1051:, 40,000 of which was to be paid immediately, while the remainder was to be paid in installments. One of the greatest military orders of medieval times, the Knights Templar were renowned for their remarkable financial power and vast holdings of land and property throughout Europe and the East. Their severity of rule in Cyprus quickly incurred the hatred of the native population. On Easter Day in 1192, the Cypriots attempted a massacre of their Templar rulers; however, due to prior knowledge of the attack and limited numbers of troops, the Knights had taken refuge in their stronghold at Nicosia. A siege ensued and the Templars, realizing their dire circumstances and their besiegers' reluctance to bargain, sallied out into the streets at dawn one morning, taking the Cypriots completely by surprise. The subsequent slaughter was merciless and widespread and though Templar rule was restored following the event, the military order was reluctant to continue rule and allegedly begged King Richard to take Cyprus back. King Richard took them up on the offer and the Templars returned to Syria, retaining but a few holdings on the island. A small minority Roman Catholic population of the island was mainly confined to some coastal cities, such as
1232:
2179:
163:
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2155:
139:
1109:, greatly increased to the point that he was ousted from his claim to the crown of Jerusalem. Since Guy was a long-time vassal of King Richard, the English king looked to strike two birds with one stone; by offering Guy de Lusignan the kingdom of Cyprus, he allowed his friend the opportunity to save face and keep some sort of power in the East whilst simultaneously ridding himself of a troublesome fief. It is unclear whether King Richard gave him the territory or sold it and it is highly unlikely that King Richard was ever paid, even if a deal was struck. In 1194, Guy de Lusignan died without any heirs and so his older brother, Amalric, became King Amalric I of Cyprus, a crown and title which was approved by
2120:(who was secretly negotiating a marriage to the Scottish princess Cecilia on Anthony's behalf), as a claimant by purchasing the rights of former Cypriot queens Charlotte and Catarina Cornaro. A convention in Venice of 1476 declared "Anthony Arnite" heir to the combined kingdom of Jerusalem-Cyprus but this came to nought when Anthony died before even his marriage to the sister of James Stewart, King of Scots could be celebrated, and the former Cypriot queens ceded their rights elsewhere: Charlotte to the Italian house of Savoy and Catarina Cornaro to the Most Serene Republic of Venice which asserted its claim to the kingdom as part of the republic, without even a candidate for king.
1538:
580:
1820:
1731:
132:
2001:
1504:
1252:
1086:
3560:
1790:
189:
1875:
848:
1968:
1938:
2949:
728:
1436:
25:
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1470:
1390:. This relative autonomy meant that there were no rebellions of ethnic character in the Lusignan period. Whilst Greek historiography has traditionally seen a peasant revolt in 1426-27 as a nationalistic uprising, this was an unsystematic series of riots of pillaging by segments of the Greek peasant population and Spanish mercenaries following the Mamluk invasion, the capture of
2525:
1666:
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1381:
and coastal plains. There was a system of ethnic discrimination and social stratification in place. However, with the majority of the population being Greeks, the
Frankish nobility set up a system that would accommodate a certain degree of Greek autonomy, for instance maintaining Greek ecclesiastical
1007:
Control of the island of Cyprus would give King
Richard an extremely valuable strategic base to launch further Crusade operations. The English army engaged the Cypriots on the shores of Limassol with English archers and heavily armored knights. Komnenos and the remainder of the army escaped to the
995:
entered the port, Komnenos refused their request to disembark for fresh water. King
Richard and the rest of his fleet arrived shortly afterwards. Upon hearing of the imprisonment of his shipwrecked comrades and the insults offered to his bride and sister, King Richard met Komnenos in battle. There
1259:
The economy of Cyprus remained primarily agrarian during the
Lusignan period. Simultaneously, though, the island grew in importance in the trade network connecting Western Europe and the Middle East, serving as an "entrepôt". This led to an increase in demand on Cypriot products (most importantly
1028:
on the island in return for confirming its laws and customs. He also ordered
Cypriot men to shave their beards. There was a rebellion led by a relative of Isaac's, but it was crushed by Robert of Thornham, who hanged the leader. Richard rebuked Robert for this execution, since executing a man who
1011:
Fearing treachery at the hands of the new invaders, Komnenos fled after making this pledge to King
Richard and escaped to the stronghold of Kantara. Some weeks after King Richard's marriage to his bride in Limassol on 12 May 1191, Komnenos attempted an escape by boat to the mainland but he was
1280:
did take some part in the changing economic environment. Limassol, in particular, became a port for the export of agricultural products and served as a stopover for
Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land. The relative prosperity encouraged migration to Cyprus from the West
1164:(High Court), although it was less powerful than it had been in Jerusalem. The island was richer and more feudal than Jerusalem, so the king had more personal wealth and could afford to ignore the Haute Cour. The most important vassal family was the multi-branch
932:
from a minor line of the
Imperial house, rose in rebellion, and attempted to seize the throne. His attempted coup was unsuccessful, but Komnenos was able to retain control of the island. Byzantine actions against Komnenos failed because he enjoyed the support of
2526:"Leontios Makhairas: Recital concerning the Sweet Land of Cyprus entitled ' Chronicle.' Edited with a translation and notes by R. M. Dawkins. 2 vols. Pp. xvi+685, 333; map and genealogical table. Oxford: Clarendon Press (London: Milford), 1932. Cloth, 50s"
1008:
hills during nightfall, but King
Richard and his troops tracked the Cypriot ruler down and raided his camp before dawn. Komnenos escaped again with a small number of men. The next day, many Cypriot nobles came to King Richard to swear fealty.
