Shia Islam - Knowledge

4404: 3498: 2468: 3658: 2723:, God gives humans the faculty of reason and argument. Also, God orders humans to spend time thinking carefully on creation while he refers to all creations as his signs of power and glory. These signs encompass all of the universe. Furthermore, there is a similarity between humans as the little world and the universe as the large world. God does not accept the faith of those who follow him without thinking and only with imitation, but also God blames them for such actions. In other words, humans have to think about the universe with reason and intellect, a faculty bestowed on us by God. Since there is more insistence on the faculty of intellect among Shia Muslims, even evaluating the claims of someone who claims prophecy is on the basis of intellect. 7079: 3458: 3572: 3608: 4446: 4423: 6235: 3507: 6709: 5297: 7785:. The theology of the Imams that developed over the next several centuries made little distinction between the authority of the Imams to politically lead the Muslim community and their spiritual prowess; quite to the contrary, their right to political leadership was grounded in their special spiritual insight. While in theory, the only just ruler of the Muslim community was the Imam, the Imams were politically marginal after the first generation. In practice, Shiʿi Muslims negotiated varied approaches to both interpretative authority over 3207: 5366: 1957: 5327: 6461:. Born in 985 CE, he ascended as ruler at the age of eleven. When in 1021 CE his mule returned without him, soaked in blood, a religious group that was forming in his lifetime broke off from mainstream Ismāʿīlīsm and did not acknowledge his successor. Later to be known as the Druze, they believe Al-Ḥākim to be God incarnate and the prophesied Mahdi on Earth, who would one day return and bring justice to the world. The Druze faith further split from Ismāʿīlīsm as it developed into a distinct 5058: 4953: 5233: 4917: 23595: 18692: 3842: 63: 5126: 4752: 2040: 7300: 23605: 5199: 5087: 5027: 3263:". Some versions add the additional sentence "O God, befriend the friend of ʿAlī and be the enemy of his enemy". Sunnis maintain that Muhammad emphasized the deserving friendship and respect for ʿAlī. In contrast, Shia Muslims assert that the statement unequivocally designates ʿAlī as Muhammad's appointed successor. Shia sources also record further details of the event, such as stating that those present congratulated ʿAlī and acclaimed him as 5156: 4882: 4069: 6728: 5396: 5267: 4992: 4847: 4479: 5426: 4093: 2956: 2732: 4783: 4718: 4226: 3393: 4817: 18681: 7286: 1247: 4515: 7272: 594: 3302: 1848: 3489:) to him. ʿAlī's faction, having expected the caliphate to return to ʿAlī's line upon Muawiyah's death, saw this as a betrayal of the peace treaty and so Ḥusayn rejected this request for allegiance. There was a groundswell of support in Kufa for Ḥusayn to return there and take his position as caliph and Imam, so Ḥusayn collected his family and followers in Medina and set off for Kufa. 656: 6275:("Unrestricted Missionary") as representative of a hidden Imam. While there are many other branches with extremely differing exterior practices, much of the spiritual theology has remained the same since the days of the faith's early Imams. In recent centuries, Ismāʿīlīs have largely been an Indo-Iranian community, but they can also be found in 3654:) through Muhammad. According to this view peculiar to Shia Islam, there is always an Imam of the Age, who is the divinely appointed authority on all matters of faith and law in the Muslim community. ʿAlī was the first Imam of this line, the rightful successor to Muhammad, followed by male descendants of Muhammad through his daughter Fatimah. 9156: 9274: 3753:

from Muhammad. ʿUmar is reported to have said: "Because you narrate hadith in large numbers from the Holy Prophet, you are fit only for attributing lies to him. (That is, one expects a wicked man like you to utter only lies about the Holy Prophet.) So you must stop narrating hadith from the Prophet;

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Under Muʼizz (955-975) the Fatimids reached the height of their glory, and the universal triumph of Isma ʻilism appeared not far distant. The fourth Fatimid Caliph is an attractive character: humane and generous, simple and just, he was a good administrator, tolerant and conciliatory. Served by one

