811:(1205–1218). He participated in the useless 5th crusade, and died suddenly in Tripoli. Maria Komnene, dowager queen of Jerusalem, and a daughter of a former Byzantine dux of Cyprus, conducted the negotiations for the marriage of her granddaughter Alisia of Jerusalem to Hugh I of Cyprus, king Aimery's eldest surviving son and successor, in accordance with the agreement their fathers had reached. Champagne's regentess, Blanche of Navarre, supplied Alisia's dowry as she sought to ensure that Alisia would stay in Cyprus rather than attempting to lay claim to Champagne and Brie. Alisia and Hugh I married in the first half of 1210, with Alisia receiving the County of Jaffa as the agreed dowry. Hugh's marriage with
144:
486:
1863:
292:
22:
438:. The latter was very much impressed and he not only confirmed the independence of the Church of Cyprus but he also gave to the Archbishop in perpetuity three privileges that are as much alive today as they were then, namely to carry a sceptre instead of a pastoral staff, to sign with red ink and to wear a purple cloak during services. By the beginning of the 7th century, the patriarch of Alexandria was
1077:. Apparently the troops had no water, so they drank wine instead and became rather intoxicated. When a Mameluk embassy was sent, it was treacherously killed by Janus' men. The outraged mameluks slaughtered the inebriated, enfeebled, soldiers under Janus. They then proceeded to expose the hoax of the levitating cross at the
1032:
between the
Venetians and the Genoese. The dispute arose over who would lead the king's horse on the right side; traditionally it belonged to the Genoese but now the Venetians took it. Many Genoese were killed in the riot, and the Italian city responded harshly. In 1374, the island surrendered to the
1169:
while walking with her uncle who purposely dropped an image of her. The two were wed by proxy, and
Caterina was adopted by the Venetian state, securing the passage of the island to the signory. James died in 1473, and his short-lived son the next year, and the Venetians were eyed with suspicion. In
1152:
in 1458 was recognized as Queen regent, and James fled to Egypt. The two were said to have had a fairly good relationship, and it is probably very much due to the church that this political conflict arose between them. James convinced the
Egyptian Sultan to aid him, promising loyalty to Egypt, and
686:
requested that
Berengaria deboard, which she refused, and upon her own refusal was denied supplies from Comnenus. Richard took this as an insult and attacked the island which was easily subdued. Comnenus was bound to lend aid to Richard in his crusade against Saladin, an oath which he later broke,
497:
became caliph after Umar's death, Mu'awiya requested that the caliph allow him to build a navy to attack Cyprus, as Mu'awiya reasoned that Cyprus had become a satellite island of
Byzantine forces which could threaten the caliphate on the western banks of Palestine. 'Ubadah, along with veteran
1101:), and "captains" in Morphou, Limassol, Lefka and Peristerona. It took the Frankish nobility more than 6 months to defeat the rebels and Re Alexis was eventually hanged. Ten months after the battle at Khirokitia, Janus was ransomed back, and Cyprus was now ruled by the
534:
and Umm Haram. Umm Haram died in an accident during the campaign. The Muslim forces accepted Cyprus' surrender under the condition that they refrain from hostility to the
Muslims, inform the caliphate of any Byzantine movements, pay 7,200 dinars annually for
365:. The cities of Cyprus were destroyed by two successive earthquakes in 332 and 342 AD and this marked the end of an era and at the same time the beginning of a new one, very much connected with modern life in Cyprus. Most of the cities were not rebuilt, save
823:
Henry I became king at the age of 8 months, when his father died. The official regency was undertaken by Henry's mother Alice, but the acting regent was Henry's uncle Philip of Ibelin, who had Henry crowned at the age of 8, to ward off advances from
878:(1253–1267) who came upon the throne while only a few months of age. Plaisance acted as his regent, and is described by one chronicler as "one of the most valiant women in the world". She appeared at Acre, now erupting into virtual war between the
835:
When Henry was 12, Emperor
Frederick seized the regency, taking it by force from John of Ibelin. However, when Frederick left the island of Cyprus, the popular John of Ibelin rallied forces from the Outremer, and retook the island, which began the
542:
Mu'awiya and 'Ubadah forces pacified almost every
Byzantine garrison. This is evidenced by two Greek inscriptions in the Cypriot village of Solois that note those two offensives. The entire island of Cyprus surrendered after their capital,
638:
imperial house, rose in rebellion and attempted to seize the throne. His attempted coup was unsuccessful, but
Komnenos was able to retain control of the island. Byzantine actions against Komnenos failed because he enjoyed the support of
392:
and due to this, some alterations were made during the rebuilding. The palaestra was turned into a meeting place and many architectural elements was used to erect spacious churches decorated with murals, mosaics, and coloured marble.
