311:, or rhymed verse, appeared in the sixteenth century. Also in the same period, the famous "seven-seven-six-eight" verse form was also invented. Verse novels (truyện) also became a major genre. It was around the fifteenth century that people started linking the traditional "six-eight" iambic couplet verses of folk poetry together, playing on the internal rhyming between the sixth syllable of the eight line and the last syllable of the six line, so that end rhyme mutates every two lines. Orally narrated verse novels using this verse pattern received immense popular support in a largely illiterate society.
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follow the analytic process to figure out the meaning of the poem. The word "free" can be understood as the escape from the restraint of poetry rules. The poets want to chase after his inspirations and emotions, using words to describe inner feelings instead of being constrained by words, by rules. They do not have to be constrained by criticism until they have to change the words, ideas until the poem becomes a monster child of their emotions. For example, in
27:
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the speaker is also implying that she is a pretty girl. She is speaking to a learned young man, a scholar, for whom she has feelings. The answer to the riddle is that the "I" is a book. In a few verses, the clever speaker coyly puts forth a metaphorical self-introduction and proposal: a peasant girl with both physical and inner beauty invites the gentleman-scholar's courtship.
1888:(unstressed-unstressed-stressed) which are present but comparatively rare in the lục bát alone. Overall, the quatrain suggests tension, followed by resolution. It has been used in many genres, "ut its great strength is the rendering of feelings and emotions in all their complexity, in long lyrics. Its glory rests chiefly on three works ... '
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often have "láy" words, whereby due to the repetition of the whole word or an element of it, "láy" word, when pronounced, two enunciations of the two words will coincide (complete "láy") or come close (incomplete "láy") creating a series of harmony, rendering the musical quality of poetry both multi-colored and elegant.
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The speaker refers to herself as "em," an affectionate, if not somewhat sexist, pronoun for a subordinate, often a female. Combined with the reference to the rice field, the verses suggest that the speaker is of a humble position, most likely a lowly peasant girl. Pale skin is a mark of beauty, hence
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The verse also tends toward an iambic rhythm (one unstressed syllable followed by one stressed syllable), so that the even syllables (those mandatorily sharp or flat) also tend to be stressed. While sharp tones provide variety within lines, flat tones dominate, and only flat tones are used in rhymes.
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With the free poetry using the "dong gay" technique, presenting long lines and short, to create a visual rhythm, when read aloud, not according to line but to sentence, with the aim to hear properly the sound of each word. Visual rhythm is the most important thing, because through it, the reader can
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Ca dao meaning folk songs, are poems which were derived from folk songs that were rewritten to be recited. Because of this, refrains are never used in ca dao, even though they are used in the folk songs that ca dao poems derive from. Ca dao is a Sino-Vietnamese term, 歌謠, the term is derived from the
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While
Vietnamese poets have embraced regulated verse, they have at times loosened restrictions, even taking frankly experimental approaches such as composing in six-syllable lines. Though less prestigious (in part because it was not an element of official examinations), they have also written in the
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At the heart of this family of forms are four related verse types: two with five syllables per line, and two with seven syllables per line; eight lines constituting a complete poem in each. Not only are syllables and lines regulated, so are rhymes, Level and
Deflected tones (corresponding closely to
1887:
doublet exactly balances the number of required flat and sharp syllables, but emphasises the sharp with two rhymes. It bucks the tendency of even-syllabled lines in
Vietnamese folk verse, calling to mind the scholarly poetic tradition of China. It necessitates the incorporation of anapestic rhythms
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Cadence of lines: Cadence refers to the tempo, rhythm of the poem, based on how the lines are truncated into verses, each verse with a complete meaning. It is "long cadence" when people stop and dwell on the sound when they recite the line. Besides, in each verse, when reciting impromptu, we can
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Some folk tales are also told through ca dao, ca dao often has analogies drawn between humans, animals, and plant life. But the most common themes of ca dao are themes about the relationship between the opposite sex. Themes about lost love, husbands complaining about wives, wives complaining about
1238:
In contrast to the learned, official, and foreign nature of regulated verse, Vietnam also has a rich tradition of native, demotic, and vernacular verse. While lines with an odd number of syllables were favored by
Chinese aesthetics, lines with an even number of syllables were favored in Vietnamese
4219:
Sometimes to preserve the musical quality of the folklore poem, the sounds of the compound words can have reversal of positions. Like the above folklore, the two sounds "tha thiet" are reversed to become "thiet tha", because the 6-8 form of the poem only allows for flat rhyme. Poetry or folksongs
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With just four rhyming verses, the riddle sets up two linear equations with two unknowns. The answers are 30 lovers and 70 haters. The numbers might seem irrelevant to the overall context of a flirty math puzzle, but one may see the proportions as a representation of the romantic dynamics of the
4233:
Like Ca Dao, folk poetry riddles, or Đố were anonymously composed in ancient times and passed down as a regional heritage. Lovers in courtship often used Đố as a challenge for each other or as a smart flirt to express their inner sentiments. Peasants in the Red River and Mekong Deltas used Đố as
4208:
Sound "iếc" in the two words "biếc" và "tiếc" rhyming here has two "up" vowels (iê) together with up tone but rather truncated by the last consonant "c", are known as "clogged sound". These sounds, when read out loud, are associated with sobbing, hiccup, the music is thus slow, and plaintive,
4138:
Musical quality of words: according to linguistics, each simple word of
Vietnamese is a syllable, which can be strong or weak, pure or muddled, depending on the position of the pronunciation in the mouth (including lips, air pipe and also the openness of the mouth) One word is pronounced at a
490:. For metrical purposes, the 6 distinct phonemic tones that occur in Vietnamese are all considered as either "flat" or "sharp". Thus a line of metrical verse consists of a specific number of syllables, some of which must be flat, some of which must be sharp, and some of which may be either.
1210:
The other seven-syllable form is identical, but with (for the most part) opposite assignments of Level and
Deflected syllables. 5-syllable forms are similarly structured, but with 2+3 syllable lines, rather than 2+2+3. All forms might optionally omit the rhyme at the end of the first line,
979:. These strict forms were favored by the intelligentsia, and competence in composition was required for civil service examinations. Regulated verse — later written in Vietnamese as well as Chinese — has continued to exert an influence on Vietnamese poetry throughout its history.
299:
enjoyed official endorsement and became the primary language of poetry. By this century, the creation of chữ Nôm symbolized the happy marriage between chữ Hán and vernacular elements and contributed to the blurring of the literary distinction between "high" and "low" cultures.
1471:
Coupled with a predominantly steady iambic rhythm, the form may suggest a steady flow, which has recommended itself to narrative. Poets occasionally vary the form; for example, the typically flat second syllable of a "six" line may be replaced with a sharp for variety.
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the
Vietnamese flat and sharp), and a variety of "faults" which are to be avoided. While Chinese poets favored the 5-syllable forms, Vietnamese poets favored the 7-syllable forms, so the first of these seven-syllable forms is represented here in its standard Tang form:
259:
Folk poetry presumably flourished alongside classical poetry, and reflected the common man's life with its levity, humor and irony. Since popular poetry was mostly anonymously composed, it was more difficult to date and trace the thematic development of the genre.
210:
in
Vietnam by matching the latter's spontaneous oration in a four-verse poem called "Two Wild Geese". Poetry of the period proudly exhibited its Chinese legacy and achieved many benchmarks of classical Chinese literature. For this, China bestowed the title of
4209:
sorrowful. Hence, "iec" is particularly excellently rhymed, to express most precisely the heart-wrenching regret of the boy returning to his old place, meeting the old friends, having deep feelings for a very beautiful girl, but the girl was already married.
3458:
Ca dao can consist of four-syllable lines, five-syllable lines, six-eight or two seven six eight, can be sung wholecloth, without the need to insert fillers like when people recite the poetry. For example, take the following four syllable verse:
3784:
Due to the influence of the concept of visual arts in the times of the poet, Nguyễn Du usually employs "scenery description" style in his poems. Simple scenery, accentuated at certain points, gently sketched but irresistible. Another line by
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The "tứ" (theme) of a poem is the central emotion or image the poem wants to communicate. "Phong cách" (style) is the choice of words, the method to express ideas. Structure of the poetry is the form and the ideas of the poems combined.
767:(rhyming a syllable at the end of one line with a syllable in the middle of the next). Rhyme connects lines in a poem together, almost always occurring on the final syllable of a line, and sometimes including syllables within the line.
202:
and musical festivity appeared on the famous eponymous drums of the period. Since music and poetry are often inextricable in the
Vietnamese tradition, one could safely assume the Đông Sơn drums to be the earliest extant mark of poetry.
4000:Điệu (rhythm) is created by the sounds of selected words and cadence of the lines. Music in the poetry is constituted by 3 elements: rhyme, cadence and syllabic sound. "Six-eight" folk song is a form of poetry rich in musical quality.
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entertainment to disrupt the humdrum routine of rice planting or after a day's toil. Đố satisfies the peasants' intellectual needs and allows them to poke fun at the pedantic court scholars, stumped by these equivocating verses.
2210:
exhibits the same rhyme at the end of each line for an indefinite number of lines, then switches to another rhyme for an indefinite period. Within rhyming blocks, variety can be achieved by the use of both rich and poor rhyme.
177:
poetry, in which structures of content, number of syllables per line, lines per poem, rhythm rule determined the form of the poem. This stringent structure restricted Tang poetry to the middle and upper classes and academia.
1939:
poem. Poets occasionally vary the form; for example, for variety the final syllable of an "eight" line may rhyme with the third — instead of the fifth — syllable of the initial "seven" line of the following quatrain.