1345:
in 1347-48 resulted in the loss of one fifth to one third of the population. Repeated outbreaks prevented population recovery into the fifteenth century. In the 14th century it was common for
Cypriot nobility to get their education in
1260:
sugar, but also wine, wheat, oil, carobs) abroad, and the agrarian economy became more export-oriented. This allowed Cyprus to become more prosperous relative to the Byzantine period, fuelling the development of the harbour of
1340:
constituted the majority of the population in the rural areas, where they were either serfs (paroikoi) or free tenants (francomati). The population increased until the middle of the fourteenth century, but the
2253:
Nicholson, Helen J. (2018). "Remembering the Crusaders in Cyprus: The Lusignans, the Hospitallers, and the 1191 Conquest of Cyprus in Jean d'Arras's Mélusine". In Parsons, Simon T.; Paterson, Linda M. (eds.).
1020:
and other high ranking nobles. The English king left garrisons in the towns and castles of the island before he departed and the island itself was left in charge of Richard of Canville and Robert of Thornham.
2178:
1316:
having increasing demand in the West and the East. Famagusta became a hub for shipbuilding. These developments prompted the arrival of representatives from Florentine banking houses, such as the
1012:
apprehended at Cape St. Andrea and later imprisoned in the castle of Markappos in Syria, where he died shortly afterwards, still in captivity. Meanwhile, King Richard resumed his journey to
3060:
1059:, the traditional capital. Roman Catholics kept the reins of power and control, while the Orthodox inhabitants lived in the countryside; this was much the same as the arrangement in the
1047:
realized that Cyprus would prove to be a difficult territory to maintain and oversee whilst launching offensives in the Holy Land, he sold it to the Knights Templar for a fee of 100,000
2873:
1301:. The Latin immigrants participated in the economic life as merchants, artisans, shipwrights, ship captains and tavern keepers, and as such had an outsize share in the economy.
2166:
1324:. The growth of the industry as well as the labour-intensive production of sugar and wine resulted in a demand for slaves, and slave markets existed in Nicosia and Famagusta.
1031:
528:
503:
489:
475:
1120:, which had held much power in Jerusalem prior its downfall, acted as regents during these early years. In 1229, one of the Ibelin regents was forced out of power by
917:, despite the nearly constant warfare between the two parties on the mainland. The Byzantines recovered control over the island for short periods thereafter, but the
2399:
2154:
1353:
The Roman Catholic Latins never exceeded a quarter of the island's population and were concentrated in the cities. Frankish knights and aristocracy mostly lived in
1304:
During this period, new industries also emerged in Cyprus. Cypriot pottery developed particular characteristics, and was exported to the Crusader States until the
162:
3823:
1308:
in 1291. In the late 13th and early 14th industries, the textile industry developed, with new textile dyeing workshops being set up in Nicosia, and Cypriot
2369:
1382:
courts open to the consultation of "wise and prominent men", thus practically forming secular Greek forms that exercised a form of judicial autonomy. The
3818:
2140:
2057:
1369:
in 1291 triggered an influx of Latin immigrants from the Levant, as Italian, Aragonese and Provençal trading cities relocated their merchants to Cyprus.
1268:, enabling the construction of architectural works that survive to this day. Whilst the development of these two eclipsed the other towns, towns such as
1231:
2595:
2200:
2042:
2108:. By 1476, the various claims were so diverse and weak that various monarchs sought former Cypriot queens to cede them their rights. Even the
2969:
2069:(1482–1490), legitimate great-grandson of Janus of Cyprus, son of a first cousin of Charlotte, second cousin of James III, nephew of Louis
3618:
756:
2589:
2444:
2091:(1496–1497), father of Philibert II, great-uncle of Charles II and of Yolande Louise, first cousin of Charlotte, maternal grandson of
3476:
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2056:
and if born in the 1480s he was quite a posthumous specimen, alleged to have moved to Sicily then Malta, founder of the family of
2701:
2063:
Charlotte (d. 1487) and Louis (d. 1482), queen and king-consort, continued as pretenders, Charlotte renounced 1482 in favour of:
3313:
3177:
2934:
2467:
1105:
In the meantime, the hereditary queen of Jerusalem, Sybilla, had died, and opposition to the rule of her husband, king consort
911:
reached an unprecedented agreement. For the next 300 years, Cyprus was ruled jointly by both the Arabs and the Byzantines as a
876:
1016:
and, with much needed respite, new funds and reinforcements, set sail for the Holy Land accompanied by the King of Jerusalem,
2343:
3808:
1029:
claimed to be king was an affront to royal dignity. Some details of the brief English period on Cyprus can be found in the
669:
2395:
1116:
After the death of Amalric of Lusignan, the Kingdom continually passed to a series of young boys who grew up as king. The
3515:
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153:
60:
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35:
2049:", heiress of Isaac Komnenos, in the winter of 1202/1203, claimed the kingdom, but Aimery refused to surrender it.