758:
passed up the position of ruler, so Guy was succeeded by his older brother Aimery (1194–1205). During his reign, the Latin church took over the dioceses of the
Orthodox, creating a long-standing dispute that also characterized the
738:
as a result, and was willing to buy Cyprus. The crusaders described him as "simplex et minus astutus", though he did set the foundation of Cypriot society in the Lusignan period. He invited Palestinian barons, disenfranchised by
514:. Together with Mu'awiya, they built the first caliphate armada with permission from ibn al-Affan. Abu Dharr mentioned that Miqdad ibn Amr al-Aswad participated in this project. Shortly later, Mu'awiya and 'Ubadah departed from
510:, all participated in building the caliphate's first Naval armada, led by Mu'awiya. Before he joined Mu'awiya's project to build first naval forces of the caliphate, 'Ubadah joined forces with Muslim general,
714:, who were unable to hold the island because of further hostility among the local population due to tax raising. A rebellion which took place on April 6, 1192 made the Templars sell the island to
1523:
1165:, and was solidly placed on the throne in 1464. Charlotte had unsuccessfully tried to secure aid from outside, including from the pope. According to legend, James fell in love with his wife
1974:
1133:, his mistress. Supposedly in a fight between these two in the king's presence, the queen bit off her adversary's nose. As the queen was Greek, she was well loved by the Cypriots and the
996:
merchants, but proved successful (at least in gathering booty). He toured Europe in order to gather support for his love of crusading, but found their promises unfulfilled. He sacked
1178:, that was put down by the Venetians. In 1479, the party of Queen Charlotte plotted to assassinate the queen, but it was betrayed and quashed. Due also to the looming threat of the
1787:
787:. Though in name only, this title was something the Lusignan kings were very proud of as it appears on the Cypriot coat of arms. After some skirmishing in Acre with the
596:
ravaged the island for four months and carried off many captives. The isolation of Cyprus from the rest of the Greek-speaking world assisted the formation of a separate
867:. Gregory's autobiography gives valuable information on the transition from Byzantine to Lusignan rule and its impact on the local population and especially education.
863:
At about that time, a Cypriot youngster in search of a better education would travel to the empire of Nicaea and eventually become Patriarch of Constantinople as
462:. They conquered the capital Salamis - Constantia after a brief siege, but drafted a treaty with the local rulers. In the course of this expedition a relative of
687:
and Richard had him bound in silver chains (as he swore not to bind Comnenus in iron) and kept prisoner till his death in 1194 or 1195. The Cypriot chronicler
973:
merchants became notoriously rich, and the island as a whole became known for its wealth. Hugh enjoyed a peaceful reign, and preferred to stay on the island.
2558:
2390:
1069:(1398–1432), though also called the fat was described as "tall and good looking". He unsuccessfully tried to drive the Genoese from Famagusta. In 1426 the
1520:
1089:
in the 4th century. Janus was taken to Egypt and paraded around backwards on a donkey in humiliation. At the same time according to the chronicle of
852:("the fat" as he was called, for his easy going manner) played no part in these struggles, but when of age he participated in the 7th crusade under
894:, and the Hospitallers. By backing the Venetians, she hoped to have her son recognized as the King of Jerusalem, but the title had little value.
696:
547:, was surrounded and besieged. At least 50 military operations occurred in Cyprus between this first campaign in 648 until the last one in 650.
2464:
1445:
1004:. He was driven out, but had he held it would have been a very valuable outpost. He was murdered by his nobles, but left a very devoted wife
2694:
1883:
941:, and in 1286 he was crowned at Tyre for the kingdom of Jerusalem only to see it fall to Egyptian Mameluk sultan. In 1306, Henry's brother
320:
710:
The army of Richard the Lionheart continued to occupy Cyprus and raised taxes. After local revolts he decided to sell the island to the
86:
1148:
dynasty. James "the bastard", as he was called, was well loved by John, who made him archbishop of the island at a very young age. Yet
815:(daughter of Henry of Champagne and queen Isabella I of Jerusalem) produced only one son, Henry I (1218–1253), but also two daughters.
