3513:
135:'mother of the child'). The term refers to a slave woman who had a child from her owner; those women were renowned for their beauty and intelligence, in that the owner might recognize the legitimacy of his children from them to be legally free and with full rights of inheritance, and refrain from trading the mothers afterwards. Those concubines mostly were
1523:
Al-Radi is commonly spoken of as the last of the real
Caliphs: the last to deliver orations at the Friday service, to hold assemblies with philosophers to discuss the questions of the day, or to take counsel on the affairs of State; the last to distribute largess among the needy, or to interpose to
1733:
During his reign, Syria was torn by contending factions — Fatimid and
Carmathian; while the Buyīds was split up into parties that were fighting among themselves. To top this all off, the Byzantine Emperor John Tzimisces stormed the east in a victorious campaign in 975. After holding the office for
378:
Al-Mahdi commenced his rule by releasing several political prisoners, expanding and decorating the holy places of Mecca and Medina, and building fountains and lofts for Hajj pilgrims. He expanded the mail service, increased his secret service, fortified cities, and increased judicial appointments.
1936:
He was honored by the Seljuk sultan Malik-Shah I, during whose reign the
Caliphate was recognized throughout the extending range of Seljuk Sultanate. Hejaz, with the Holy Cities, now recovered from the Fatimids, acknowledged again the spiritual jurisdiction of the
1691:
Increasingly incapacitated by a partial paralysis that had begun following a stroke in 970, al-Muti was now induced to abdicate with his health as a pretext, and was replaced by his son Abd al-Karim, as al-Ta'i (r. 974–991), on 5
638:
His brother, Al-Ma'mun had made no official provisions for his succession. According to the account of al-Tabari, on his deathbed al-Ma'mun dictated a letter nominating his brother, rather than his son al-Abbas, as his
1086:
Al-Mu'tamid's reign marks the end of the "Anarchy at
Samarra" and the start of the Abbasid restoration. His brother was Commander-in-chief al-Muwaffaq, who held the loyalty of the military and had great influence over
2259:
His political and religious authority was recognized throughout Middle East especially by
Saladin ruler of Egypt. Caliph Al-Mustadi granted Saladin the title Sultan. Also gave him authority over holy cities;
84:(861–870), which accelerated the fragmentation of the Muslim world into autonomous dynasties. The caliphs lost their temporal power in 936–946, first to a series of military strongmen, and then to the Shi'a
982:
Al-Mu'tazz's reign (866–869) marks the apogee of the decline of the
Caliphate's central authority, and the climax of centrifugal tendencies, expressed through the emergence of the autonomous dynasties.
561:
Nominated second heir by his father. His half-brother al-Amin tried to remove him as heir. He overthrow al-Amin and succeeded his half-brother al-Amin after a civil war in 813. Victor of the civil war.
1171:
Al-Mu'tadid had inherited his father's gifts as a ruler and was distinguished alike for his economy and his military ability, becoming "one of the greatest of the
Abbasids in spite of his strictness.
3516:
Genealogical tree of the
Abbasid family. In green, the Abbasid caliphs of Baghdad. In yellow, the Caliphs of Cairo. Muhammad is included (in caps) to show the kinship of the Abbasids with him.
2256:
He enjoys nothing but what he earns by the labor of his own hands, and therefore manufactures coverlets, which he stamps with his seal, and which his officers sell in the public market.
594:
had become a close associate of the caliph, and on his deathbed al-Ma'mun recommended to his brother and successor al-Mu'tasim that he admit Ibn Abi Du'ad to his circle of advisors.
844:
Caliph al-Mutawakkil (847–861) had created a plan of succession that would allow his sons to inherit the caliphate after his death; he would be succeeded first by his eldest son,
3680:
General biography: or, Lives, critical and historical, of the most eminent persons of all ages, countries, conditions, and professions, arranged according to alphabetical order
1241:
Al-Mu'tadid took care to prepare Ali al-Muktafi, his oldest son and heir, for the succession by appointing him as a provincial governor: first in Rayy, Qazvin, Qum and
Hamadan.
3555:
2502:. Al-Musta'sim was the last known recognised Muslim caliph. His death marked the complete end of the Caliphate as a political and religious entity in the Middle East.
792:
Al-Mutawakkil was the last great
Abbasid caliph; after his death the dynasty would fall into a decline. He was Assassinated by his guards with support of his son
2536:, but these caliphs were purely religious and symbolic figures, while temporal power rested with the Mamluks. The revived caliphate in Cairo lasted until the
1730:
He was nominated heir by his father Al-Muti and his father Abdicated for his son became of partial paralysis that had begun following a stroke in 970.
2669:
2623:
4265:
Bennison, Amira K. (2009) The Great Caliphs: The Golden Age of the 'Abbasid Empire. Princeton: Yale University Press, p. 47. ISBN 0300167989
1297:, however, Al-Muktafi died young and Al-Muqtadir came to the throne at the age of 13, the youngest Caliph in Abbasid history and Islamic History.
2394:
In his short reign, he lowered the taxes, and built a strong army to resist invasions. He died on 10 July 1226, nine months after his accession.
103:, however. In the mid-12th century, the Abbasids regained their independence from the Seljuks, but the revival of Abbasid power ended with the
3444:
He served as caliph twice, his first term from 1497 to 1508 and his second term from 1516 to 1517, when he abdicated the position to his son,
4323:
4283:
4092:
The History of al-Ṭabarī, Volume XXXII: The Reunification of the ʿAbbāsid Caliphate: The Caliphate of al-Maʾmūn, A.D. 813–33/A.H. 198–213
3533:
2547:
The Cairo Abbasids were largely ceremonial caliphs under the patronage of the Mamluk Sultanate that existed after the takeover of the
4026:
1799:
During his reign, he granted the title Sultan to Muslim rulers. The sultans were religious deputy of the all later Abbasid Caliphs.
961:
1819:
230:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4256:
4230:
4178:
4100:
3965:
3862:
3837:
3224:
3630:"List of Rulers of the Islamic World | Lists of Rulers | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art"
4298:
4293:
2155:
Al-Muqtafi successfully established an army during the later Abbasid era. (Previously Caliphs were militarily dependent on
576:
4124:
2031:
Al-Mustarshid deposed and imprisoned his vizier Amid al-dawla Jalal al-Din Hasan ibn Ali. One year later he also deposed
4216:
4156:
3944:
565:
4038:
4008:
3925:
457:
Nominated second heir by his father al-Mahdi, after the death of his brother Caliph al-Hadi, he succeeded him in 786.
2336:
According to historian Angelika Hartmann, Al-Nasir was the last effective Abbasid caliph of Later Abbasid Caliphate.
80:(established in 929) challenged their primacy. The political decline of the Abbasids had begun earlier, during the
1168:, He added his name in line of succession and removed his cousin as heir. After his uncle death his succeeded him.
918:
912:
3816:
3687:
2028:
He succeeded his father as Caliph. He was a notable Caliph of Later Abbasid Era and he was also an Arabic poet.
572:, and systematic support of scholars for the gathering and translation of knowledge from various civilizations.
519:
1175:
283:
217:
1520:
Originally nominated heir by his father Al-Muqtadir. After the death of his uncle Al-Qahir he succeeded him.
4048:
507:
Nominated first heir by his father Harun al-Rashid, after the death of his father in 809, he succeeded him.
51:
888:
366:
99:" to denote their temporal authority. The Abbasid caliphs remained the generally recognized suzerains of
4240:
4018:
4288:
1301:
4207:
4143:
4070:
2596:
2537:
2364:
2323:
2165:
by the Seljuks fails. Restoration of the Caliph's political and military influence of Later Abbasids.
584:
4278:
3911:
2088:
1926:
1908:
1308:
3605:
69:, as well as the generally recognized ecumenical heads of Islam, until the 10th century, when the
3030:
2920:
2506:
2314:
2162:
2032:
3654:
1849:
1320:
852:
and third by al-Mu'ayyad. However, Al-Muntasir tried to change it and he almost succeeded in it.
