1062:, 40,000 of which was to be paid immediately, while the remainder was to be paid in installments. One of the greatest military orders of medieval times, the Knights Templar were renowned for their remarkable financial power and vast holdings of land and property throughout Europe and the East. Their severity of rule in Cyprus quickly incurred the hatred of the native population. On Easter Day in 1192, the Cypriots attempted a massacre of their Templar rulers; however, due to prior knowledge of the attack and limited numbers of troops, the Knights had taken refuge in their stronghold at Nicosia. A siege ensued and the Templars, realizing their dire circumstances and their besiegers' reluctance to bargain, sallied out into the streets at dawn one morning, taking the Cypriots completely by surprise. The subsequent slaughter was merciless and widespread and though Templar rule was restored following the event, the military order was reluctant to continue rule and allegedly begged King Richard to take Cyprus back. King Richard took them up on the offer and the Templars returned to Syria, retaining but a few holdings on the island. A small minority Roman Catholic population of the island was mainly confined to some coastal cities, such as
1243:
2190:
174:
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150:
1120:, greatly increased to the point that he was ousted from his claim to the crown of Jerusalem. Since Guy was a long-time vassal of King Richard, the English king looked to strike two birds with one stone; by offering Guy de Lusignan the kingdom of Cyprus, he allowed his friend the opportunity to save face and keep some sort of power in the East whilst simultaneously ridding himself of a troublesome fief. It is unclear whether King Richard gave him the territory or sold it and it is highly unlikely that King Richard was ever paid, even if a deal was struck. In 1194, Guy de Lusignan died without any heirs and so his older brother, Amalric, became King Amalric I of Cyprus, a crown and title which was approved by
2131:(who was secretly negotiating a marriage to the Scottish princess Cecilia on Anthony's behalf), as a claimant by purchasing the rights of former Cypriot queens Charlotte and Catarina Cornaro. A convention in Venice of 1476 declared "Anthony Arnite" heir to the combined kingdom of Jerusalem-Cyprus but this came to nought when Anthony died before even his marriage to the sister of James Stewart, King of Scots could be celebrated, and the former Cypriot queens ceded their rights elsewhere: Charlotte to the Italian house of Savoy and Catarina Cornaro to the Most Serene Republic of Venice which asserted its claim to the kingdom as part of the republic, without even a candidate for king.
1549:
591:
1831:
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143:
2012:
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1801:
200:
1886:
859:
1979:
1949:
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739:
1447:
36:
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1481:
1401:. This relative autonomy meant that there were no rebellions of ethnic character in the Lusignan period. Whilst Greek historiography has traditionally seen a peasant revolt in 1426-27 as a nationalistic uprising, this was an unsystematic series of riots of pillaging by segments of the Greek peasant population and Spanish mercenaries following the Mamluk invasion, the capture of
2536:
1677:
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1392:
and coastal plains. There was a system of ethnic discrimination and social stratification in place. However, with the majority of the population being Greeks, the
Frankish nobility set up a system that would accommodate a certain degree of Greek autonomy, for instance maintaining Greek ecclesiastical
1018:
Control of the island of Cyprus would give King
Richard an extremely valuable strategic base to launch further Crusade operations. The English army engaged the Cypriots on the shores of Limassol with English archers and heavily armored knights. Komnenos and the remainder of the army escaped to the
1006:
entered the port, Komnenos refused their request to disembark for fresh water. King
Richard and the rest of his fleet arrived shortly afterwards. Upon hearing of the imprisonment of his shipwrecked comrades and the insults offered to his bride and sister, King Richard met Komnenos in battle. There
1270:
The economy of Cyprus remained primarily agrarian during the
Lusignan period. Simultaneously, though, the island grew in importance in the trade network connecting Western Europe and the Middle East, serving as an "entrepôt". This led to an increase in demand on Cypriot products (most importantly
1039:
on the island in return for confirming its laws and customs. He also ordered
Cypriot men to shave their beards. There was a rebellion led by a relative of Isaac's, but it was crushed by Robert of Thornham, who hanged the leader. Richard rebuked Robert for this execution, since executing a man who
1022:
Fearing treachery at the hands of the new invaders, Komnenos fled after making this pledge to King
Richard and escaped to the stronghold of Kantara. Some weeks after King Richard's marriage to his bride in Limassol on 12 May 1191, Komnenos attempted an escape by boat to the mainland but he was
1291:
did take some part in the changing economic environment. Limassol, in particular, became a port for the export of agricultural products and served as a stopover for
Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land. The relative prosperity encouraged migration to Cyprus from the West
1175:(High Court), although it was less powerful than it had been in Jerusalem. The island was richer and more feudal than Jerusalem, so the king had more personal wealth and could afford to ignore the Haute Cour. The most important vassal family was the multi-branch
943:
from a minor line of the
Imperial house, rose in rebellion, and attempted to seize the throne. His attempted coup was unsuccessful, but Komnenos was able to retain control of the island. Byzantine actions against Komnenos failed because he enjoyed the support of
2537:"Leontios Makhairas: Recital concerning the Sweet Land of Cyprus entitled ' Chronicle.' Edited with a translation and notes by R. M. Dawkins. 2 vols. Pp. xvi+685, 333; map and genealogical table. Oxford: Clarendon Press (London: Milford), 1932. Cloth, 50s"
1019:
hills during nightfall, but King
Richard and his troops tracked the Cypriot ruler down and raided his camp before dawn. Komnenos escaped again with a small number of men. The next day, many Cypriot nobles came to King Richard to swear fealty.