39:
1468:Προσωπογραφικό σημείωμα για τον απελευθερωτή της Κύπρου Νικήτα Χαλκούτζη και για τη χρονολογία ανακατάληψης της μεγαλονήσου (965 μ.Χ.)
917:
were pushing from the east and offered a chance of alliance against the Egyptian Sultan, but the eternally feuding powers of Medieval
58:
2008:
561:
reached an unprecedented agreement. The Arabs evacuated the island, and for the next 300 years, Cyprus was ruled jointly by both the
2383:
844:, the much smaller force of Ibelins won a surprising victory over the imperial forces, and the efforts of Frederick, known as the
1615:
969:
made it unnecessary for the island to waste its money on its defense. It also made the island the center for Oriental trade, and
65:
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2227:
2091:
1848:
864:
829:
401:
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Richard saw this sale as advantageous to himself, as the island wasn't worth the trouble to him, as Guy had been captured by
413:
2444:
233:
72:
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Genoese under terms of tribute, payment for damages, and loss of Famagusta to the Genoese, effectively ending prosperity.
530:, Mu'awiya and 'Ubadah led the attack and were accompanied by their wives Katwa bint Qaraza ibn Abd Amr of the Qurayshite
2835:
2376:
2277:
2020:
1093:
Cypriot serfs rebelled against the Franks and established "Re Alexis" as a king in Lefkonoiko (the word Re means king in
143:
2420:
1541:
1005:
54:
2255:
482:, the Arabs returned in 650 and installed a garrison of 12,000 on part of the island, where they remained until 680.
105:
2740:
2684:
691:
gave Richard the epithet of "the wretch". Richard married Berengaria in Limassol on 12 May 1192. She was crowned as
2730:
2343:
1628:
1182:, Venice used the Queen's brother to convince her to abdicate the throne in 1489, ushering in the Venetian period.
825:
2368:
2722:
2717:
1359:
The History of al-Tabari Vol. 15: The Crisis of the Early Caliphate: The Reign of 'Uthman A.D. 644-656/A.H. 24-35
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812:
566:
313:
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in Barnabas' own writing. Having the relics with him, Anthemius dashed to Constantinople and presented them to
43:
1049:. He was released on harsh terms, including the proviso that all ships coming into Cyprus land in now Genoese
1024:"the fat", (1369–1382), because of his lethargy, a riot broke out the coronation ceremony at the Cathedral of
2649:
2212:
1898:
1446:"Two hegemonies, one island: Cyprus as a "Middle Ground" between the Byzantines and the Arabs (650–850 A.D.)"
965:(1324–1359), who found himself in a new privileged position. The fall of the last coastal strongholds of the
913:, (1267–1284), taking from his mother's side in order to revive the Lusignan dynasty. The Christian-friendly
616:
led the reconquest, of which no details are known, and was probably the first governor of Cyprus after that.
278:
2454:
2786:
2654:
2634:
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1913:
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between the two parties on the mainland. The collected taxes were divided among the Arabs and the emperor.
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1986:
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263:
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123:
79:
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1918:
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The main event in Cyprus in this period was the spreading of the Christian faith. At that time, its
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984:(1359–1369), son of Hugh IV, may perhaps be the best known king of Cyprus. He is mentioned in
489:
The middle age depiction of Cyprus island, where 'Ubadah ibn al-Samit under Mu'awiya conquered
2066:
2051:
1996:
1903:
1818:
1384:
1357:
942:
934:
780:
735:
679:
377:
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2515:
2430:
2185:
1959:
1838:
1658:
966:
871:
776:
755:
671:
640:
539:, and never reveal information to outsiders regarding the caliphate's military operations.
499:
443:
412:. People were engaged very much in matters of faith, especially fighting the effort of the
358:
342:
1094:
799:. It is said that his eating too much fish in one sitting was his cause of death in 1205.