724:
When his father, al-Mu'tasim took care for his son and heir to acquire experience in governance.
77:
3956:
3089:
2479:
2410:
727:
Nominated heir by his father. Al-Wathiq succeeded his father and ruled as Caliph for six years.
665:
591:
4244:
4095:. SUNY Series in Near Eastern Studies. Albany, New York: State University of New York Press.
3981:
The Mohammedan Dynasties: Chronological and Genealogical Tables with Historical Introductions
3541:
2854:
2813:
2700:
2423:
1770:
1621:
1574:
1427:
1366:
498:
288:
3896:
3881:
328:
3262:
2397:
During his short reign he saw disastrous Mongol Invasion in parts of Eastern Islamic World.
1035:
418:
Nominated first heir by his father Al-Mahdi after the death of his father, he succeeded him
8:
625:
130:
3979:
1688:
During the last years of his reign, Abbasids completely lost Egypt, Palestine and Hejaz.
4211:
4147:
3975:
3482:
2622:
in 1261. Title also claimed by al-Hakim I, installed as caliph by the ruler of Aleppo,
2099:
1682:
1028:
976:
905:
839:
765:
302:
Nominated heir by his brother caliph Al-Saffah (the founder of Abbasid dynasty) in 754.
81:
58:
4190:
2615:
In 1261, The Later Abbasids was succeeded by Caliphs of the Mamluk Sultanate in Cairo.
1975:
He succeeded his father as Caliph. He was the notable Caliph of the later Abbasid Era.
4252:
4226:
4174:
4170:
4120:
4096:
4074:
4034:
4004:
3985:
3961:
3940:
3921:
3858:
3833:
3812:
3683:
3629:
3460:
3445:
3389:
3138:
3122:
2684:
2485:
2445:
During his reign Eastern Islamic World was invaded by Mongols. The great cities like
2276:
2201:
2084:
Nominated heir by his father, After the assassination of his father he succeeded him.
2039:
1879:
1803:
1793:
1741:
1316:
1312:
778:
by his brother Al-Wathiq in 842 and he remained a Courtier under his brother's reign.
168:
136:
73:
66:
62:
20:
2528:
In 1261, the Abbasid dynasty was re-established by a cadet branch of the dynasty at
4199:
4166:
4135:
3490:
3411:
3374:
3361:
3300:
3015:
2892:
2838:
2823:
2781:
2726:
2533:
2523:
2149:
2059:
1283:
1154:
1073:
1017:
965:
828:
714:
580:
148:
4116:
When Baghdad Ruled the Muslim World: The Rise and Fall of Islam's Greatest Dynasty
4195:
4114:
4110:
4090:
4064:
3998:
3915:
3855:
Putting the Caliph in His Place: Power, Authority, and the Late Abbasid Caliphate
3580:
3507:
3330:
3317:
3275:
3237:
3211:
He succeeded his brother as the twelfth caliph for the Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo.
3199:
3154:
3121:
Became Sultan of Egypt from 7 May – 6 November 1412, as a titular figurehead for
3102:
3058:
2958:
2876:
2677:
2583:
2548:
2541:
2499:
2466:
2344:
1565:
He was chosen by Military officers after the death of his brother Caliph Al-Radi.
1102:
676:
620:
569:
547:
493:
461:
431:
324:
320:
251:
241:
121:
104:
39:
4249:
E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936, Volume VI: Morocco–Ruzzik
4203:
4151:
4139:
4086:
4022:
3183:
3160:
3108:
2429:
2197:
2156:
2095:
1456:
1395:
1349:
1274:
1228:
1219:
1165:
1134:
1054:
922:
875:
782:
760:
705:
655:
651:
in positions of power. Militarization and centralization of the administration.
643:
607:
152:
4078:
91:
that seized control of Baghdad; the Buyids were in turn replaced by the Sunni
4272:
4060:
2145:
2103:
2072:
1999:
1986:'s struggling against crusades to reconquer Muslim lands of Levant coastline.
1979:
1790:
1738:
1679:
1617:
1570:
1067:
955:
942:
926:
849:
822:
747:
375:
Nominated heir by his father After the death of his father, he succeeded him.
108:
88:
85:
1672:
He succeeded his cousin Al-Mustakfi, during his reign Buyids influence grew.
4066:
Ibn Khallikan's Biographical Dictionary, Translated from the Arabic. Vol. I
3989:
3481:
He formally surrendered the title of caliph as well as its outward emblems—
3426:
3348:
2989:
2237:
2178:
2132:
2012:
1950:
1872:
1856:
775:
629:
536:
515:
511:
448:
409:
255:
116:
92:
3287:
He succeeded his brother as the fourteenth caliph for the Mamluk Sultanate
3249:
He succeeded his brother as the thirteenth caliph of the Mamluk Sultanate
3005:
2933:
2797:
2741:
2340:
1882:
recognize the Abbasid caliph's religious and nominal authority (c. 1062).
1657:
1590:
1550:
1504:
1382:
1261:
1147:
1114:
1106:
1095:
859:
845:
809:
793:
100:
3920:. New Edinburgh Islamic Surveys. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
2608:
Founder of Mamluk Caliphate of Cairo under the auspices of Mamluk ruler
1244:
During his reign Abbasids completely recovered Egypt and Syria from the
3335:
He succeeded his uncle as the fifteenth caliph for the Mamluk Sultanate
2775:
2769:
2758:
2716:
2638:
2309:
2224:
2191:
2119:
1963:
1895:
1868:
1705:
1603:
1537:
1294:
1206:
998:
332:
3937:
The Caliph's Splendor: Islam and the West in the Golden Age of Baghdad
3765:
2904:
He succeeded his father as the seventh caliph for the Mamluk Sultanate
2863:
He succeeded his brother as the sixth caliph for the Mamluk Sultanate.
2450:
2269:
2243:
1930:
1915:
1838:
1412:
1190:
1110:
1091:
1011:
692:
460:
Abbasids ruled over present-day Morocco until 788, when secessionist
361:
272:
245:
140:
4055:. Vol. 40 vols. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
2945:
He succeeded as the eighth caliph for the Mamluk Sultanate of Cairo.
3118:
He succeeded as the tenth Caliph for the Mamluk Sultanate in Cairo.
2377:
2296:
1832:
1757:
1443:
1336:
1245:
858:
Just like most Abbasid caliphs, He provided endowments to his kins
443:
404:
348:
309:
in the year 753 CE (136 AH) and was inaugurated the following year.
292:
234:
70:
47:
3917:
The New Islamic Dynasties: A Chronological and Genealogical Manual
2668:
Abbasid descent disputed; installed as caliph by ruler of Aleppo,
95:
in the mid-11th century, and Turkish rulers assumed the title of "
4073:. Paris: Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland.
3486:
2673:
2662:
2619:
2609:
2446:
2442:
Al-Mustansir was the penultimate Caliph of the later Abbasid era.
2348:
2327:
2280:
2043:
1860:
1718:
1644:
1510:
1491:
1462:
1400:
1355:
1279:
1179:
710:
672:
647:
552:
482:
465:
393:
313:
144:
43:
3732:
2339:
His political and religious authority was recognized throughout
1041:
Assassinated by the Turkish military. End of Anarchy at Samarra.
2265:
1983:
1864:
1663:
1420:
1118:
895:
731:
205:
156:
114:
Most Abbasid caliphs were born to a concubine mother, known as
96:
35:
1863:(in 1055), end of Buyid influence. Al-Qa'im granted the title
2529:
2333:
Al-Nasir was the influential Caliph of the Later Abbasid era.
2261:
2018:
1787:
1676:
1628:
1416:
1224:
1183:
786:
660:
306:
31:
3170:
He succeeded as the eleventh caliph for the Mamluk Sultanate
1034:
As a ruler, al-Muhtadi sought to emulate the Umayyad caliph
3606:"Roznama Dunya: اسپیشل فیچرز :- خلافت عباسیہ کا خاتمہ"
3512:
1077:
3789:
3410:
He succeeded his father as the seventeenth caliph for the
2391:
He was nominated as heir in 1189. He succeeded his father.
