lộc Tục came into power in 2879 BC. Lộc Tục was recorded as a descendant of the mythical ruler
1879:
quote: "《林邑記》曰：渡比景至朱吾。朱吾縣浦，今之封界，朱吾以南，有文狼人，野居無室宅，依樹止宿，食生魚肉，採香為業，與人交市，若上皇之民矣。縣南有文狼究，下流逕通。" translation: "'Records of Linyi' said: Crossing Bijing to Zhouwu.
1850:
to the south there are the wild people of
Wenlang. They don't dwell in houses, use large trees as their resting places, eat raw meat; their profession is
1809:
1978:
1687:
848:
by carving on stones dates back to 2200–2000 BC. Parallel lines were carved on the stone tools as a counting instrument involving the lunar calendar.
78:
130:
2585:
1839:
1796:
1524:
1482:
1417:
2343:: 21–62, ed. W. G. Solheim II. Honolulu: Asian and Pacific Archaeology Series No. 2, Social Science Research Institute, University of Hawaii.
1945:
1613:
773:Đế Minh mới lập Đế Nghi là con nối ngôi, cai quản phương Bắc, phong cho vua làm Kinh Dương Vương, cai quản phương Nam, gọi là nước Xích Quỷ.
748:
358:
1530:
2516:
2437:
2378:
The
Cultural Dimensions of the Vietnamese Private Entrepreneurship, The IUP J. Entrepreneurship Development, Vol. VI, No. 3&4, 2009
480:
2575:
1893:
1238:
From 2000 BC, people in modern-day North
Vietnam developed a sophisticated agricultural society, probably through learning from the
494:
2590:
513:
668:
The earliest historical mentions of Văn Lang, however, just had been recorded in
Chinese-language documents, dated back to the
2291:. Hà Nội: Ban tư tưởng – văn hóa trung ương, Trung tâm thông tin công tác tư tưởng, 2005. 495 p. : col. ill.; 21 cm.
2009:
1329:
Contemporary Vietnamese historians have established the existence of various ethnic minorities now living in the highlands of
940:; usually the lạc tướng was a member of the Hùng kings' family. Bộ comprised the agricultural hamlets and villages based on a
2258:
2063:
386:
was the absolute monarch of the country and, at least in theory, wielded complete control of the land and its resources. The
1926:
1273:
indicates an indigenous origin for the bronze-casting technology. Many small, ancient copper mine sites have been found in
199:
2452:
2249:
Kelley, Liam C. (2016), "Inventing Traditions in Fifteenth-century Vietnam", in Mair, Victor H.; Kelley, Liam C. (eds.),
449:" assigned to this dynasty in early Vietnamese-written histories in Chinese; its meaning is supposedly a mythical giant (
1855:
920:
The first Hùng King established the first "Vietnamese" state in response to the needs of co-operation in constructing
2417:
2396:
2073:
2046:
2019:
784:
The name Xích Quỷ 赤鬼 is derived from Sino-Vietnamese xích 赤 "red" and quỷ 鬼 "demon". The meaning of the name is from
770:Đế Minh ư thị lập Đế Nghi vi tự, trị Bắc phương, phong vương vi Kinh Dương Vương, trị Nam phương, hiệu Xích Quỷ quốc.
2555:
828:
Starting from the third Hùng dynasty since 2524 BC, the kingdom was renamed Văn Lang, and the capital was set up at
20:
2465:
1593:
1872:
1560:
888:
tribes to overthrow the last Hùng king in approximately 258 BC. After conquering Văn Lang, Thục Phán united the
722:, the inhabitant populations grew and spread to every part of Vietnam. Most ancient people were living near the
680:). However, Chinese records also indicated that another people, who lived elsewhere, were also called Văn Lang.