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3783:
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979:. The English king did not intend to conquer the island until his fleet was scattered by a storm en route to the
954:
913:
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2219:
quartered of Jerusalem, de Lusignan, Armenia and Cyprus, declaring a claim to reign over the former kingdoms of
1000:
in order to protect himself from his enemies, the Angelos family, the ruling family in the Byzantine capital of
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was used as the lingua franca on the island and legal texts were translated into the vernacular, like the
987:. The shipwrecked survivors were taken prisoner by Komnenos and when a ship bearing King Richard's sister
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Eugene Matteo de Armenia (1480's–1523), said by his own progeny to have been an illegitimate son of King
1128:
to the island. Frederick's supporters were defeated in this struggle by 1232 from the Cypriots Forces at
860:
699:
616:
508:
219:
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in 1426; the remaining monarchs gradually lost almost all independence, until 1489 when the last queen,
131:
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Richard confiscated the property of those Cypriots who had fought against him. He also imposed a 50%
838:
709:
634:
609:
194:
1537:
1070:, with its own Archbishop and subject to no patriarch, was allowed to remain on the island, but the
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conquered the island for a resurgent Byzantium. In 1185, the last Byzantine governor of Cyprus,
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Nicolaou-Konnari, Angel (2005). "Greeks". In Nicolaou-Konnari, Angel; Schabel, Chris (eds.).
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42:
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During the period of Frankish rule, Catholicism became the official religion of the island
8:
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Coureas, Nicholas (2005). "Economy". In Nicolaou-Konnari, Angel; Schabel, Chris (eds.).
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1992:
1850:
1795:
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The kingdom eventually came to be dominated more and more in the 14th century by the
1133:
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Seventeen lectures on the study of medieval and modern history and kindred subjects
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1503:
1475:
1148:, thus uniting the two kingdoms. The territory in Palestine was finally lost while
1129:
1035:, possibly derived from Robert of Thornham, who had a relationship with the abbey.
976:
868:
809:
295:
249:
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Orthodox Cyprus under the Latins, 1191–1571: Society, Spirituality, and Identities
1172:
merchants, especially because Cyprus had become the center of European trade with
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983:(1189–1191). The three ships were wrecked and sank in sight of the port of
901:
621:
2565:
The Latin Renovatio of Byzantium: The Empire of Constantinople (1204–1228)
1789:
1144:
claimed the title and its territory of Acre for himself upon the death of
16:
Medieval Christian kingdom established after the Third Crusade (1192–1489)
3353:
1342:
1013:
404:
1967:
1874:
1152:
was king in 1291, but the kings of Cyprus continued to claim the title.
847:
2929:
1435:
1332:
Cypriot society in the Lusignan period was multi-ethnic, with Orthodox
852:
1937:
2827:
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2184:
Lusignans as the Kings of Cyprus, Jerusalem and Armenia (since 1393).
1358:
1294:
1261:
1240:
1052:
942:
339:
2633:
The Medieval Kingdoms of Cyprus and Armenia: (Oct. 26 and 29, 1878.)
2614:. Vol. II. The Frankish period 1192–1432. Cambridge University.
1140:
descendants continued to rule as kings of Jerusalem until 1268 when
3750:
3502:
2832:
2739:
2590:
Latin Cyprus and its Relations with the Mamluk Sultanate, 1250-1517
1290:
1269:
1132:, although it lasted longer in the Kingdom of Jerusalem and in the
984:
813:
596:
342:
3454:
2679:
971:, an upstart local governor, Byzantine Prince and self-proclaimed
2297:
A Study of Mixed Legal Systems: Endangered, Entrenched or Blended
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872:
546:
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The Lusignan Kingdom of Cyprus and the Sea 13th-15th Centuries
1298:
1188:
1169:
891:
273:
1469:
34:
may be in need of reorganization to comply with Knowledge's
3727:
2441:"A Brief History of Cyprus - Byzantine Period (330 - 1191)"
2396:"How Richard, king of England, seized and conquered Cyprus"
2389:
1177:
2651:
1243:
design, 1218–1253 (left), and Cyprus Western-style silver
996:
were rumours that Komnenos was secretly in agreement with
793:
that existed between 1192 and 1489. Initially ruled as an
2104:, but were claimed by the male line. See further under
1093:, with coat of arms at the centre. Early 14th century,
2036:
1077:
largely displaced it in stature and holding property.