2618:
Installed as Caliph in Cairo, Egypt by the Mamluk Sultan
2509:, he ruled for a period of 15 years 2 months and 15 days.
2279:
in 1171, restoration of Abbasid authority in Egypt under
1475:
After his brother was killed, he succeeded him as Caliph.
734:, while being seated in an oven in an attempt to cure it.
3809:
The Great Caliphs: The Golden Age of the 'Abbasid Empire
3373:
He succeeded his father as the sixteenth caliph for the
3777:
3655:"ABBASID RULERS (A.D. 750 to 1258) | Facts and Details"
2094:
Al-Rashid Billah was deposed by seljuks and he fled to
3744:
2540:
in 1517, after which the caliphal title passed to the
46:
tribe descended from the uncle of the Islamic prophet
4031:
The Encyclopedia of Islam, New Edition, Volume I: A–B
3857:. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 204.
3696:
2822:
He succeeded his cousin as the fifth caliph for the
2780:
He succeeded his uncle as the fourth Caliph for the
2725:
He succeeded his father as the third caliph for the
2253:
Al-Mustadi succeeded his father Caliph Al-Mustanjid.
514:
from line of succession. In 811, a Civil war of the
4133:
3957:
E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam 1913–1936
3771:
2453:
were destroyed and millions of Muslims were killed.
4189:
3014:He succeeded as the ninth Caliph of Cairo for the
1189:Return of the capital to Baghdad and start of the
4134:Zetterstéen, K. V. & Bosworth, C. E. (1993).
4017:
3718:
2098:where he was assassinated by a team of four Shia
1802:Upholding of Sunni orthodoxy; publication of the
1365:First reign; installed by the commander-in-chief
1238:Nominated heir by his father, Caliph Al-Mu'tadid.
575:During his reign, Caliphate expanded its rule in
4270:
3984:. Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company.
929:. It ended when Al-Mu'tazz became Caliph in 866.
2661:Founder of Mamluk Caliphate under Mamluk ruler
2517:
1090:Start of the "Abbasid revival". Repulse of the
4047:
3722:
3682:. London: G. G. and J. Robinson. p. 201.
305:Al-Mansur was proclaimed Caliph on his way to
4059:
3726:
1734:seventeen years, aṭ-Ṭaʼiʻ was deposed in 991.
1300:Unsuccessful usurpation attempt in favour of
1174:Height of the "Abbasid revival". Recovery of
1105:in Egypt, Gradual decline of Abbasid rule in
518:began. Al-Amin was deposed and killed at the
499:Umm Ja'far Zubaidah bint Ja'far ibn al-Mansur
162:
4000:The Formation of Hanbalism: Piety into Power
1855:Start of Seljuk influence of Baghdad by the
4239:
4033:. Leiden and New York: BRILL. p. 271.
3832:. Cambridge University Press. p. 384.
3811:. Princeton: Yale University Press, p. 47.
3795:
3634:The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
3489:in 1517, making him the last caliph of the
1982:in Syria. He his known for contributing to
789:(848/851). Return to traditional orthodoxy.
316:. He was one of the famous Abbasid caliphs.
4217:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
4157:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
3830:The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines
1293:He was nominated heir by his half-brother
1038:, widely considered a model Islamic ruler.
379:His charitable giving was also impressive.
4225:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 821–822.
4165:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 476–477.
3954:Houtsma, M. Th.; Wensinck, A. J. (1993).
3329:He was the son of Ya'qub and Grandson of
911:Fled to Baghdad in 865, beginning of the
4085:
4049:Al-Tabari, Abu Ja'far Muhammad ibn Jarir
3910:
3738:
3671:
3511:
2495:Last Abbasid caliph of Later Abbasid Era
2439:He succeeded his father caliph Al-Zahir.
2046:(1121). The Almohads were anti-Abbasids.
1783:He succeeded his cousin, Caliph Al-Ta'i.
1426:Killed in battle before Baghdad against
985:Deposed by the Turkic military officers.
590:By the end of al-Ma'mun's reign in 833,
19:For the state ruled by the dynasty, see
4109:
3996:
3934:
3827:
3750:
3714:
3702:
1150:, Abbasid prince and Commander-in-chief
774:As a young prince, he was appointed as
4271:
4247:. In Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor (ed.).
1562:Beginning of the later Abbasid period.
1524:temper the severity of cruel officers.
4051:(1985–2007). Ehsan Yar-Shater (ed.).
3852:
3677:
2102:in June 1138. This was celebrated in
579:especially with Establishment of the
254:(751) secures Muslim predominance in
173:This is the list of Abbasid Caliphs.
4324:Medieval Islamic world-related lists
4187:
3783:
2654:Abu Ali Hasan ibn Abu Bakr ibn Hasan
664:from in 833. under Abbasid official
510:He tried to remove his half-brother
367:Umm Musa Arwa bint Mansur al-Himyari
3610:Roznama Dunya: اسپیشل فیچرز :-
3556:"The golden age of Islam (article)"
2672:, in 1261, proclaimed as caliph by
2635:16 November 1262 – 19 January 1302
2463:2 December 1242 – 20 February 1258
2211:He succeeded his father Al-Muqtafi.
125:
13:
4284:Lists of Islamic religious leaders
2986:September 1383 – 13 November 1386
1754:1 November 991 – 29 November 1031
654:The start of official support for
14:
4335:
3297:5 April 1479 – 27 September 1497
2221:20 December 1170 – 30 March 1180
2175:12 March 1160 – 20 December 1170
1968:Taif Al-Afwah, Egyptian concubine
1478:In 31 October 932 he was deposed.
1094:rebellion and subjugation of the
4171:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_5437
4119:. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press.
3652:
3578:
3483:the sword and mantle of Muhammad
2697:20 January 1302 – February 1340
2580:13 June 1261 – 28 November 1261
2532:under the auspices of the local
1816:29 November 1031 – 2 April 1075
1101:Establishment of the autonomous
855:Decline of the Abbasid Caliphate
744:10 August 847 – 11 December 861
730:Al-Wathiq died as the result of
478:March 809 – 24/25 September 813
428:14 September 786 – 24 March 809
57:The family came to power in the
16:Caliphs of the Abbasid Caliphate
3960:. Vol. IX. Leiden: BRILL.
3904:
3886:
3871:
3846:
3821:
3801:
3772:Zetterstéen & Bosworth 1993
3756:
3086:22 January 1406 – 9 March 1414
2407:11 July 1226 – 2 December 1242
1996:6 August 1118 – 29 August 1135
1608:Ghusn (Amlah al-Nas), concubine
1587:September 944 – 29 January 946
1307:Caliphal title also claimed by
1248:. End of the "Abbasid revival".
222:Rayta bint Ubaydallah al-Harsia
4251:. Leiden: Brill. p. 777.
3708:
3646:
3622:
3598:
3572:
3548:
3526:
2361:5 October 1225 – 11 July 1226
2293:2 March 1180 – 4 October 1225
1947:February 1094 – 6 August 1118
1925:He was born to Abbasid prince
1848:End and disintegration of the
1627:Deposed and blinded after the
1568:Overthrown and blinded by the
1193:missionary activity and raids.
689:5 January 842 – 10 August 847
389:August 785 – 14 September 786
65:. They were the rulers of the
1:
4191:"ʿUmar (II) b. ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz"
3719:Zetterstéen & Pellat 1960
3520:
2738:February 1340 – 17 June 1341
2326:from the Crusaders (1187) by
2144:He was the brother of caliph
2087:Deposed by the Seljuk Sultan
1892:2 April 1075 – February 1094
1837:Badr al-Dija (Qatr al-Nida),
1631:takeover of Baghdad and Iraq.