2388:
144:
1429:
1298:
789:
574:
1224:
2491:
1986:
1695:
658:
972:
Semi-historical source described Văn Lang's northern border stretched to the southern part of present-day
1121:
1880:
1369:
1177:
852:
805:
793:
744:
367:
338:
218:
1715:
1173:
867:
231:
1399:
1294:
1075:
439:
2560:
897:
875:
350:
57:
1565:
1506:
1318:
1255:
1227:
on which are depicted houses, clothing, customs, habits, and cultural activities of the Hùng era.
1139:
1099:
844:
begins from the foot of the mountains. The evidence that the Vietnamese knew how to calculate the
804:(a common motif of Vietnamese place names). Red 赤 is associated with Vermilion Bird of the South (
2409:
1110:
517:
1065:
1061:
1027:
837:
395:
382:), a title used in many modern discussions of the ancient Vietnamese rulers of this period. The
1135:
996:
715:
place with mountains, forests, and rivers, the number of tribes grew between 5000 and 3000 BC.
525:
521:
74:
2036:
1555:
2334:
The Archaeology of Central Philippines: A Study Chiefly of the Iron Age and its Relationships
1187:
1089:
1079:
785:
1310:
1197:
1153:
1143:
711:
2466:"Rediscovering the people's ethnic origins and ancestral lands during the Hùng kings' time"
1286:
1163:
1876:
1778:
1626:
815:
Lộc Tục inaugurated the earliest monarchical regime as well as the first ruling family by
8:
2133:
2121:(in Vietnamese). Ho Chi Minh City: Ho Chi Minh City General Publishing House. p. 18.
1900:
797:
701:
375:
322:
1608:
403:
2346:
1970a. Prehistoric archaeology in eastern Mainland Southeast Asia and the Philippines.
901:
83:
2413:
2392:
2254:
2069:
2042:
2015:
1847:
1813:
1476:
1302:
2505:
2221:
Bayard, D. T. 1977. Phu Wiang pottery and the prehistory of Northeastern Thailand.
2151:
1747:
Shorto, H. A Mon-Khmer Comparative Dictionary, Ed. Paul Sidwell, 2006. #692. p. 217
1330:
1274:
989:
889:
723:
558:
539:
399:
881:
2570:
1952:
1933:
1334:
925:
841:
534:
419:
246:
833:
2336:. Manila: Monograph of the National Institute of Science and Technology No. 10.
1435:
1354:
966:
845:
801:
635:
607:
2456:
885:
809:
752:
677:
2549:
2531:
2518:
1834:
1791:
1387:
1375:
1239:
1057:
595:
461:
411:
47:
2294:
Peacock, B. A. V. 1959. A short description of Malayan prehistoric pottery.
1131:
924:
and in struggles against their enemies. This was a very primitive form of a
893:
829:
673:
454:
391:
280:
173:
2315:
Sieveking, G. de G. 1954. Excavations at Gua Cha, Kelantan, 1954 (Part 1).
1720:
1488:
1405:
1381:
1345:
The history of the Hồng Bàng period is split according to the rule of each
1314:
977:
955:
727:
669:
619:
588:
67:
1453:
1441:
1346:
816:
383:
371:
1494:
1447:
1265:
777:
707:
475:
2473:
1518:
2455:[New Light on a Forgotten Past] (in Vietnamese). Archived from
2436:[Đông Sơn ancient bronze tools] (in Vietnamese). Archived from
2325:
1959. Further notes on the Kalanay pottery complex in the Philippines.
1867:
1217:
941:
921:
871:
250:
2385:
The Colonial Bastille: A History of Imprisonment in Vietnam, 1862–1940
1736:
42nd International Conference on SinoTibetan Languages and Linguistics
731:
encouraged the development of tribal states and communal settlements.
627:
624:
584:
581:
566:
563:
468:
465:
450:
446:
443:
2273:
Lévy, P. 1943. Recherches préhistoriques dans la région de Mlu Prei.