1356:
in 1347-48 resulted in the loss of one fifth to one third of the population. Repeated outbreaks prevented population recovery into the fifteenth century. In the 14th century it was common for
Cypriot nobility to get their education in
1271:
sugar, but also wine, wheat, oil, carobs) abroad, and the agrarian economy became more export-oriented. This allowed Cyprus to become more prosperous relative to the Byzantine period, fuelling the development of the harbour of
1351:
constituted the majority of the population in the rural areas, where they were either serfs (paroikoi) or free tenants (francomati). The population increased until the middle of the fourteenth century, but the
2264:
Nicholson, Helen J. (2018). "Remembering the Crusaders in Cyprus: The Lusignans, the Hospitallers, and the 1191 Conquest of Cyprus in Jean d'Arras's Mélusine". In Parsons, Simon T.; Paterson, Linda M. (eds.).
1031:
and other high ranking nobles. The English king left garrisons in the towns and castles of the island before he departed and the island itself was left in charge of Richard of Canville and Robert of Thornham.
2189:
1327:
having increasing demand in the West and the East. Famagusta became a hub for shipbuilding. These developments prompted the arrival of representatives from Florentine banking houses, such as the
1023:
apprehended at Cape St. Andrea and later imprisoned in the castle of Markappos in Syria, where he died shortly afterwards, still in captivity. Meanwhile, King Richard resumed his journey to
3071:
1070:, the traditional capital. Roman Catholics kept the reins of power and control, while the Orthodox inhabitants lived in the countryside; this was much the same as the arrangement in the
1058:
realized that Cyprus would prove to be a difficult territory to maintain and oversee whilst launching offensives in the Holy Land, he sold it to the Knights Templar for a fee of 100,000
2884:
1312:. The Latin immigrants participated in the economic life as merchants, artisans, shipwrights, ship captains and tavern keepers, and as such had an outsize share in the economy.
2177:
1335:. The growth of the industry as well as the labour-intensive production of sugar and wine resulted in a demand for slaves, and slave markets existed in Nicosia and Famagusta.
1042:
539:
514:
500:
486:
1131:, which had held much power in Jerusalem prior its downfall, acted as regents during these early years. In 1229, one of the Ibelin regents was forced out of power by
928:, despite the nearly constant warfare between the two parties on the mainland. The Byzantines recovered control over the island for short periods thereafter, but the
2410:
2165:
1364:
The Roman Catholic Latins never exceeded a quarter of the island's population and were concentrated in the cities. Frankish knights and aristocracy mostly lived in
1315:
During this period, new industries also emerged in Cyprus. Cypriot pottery developed particular characteristics, and was exported to the Crusader States until the
173:
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1319:
in 1291. In the late 13th and early 14th industries, the textile industry developed, with new textile dyeing workshops being set up in Nicosia, and Cypriot
2380:
1393:
courts open to the consultation of "wise and prominent men", thus practically forming secular Greek forms that exercised a form of judicial autonomy. The
3829:
2151:
2068:
1380:
in 1291 triggered an influx of Latin immigrants from the Levant, as Italian, Aragonese and Provençal trading cities relocated their merchants to Cyprus.
1279:, enabling the construction of architectural works that survive to this day. Whilst the development of these two eclipsed the other towns, towns such as
1242:
2606:
2211:
2053:
2119:. By 1476, the various claims were so diverse and weak that various monarchs sought former Cypriot queens to cede them their rights. Even the
2980:
2080:(1482–1490), legitimate great-grandson of Janus of Cyprus, son of a first cousin of Charlotte, second cousin of James III, nephew of Louis
3629:
767:
2600:
2455:
2102:(1496–1497), father of Philibert II, great-uncle of Charles II and of Yolande Louise, first cousin of Charlotte, maternal grandson of
3487:
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2067:
and if born in the 1480s he was quite a posthumous specimen, alleged to have moved to Sicily then Malta, founder of the family of
2712:
17:
2074:
Charlotte (d. 1487) and Louis (d. 1482), queen and king-consort, continued as pretenders, Charlotte renounced 1482 in favour of:
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3188:
2945:
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1116:
In the meantime, the hereditary queen of Jerusalem, Sybilla, had died, and opposition to the rule of her husband, king consort
922:
reached an unprecedented agreement. For the next 300 years, Cyprus was ruled jointly by both the Arabs and the Byzantines as a
887:
1027:
and, with much needed respite, new funds and reinforcements, set sail for the Holy Land accompanied by the King of Jerusalem,
2354:
3819:
1040:
claimed to be king was an affront to royal dignity. Some details of the brief English period on Cyprus can be found in the
680:
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1127:
After the death of Amalric of Lusignan, the Kingdom continually passed to a series of young boys who grew up as king. The
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71:
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46:
2060:", heiress of Isaac Komnenos, in the winter of 1202/1203, claimed the kingdom, but Aimery refused to surrender it.