1051:21 June 870 – 15 October 892
604:9 August 833 – 5 January 842
532:September 813 – 9 August 833
319:During his reign, a Fugitive
284:Muhammad ibn Ali ibn Abdullah
76:(established in 909) and the
4319:13th-century Abbasid caliphs
4314:12th-century Abbasid caliphs
4309:11th-century Abbasid caliphs
4304:10th-century Abbasid caliphs
3501:
3441:Second reign of al-Mustamsik
2774:He was the son of Ahmad ibn
2757:Ahmad ibn al-Hakim, (son of
2518:Caliphs of Cairo (1261–1517)
1499:Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad/Muḥammad
1203:5 April 902 – 13 August 908
781:End of official support for
61:in 748–750, supplanting the
52:Al-Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib
7:
4299:9th-century Abbasid caliphs
4294:8th-century Abbasid caliphs
3893:Houtsma & Wensinck 1993
3762:Bosworth, "Mu'tazz," p. 793
2343:especially in territory of
2100:Nizari Ismailis (Assassins)
921:(865–866). The war between
919:Abbasid Caliphate civil war
583:(824/827) and Start of the
244:(second dynasty of Islamic
10:
4340:
3974:
3953:
3892:
3877:
3807:Bennison, Amira K. (2009)
3585:عالمی تاریخ انسائیکلوپیڈیا
3505:
3311:Abū al-ʿIzz ʿAbd al-ʿAzīz
2521:
1131:October 892 – 5 April 902
166:
163:Abbasid Caliphs (750–1258)
18:
4071:Baron Mac Guckin de Slane
3912:Bosworth, Clifford Edmund
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2538:Ottoman conquest of Egypt
894:Makhariq, concubine from
585:Muslim conquest of Sicily
193:
190:
187:
184:
181:
4053:The History of Al-Ṭabarī
3997:Hurvitz, Nimrod (2002).
3939:. Simon & Schuster.
3935:Bobrick, Benson (2012).
3828:Daftary, Farhad (1992).
3741:, pp. 222–223, 225.
3491:Egyptian based Caliphate
3069:Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad
2969:Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad
2887:Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad
2556:
2127:Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad
1662:Shaghla, concubine from
1555:Khalub Zahrah, concubine
950:Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad
889:Muhammad ibn al-Mu'tasim
542:Abū'l-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh
410:Al-Khayzuran bint 'Attia
356:Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad
212:Abū’l-ʿAbbās ʿAbd Allāh
178:
38:who were members of the
30:were the holders of the
4003:. New York: Routledge.
3853:Hanne, Eric J. (2007).
3180:1441 – 29 January 1451
2907:In 1377 he was deposed.
2163:Siege of Baghdad (1157)
2137:Ashin, Syrian concubine
2077:Khushf, Iraqi concubine
2033:Ahmad ibn Nizam al-Mulk
1903:Abū'l-Qāsim ʿAbd Allāh
1451:Abū al-Manṣūr Muḥammad
1344:Abū al-Manṣūr Muḥammad
1302:Abdallah ibn al-Mu'tazz
913:Fifth Fitna (civil war)
449:Al-Khayzuran bint 'Atta
3544:on September 24, 2015.
3538:Oxford Islamic Studies
3517:
3194:Abū al-Rabīʿ Sulaymān
3097:Abū al-Faḍl al-ʿAbbas
3055:1389 – 9 January 1406
2711:Abū ar-Rabīʾ Sulaymān
2507:Mongol sack of Baghdad
2056:29 August 1135 – 1136
1978:The appearance of the
1488:934 – 23 December 940
806:861 – 7 or 8 June 862
568:, major revamp of the
278:Abū Jaʿfar ʿAbd Allāh
4245:"al-Muʿtaḍid Bi'llāh"
3725:, v. 32: pp. 229-30;
3579:Khan, Syed Muhammad.
3515:
3270:Abū al-Maḥāsin Yūsuf
2849:Abū al-Fatḥ Abū Bakr
2768:He was a grandson of
2601:Umm ahmad (concubine)
2522:Further information:
2418:Abū Jaʿfar al-Manṣūr
2324:Recovery of Jerusalem
2186:Abū'l-Muẓaffar Yūsuf
2116:1136 – 12 March 1160
2089:Ghiyath ad-Din Mas'ud
2067:Abu Jaʿfar al-Manṣūr
2007:Abū'l-Manṣūr al-Faḍl
1909:Muhammad ibn al-Qa'im
1771:Ishaq ibn al-Muqtadir
1737:Deposed by the Buyid
1641:29 January 946 – 974
1440:31 October 932 – 934
1379:929 – 31 October 932
1164:He was the nephew of
658:, institution of the
642:Establishment of the
577:Mediterranean Islands
167:Further information:
4188:Cobb, P. M. (2000).
4027:"Ahmad b. Abi Du'ad"
3678:Aikin, John (1747).
3259:1455 – 7 April 1479
3038:Abū Yaḥya Zakarīyāʾ
2928:Abū Yaḥya Zakarīyāʾ
2808:Abū'l-ʿAbbas ʾAḥmad
2752:Abū ʾIsḥāq ʾIbrāhīm
1850:Caliphate of Córdoba
1827:Abu Ja'far Abdallah
1652:Abū'l-Qāsim al-Faḍl
1258:13 August 908 – 929
1036:Umar ibn Abd al-Aziz
817:Abū Jaʿfar Muḥammad
566:Translation Movement
553:Umm Abdallah Marajil
78:Caliphate of Córdoba
3976:Lane-Poole, Stanley
3786:, pp. 821–822.
3774:, pp. 476–477.
3723:Al-Tabari 1985–2007
3659:factsanddetails.com
3485:—to Ottoman Sultan
3232:Abū al-Baqāʾ Ḥamza
2649:Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad
2505:Executed after the
2304:Abu'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad
1958:Abū l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad
1142:Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad
1062:Abū'l-ʿAbbās Aḥmad
1027:Reigned during the
1006:Abū Isḥāq Muḥammad
975:Reigned during the
904:Reigned during the
838:Reigned during the
785:, abolition of the
675:city. He moved the
666:Ahmad ibn Abi Du'ad
626:Maridah bint Shabib
615:Abū Isḥāq Muḥammad
345:775 – 4 August 785
268:10 June 754 – 775
4241:Zetterstéen, K. V.
4019:Zetterstéen, K. V.
3727:Ibn Khallikan 1842
3518:
3434:Abū al-Ṣabr Yaqūb
3356:Abū al-Ṣabr Yaqūb
3149:Abū al-Fatḥ Dāwud
2591:Abū'l-Qāsim Aḥmad
2372:Abu Nasr Muḥammad
2038:Foundation of the
1545:Abū Isḥāq Ibrāhīm
1428:Mu'nis al-Muzaffar
1390:Abū'l-Faḍl Jaʿfar
1367:Mu'nis al-Muzaffar
1269:Abū'l-Faḍl Jaʿfar
1214:Abū Muḥammad ʿAlī
1029:Anarchy at Samarra
995:869 – 21 June 870
977:Anarchy at Samarra
906:Anarchy at Samarra
840:Anarchy at Samarra
677:capital to Samarra
512:Abdallah al-Ma'mun
488:Abū Mūsā Muḥammad
399:Abū Muḥammad Mūsā
329:Emirate of Córdoba
82:Anarchy at Samarra
59:Abbasid Revolution
42:, a branch of the
4289:Lists of monarchs
4258:978-90-04-08265-6
4232:978-90-04-11211-7
4180:978-90-04-09419-2
4102:978-0-88706-058-8
3967:978-90-04-09796-4
3864:978-0-8386-4113-2
3839:978-0-521-42974-0
3581:"خاندان بنو عباس"
3499:
3498:
3446:Al-Mutawakkil III
3123:Shaykh al-Mahmudi
2685:Almohad Caliphate
2515:
2514:
2277:Fatimid Caliphate
1927:Muhammad Dhakirat
1804:Baghdad Manifesto
1786:Installed by the
1675:Installed by the
1615:Installed by the
1317:Abd al-Rahman III
700:Abū Jaʿfar Hārūn
291:, (possibly from
202:750 – 8 June 754
169:Abbasid Caliphate
134:
74:Fatimid Caliphate
67:Abbasid Caliphate
63:Umayyad Caliphate
21:Abbasid Caliphate
4331:
4262:
4236:
4212:Heinrichs, W. P.