1479:
poems may be of any length: they may consist of just one couplet — as for example a proverb, riddle, or epigram — or they may consist of any number of linked couplets ranging from a brief lyric to an epic poem.
1255:
with a clear date that has been preserved until now is Nguyen Hy Quang's "Cảm tác" composed in 1674. The name denotes the number of syllables in each of the two lines of the couplet. Like regulated verse,
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Due to the civil strife between Trịnh and Nguyễn lords and other reasons, poetic innovation continued, though at a slower pace from the late fifteenth century to the eighteenth century. The earliest
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Punctuating words and rhyming words in these lines generate a certain kind of echo and create a bright melody, all to the effect of portraying the bright innocence of the subject of the verse.
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relies on syllable count, tone class, and rhyme for its structure; however, it is much less minutely regulated, and incorporates an interlocking rhyme scheme which links chains of couplets:
3455:(Kinh Thi). Ca dao poems generally tell stories of everyday life. Most ca dao poems tend to be short, at most one couplet of fourteen syllables. But ca dao poems longer than that do exist.
256:) — Vietnamese written using chữ Hán — was formalized. While Chinese remained the official written language for centuries, poets could now choose to write in the language of their choice.
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Like verse in
Chinese and most European languages, traditional Vietnamese verse is rhymed. The combination of meter and rhyme scheme defines the verse form in which a poem is written.
462:
The Second World War curbed some of this literary flourishing, though Vietnamese poetry would undergo a new period of development during the French resistance and the Vietnam War.
3750:
The musical nature of Vietnamese poetry manifests in the use of onomatopoeic words like "ri rao" (rustling), "vi vut" (whistling), "am am" (banging), "lanh canh" (tinkling), etc.
774:— an optional initial consonant or consonant cluster + a vowel (simple or compound) + an optional final consonant or consonant cluster — a "true" rhyme comprises syllables with
3850:. Using verbs for inanimate, insentient objects is akin to breathing life into the objects, making it lively in the mind of the reader. For instance, Trần Đăng Khoa wrote in "
4017:
Cadence in poetry, created by the compartmentalization of the line and the words, similar to putting punctuations in sentence, so we pause when we read Nhịp (4/4) - (2/2/2/2)
173:
With the exception of free poetry, a form with no distinct structure, other forms all have a certain structure. The tightest and most rigid structure was that of the
5183:
967:
The earliest extant poems by Vietnamese poets are in fact written in the Chinese language, in Chinese characters, and in Chinese verse forms — specifically the
267:(1010-1125) distinctively and predominantly feature Buddhist themes. Poetry then became progressively less religiously oriented in the following dynasty, the
751:. However, the additional two tones are not phonemic in Vietnamese and in any case roll up to the same sharp tone class as they do in a six-tone analysis.
5176:
759:
Use of rhyme in Vietnamese poetry is largely analogous to its use in English and other European languages; two important differences are the salience of
3634:
Poetry with no prosody, no rule, no limits on the number of words in the line, no line limits, appears to have been more adapted to a mass audience.
5136:
1977:) Additional structure may be provided by the final syllables of odd lines ("x") being in the opposite tone class to the rhyming ones, creating a
271:(1125-1400), as Confucian scholars replaced Buddhist priest as the Emperors' political advisers. Three successive victorious defense against the
1211:
necessitating tone alterations in the final three syllables. An additional stricture was that the two central couplets should be antithetical.
816:). Flat rhymes tend to create a feeling of gentleness and smoothness, whereas sharp rhymes create a feeling of roughness, motion, wakefulness.
1605:("double-seven six-eight") refers to an initial doublet — two lines of seven syllables each — linked by rhyme to a following lục bát couplet:
5157:
346:
3846:
These images are beautiful and tranquil, but they can also be non-static and lively. When objects are described in poetry, they are often
4658:
1923:
quatrains — or occasionally just a single quatrain — is the most usual form, other variations are possible. A sequence may begin with a
4139:
position in the mouth is affected by 4 elements constituting it: vowel, first consonant, last consonant and tone. Hence words that have
3760:, or the use of words to create images, is another fundamental aspect of Vietnamese poetry. An example of imagery can be found in the
158:; examples include verse forms with "seven syllables each line for eight lines," "seven syllables each line for four lines" (a type of
207:
5126:
3956:
Particularly, the metaphors in Hồ Xuân Hương poetry causes the half-real, half-unreal state, as if teasing the reader as in "Chess"
3897:. Humorous metaphors are commonly seen in poetry written for children. Examples are these lines that Khoa wrote at 9 years old in
743:
tones rather than six. This is due to the Chinese classification of tones which Vietnamese no longer uses due to the switch from
91:
739:
In order to correspond more closely with Chinese rules of versification, older analyses sometimes consider Vietnamese to have
63:
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4484:
be taken to mean that earlier Vietnamese verse was unrhymed. These earlier forms, like the Chinese forms they were based on,
496:
Traditionally in Vietnamese 1 word = 1 character = 1 syllable. Thus discussions of poetry may refer, for example, to a seven-
3696:
399:("New Poetry"), which borrowed from Western traditions in both its free verse form as well as modern existential themes.
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Then when the words get pronounced, the sound produced will be pure, high and up. On the other hand, words that have
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The purity of the words punctuate the line. Rhyming syllables are most essential to the musical quality of the poem.
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suggests the effect of syllable count, iambic tendency, and interlocking rhyme (English has no analogue for tone):
770:
In principle, Vietnamese rhymes exhibit the same features as English rhymes: Given that every syllable consists of
275:'s Mongolian armies further emboldened Vietnamese literary endeavors, infusing poetry with celebratory patriotism.
77:
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The last line has sharp rhyme then word number three is sharp rhyme, syllable number five and six are flat rhyme
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Echols, John M. (1974), "Vietnamese Poetry", in Preminger, Alex; Warnke, Frank J.; Hardison, O. B. (eds.),
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The last line has flat rhyme then word number three is flat rhyme, word number five and six are sharp rhyme
1601:
146:
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also stop to dwell on shorter sounds at verses separated into components, which is called "short cadence"
1214:
Tang poetics allowed additional variations: The central 2 couplets could form a complete four-line poem (
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3826:
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Vietnam's second great native verse form intricately counterpoises several opposing poetic tendencies.
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And "down" tone: hanging, tumbling and heavy tones then the word pronounced will be muddled and heavy
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37:
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2003:" stanza) In this stanza, if the "A" rhyme is sharp, then the "B" rhyme is flat, and vice versa.
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1463:♭ and ♯ are used only as handy mnemonic symbols; no connection with music should be inferred.
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High-culture poetry in each period mirrored various sensibilities of the age. The poems of
244:.) No writing system for vernacular Vietnamese existed until the thirteenth century, when
191:
The first indication of Vietnamese literary activity dates back around 500 BCE during the
8:
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Nguyen, Dinh-Hoa (1993), "Vietnamese Poetry", in Preminger, Alex; Brogan, T.V.F. (eds.),
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2017:
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The Vietnamese "free poetry" movement may have started from the poems translated from
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Phu Van, Q. (2012), "Poetry of Vietnam", in Greene, Roland; Cushman, Stephen (eds.),
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An Anthology of Vietnamese Poems: from the Eleventh through the Twentieth Centuries
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require identical tones, but must be of the same tone class: either all flat (e.g.
268:
5099:(fourth ed.), Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 1519–1521,
5006:(Enlarged ed.), Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, pp. 892–893,
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377:, often said to be the national poem of Vietnam. A contemporary of Nguyễn Du was
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162:), and "five syllables each line for eight lines." More recently there have been
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Tục Ngữ - Phong Dao. Nguyễn Văn Ngọc. (Mặc Lâm. Yiễm Yiễm Thư Quán. Sàigòn 1967
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can still be seen in the rhyme rule of seven-syllable poetry. 2 kinds of line:
1960:
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1475:
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of syllables. Whereas in English verse syllables are categorized by relative
395:
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Itinerant performers recite these epic poems, the most famous of which is the
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1218:), or their structure could be repeated to form a poem of indefinite length (
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is taken to be the least-ambiguous term for the foundational prosodic unit.
264:
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2644:
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Couplets, in which flat couplets and sharp couplets alternate (for example
976:
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in the acceptability of rhymed syllables, and the prominence of structural
232:
script, in use from around the thirteenth through early twentieth centuries
174:
5556:
5546:
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2219:
If second syllable is flat rhyme then the fourth syllable is sharp rhyme
272:
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155:
5122:- ny Đoàn Thị Điểm (1705–1748), originally by Đặng Trần Côn (1715?-1745)
4319:
couple, or the speaker himself or herself: 3 part love, 7 part despair.
470:
As in most metrical systems, Vietnamese meter is structured both by the
5163:
824:
342:
252:
195:
3277:
This form of poetry has no specified rule, or free rhyme. Usually if:
1915:
doublet is rarely used on its own — it is almost always paired with a
407:
3890:
3751:
2010:
356:
4781:- Tác phẩm chọn lọc dành cho thiếu nhi - Nhà xuất bản Kim Đồng, 1999
4764:- Tác phẩm chọn lọc dành cho thiếu nhi - Nhà xuất bản Kim Đồng, 1999
3921:
However, these also appear in more mature poets’ work. For example,
883:
has the same tone class, but slightly different vowel sounds: flat (
26:
4480:
NB: "Rhymed verse" designates a specific form of verse, and should
486:, in Vietnamese verse (as in Chinese) syllables are categorized by
353:, however, did not gain wide currency until the twentieth century.
236:
All the earliest literature from Vietnam is necessarily written in
159:
4988:, Translated by D. M. Hawke, New York: Columbia University Press,
1219:
5160:, The sixth Poetry Day in Việt Nam, 2008 at Văn Miếu-Quốc Tử Giám
3894:
3757:
2432:
Similar to four-syllable poetry, it also has its own exceptions.