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990:. The English king did not intend to conquer the island until his fleet was scattered by a storm en route to the
965:
924:
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2376:
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quartered of Jerusalem, de Lusignan, Armenia and Cyprus, declaring a claim to reign over the former kingdoms of
1011:
in order to protect himself from his enemies, the Angelos family, the ruling family in the Byzantine capital of
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was used as the lingua franca on the island and legal texts were translated into the vernacular, like the
998:. The shipwrecked survivors were taken prisoner by Komnenos and when a ship bearing King Richard's sister
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Eugene Matteo de Armenia (1480's–1523), said by his own progeny to have been an illegitimate son of King
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to the island. Frederick's supporters were defeated in this struggle by 1232 from the Cypriots Forces at
871:
710:
627:
519:
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in 1426; the remaining monarchs gradually lost almost all independence, until 1489 when the last queen,
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Richard confiscated the property of those Cypriots who had fought against him. He also imposed a 50%
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1081:, with its own Archbishop and subject to no patriarch, was allowed to remain on the island, but the
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conquered the island for a resurgent Byzantium. In 1185, the last Byzantine governor of Cyprus,
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Nicolaou-Konnari, Angel (2005). "Greeks". In Nicolaou-Konnari, Angel; Schabel, Chris (eds.).
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53:
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During the period of Frankish rule, Catholicism became the official religion of the island
8:
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Coureas, Nicholas (2005). "Economy". In Nicolaou-Konnari, Angel; Schabel, Chris (eds.).
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The kingdom eventually came to be dominated more and more in the 14th century by the
1144:
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Seventeen lectures on the study of medieval and modern history and kindred subjects
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1159:, thus uniting the two kingdoms. The territory in Palestine was finally lost while
1140:
1046:, possibly derived from Robert of Thornham, who had a relationship with the abbey.
987:
879:
820:
306:
260:
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Orthodox Cyprus under the Latins, 1191–1571: Society, Spirituality, and Identities
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merchants, especially because Cyprus had become the center of European trade with
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994:(1189–1191). The three ships were wrecked and sank in sight of the port of
912:
632:
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The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium: The Empire of Constantinople (1204–1228)
1800:
1155:
claimed the title and its territory of Acre for himself upon the death of
27:
Medieval Christian kingdom established after the Third Crusade (1192–1489)
3364:
1353:
1024:
415:
1978:
1885:
1163:
was king in 1291, but the kings of Cyprus continued to claim the title.
858:
2940:
1446:
1343:
Cypriot society in the Lusignan period was multi-ethnic, with Orthodox
863:
1948:
2838:
2270:
2195:
Lusignans as the Kings of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia (since 1393).
1369:
1305:
1272:
1251:
1063:
953:
350:
2644:
The Medieval Kingdoms of Cyprus and Armenia: (Oct. 26 and 29, 1878.)
2625:. Vol. II. The Frankish period 1192–1432. Cambridge University.
1151:
descendants continued to rule as kings of Jerusalem until 1268 when
3761:
3513:
2843:
2750:
2601:
Latin Cyprus and its Relations with the Mamluk Sultanate, 1250-1517
1301:
1280:
1143:, although it lasted longer in the Kingdom of Jerusalem and in the
995:
824:
607:
353:
3465:
2690:
982:, an upstart local governor, Byzantine Prince and self-proclaimed
2308:
A Study of Mixed Legal Systems: Endangered, Entrenched or Blended
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The Lusignan Kingdom of Cyprus and the Sea 13th-15th Centuries
1309:
1199:
1180:
902:
284:
1480:
45:
may be in need of reorganization to comply with Knowledge's
3738:
2452:"A Brief History of Cyprus - Byzantine Period (330 - 1191)"
2407:"How Richard, king of England, seized and conquered Cyprus"
2400:
1188:
2662:
1254:
design, 1218–1253 (left), and Cyprus Western-style silver
1007:
were rumours that Komnenos was secretly in agreement with
804:
that existed between 1192 and 1489. Initially ruled as an
2115:, but were claimed by the male line. See further under
1104:, with coat of arms at the centre. Early 14th century,
2047:
1088:
largely displaced it in stature and holding property.