4193:
4184:
4148:Heinrichs, W. P.
4130:
4106:
4082:
4069:. Translated by
4056:
4044:
4014:
3993:
3971:
3950:
3931:
3899:
3890:
3884:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3850:
3844:
3843:
3825:
3819:
3805:
3799:
3796:Zetterstéen 1987
3793:
3787:
3781:
3775:
3769:
3763:
3760:
3754:
3748:
3742:
3736:
3730:
3712:
3706:
3700:
3694:
3693:
3675:
3669:
3668:
3666:
3665:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3602:
3596:
3595:
3593:
3592:
3576:
3570:
3569:
3567:
3566:
3552:
3546:
3545:
3540:. Archived from
3530:
3412:Mamluk Sultanate
3375:Mamluk Sultanate
3362:Al-Mutawakkil II
3016:Mamluk Sultanate
2824:Mamluk Sultanate
2782:Mamluk Sultanate
2727:Mamluk Sultanate
2554:
2553:
2524:Mamluk Sultanate
2315:Sayyida Zumurrud
2150:Al-Rashid Billah
1911:, Abbasid prince
1776:Tumna, concubine
1773:, Abbasid prince
1113:, North Africa,
891:, Abbasid prince
766:Umm Ja'far Shuja
628:, probably from
581:Emirate of Crete
520:Siege of Baghdad
218:Muhammad ibn Ali
176:
175:
149:Byzantine Greeks
129:
127:
4339:
4338:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4330:
4329:
4328:
4279:Abbasid caliphs
4269:
4268:
4259:
4233:
4204:Bosworth, C. E.
4181:
4140:Bosworth, C. E.
4127:
4126:978-0-306814808
4103:
4087:Bosworth, C. E.
4041:
4011:
3968:
3947:
3928:
3907:
3902:
3891:
3887:
3876:
3872:
3865:
3851:
3847:
3840:
3826:
3822:
3806:
3802:
3794:
3790:
3782:
3778:
3770:
3766:
3761:
3757:
3749:
3745:
3737:
3733:
3721:, p. 271;
3717:, p. 124;
3713:
3709:
3701:
3697:
3690:
3676:
3672:
3663:
3661:
3653:Hays, Jeffrey.
3651:
3647:
3638:
3636:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3614:
3612:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3590:
3588:
3577:
3573:
3564:
3562:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3532:
3531:
3527:
3523:
3510:
3508:Abbasid dynasty
3504:
3331:Al-Mutawakkil I
3318:al-Mutawakkil I
3276:Al-Mutawakkil I
3238:Al-Mutawakkil I
3200:Al-Mutawakkil I
3155:Al-Mutawakkil I
3103:Al-Mutawakkil I
3000:Abū Ḥafṣ ʿUmar
2678:al-Mustansir II
2670:Aqqush al-Burli
2624:Aqqush al-Burli
2572:Notable Events
2549:Ayyubid dynasty
2542:Ottoman dynasty
2526:
2520:
2500:Abbasid dynasty
2345:Ayyubid dynasty
1683:Mu'izz al-Dawla
1369:for a two days.
1309:al-Mahdi Billah
1153:Dirar (Hariz),
1111:Sind and Punjab
1103:Tulunid dynasty
1076:concubine from
621:Harun al-Rashid
570:House of Wisdom
548:Harun al-Rashid
494:Harun al-Rashid
464:established in
462:Idrisid dynasty
433:Hārūn al-Rashīd
325:Abd al-Rahman I
252:Battle of Talas
242:Abbasid dynasty
240:Founder of the
194:Notable Events
171:
165:
105:Sack of Baghdad
40:Abbasid dynasty
28:Abbasid caliphs
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4337:
4327:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4286:
4281:
4267:
4266:
4263:
4257:
4237:
4231:
4208:van Donzel, E.
4196:Bearman, P. J.
4185:
4179:
4144:van Donzel, E.
4131:
4125:
4107:
4101:
4089:, ed. (1987).
4083:
4057:
4045:
4039:
4015:
4009:
3994:
3972:
3966:
3951:
3946:978-1416567622
3945:
3932:
3926:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3900:
3885:
3870:
3863:
3845:
3838:
3820:
3800:
3798:, p. 777.
3788:
3776:
3764:
3755:
3753:, p. 232.
3743:
3731:
3707:
3695:
3688:
3670:
3645:
3621:
3597:
3571:
3547:
3534:"Umm al-Walad"
3524:
3522:
3519:
3506:Main article:
3503:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3479:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3458:
3455:
3451:
3450:
3449:
3448:
3442:
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3424:
3421:
3417:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3408:
3403:
3401:
3398:
3387:
3384:
3380:
3379:
3378:
3377:
3371:
3366:
3365:
3364:
3357:
3354:
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3333:
3325:
3324:
3323:
3320:
3312:
3309:
3298:
3295:
3291:
3290:
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3288:
3283:
3282:
3281:
3278:
3271:
3268:
3260:
3257:
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3250:
3245:
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3212:
3207:
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3157:
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3126:
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3114:
3113:
3112:
3105:
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3025:
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3010:
3009:
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3001:
2998:
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2967:
2956:
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2911:
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2795:
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2788:
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2778:
2772:
2764:
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2762:
2753:
2750:
2739:
2736:
2732:
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2729:
2721:
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2712:
2709:
2698:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2689:
2688:
2681:
2666:
2657:
2656:
2655:
2650:
2647:
2636:
2633:
2629:
2628:
2627:
2626:
2616:
2613:
2604:
2603:
2602:
2599:
2592:
2589:
2581:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2566:Personal Name
2564:
2561:
2558:
2534:Mamluk sultans
2519:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2503:
2496:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2482:
2475:
2472:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2456:
2455:
2454:
2443:
2440:
2435:
2434:
2433:
2426:
2419:
2416:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2387:
2386:
2385:
2380:
2373:
2370:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2354:
2353:
2352:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2319:
2318:
2317:
2312:
2305:
2302:
2294:
2291:
2287:
2286:
2285:
2284:
2273:
2257:
2254:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2230:
2222:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2194:
2187:
2184:
2176:
2173:
2169:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2160:
2153:
2140:
2139:
2138:
2135:
2128:
2125:
2123:li-ʾamri ’llāh
2117:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2108:
2107:
2092:
2085:
2080:
2079:
2078:
2075:
2068:
2065:
2057:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2040:Almohad Empire
2036:
2035:as his vizier.