482:, and in classical Greek and Latin verse they are categorized by
131:
5580:
361:
5199:
1974:
789:. However additional features are salient in Vietnamese verse.
422:
127:
5198:
5154:, Extractions of commentary of poetry - by Michael P. Garofalo
218:
5499:
1215:
339:
4343:
827:) has the same tone class, and the same vowel sound: flat (
436:
381:, a female author of masterful and boldly venereal verses.
314:
In the 17th century, Francisco de Pina arrived in Vietnam (
3595:
Said, Mother, please, buy me a dime's worth of galingale.
2413:
However a lot of poems do not conform to the above rule:
1927:
couplet; in this case the sequence must still end with a
4069:
Tựa mai (-) mai ngã (--) tựa đình (-) đình xiêu (--)
5027:, New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, pp. 1–25,
4035:Đông đào (-) tây liễu (-) biết ai (-) bạn cùng (--)
2483:
Using the last syllable, với cách with rhyme rule like
4980:
4133:
Ngày sau cũng gặp (--) mất đi đâu (-) mà phiền (--)
206:
In 987 CE, Đỗ Pháp Thuần co-authored with Li Chueh, a
4546:- Nguyễn Gia Thiều (1741- 1798) - Poetry compilation
3558:
The wind escorts the moon; the moon escorts the wind.
819:
Rhyme can be further classified as "rich" or "poor".
384:
5061:
The New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics
4012:
Trời (-) se sẽ lạnh (-), đất ngai (--) ngái mùi(--)
1935:
doublets may be randomly interspersed within a long
51:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
4204:Em đã có chồng (--) anh tiếc (-) lắm thay. (--)
4117:Chơi hoa (--) rồi lại bẻ cành (--) bán rao (--)
4053:Ướt cây (-) ướt lá (--) ai ngờ (-) ướt em (--)
1245:("six-eight") has been embraced as the verse form
936:Finally, poets may sometimes use a "slant rhyme":
357:Tây Sơn and Independent Nguyễn dynasty (1788-1862)
4851:Phê Bình Văn Học Thế Hệ 1932 - Chim Việt Cành Nam
3541:Another example of a ca dao poem about the moon:
349:), which helped furthered the development of the
250:("Southern writing", often referred to simply as
5597:
5137:vi:Proverbs and folk poetry and songs of Vietnam
5097:The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics
5076:
5019:
5004:The Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics
4263:My heart (lit. bowel) harbors the earth, the sky
4101:Sao cô (-) múc ánh trăng vàng (--) đổ đi (--)
3593:The dog sobbed standing up, sobbed sitting down,
2180:
2161:
2143:
2124:
2105:
2086:
2067:
2048:
2037:
1973:, analogous to many of the English and Scottish
940:
919:
863:
227:
4259:My face resembles the character of "rice field"
4194:Hay là (-) em để làm tin (-) trong nhà. (--)
4131:Đạo vợ chồng (-) thăm thẳm (-) giếng sâu (--)
287:flourished in the fifteenth century during the
278:
4085:Để ta khuyên gió (--) gió đừng rung cây (--)
3560:When the moon sets, who can the wind be with?
1483:A formal paraphrase of the first six lines of
457:
5184:
1200:L = Level syllable; D = Deflected syllable; L
347:Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusitanum et Latinum
4967:Nguyễn Trọng Báu - (Giai thoại chữ và nghĩa)
4794:của Nguyễn Nhược Pháp (1914-1938) - Tập thơ
4154:"up sound" : level, sharp, asking tones
4033:Em ngồi cành trúc (--) em tựa cành mai (--)
3123:Recently this form has been modified to be:
318:) and was credited with the creation of the
5063:, New York: MJF Books, pp. 1356–1357,
4310:Seventeen nuts. Count who adore, who hate.
4261:My skin is white, but I wear a black shield
3724:Em không phải là chiều mà nhuộm anh đến tím
3589:The chicken clucked, pecked on a lime leaf.
3506:Here is an example about a monk and a nun:
1948:Stanzas defined only by end-rhyme include:
1204:= Level syllable with "A" rhyme; / = pause.
5191:
5177:
5133:- Information and Culture Publisher - 1998
4948:http://ecadao.com/tieuluan/caudo/caudo.htm
4190:Bỏ quên cái áo (-) Trên cành hoa sen (--)
3722:Gió không phải là roi mà vách núi phải mòn
3591:The pig goes, oink, oink, buy me an onion.
326:, a Portuguese missionary and disciple of
4402:
4151:"resounding" consonant like: m, n, nh, ng
3793:and word play to portray the scenes that
3531:"Go pass Bellybutton Inn," whispered nun,
1959:, analogous to the Sicilian quatrain, or
416:(Nguyễn Khắc Hiếu), a transitional figure
111:Learn how and when to remove this message
5045:, Chicago: University of Chicago Press,
4986:An Introduction to Vietnamese Literature
4306:In hate, ten parts there'll be, no more.
4010:Dương gian (-) hé rạng (-) hình hài (--)
3374:
3293:
3272:
3135:
2929:
2666:
2634:
2328:
2231:
360:
217:
16:Poetic and literary tradition of Vietnam
5094:
4730:
4728:
4393:
4281:
4067:Yêu mình (--) chẳng lấy được mình (--)
3842:Bâng khuâng nghe vọng tiếng bà năm xưa
3603:
2427:
2214:
1890:A song of sorrow inside the royal harem
1226:similar but freer Chinese "old style" (
5598:
5143:- Hanoi Social Science Publisher- 1997
5058:
5001:
4304:In love, we'll split the nut in three;
4248:Có câu nhân nghĩa, có lời hiếu trung.
4202:Nụ tầm xuân (-) nở ra xanh biếc. (--)
4115:Trách người quân tử (-) bạc tình (--)
2478:
365:Hồ Xuân Hương, a witty and ribald poet
5172:
5079:A Thousand Years of Vietnamese Poetry
4051:Trời mưa (-) ướt bụi (-) ướt bờ (-)
3917:Bà chổi loẹt quẹt lom khom trong nhà
3838:Tiếng thơ đỏ nắng, xanh cây quanh nhà
393:poems abounded, often referred to as
4725:
4297:Có mười bảy quả hỏi người ghét yêu.
4285:
4269:I will open my heart for you to see
4267:When you gentleman could use for me,
4236:
3970:Thiếp thấy bí, thiếp liền ghểnh sĩ.
3935:Ở trong nắng có một ngàn cái chuông
3881:Thành phố ngủ trong rầm rì tiếng gió
3780:Cành lê trắng điểm một vài bông hoa
3570:
3543:
3508:
3461:
2069:Không gì buồn bằng những buổi chiều
1943:
1919:couplet. Whereas a series of linked
1594:
1491:
49:adding citations to reliable sources
20:
5040:
4912:Trích trong bài của Trần Ngọc Ninh
4244:Da em thì trắng, áo đen mặc ngoài.
4188:Hôm qua (-) tát nước đầu đình (--)
3964:Thọat mới vào chàng liền nhảy ngựa,
3933:Nắng bay từng giọt - nắng ngân vang
3913:Nàng mây áo trắng ghé vào soi gương
3907:Bà sân vấn chiếc khăn hồng đẹp thay
3745:
2182:Không gian xám tưởng sắp tan thành
511:
500:line of verse, or to the tone of a
215:("the Cultured State") on Vietnam.
13:
4265:Words about conscience and loyalty
4215:Áo em hai vạt trải ra chàng ngồi.
4192:Em được (--) thì cho anh xin (--)
4173:"dead-end" consonant: p, t, ch, c,
4099:Hỡi cô (-) tát nước bên đàng (--)
3582:Mẹ ơi, đi chợ mua tôi đồng riềng.
3516:Hỏi thăm bà vãi: chùa Mu đằng nào?
1249:of Vietnam. Currently, the oldest
962:
518:Vietnamese phonology § Vowels
385:French colonial period (1862-1945)
14:
5622:
5113:
4308:One piece each, we're five score.
4293:Ghét nhau cau sáu bổ ra làm mười.
4223:
4083:Đố ai (-) quét sạch lá rừng (--)
3966:Thiếp vội vàng vén phứa tịnh lên.
3960:Quân thiếp trắng, quân chàng đen,
3529:"Which way to Mound Temple, Nun?"
3527:Stooping on a cane, a monk asked,
3520:Đi qua quán Rốn thì vào chùa Mu.
3442:But there are always exceptions.
2870:Chiều xanh không thấy bóng Ba Vì
2163:Từng đoàn lớp nhịp nhàng và lặng
2039:Bữa nay lạnh mặt trời đi ngủ sớm,
330:, published the first trilingual
150:, and various styles shared with
5579:
5204:different cultures and languages
4252:Thì em sẽ ngỏ tấm lòng cho xem.
3995:
3987:Xin đừng ngó ngoáy lỗ trôn tôi.
3962:Hai quân ấy chơi nhau đà đã lửa.
3549:Gió đưa trăng thì trăng đưa gió.
1873:= sharp syllable with "A" rhyme.
522:Vietnamese phonology § Tone
435:
421:
406:
25:
5164:Tu van huong nghiep 1930 - 1945
5147:New poetry movement 1930 - 1945
4961:
4952:
4941:
4915:
4906:
4893:
4880:
4867:
4855:
4843:
4822:
4801:
4784:
4767:
4750:
4737:
4716:
4703:
4694:
4685:
4676:
4651:
4642:
4633:
4624:
4615:
4606:
4597:
4588:
4579:
4566:
4553:
4536:
4527:
4518:
4509:
4500:
4491:
4474:
4465:
4295:Mỗi người một miếng trăm người,
3821:Lá vàng trước gió khẽ đưa vèo.