8:
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2127:
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1981:
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837:
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682:, whose ship had become separated from the fleet in a storm. Upon her arrival, the ruler
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In the year 965 or slightly earlier, the Byzantines reconquered the island and installed
527:
507:
494:
421:
385:
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2152:
1937:
1923:
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1141:
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1021:
1008:(supposedly he took her nightgown with him on his campaigns), who with the help of the
910:
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796:
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153:
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again regardless, and in destroying the gates found it impossible to hold against the
2759:
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511:
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439:
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1117:(1432–1458), was described as "effeminate, but not unattractive" and was reviled by
2808:
2539:
2473:
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2262:
2132:
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1828:
1736:
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1098:
1053:. The king also had to raise taxes in order to pay. He added the title the King of
930:
808:
764:
660:
593:
417:
362:
1551:"Cyprus and Its Legal and Historiographical Significance in Early Islamic History"
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1969:
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Humphrey, R. Stephen; Muhammad Tabari (January 1990). Humphrey, Stephen (ed.).
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1333:
The History of al-Tabari Vol. 14: The Conquest of Iran A.D. 641-643/A.H. 21-23
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2015:
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597:
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580:(r. 867–886) Byzantine troops recaptured Cyprus, which was established as a
2804:
2735:
2679:
2588:
2535:
2497:
2483:
2400:
2200:
1713:
1118:
1025:
845:
551:
523:
515:
354:
338:
185:
588:. Once again, in 911, the Cypriots helped a Byzantine fleet under admiral
2814:
2764:
2712:
2644:
2580:
2267:
1082:
624:
531:
442:
from Amathus. Another important Cypriot of the time is the church writer
667:, the Crusader army received supplies from Byzantine-controlled Cyprus.
420:
under his control. They were finally successful in 488, when Archbishop
2621:
2511:
1843:
1086:
1074:
997:
989:
585:
459:
428:
with the saint's body lying in a coffin and on his chest a copy of the
389:
1121:
as a vile evil sloth. He was dominated by two women in his life, both
670:
In the 12th century A.D. the island became a target of the crusaders.
369:
which was rebuilt on a smaller scale and renamed Constantia after the
2707:
1741:
1162:
1078:
1050:
1029:
970:
792:
731:
648:
562:
1550:
21:
2750:
2563:
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1746:
1653:
1145:
1102:
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635:
463:
425:
160:
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1420:
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threw this chance away, while Hugh tried to mediate with them in
914:
906:
740:
727:
467:
1862:
1800:
1624:
1122:
918:
879:
644:
600:. This period of Arab influence lasted until the 10th century.
555:
519:
449:
397:
334:
1324:
1046:
993:
950:
922:
891:
857:
795:, a treaty was granted in 1204 giving him some advantages in
455:
1536:(1953). "Cyprus between Byzantium and Islam, A.D. 688-965".
1389:. PTS Publications & Distributors Sdn Bhd. p. 176.
1161:
James won victories over the major forts, including Genoese
584:, but after seven years the island reverted to the previous
458:
made the first attack on the island under the leadership of
1041:
Peter succumbed to his lethargy, and the rule passed on to
883:
860:. His forces left behind were forced to surrender in 1250.
828:. When Philip died, the regency passed to Philip's brother
734:. Though released later, in 1192 he was ousted in favor of
627:, failed as they were quickly subdued by imperial forces.
937:(1285–1324). His reign and reputation suffered from his
1355:
466:, Umm-Haram, fell from her mule near the Salt Lake at
1521:
History of Cyprus - Middle Ages by Cypriot Government
949:, but Henry was restored in 1310. He is mentioned in
678:
on 1 June 1191 in search of his sister and his bride
654:
1410:
897:
When Plaisance died, Hugh of Antioch became regent.
498:
companions of Muhammad such as Miqdad Ibn al-Aswad,
470:
and was killed. She was buried at that spot and the
1425:
1335:. State University of New York Press. p. 164.
832:, who maintained it until Henry came of age at 15.
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1515:Excerpta Cypria. Materials for a History of Cyprus
1278:(original ed.). مكتبة العصيرية. p. 654.
718:(1192–1194) who established himself in May 1192.
2827:
1227:"Cyprus - Turkey, Greece, Conflict | Britannica"
747:over huge estates, using the Cypriots as serfs.