1854:-gathering and they trade with other peoples, like people during the
1851:
1512:
985:
719:
2244:
The Dongson Culture and Cultural Centers in the Metal Age in Vietnam
936:. The country was composed of fifteen bộ "regions", each ruled by a
1773:
1306:
905:
740:
554:
254:
688:
2495:
1821:
1598:
Bảo Tàng Lịch Sử Quốc Gia (Vietnamese National Museum of History)
1411:
1260:
1220:
981:
954:
claimed that Hùng kings had named princesses as "mỵ nương" (From
407:
334:
305:
2353:
1970b. Northern Thailand, Southeast Asia, and world prehistory.
542:
people living in Vietnam and Laos; Ferlus suggests that Vietic *
1843:
1817:
1768:
1231:
423:
2230:
Cult, Culture, and Authority: Princess Liẽu Hạnh in Vietnamese
1317:
valleys, all the local cultures eventually developed into the
855:, which Văn Lang came out victorious thanks to general Gióng.
2308:
Phan Huy Lê, Trần Quốc Vượng, Hà Văn Tấn, Lương Ninh (1991),
2280:
Mourer, R. 1977. Laang Spean and the prehistory of Cambodia.
1350:
992:. Such claims haven't been proved by archeological research.
973:
929:
909:
851:
According to Vietnamese legend, at one point, Văn Lang had a
415:
309:
1842:"《林邑記》曰：蒼梧以南有文郎野人，居無室宅，依樹止宿，食生肉，采香為業，與人交易，若上皇之人。'Records of
16:
Legendary, semi-mythical period in Vietnamese historiography
2596:
States and territories disestablished in the 3rd century BC
2566:
States and territories established in the 3rd millennium BC
2172:
Phan Huy Lê, Trần Quốc Vượng, Hà Văn Tấn, Lương Ninh, p. 99
1734:
Michel Ferlus. "Formation of Ethnonyms in Southeast Asia".
1243:
337:
historiography, spanning from the beginning of the rule of
2253:, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, pp. 161–193,
2339:
1968. The Batungan Cave sites, Masbate, Philippines, in
2303:
Postcolonial Vietnam: New Histories of the National Past
892:
tribes with the Âu Việt tribes to form a new kingdom of
402:) and alleged that Văn Lang was bordered to the west by
706:
The area now known as Vietnam has been inhabited since
759:
2406:
Việt Nam: a history from earliest time to the present
2098:
1979:"Complete Book of the Historical Records of Đại Việt"
1750:
2150:
eHistory, Ohio State University. Guilmartin, John. "
1592:"Hùng kings' Jade Genealogies". Phan Duy Kha (2012)
610:; the kingdom's name is phonetically connected with
1946:
6,000-year-old tombs unearthed in northeast Vietnam
1810:
Yuanhe Maps and Records of Prefectures and Counties
2341:Anthropology at the Eight Pacific Science Congress
1922:
1920:
747:and called his newly born nation Xích Quỷ. In the
2035:Ray, Nick; et al. (2010), "Co Loa Citadel",
1586:Not in official histories, but in the unofficial
1337:during the early phase of the Hồng Bàng dynasty.
73:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
2547:
2134:"History of Vietnam from the Stone Age to today"
1939:
1587:
349:) in 2879 BC until the conquest of the state by
19:"Hồng Bàng" redirects here. For other uses, see
2068:. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 13, 14.
2011:Rice and Baguette: A History of Food in Vietnam
1917:
1894:"Mission Atlas Project – VIETNAM – Basic Facts"
1738:, Nov 2009, Chiang Mai, Thailand. 2009. pp. 4-5
2581:1st-millennium BC disestablishments in Vietnam
2205:
2203:
2201:
2199:
2116:
2095:Khâm định Việt sử thông giám cương mục, Vol. 1
2065:A History of Vietnam: From Hong Bang to Tu Duc
1659:
1619:Records about the Hồng Bàng clan - Hung Kings
1594:"'Decoding' the Hung Kings' Jade Genealogies"
2189:
2187:
840:) at the juncture of three rivers where the
516:ethnonyms across three linguistic families,
390:also recorded that the nation's capital was
2196:
976:, and the southern border stretched to the
969:word for Muong noble throughout the time).
