470:
58:
2143:
2177:
74:
1793:
495:
456:
2189:
2307:
1505:
2082:
2000:
1866:
1726:
669:
2064:, to invade Vietnam in support of him. The Siamese army attacked in 1780, but in several years of warfare, it was unable to defeat the Tây Sơn army, as gains were followed by losses. In 1782, the Siamese king was killed in a revolt, and less than a year later, Nguyễn Ánh's forces were driven out of Vietnam. In 1785, Siam launched an invasion again and occupied part of the Mekong Delta, but was defeated by Nguyen Hue in the
1779:
1961:, where the merchants, who had suffered under restrictive laws put in place by the Nguyễn, lent the uprising their financial support. The Nguyễn, at last recognizing the serious scale of the revolt, made peace with the Siamese, giving up some land they had conquered in previous decades. However, their problems were compounded when
2158:. He marched to the north at the head of a large army in 1786, and after a short campaign, defeated the Trịnh army successfully. The Trịnh were also unpopular and the Tây Sơn army seemed invincible. The Trịnh lord fled north into China. Nguyễn Huệ later married princess Lê Ngọc Hân, the daughter of the nominal later Lê Emperor,
2251:. These heroes did not resign themselves to standing by and seeing the invaders plunder our country; they inspired the people to fight for a just cause and drive out the aggressors... The Qing, forgetting what happened to the Song, Yuan and Ming, have invaded our country. We are going to drive them out of our territory.
2356:
After Quang Trung's death, his son Nguyễn Quang Toản was enthroned as
Emperor Cảnh Thịnh at the age of ten. However, the real power was in the hands of his uncle Bui Dac Tuyen, who enacted a massive political purge. Many who served under Quang Trung were executed, while others became discouraged and
2293:
to celebrate the
Qianlong Emperor's 80th birthday. For the Qianlong Emperor, the motivation for accepting the arrangement was to retain the Qing's supremacy and stabilize their southern border. Chinese and Vietnamese sources agreed that Nguyễn Huệ sent an imposter with a delegation to Beijing, where
1949:
The Tây Sơn brothers styled themselves as champions of the people. Over the next year, the revolt gained traction and they won some battles against the Nguyễn army that was sent to crush their rebellion. The Tây Sơn drew their support from not only poor farmers but also by some indigenous highland
1839:
bureaucracy became corrupt and oppressive; at one point the imperial examination-degrees were sold to whoever was wealthy enough to purchase them. As the people grew poorer, the ruling lords lived lavish lifestyles in opulent palaces. While the Trịnh lords had enjoyed peace since the end of the
1942:, creating a political crisis. This coupled with heavy taxes and endemic corruption at the local level spurred three brothers Nguyễn Nhạc, Nguyễn Huệ, and Nguyễn Lữ (not related to the Nguyễn lords) from the village of Tây Sơn, central Vietnam, to revolt in 1771 against the Nguyễn lord
1973:
The Trịnh army continued to march south and the Tây Sơn army continued its conquest of other southern cities. The forces arrayed against the Nguyễn were simply too many and in 1776 the Tây Sơn army captured the last Nguyễn stronghold of Gia Định and massacred the town's
1965:
chose to end the 100-year peace and exploit the turmoil in the south by sending his army to attack Phú Xuân (modern-day Huế), the Nguyễn capital. The Trịnh army captured the city, forcing the Nguyễn to flee to Gia Định (now modern day
2285:
pincer attack and prevent further Qing
Chinese attempts to restore the Lê dynasty. Nguyễn Huệ sent a ritually submissive request to the Qianlong Emperor under the name of Nguyễn Quang Bình (also referred to as Ruan Guangping).
1954:, the brothers' leader, said that his goal was to end the people's oppression, reunite the country, and restore the power of the Lê emperor in Hanoi. The Tây Sơn also promised to remove corrupt officials and redistribute land.
2346:(鄭一) were granted official positions and noble ranks under the Tây Sơn empire. All attack plans had to be given up due to Nguyễn Huệ's sudden death. The attack never materialized by the time that Quang Trung died in 1792.
1835:. Both sides warred extensively for control of the country. Life for the peasants during these times were difficult: ownership of land became concentrated in the hands of a handful of landlords as time passed. The
2357:
left the regime, considerably weakening the Tây Sơn. This paved the way for Nguyễn Ánh to capture the entire country within 10 years, with the help of French military adventurers enlisted by French
2436:
Dutton (2006), p. 236. "For a detailed description of the lengths to which the Nguyễn went in this regard see the account in Quách Tân and Quách Giao, Nhà Tây Sơn (The Tây Sơn
Dynasty), 234–249."
2289:
In 1789, the
Qianlong Emperor agreed to re-establish the tributary relationship and enfeoff Nguyễn as the King of Annam on the condition that Nguyễn Huệ personally lead a special delegation to
1255:
627:
1852:(Thailand). While the Nguyễn lords usually won these wars and opened up new fertile lands for the landless poor to settle, the frequent warring cost money, resources, and lives.