2029:
2024:
2023:
2022:
2015:
2008:
2005:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1976:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1959:
1956:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1921:
1920:
1919:
1912:
1904:
1901:
1893:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1884:
1883:
1876:
1853:
1844:
1843:
1842:
1835:
1828:
1825:
1817:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1808:
1807:
1800:
1797:
1794:Baha' al-Dawla
1784:
1779:
1778:
1777:
1774:
1766:
1763:
1755:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1746:
1745:
1742:Baha' al-Dawla
1735:
1731:
1726:
1725:
1724:
1723:Utb al-Rumiyah
1721:
1714:
1711:
1703:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1686:
1673:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1660:
1653:
1650:
1642:
1639:
1635:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1625:
1618:amīr al-umarāʾ
1611:
1610:
1609:
1606:
1599:
1596:
1588:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1579:
1578:
1571:amīr al-umarāʾ
1566:
1563:
1558:
1557:
1556:
1553:
1546:
1543:
1535:
1532:
1528:
1527:
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1525:
1521:
1516:
1515:
1514:
1507:
1500:
1497:
1489:
1486:
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1479:
1476:
1473:
1468:
1467:
1466:
1459:
1452:
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1438:
1434:
1433:
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1431:
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1410:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1391:
1388:
1380:
1377:
1373:
1372:
1371:
1370:
1361:
1360:
1359:
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1325:
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1287:
1277:
1270:
1267:
1259:
1256:
1252:
1251:
1250:
1249:
1242:
1239:
1234:
1233:
1232:
1222:
1215:
1212:
1204:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1195:
1194:
1187:
1172:
1169:
1160:
1159:
1158:
1151:
1143:
1140:
1132:
1129:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1099:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1070:
1063:
1060:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1044:
1043:
1042:
1039:
1032:
1023:
1022:
1021:
1014:
1007:
1004:
996:
993:
989:
988:
987:
986:
983:
980:
971:
970:
969:
958:
951:
948:
940:
937:
933:
932:
931:
930:
916:
909:
900:
899:
898:
892:
884:
881:
873:
870:
866:
865:
864:
863:
856:
853:
842:
834:
833:
832:
825:
818:
815:
807:
804:
800:
799:
798:
797:
790:
779:
770:
769:
768:
763:
756:
753:
745:
742:
738:
737:
736:
735:
728:
725:
720:
719:
718:
708:
701:
698:
690:
687:
683:
682:
681:
680:
669:
652:
640:
634:
633:
632:
623:
616:
613:
605:
602:
598:
597:
596:
595:
588:
573:
564:Launch of the
562:
557:
556:
555:
550:
543:
540:
533:
530:
526:
525:
524:
523:
508:
503:
502:
501:
496:
489:
486:
479:
476:
472:
471:
470:
469:
458:
453:
452:
451:
446:
439:
436:
429:
426:
422:
421:
420:
419:
414:
413:
412:
407:
400:
397:
390:
387:
383:
382:
381:
380:
376:
371:
370:
369:
364:
357:
354:
346:
343:
339:
338:
337:
336:
317:
310:
303:
298:
297:
296:
286:
279:
276:
269:
266:
262:
261:
260:
259:
249:
238:
229:Descendant of
225:
224:
223:
220:
213:
210:
203:
200:
196:
195:
192:
189:
188:Personal Name
186:
183:
180:
164:
161:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4336:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4264:
4260:
4254:
4250:
4246:
4242:
4238:
4234:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4218:
4213:
4209:
4205:
4201:
4200:Bianquis, Th.
4197:
4192:
4186:
4182:
4176:
4172:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4158:
4153:
4149:
4145:
4141:
4137:
4132:
4128:
4122:
4118:
4117:
4112:
4111:Kennedy, Hugh
4108:
4104:
4098:
4094:
4093:
4088:
4084:
4080:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4067:
4062:
4061:Ibn Khallikan
4058:
4054:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4040:90-04-08114-3
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4012:
4010:0-7007-1507-X
4006:
4002:
4001:
3995:
3991:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3977:
3973:
3969:
3963:
3959:
3958:
3952:
3948:
3942:
3938:
3933:
3929:
3927:0-7486-2137-7
3923:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3909:
3908:
3898:
3894:
3889:
3883:
3879:
3878:Bosworth 2004
3874:
3866:
3860:
3856:
3849:
3841:
3835:
3831:
3824:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3804:
3797:
3792:
3785:
3780:
3773:
3768:
3759:
3752:
3747:
3740:
3739:Bosworth 1987
3735:
3729:, p. 65.
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3711:
3705:, p. 24.
3704:
3699:
3691:
3685:
3681:
3674:
3660:
3656:
3649:
3635:
3631:
3625:
3611:
3607:
3601:
3586:
3582:
3575:
3561:
3557:
3551:
3543:
3539:
3535:
3529:
3525:
3514:
3509:
3492:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3477:
3476:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3467:
3463:
3462:al-Mutawakkil
3459:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3447:
3443:
3440:
3439:
3438:
3436:
3433:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3413:
3409:
3406:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3396:
3392:
3391:al-Mutawakkil
3388:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3376:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3367:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3334:
3332:
3328:
3327:
3326:
3321:
3319:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3302:al-Mutawakkil
3299:
3296:
3293:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3261:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3248:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3235:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3228:bi-ʾamr Allāh
3227:
3223:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3197:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3175:
3169:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3134:
3131:
3130:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3100:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3088:
3085:
3082:
3081:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3061:
3060:al-Mutawakkil
3057:
3054:
3051:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3022:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3011:
3007:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2992:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2981:
2975:
2974:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2960:al-Mutawakkil
2957:
2954:
2951:
2950:
2944:
2941:
2940:
2939:
2935:
2932:
2931:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2912:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2894:
2893:Al-Mu'tadid I
2891:
2890:
2889:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2878:al-Mutawakkil
2875:
2872:
2869:
2868:
2862:
2861:
2860:
2856:
2855:Al-Mustakfi I
2853:
2852:
2851:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2814:Al-Mustakfi I
2812:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2804:
2801:bi-Amri'llāh
2800:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2783:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2771:
2767:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2756:
2755:
2754:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2728:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2713:
2710:
2708:
2707:
2703:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2692:
2686:
2682:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2664:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2653:
2652:
2651:
2648:
2646:
2645:
2642:bi-Amri'llāh
2641:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2614:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2605:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2575:
2555:
2552:
2550:
2545:
2543:
2539:
2535:
2531:
2525:
2508:
2504:
2501:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2487:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2477:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2469:
2465:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2437:
2436:
2431:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2421:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2406:
2403:
2402:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2389:
2388:
2384:
2381:
2379:
2376:
2375:
2374:
2371:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2356:
2350:
2346:
2342:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2307:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2299:
2295:
2292:
2289:
2288:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2263:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2228:bi-amri ʾllāh
2227:
2223:
2220:
2217:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2203:
2199:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2189:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2170:
2164:
2161:
2158:
2154:
2151:
2148:and uncle of
2147:
2146:Al-Mustarshid
2143:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2129:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2105:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2083:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2073:Al-Mustarshid
2071:
2070:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2001:al-Mustarshid
1998:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1985:
1981:
1980:First Crusade
1977:
1974:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1935:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1906:
1905:
1902:
1900:
1899:bi-amri ’llāh
1898:
1894:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1881:
1877:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1836:
1834:
1831:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1824:
1823:bi-amri 'llāh
1822:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1811:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1780:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1768:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1760:
1756:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1727:
1722:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1715:
1713:Abd al-Karīm
1712:
1710:
1709:li-amri ʿllāh
1708:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1690:
1687:
1684:
1681:
1678:
1674:
1671:
1670:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1619:
1614:
1613:
1612:
1607:
1605:
1602:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1582:
1576:
1573:
1572:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1548:
1547:
1544:
1542:
1540:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1470:
1469:
1464:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1435:
1429:
1425:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1411:
1408:
1407:
1406:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1389:
1387:
1385:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1368:
1364:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1353:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1322:
1318:
1315:from 909 and
1314:
1310:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1290:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1273:
1272:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1247:
1243:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1230:
1226:
1223:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1216:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1198:
1192:
1188:
1185:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1144:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1083:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1069:
1068:Al-Mutawakkil
1066:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1046:
1040:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1026:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1001:
997:
994:
991:
990:
984:
981:
978:
974:
973:
972:
967:
963:
959:
957:
956:Al-Mutawakkil
954:
953:
952:
949:
947:
945:
941:
938:
935:
934:
928:
924:
920:
917:
914:
910:
907:
903:
902:
901:
897:
893:
890:
887:
886:
885:
882:
880:
878:
874:
871:
868:
867:
861:
857:
854:
851:
847:
843:
841:
837:
836:
835:
830:
826:
824:
823:Al-Mutawakkil
821:
820:
819:
816:
814:
812:
808:
805:
802:
801:
795:
791:
788:
784:
780:
777:
773:
772:
771:
767:
764:
762:
759:
758:
757:
754:
752:
750:
749:al-Mutawakkil
746:
743:
740:
739:
733:
729:
726:
723:
722:
721:
716:
712:
709:
707:
704:
703:
702:
699:
697:
695:
691:
688:
685:
684:
678:
674:
670:
667:
663:
662:
657:
653:
650:
649:
645:
641:
637:
636:
635:
631:
627:
624:
622:
619:
618:
617:
614:
612:
610:
606:
603:
600:
599:
593:
592:Ibn Abi Du'ad
589:
586:
582:
578:
574:
571:
567:
563:
560:
559:
558:
554:
551:
549:
546:
545:
544:
541:
539:
538:
534:
531:
528:
527:
521:
517:
513:
509:
506:
505:
504:
500:
497:
495:
492:
491:
490:
487:
485:
484:
480:
477:
474:
473:
467:
463:
459:
456:
455:
454:
450:
447:
445:
442:
441:
440:
437:
435:
434:
430:
427:
424:
423:
417:
416:
415:
411:
408:
406:
403:
402:
401:
398:
396:
395:
391:
388:
385:
384:
377:
374:
373:
372:
368:
365:
363:
360:
359:
358:
355:
353:
351:
347:
344:
341:
340:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
315:
311:
308:
304:
301:
300:
299:
294:
290:
287:
285:
282:
281:
280:
277:
275:
274:
270:
267:
264:
263:
257:
253:
250:
247:
243:
239:
236:
232:
228:
227:
226:
221:
219:
216:
215:
214:
211:
209:
208:
204:
201:
198:
197:
177:
174:
170:
160:
158:
155:or even from
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
132:
123:
119:
118:
112:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
90:
87:
83:
79:
75:
72:
68:
64:
60:
55:
53:
49:
45:
41:
37:
33:
29:
22:
4248:
4222:
4215:
4162:
4155:
4136:"al-Muhtadī"
4115:
4091:
4065:
4052:
4030:
3999:
3980:
3955:
3936:
3916:
3905:Bibliography
3888:
3873:
3854:
3848:
3829:
3823:
3808:
3803:
3791:
3779:
3767:
3758:
3751:Kennedy 2006
3746:
3734:
3715:Hurvitz 2002
3710:
3703:Bobrick 2012
3698:
3679:
3673:
3662:. Retrieved
3658:
3648:
3637:. Retrieved
3633:
3624:
3613:. Retrieved
3609:
3600:
3589:. Retrieved
3584:
3574:
3563:. Retrieved
3560:Khan Academy
3559:
3550:
3542:the original
3537:
3528:
3478:Second reign
3465:
3461:
3428:al-Mustamsik
3427:
3423:1516 – 1517
3394:
3390:
3386:1508 – 1516
3350:al-Mustamsik
3349:
3345:1497 – 1508
3322:Haj al-Malik
3305:
3301:
3264:al-Mustanjid
3263:
3225:
3221:1451 – 1455
3188:
3184:
3143:
3139:
3135:1414 – 1441
3107:Bay Khatun,
3090:
3063:
3059:
3045:Second reign
3032:al-Mustaʿṣim
3031:
3027:1386 – 1389
2994:
2990:
2976:Second reign
2963:
2959:
2955:1377 – 1383
2922:al-Mustaʿṣim
2921:
2881:
2877:
2873:1362 – 1377
2843:
2839:
2835:1352 – 1362
2802:
2798:
2794:1341 – 1352
2746:
2742:
2705:
2701:
2683:Fall of the
2665:'s auspices.
2643:
2639:
2585:al-Mustanṣir
2584:
2563:Regnal Name
2546:
2527:
2480:Al-Mustansir
2468:al-Mustaʿṣim
2467:
2412:al-Mustanṣir
2411:
2382:
2368:bi-amri’llāh
2365:
2300:li-Dīn Allāh
2297:
2238:Al-Mustanjid
2225:
2180:al-Mustanjid
2179:
2133:Al-Mustazhir
2120:
2060:
2013:Al-Mustazhir
2000:
1952:al-Mustaẓhir
1951:
1896:
1873:Malik Shah I
1867:to Tughril,
1857:Seljuk Turks
1820:
1758:
1706:
1645:
1616:
1591:
1569:
1538:
1492:
1472:Second reign
1444:
1409:Second reign
1383:
1337:
1262:
1207:
1135:
1055:
999:
943:
876:
810:
776:Amir al-hajj
748:
693:
659:
646:
630:Sughd Region
608:
535:
516:Fourth Fitna
481:
432:
392:
349:
271:
256:Central Asia
206:
185:Regnal Name
172:
117:umm al-walad
115:
113:
93:Seljuk Turks
56:
27:
25:
4161:Volume VII:
4152:Pellat, Ch.
4023:Pellat, Ch.
3407:First reign
3370:First reign
3316:Ya'qub ibn
3185:al-Mustakfī
3140:al-Muʿtaḍid
3091:al-Mustaʿīn
3076:Third reign
3006:Al-Wathiq I
2942:First reign
2934:Al-Wathiq I
2901:First reign
2840:al-Muʿtaḍid
2702:al-Mustakfī
2498:End of the
2474:ʿAbd Allāh
2341:Middle East
2275:End of the
2226:al-Mustaḍīʾ
2106:for a week.
1658:Al-Muqtadir
1598:ʿAbd Allāh
1592:al-Mustakfī
1551:Al-Muqtadir
1505:Al-Muqtadir
1457:Al-Mu'tadid
1396:Al-Mu'tadid
1384:al-Muqtadir
1350:Al-Mu'tadid
1275:Al-Mu'tadid
1263:al-Muqtadir
1220:Al-Mu'tadid
1166:Al-Mu'tamid
1148:Al-Muwaffaq
1136:al-Muʿtaḍid
1115:Middle East
1107:Transoxiana
1096:Zanj Revolt
1056:al-Muʿtamid
923:Al-Musta'in
877:al-Mustaʿīn
860:Banu Hashim
846:al-Muntasir
811:al-Muntaṣir
794:al-Muntasir
783:Mu'tazilism
761:Al-Mu'tasim
706:Al-Mu'tasim
671:Founder of
656:Mu'tazilism
609:al-Muʿtaṣim
327:founds the
312:Founder of
137:Abyssinians
101:Sunni Islam
4273:Categories
4079:1184199260
3817:0300167989
3689:1333072457
3664:2023-06-30
3639:2023-06-30
3615:2023-06-30
3591:2023-06-30
3565:2023-06-30
3521:References
3464:ʿalā'llāh
3393:ʿalā'llāh
3304:ʿalā'llāh
3280:Bay Khatun
3242:Bay Khatun
3204:Bay Khatun
3062:ʿalā'llāh
2962:ʿalā'llāh
2880:ʿalā'llāh
2770:Al-Hakim I
2759:al-Hakim I
2717:Al-Hakim I
2486:Abyssinian
2310:Al-Mustadi
2202:Abyssinian
2192:Al-Muqtafi
2121:al-Muqtafī
1964:Al-Muqtadi
1933:Umm walad.
1914:Urjuwuan,
1897:al-Muqtadī
1880:Almoravids
1869:Alp Arslan
1702:974 – 991
1604:Al-Muktafi
1539:al-Muttaqī
1534:940 – 944
1295:Al-Muktafi
1208:al-Muktafī
1109:, Persia,
1058:ʿalā ’llāh
1000:al-Muhtadī
944:al-Muʿtazz
939:866 – 869
927:Al-Mu'tazz
872:862 – 866
850:al-Mu'tazz
848:, then by
827:Hubshiya,
751:ʿalā 'llāh
639:successor.
333:al-Andalus
4221:Volume X:
3784:Cobb 2000
3587:(in Urdu)
3502:Genealogy
3471:Muḥammad
3400:Muḥammad
3163:concubine
3142:bi-'llāh
3111:concubine
2993:bi-'llāh
2991:al-Wāthiq
2842:bi-'llāh
2745:bi-'llāh
2743:al-Wāthiq
2488:concubine
2451:Samarkand
2432:concubine
2270:Jerusalem
2246:concubine
2232:al-Ḥasan
2204:concubine
2061:al-Rāshid
2021:concubine
1937:Abbasids.