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article states: "Nobody really knows the size of the Shia population in Nigeria. Credible estimates that its numbers range between 2 and 3 percent of Nigeria's population, which would amount to roughly four million." A 2019 BBC News article said that "Estimates of numbers vary wildly, ranging from

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Militarily established and holding control over the Umayyad government, many Sunnī rulers perceived the Shias as a threat—both to their political and religious authority. The Sunnī rulers under the Umayyad dynasty sought to marginalize the Shia minority, and later the Abbasids turned on their Shia

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Similarly, swords were also placed on the Idols, as it is related that Harith b. Abi Shamir, the Ghassanid king, had presented his two swords, called Mikhdham and Rasub, to the image of the goddess, Manat....to note that the famous sword of Ali, the fourth caliph, called Dhu-al-Fiqar, was one of

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place importance on a scholarly institution because of the existence of a present Imam. The Imam of the Age defines the jurisprudence, and his guidance may differ with Imams previous to him because of different times and circumstances. For Nizārī Ismāʿīlīs, the current Imam is Karim al-Husayni

9164: 9282: 6544:("Unrestricted Missionary") to guide the community, in a similar manner as the Ismāʿīlīs had lived after the death of Muhammad ibn Imam Ismāʿīl. The latter denomination claims that the ruling Fatimid caliph was the Imam, and they died out with the fall of the Fatimid Empire. 3762:, to which Abu Hurairah belonged). According to Sunnī Muslims, ʿAlī was the fourth successor to Abū Bakr, while Shia Muslims maintain that ʿAlī was the first divinely sanctioned "Imam", or successor of Muhammad. The seminal event in Shia history is the martyrdom at the 2538:, do not believe in the idea of the Occultation. The groups which do believe in it differ as to which lineage of the Imamate is valid, and therefore which individual has gone into Occultation. They believe there are many signs that will indicate the time of his return. 2683:, and the tray on which Moses used to offer his offerings. With him is the name that whenever the Messenger of God would place it between the Muslims and pagans no arrow from the pagans would reach the Muslims. With him is the similar object that angels brought. 3246:, with many Western scholars positing that Shīʿīsm began as a political faction rather than a truly religious movement. Other scholars disagree, considering this concept of religious-political separation to be an anachronistic application of a Western concept. 6384:

of Ismāʿīlī history, by an anonymous author, there has been a chain of Imams since the beginning of time, and there will continue to be an Imam present on the Earth until the end of time. The worlds would not exist in perfection without this uninterrupted

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according to a famous hadith... 'our sixth imam, Imam Sadeg, says that we have five definitive holy places that we respect very much. The first is Mecca... second is Medina... third... is in Najaf. The fourth... in Kerbala. The last one belongs to...

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in 928 CE. Roughly forty years later, the Zaydī State was revived in Gilan and survived under Hasanid leaders until 1126 CE. Afterwards, from the 12th to 13th centuries, the Zaydī Shias of Deylaman, Gilan, and Tabaristan then acknowledged the Zaydī

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Further, he claims that with him is the sword of the Messenger of God, his coat of arms, his Lamam (pennon) and his helmet. In addition, he mentions that with him is the flag of the Messenger of God, the victorious. With him is the Staff of

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does not presuppose the infallibility of the Imam, nor the belief that the Imams are supposed to receive divine guidance. Moreover, Zaydīs do not believe that the Imamate must pass from father to son but believe it can be held by any

3436:, e.g. during prayers, should be abandoned; Muawiyah should not use tax money for his own private needs; There should be peace, and followers of Ḥasan should be given security and their rights; Muawiyah will never adopt the title of 6100:, Shia Islam is inherently secular in the age of Occultation, therefore Islamist Shia Muslims had to borrow ideas from Sunnī Islamists and adjust them in accordance with the doctrine of Shīʿīsm. Its foundations were laid during the 10111: 8597: 4403: 12169: 4445: 4944:

Azerbaijan is majority Shia. A 2012 work noted that in Azerbaijan, among believers of all faiths, 10% identified as Sunni, 30% identified as Shia, and the remainder of followers of Islam simply identified as Muslim.