630:In 1185, the last Byzantine governor of Cyprus,
775:. He then regained officially the title of the
1299:
1140:Her daughter Charlotte and her opponent's son
1065:He was succeeded by the son of Peter the II.,
2384:
1609:
1144:would play huge roles in the collapse of the
988:'s canterbury tales. He led an expedition to
953:'s Paradiso, but it is not a nice reference.
314:
450:Arab conquest and Arab–Byzantine condominium
1472:Επετηρίς Κέντρου Μελετών Ιεράς Μονής Κύκκου
1045:(1382–1398), his uncle and now prisoner in
2391:
2377:
1616:
1602:
1382:
647:of Egypt to close Cypriot harbours to the
321:
307:
1174:on the island formed a revolt supporting
1073:raided the island, and Janus met them at
424:guided by a dream discovered the tomb of
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
1555:Journal of the American Oriental Society
1465:
1057:in 1393, though it was useless as well.
655:Crusades–Lusignan period 1095–1489
484:
1581:
1532:
1443:
1349:
1268:
933:(1284–1285), and then by his other son
870:Meanwhile, Henry takes as his 3rd wife
603:
2828:
1549:Lynch, Ryan J. (July–September 2016).
1310:. Elex Media Komputindo. p. 280.
830:John of Ibelin, the Old Lord of Beirut
2501:
2372:
1597:
1548:
1538:Studies presented to D.M. Robinson 11
1431:
1305:
807:The kingship then passed to his son,
743:to move on the island, granting them
592:, and in retaliation the Arabs under
414:Eastern Orthodox Patriarch of Antioch
2700:Palestine (Classical ~ Late Antique)
1376:
905:Hugh II died childless, and Hugh of
361:half, Cyprus came under the rule of
44:adding citations to reliable sources
15:
1623:
1513:Cobham, C. D. 1908 (reprint 1969).
1330:
1264:
1262:
1260:
1258:
1256:
348:
13:
2640:Lebanon (Classical ~ Late Antique)
2092:2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis
1542:Washington University in St. Louis
1085:, containing a piece deposited by
721:
703:. The crusader fleet continued to
643:. The emperor had agreed with the
14:
2847:
2576:Israel (Classical ~ Late Antique)
2256:Greek Cypriots in Northern Cyprus
1466:Savvides, Alexios G. C. (1993).
945:seized power and exiled Henry in
506:, Khalid bin Zayd al-Ansari, and
2765:Syria (Classical ~ Late Antique)
2507:Egypt (Classical ~ Late Antique)
1861:
1575:10.7817/jameroriesoci.136.3.0535
1567:10.7817/jameroriesoci.136.3.0535
1306:Indra, Gunawan (13 March 2014).
826:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
623:in 1042, and another in 1091 by
337:starts with the division of the
290:
142:
20:
1482:
1459:
1437:
1386:Muawiyah – Sebuah Biografi Awal
1197:Cyprus under the Ottoman Empire
767:also got Cyprus recognized as "
31:needs additional citations for
1244:
1219:
929:, succeeded by his oldest son
874:, who finally bears him a son
1:
1212:
961:Rule passed on to his nephew
771:", a title granted to him by
400:, while still subject to the
388:of the island. It was mainly
1534:Jenkins, Romilly James Heald
1506:Hunt, Sir David (ed.) 1994.
1492:– via www.youtube.com.
7:
1490:"First Crusade Part 2 of 2"
1362:. SUNY press. p. 285.
1185:
1015:
900:
773:Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI
634:, from a minor line of the
384:. The new city was now the
357:into an eastern half and a
55:"Cyprus in the Middle Ages"
10:
2852:
2836:Medieval history of Cyprus
1884:Cities, towns and villages
1587:Byzantine Cyprus, 491–1191
1500:
1108:
1036:
976:
956:
848:proved unsuccessful. King
818:
353:After the division of the
2412:
2330:
2298:
2236:
2176:
2113:
2104:
2047:
2038:
1945:
1936:
1879:
1870:
1859:
1765:
1727:
1699:Achaemenid Persian Empire
1679:
1644:
1635:
1589:. Cyprus Research Centre.
802:
750:
1467:
1156:
1153:landed, armed, in 1460.