897:
invaded Cyprus in force in the 650s, but in 688, the
2438:
1168:. However, the king was often in conflict with the
959:The island of Cyprus was conquered in 1191 by King
1377:and Syrians were concentrated in the foothills of
937:. The Byzantine emperor had an agreement with the
2603:The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades, 1191-1374
2160:Coat of arms of Lusignans as the Kings of Cyprus.
3765:
2562:
2508:
2248:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2124:
2652:Rogge; Sabine; Grünbart; Michael, eds. (2015).
2419:
2201:Mamluk campaign against Cyprus (disambiguation)
2172:Lusignans as the Kings of Cyprus and Jerusalem.
2654:Medieval Cyprus: A Place of Cultural Encounter
2627:
45:to make improvements to the overall structure.
3824:States and territories disestablished in 1489
3470:
2695:
2486:
2484:
2229:
1898:Co-ruler with her husband Louis (1459–1464).
1772:c. 1354 or 1357–13 October 1382 (aged 24–27)
1397:
750:
1255:Coin of the kingdom of Cyprus, 13th century.
1207:would be able to drive out the Genoese. The
924:This period lasted until the year 965, when
80:
3619:County Palatine of Cephalonia and Zakynthos
2504:
2502:
2112:briefly entertained the idea of setting up
94:
3819:States and territories established in 1192
3477:
3463:
2702:
2688:
2481:
2106:Cypriot claimants under Kings of Jerusalem
2028:Wife of James II and mother of James III.
1336:making up the majority of the population.
757:
743:
187:
2363:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2252:
1743:9 October 1328–17 January 1369 (aged 40)
61:Learn how and when to remove this message
2618:
2523:
2499:
2337:
2299:. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 216.
2100:and several others. The rights diverted
2013:25 November 1454–10 July 1510 (aged 55)
1250:
1230:
1084:
846:
2490:
2196:Grand Officers of the Kingdom of Cyprus
1989:Son of James II and Catherine Cornaro.
1357:, whilst Italians were concentrated in
1191:merchants, under the leadership of the
1124:, who brought the struggle between the
3766:
2600:
2584:Art in the Court of the Lusignan Kings
2316:
2294:
1980:6 August 1473–26 August 1474 (aged 1)
1707:c. 1295–24 November 1358 (aged 62–63)
1394:and the political vacuum that ensued.
1327:
3458:
2683:
2511:Cyprus: Society and Culture 1191-1374
2493:Cyprus: Society and Culture 1191-1374
1554:3 May 1217–18 January 1253 (aged 35)
1365:in the 1270s and 1280s and the final
2609:
1950:c. 1438/9–10 July 1473 (aged 34–36)
1887:28 June 1444–16 July 1487 (aged 43)
1516:1194/5–10 January 1218 (aged 22–23)
867:, Cyprus came under the rule of the
812:, but it also had a foothold on the
494:
18:
3484:
2709:
2037:Pretenders of the Kingdom of Cyprus
1857:16 May 1418–28 July 1458 (aged 40)
1802:1334–9 September 1398 (aged 63–64)
1617:c. 1235–24 March 1284 (aged 48–49)
1219:, was forced to sell the island to
851:Ayia Paraskevi Byzantine church in
808:. It comprised not only the entire
800:, it was established by the French
13:
3178:2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis
2576:
2398:. cyprusexplorer.globalfolio.net.
2116:, the brother-in-law of England's
2114:Anthony Woodville, 2nd Earl Rivers
1929:Co-ruler with his wife Charlotte.
1678:June 1270–31 March 1324 (aged 53)
1482:c. 1153–1 April 1205 (aged 51–52)
1448:c. 1150–18 July 1194 (aged 43–44)
1195:. Cyprus therefore sided with the
1080:
1038:
832:
14:
3835:
3342:Greek Cypriots in Northern Cyprus
2661:
2619:Kyriacou, Chrysovalantis (2018).
2366:"Richard the Lionheart in Cyprus"
941:to close Cypriot harbours to the
3558:
2947:
2667:
2177:
2165:
2153:
1999:
1966:
1936:
1873:
1818:
1788:
1729:
1664:
1536:
1502:
1468:
1434:
1122:Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor
948:
789:) was a medieval kingdom of the
726:
578:
526:
501:
495:Cyprus under the Knights Templar
487:
473:
171:
161:
137:
130:
23:
2556:
2517:
2447:from the original on 2020-10-08
2402:from the original on 2012-06-02
2372:from the original on 2012-09-15
2346:from the original on 2017-04-05
2146:
1914:June 1436–April 1482 (aged 45)
1832:1375–29 June 1432 (aged 56–57)
955:Conquest of Cyprus by Richard I
3690:Livonian Brothers of the Sword
3577:Latin Empire of Constantinople
2458:
2432:
2413:
2383:
2357:
2288:
2213:
1648:c. 1268–20 May 1285 (aged 17)
1:
3624:Lordship of Argos and Nauplia
2206:
2125:Titles of the Kings of Cyprus
2058:Baron di Baccari (Tal-Baqqar)
1959:Illegitimate son of John II.