2699:
2060:
The Tây Sơn spent the next decade consolidating their control over the former Nguyễn territory. Nguyễn Ánh proved to be a stubborn enemy. He convinced the King of Siam, P'ya
2314:
Quang Trung, was resentful. He trained his army, built large warships and waited for an opportunity to take revenge. He also provided refuge to organizations such as the
1801:
442:
2384:. In 1802, Ánh besieged Thăng Long. The then 20-year-old Nguyễn Quang Toản escaped, but then was captured and executed, ending the dynasty after 24 years, and the
1651:—Vietnam experienced an age of relative peace and prosperity. However, his heir was not capable of properly ruling the country, allowing the exiled Nguyễn lord
2208:
for aid. The
Qianlong Emperor agreed to restore Lê Chiêu Thống to power, and so in 1788, a large Qing army marched south into Vietnam and captured the capital
2331:
1616:. The Tây Sơn were led by these three brothers, referred to by modern Vietnamese historians as the Tây Sơn brothers because of their origin in the
2298:("King of Annam"). The title indicated that Nguyễn Huệ was recognized as the legal ruler of Vietnam and Lê Chiêu Thống was no longer supported.
57:
2412:
2335:
3080:
1533:
2260:
2171:
1209:
2065:
2294:
they were received with lavish imperial favors. The
Qianlong Emperor approved the proposal and bestowed Nguyễn Huệ with the title
1986:. The eldest Tây Sơn brother, Nguyễn Nhạc, proclaimed himself Emperor in 1778. A conflict with the Trịnh thus became unavoidable.
1675:, the birthplace of the three brothers who established the dynasty. The name "Tây Sơn" means "western mountains" from Chinese 西山
3090:
2502:
1455:
3012:
2991:
2970:
2890:
2648:
2103:
2021:
1883:
1743:
1186:
932:
2881:
The Tay Son
Uprising: Society and Rebellion in Eighteenth-Century Vietnam (Southeast Asia: Politics, Meaning, and Memory)
2391:
The Nguyễn lords eventually defeated the Tây Sơn dynasty, took complete control of
Vietnam, and established the imperial
952:
912:
601:
2349:
After the Tây Sơn massacred ethnic Han
Chinese settlers in 1782, the support of the Qing Chinese shifted towards to the
3085:
1117:
2215:
Nguyễn Huệ gathered a new army and prepared to fight the Qing army. He addressed his troops before the battle saying:
2949:
2865:
2551:
2512:
2485:
2129:
2047:
1905:
1765:
1460:
1440:
1326:
1049:
970:
2712:"Maritime violence and state formation in Vietnam: Piracy and the Tay Son Rebellion, 1771–1802 (book chapter, 2014)"
2673:"Maritime violence and state formation in Vietnam: Piracy and the Tay Son Rebellion, 1771–1802 (book chapter, 2014)"
2111:
2029:
853:
2264:
1526:
3036:
1396:
2694:
1635:, and united the country for the first time in 200 years. The Tây Sơn entered a tributary relationship with the
2107:
2025:
1887:
1747:
3075:
3070:
903:
795:
606:
2142:
1931:
1841:
1699:
1628:
1601:
1445:
1416:
1146:
134:
1943:
678:
63:
1672:
1519:
1485:
1470:
1465:
1450:
1136:
922:
648:
591:
2236:
1935:
989:
2377:
2176:
785:
578:
292:
2984:
Pirate Hunting: The Fight Against Pirates, Privateers, and Sea Raiders from Antiquity to the Present
1715:
19:
For the district of the same name in Bình Định province, where the Tây Sơn brothers originated, see
2092:
2010:
1480:
206:
1939:
862:
750:
2219:
The Qing have invaded our country and occupied the capital city, Thăng Long. In our history, the
2197:
2096:
2014:
1876:
1736:
2228:
1978:
population. The entire Nguyễn family was killed at the end of the siege, except for one nephew,
2903:
1376:
1230:
2541:
2473:
1604:. It was founded after three Nguyễn brothers from the village of Tây Sơn rebelled against the
740:
2745:
2733:
2396:
2159:
1836:
1668:
1655:
to retake the south of Vietnam and eventually pave the way for his own imperial dynasty, the
1617:
20:
1711:
1079:
2400:
2282:
1792:
825:
2267:. Anti-pirate activities were undertaken by a joint alliance between the Qing dynasty and
73:
8:
2417:
1581:
1575:
1560:
1555:
760:
568:
268:
188:
93:
1930:, and they were forced to abandon some of the newly conquered lands, which included the
1009:
942:
545:
127:
2938:
2879:
2854:
2392:
2385:
2361:
2151:
1951:
1845:
1656:
1621:
1126:
1099:
657:
488:
249:
84:
2263:
and forced them, along with Lê Chiêu Thống, to retreat. The Tay Son were supported by
1279:
3008:
2987:
2966:
2945:
2886:
2861:
2834:
2815:
2779:
2757:
2711:
2672:
2644:
2547:
2508:
2481:
2343:
2196:
A few months later, realising that his hope of retaining power had gone, the Emperor
1688:
1406:
1168:
885:
330:
239:
102:
2365:
1979:
805:
698:
368:
106:
2350:
2268:
2205:
1967:
1927:
1828:
1797:
1703:
1640:
1609:
1475:
1219:
1157:
1029:
815:
461:
2220:
1962:
1386:
835:
2654:
2278:
2155:
1820:
1707:
1613:
1069:
475:
413:
161:
141:
999:
2816:"Sino-Vietnamese Relations, 1771-1802: From Contention to Faithful Correlation"
2758:"SINO-VIETNAMESE RELATIONS, 1771-1802: FROM CONTENTION TO FAITHFUL CORRELATION"
2256:
1639:
of China and gained the recognition as the official rulers of Vietnam from the
1509:
1490:
1269:
1039:
308:
2188:
1597:
1589:
1567:
979:
193:
3064:
2929:(in Vietnamese). Ho Chi Minh City: Ho Chi Minh City General Publishing House.
2403:. The heart and liver from her body were consumed by soldiers of the Nguyễn.