3817:Một chiếc thuyền câu bé tẻo teo
3620:) in Trung Bắc Tân văn (1928).
3578:Con lợn ủn ỉn mua hành cho tôi.
3551:Trăng lặn rồi gió biết đưa ai?
3486:Wind thwacks, the banyan shook.
3225:Nghe nặng từ tâm lượng đất trời
2107:Gió lướt thướt kéo mình qua cỏ
1459:= flat syllable with "A" rhyme.
226:by Nguyễn Du, exemplifying the
198:civilization. Poetic scenes of
126:originated in the form of folk
36:needs additional citations for
4456:
4447:
4438:
4429:
4420:
4417:Durand & Nguyen 1985, p 7.
4411:
4384:
4334:Classical Chinese poetry forms
4242:Mặt em phương tượng chữ điền,
4148:"up" vowel like : i, ê, e
3985:Quân tử có thương thì bóc yếm,
3885:Giấc ngủ thôi miên cả bến tàu
3877:Che vội vàng nỗi nhớ đã ra hoa
3815:Ao thu lạnh lẽo nước trong veo
3801:Lom khom dưới núi tiều vài chú
3754:abounds in Vietnamese poetry.
3713:Biển vẫn cậy mình dài rộng thế
3670:Tôi nhìn chàng, long vồn vã...
2868:Cách biệt bao ngày quê Bất Bạt
2126:Vài miếng đêm u uất lẩn trong
2088:Mà ánh sáng đều hòa cùng bóng
152:Classical Chinese poetry forms
1:
5081:, New York: Alfred A. Knopf,
4974:
4890:Nhà xuất bản Thanh Niên, 1999
3968:Hai xe hà, chàng gác hai bên,
3950:Hôm nay chỉ có nửa trăng thôi
3819:Sóng biếc theo làn hơi gợn tí
3803:Lác đác bên sông chợ mấy nhà
3533:"You'll enter Mound Temple."
3484:Wind smacks the banyan trees.
2866:Tôi từ chinh chiến cũng ra đi
1896:, 'Calling all souls' ... by
957:
291:. Under the reign of Emperor
186:
4984:; Nguyen Tran Huan (1985) ,
4903:- nhà xuất bản phụ nữ - 1987
4877:- Nhà xuất bản giáo dục 1987
4863:Phong trào thơ mới 1930-1945
4840:- Nhà xuất bản giáo dục 1987
4819:- Nhà xuất bản giáo dục 1987
4815:(1871-1907) - Tuyển tập thơ
4798:- nhà xuất bản phụ nữ - 1987
4524:Nguyen 1975, pp xx-xxi, 159.
3983:Đêm ngày lăn lóc đám cỏ hôi.
3981:Bác mẹ sinh ra phận ốc nhồi,
3952:Một nửa trăng ai cắn vỡ rồi
3840:Mái chèo nghiêng mặt sông xa
3612:by Nguyễn Văn Vĩnh, such as
3580:Con chó khóc đứng khóc ngồi.
3223:Ta về cúi mái đầu sương điểm
2145:Mây theo chim về dãy núi xa
2050:Anh nhớ em, em hỡi! Anh nhớ
1902:The song of a soldier's wife
1861:• = any syllable; ♭ = flat (
1447:• = any syllable; ♭ = flat (
279:Later Lê dynasty (1427-1788)
7:
4836:(1871-1907)- Tuyển tập thơ
4322:
4213:Yêu ai tha thiết, thiết tha
3915:Bác nồi đồng hát bùng boong
3494:Had to go fetch Dad again.
3492:Three boys with three canes
3229:Thế giới vui từ mỗi lẻ loi
2864:Em ở thành Sơn chạy giặc về
570:is applied to every vowel.
458:Contemporary (1945-present)
10:
5627:
4873:Trích trong Tuyển tập thơ
4550:- Education Publisher 1987
4462:Nguyen 1975, pp xviii-xix.
4228:
4042:Rhythm (2/2/2) - (2/2/2/2)
3905:Ông trời nổi lửa đằng đông
3668:Chàng nhìn xuân mặt hớn hở
3488:Dad thinks it was a spook.
1638:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1582:Once-rosy cheek, heav'n's
1292:
1290:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1233:
1007:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
992:
870:Gối loan tuyết đóng, chăn
515:
465:
451:Some prominent "New Poets"
181:
138:poetic structures include
5575:
5210:
5127:vi:Góc sân và khoảng trời
5077:Nguyen Ngoc Bich (1975),
5043:The Art of Chinese Poetry
5041:Liu, James J. Y. (1962),
4408:Nguyen 1975, pp xvi-xvii.
4246:Lòng em có đất, có trời,
3836:Em nghe thầy đọc bao ngày
3778:Cỏ non xanh tận chân trời
3664:Dừng tay tôi kêu chàng...
3445:
2641:Seven syllable, four line
2583:-- Chị tôi tóc xõa ngang
1519:Những điều trông thấy mà
1497:Trăm năm trong cõi người
823:(not to be confused with
642:
591:
389:Starting from the 1930s,
5023:(1996), "Introduction",
4377:
4358:Confucian scholar poets
4289:
4250:Dù khi quân tử có dùng,
4240:
4124:Rhythm (3/2/2) - (4/3/2)
4060:Rhythm (2/4) - (2/2/2/2)
4024:Rhythm (4/4) - (2/2/2/2)
3688:Người xưa không thấy tới
3686:Năm nay xuân còn trở lại
3666:Này, này! Bạn! Xuân sang
3630:Nguồn cơn thật bối rối.
3576:Con gà cục tác lá chanh.
3574:
3547:
3518:Bà vãi mới khẽ thì thào:
3514:Ông sư chống gậy lù khù,
3512:
3465:
1561:As hills for vales make
1495:
942:Người về chiếc bóng năm
926:Rừng phong thu đã nhuộm
754:
4515:Nguyen 1975, pp 117-18.
4506:Nguyen 1975, pp 112-13.
4291:Yêu nhau cau sáu bổ ba,
3911:Chị tre chải tóc bên ao
3715:Vắng cánh buồm một chút
3568:Example about animals:
2588:Đi bắt bướm vàng ngoài
2571:Xuân hồng có chàng tới
1865:) syllable; ♯ = sharp (
1535:Trời xanh quen thói má
1451:) syllable; ♯ = sharp (
921:Người lên ngựa kẻ chia
154:, such as are found in
4875:Tình bạn, tình yêu thơ
4838:Tình bạn, tình yêu thơ
4817:Tình bạn, tình yêu thơ
4548:Tình bạn, tình yêu thơ
4453:Nguyen 1975, pp 10-11.
4302:
4257:
4170:"down" vowel: u, ô, o,
4108:Rhythm (4/2) - (2/4/2)
4092:Rhythm (2/4) - (2/4/2)
3659:Vườn sau oanh giục giã
3614:La Cigale et la Fourmi
3587:
3556:
3525:
3482:
3227:Cảm ơn hoa đã vì ta nở
2577:-- Em thơ, chị đẹp em
2181:
2162:
2144:
2125:
2106:
2087:
2068:
2049:
2038:
1576:Surprised by joy with
1566:These visions dire con
1544:
1503:Chữ tài chữ mệnh khéo
941:
920:
865:Lầu Tần chiều nhạt vẻ
864:
808:), or all sharp (e.g.
526:Vowels can be simple (
504:. In this discussion,
366:
233:
228:
4700:Huỳnh 1996, pp 10-11.
4594:Phu Van 2012, p 1519.
4426:Nguyen 1975, p xviii.
4329:Censorship in Vietnam
3875:Nắng tháng tư xỏa mặt
3726:Sông chẳng đi đến đâu
3273:Eight-syllable poetry
2894:Đôi Mắt Người Sơn Tây
2635:Seven syllable poetry
2316:The converse is true
1981:scheme (though not a
1513:Trải qua một cuộc bể
792:Rhyming syllables do
516:Further information:
364:
222:The first 6 lines of
221:
4444:Nguyen 1975, pp 4-5.
4282:Rhyming math puzzles
4076:Rhythm (2/4) - (4/4)
3883:Nhà ai quên khép cửa
3729:nếu không đưa em đến
3695:which later becomes
3642:'s Tiếng thu (1939)
3616:(from the fables of
3604:Free poetry movement
3490:Dad runs, Dad flees.
3473:Thầy vùng thầy chạy.
2507:Mà cô giáo dạy phải
2428:Five-syllable poetry
2215:Four syllable poetry
1999:, analogous to the "
240:(though read in the
45:improve this article
5120:Chinh Phụ Ngâm Khúc
4923:"Nguyen Vinh Trang"
4639:Huỳnh 1996, pp 6-7.
4585:Echols 1974, p 892.
4533:Nguyen 1975, p xxi.
4368:Bà Huyện Thanh Quan
3889:Such lines contain
3797:is trying to show,
3795:Bà Huyện Thanh Quan
3787:Bà Huyện Thanh Quan
3628:Đến kỳ gió bấc thổi
3618:Jean de La Fontaine
2512:Quê hương là gì hở
2502:Quê hương là gì hở
2479:Six syllable poetry
1879:In contrast to the
1551:Sees genius aye in
947:Kẻ đi muôn dặm một
749:Vietnamese alphabet
391:Vietnamese alphabet
351:Vietnamese alphabet
324:Alexandre de Rhodes
320:Vietnamese alphabet
60:"Vietnamese poetry"
4982:Durand, Maurice M.
4663:honguyenvietnam.vn
4544:Cung Oán Ngâm Khúc
4497:Nguyen 1975, p 88.