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as Muhammad's day of birth or death (because they assert that his birth and death both occur in this week), Shia Muslims celebrate Muhammad's birthday on the 17th of the month, which coincides with the birth date of

8723: 3805:, or belief in the divine guide, is a fundamental belief in the Twelver and Ismāʿīlī branches of Shia Islam, and is based on the concept that God would not leave humanity without access to divine guidance. 3427:

became leader of the Muslims of Kufa. After a series of skirmishes between the Kufa Muslims and the army of Muawiyah, Ḥasan ibn Ali agreed to cede the caliphate to Muawiyah and maintain peace among Muslims

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which today comprise most of Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Turkmenistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Turkey, and Pakistan. The Ilkhanate initially embraced many religions, but was particularly sympathetic to

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is considered to be comprehensive of the oral traditions of Muhammad and their implementation and interpretation by the Twelve Imams. There are three schools of Jaʿfari jurisprudence: Usuli, Akhbari, and

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with its own unique doctrines, and finally separated from both Ismāʿīlīsm and Islam altogether. Thus, the Druze do not identify themselves as Muslims, and are not considered as such by Muslims either.

10894: 11894: 3364:, a faction that had transformed from supporters to bitter rivals, at Nahrawan in 658. In 661, ʿAlī was assassinated by a Khariji assassin in Kufa while in the act of prostration during prayer ( 3479:, ʿAlī's younger son and brother to Ḥasan, initially resisted calls to lead the Muslims against Muawiyah and reclaim the caliphate. In 680 CE, Muawiyah died and passed the caliphate to his son 12472: 3536:, Ḥusayn and approximately 72 of his family members and followers were killed, and Husayn's head was delivered to Yazid in Damascus. The Shi'a community regard Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī as a martyr ( 11022: 5769:) and its esoteric meaning. The words and deeds of Muhammad and the Twelve Imams are a guide and model for the Muslim community to follow; as a result, they must be free from error and 3180:(8th century CE). The first Shia governments and societies were established by the end of the 9th century CE. The 10th century CE has been referred to by the scholar of Islamic studies 2861:

commemorates the suffering of the women and children of Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī's household. After Ḥusayn was killed, they were marched over the desert, from Karbala (central Iraq) to Shaam (

2324:. Thus, they are the most pure ones, the only immaculate ones preserved from, and immune to, all uncleanness. It does not mean that supernatural powers prevent them from committing a 3900:, dressed in yellow robes with his head anointed. He will then join the Mahdi in his war against the Dajjal, where it is believed the Mahdi will slay the Dajjal and unite humankind. 10793: 10126: 2828:, which is the anniversary of the Ghadir Khum, the occasion when Muhammad announced Ali's Imamate before a multitude of Muslims. Eid al-Ghadeer is held on the 18th of Dhu al-Hijjah. 6181:

in the 8th century CE, the teachings of Ismāʿīlīsm further transformed into the belief system as it is known today, with an explicit concentration on the deeper, esoteric meaning (

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Of the total Muslim population, 10–13% are Shia Muslims and 87–90% are Sunni Muslims. Most Shias (between 68% and 80%) live in just four countries: Iran, Pakistan, India and Iraq.

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Estimates range from as low as 2% of Nigeria's Muslim population to as high as 17% of Nigeria's Muslim population. Some, but not all, Nigerian Shia are affiliated with the banned

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is often quoted to illustrate Muhammad's feeling towards ʿAlī and his family by both Sunnī and Shia scholars. Shia Muslims prefer to study and read the hadith attributed to the

10214: 12146: 7229:, Shia political activists were arrested, tortured, expelled or killed, as part of a crackdown launched after an assassination attempt against Iraq's Deputy Prime Minister 3646:. The words and deeds of Muhammad and the Imams are a guide and model for the community to follow; as a result, they must be free from error and sin, and must be chosen by 6199:

path and nature of God and the divine manifestation in the personage of the "Imam of the Time" as the "Face of God", with the more literalistic Twelver group focusing on

3066: 1494:(680 CE) further influenced the development of Shia Islam, contributing to the formation of a distinct religious sect with its own rituals and shared collective memory. 6380:). He is the possessor of divine knowledge and therefore the "Prime Teacher". According to the "Epistle of the Right Path", a Persian Ismāʿīlī prose text from the post- 2320:

has commanded absolute obedience from these figures, they must only order that which is right. The state of infallibility is based on the Shīʿīte interpretation of the

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to the Imams. Though initially beginning as a political movement, infallibility and sinlessness of the Imams later evolved as a distinct belief of (non-Zaydī) Shīʿīsm.