1060:
856:to destroy the power of
684:Isaac Comnenus of Cyprus
619:A rebellion by governor
565:and the Byzantines as a
410:First Council of Ephesus
333:The Medieval history of
2118:Cypriot nationality law
1526:1 December 2005 at the
1275:Muawiyah bin Abi Sufyan
1012:pursued the assassins.
571:nearly constant warfare
2622:Late Antique/Medieval)
2465:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1814:Intercommunal violence
1664:Cypro-Minoan syllabary
1583:Metcalf, David Michael
1453:Reti Medievali Rivista
1176:Ferdinand II of Aragon
1105:as a tributary state.
1020:Upon the ascension of
578:Basil I the Macedonian
490:
2407:in modern territories
1819:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
1544:. pp. 1006–1014.
1308:Legenda 4 Umara Besar
1270:Sallabi, Ali Muhammad
1250:Nadvi (2000), pg. 522
781:Henry II of Champagne
736:Henry II of Champagne
672:Richard the Lionheart
488:
378:Constantine the Great
2278:Settlers from Turkey
2228:World Heritage Sites
1839:Cypriot S-300 crisis
1508:Footprints in Cyprus
1444:Zavagno, L. (2013).
967:Kingdom of Jerusalem
909:changed his name to
872:Plaisance of Antioch
756:Geoffrey of Lusignan
641:William II of Sicily
604:Byzantine reconquest
550:In 688, the emperor
444:Leontios of Neapolis
341:into an Eastern and
40:improve this article
2597:Sardinia (Classical
2470:Bulgaria (Classical
1689:Neo-Assyrian Empire
1478:. Nicosia: 371–378.
1383:Al Ghazali (2015).
1331:Rex, Smith (2015).
1127:Helena Palaiologina
838:War of the Lombards
813:Alisia of Jerusalem
621:Theophilos Erotikos
614:Niketas Chalkoutzes
528:Khalifa ibn Khayyat
508:Abu Ayyub al-Ansari
495:Uthman ibn al-Affan
474:was built there in
2516:Corsica (Classical
2436:Armenia (Classical
2417:Albania (Classical
2072:Telecommunications
1795:Post-1878 overview
1231:www.britannica.com
1192:Chronicle of Amadi
1131:Marietta de Patras
1091:Leontios Makhairas
854:Louis IX of France
663:, a battle of the
512:Abd Allah ibn Qays
491:
2823:
2822:
2805:Thrace (Classical
2797:Turkey (Classical
2589:Sicily (Classical
2536:Greece (Classical
2498:Cyprus (Classical
2484:Crimea (Classical
2479:Britain (England)
2366:
2365:
2326:
2325:
2290:Maronite Cypriots
2285:Armenian Cypriots
2138:COVID-19 pandemic
2100:
2099:
2034:
2033:
2021:Political parties
1987:Foreign relations
1932:
1931:
1857:
1856:
1778:Cyprus Convention
1709:Ptolemaic dynasty
1694:Ten city-kingdoms
1669:Cypriot syllabary
1396:978-967-411-446-6
1369:978-0-7914-0154-5
1342:978-1-4384-2039-4
1317:978-602-02-3477-9
1285:978-9953-34-717-2
1207:Kingdom of Cyprus
1202:History of Cyprus
1006:Eleanor of Aragon
890:and the Genoese,
842:Battle of Aghirda
777:King of Jerusalem
472:Hala Sultan Tekke
440:John the Merciful
431:Gospel of Matthew
331:
330:
297:Cyprus portal
211:Kingdom of Cyprus
181:Ten city-kingdoms
116:
115:
108:
90:
2843:
2751:Spain (Classical
2581:Italy (Classical
2544:Crete (Classical
2405:Byzantine Empire
2393:
2386:
2379:
2370:
2369:
2346:
2339:
2263:Turkish Cypriots
2111:
2110:
2045:
2044:
1943:
1942:
1877:
1876:
1865:
1824:Turkish invasion
1737:Byzantine Cyprus
1642:
1641:
1618:
1611:
1604:
1595:
1594:
1590:
1578:
1545:
1494:
1493:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1463:
1457:
1456:
1450:
1441:
1435:
1429:
1423:
1417:Sahih al-Bukhari
1414:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1380:
1374:
1373:
1353:
1347:
1346:
1328:
1322:
1321:
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1266:
1251:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1223:
1167:Caterina Cornaro
701:Bishop of Évreux
693:Queen of England
661:Siege of Antioch
594:Damian of Tarsus
500:Abu Dhar GhiFari
418:Church of Cyprus
349:Byzantine period
323:
316:
309:
295:
294:
293:
258:History by topic
146:
136:
118:
117:
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
2851:
2850:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2826:
2825:
2824:
2819:
2777:Early Medieval)
2690:The Netherlands
2601:Early Medieval)
2520:Early Medieval)
2408:
2399:History of the
2397:
2367:
2362:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2322:
2294:
2232:
2172:
2163:Public holidays
2096:
2030:
1970:Northern Cyprus
1928:
1866:
1853:
1761:
1723:
1719:Diaspora revolt
1675:
1631:
1622:
1528:Wayback Machine
1503:
1498:
1497:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1448:
1442:
1438:
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1401:
1399:
1397:
1381:
1377:
1370:
1354:
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1343:
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1325:
1318:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1288:
1286:
1267:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1235:
1233:
1225:
1224:
1220:
1215:
1188:
1159:
1135:orthodox church
1111:
1063:
1039:
1018:
992:that upset the
979:
959:
903:
888:Knights Templar
821:
805:
789:Sultan of Egypt
753:
724:
722:Guy de Lusignan
716:Guy de Lusignan
712:Knights Templar
705:St. Jean d'Acre
657:
606:
598:Cypriot dialect
522:. According to
504:Shadaad ibn Aws
452:
351:
327:
291:
289:
284:
283:
274:Ancient pottery
259:
251:
250:
236:
226:
225:
216:Venetian Cyprus
206:Theme of Cyprus
201:
191:
190:
176:
166:
165:
156:
134:
127:
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
2849:
2839:
2838:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2794:
2791:Roman Carthage
2784:
2779:
2767:
2762:
2757:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2720:
2715:
2710:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2624:
2612:
2604:
2578:
2573:
2561:
2556:
2551:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2509:
2504:
2495:
2490:
2481:
2476:
2474:High Medieval)
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2396:
2395:
2388:
2381:
2373:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2355:
2348:
2347:
2340:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2327:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2304:
2302:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2275:
2270:
2260:
2259:
2258:
2253:
2246:Greek Cypriots
2242:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2231:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2204:
2203:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2174:
2173:
2171:
2170:
2165:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2149:
2148:
2147:hybrid variant
2130:
2125:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2067:Stock Exchange
2064:
2059:
2054:
2048:
2042:
2036:
2035:
2032:
2031:
2029:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2012:
2011:
2001:
2000:
1999:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1978:
1977:
1975:UN resolutions
1972:
1965:Cyprus dispute
1962:
1957:
1952:
1946:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1880:
1874:
1868:
1867:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1834:Cyprus dispute
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1804:
1797:
1792:
1791:
1790:
1783:British Cyprus
1780:
1775:
1769:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1733:
1731:
1725:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1716:
1711:
1706:
1701:
1696:
1691:
1685:
1683:
1677:
1676:
1674:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1656:
1650:
1648:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1621:
1620:
1613:
1606:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1579:
1561:(3): 535–550.
1546:
1530:
1518:
1511:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1481:
1458:
1436:
1434:, p. 539.