4471:Nguyen 1975, p 69.
4435:Nguyen 1975, p 39.
4390:Nguyen 1975, p xv.
3789:, uses Vietnamese
3733:Dù sóng đã làm anh
3661:Nhìn ra hoa đua nở
3469:Gió đánh, cành đa.
2639:The influence of
2517:Ai đi xa cũng nhớ
2009:(analogous to the
1971:intermittent rhyme
566:), and one of six
445:(Nguyễn Trọng Trí)
367:
234:
208:Chinese ambassador
5606:Poetry by country
5593:
5592:
5586:Poetry portal
5131:vi:Trần Đăng Khoa
5106:978-0-691-13334-8
4861:Trích trong bài
4734:Huỳnh 1996, p 12.
4722:Huỳnh 1996, p 14.
4691:Huỳnh 1996, p 11.
4659:"Nguyễn Hy Quang"
4399:Nguyen 1975, p 3.
4316:
4315:
4275:
4274:
3831:Nghe thầy đọc thơ
3825:Or most recently
3673:Rồi ngày lại ngày
3652:Trong gian nhà cỏ
3601:
3600:
3566:
3565:
3539:
3538:
3500:
3499:
3453:Classic of Poetry
3438:
3437:
3357:
3356:
3218:
3217:
3064:
3063:
2860:Or more recently
2801:
2800:
2388:
2387:
2291:
2290:
2198:
2197:
1944:Other verse forms
1931:. Alternatively,
1921:song thất lục bát
1852:
1851:
1602:Song thất lục bát
1595:Song thất lục bát
1592:
1591:
1438:
1437:
1191:
1190:
735:
734:
328:Francisco de Pina
213:Văn Hiến Chi Bang
147:Song thất lục bát
124:Vietnamese poetry
121:
120:
113:
95:
5618:
5611:Vietnamese poems
5584:
5583:
5193:
5186:
5179:
5170:
5169:
5152:GardenDigest.com
5109:
5091:
5073:
5055:
5037:
5021:Huỳnh Sanh Thông
5016:
4998:
4968:
4965:
4959:
4956:
4950:
4945:
4939:
4938:
4936:
4934:
4929:on March 4, 2016
4925:. Archived from
4919:
4913:
4910:
4904:
4897:
4891:
4884:
4878:
4871:
4865:
4859:
4853:
4847:
4841:
4826:
4820:
4805:
4799:
4790:Trích trong bài
4788:
4782:
4773:Trích trong bài
4771:
4765:
4756:Trích trong bài
4754:
4748:
4741:
4735:
4732:
4723:
4720:
4714:
4707:
4701:
4698:
4692:
4689:
4683:
4682:Huỳnh 1996, p 9.
4680:
4674:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4655:
4649:
4648:Huỳnh 1996, p 3.
4646:
4640:
4637:
4631:
4628:
4622:
4619:
4613:
4610:
4604:
4603:Huỳnh 1996, p 7.
4601:
4595:
4592:
4586:
4583:
4577:
4576:, lines 1523-24.
4570:
4564:
4563:, lines 1519-20.
4557:
4551:
4540:
4534:
4531:
4525:
4522:
4516:
4513:
4507:
4504:
4498:
4495:
4489:
4478:
4472:
4469:
4463:
4460:
4454:
4451:
4445:
4442:
4436:
4433:
4427:
4424:
4418:
4415:
4409:
4406:
4400:
4397:
4391:
4388:
4286:
4237:
3899:Buổi sáng nhà em
3862:Bão đi thong thả
3860:Như đoàn tàu hỏa
3767:The Tale of Kiều
3746:Poetical devices
3741:
3737:
3730:
3719:
3711:Mặt trời cũng lẻ
3650:Nơi vùng giác mộ
3624:Ve sầu kêu ve ve
3571:
3544:
3509:
3477:Đi đón thầy về.
3475:Ba thằng ba gậy.
3471:Thầy nghĩ là ma,
3467:Gió đập cành đa,
3462:
3368:
3367:
3287:
3286:
3128:
3127:
2922:
2921:
2659:
2658:
2417:Bão đi thong thả
2321:
2320:
2224:
2223:
2188:
2169:
2150:
2132:
2113:
2094:
2075:
2056:
2041:
2034:
2033:
1894:Nguyễn Gia Thiều
1612:
1611:
1529:Lạ gì bỉ sắc tư
1492:
1486:The Tale of Kiều
1267:
1266:
990:
989:
953:
932:
876:
731:
730:
729:
727:
710:
709:
708:
706:
689:
688:
687:
685:
668:
667:
666:
664:
638:
637:
636:
634:
617:
616:
615:
613:
604:a (no diacritic)
575:
574:
512:Vowels and tones
439:
425:
410:
289:Later Lê dynasty
231:
224:The Tale of Kiều
116:
109:
105:
102:
96:
94:
53:
29:
21:
5626:
5625:
5621:
5620:
5619:
5617:
5616:
5615:
5596:
5595:
5594:
5589:
5578:
5571:
5206:
5197:
5141:vi:Vũ Ngọc Phan
5116:
5107:
5089:
5071:
5053:
5035:
5014:
4996:
4977:
4972:
4971:
4966:
4962:
4957:
4953:
4946:
4942:
4932:
4930:
4921:
4920:
4916:
4911:
4907:
4898:
4894:
4885:
4881:
4872:
4868:
4860:
4856:
4848:
4844:
4827:
4823:
4806:
4802:
4789:
4785:
4772:
4768:
4755:
4751:
4742:
4738:
4733:
4726:
4721:
4717:
4708:
4704:
4699:
4695:
4690:
4686:
4681:
4677:
4667:
4665:
4657:
4656:
4652:
4647:
4643:
4638:
4634:
4630:Liu 1962, p 29.
4629:
4625:
4621:Liu 1962, p 26.
4620:
4616:
4612:Liu 1962, p 27.
4611:
4607:
4602:
4598:
4593:
4589:
4584:
4580:
4571:
4567:
4558:
4554:
4542:extracted from
4541:
4537:
4532:
4528:
4523:
4519:
4514:
4510:
4505:
4501:
4496:
4492:
4479:
4475:
4470:
4466:
4461:
4457:
4452:
4448:
4443:
4439:
4434:
4430:
4425:
4421:
4416:
4412:
4407:
4403:
4398:
4394:
4389:
4385:
4380:
4325:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4292:
4284:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4262:
4260:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4231:
4226:
4217:
4214:
4206:
4203:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4189:
4135:
4132:
4119:
4116:
4103:
4100:
4087:
4084:
4071:
4068:
4055:
4052:
4037:
4034:
4014:
4011:
3998:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3972:
3969:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3954:
3951:
3937:
3934:
3919:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3910:
3908:
3906:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3880:
3878:
3876:
3866:
3864:Như con bò gầy
3863:
3861:
3859:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3805:
3802:
3782:
3779:
3748:
3743:
3739:
3738:
3735:
3734:
3732:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3701:Thơ viết ở biển
3693:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3606:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3562:
3559:
3553:
3550:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3528:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3515:
3503:husbands, etc.