12731:. Translated by Liadain Sherrard and Philip Sherrard. London; Kegan Paul International in association with Islamic Publications for The Institute of Ismaili Studies. 9112: 7636: 15068: 6666:("Unrestricted Missionary"), who as the Imam's vicegerent has full authority to govern the community in all matters both spiritual and temporal while the lineage of 8715: 6648:). According to the Bohra tradition, before the last Imam, At-Tayyib Abi l-Qasim, went into seclusion, his father, the 20th Al-Amir bi-Ahkami l-Lah, had instructed 1792:, Imam, and caliph by Muhammad and that ʿAlī's authority is maintained through his descendants. For the adherents of Shia Islam, this conviction is implicit in the 18441: 3150:

from 1979 to 1989, asserted that every part of an unbeliever's body, including hair, nails, and bodily secretions, is impure. However, the current leader of Iran,

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declared Shia Islam a "deviant" sect and banned Shia Muslims from promoting their faith to other Muslims, but left them free to practice it themselves privately.

6491:(the younger), fought for political and spiritual control of the dynasty. Nizār was defeated and jailed, but according to the Nizārī tradition his son escaped to 18323: 9304: 9790: 17691: 16982: 6483:

Ismāʿīlīs following the death of Ma'ad al-Mustansir Billah in 1094 CE. His rule was the longest of any caliph in any Islamic empire. Upon his death, his sons,

3142:, held that Jews' impurity extended to the point where they were advised to stay at home on rainy or snowy days to prevent contaminating their Shia neighbors. 11293: 11924: 4666:, etc. hold small minority populations of various Shia subsects, primarily descendants of immigrants from South Asia during the colonial period, such as the 3550:. Ḥusayn is the last Imam following ʿAlī mutually recognized by all branches of Shia Islam. The martyrdom of Husayn and his followers is commemorated on the 3332:

between Muslims within the empire, which began as a series of revolts fought against ʿAlī. While the rebels had previously affirmed the legitimacy of ʿAlī's

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oriented Akhbari and later Usuli schools of thought, Shīʿīsm further developed in two separate directions: the metaphorical Ismāʿīlī group focusing on the

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to provide means to deal with current issues from an Islamic perspective. In other words, clergymen in Twelver Shīʿīsm are believed to be the guardians of

11890: 9655: 8223: 6828:. Muhammad al-Baqir did not engage in political action, and the followers of Zayd ibn ʿAlī maintained that a true Imam must fight against corrupt rulers. 18308: 9430:

When the Sicilian Jawhar finally entered Fustat in 969 and the following year founded the new dynastic capital, Cairo, 'The Victorious', the Fatimids ...

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Goldziher, I.; van Arendonk, C.; Tritton, A.S. (2012). "Ahl al- Bayt". In P. Bearman; Th. Bianquis; C.E. Bosworth; E. van Donzel; W.P. Heinrichs (eds.).

8689: 3253:. The point of contention between different Muslim sects arises when Muhammad, whilst giving his speech, gave the proclamation "Anyone who has me as his 16595: 6824:(as was the case after the death of the former). Historically, Zaydīs held that Zayd ibn ʿAlī was the rightful successor of the 4th Imam since he led a 4616:. Estimations put the number of Shīʿīte citizens at roughly 15% of the local population. Approximately 40% of the population of Yemen are Shia Muslims. 20124: 13223: 3642:. Imams are human individuals who not only rule over the Muslim community with justice, but also are able to keep and interpret the divine law and its 9751: 9630: 9396:

The architect of his military system was a general named Jawhar, an islamicized Greek slave who had led the conquest of North Africa and then of Egypt

8932: 2865:, Syria). Many children (some of whom were direct descendants of Muhammad) died of thirst and exposure along the route. Arbaein occurs on the 20th of 1445:

Shia Muslims' belief that 'Ali was the designated successor to Muhammad as Islam's spiritual and political leader later developed into the concept of

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Poljarevic, Emin (2021). "Theology of Violence-oriented Takfirism as a Political Theory: The Case of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS)". In

3603:. Muhammad gave them to ʿAlī, saying that one of them was "Zulfiqar", which became famously known as the sword of ʿAlī and a later symbol of Shīʿīsm. 3081:, the most notable being the tombs of the Imams located in the Al-Baqi' cemetery in 1925. In 2006, a bomb destroyed the shrine of Al-Askari Mosque. ( 8267: 3918:(680 CE), as various Shia-affiliated groups diffused in the emerging Islamic world, several nations arose based on a Shia leadership or population. 2702:

narrates that wherever the armaments among us would go, knowledge would also follow and the armaments would never depart from those with knowledge (

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of the greatest generals of the age, Jawhar al-Rumi, a former Greek slave, he took fullest advantage of the growing confusion in the Sunnite world.

5492:. Each subsect of Shīʿīsm follows its own line of Imamate. All mainstream Twelver and Ismāʿīlī Shia Muslims follow the same school of thought, the 2124:'There is no god except God, Muhammad is the messenger of God'), but in addition to this declaration of faith Shīʿa Muslims add the phrase 12468: 2395:). Their knowledge encompasses the totality of all times. Thus, they are believed to act without fault in religious matters. Shi'a Muslims regard 22397: 13271: 9643:

The Pew Forum's estimate of the Shia population (10–13%) is in keeping with previous estimates, which generally have been in the range of 10–15%.

2023:. Additionally, ʿAlī was Muhammad's first-cousin and closest living male relative as well as his son-in-law, having married Muhammad's daughter, 11665: 8744:"Shiʻite Islam", by Allamah Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i, translated by Sayyid Husayn Nasr, State University of New York Press, 1975, p. 24 2467: 23454: 11682:(Arabic: التاريخ الصغير عن الشيعة اليمنيين, A short History of the Yemenite Shiʻites), 2005 Referencing: Iranian Influence on Moslem Literature 11026: 9978: 8631: 7946: 3497: 10451: 10206: 10179: 10057:

Religion: The overwhelming majority of the population (96.3 percent) is Muslim, of whom approximately 95 percent are Sunni and 5 percent Shia.

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from 656 to 661 CE. Shia doctrine holds that ʿAlī was meant to lead the community after Muhammad's death in 632. Historians dispute over the

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Shi'a Minorities in the Contemporary World: Migration, Transnationalism and Multilocality. United Kingdom, Edinburgh University Press, 2020.

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is the guide and the intercessor between humans and God, and the individual through whom God is recognized. He is also responsible for the

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Estimates have placed the proportion of Shia Muslims in Lebanon between 27% and 45% of the population, 30–35% of the citizen population in

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are Shias. They may number up to 200 million as of 2009. As of 1985, Shia Muslims are estimated to be 21% of the Muslim population in

2019:) of Islam. Shīʿa Muslims believe that Muhammad designated Ali as his successor by God's command on several instances, but most notably at 10785: 4177: 18338: 17037: 11868: 9945: 7689: 11709:. Ismaili Heritage Series. Vol. 3. London; New York: I.B. Tauris in association with the Institute of Ismaili Studies. p. 13. 10337: 10248: 9509: 8441: 8373: 22442: 22369: 19649: 18750: 13702: 12636: 9923: 12419: 11938: 10751: 9877: 3160:

that Jews and other Peoples of the Book are not inherently impure, and touching the moisture on their hands does not convey impurity.

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History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey: Volume 1, Empire of the Gazis: The Rise and Decline of the Ottoman Empire 1280–1808

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Though there are several subsects amongst the Ismāʿīlīs, the term in today's vernacular generally refers to the Shia Imami Ismāʿīlī

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that were revealed to Muhammad. The Quran does not contain verses on the Imamate, which is the basic doctrine of Shīʿa Islam. Some

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Merriam-Webster's Encyclopedia of World Religions, Wendy Doniger, Consulting Editor, Merriam-Webster, Inc., Springfield, MA 1999,

5475: 18392: 18313: 15763: 13824: 13224:""They Were Going Together with the Ikhwan": The Influence of Muslim Brotherhood Thinkers on Shi'i Islamists during the Cold War" 9104: 7026: 1030: 11507: 11410:

Most Druze do not consider themselves Muslim. Historically they faced much persecution and keep their religious beliefs secrets.