1424:
1409:
1395:
1375:
1368:
1348:
1341:
1323:
1316:
1298:
1284:
1252:
1243:
1217:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1209:
1204:
1199:
1194:
1187:
1184:
1158:
1155:
1110:
1107:
1062:
1059:
1038:
1035:
1017:
1014:
978:
975:
958:
955:
902:
899:
820:
817:
804:
801:
752:
749:
723:
720:
656:
653:
632:Isaac Komnenos
612:. The general
605:
602:
569:, despite the
518:and headed to
454:In 649 AD the
451:
448:
382:Constantinople
380:, residing in
374:Constantius II
350:
347:
329:
328:
326:
325:
318:
311:
303:
300:
299:
286:
285:
282:
281:
276:
271:
266:
260:
257:
256:
253:
252:
249:
248:
246:Cyprus problem
243:
241:British Cyprus
237:
232:
231:
228:
227:
224:
223:
221:Ottoman Cyprus
218:
213:
208:
202:
197:
196:
193:
192:
189:
188:
183:
177:
172:
171:
168:
167:
164:
163:
157:
152:
151:
148:
147:
139:
138:
129:
128:
121:
114:
113:
28:
26:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2848:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2831:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2755:Late Antique)
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2650:Liechtenstein
2648:
2646:
2643:
2641:
2638:
2636:
2633:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2619:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2545:
2541:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2440:Late Antique)
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2418:
2415:
2414:
2411:
2406:
2402:
2394:
2389:
2387:
2382:
2380:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2359:
2356:
2354:
2351:
2350:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2334:
2333:
2329:
2319:
2316:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2303:
2301:
2297:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2274:
2271:
2269:
2266:
2265:
2264:
2261:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2146:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2131:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2037:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2002:
1998:
1995:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1968:
1967:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1950:Chief Justice
1948:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1925:
1922:
1920:
1917:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1869:
1864:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1809:
1805:
1803:
1802:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1774:
1771:
1770:
1768:
1764:
1758:
1757:Venetian rule
1755:
1753:
1750:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1715:
1712:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1704:Ionian Revolt
1702:
1700:
1697:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1682:
1678:
1670:
1667:
1665:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1619:
1614:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1543:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1529:
1525:
1522:
1519:
1516:
1512:
1509:
1505:
1504:
1491:
1485:
1477:
1473:
1462:
1454:
1447:
1440:
1433:
1428:
1422:
1418:
1413:
1398:
1392:
1388:
1387:
1379:
1371:
1365:
1361:
1360:
1352:
1344:
1338:
1334:
1327:
1319:
1313:
1309:
1302:
1287:
1281:
1277:
1276:
1271:
1265:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1247:
1232:
1228:
1222:
1218:
1208:
1205:
1203:
1200:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1183:
1181:
1180:Ottoman Turks
1177:
1173:
1168:
1164:
1154:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1129:his wife and
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1106:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1058:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1034:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
991:
987:
983:
974:
972:
968:
964:
954:
952:
948:
944:
940:
936:
932:
928:
925:. He died in
924:
920:
916:
912:
908:
898:
895:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
868:
866:
861:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
833:
831:
827:
816:
814:
810:
800:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
766:
762:
757:
748:
746:
745:feudal rights
742:
737:
733:
729:
719:
717:
713:
708:
706:
702:
698:
697:John Fitzluke
694:
690:
685:
681:
677:
673:
668:
666:
665:First Crusade
662:
652:
650:
646:
642:
637:
633:
628:
626:
622:
617:
615:
611:
601:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
557:
553:
548:
546:
540:
538:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
496:
487:
483:
481:
477:
476:Ottoman times
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
432:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
406:autocephalous
403:
399:
394:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
372:
371:Roman Emperor
368:
364:
360:
356:
346:
344:
340:
336:
324:
319:
317:
312:
310:
305:
304:
302:
301:
298:
288:
287:
280:
277:
275:
272:
270:
267:
265:
262:
261:
255:
254:
247:
244:
242:
239:
238:
235:
230:
229:
222:
219:
217:
214:
212:
209:
207:
204:
203:
200:
195:
194:
187:
184:
182:
179:
178:
175:
170:
169:
162:
159:
158:
155:
150:
149:
145:
141:
140:
137:
131:
130:
125:
120:
119:
110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
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2801:Medieval)
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840:. In the
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1146:Lusignan
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1103:Mameluks
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676:Limassol
636:Komnenos
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554:and the
478:. Under
464:Muhammad
426:Barnabas
264:Timeline
199:Medieval
161:Alashiya
124:a series
122:Part of
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919:Europe
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645:sultan
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345:half.
335:Cyprus
234:Modern
135:Cyprus
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2660:Malta
2645:Libya
2401:Roman
2344:Index
2223:Sport
2218:Music
2213:Media
2142:Delta
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2009:Chief
1909:Lakes
1571:JSTOR
1449:(PDF)
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1421:2788
1404:2020
1391:ISBN
1364:ISBN
1337:ISBN
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1293:2020
1280:ISBN
1238:2024
1097:and
927:Tyre
526:and
516:Acre
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2186:Art
1563:doi
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