3496:
3493:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3448:
3409:Syllable number
3328:Syllable number
3275:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3224:
3192:Syllable number
3121:
3107:
3094:
3081:
3038:Syllable number
2872:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2858:
2844:
2831:
2818:
2775:Syllable number
2637:
2593:
2587:
2582:
2576:
2522:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2481:
2476:
2465:
2455:
2445:
2430:
2425:
2418:
2411:
2401:
2371:Syllable number
2314:
2304:
2217:
1957:alternate rhyme
1946:
1731:
1597:
1588:
1581:
1575:
1565:
1560:
1550:
1541:
1534:
1528:
1518:
1512:
1502:
1236:
969:regulated verse
965:
963:Regulated verse
960:
955:
946:
934:
925:
878:
869:
757:
725:
722:
721:
704:
701:
700:
683:
680:
679:
662:
659:
658:
644:
632:
629:
628:
611:
608:
607:
593:
550:) or compound (
524:
514:
468:
460:
455:
454:
453:
452:
448:
447:
446:
440:
432:
431:
426:
418:
417:
411:
387:
359:
281:
242:Sino-Vietnamese
189:
184:
117:
106:
100:
97:
54:
52:
42:
30:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5624:
5614:
5613:
5608:
5591:
5590:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5554:
5549:
5544:
5539:
5534:
5529:
5524:
5519:
5514:
5509:
5504:
5503:
5502:
5497:
5489:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5424:
5419:
5414:
5409:
5404:
5402:Latin American
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5369:
5364:
5359:
5354:
5349:
5344:
5339:
5334:
5329:
5324:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5293:
5292:
5282:
5277:
5272:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5217:
5211:
5208:
5207:
5196:
5195:
5188:
5181:
5173:
5167:
5166:
5161:
5155:
5149:
5144:
5134:
5123:
5115:
5114:External links
5112:
5111:
5110:
5105:
5092:
5087:
5074:
5069:
5056:
5051:
5038:
5033:
5017:
5012:
4999:
4994:
4976:
4973:
4970:
4969:
4960:
4951:
4940:
4914:
4905:
4892:
4879:
4866:
4854:
4842:
4821:
4800:
4783:
4779:Trần Đăng Khoa
4775:Tiếng võng kêu
4766:
4762:Trần Đăng Khoa
4749:
4745:Tương tư chiều
4736:
4724:
4715:
4702:
4693:
4684:
4675:
4650:
4641:
4632:
4623:
4614:
4605:
4596:
4587:
4578:
4565:
4552:
4535:
4526:
4517:
4508:
4499:
4490:
4473:
4464:
4455:
4446:
4437:
4428:
4419:
4410:
4401:
4392:
4382:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4374:
4356:
4354:Chinh phụ ngâm
4351:
4346:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4324:
4321:
4314:
4313:
4300:
4283:
4280:
4273:
4272:
4255:
4230:
4227:
4225:
4224:Poetic riddles
4222:
4211:
4200:
4186:
4179:
4178:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4171:
4160:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4156:
4155:
4152:
4149:
4141:
4140:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4126:
4125:
4113:
4112:
4111:
4110:
4109:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4094:
4093:
4081:
4080:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4049:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4043:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4025:
4019:
4018:
4008:
4007:
4006:
3997:
3994:
3979:
3958:
3948:
3931:
3903:
3873:
3856:
3834:
3827:Trần Đăng Khoa
3813:
3799:
3776:
3747:
3744:
3705:
3679:Ba gian: trống
3657:Chàng ngâm thơ
3648:Chàng cùng tôi
3644:
3622:
3605:
3602:
3599:
3598:
3585:
3564:
3563:
3554:
3537:
3536:
3523:
3498:
3497:
3480:
3447:
3444:
3440:
3439:
3436:
3435:
3432:
3429:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3417:
3414:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3401:
3399:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3379:
3378:
3373:
3364:
3363:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3354:
3351:
3348:
3345:
3342:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3330:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3303:
3298:
3297:
3292:
3283:
3282:
3274:
3271:
3270:
3269:
3268:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3261:
3260:
3259:
3258:
3257:
3256:
3255:
3221:
3220:
3219:
3216:
3215:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3203:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3188:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3067:
3066:
3065:
3062:
3061:
3058:
3055:
3052:
3049:
3046:
3043:
3040:
3034:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3025:
3022:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3009:
3008:
3005:
3002:
3000:
2997:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2984:
2983:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2918:
2917:
2915:
2911:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2907:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2903:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2896:
2862:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2771:
2770:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2707:
2704:
2702:
2696:
2695:
2692:
2689:
2687:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2636:
2633:
2632:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2625:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2621:
2620:
2619:
2618:
2617:
2569:
2568:
2567:
2565:
2561:
2560:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2556:
2555:
2554:
2553:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2547:
2546:
2500:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2480:
2477:
2434:
2429:
2426:
2415:
2391:
2390:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2382:
2379:
2376:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2350:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2270:
2269:
2266:
2264:
2261:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2216:
2213:
2204:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2194:(sharp rhyme)
2189:
2177:
2176:
2175:(sharp rhyme)
2170:
2158:
2157:
2151:
2140:
2139:
2133:
2121:
2120:
2119:(sharp rhyme)
2114:
2102:
2101:
2100:(sharp rhyme)
2095:
2083:
2082:
2076:
2064:
2063:
2057:
2045:
2044:
2042:
2026:
2025:
2022:Tương Tư Chiều
2014:
2004:
1997:envelope rhyme
1990:
1964:
1961:Common measure
1945:
1942:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1843:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1790:
1784:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1733:
1732:
1728:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1675:
1672:
1669:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1640:
1639:
1637:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1589:
1542:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1465:
1460:
1442:
1441:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1420:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1404:
1403:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1381:
1380:
1374:
1371:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1349:
1348:
1342:
1339:
1336:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1247:par excellence
1235:
1232:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1195:
1194:
1193:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1139:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1091:
1090:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1016:
1015:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
964:
961:
959:
956:
938:
917:
861:
756:
753:
737:
736:
733:
732:
719:
716:
712:
711:
698:
695:
691:
690:
677:
674:
670:
669:
656:
653:
650:
640:
639:
626:
623:
619:
618:
605:
602:
599:
589:
588:
585:
582:
579:
513:
510:
467:
464:
459:
456:
450:
449:
441:
434:
433:
427:
420:
419:
412:
405:
404:
403:
402:
401:
386:
383:
358:
355:
283:Literature in
280:
277:
188:
185:
183:
180:
119:
118:
33:
31:
24:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5623:
5612:
5609:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5588:
5587:
5582:
5574:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5558:
5555:
5553:
5550:
5548:
5545:
5543:
5540:
5538:
5535:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5525:
5523:
5520:
5518:
5515:
5513:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5501:
5498:
5496:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5488:
5485:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5415:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5405:
5403:
5400:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5368:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5355:
5353:
5350:
5348:
5345:
5343:
5340:
5338:
5335:
5333:
5330:
5328:
5325:
5323:
5320:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5286:
5283:
5281:
5278:
5276:
5273:
5271:
5268:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5236:
5233:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5216:
5213:
5212:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5194:
5189:
5187:
5182:
5180:
5175:
5174:
5171:
5165:
5162:
5159:
5156:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5142:
5138:
5135:
5132:
5128:
5124:
5121:
5118:
5117:
5108:
5102:
5098:
5093:
5090:
5088:0-394-49472-5
5084:
5080:
5075:
5072:
5070:1-56731-152-0
5066:
5062:
5057:
5054:
5052:0-226-48687-7
5048:
5044:
5039:
5036:
5034:0-300-06410-1
5030:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5015:
5013:0-691-01317-9
5009:
5005:
5000:
4997:
4995:0-231-05852-7
4991:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4978:
4964:
4955:
4949:
4944:
4928:
4924:
4918:
4909:
4902:
4896:
4889:
4883:
4876:
4870:
4864:
4858:
4852:
4846:
4839:
4835:
4834:Trần Tế Xương
4831:
4825:
4818:
4814:
4813:Trần Tế Xương
4810:
4804:
4797:
4793:
4787:
4780:
4776:
4770:
4763:
4759:
4753:
4746:
4740:
4731:
4729:
4719:
4712:
4706:
4697:
4688:
4679:
4664:
4660:
4654:
4645:
4636:
4627:
4618:
4609:
4600:
4591:
4582:
4575:
4569:
4562:
4556:
4549:
4545:
4539:
4530:
4521:
4512:
4503:
4494:
4487:
4483:
4477:
4468:
4459:
4450:
4441:
4432:
4423:
4414:
4405:
4396:
4387:
4383:
4373:
4372:Hồ Xuân Hương
4369:
4365:
4364:Nguyễn Khuyến
4361:
4360:Trần Tế Xương
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4326:
4320:
4311:
4301:
4298:
4288:
4287:
4279:
4270:
4256:
4253:
4239:
4238:
4235:
4221:
4216:
4210:
4205:
4199:
4195:
4185:
4182:
4172:
4169:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4163:
4153:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4137:
4136:
4134:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4118:
4107:
4106:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4059:
4058:
4057:
4056:
4054:
4044:
4041:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4026:
4023:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3996:Điệu (rhythm)
3993:
3988:
3978:
3977:
3971:
3957:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3945:Một Nửa Trăng
3942:
3936:
3930:
3928:
3924:
3918:
3902:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3886:
3872:
3871:
3865:
3858:Bão đến ầm ầm
3855:
3853:
3849:
3843:
3833:
3832:
3828:
3822:
3812:
3810:
3809:Nguyễn Khuyến
3804:
3798:
3796:
3792:
3791:reduplication
3788:
3781:
3775:
3774:(1765–1820):
3773:
3769:
3768:
3763:
3762:national epic
3759:
3755:
3753:
3742:
3709:Trăng cũng lẻ
3704:
3702:
3698:
3692:
3684:Chàng cũng đi
3677:Lá cành: rụng
3675:Sắc màu: phai
3643:
3641:
3635:
3631:
3621:
3619:
3615:
3611:
3596:
3586:
3583:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3561:
3555:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3542:
3534:
3524:
3521:
3511:
3510:
3507:
3504:
3495:
3481:
3478:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3454:
3443:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3421:
3418:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3406:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3377:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3352:
3349:
3346:
3343:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3280:
3279:
3278:
3254:
3250:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3213:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3201:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3169:
3166:
3165:
3162:
3159:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3125:
3124:
3120:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3106:
3102:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3076:
3072:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3010:
3006:
3003:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2932:
2927:
2924:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2895:
2891:
2888:
2887:
2886:
2885:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2879:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2875:
2874:
2873:
2871:
2861:
2857:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2776:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:
2755:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2672:
2669:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2649:
2648:
2646:
2642:
2616:
2612:
2609:
2608:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2599:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2591:
2586:
2580:
2574:
2566:
2563:
2562:
2545:
2541:
2540:Đỗ Trung Quân
2538:
2537:
2536:
2535:
2534:
2533:
2532:
2531:
2530:
2529:
2528:
2527:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2523:
2521:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2475:
2473:
2469:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2449:
2443:
2439:
2433:
2424:
2422:
2414:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2396:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2364:
2362:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2334:
2331:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2308:
2303:
2299:
2286:
2283:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2254:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2234:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2220:
2212:
2209:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2160:
2159:
2156:(flat rhyme)
2155:
2152:
2149:
2148:
2142:
2141:
2138:(flat rhyme)
2137:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2110:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2085:
2084:
2081:(flat rhyme)
2080:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2062:(flat rhyme)
2061:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2047:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1949:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1909:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1886:
1883:couplet, the
1882:
1872:
1869:) syllable; ♯
1868:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1848:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1807:
1804:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1763:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1751:
1747:
1744:
1741:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1726:
1722:
1719:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1636:
1613:
1610:
1609:
1608:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1603:
1587:
1585:
1579:
1573:
1569:
1564:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1546:A century of
1543:
1540:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1487:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1472:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:) syllable; ♭
1454:
1450:
1446:
1445:
1444:
1443:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1350:
1347:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1295:
1288:
1268:
1265:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1244:
1243:
1231:
1229:
1223:
1221:
1217:
1212:
1203:
1199:
1198:
1197:
1196:
1187:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1010:
991:
988:
987:
986:
985:
984:
980:
978:
974:
970:
954:
952:
950:
945:
937:
933:
931:
929:
924:
916:
914:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
877:
875:
873:
868:
860:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
817:
815:
811:
807:
803:
799:
795:
790:
788:
785:
781:
777:
773:
768:
766:
762:
752:
750:
746:
742:
728:
720:
717:
714:
713:
707:
699:
696:
693:
692:
686:
678:
675:
672:
671:
665:
657:
654:
651:
648:
641:
635:
627:
624:
621:
620:
614:
606:
603:
600:
597:
590:
586:
583:
580:
577:
576:
573:
572:
571:
569:
565:
561:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
523:
519:
509:
507:
503:
499:
494:
491:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
463:
444:
438:
430:
424:
415:
409:
400:
398:
397:
392:
382:
380:
379:Hồ Xuân Hương
376:
372:
363:
354:
352:
348:
344:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
312:
310:
306:
301:
298:
295:(1460-1497),
294:
293:Lê Thánh Tông
290:
286:
276:
274:
270:
266:
261:
257:
255:
254:
249:
248:
243:
239:
230:
225:
220:
216:
214:
209:
204:
201:
197:
194:
179:
176:
171:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
148:
143:
142:
137:
133:
129:
125:
115:
112:
104:
93:
90:
86:
83:
79:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62: –
61:
57:
56:Find sources:
50:
46:
40:
39:
34:This article
32:
28:
23:
22:
19:
5577:
5561:
5517:Serbian epic
5125:Poetry book
5096:
5078:
5060:
5042:
5024:
5003:
4985:
4963:
4954:
4943:
4933:September 2,
4931:. Retrieved
4927:the original
4917:
4908:
4900:
4895:
4887:
4882:
4874:
4869:
4857:
4849:Trích trong
4845:
4837:
4829:
4824:
4816:
4808:
4803:
4795:
4791:
4786:
4774:
4769:
4757:
4752:
4747:, lines 1-9.