1407:
1361:. The losses suffered by the
1160:Like Jerusalem, Cyprus had a
1155:
875:, while still subject to the
1111:Henry VI, Holy Roman Emperor
861:division of the Roman Empire
7:
3809:Former monarchies of Europe
3672:State of the Teutonic Order
3545:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
2443:. whatson-northcyprus.com.
2189:
863:into an eastern half and a
820:between 1361 and 1373, and
509:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
327:Greek Orthodox Christianity
220:Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia
10:
3840:
2970:Cities, towns and villages
2594:Coureas, Nicholas (2017).
2588:Coureas, Nicholas (2016).
2513:. BRILL. pp. 103–104.
2495:. BRILL. pp. 103–104.
2264:Cambridge University Press
2256:Literature of the Crusades
1401:
1398:List of monarchs of Cyprus
1226:
952:
836:
827:
3804:Former monarchies of Asia
3736:
3657:
3567:
3556:
3501:
3492:
3416:
3384:
3322:
3262:
3199:
3190:
3133:
3124:
3031:
3022:
2965:
2956:
2945:
2851:
2813:
2785:Achaemenid Persian Empire
2765:
2730:
2721:
2601:Edbury, Peter W. (1991).
2563:Filip Van Tricht (2011),
2542:10.1017/S0009840X00061370
2524:Runciman, Steven (1933).
2439:whatson-northcyprus.com.
2272:10.1017/9781787441736.011
839:Cyprus in the Middle Ages
542:
452:
438:
434:
424:
414:
410:
400:
392:
388:
375:
362:
358:
348:
333:
313:
269:
259:
202:
186:
151:Bottom: Flag according to
126:
121:
75:
3609:Duchy of the Archipelago
2582:Carr, Annemarie (1995).
2392:Benedict of Peterborough
2340:"Cyprus under Richard I"
1718:Guy of Poitiers-Lusignan
1597:Hugh of Antioch-Lusignan
1404:List of Cypriot consorts
1211:then made the kingdom a
1032:Chronicle of Meaux Abbey
930:Isaac Komnenos of Cyprus
909:ʿAbd al-Malik ibn Marwān
885:First Council of Ephesus
3589:Kingdom of Thessalonica
3523:Principality of Antioch
3495:List of Crusader states
3204:Cypriot nationality law
2605:. Cambridge University.
2476:Encyclopædia Britannica
2427:, Yale University Press
2079:Yolande Louise of Savoy
1203:, in the hope that the
1146:Conrad III of Jerusalem
1126:Guelphs and Ghibellines
824:between 1361 and 1448.
248:Tributary state of the
238:Tributary state of the
228:Tributary state of the
218:Tributary state of the
3789:15th century in Cyprus
3784:14th century in Cyprus
3779:13th century in Cyprus
3711:Bishopric of Ösel–Wiek
3614:Triarchy of Negroponte
3594:Principality of Achaea
3582:Duchy of Philippopolis
2900:Intercommunal violence
2750:Cypro-Minoan syllabary
1579:1252/3–1267 (aged 14)
1256:
1248:
1102:
856:
786:
778:
426:• Disestablished
95:
81:
3701:Bishopric of Courland
3696:Archbishopric of Riga
2905:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
2610:Hill, George (1948).
2141:Lord of the Mountains
2083:Philibert II of Savoy
1529:Walter of Montbéliard
1493:Hugh VIII of Lusignan
1459:Hugh VIII of Lusignan
1384:Greek Cypriot dialect
1254:
1234:
1088:
921:was always restored.
850:
318:Catholic Christianity
277:(official/ceremonial)
270:Common languages
214:(1192–1198/1268–1372)
108:Βασίλειο της Κύπρου (
3511:Kingdom of Jerusalem
3364:Settlers from Turkey
3314:World Heritage Sites
2925:Cypriot S-300 crisis
2676:at Wikimedia Commons
2530:The Classical Review
2478:, accessed May 2007.
2295:Farran, Sue (2014).
2266:. pp. 158–172.
1925:Louis, Duke of Savoy
1896:Daughter of John II.
1722:Nephew of Henry II.
1592:Plaisance of Antioch
1388:Assizes of Jerusalem
1061:Kingdom of Jerusalem
1055:, as well as inland
1045:Richard I of England
961:Richard I of England
935:William II of Sicily
871:. At that time, its
869:Eastern Roman Empire
154:Book of All Kingdoms
144:Top: Royal banner of
3706:Bishopric of Dorpat
3637:Knights Hospitaller
2775:Neo-Assyrian Empire
2612:A History of Cyprus
2073:Charles II of Savoy
2045:, who married the "
2043:Thierry of Flanders
1632:Nephew of Henry I.