10040: 5628:: the concept of moral rightness based on ethics, fairness, and equity, along with the punishment of the breach of these ethics; 4976:

A reliable census has not been taken in Afghanistan in decades, but about 20% of Afghan population is Shia, mostly among ethnic

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centers of Islamic education and religious learning, which resulted in the change of Twelver Shīʿīsm from being a predominantly

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Religion: Virtually the entire population is Muslim. Between 80 and 85 percent of Muslims are Sunni and 15 to 19 percent, Shia.

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could become the next Imam, after fulfilling certain conditions. Other well-known Zaydī Imams in history were Yahya ibn Zayd,

22553: 18343: 18300: 14935: 14344: 13834: 13816: 13403: 13192: 13173: 13154: 13128: 13102: 13074: 13052: 13033: 13014: 12995: 12973: 12947: 12911: 12892: 12873: 12851: 12825: 12803: 12781: 12755: 12736: 12712: 12671: 12330: 12205: 12004: 11822: 11714: 11695:(Arabic: التاريخ الصغير عن الشيعة اليمنيين, A short History of the Yemenite Shiʻites), 2005 Referencing: Encyclopædia Iranica 11623: 11596: 11431: 11403: 11349: 11324: 11196: 11083: 10854: 10772: 10731: 10702: 10657: 10618: 10370: 10331: 10242: 10006: 9903: 9542: 9495: 9451: 9423: 9389: 9360: 9258: 8926: 8839: 8798: 8668: 8613: 8338: 8297: 8251: 8043: 7900: 7842: 7557: 7506: 7481: 7401: 7376: 5744: 4826: 4761: 3826: 3219: 2550: 2448: 2316:, infallibility is considered a rational, necessary precondition for spiritual and religious guidance. They argue that since 1760:

was first used during Muhammad's lifetime. At present, the word refers to the Muslims who believe that the leadership of the

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Muslim Identities and Political Strategies: A Case Study of Muslims in the Greater Cape Town Area of South Africa, 1994–2000

10279: 9548: 9080: 23018: 20119: 16306: 14945: 9331: 7620: 7051: 7034: 6982:, there was a shift from the Jarudiyya group to the Sulaimaniyya, Tabiriyya, Butriyya, and Salihiyya. Zaydī Shias form the 6373: 5830:; the Usuli school is by far the largest of the three. Twelver groups that do not follow the Jaʿfari jurisprudence include 3643: 622: 5874: 3789:), and that their sufferings were a means of divine grace to their devotees. Although the Imam was not the recipient of a 23136: 22417: 22018: 14289: 12390: 12386: 12252: 10077: 10030: 3600: 2154:

This additional phrase to the declaration of faith embodies the Shīʿīte emphasis on the inheritance of authority through

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The Just Ruler (al-sultān Al-ʻādil) in Shīʻite Islam: The Comprehensive Authority of the Jurist in Imamite Jurisprudence

7129:, dating back to the earliest development of the two competing sects. At various times throughout the history of Islam, 6946:; thus, the ruler of Yemen was known by this title. Al-Hadi Yahya bin al-Hussain bin al-Qasim ar-Rassi, a descendant of 6499:

Ismāʿīlī had accepted his claim. From here on, the Nizārī Ismāʿīlī community has continued with a present, living Imam.