1918:concubine
1841:concubine
1513:concubine
1509:Thaloum,
1465:concubine
1413:Qarmatian
1358:concubine
1323:from 929.
1286:concubine
1231:concubine
1191:Qarmatian
1157:concubine
1092:Saffarids
1020:concubine
1012:Al-Wathiq
968:concubine
831:concubine
717:concubine
694:al-Wāthiq
537:al-Maʾmūn
362:Al-Mansur
273:al-Manṣūr
246:Caliphate
237:'s uncle.
207:al-Saffāḥ
141:Armenians
111:in 1258.
34:title of
4243:(1987).
4214:(eds.).
4154:(eds.).
4113:(2006).
4063:(1842).
4025:(1960).
3978:(1894).
3914:(1996).
3430:bi-'llāh
3352:bi-'llāh
3266:bi-'llāh
3226:al-Qāʾim
3187:bi-llāh
3093:bi-'llāh
3034:bi-'llāh
2924:bi-'llāh
2799:al-Ḥākim
2776:al-Hakim
2704:bi-llāh
2687:in 1269.
2640:al-Ḥākim
2597:Az-Zahir
2569:Parents
2470:bi-'llāh
2424:Al-Zahir
2414:bi-'llāh
2378:Al-Nasir
2366:al-Ẓāhir
2298:al-Nāṣir
2244:Armenian
2242:Ghadha,
2196:Thawus,
2182:bi-'llāh
2063:bi-'llāh
2017:Lubaba,
2003:bi-'llāh
1954:bi-'llāh
1931:Armenian
1916:Armenian
1839:Armenian
1833:Al-Qadir
1821:al-Qāʾim
1761:bi-'llāh
1759:al-Qādir
1707:al-Ṭāʾiʿ
1648:li-ʾllāh
1646:al-Muṭīʿ
1594:bi-ʾllāh
1541:li-'llāh
1495:bi-'llāh
1461:Fitnah,
1447:bi-'llāh
1445:al-Qāhir
1415:sack of
1386:bi-'llāh
1354:Fitnah,
1340:bi-'llāh
1338:al-Qāhir
1313:Fatimids
1265:bi-'llāh
1246:Tulunids
1210:bi-'llāh
1138:bi-'llāh
1072:Fityan,
1002:bi-'llāh
960:Sabiha (
946:bi-ʾllāh
879:bi-ʾllāh
813:bi-'llāh
696:bi-'llāh
611:bi-’llāh
444:Al-Mahdi
405:Al-Mahdi
352:bi-'llāh
350:al-Mahdī
293:Nefzaoua
289:Sallamah
235:Muhammad
231:al-Abbas
191:Parents
126:أم الولد
48:Muhammad
4163:Mif–Naz
3990:1199708
3487:Selim I
3161:Turkish
3159:Kazal,
3109:Turkish
2674:Baybars
2663:Baybars
2620:Baybars
2610:Baybars
2587:bi-llāh
2484:Hajer,
2447:Bukhara
2430:Turkish
2428:Zahra,
2349:Saladin
2328:Saladin
2281:Saladin
2198:Turkish
2157:Seljuks
2096:Isfahan
2044:Maghreb
2042:in the
1929:and an
1861:Tughril
1852:(1031).
1719:Al-Muti
1692:August.
1493:al-Rāḍī
1401:Shaghab
1321:Córdoba
1311:of the
1280:Shaghab
1229:Turkish
1180:Thughur
755:Jaʿfar
711:Qaratis
679:in 836.
673:Samarra
648:ghilman
644:Turkish
483:al-Amīn
466:Morocco
394:al-Hādī
323:prince
321:Umayyad
314:Baghdad
153:Turkish
145:Berbers
133:
109:Mongols
107:by the
44:Quraysh
32:Islamic
4255:
4229:
4210:&
4177:
4150:&
4123:
4099:
4077:
4037:
4007:
3988:
3964:
3943:
3924:
3861:
3836:
3815:
3686:
2676:after
2560:Reign
2266:Medina
2104:Alamut
1984:Mawdud
1871:, and
1865:Sultan
1859:under
1765:Aḥmad
1664:Sicily
1511:Berber
1463:Berber
1423:(930).
1421:Medina
1356:Berber
1304:(908).
1176:Jazira
1119:Arabia
1016:Qurb,
962:Qabiha
896:Sicily
883:Aḥmad
787:miḥnah
732:dropsy
468:(788).
438:Hārūn
335:(756).
182:Reign
157:Sicily
122:Arabic
97:Sultan
36:caliph
4194:. In
4138:. In
3457:1517
3454:(17)
3420:(16)
2917:1377
2680:died.
2530:Cairo
2262:Mecca
2019:Slavs
1788:Buyid
1677:Buyid
1629:Buyid
1622:Tuzun
1575:Tuzun
1437:(19)
1417:Mecca
1376:(18)
1284:Greek
1225:Jijak
1184:Jibal
1155:Greek
1074:Greek
1018:Greek
966:Greek
829:Greek
715:Greek
661:mihna
587:(827)
307:Mecca
89:Emirs
86:Buyid
71:Shi'a
4253:ISBN
4227:ISBN
4175:ISBN
4121:ISBN
4097:ISBN
4075:OCLC
4035:ISBN
4005:ISBN
3986:OCLC
3962:ISBN
3941:ISBN
3922:ISBN
3897:p. 3
3882:p. 7
3859:ISBN
3834:ISBN
3813:ISBN
3684:ISBN
3052:(7)
3024:(8)
2952:(7)
2557:No.
2383:Asma
2268:and
1878:The
1791:Amir
1739:Amir
1680:Amir
1419:and
1333:929
1117:and
1087:him.
1078:Kufa
925:and
179:No.
131:lit.
26:The
4223:T–U
4167:doi
3466:III
3395:III
3383:17
3342:16
3294:15
3256:14
3218:13
3177:12
3132:11
3083:10
2460:37
2404:36
2358:35
2347:of
2290:34
2218:33
2200:or
2172:32
2113:31
2053:30
1993:29
1944:28
1889:27
1813:26
1751:25
1699:24
1638:23
1584:22
1531:21
1485:20
1330:19
1319:of
1255:18
1200:17
1128:16
1048:15
992:14
964:),
936:13
869:12
803:11
741:10
331:in
4275::
4219:.
4206:;
4202:;
4198:;
4173:.
4159:.
4146:;
4142:;
4029:.
4021:;
3895:,
3880:,
3657:.
3632:.
3608:.
3583:.
3558:.
3536:.
3306:II
3189:II
3144:II
2995:II
2983:9
2914:8
2870:7
2832:6
2803:II
2791:5
2735:4
2694:3
2632:2
2577:1
2551:.
2544:.
2449:,
2264:,
1282:,
1227:,
1182:,
1178:,
713:,
686:9
601:8
529:7
475:6
425:5
386:4
342:3
265:2
248:).
233:,
199:1
159:.
151:,
147:,
143:,
139:,
128:,
124::
54:.
50:,
4261:.
4235:.
4183:.
4169::
4129:.
4105:.
4081:.
4043:.
4013:.
3992:.
3970:.
3949:.
3930:.
3867:.
3842:.
3692:.
3667:.
3642:.
3618:.
3594:.
3568:.
3493:.
3125:.
3064:I
2964:I
2882:I
2844:I
2784:.
2761:)
2747:I
2706:I
2644:I
2612:.
2351:.
2330:.
2283:.
2272:.
2159:.
2152:.
2091:.
1875:.
1806:.
1796:.
1744:.
1685:.
1624:.
1577:.
1430:.
1186:.
1121:.
1098:.
1031:.
979:.
915:.
908:.
862:.
796:.
668:.
522:.
295:)
258:.
120:(
23:.
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