2373:
2323:
2306:
2165:
1241:
1195:
168:
2381:
2244:
1816:
1632:
1605:
1059:
1019:
875:
447:
354:
123:
2658:
2248:
2240:
2232:
2201:
2181:
1636:
1366:
1356:
596:
138:
2856:
The Harper Encyclopedia of Military History: From 3500 B.C. to the Present
2319:
2224:
1786:
1648:
1644:
1297:
688:
280:
218:
2388:, the last imperial dynasty of Vietnam, took over the country in 1802.
2369:
1958:
1778:
619:
2327:
1975:
1890: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1750: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
771:
719:
709:
148:
2339:
2315:
730:
232:
2081:
1999:
1865:
1725:
2271:
1923:
1849:
1652:
775:
668:
525:
210:
2290:
1832:
1812:
1805:
1346:
623:
549:
513:
2192:
A royal bronze drum of Tay Son emperor Cảnh Thịnh, cast in 1800.
2358:
2061:
1919:
1819:, but real power lay in the hands of two warring families, the
1336:
1316:
214:
2835:"Tay Son Uprising (1771-1802) in Vietnam: Mandated By Heaven?"
2780:"Tay Son Uprising (1771-1802) In Vietnam: Mandated By Heaven?"
2255:
In a surprise attack, while the Qing army was celebrating the
78:
Political division of Vietnam at the end of the 18th century:
2209:
1824:
1306:
517:
372:
222:
175:
119:
1983:
521:
2166:
Overthrow of Lê dynasty and relationship with Qing dynasty
2395:
in 1802. The Nguyễn executed the defeated Tây Sơn leader
2474:"Chapter Seven: The Pirate Crisis and Foreign Diplomacy"
1938:
died in 1765, the court power was transferred to regent
1844:
in 1672, the Nguyễn lords regularly campaigned against
2963:
Wei Yuan and China's Rediscovery of the Maritime World
2504:
Việt Nam: A History from Earliest Times to the Present
2904:"A Brief History of the Tay Son Movement (1771-1802)"
2274:
while Chinese pirates collaborated with the Tay Son.
1643:. Under the most prominent of the Tây Sơn brothers,
2277:After the battle, Nguyễn Huệ sought to restore the
2960:
2944:(Revised ed.). New York: Facts On File, Inc.
2937:
2878:
2853:
1823:of the north who ruled from the imperial court in
1785:(光中通寶), a coin issued during the reign of Emperor
2150:Having vanquished the Nguyễn for the time being,
1679:where 西 xi means west and 山 shan means mountain.
1631:between the Trịnh and Nguyễn families, ended the
3062:
2981:
2543:A History of Southeast Asia: Critical Crossroads
39:
33:
3023:
2301:
343:• Nguyễn Nhạc established Tây Sơn dynasty
1527:
2860:(Fourth ed.). New York: HarperCollins.
2852:Dupuy, R. Ernest; Dupuy, Trevor N. (1993).
2641:Pirates of the South China Coast, 1790-1810
2204:of China, where he formally petitioned the
2110:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
2028:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1831:in the south, who ruled from their capital
2851:
2738:
2478:White Lotus Rebels and South China Pirates
2071:
1934:in the eastern coast of Cochinchina. Lord
1534:
1520:
72:
2526:
2524:
2413:Tây Sơn military tactics and organization
2259:, Nguyễn Huệ's army defeated them at the
2130:Learn how and when to remove this message
2048:Learn how and when to remove this message
1957:In 1773 the Tây Sơn captured the port of
1906:Learn how and when to remove this message
1796:Late 18th-century painting depicting the
1766:Learn how and when to remove this message
1716:Lê dynasty § Restored Lê (1597–1789)
1620:. The Tây Sơn was later succeeded by the
3005:Vietnamese Tradition on Trial, 1920–1945
2885:. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
2726:
2687:
2632:
2507:. Oxford University Press. p. 265.
2305:
2187:
2175:
2141:
1791:
1777:
1667:The Tây Sơn dynasty was named after the
2500:
3063:
3026:The Emergence of Modern Southeast Asia
2901:
2876:
2638:
2546:. John Wiley & Sons. p. 186.
2521:
2750:
2467:
2465:
2463:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2453:
1989:
1804:, the peace envoy from Nguyen Hue in
1554:
3002:
2935:
2772:
2539:
2471:
2154:decided to destroy the power of the
2108:adding citations to reliable sources
2075:
2026:adding citations to reliable sources
1993:
1922:launched a war to regain control of
1888:adding citations to reliable sources
1859:
1855:
1842:war between the Trịnh and the Nguyễn
1748:adding citations to reliable sources
1719:
1256:Provisional Revolutionary Government
867:
3081:Former countries in Chinese history
2924:
16:1778–1802 ruling dynasty of Vietnam
13:
3034:
3007:. University of California Press.
2450:
2401:crushing the body with an elephant
14:
3102:
3037:"The First Tet Offensive of 1789"
1811:In the 18th century, Vietnam was
592:Emperor of Đại Việt/King of Annam
2146:A war drum of the Tây Sơn rebels
2080:
1998:
1864:
1724:
1503:
1200:(Democratic Republic of Vietnam)
667:
493:
468:
454:
440:
414:Copper-alloy and zinc cash coins
56:
2832:
2813:
2807:
2794:
2704:
2665:
2623:
2620:Dar, Sino-Vietnamese Relations.