908:
invaded Cyprus in force in the 650s, but in 688, the
2449:
1179:. However, the king was often in conflict with the
970:The island of Cyprus was conquered in 1191 by King
1388:and Syrians were concentrated in the foothills of
948:. The Byzantine emperor had an agreement with the
2614:The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades, 1191-1374
2171:Coat of arms of Lusignans as the Kings of Cyprus.
3776:
2573:
2519:
2259:
2257:
2255:
2253:
2251:
2249:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2135:
2663:Rogge; Sabine; Grünbart; Michael, eds. (2015).
2430:
2212:Mamluk campaign against Cyprus (disambiguation)
2183:Lusignans as the Kings of Cyprus and Jerusalem.
2665:Medieval Cyprus: A Place of Cultural Encounter
2638:
56:to make improvements to the overall structure.
3835:States and territories disestablished in 1489
3481:
2706:
2497:
2495:
2240:
1909:Co-ruler with her husband Louis (1459–1464).
1783:c. 1354 or 1357–13 October 1382 (aged 24–27)
1408:
761:
1266:Coin of the kingdom of Cyprus, 13th century.
1218:would be able to drive out the Genoese. The
935:This period lasted until the year 965, when
91:
3630:County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos
2515:
2513:
2123:briefly entertained the idea of setting up
105:
3830:States and territories established in 1192
3488:
3474:
2713:
2699:
2492:
2117:Cypriot claimants under Kings of Jerusalem
2039:Wife of James II and mother of James III.
1347:making up the majority of the population.
768:
754:
198:
2374:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2334:
2332:
2330:
2263:
1754:9 October 1328–17 January 1369 (aged 40)
72:Learn how and when to remove this message
2629:
2534:
2510:
2348:
2310:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 216.
2111:and several others. The rights diverted
2024:25 November 1454–10 July 1510 (aged 55)
1261:
1241:
1095:
857:
2501:
2207:Grand Officers of the Kingdom of Cyprus
2000:Son of James II and Catherine Cornaro.
1368:, whilst Italians were concentrated in
1202:merchants, under the leadership of the
1135:, who brought the struggle between the
14:
3777:
2611:
2595:Art in the Court of the Lusignan Kings
2327:
2305:
1991:6 August 1473–26 August 1474 (aged 1)
1718:c. 1295–24 November 1358 (aged 62–63)
1405:and the political vacuum that ensued.
1338:
3469:
2694:
2522:Cyprus: Society and Culture 1191-1374
2504:Cyprus: Society and Culture 1191-1374
1565:3 May 1217–18 January 1253 (aged 35)
1376:in the 1270s and 1280s and the final
2620:
1961:c. 1438/9–10 July 1473 (aged 34–36)
1898:28 June 1444–16 July 1487 (aged 43)
1527:1194/5–10 January 1218 (aged 22–23)
878:, Cyprus came under the rule of the
823:, but it also had a foothold on the
505:
29:
3495:
2720:
2048:Pretenders of the Kingdom of Cyprus
1868:16 May 1418–28 July 1458 (aged 40)
1813:1334–9 September 1398 (aged 63–64)
1628:c. 1235–24 March 1284 (aged 48–49)
1230:, was forced to sell the island to
862:Ayia Paraskevi Byzantine church in
819:. It comprised not only the entire
811:, it was established by the French
24:
3189:2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis
2587:
2409:. cyprusexplorer.globalfolio.net.
2127:, the brother-in-law of England's
2125:Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers
1940:Co-ruler with his wife Charlotte.
1689:June 1270–31 March 1324 (aged 53)
1493:c. 1153–1 April 1205 (aged 51–52)
1459:c. 1150–18 July 1194 (aged 43–44)
1206:. Cyprus therefore sided with the
1091:
1049:
843:
25:
3846:
3353:Greek Cypriots in Northern Cyprus
2672:
2630:Kyriacou, Chrysovalantis (2018).
2377:"Richard the Lionheart in Cyprus"
952:to close Cypriot harbours to the
3569:
2958:
2678:
2188:
2176:
2164:
2010:
1977:
1947:
1884:
1829:
1799:
1740:
1675:
1547:
1513:
1479:
1445:
1133:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
959:
800:) was a medieval kingdom of the
737:
589:
537:
512:
506:Cyprus under the Knights Templar
498:
484:
182:
172:
148:
141:
34:
2567:
2528:
2458:from the original on 2020-10-08
2413:from the original on 2012-06-02
2383:from the original on 2012-09-15
2357:from the original on 2017-04-05
2157:
1925:June 1436–April 1482 (aged 45)
1843:1375–29 June 1432 (aged 56–57)
966:Conquest of Cyprus by Richard I
3701:Livonian Brothers of the Sword
3588:Latin Empire of Constantinople
2469:
2443:
2424:
2394:
2368:
2299:
2224:
1659:c. 1268–20 May 1285 (aged 17)
13:
1:
3635:Lordship of Argos and Nauplia
2217:
2136:Titles of the Kings of Cyprus
2069:Baron di Baccari (Tal-Baqqar)
1970:Illegitimate son of John II.