1328:Society and culture
926:Niketas Chalkoutzes
416:• Established
115:Vasíleio tis Kýprou
43:editing the article
3746:Crusading movement
3642:Hospitaller Rhodes
3604:Duchy of Neopatras
3158:Telecommunications
2881:Post-1878 overview
2623:. Lexington Books.
2470:2008-06-22 at the
2110:Republic of Venice
2089:Philip II of Savoy
2067:Charles I of Savoy
2054:James II of Cyprus
1257:
1249:
1247:1285–1324 (right).
1142:Hugh III of Cyprus
1103:
1063:. The independent
857:
3774:Kingdom of Cyprus
3761:
3760:
3728:Free City of Riga
3550:Kingdom of Cyprus
3540:County of Tripoli
3452:
3451:
3412:
3411:
3376:Maronite Cypriots
3371:Armenian Cypriots
3224:COVID-19 pandemic
3186:
3185:
3120:
3119:
3107:Political parties
3073:Foreign relations
3018:
3017:
2943:
2942:
2864:Cyprus Convention
2795:Ptolemaic dynasty
2780:Ten city-kingdoms
2755:Cypriot syllabary
2674:Kingdom of Cyprus
2672:Media related to
2136:King of Jerusalem
2034:
2033:
2019:26 February 1489
1993:Catherine Cornaro
1835:9 September 1398
1808:9 September 1398
1746:24 November 1358
1713:24 November 1358
1687:Son of Hugh III.
1657:Son of Hugh III.
1217:Catherine Cornaro
1193:Republic of Genoa
1134:Holy Roman Empire
1091:House of Lusignan
899:Byzantine emperor
802:House of Lusignan
798:Christian kingdom
779:Royaume de Chypre
771:Kingdom of Cyprus
767:
766:
733:Cyprus portal
647:Kingdom of Cyprus
617:Ten city-kingdoms
552:
551:
538:
537:
534:
533:
514:
513:
382:Catherine Cornaro
377:• 1474–1489
364:• 1192–1194
293:
286:
285:(native language)
278:
240:Republic of Genoa
230:Holy Roman Empire
210:Christian kingdom
82:Royaume de Chypre
77:Kingdom of Cyprus
71:
70:
63:
36:layout guidelines
3831:
3814:Island countries
3794:Christian states
3721:Order of Dobrzyń
3649:Genoese colonies
3562:
3528:County of Edessa
3479:
3472:
3465:
3456:
3455:
3432:
3425:
3349:Turkish Cypriots
3197:
3196:
3131:
3130:
3029:
3028:
2963:
2962:
2951:
2910:Turkish invasion
2823:Byzantine Cyprus
2728:
2727:
2704:
2697:
2690:
2681:
2680:
2671:
2657:
2648:
2624:
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2354:
2352:
2351:
2342:. cypnet.co.uk.
2335:
2314:
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2286:
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2250:
2227:
2221:Cilician Armenia
2217:
2181:
2169:
2157:
2081:(1496–1499) and
2047:damsel of Cyprus
2003:
1970:
1940:
1877:
1841:Son of James I.
1822:
1811:Son of Hugh IV.
1805:13 October 1382
1792:
1781:Son of Peter I.
1778:13 October 1382
1775:17 January 1369
1752:Son of Hugh IV.
1749:17 January 1369
1733:
1668:
1628:Henry of Antioch
1588:Son of Henry I.
1582:18 January 1253
1560:18 January 1253
1557:10 January 1218
1540:
1522:10 January 1218
1506:
1472:
1438:
1408:
1264:and the capital
1130:Battle of Agridi
1068:Church of Cyprus
1065:Eastern Orthodox
977:Byzantine Empire
877:Christian Church
810:island of Cyprus
759:
752:
745:
731:
730:
729:
694:History by topic
582:
572:
554:
553:
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518:
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491:
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477:
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276:
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250:Mamluk Sultanate
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26:
19:
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3799:Former kingdoms
3764:
3763:
3762:
3757:
3741:Military orders
3732:
3661:
3653:
3599:Duchy of Athens
3563:
3554:
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3488:
3486:Crusader states
3483:
3453:
3448:
3435:
3428:
3421:
3408:
3380:
3318:
3258:
3249:Public holidays
3182:
3116:
3056:Northern Cyprus
3014:
2952:
2939:
2847:
2809:
2805:Diaspora revolt
2761:
2717:
2708:
2664:
2579:
2577:Further reading
2574:
2573:
2561:
2557:
2522:
2518:
2507:
2500:
2489:
2482:
2472:Wayback Machine
2463:
2459:
2450:
2448:
2437:
2433:
2421:John Gillingham
2418:
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2405:
2403:
2388:
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2375:
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2364:Melissa Snell.
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2161:
2158:
2149:
2127:
2093:Janus of Cyprus
2039:
2027:
2016:26 August 1474
1986:26 August 1474
1928:
1917:7 October 1459
1897:
1766:
1721:
1631:
1611:
1595:
1563:Son of Hugh I.
1548:
1525:Son of Aimery.