2614:
2605:
2596:
2281:in order to deter a joint Qing-
1875:needs additional citations for
1735:needs additional citations for
2695:Đại Nam chính biên liệt truyện
2587:
2578:
2569:
2560:
2533:
2494:
2430:
2372:citadel. In 1801, he occupied
1627:The Tây Sơn dynasty ended the
1210:Provisional Central Government
101: Territory controlled by
92: Territory controlled by
83: Territory controlled by
1:
3091:Tributaries of Imperial China
3028:. University of Hawaii Press.
2643:. Stanford University Press.
2639:Murray, Dian H. (1987). "3".
1918:In 1769 the new king of Siam
1693:
2965:. Harvard Univ Asia Center.
2936:Kohn, George Childs (1999).
2480:. Harvard University Press.
2443:
2302:War with Nguyễn Ánh and fall
1580:'House of Tây Sơn';
1327:Cát Tiên archaeological site
7:
2961:Leonard, Jane Kate (1984).
2406:
2322:. Chinese pirates, such as
2066:Battle of Rạch Gầm-Xoài Mút
1982:, who managed to escape to
1926:. The war went against the
1260:(Republic of South Vietnam)
10:
3107:
2261:Battle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa
2172:Battle of Ngọc Hồi-Đống Đa
2169:
1697:
1686:
1682:
990:Anarchy of the 12 Warlords
18:
3086:Former monarchies of Asia
2982:Little, Benerson (2010).
633:
615:
584:
574:
564:
556:
540:
535:
509:
419:
409:
405:
401:unknown, circa 10 million
395:
391:
386:
382:
365:
351:
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327:
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286:
274:
262:
258:
248:
228:
202:
184:
157:
115:
71:
53:
48:
34:
28:
3024:Owen, Norman G. (2005).
2925:Kim, Trần Trọng (2005).
2423:
2310:Seal of Tây Sơn dynasty.
923:Trung sisters' rebellion
207:Vietnamese folk religion
135:Internal imperial system
3003:Marr, David G. (1984).
2902:Dutton, George (2013).
2877:Dutton, George (2006).
2472:Wang, Wensheng (2014).
2072:Conquest of Trịnh lords
1932:Principality of Hà Tiên
1662:
1417:Principality of Hà Tiên
2986:. Potomac Books, Inc.
2629:Dar, Tay Son Uprising.
2540:Reid, Anthony (2015).
2311:
2279:tributary relationship
2253:
2193:
2185:
2147:
1808:
1789:
1585:
1564:
1298:Non-Vietnamese history
1050:4th Chinese domination
953:3rd Chinese domination
933:2nd Chinese domination
913:1st Chinese domination
40:
2501:Kiernan, Ben (2017).
2309:
2217:
2191:
2179:
2145:
1795:
1783:Quang Trung thông bảo
1781:
1698:Further information:
1246:(Republic of Vietnam)
1163:1887–1945 / 1945–1954
1151:1883–1945 / 1946–1948
1141:1883–1945 / 1945–1948
1131:1862–1945 / 1945–1949
628:Phượng Hoàng Trung Đô
185:Common languages
3076:Vietnamese dynasties
2910:. EnglishRainbow.com
2104:improve this section
2022:improve this section
1884:improve this article
1744:improve this article
1231:North–South division
1080:Later Lê Restoration
786:Phùng Nguyên culture
105:, later captured by
3035:Tucker, Spencer C.
2418:Ten Great Campaigns
2223:fought against the
1647:—later the emperor
1618:district of Tây Sơn
1592:: 朝西山), officially
1456:Historical capitals
1377:Nung-Zhuang kingdom
724:12,000 BC–10,000 BC
703:20,000 BC–12,000 BC
2940:Dictionary of Wars
2362:Pigneau de Behaine
2312:
2200:fled north to the
2194:
2186:
2180:An opera house in
2148:
1990:Conflict with Siam
1809:
1790:
1673:Bình Định province
1602:dynasty of Vietnam
1510:Vietnam portal
1127:French Cochinchina
745:10,000 BC–8,000 BC
3014:978-0-520-90744-7
2993:978-1-59797-588-9
2972:978-0-674-94855-6
2892:978-0-8248-2984-1
2800:Marr, pp. 211–12.
2650:978-0-8047-1376-4
2378:Nguyễn Quang Toản
2296:An Nam quốc vương
2140:
2139:
2132:
2058:
2057:
2050:
1936:Nguyễn Phúc Khoát
1916:
1915:
1908:
1856:Tây Sơn rebellion
1802:Nguyễn Quang Hiển
1776:
1775:
1768:
1645:Nguyễn Quang Bình
1579:
1556:[təjʂəːn]
1544:
1543:
1425:
1424:
1407:Sip Song Chau Tai
1288:
1287:
1261:
1247:
1201:
1177:
1176:
1169:Empire of Vietnam
1108:
1107:
961:
960:
894:
893:
863:Hồng Bàng dynasty
844:
843:
830:(1,000 BC–200 AD)
820:(1,000 BC–100 AD)
800:1,500 BC–1,000 BC
790:2,000 BC–1,500 BC
765:4,000 BC–3,000 BC
755:8,000 BC–6,000 BC
751:Quỳnh Văn culture
641:
640:
579:Nguyễn Quang Toản
531:
530:
505:
504:
501:
500:
481:
480:
331:Tây Sơn rebellion
288:• 1792–1802
276:• 1788–1792
264:• 1778–1788
244:
240:Absolute monarchy
237:
198:
180:
173:
166:
153:
146:
132:
3098:
3055:
3053:
3051:
3046:. Spencer Tucker
3041:
3029:
3018:
2997:
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2955:
2943:
2930:
2927:Việt Nam sử lược
2919:
2917:
2915:
2896:
2884:
2871:
2859:
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2827:
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2823:
2801:
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2627:
2621:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2603:
2602:Leonard, p. 136.