1418:
1372:. The losses suffered by the
1171:Like Jerusalem, Cyprus had a
1166:
886:, while still subject to the
1122:Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor
872:division of the Roman Empire
7:
3820:Former monarchies of Europe
3683:State of the Teutonic Order
3556:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
2454:. whatson-northcyprus.com.
2200:
874:into an eastern half and a
831:between 1361 and 1373, and
520:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
338:Greek Orthodox Christianity
231:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
10:
3851:
2981:Cities, towns and villages
2605:Coureas, Nicholas (2017).
2599:Coureas, Nicholas (2016).
2524:. BRILL. pp. 103–104.
2506:. BRILL. pp. 103–104.
2275:Cambridge University Press
2267:Literature of the Crusades
1412:
1409:List of monarchs of Cyprus
1237:
963:
847:
838:
3815:Former monarchies of Asia
3747:
3668:
3578:
3567:
3512:
3503:
3427:
3395:
3333:
3273:
3210:
3201:
3144:
3135:
3042:
3033:
2976:
2967:
2956:
2862:
2824:
2796:Achaemenid Persian Empire
2776:
2741:
2732:
2612:Edbury, Peter W. (1991).
2574:Filip Van Tricht (2011),
2553:10.1017/S0009840X00061370
2535:Runciman, Steven (1933).
2450:whatson-northcyprus.com.
2283:10.1017/9781787441736.011
850:Cyprus in the Middle Ages
553:
463:
449:
445:
435:
425:
421:
411:
403:
399:
386:
373:
369:
359:
344:
324:
280:
270:
213:
197:
162:Bottom: Flag according to
137:
132:
86:
3620:Duchy of the Archipelago
2593:Carr, Annemarie (1995).
2403:Benedict of Peterborough
2351:"Cyprus under Richard I"
1729:Guy of Poitiers-Lusignan
1608:Hugh of Antioch-Lusignan
1415:List of Cypriot consorts
1222:then made the kingdom a
1043:Chronicle of Meaux Abbey
941:Isaac Komnenos of Cyprus
920:ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān
896:First Council of Ephesus
3600:Kingdom of Thessalonica
3534:Principality of Antioch
3506:List of Crusader states
3215:Cypriot nationality law
2616:. Cambridge University.
2487:Encyclopædia Britannica
2438:, Yale University Press
2090:Yolande Louise of Savoy
1214:, in the hope that the
1157:Conrad III of Jerusalem
1137:Guelphs and Ghibellines
835:between 1361 and 1448.
259:Tributary state of the
249:Tributary state of the
239:Tributary state of the
229:Tributary state of the
18:List of kings of Cyprus
3800:15th century in Cyprus
3795:14th century in Cyprus
3790:13th century in Cyprus
3722:Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek
3625:Triarchy of Negroponte
3605:Principality of Achaea
3593:Duchy of Philippopolis
2911:Intercommunal violence
2761:Cypro-Minoan syllabary
1590:1252/3–1267 (aged 14)
1267:
1259:
1113:
867:
797:
789:
437:• Disestablished
106:
92:
3712:Bishopric of Courland
3707:Archbishopric of Riga
2916:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
2621:Hill, George (1948).
2152:Lord of the Mountains
2094:Philibert II of Savoy
1540:Walter of Montbéliard
1504:Hugh VIII of Lusignan
1470:Hugh VIII of Lusignan
1395:Greek Cypriot dialect
1265:
1245:
1099:
932:was always restored.
861:
329:Catholic Christianity
288:(official/ceremonial)
281:Common languages
225:(1192–1198/1268–1372)
119:Βασίλειο της Κύπρου (
3522:Kingdom of Jerusalem
3375:Settlers from Turkey
3325:World Heritage Sites
2936:Cypriot S-300 crisis
2687:at Wikimedia Commons
2541:The Classical Review
2489:, accessed May 2007.
2306:Farran, Sue (2014).
2277:. pp. 158–172.
1936:Louis, Duke of Savoy
1907:Daughter of John II.
1733:Nephew of Henry II.
1603:Plaisance of Antioch
1399:Assizes of Jerusalem
1072:Kingdom of Jerusalem
1066:, as well as inland
1056:Richard I of England
972:Richard I of England
946:William II of Sicily
882:. At that time, its
880:Eastern Roman Empire
165:Book of All Kingdoms
155:Top: Royal banner of
3717:Bishopric of Dorpat
3648:Knights Hospitaller
2786:Neo-Assyrian Empire
2623:A History of Cyprus
2084:Charles II of Savoy
2056:, who married the "
2054:Thierry of Flanders
1643:Nephew of Henry I.