2251:Imperial China and its southern neighbours
1838:"Provinces, Districts, and Divisions 18",
1795:"Provinces, Districts, and Divisions 18",
928:with the Hùng king on top and under him a
788:, where 鬼 quỷ refers to the constellation
143:
2453:"Ánh sáng mới trên một quá khứ lãng quên"
2193:Vuong Quan Hoang and Tran Tri Dung, p. 64
2184:
2152:America and Vietnam: The Fifteen Year War
1963:
1961:
1582:
1580:
710:times, with some archaeological sites in
672:(7th- to 9th-century), about the area of
657:There also exists a phonetically similar
2364:On the struggle for democracy in Vietnam
2242:Hoang Xuan Chinh and Bui Van Tien 1980.
2028:
2001:
1886:
1723:: First Zen Teacher in Vietnam and China
1656:Dror, p. 33 & 254 "Hồng Bàng period"
1259:
718:During a few thousand years in the Late
687:
2403:
2061:
2055:
1976:
1756:
1644:A brief chronology of Vietnam's history
1216:The economy was based predominantly on
961:, which means princess), and prince as
2586:Former countries in Vietnamese history
2548:
2371:Oxford Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War
2248:
2104:
2091:
2089:
2087:
2085:
1958:
1676:Oxford Encyclopedia of the Vietnam War
1577:
1206:
751:(Vietnamese: Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư,
356:The 15th-century Vietnamese chronicle
2463:
2166:
1631:established his capital in Phong Châu
1372:(支乾) (Hùng Dynasty I, 2879 – 2794 BC)
366:) claimed that the period began with
2376:Vuong Quan Hoang and Tran Tri Dung.
2131:
1642:Anh Thư Hà, Hò̂ng Đức Trà̂n (2000).
1470:
1360:
614:, yet nothing further is conclusive.
333:, was a legendary ancient period in
25:
2082:
2034:
1438:(支兌) (Dynasty VIII, 1431 - 1332 BC)
900:and built his capital and citadel,
823:
734:
13:
2154:." 1991. New York: Military Press.
2007:
1533:(支癸) (Dynasty XVIII, 408 – 258 BC)
1420:(支坤) (Dynasty VII, 1631 – 1432 BC)
1402:(approximately 2000–1500 BC)
1384:(支艮) (Dynasty III, 2524 – 2253 BC)
1230:The Hùng Vươngs ruled Văn Lang in
1200:from Day River to Mount Tara Diep
944:clan relationship and headed by a
63:for transliterated languages, and
43:of its non-English content, using
14:
2607:
2426:
1527:(支壬) (Dynasty XVII, 568 – 409 BC)
1491:(支戊) (Dynasty XIII, 968 – 854 BC)
1485:(支丁) (Dynasty XII, 1054 – 969 BC)
1456:(支丙) (Dynasty XI, 1161 – 1055 BC)
1444:(支甲) (Dynasty IX, 1331 – 1252 BC)
1414:(支離) (Dynasty VI, 1712 – 1632 BC)
1390:(支震) (Dynasty IV, 2252 - 1913 BC)
1378:(支坎) (Dynasty II, 2793 – 2525 BC)
980:delta, including parts of modern
861:
623:(1342); in Chinese transcription
429:
2576:3rd-century BC disestablishments
2268:Vietnam, Now: A Reporter Returns
2132:Carr, Karen (October 15, 2017).