1406:
1400:
1363:Crusader States
1330:
1239:, derived from
1229:
1213:tributary state
1166:House of Ibelin
1158:
1107:Guy of Lusignan
1083:
1081:Guy and Amalric
1041:
1039:Knights Templar
1018:Guy of Lusignan
957:
951:
939:sultan of Egypt
845:
843:Theme of Cyprus
837:Main articles:
835:
833:Medieval Cyprus
830:
791:Crusader states
763:
727:
725:
720:
719:
710:Ancient pottery
695:
687:
686:
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662:
661:
652:Venetian Cyprus
642:Theme of Cyprus
637:
627:
626:
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601:
592:
570:
563:
527:
522:Venetian Cyprus
502:
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481:Theme of Cyprus
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369:Guy of Lusignan
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195:medieval Cyprus
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147:Janus of Cyprus
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50:
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41:Please help by
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3683:Livonian Order
3680:
3678:Teutonic Order
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3339:
3332:Greek Cypriots
3328:
3326:
3320:
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3311:
3306:
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3296:
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3290:
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3260:
3259:
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3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3233:hybrid variant
3216:
3211:
3206:
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3194:
3188:
3187:
3184:
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3180:
3175:
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3153:Stock Exchange
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3064:
3063:
3061:UN resolutions
3058:
3051:Cyprus dispute
3048:
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2920:Cyprus dispute
2917:
2912:
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2902:
2897:
2890:
2883:
2878:
2877:
2876:
2869:British Cyprus
2866:
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2699:
2692:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2663:
2662:External links
2660:
2659:
2658:
2649:
2629:William Stubbs
2625:
2616:
2607:
2598:
2592:
2586:
2578:
2575:
2572:
2571:
2569:, pp. 440–442.
2555:
2516:
2498:
2480:
2457:
2431:
2412:
2382:
2356:
2338:cypnet.co.uk.
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2131:King of Cyprus
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2118:King Edward IV
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1983:6 August 1473
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1866:Son of Janus.
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1651:24 March 1284
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1623:24 March 1284
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1620:December 1267
1618:
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1613:Hugh the Great
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1396:
1348:Constantinople
1334:Greek Cypriots
1329:
1326:
1228:
1225:
1197:Avignon Papacy
1157:
1154:
1136:. Frederick's
1082:
1079:
1072:Roman Catholic
1040:
1037:
1002:Constantinople
969:Isaac Komnenos
953:Main article:
950:
947:
906:Umayyad caliph
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689:
688:
685:
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682:Cyprus problem
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677:British Cyprus
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657:Ottoman Cyprus
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51:November 2018
44:
38:
37:
32:This article
30:
21:
20:
3716:Dobrzyń Land
3632:Stato da Màr
3549:
3399:Coat of arms
3324:Demographics
3168:Trade unions
3078:Human rights
3041:Constitution
2935:EU accession
2892:
2885:
2859:Ottoman rule
2837:
2800:Roman Cyprus
2653:
2636:
2620:
2611:
2602:
2564:
2558:
2533:
2529:
2519:
2510:
2492:
2475:
2460:
2449:. Retrieved
2434:
2424:
2415:
2404:. Retrieved
2385:
2374:. Retrieved
2359:
2348:. Retrieved
2310:
2296:
2290:
2255:
2215:
2147:Coat of Arms
2130:
2101:
2022:Daughter of
2007:
1974:
1944:
1908:
1881:
1851:
1826:
1796:
1767:
1762:
1737:
1701:
1693:(1306–1310)
1681:20 May 1285
1672:
1654:20 May 1285
1642:
1612:
1607:
1599:(1261–1267)
1573:
1549:
1544:
1531:(1205–1210)
1510:
1476:
1442:
1420:Reign Start
1367:Fall of Acre
1352:
1331:
1322:Bardi family
1306:Fall of Acre
1303:
1258:
1235:Cyprus gold
1201:Great Schism
1186:
1182:fall of Acre
1161:
1159:
1138:Hohenstaufen
1115:
1104:
1075:Latin Church
1042:
1030:
1026:capital levy
1023:
1010:
1006:
958:
923:
918:
912:
902:Justinian II
889:
865:western half
858:
787:Regnum Cypri
770:
768:
646:
463:Succeeded by
462:
457:
169:Coat of arms
114:
96:Regnum Cypri
57:
48:
33:
3354:Linobambaki
3138:Agriculture
3083:LGBT rights
2985:Earthquakes
2828:Arab Empire
2745:Eteocypriot
2732:Prehistoric
2639:: 156–207.
2075:(1490–1496)
1594:(1253–1261)
1343:Black Death
963:during the
914:condominium
879:, was made
795:independent
715:Earthquakes
705:Ancient art
590:Prehistoric
569:History of
458:Preceded by
405:Middle Ages
393:Legislature
254:(1426–1489)
244:(1372–1426)
234:(1229–1268)
224:(1198–1229)
207:Independent
197:(1192–1489)
3768:Categories
3294:Literature
3046:Corruption
2930:Annan Plan
2656:. Waxmann.