2600:
2594:
2591:
2585:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2567:
2564:
2558:
2557:
2537:
2531:
2528:
2519:
2518:
2498:
2492:
2491:
2469:
2437:
2434:
2206:Qianlong Emperor
2135:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2115:
2084:
2076:
2053:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2033:
2002:
1994:
1940:Trương Phúc Loan
1911:
1904:
1900:
1897:
1891:
1868:
1860:
1798:Qianlong Emperor
1771:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1751:
1728:
1720:
1700:Trịnh–Nguyễn War
1669:Tây Sơn district
1641:Qianlong Emperor
1629:century-long war
1574:
1571:
1558:
1553:
1536:
1529:
1522:
1508:
1507:
1506:
1303:
1302:
1259:
1245:
1220:State of Vietnam
1199:
1192:
1191:
1158:French Indochina
1123:
1122:
1060:Later Lê dynasty
1020:Later Lý dynasty
1010:Early Lê dynasty
976:
975:
943:Early Lý dynasty
909:
908:
869:
859:
858:
826:Sa Huỳnh culture
816:Dong Son culture
796:Đồng Đậu culture
684:
683:
671:
661:
643:
642:
602:King of Giao Chỉ
595:Titles given by
533:
532:
497:
496:
485:
484:
472:
471:
458:
457:
444:
443:
437:
436:
421:
420:
242:
235:
233:Rebel governance
196:
178:
171:
164:
151:
144:
130:
100:
91:
82:
76:
60:
43:
37:
36:
26:
25:
21:Tây Sơn district
3106:
3105:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3097:
3096:
3095:
3071:Tây Sơn dynasty
3061:
3060:
3049:
3047:
3039:
3015:
2994:
2973:
2952:
2913:
2911:
2908:English Rainbow
2893:
2868:
2840:
2838:
2837:. Research Gate
2821:
2819:
2818:. Research Gate
2810:
2805:
2804:
2799:
2795:
2785:
2783:
2782:. Research Gate
2778:
2777:
2773:
2763:
2761:
2760:. Research Gate
2756:
2755:
2751:
2743:
2739:
2731:
2727:
2717:
2715:
2714:. Research Gate
2710:
2709:
2705:
2692:
2688:
2678:
2676:
2675:. Research Gate
2671:
2670:
2666:
2651:
2637:
2633:
2628:
2624:
2619:
2615:
2610:
2606:
2601:
2597:
2593:Little, p. 205.
2592:
2588:
2583:
2579:
2574:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2554:
2538:
2534:
2529:
2522:
2515:
2499:
2495:
2488:
2470:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2440:
2435:
2431:
2426:
2409:
2304:
2265:Chinese pirates
2229:Đinh Tiên Hoàng
2174:
2168:
2136:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2101:
2085:
2074:
2054:
2043:
2037:
2034:
2019:
2003:
1992:
1912:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1881:
1869:
1858:
1850:Kingdom of Siam
1772:
1761:
1755:
1752:
1741:
1729:
1718:
1696:
1691:
1685:
1665:
1566:
1551:
1548:Tây Sơn dynasty
1540:
1504:
1502:
1497:
1496:
1495:
1435:
1427:
1426:
1300:
1290:
1289:
1258:
1244:
1198:
1189:
1179:
1178:
1120:
1110:
1109:
1090:Tây Sơn dynasty
973:
963:
962:
906:
896:
895:
856:
846:
845:
741:Bắc Sơn culture
681:
659:
652:
611:
600:
594:
524:
520:
516:
494:
469:
455:
441:
398:
375:
361:3 February 1789
358:
344:
334:
289:
277:
265:
238:
191:
174:
167:
147:
133:
111:
110:
98:
96:
89:
87:
80:
67:
66:
61:
44:
38:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3104:
3094:
3093:
3088:
3083:
3078:
3073:
3057:
3056:
3031:
3030:
3020:
3019:
3013:
2999:
2998:
2992:
2978:
2977:
2971:
2957:
2956:
2950:
2932:
2931:
2921:
2920:
2898:
2897:
2891:
2873:
2872:
2866:
2848:
2847:
2833:Dar, Ku Boon.
2829:
2828:
2814:Dar, Ku Boon.
2809:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2793:
2771:
2749:
2737:
2725:
2703:
2686:
2664:
2649:
2631:
2622:
2613:
2604:
2595:
2586:
2577:
2568:
2566:Dupuy, p. 653.