1339:Society and culture
937:Niketas Chalkoutzes
427:• Established
126:Vasíleio tis Kýprou
54:editing the article
3757:Crusading movement
3653:Hospitaller Rhodes
3615:Duchy of Neopatras
3169:Telecommunications
2892:Post-1878 overview
2634:. Lexington Books.
2481:2008-06-22 at the
2121:Republic of Venice
2100:Philip II of Savoy
2078:Charles I of Savoy
2065:James II of Cyprus
1268:
1260:
1258:1285–1324 (right).
1153:Hugh III of Cyprus
1114:
1074:. The independent
868:
3785:Kingdom of Cyprus
3772:
3771:
3739:Free City of Riga
3561:Kingdom of Cyprus
3551:County of Tripoli
3463:
3462:
3423:
3422:
3387:Maronite Cypriots
3382:Armenian Cypriots
3235:COVID-19 pandemic
3197:
3196:
3131:
3130:
3118:Political parties
3084:Foreign relations
3029:
3028:
2954:
2953:
2875:Cyprus Convention
2806:Ptolemaic dynasty
2791:Ten city-kingdoms
2766:Cypriot syllabary
2685:Kingdom of Cyprus
2683:Media related to
2147:King of Jerusalem
2045:
2044:
2030:26 February 1489
2004:Catherine Cornaro
1846:9 September 1398
1819:9 September 1398
1757:24 November 1358
1724:24 November 1358
1698:Son of Hugh III.
1668:Son of Hugh III.
1228:Catherine Cornaro
1204:Republic of Genoa
1145:Holy Roman Empire
1102:House of Lusignan
910:Byzantine emperor
813:House of Lusignan
809:Christian kingdom
790:Royaume de Chypre
782:Kingdom of Cyprus
778:
777:
744:Cyprus portal
658:Kingdom of Cyprus
628:Ten city-kingdoms
563:
562:
549:
548:
545:
544:
525:
524:
393:Catherine Cornaro
388:• 1474–1489
375:• 1192–1194
304:
297:
296:(native language)
289:
251:Republic of Genoa
241:Holy Roman Empire
221:Christian kingdom
93:Royaume de Chypre
88:Kingdom of Cyprus
82:
81:
74:
47:layout guidelines
16:(Redirected from
3842:
3825:Island countries
3805:Christian states
3732:Order of Dobrzyń
3660:Genoese colonies
3573:
3539:County of Edessa
3490:
3483:
3476:
3467:
3466:
3443:
3436:
3360:Turkish Cypriots
3208:
3207:
3142:
3141:
3040:
3039:
2974:
2973:
2962:
2921:Turkish invasion
2834:Byzantine Cyprus
2739:
2738:
2715:
2708:
2701:
2692:
2691:
2682:
2668:
2659:
2635:
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2362:
2353:. cypnet.co.uk.
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2261:
2238:
2232:Cilician Armenia
2228:
2192:
2180:
2168:
2092:(1496–1499) and
2058:damsel of Cyprus
2014:
1981:
1951:
1888:
1852:Son of James I.
1833:
1822:Son of Hugh IV.
1816:13 October 1382
1803:
1792:Son of Peter I.
1789:13 October 1382
1786:17 January 1369
1763:Son of Hugh IV.
1760:17 January 1369
1744:
1679:
1639:Henry of Antioch
1599:Son of Henry I.
1593:18 January 1253
1571:18 January 1253
1568:10 January 1218
1551:
1533:10 January 1218
1517:
1483:
1449:
1419:
1275:and the capital
1141:Battle of Agridi
1079:Church of Cyprus
1076:Eastern Orthodox
988:Byzantine Empire
888:Christian Church
821:island of Cyprus
770:
763:
756:
742:
741:
740:
705:History by topic
593:
583:
565:
564:
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528:
516:
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487:
481:
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261:Mamluk Sultanate
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21:
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3810:Former kingdoms
3775:
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3768:
3752:Military orders
3743:
3672:
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3610:Duchy of Athens
3574:
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3508:
3499:
3497:Crusader states
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3464:
3459:
3446:
3439:
3432:
3419:
3391:
3329:
3269:
3260:Public holidays
3193:
3127:
3067:Northern Cyprus
3025:
2963:
2950:
2858:
2820:
2816:Diaspora revolt
2772:
2728:
2719:
2675:
2590:
2588:Further reading
2585:
2584:
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2568:
2533:
2529:
2518:
2511:
2500:
2493:
2483:Wayback Machine
2474:
2470:
2461:
2459:
2448:
2444:
2432:John Gillingham
2429:
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2416:
2414:
2399:
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2386:
2384:
2375:Melissa Snell.
2373:
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2184:
2181:
2172:
2169:
2160:
2138:
2104:Janus of Cyprus
2050:
2038:
2027:26 August 1474
1997:26 August 1474
1939:
1928:7 October 1459
1908:
1777:
1732:
1642:
1622:
1606:
1574:Son of Hugh I.
1559:
1536:Son of Aimery.