2645:Q107247875
2451:2012-08-23
2406:2012-08-15
2376:2012-08-15
2350:2012-08-15
2207:References
2085:(d. 1504)
1429:Regent(s)
1423:Reign End
1402:See also:
1392:King Janus
1180:after the
1162:Haute Cour
1156:Governance
1043:When King
993:Berengaria
991:and bride
919:status quo
859:After the
853:Yeroskipou
816:mainland:
804:after the
396:Haute Cour
335:Government
289:Old French
193:Cities of
3214:Education
3209:Languages
3173:Transport
3112:President
3068:Elections
3000:Mountains
2980:Districts
2958:Geography
2874:Governors
2631:(1886). "
2550:1464-3561
2536:(1): 43.
2429:, p. 152.
2425:Richard I
2260:Cambridge
2225:Jerusalem
2008:Catherine
1975:James III
1882:Charlotte
1417:Lifespan
1375:Armenians
1371:Maronites
1359:Famagusta
1295:Catalonia
1262:Famagusta
1241:Byzantine
1184:in 1291.
1053:Famagusta
943:Crusaders
814:Anatolian
622:Roman Era
329:(popular)
314:Religion
292:(popular)
122:1192–1489
3751:Crusades
3629:Venetian
3439:Category
3359:diaspora
3337:diaspora
3254:Religion
3090:Military
3024:Politics
3010:Wildlife
2915:Refugees
2833:Crusades
2815:Medieval
2715:articles
2641:Wikidata
2468:Archived
2445:Archived
2423:(1999),
2400:Archived
2370:Archived
2344:Archived
2190:See also
1945:James II
1763:Peter II
1673:Henry II
1608:Hugh III
1411:Picture
1320:and the
1299:the East
1291:Provence
1270:Limassol
1209:Mameluks
1150:Henry II
985:Limassol
904:and the
887:in 431.
855:, Cyprus
700:Timeline
635:Medieval
597:Alashiya
560:a series
558:Part of
439:Currency
343:monarchy
308:Armenian
3664:Livonia
3659:Prussia
3516:vassals
3423:Outline
3386:Symbols
3282:Cuisine
3264:Culture
3244:Poverty
3192:Society
3163:Tourism
3126:Economy
2990:Islands
2975:Climate
2838:Kingdom
2767:Ancient
2740:Alasiya
2723:History
2567:, Brill
2465:"Cyprus
2390:Pseudo-
2102:de jure
1923:Son of
1852:John II
1797:James I
1738:Peter I
1716:Son of
1702:Hugh IV
1691:Amalric
1626:Son of
1574:Hugh II
1545:Henry I
1491:Son of
1457:Son of
1355:Nicosia
1318:Peruzzi
1314:camlets
1310:samites
1278:Kyrenia
1266:Nicosia
1227:Economy
1199:in the
1189:Genoese
1170:Italian
1057:Nicosia
1049:bezants
998:Saladin
975:of the
973:emperor
967:, from
895:Muslims
883:by the
828:History
822:Corycus
818:Antalya
610:Ancient
371:(first)
296:Italian
264:Nicosia
260:Capital
3569:Greece
3533:Marash
3503:Levant
3444:Portal
3394:Anthem
3277:Cinema
3219:Health
3148:Energy
3102:Police
3005:Rivers
2894:Taksim
2887:Enosis
2852:Modern
2713:
2711:Cyprus
2643:
2548:
2303:
2278:
1643:John I
1511:Hugh I
1477:Aimery
1426:Notes
1338:Greeks
1297:) and
1287:Venice
1274:Paphos
1237:bezant
1221:Venice
1205:French
1174:Africa
1095:Cyprus
873:bishop
775:French
670:Modern
571:Cyprus
562:on the
547:Cyprus
384:(last)
354:
340:Feudal
304:Arabic
300:French
203:Status
156:(1350)
99:
89:French
85:
3430:Index
3309:Sport
3304:Music
3299:Media
3228:Delta
3143:Banks
3095:Chief
2995:Lakes
1953:1464
1920:1464
1909:Louis
1893:1464
1827:Janus
1451:1192
1414:Name
1283:Genoa
783:Latin
281:Greek
274:Latin
177:]
173:[
110:Greek
103:Latin
3662:and
3404:Flag
3287:Wine
3239:Name
3231:cron
3226:and
2546:ISSN
2301:ISBN
2276:ISBN
2223:and
1312:and
1276:and
1245:gros
1178:Asia
1176:and
1014:Acre
989:Joan
892:Arab
890:The
841:and
769:The
447:gros
430:1489
420:1192
350:King
3272:Art
2635:".
2538:doi
2268:doi
1443:Guy
3770::
3674:*
2544:.
2534:47
2532:.
2528:.
2501:^
2483:^
2474:,
2394:.
2318:^
2309:.
2274:.
2262::
2258:.
2231:^
1495:.
1461:.
1373:,
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