2559:
2552:
2532:
2520:
2513:
2493:
2486:
2448:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2428:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2415:
2408:
2405:
2393:Nguyễn dynasty
2332:Liang Wen-keng
2303:
2300:
2257:Lunar New Year
2198:Lê Chiêu Thống
2170:Main article:
2167:
2164:
2138:
2137:
2088:
2086:
2079:
2073:
2070:
2056:
2055:
2006:
2004:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1914:
1913:
1872:
1870:
1863:
1857:
1854:
1848:and later the
1774:
1773:
1732:
1730:
1723:
1695:
1692:
1687:Main article:
1684:
1681:
1664:
1661:
1657:Nguyễn dynasty
1622:Nguyễn dynasty
1542:
1541:
1539:
1538:
1531:
1524:
1516:
1513:
1512:
1499:
1498:
1494:
1493:
1491:Indochina Wars
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1443:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1432:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1422:
1419:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1403:
1402:
1399:
1397:Jarai kingdoms
1393:
1392:
1389:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1373:
1372:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1349:
1343:
1342:
1339:
1333:
1332:
1329:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1285:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1272:
1270:Subsidy period
1266:
1265:
1262:
1252:
1251:
1248:
1238:
1237:
1234:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1190:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1171:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1153:
1152:
1149:
1143:
1142:
1139:
1133:
1132:
1129:
1121:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1106:
1105:
1102:
1100:Nguyễn dynasty
1096:
1095:
1092:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1066:
1065:
1062:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1036:
1035:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1012:
1006:
1005:
1002:
996:
995:
992:
986:
985:
982:
974:
969:
968:
965:
964:
959:
958:
955:
949:
948:
945:
939:
938:
935:
929:
928:
925:
919:
918:
915:
907:
902:
901:
898:
897:
892:
891:
888:
882:
881:
878:
872:
871:
865:
857:
852:
851:
848:
847:
842:
841:
838:
832:
831:
828:
822:
821:
818:
812:
811:
808:
806:Gò Mun culture
802:
801:
798:
792:
791:
788:
782:
781:
779:
767:
766:
763:
761:Đa Bút culture
757:
756:
753:
747:
746:
743:
737:
736:
734:
726:
725:
722:
716:
715:
713:
705:
704:
701:
699:Sơn Vi culture
695:
694:
692:
682:
677:
676:
673:
672:
664:
663:
654:
653:
646:
639:
638:
635:
631:
630:
617:
613:
612:
610:
609:
604:
588:
586:
582:
581:
576:
572:
571:
566:
562:
561:
558:
554:
553:
542:
538:
537:
536:Nguyễn Tây Sơn
529:
528:
511:
507:
506:
503:
502:
499:
498:
491:
489:Nguyễn dynasty
482:
479:
478:
473:
465:
464:
459:
451:
450:
445:
433:
432:
427:
417:
416:
411:
407:
406:
403:
402:
399:
396:
393:
392:
389:
388:
384:
383:
380:
379:
376:
366:
363:
362:
359:
352:
349:
348:
345:
342:
339:
338:
335:
328:
325:
324:
321:
320:
317:
313:
312:
309:rule by decree
305:
301:
300:
297:
296:
290:
287:
284:
283:
278:
275:
272:
271:
266:
263:
260:
259:
256:
255:
252:
246:
245:
230:
226:
225:
204:
200:
199:
194:Chữ Nôm script
186:
182:
181:
159:
155:
154:
117:
113:
112:
97:
88:
79:
77:
69:
68:
62:
55:
54:
51:
50:
46:
45:
32:
29:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3103:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3059:
3045:
3038:
3033:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3010:
3006:
3001:
3000:
2995:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2979:
2974:
2968:
2964:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2951:0-8160-3928-3
2947:
2942:
2941:
2934:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2922:
2909:
2905:
2900:
2899:
2894:
2888:
2883:
2882:
2875:
2874:
2869:
2867:0-06-270056-1
2863:
2858:
2857:
2850:
2849:
2836:
2831:
2830:
2817:
2812:
2811:
2797:
2781:
2775:
2759:
2753:
2747:
2741:
2735:
2729:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2697:
2696:
2690:
2674:
2668:
2660:
2656:
2652:
2646:
2642:
2635:
2626:
2617:
2608:
2599:
2590:
2584:Owen, p. 113.
2581:
2575:Kohn, p. 523.
2572:
2563:
2555:
2553:9780631179610
2549:
2545:
2544:
2536:
2527:
2525:
2516:
2514:9780195160765
2510:
2506:
2505:
2497:
2489:
2487:9780674727991
2483:
2479:
2475:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2449:
2433:
2429:
2419:
2416:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2389:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2354:
2352:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2324:Chen Tien-pao
2321:
2317:
2308:
2299:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2284:
2280:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2237:Trần Hưng Đạo
2234:
2230:
2226:
2222:
2221:Trưng Sisters
2216:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2203:
2199:
2190:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2144:
2134:
2131:
2123:
2113:
2109:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2094:
2089:This section
2087:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2069:
2067:
2063:
2052:
2049:
2041:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2007:This section
2005:
2001:
1996:
1995:
1987:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1971:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1955:
1953:
1947:
1945:
1941:
1937:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1910:
1907:
1899:
1889:
1885:
1879:
1878:
1873:This section
1871:
1867:
1862:
1861:
1853:
1851:
1847:
1843:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1818:
1815:ruled by the
1814:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1767:
1759:
1749:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1733:This section
1731:
1727:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1701:
1690:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1670:
1660:
1658:
1654:
1650:
1646:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1625:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1600:: 大越), was a
1599:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1586:triều Tây Sơn
1583:
1577:
1572:
1569:
1565:Nhà Tây Sơn,
1562:
1557:
1549:
1537:
1532:
1530:
1525:
1523:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1511:
1501:
1500:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1442:
1439:
1438:
1431:
1430:
1420:
1418:
1415:
1414:
1410:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1394:
1390:
1388:
1385:
1384:
1380:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1350:
1348:
1345:
1344:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1314:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1293:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1277:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1243:
1242:South Vietnam
1240:
1239:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1197:
1196:North Vietnam
1194:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1182:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1150:
1148:
1147:French Tonkin
1145:
1144:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1134:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1097:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1083:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1067:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1043:
1041:
1038:
1037:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1003:
1001:
998:
997:
993:
991:
988:
987:
983:
981:
978:
977:
972:
967:
966:
956:
954:
951:
950:
946:
944:
941:
940:
936:
934:
931:
930:
926:
924:
921:
920:
916:
914:
911:
910:
905:
900:
899:
890:204 BC–111 BC
889:
887:
886:Triệu dynasty
884:
883:
880:257 BC–179 BC
879:
877:
874:
873:
866:
864:
861:
860:
855:
850:
849:
839:
837:
836:Óc Eo culture
834:
833:
829:
827:
824:
823:
819:
817:
814:
813:
809:
807:
804:
803:
799:
797:
794:
793:
789:
787:
784:
783:
780:
778:
777:
773:
769:
768:
764:
762:
759:
758:
754:
752:
749:
748:
744:
742:
739:
738:
735:
733:
732:
728:
727:
723:
721:
718:
717:
714:
712:
711:
707:
706:
702:
700:
697:
696:
693:
691:
690:
686:
685:
680:
675:
674:
670:
666:
665:
662:
656:
655:
650:
645:
644:
636:
632:
629:
625:
621:
618:
614:
608:
607:King of Annam
605:
603:
598:
593:
590:
589:
587:
583:
580:
577:
573:
570:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
534:
527:
523:
519:
515:
512:
510:Today part of
508:
492:
490:
487:
486:
483:
477:
474:
467:
466:
463:
460:
453:
452:
449:
446:
439:
438:
435:
434:
431:
428:
426:
423:
422:
418:
415:
412:
408:
404:
400:
394:
390:
385:
381:
377:
374:
370:
364:
360:
356:
350:
346:
340:
336:
332:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
291:
285:
282:
279:
273:
270:
267:
261:
257:
253:
251:
247:
241:
234:
231:
227:
224:
220:
216:
212:
208:
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201:
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187:
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143:
140:
136:
129:
125:
121:
118:
114:
108:
104:
95:
86:
75:
70:
65:
64:Imperial seal
59:
52:
47:
42:
41:Đại Việt Quốc
30:Đại Việt Quốc
27:
22:
3058:
3048:. Retrieved
3043:
3025:
3004:
2983:
2962:
2939:
2926:
2912:. Retrieved
2907:
2880:
2855:
2839:. Retrieved
2820:. Retrieved
2808:Bibliography
2796:
2784:. Retrieved
2774:
2762:. Retrieved
2752:
2740:
2728:
2716:. Retrieved
2706:
2693:
2689:
2677:. Retrieved
2667:
2640:
2634:
2625:
2616:
2607:
2598:
2589:
2580:
2571:
2562:
2542:
2535:
2530:Kim, p. 359.
2503:
2496:
2477:
2432:
2397:Bùi Thị Xuân
2390:
2355:
2351:Nguyễn lords
2348:
2336:Fan Wen-tsai
2313:
2295:
2288:
2276:
2269:Nguyễn lords
2254:
2247:against the
2239:against the
2231:against the
2218:
2214:
2195:
2160:Lê Hiển Tông
2149:
2126:
2117:
2102:Please help
2090:
2059:
2044:
2035:
2020:Please help
2008:
1972:
1956:
1948:
1928:Nguyễn lords
1917:
1902:
1893:
1882:Please help
1877:verification
1874:
1829:Nguyễn lords
1810:
1782:
1762:
1753:
1742:Please help
1737:verification
1734:
1704:Nguyễn lords
1689:Tây Sơn wars
1676:
1666:
1637:Qing dynasty
1626:
1610:Nguyễn lords
1593:
1547:
1545:
1367:Dali Kingdom
1357:Khmer Empire
1284:1986–present
1229:
1156:
1137:French Annam
1089:
1030:Trần dynasty
1000:Đinh dynasty
917:111 BC–40 AD
876:Thục dynasty
810:1,000–800 BC
770:
729:
708:
687:
597:Qing dynasty
560:18th century
462:Nguyễn lords
430:Succeeded by
429:
424:
397:• 1800
378:18 June 1802
2841:February 7,
2822:February 6,
2786:February 7,
2764:February 6,
2718:February 7,
2679:February 7,
2380:to flee to
2364:. In 1800,
2320:White Lotus
2241:Mongol Yuan
2202:Qing Empire
2156:Trịnh lords
1821:Trịnh lords
1787:Quang Trung
1708:Trịnh lords
1649:Quang Trung
1614:Trịnh lords
1552:Vietnamese:
1461:Immigration
1441:Agriculture
1070:Mạc dynasty
980:Ngô dynasty
689:Paleolithic
679:Prehistoric
658:History of
575:Final ruler
569:Nguyễn Nhạc
544:Kingdom of
476:Trịnh lords
425:Preceded by
304:Legislature
281:Quang Trung
243:(1778–1802)
236:(1771–1778)
219:Catholicism
179:(1801–1802)
172:(1788–1801)
165:(1776–1788)
152:(1801–1802)
145:(1789–1802)
131:(1778–1788)
94:Nguyễn Nhạc
3065:Categories
2382:Thăng Long
2376:, forcing
2366:Nguyễn Ánh
2328:Mo Kuan-fu
2210:Thăng Long
2152:Nguyễn Huệ
1980:Nguyễn Ánh
1952:Nguyễn Huệ
1944:Phúc Thuần
1825:Thăng Long
1817:Lê dynasty
1800:receiving
1712:Lê–Mạc War
1694:Background
1653:Nguyễn Ánh
1633:Lê dynasty
1606:Lê dynasty
1582:Vietnamese
1561:Vietnamese
1040:Hồ dynasty
840:(1–630 AD)
720:Hoabinhian
710:Mesolithic
634:Deposition
448:Lê dynasty
387:Population
369:Nguyễn Ánh
357:collapsed
355:Lê dynasty
293:Cảnh Thịnh
229:Government
197:(official)
189:Vietnamese
149:Rump state
124:Lê dynasty
107:Nguyễn Ánh
85:Nguyễn Huệ
3050:28 August
2914:28 August
2444:Citations
2368:occupied
2342:(鄭七) and
2340:Cheng Chi
2316:Tiandihui
2091:does not
2009:does not
1963:Trịnh Sâm
1446:Dynasties
1421:1707–1832
1411:1600–1954
1401:1100–1904
1391:1061–1432
1387:Ngưu Hống
1381:1042–1052
1274:1975–1986
1264:1969–1976
1250:1955–1975
1236:1954–1976
1224:1949–1955
1214:1948–1949
1204:1945–1976
1104:1802–1945
1094:1778–1802
1084:1533–1789
1074:1527–1592
1064:1428–1527
1054:1407–1427
1044:1400–1407
1034:1225–1400
1024:1009–1225
904:Dominated
776:Iron Ages
731:Neolithic
616:Estate(s)
373:Đông Kinh
371:captured
203:Religion
176:Bắc Thành
142:tributary
103:Nguyễn Lữ
49:1778–1802
3044:Izcenter
2659:2381407M
2611:Spencer.