1521:(支辛) (Dynasty XVI, 660 – 569 BC)
1497:(支己) (Dynasty XIV, 853 – 755 BC)
1450:(支乙) (Dynasty X, 1251 – 1162 BC)
1408:(支巽) (Dynasty V, 1912 – 1713 BC)
853:war against Shang-China invasion
285:
129:
30:
2472:(in Vietnamese). Archived from
2175:
2157:
2144:
2125:
2110:
1970:
1873:Commentary on the Water Classic
1861:
1827:
1802:
1784:
1762:
1741:
1633:, (now in Bạch Hạc prefecture)"
1515:(支庚) (Dynasty XV, 754 – 661 BC)
1324:
1249:
948:, usually a male tribal elder.
915:
776:Đế Minh (Great-grandson of the
695:
2591:29th-century BC establishments
2389:University of California Press
2041:, Lonely Planet, p. 123,
1728:
1709:
1680:
1668:
1650:
1636:
1602:
1211:
952:The Tale of the Hồng Bàng Clan
546:is the "iambic late form" of *
364:Đại Việt, The Complete History
79:multilingual support templates
1:
2464:Vương, Liêm (27 March 2011).
1571:
1432:(approximately 1500–1100 BC)
1340:
800:: sao Quỷ) which lies in the
598:in the 8th century, known as
440:Sino-Vietnamese pronunciation
2289:Sổ tay báo cáo viên năm 2005
1629:'s son (taboo name unknown)
1479:(approximately 1100–800 BC)
1366:Early period (2879–2000 BC)
932:consisted of advisors – the
7:
2235:Heekeren, H. R. van. 1972.
1549:
1509:(approximately 800–258 BC)
1024:Phong Châu (King's capital)
880:Văn Lang ended 258 BC when
749:Complete Annals of Đại Việt
10:
2612:
2310:Lịch sử Việt Nam, volume 1
2237:The Stone Age of Indonesia
2215:
1927:Ancient calendar unearthed
1688:"ĐVSKTT NK 1 - Viet Texts"
1280:
1253:
1005:A Brief History of Vietnam
865:
761:帝明於是立帝宜爲嗣、治北方、封王爲涇陽王、治南方、號
760:
699:
683:
112:(legendarily 2879–2524 BC)
21:Hồng Bàng (disambiguation)
18:
2502:
2489:
2483:
1625:〈今白鶴縣是也〉。" translation: "
562:
553:A kingdom north of today-
512:"human being, person" of
301:
260:
242:
238:
225:
212:
208:
198:
190:
182:
159:
151:
142:
126:
120:(legendarily 2524–258 BC)
105:
2209:Ngô Văn Thạo, p. 823-824
1840:Section: Lingnan Circuit
1797:Section: Lingnan Circuit
896:. He proclaimed himself
755:: 大越史記全書), states that,
2410:Oxford University Press
2383:Zinoman, Peter (2001).
2117:Trần Trọng Kim (2005).
2062:Chapuis, Oscar (1995).
1955:. Retrieved 2014-01-19.
1936:. Retrieved 2014-01-05.
1614:Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư
594:A kingdom subjected by
388:Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư
359:Đại Việt sử ký toàn thư
2532:21.28167°N 105.44194°E
2270:. PublicAffairs, 2008.
2008:Vu, Hong Lien (2016).
1588:
1269:
782:
692:
653:"human being, person".
506:) in the word-family *
418:), to the east by the
379:
326:
186:Animism, folk religion
2434:"Đồ đồng cổ Đông Sơn"
2404:Kiernan, Ben (2019).
2362:Tăng Dực Đào (1994).
2287:Ngô Văn Thạo (2005).
2239:. The Hague: Nijhoff.
1621:" quote: "貉龍君之子也〈缺諱〉。
1264:Image on the Ngoc Lu
1263:
1254:Further information:
1225:Đông Sơn Bronze Drums
1109:Quảng Yên (a part of
1019:Present-day location
786:Twenty-Eight Mansions
757:
691:
602:in Pre-Angkorian and
2301:Pelley, Patricia M.