1417:
1411:
1374:Crusader States
1341:
1250:, derived from
1240:
1224:tributary state
1177:House of Ibelin
1169:
1118:Guy of Lusignan
1094:
1092:Guy and Amalric
1052:
1050:Knights Templar
1029:Guy of Lusignan
968:
962:
950:sultan of Egypt
856:
854:Theme of Cyprus
848:Main articles:
846:
844:Medieval Cyprus
841:
802:Crusader states
774:
738:
736:
731:
730:
721:Ancient pottery
706:
698:
697:
683:
673:
672:
663:Venetian Cyprus
653:Theme of Cyprus
648:
638:
637:
623:
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612:
603:
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574:
538:
533:Venetian Cyprus
513:
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492:Theme of Cyprus
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380:Guy of Lusignan
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206:medieval Cyprus
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158:Janus of Cyprus
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52:Please help by
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5:
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3694:Livonian Order
3691:
3689:Teutonic Order
3679:
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3343:Greek Cypriots
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3271:
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3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3246:
3245:
3244:hybrid variant
3227:
3222:
3217:
3211:
3205:
3199:
3198:
3195:
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3191:
3186:
3181:
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3166:
3164:Stock Exchange
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3075:
3074:
3072:UN resolutions
3069:
3062:Cyprus dispute
3059:
3054:
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2931:Cyprus dispute
2928:
2923:
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2908:
2901:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2880:British Cyprus
2877:
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2710:
2703:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2674:
2673:External links
2671:
2670:
2669:
2660:
2640:William Stubbs
2636:
2627:
2618:
2609:
2603:
2597:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2580:, pp. 440–442.
2566:
2527:
2509:
2491:
2468:
2442:
2423:
2393:
2367:
2349:cypnet.co.uk.
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2142:King of Cyprus
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2129:King Edward IV
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1994:6 August 1473
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1877:Son of Janus.
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1721:31 March 1324
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1695:31 March 1324
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1662:24 March 1284
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1634:24 March 1284
1632:
1631:December 1267
1629:
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1624:Hugh the Great
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1596:December 1267
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1359:Constantinople
1345:Greek Cypriots
1340:
1337:
1239:
1236:
1208:Avignon Papacy
1168:
1165:
1147:. Frederick's
1093:
1090:
1083:Roman Catholic
1051:
1048:
1013:Constantinople
980:Isaac Komnenos
964:Main article:
961:
958:
917:Umayyad caliph
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842:
840:
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728:
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718:
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699:
696:
695:
693:Cyprus problem
690:
688:British Cyprus
684:
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675:
674:
671:
670:
668:Ottoman Cyprus
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62:November 2018
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
32:
31:
19:
3727:Dobrzyń Land
3643:Stato da Màr
3560:
3410:Coat of arms
3335:Demographics
3179:Trade unions
3089:Human rights
3052:Constitution
2946:EU accession
2903:
2896:
2870:Ottoman rule
2848:
2811:Roman Cyprus
2664:
2647:
2631:
2622:
2613:
2575:
2569:
2544:
2540:
2530:
2521:
2503:
2486:
2471:
2460:. Retrieved
2445:
2435:
2426:
2415:. Retrieved
2396:
2385:. Retrieved
2370:
2359:. Retrieved
2321:
2307:
2301:
2266:
2226:
2158:Coat of Arms
2141:
2112:
2033:Daughter of
2018:
1985:
1955:
1919:
1892:
1862:
1837:
1807:
1778:
1773:
1748:
1712:
1704:(1306–1310)
1692:20 May 1285
1683:
1665:20 May 1285
1653:
1623:
1618:
1610:(1261–1267)
1584:
1560:
1555:
1542:(1205–1210)
1521:
1487:
1453:
1431:Reign Start
1378:Fall of Acre
1363:
1342:
1333:Bardi family
1317:Fall of Acre
1314:
1269:
1246:Cyprus gold
1212:Great Schism
1197:
1193:fall of Acre
1172:
1170:
1149:Hohenstaufen
1126:
1115:
1086:Latin Church
1053:
1041:
1037:capital levy
1034:
1021:
1017:
969:
934:
929:
923:
913:Justinian II
900:
876:western half
869:
798:Regnum Cypri
781:
779:
657:
474:Succeeded by
473:
468:
180:Coat of arms
125:
107:Regnum Cypri
68:
59:
44:
3365:Linobambaki
3149:Agriculture
3094:LGBT rights
2996:Earthquakes
2839:Arab Empire
2756:Eteocypriot
2743:Prehistoric
2650:: 156–207.
2086:(1490–1496)
1605:(1253–1261)
1354:Black Death
974:during the
925:condominium
890:, was made
806:independent
726:Earthquakes
716:Ancient art
601:Prehistoric
580:History of
469:Preceded by
416:Middle Ages
404:Legislature
265:(1426–1489)
255:(1372–1426)
245:(1229–1268)
235:(1198–1229)
218:Independent
208:(1192–1489)
3779:Categories
3305:Literature
3057:Corruption
2941:Annan Plan
2667:. Waxmann.