2407:See also
2374:Phú Xuân
2370:Quy Nhơn
2318:and the
2272:Gia Long
2120:May 2020
2038:May 2020
1959:Qui Nhơn
1950:tribes.
1924:Cambodia
1896:May 2020
1846:Cambodia
1837:imperial
1827:and the
1756:May 2020
1594:Đại Việt
1471:Monarchs
1466:Military
1434:By topic
1371:937–1253
1361:802–1431
1321:192–1832
1187:Republic
1118:Colonial
1014:980–1009
971:Dynastic
649:a series
647:Part of
624:Phú Xuân
620:Quy Nhơn
546:Đại Việt
526:Cambodia
410:Currency
333:emerged
269:Thái Đức
211:Buddhism
192:Written
169:Phú Xuân
128:Đại Việt
2734:p.35–37
2700:vol. 30
2344:Cheng I
2338:(樊文才),
2334:(梁文庚),
2330:(莫觀扶),
2326:(陳添保),
2291:Beijing
2184:, 1793
2182:Phú Yên
2112:removed
2097:sources
2030:removed
2015:sources
1976:Chinese
1813:de jure
1806:Beijing
1683:History
1598:Chữ Hán
1590:chữ Hán
1578:
1568:Chữ Nôm
1451:Economy
1351:738–902
1347:Nanzhao
1341:550–781
1331:300–800
1280:Đổi Mới
1004:968–980
994:965–968
984:939–965
957:602–938
947:544–602
870:–258 BC
868:2879 BC
854:Ancient
660:Vietnam
565:Founder
557:Founded
550:Vietnam
541:Country
514:Vietnam
367:•
353:•
329:•
316:History
250:Emperor
158:Capital
137:within
122:within
109:in 1789
3011:
2990:
2969:
2948:
2889:
2864:
2744:Choi,
2732:Choi,
2657:
2647:
2550:
2511:
2484:
2386:Nguyễn
2359:bishop
2245:Lê Lợi
2243:, and
2062:Taksin
1968:Saigon
1920:Taksin
1714:, and
1677:Xīshān
1612:, and
1337:Chenla
1317:Champa
1311:68–627
937:43–544
772:Bronze
651:on the
585:Titles
319:
307:None (
295:(last)
254:
215:Taoism
162:Đồ Bàn
116:Status
99:
90:
81:
3040:(PDF)
2746:p.74–
2424:Notes
1570:: 茹西山
1486:Women
1481:Naval
1476:Names
1307:Funan
927:40–43
518:China
223:Islam
120:Duchy
3052:2019
3009:ISBN
2988:ISBN
2967:ISBN
2946:ISBN
2916:2019
2887:ISBN
2862:ISBN
2843:2019
2824:2019
2788:2019
2766:2019
2720:2019
2681:2019
2645:ISBN
2548:ISBN
2509:ISBN
2482:ISBN
2283:Siam
2249:Ming
2233:Song
2095:any
2093:cite
2013:any
2011:cite
1984:Siam
1663:Name
1576:lit.
1546:The
1173:1945
774:and
637:1802
522:Laos
347:1778
337:1771
139:Qing
2399:by
2225:Han
2106:by
2024:by
1970:).
1886:by
1833:Huế
1746:by
1671:in
126:of
35:大越國
3067::
3042:.
2906:.
2698:,
2655:OL
2653:.
2523:^
2476:.
2452:^
2353:.
2235:,
2227:,
2212:.
2162:.
2068:.
1946:.
1710:,
1706:,
1702:,
1659:.
1624:.
1608:,
1584::
1573:,
1563::
1559:,
626:,
622:,
221:,
217:,
213:,
209:,
3054:.
3017:.
2996:.
2975:.
2954:.
2918:.
2895:.
2870:.
2845:.
2826:.
2790:.
2768:.
2722:.
2683:.
2661:.
2556:.
2517:.
2490:.
2133:)
2127:(
2122:)
2118:(
2114:.
2100:.
2051:)
2045:(
2040:)
2036:(
2032:.
2018:.
1909:)
1903:(
1898:)
1894:(
1880:.
1769:)
1763:(
1758:)
1754:(
1740:.
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1588:(
1550:(
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