4744:
4739:
4718:
4713:, lines 1-6.
4710:
4705:
4696:
4687:
4678:
4666:. Retrieved
4662:
4653:
4644:
4635:
4626:
4617:
4608:
4599:
4590:
4581:
4573:
4568:
4560:
4555:
4547:
4543:
4538:
4529:
4520:
4511:
4502:
4493:
4485:
4481:
4476:
4467:
4458:
4449:
4440:
4431:
4422:
4413:
4404:
4395:
4386:
4349:Tale of Kiều
4317:
4303:
4290:
4276:
4258:
4241:
4232:
4218:
4212:
4207:
4201:
4197:
4187:
4183:
4180:
4161:
4130:
4114:
4098:
4082:
4066:
4050:
4032:
4009:
3999:
3990:
3980:
3975:
3973:
3959:
3955:
3949:
3944:
3938:
3932:
3927:Con đường ấy
3926:
3920:
3904:
3898:
3888:
3874:
3869:
3867:
3857:
3851:
3845:
3835:
3830:
3824:
3814:
3806:
3800:
3783:
3777:
3765:
3756:
3749:
3706:
3694:
3645:
3640:Lưu Trọng Lư
3636:
3633:
3623:
3613:
3607:
3588:
3575:
3567:
3557:
3548:
3540:
3526:
3513:
3505:
3501:
3483:
3466:
3457:
3449:
3441:
3408:
3382:
3375:
3371:
3327:
3301:
3294:
3290:
3276:
3252:
3248:
3222:
3191:
3167:
3143:
3136:
3131:
3122:
3117:
3113:
3109:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3078:
3074:
3070:
3068:
3037:
3012:
2987:
2962:
2937:
2930:
2925:
2893:
2889:
2863:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2828:
2824:
2820:
2815:
2811:
2807:
2805:
2774:
2749:
2724:
2699:
2674:
2667:
2662:
2640:
2638:
2614:
2610:
2589:
2584:
2578:
2572:
2570:
2543:
2539:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2501:
2488:
2484:
2482:
2471:
2467:
2461:
2457:
2451:
2447:
2441:
2437:
2435:
2431:
2420:
2416:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2398:
2394:
2392:
2370:
2353:
2336:
2329:
2324:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2297:
2295:
2273:
2256:
2239:
2232:
2227:
2218:
2208:serial rhyme
2207:
2205:
2191:
2183:
2172:
2164:
2153:
2146:
2135:
2127:
2116:
2108:
2097:
2089:
2078:
2070:
2059:
2051:
2021:
2006:
1996:
1992:
1986:
1983:rhyme scheme
1982:
1978:
1970:
1966:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1910:
1906:Phan Huy Ích
1884:
1880:
1878:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1846:
1837:
1812:
1787:
1778:
1758:
1749:
1724:
1715:
1690:
1665:
1656:
1634:
1600:
1598:
1583:
1577:
1571:
1567:
1562:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1545:
1536:
1530:
1524:
1520:
1514:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1496:
1484:
1482:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1462:
1456:
1452:
1448:
1432:
1423:
1400:
1377:
1368:
1345:
1322:
1313:
1286:
1257:
1250:
1246:
1240:
1239:folk verse.
1237:
1224:
1213:
1209:
1201:
1185:
1136:
1087:
1038:
1012:
981:
977:Tang dynasty
966:
948:
943:
939:
935:
927:
922:
918:
912:
908:
904:
900:
899:) or sharp (
896:
892:
888:
884:
880:
879:
871:
866:
862:
856:
852:
848:
844:
843:) or sharp (
840:
836:
832:
828:
820:
818:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
791:
786:
783:
779:
775:
771:
769:
764:
760:
758:
740:
738:
646:
595:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
525:
505:
501:
497:
495:
492:
487:
483:
479:
475:
471:
469:
461:
394:
388:
371:Tale of Kiều
370:
368:
313:
308:
304:
302:
296:
284:
282:
269:Trần dynasty
262:
258:
251:
245:
235:
223:
212:
205:
190:
175:Tang dynasty
172:
167:
163:
145:
139:
123:
122:
107:
98:
88:
81:
74:
67:
55:
43:Please help
38:verification
35:
18:
5437:Old English
5432:New Zealand
5352:Indian epic
5327:Guernésiais
5230:Anglo-Welsh
4901:Mưa đèn cây
4886:Nguyễn Du,
4796:Mưa đèn cây
4743:Xuân Diệu:
4711:Truyện Kiều
4709:Nguyễn Du:
4574:Truyện Kiều
4572:Nguyễn Du:
4561:Truyện Kiều
4559:Nguyễn Du:
4339:Tang poetry
3848:personified
3736:Nghiêng ngả
3655:Tôi quay tơ
3646:Năm vừa rồi
3626:Suốt mùa hè
3249:Tô Thùy Yên
3132:Line number
2926:Line number
2914:Sharp rhyme
2663:Line number
2645:Tang poetry
2325:Line number
2274:Word number
2228:Line number
2001:In Memoriam
1539:đánh ghen.
322:. In 1651,
273:Kublai Khan
200:sun worship
168:free poetry
156:Tang poetry
5600:Categories
5562:Vietnamese
5482:Rajasthani
5472:Portuguese
5245:Australian
4975:References
4828:Trích bài
4807:Trích bài
4792:Chùa Hương
3941:Hàn Mặc Tử
3870:Góc Hà Nội
3699:trong bài
3079:chúc nhau:
2890:Quang Dũng
2842:quãng vắng
2651:Flat rhyme
2611:Huyền Kiêu
2206:A poem in
1979:tone class
958:Verse form
881:Poor rhyme
825:Rime riche
821:Rich rhyme
765:back rhyme
761:tone class
578:Tone Class
443:Hàn Mặc Tử
343:dictionary
336:Portuguese
332:Vietnamese
316:Đàng Trong
265:Lý dynasty
196:Bronze-age
187:Beginnings
164:new poetry
136:Vietnamese
71:newspapers
5495:Classical
5491:Sanskrit
5452:Pakistani
5442:Old Norse
5422:Malayalam
5290:Cantonese
5275:Byzantine
5270:Bulgarian
4809:Thương vợ
3923:Nguyễn Mỹ
3891:metaphors
3772:Nguyễn Du
3752:Word play
3718:đã cô đơn
3707:Anh xa em
3697:Hữu Thỉnh
3691:Xuân về.
2829:một chồng
2544:Quê Hương
2018:Xuân Diệu
1933:song thất
1913:song thất
1898:Nguyễn Du
1892:' ... by
1885:song thất
1586:is paid.
1216:tuyệt câu
975:) of the
784:identical
776:different
584:Diacritic
476:character
429:Xuân Diệu
375:Nguyễn Du
101:June 2010
5507:Scottish
5387:Kashmiri
5377:Jèrriais
5372:Javanese
5367:Japanese
5332:Gujarati
5307:Estonian
5280:Canadian
5255:Biblical
5240:Assamese
5225:American
5220:Albanian
5158:Evan.com
4899:Tập thơ
4830:Chúc Tết
4668:April 6,
4323:See also
3118:giã trầu
3105:buôn cối
2816:mom sông
2615:Tình sầu
2495:Vần chéo
2485:vần chéo
2011:Rubaiyat
1220:bài luật
973:luật thi
930:quan san
874:giá đông
778:initial
663:tumbling
652:tumbling
506:syllable
474:and the
193:Đông Sơn
160:quatrain
132:proverbs
5552:Turkish
5532:Spanish
5512:Serbian
5487:Russian
5477:Punjabi
5462:Persian
5447:Ottoman
5417:Marathi
5382:Kannada
5362:Italian
5312:Finnish
5302:English
5297:Cornish
5285:Chinese
5265:Bosnian
5260:British
5250:Bengali
4758:Mặt bão
4488:rhymed.