2656:Q107247875
2462:2012-08-23
2417:2012-08-15
2387:2012-08-15
2361:2012-08-15
2218:References
2096:(d. 1504)
1440:Regent(s)
1434:Reign End
1413:See also:
1403:King Janus
1191:after the
1173:Haute Cour
1167:Governance
1054:When King
1004:Berengaria
1002:and bride
930:status quo
870:After the
864:Yeroskipou
827:mainland:
815:after the
407:Haute Cour
346:Government
300:Old French
204:Cities of
3225:Education
3220:Languages
3184:Transport
3123:President
3079:Elections
3011:Mountains
2991:Districts
2969:Geography
2885:Governors
2642:(1886). "
2561:1464-3561
2547:(1): 43.
2440:, p. 152.
2436:Richard I
2271:Cambridge
2236:Jerusalem
2019:Catherine
1986:James III
1893:Charlotte
1428:Lifespan
1386:Armenians
1382:Maronites
1370:Famagusta
1306:Catalonia
1273:Famagusta
1252:Byzantine
1195:in 1291.
1064:Famagusta
954:Crusaders
825:Anatolian
633:Roman Era
340:(popular)
325:Religion
303:(popular)
133:1192–1489
3762:Crusades
3640:Venetian
3450:Category
3370:diaspora
3348:diaspora
3265:Religion
3101:Military
3035:Politics
3021:Wildlife
2926:Refugees
2844:Crusades
2826:Medieval
2726:articles
2652:Wikidata
2479:Archived
2456:Archived
2434:(1999),
2411:Archived
2381:Archived
2355:Archived
2201:See also
1956:James II
1774:Peter II
1684:Henry II
1619:Hugh III
1422:Picture
1331:and the
1310:the East
1302:Provence
1281:Limassol
1220:Mameluks
1161:Henry II
996:Limassol
915:and the
898:in 431.
866:, Cyprus
711:Timeline
646:Medieval
608:Alashiya
571:a series
569:Part of
450:Currency
354:monarchy
319:Armenian
3675:Livonia
3670:Prussia
3527:vassals
3434:Outline
3397:Symbols
3293:Cuisine
3275:Culture
3255:Poverty
3203:Society
3174:Tourism
3137:Economy
3001:Islands
2986:Climate
2849:Kingdom
2778:Ancient
2751:Alasiya
2734:History
2578:, Brill
2476:"Cyprus
2401:Pseudo-
2113:de jure
1934:Son of
1863:John II
1808:James I
1749:Peter I
1727:Son of
1713:Hugh IV
1702:Amalric
1637:Son of
1585:Hugh II
1556:Henry I
1502:Son of
1468:Son of
1366:Nicosia
1329:Peruzzi
1325:camlets
1321:samites
1289:Kyrenia
1277:Nicosia
1238:Economy
1210:in the
1200:Genoese
1181:Italian
1068:Nicosia
1060:bezants
1009:Saladin
986:of the
984:emperor
978:, from
906:Muslims
894:by the
839:History
833:Corycus
829:Antalya
621:Ancient
382:(first)
307:Italian
275:Nicosia
271:Capital
3580:Greece
3544:Marash
3514:Levant
3455:Portal
3405:Anthem
3288:Cinema
3230:Health
3159:Energy
3113:Police
3016:Rivers
2905:Taksim
2898:Enosis
2863:Modern
2724:
2722:Cyprus
2654:
2559:
2314:
2289:
1654:John I
1522:Hugh I
1488:Aimery
1437:Notes
1349:Greeks
1308:) and
1298:Venice
1285:Paphos
1248:bezant
1232:Venice
1216:French
1185:Africa
1106:Cyprus
884:bishop
786:French
681:Modern
582:Cyprus
573:on the
558:Cyprus
395:(last)
365:
351:Feudal
315:Arabic
311:French
214:Status
167:(1350)
110:
100:French
96:
3441:Index
3320:Sport
3315:Music
3310:Media
3239:Delta
3154:Banks
3106:Chief
3006:Lakes
1964:1464
1931:1464
1920:Louis
1904:1464
1838:Janus
1462:1192
1425:Name
1294:Genoa
794:Latin
292:Greek
285:Latin
188:]
184:[
121:Greek
114:Latin
3673:and
3415:Flag
3298:Wine
3250:Name
3242:cron
3237:and
2557:ISSN
2312:ISBN
2287:ISBN
2234:and
1323:and
1287:and
1256:gros
1189:Asia
1187:and
1025:Acre
1000:Joan
903:Arab
901:The
852:and
780:The
458:gros
441:1489
431:1192
361:King
3283:Art
2646:".
2549:doi
2279:doi
1454:Guy
3781::
3685:*
2555:.
2545:47
2543:.
2539:.
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