1076:Thái Nguyên Province
1066:Tuyên Quang Province
1011:Regions of Văn Lang
904:, in the modern-day
617:The ethnonym မြန်မာ
422:and to the south by
341:over the kingdom of
214:• 2879–2794 BC
177:(2524 – 258 BC)
136:Đông Sơn bronze drum
41:specify the language
39:This article should
2537:21.28167; 105.44194
2528: /
2373:(hardback edition).
2369:Tucker, Spencer C.
2228:Dror, Olga (2007).
1589:Ngọc phả Hùng Vương
1556:Văn Lang University
1400:Phùng Nguyên Period
1207:Culture and economy
1174:Quảng Bình Province
1111:Quảng Ninh Province
1012:
702:Prehistoric Vietnam
410:), to the north by
329:), also called the
165:(2879 BC – 2524 BC)
2470:www.newvietart.com
2322:Solheim II, W. G.
2181:Tăng Dực Đào, p. 7
2163:Hoang and Bui 1980
2014:. Reaktion Books.
1989:on 15 October 2020
1951:2014-02-11 at the
1932:2014-01-03 at the
1311:Thanh Hóa Province
1270:
1178:Quảng Trị Province
1154:Thanh Hóa Province
1144:Ninh Bình Province
1122:Hải Dương Province
1010:
712:Thanh Hóa Province
693:
345:(initially called
227:• 408–258 BC
2556:Hồng Bàng dynasty
2512:
2511:
2503:Succeeded by
2500:c. 2879 – 258 BC
2260:978-9-81462-055-0
1881:Zhouwu prefecture
1848:Cangwu Commandery
1820:Kingdom in today
1546:
1545:
1467:
1466:
1204:
1203:
1170:Việt Thường (越 裳)
1140:Nam Định Province
1136:Hưng Yên Province
1100:Lạng Sơn Province
1090:Bắc Ninh Province
1080:Cao Bằng Province
922:hydraulic systems
906:Dong Anh district
528:, together with:
331:Hồng Bàng dynasty
327:thời kỳ Hồng Bàng
315:
314:
297:
296:
293:
292:
178:
171:
166:
115:State of Văn Lang
107:State of Xích Quỷ
101:
100:
81:may also be used.
2603:
2543:
2542:
2540:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2484:Preceded by
2481:
2480:
2477:
2476:on 1 April 2011.
2460:
2448:
2446:
2445:
2423:
2319:I and II:75–138.
2263:
2210:
2207:
2194:
2191:
2182:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2155:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2119:Việt Nam sử lược
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2093:
2080:
2079:
2059:
2053:
2051:
2032:
2026:
2025:
2005:
1999:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1985:. Archived from
1974:
1968:
1965:
1956:
1943:
1937:
1924:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1905:
1899:. Archived from
1898:
1890:
1884:
1865:
1859:
1831:
1825:
1806:
1800:
1788:
1782:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1739:
1732:
1726:
1713:
1707:
1706:
1704:
1703:
1694:. Archived from
1692:sites.google.com
1684:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1663:
1657:
1654:
1648:
1640:
1634:
1606:
1600:
1591:
1584:
1566:Đông Sơn culture
1561:Việt Nam sử lược
1471:
1361:
1319:Đông Sơn culture
1275:northern Vietnam
1256:Đông Sơn culture
1188:Hà Tĩnh Province
1164:Nghệ An Province
1118:Dương Tuyên (陽泉)
1062:Phú Thọ Province
1048:Sơn Tây Province
1038:Sơn Tây Province
1028:Phú Thọ Province
1013:
1009:
1001:Việt Nam sử lược
990:Northern Vietnam
824:Văn Lang Kingdom
767:
766:
764:
745:Kinh Dương Vương
735:Xích Quỷ Kingdom
569:
464:(2009) includes
460:French linguist
400:northern Vietnam
396:Phú Thọ Province
394:(in present-day
368:Kinh Dương Vương
339:Kinh Dương Vương
319:Hồng Bàng period
289:
288:
277:
276:
262:
261:
232:Hùng Vương XVIII
176:
169:
164:
147:
133:
121:
113:
103:
102:
96:
93:
87:
72:
66:
62:
56:
52:
46:
34:
33:
26:
2611:
2610:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2561:Ancient Vietnam
2546:
2545:
2536:
2534:
2530:
2527:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2508:
2499:
2487:
2451:
2443:
2441:
2432:
2429:
2420:
2329:3 (2): 157–166.