4229:Riddles
3976:Ốc nhồi
3895:similes
3852:Mặt bão
3758:Imagery
3682:Xuân đi
3092:đầu râu
2855:đò đông
2423:bò gầy
2013:stanza)
1975:Ballads
1937:lục bát
1929:lục bát
1925:lục bát
1917:lục bát
1904:' ...
1900:, and '
1881:lục bát
1476:Lục bát
1258:lục bát
1252:Lục bát
1242:Lục bát
1234:Lục bát
747:to the
745:chữ Nôm
633:hanging
622:hanging
587:Listen
466:Prosody
396:Thơ mới
305:chữ Nôm
297:chữ Nôm
285:Chữ Nôm
247:chữ Nôm
238:chữ Hán
229:chữ Nôm
182:History
141:Lục bát
85:scholar
5542:Telugu
5527:Slovak
5522:Sindhi
5467:Polish
5457:Pashto
5427:Nepali
5407:Latino
5392:Korean
5347:Indian
5342:Hebrew
5317:French
5235:Arabic
5215:Afghan
5200:Poetry
5103:
5085:
5067:
5049:
5031:
5010:
4992:
4777:- Thơ
4760:- Thơ
3974:Or in
3868:Or in
3764:poem,
3610:French
3446:Ca dao
3108:Thiên
2806:Quanh
2564:Vần ôm
2489:vần ôm
2474:gương
1553:strife
1228:cổ thi
951:xa xôi
841:trường
829:Phương
684:asking
673:asking
560:chuyên
520:, and
484:length
480:stress
414:Tản Đà
128:poetry
87:
80:
73:
66:
58:
5567:Welsh
5537:Tamil
5500:Vedic
5397:Latin
5357:Irish
5337:Hindi
5322:Greek
4378:Notes
3740:Vì em
3376:Rhyme
3295:Rhyme
3253:Ta về
3137:Rhyme
3114:nhiêu
3101:quyết
3095:Phen
3086:trăm
3082:Chúc
3069:Lẳng
2931:Rhyme
2853:buổi
2836:thân
2819:Nuôi
2810:buôn
2668:Rhyme
2519:nhiều
2456:Cùng
2454:sương
2444:Hương
2406:võng
2404:tiếng
2395:ngoài
2393:Chim
2330:Rhyme
2233:Rhyme
1985:) of
1555:with
1531:phong
1507:ghét
909:quyện
897:hoành
893:huỳnh
889:khanh
845:Thánh
837:cường
833:sương
755:Rhyme
741:eight
726:heavy
715:heavy
705:sharp
694:sharp
643:Sharp
612:level
601:level
568:tones
564:xuyên
556:chiêm
472:count
340:Latin
92:JSTOR
78:books
5557:Urdu
5547:Thai
5412:Manx
5101:ISBN
5083:ISBN
5065:ISBN
5047:ISBN
5029:ISBN
5008:ISBN
4990:ISBN
4935:2015
4888:Kiều
4670:2023
4486:were
3893:and
3116:đứa
3112:bao
3099:ông
3090:bạc
3088:tuổi
3084:nhau
3075:nghe
3071:lặng
2851:nước
2849:mặt
2840:khi
2832:Lặn
2827:với
2823:năm
2470:đầu
2458:thầy
2446:Hoa
2442:chùa
2436:Hôm
2419:Như
2397:cửa
2309:tàu
2307:đoàn
2305:Như
2296:Bão
2147:xanh
2128:cành
2007:AAxA
1993:ABBA
1987:ABAB
1967:xAxA
1953:ABAB
1911:The
1867:trắc
1863:bằng
1584:toll
1578:dole
1572:soul
1570:the
1568:sume
1563:room
1557:doom
1548:life
1537:hồng
1525:lòng
1523:đớn
1509:nhau
1453:trắc
1449:bằng
1002:D /
996:L /
949:mình
944:canh
885:Minh
853:lãnh
849:cảnh
782:and
647:trắc
596:bằng
592:Flat
581:Tone
552:biên
502:word
498:word
488:tone
166:and
130:and
64:news
5202:of
5139:by
5129:by
4482:not
3943:in
3939:Or
3925:in
3909:...
3879:...
3854:":
3829:in
3807:Or
3770:by
3103:đi
3097:này
3077:nó
3073:mà
2847:sèo
2845:Eo
2834:lội
2825:con
2812:bán
2808:năm
2643:in
2590:nội
2585:đầu
2579:đâu
2573:hỏi
2509:yêu
2487:or
2472:soi
2468:vấn
2466:Em
2464:dậy
2460:me
2452:hơi
2450:mờ
2440:đi
2438:nay
2421:con
2408:kêu
2402:Mổ
2311:hỏa
2300:ầm
2298:đến
2109:rối
2090:tối
2020:'s
1908:".
1521:đau
1515:dâu
1230:).
1222:).
1175:D /
1169:L /
1152:L /
1146:D /
1126:L /
1120:D /
1103:D /
1097:L /
1077:D /
1071:L /
1054:L /
1048:D /
1028:L /
1022:D /
928:màu
923:bào
913:hển
905:lẽn
901:Mến
867:thu
859:).
857:ánh
814:cấy
810:đấy
806:sầu
802:màu
798:dâu
794:not
772:CVC
536:cha
373:by
309:phú
307:in
253:Nôm
47:by
5602::
4832:-
4811:-
4727:^
4661:.
4370:,
4366:,
4362:,
4344:Vè
3929::
3901::
3811::
3703::
3434:8
3403:B
3353:8
3322:T
3251:-
3214:7
3110:hạ
3060:7
3032:B
3007:T
2982:B
2957:B
2892:-
2838:cò
2821:đủ
2814:ở
2797:7
2769:B
2744:T
2719:B
2694:B
2613:-
2542:-
2514:mẹ
2504:mẹ
2491::
2462:em
2448:cỏ
2399:sổ
2384:4
2365:B
2348:T
2302:ầm
2287:4
2268:T
2251:B
2184:lệ
2165:lẽ
2071:êm
2052:em
2024:):
1630:•
1627:♭
1624:•
1621:♯
1618:•
1615:•
1505:là
1499:ta
1282:•
1279:♯
1276:•
1273:♭
1270:•
1161:D
1112:D
1063:D
1008:L
1005:D
999:D
993:L
915:)
911:,
907:,
903:,
895:,
891:,
887:,
872:cù
855:,
851:,
847:,
839:,
835:,
831:,
812:,
804:,
800:,
787:VC
562:,
558:,
554:,
548:ta
546:,
544:lá
542:,
540:đá
538:,
534:,
532:ca
530:,
170:.
144:,
134:.
5192:e
5185:t
5178:v
4937:.
4672:.
3431:7
3428:6
3425:5
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3416:2
3413:1
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3395:T
3390:B
3350:7
3347:6
3344:5
3341:4
3338:3
3335:2
3332:1
3317:B
3314:B
3309:T
3211:6
3208:5
3205:4
3202:3
3199:2
3196:1
3184:T
3179:B
3174:T
3168:2
3160:B
3155:T
3150:B
3144:1
3057:6
3054:5
3051:4
3048:3
3045:2
3042:1
3029:T
3024:B
3019:T
3013:4
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2999:T
2994:B
2988:3
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2974:T
2969:B
2963:2
2954:T
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2938:1
2794:6
2791:5
2788:4
2785:3
2782:2
2779:1
2766:B
2761:T
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2750:4
2741:T
2736:B
2731:T
2725:3
2716:T
2711:B
2706:T
2700:2
2691:B
2686:T
2681:B
2675:1
2581:?
2575::
2381:3
2378:2
2375:1
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2257:2
2246:T
2240:1
2192:D
2186:.
2173:D
2167:.
2154:C
2136:C
2130:;
2117:B
2111:;
2098:B
2092:.
2079:A
2073:,
2060:A
2054:.
1995:(
1989:.
1969:(
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1955:(
1871:A
1847:F
1845:♭
1842:•
1838:E
1836:♭
1833:•
1830:♯
1827:•
1824:♭
1821:•
1813:E
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1754:•
1750:C
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1739:•
1736:•
1725:C
1723:♭
1720:•
1716:B
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1711:•
1708:♯
1705:•
1702:♭
1699:•
1691:B
1689:♭
1686:•
1683:♯
1680:•
1677:♭
1674:•
1666:B
1664:♭
1661:•
1657:A
1655:♯
1652:•
1649:♭
1646:•
1643:•
1635:A
1633:♯
1580:?
1574:.
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1533:,
1527:.
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1501:,
1457:A
1433:D
1431:♭
1428:•
1424:C
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1413:•
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1407:•
1401:C
1399:♭
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1393:♯
1390:•
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1384:•
1378:C
1376:♭
1373:•
1369:B
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1364:•
1361:♯
1358:•
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1352:•
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1341:•
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1335:•
1332:♭
1329:•
1323:B
1321:♭
1318:•
1314:A
1312:♭
1309:•
1306:♯
1303:•
1300:♭
1297:•
1287:A
1285:♭
1202:A
1186:A
1184:L
1181:L
1178:D
1172:D
1166:L
1158:D
1155:L
1149:L
1143:D
1137:A
1135:L
1132:D
1129:D
1123:L
1117:D
1109:L
1106:L
1100:D
1094:L
1088:A
1086:L
1083:L
1080:D
1074:D
1068:L
1060:D
1057:L
1051:L
1045:D
1039:A
1037:L
1034:D
1031:D
1025:L
1019:D
1013:A
1011:L
971:(
780:C
718:ạ
697:á
676:ả
655:ã
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625:à
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75:·
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