2298:3 (2): 121–156.
2261:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2197:
2192:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2171:
2167:
2162:
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2149:
2145:
2130:
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2115:
2111:
2103:
2099:
2094:
2083:
2076:
2060:
2056:
2049:
2033:
2029:
2022:
2006:
2002:
1992:
1990:
1975:
1971:
1966:
1959:
1953:Wayback Machine
1944:
1940:
1934:Wayback Machine
1925:
1918:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1896:
1892:
1891:
1887:
1866:
1862:
1832:
1828:
1807:
1803:
1789:
1785:
1767:
1763:
1755:
1751:
1746:
1742:
1733:
1729:
1721:Master Tang Hoi
1716:Thích Nhất Hạnh
1714:
1710:
1701:
1699:
1686:
1685:
1681:
1673:
1669:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1641:
1637:
1607:
1603:
1585:
1578:
1574:
1552:
1547:
1507:Đông Sơn Period
1468:
1430:Đồng Đậu Period
1343:
1335:Central Vietnam
1327:
1283:
1258:
1252:
1214:
1209:
926:sovereign state
918:
878:
866:Main articles:
864:
842:Red River Delta
826:
806:Sino-Vietnamese
794:Sino-Vietnamese
762:
737:
704:
698:
686:
659:Proto-Mon-Khmer
514:Southeast Asian
442:of characters "
432:
308:
286:
247:Ancient history
228:
215:
172:
167:
138:
137:
134:
122:
119:
117:
116:
114:
111:
109:
108:
97:
91:
88:
82:
70:
64:
60:
58:transliteration
54:
50:
44:
35:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2609:
2599:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2501:
2488:
2485:
2479:
2478:
2461:
2459:on 2012-09-13.
2449:
2428:
2427:External links
2425:
2418:
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2107:, p. 172.
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1665:Pelley, p. 151
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1355:Heavenly Stems
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1160:Hoài Hoan (懷驩)
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1034:Châu Diên (朱鳶)
1031:
1030:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1017:
997:Trần Trọng Kim
917:
914:
902:Cổ Loa Citadel
898:An Dương Vương
876:An Dương Vương
868:Hùng Duệ Vương
863:
862:Âu Lạc Kingdom
860:
846:lunar calendar
825:
822:
736:
733:
700:Main article:
697:
694:
685:
682:
655:
654:
647:
615:
592:
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431:
430:Origin of name
428:
351:An Dương Vương
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77:. Knowledge's
38:
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15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2608:
2597:
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2592:
2589:
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2507:
2498:
2497:
2493:
2482:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2440:on 2009-04-30
2439:
2435:
2431:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2419:9780190053796
2415:
2411:
2407:
2398:
2397:9780520224124
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2266:Lamb, David.
2265:
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2139:
2135:
2128:
2120:
2113:
2106:
2105:Kelley (2016)
2101:
2092:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2077:
2075:0-313-29622-7
2071:
2067:
2066:
2058:
2050:
2048:9781742203898
2044:
2040:
2039:
2031:
2023:
2021:9781780237046
2017:
2013:
2012:
2004:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1977:Ngô Sĩ Liên.
1973:
1964:
1962:
1954:
1950:
1947:
1942:
1935:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1921:
1906:on 2012-09-15
1902:
1895:
1889:
1882:
1878:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1857:
1853:
1849:
1846:' said: From
1845:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1835:Taiping Yulan
1830:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1805:
1798:
1794:
1793:
1792:Taiping Yulan
1787:
1780:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1765:
1759:, p. 53.
1758:
1753:
1744:
1737:
1731:
1724:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1698:on 2020-10-15
1697:
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1639:
1632:
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1627:Lạc Long Quân
1624:
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1605:
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1596:. Publisher:
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1478:
1477:Gò Mun Period
1475:
1474:
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1455:
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1446:
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1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1300:
1296:
1291:
1288:
1278:
1276:
1267:
1262:
1257:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1240:Shang dynasty
1236:
1233:
1228:
1226:
1222:
1219:
1199:
1196:
1194:Bình Văn (平文)
1193:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1179:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1150:Cửu Chân (九真)
1149:
1148:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1128:Giao Chỉ (交趾)
1127:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1106:Ninh Hải (寧海)
1105:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1096:Lục Hải (陸 海)
1095:
1094:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1063:
1059:
1056:
1054:Tân Hưng (新興)
1053:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1044:Phúc Lộc (福祿)
1043:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1015:
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998:
995:According to
993:
991:
987:
983:
979:
975:
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968:
964:
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831:
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811:
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756:
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750:
746:
742:
732:
729:
725:
721:
716:
713:
709:
703:
690:
681:
679:
675:
671:
666:
665:"man, male".
664:
660:
652:
648:
645:
641:
637:
633:
629:
626:
622:
621:
616:
613:
609:
606:in Angkorian
605:
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597:
596:Jayavarman II
593:
590:
586:
583:
580:
576:
572:
568:
565:
560:
556:
552:
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541:
537:
536:
532:The ethnonym
531:
530:
529:
527:
523:
519:
518:Austroasiatic
515:
511:
510:
505:
501:
497:
496:
491:
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477:
473:
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462:Michel Ferlus
458:
456:
452:
448:
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441:
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417:
413:
412:Dongting Lake
409:
406:(present-day
405:
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370:as the first
369:
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302:Today part of
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125:
104:
95:
85:
80:
76:
69:
59:
49:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
2513:
2506:Thục dynasty
2490:
2486:New creation
2474:the original
2469:
2457:the original
2442:. Retrieved
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1266:bronze drum
1221:cultivation
1212:Agriculture
942:matriarchal
832:(in modern
778:Yan Emperor
642:→ Mandarin
476:Old Chinese
353:in 258 BC.
168:Nghĩa Lĩnh
2550:Categories
2520:21°16′54″N
2444:2008-07-05
1983:Viet Texts
1910:2012-10-07
1877:Chapter 36
1868:Li Daoyuan
1856:Sovereigns
1702:2018-12-30
1572:References
1341:Chronology
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1268:'s surface
1218:rice paddy
830:Phong Châu
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796:: Quỷ tú,
724:Hồng (Red)
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591:documents;
577:and later
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191:Government
174:Phong Châu
163:Ngàn Hống
2350:13:47–58.
2225:3:57–102.
1852:fragrance
1525:Nhâm line
1513:Canh line
1483:Đinh line
1454:Bính line
1442:Giáp line
1436:Đoài line
1418:Khôn line
1388:Chấn line
1376:Khảm line
1347:Hùng king
1198:Ninh Binh
1060:(part of
999:'s book,
986:Guangdong
963:quan lang
938:lạc tướng
882:Thục Phán
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575:Sānguózhì
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183:Religion
92:June 2021
2284:3:29–56.
2138:quatr.us
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1779:Vol. 184
1774:Tongdian
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1550:See also
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1489:Mậu line
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1382:Cấn line
1370:Càn line
1315:Cả River
1307:Ma River
1299:Đồng Đậu
1287:Sa Huỳnh
1058:Hưng Hóa
978:Cả River
959:mae nang
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