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continue, and that the Imams were in Occultation and still communicated and taught their followers through a network of

3657: 23346: 23076: 22958: 22412: 21019: 19013: 11485: 10821: 10557: 10479: 10304: 8607: 8580: 8425: 8398: 8122: 5465: 2527: 1904: 1837: 1498: 11052: 9847: 9803: 9308: 23396: 22222: 19534: 18195: 18149: 17809: 17803: 12351: 9006: 8021: 7533: 6986:. Currently, they constitute about 40–45% of the population in Yemen; Jaʿfaris and Ismāʿīlīs constitute the 2–5%. In 6101: 5703: 5306: 1890: 1095: 16666: 10156: 8521: 5694:– the most famous collection of sermons, letters & narration attributed to Ali, the first Imam regarded by Shias 2407:

in justice, but also in interpreting the Islamic faith, practices, and its esoteric meaning. ʿAlī is regarded as a "

1386:, but was prevented from succeeding Muhammad as the leader of the Muslims as a result of the choice made by some of 23449: 21029: 18066: 17922: 17457: 17353: 16646: 13655: 12296: 11916: 11289: 8954: 8159: 7073: 7018: 5866: 4460: 4432: 4185: 3433: 2595: 2278: 2185: 1922: 1329: 695: 229: 87: 15399: 15144: 10528: 7789:

and governance of the community, both during the lifetimes of the Imams themselves and even more so following the

3571: 3457: 23411: 23306: 22432: 22427: 22383: 22013: 20879: 20178: 19168: 18550: 18366: 16972: 16920: 16534: 15582: 15246: 14134: 14014: 13660: 11447: 8856: 7324: 7078: 5734: 2940:(household of Muhammad) and a Christian deputation from Najran. Al-Mubahila is held on the 24th of Dhu al-Hijjah. 2607: 1277: 8227: 5354:

Shi'a form a majority amongst Arab Muslims in many American cities, e.g. Lebanese Shi'a forming the majority in

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With the fall of the Safavids, the state in Iran—including the state system of courts with government-appointed

23266: 23091: 22364: 21405: 21346: 21233: 21112: 21044: 19512: 19150: 19069: 18615: 18173: 18071: 17214: 14962: 14940: 14254: 14219: 13695: 9669: 7371: 7249: 6381: 5067: 4594: 3593: 1222: 21400: 11794: 9742:"Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population" 8793:

Jafri, S.H. Mohammad. "The Origin and Early Development of Shiʻa Islam", Oxford University Press, 2002, p. 6,

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Exploring the Spirituality of the World Religions: The Quest for Personal, Spiritual and Social Transformation

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The original Shia identity referred to the followers of Imam ʿAlī, and Shia theology was formulated after the

23416: 22831: 22568: 22232: 22081: 22003: 21447: 20489: 20082: 18721: 17983: 17742: 17477: 15089: 14972: 14229: 14049: 13570: 12161: 8555: 7629:? However the term Shiite is being used less and is considered less proper than simply using the term "Shia"" 5681:) attributed to Muhammad and the Twelve Imams. Below is a list of some of the most prominent of these books: 4962: 4577: 2328:, but due to the fact that they have absolute belief in God, they refrain from doing anything that is a sin. 966: 10745:"Administrative Department of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan – Presidential Library – Religion" 9792:

Mapping the Global Muslim Population: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World's Muslim Population

9741: 9626: 8916: 6990:, it is estimated that there are over 1 million Zaydī Shias, primarily based in the western provinces. 23474: 23276: 20511: 19301: 18535: 18512: 18132: 17988: 17978: 17884: 17595: 17235: 16275: 15756: 15428: 15274: 15224: 14665: 14109: 13316: 13084: 7702: 7447: 6644: 5242: 4523: 3853: 3429: 1321: 998: 423: 13206: 6778:

The Zaydīs, Twelvers, and Ismāʿīlīs all recognize the same first four Imams; however, the Zaydīs consider

5480:

The Shia community throughout its history split over the issue of the Imamate. The largest branch are the

4678:

Figures indicated in the first three columns below are based on the October 2009 demographic study by the

3876:

and will rid the world of evil. According to Islamic tradition, the Mahdi's tenure will coincide with the

3607: 2621: 2331:

They also have a complete knowledge of God's will. They are in possession of all knowledge brought by the

2277:

or "divinely bestowed freedom from error and sin" in Islam. Muslims believe that Muhammad, along with the

23484: 23196: 23191: 22963: 21508: 21469: 21024: 20938: 20506: 18918: 18637: 18502: 18318: 18086: 17879: 17314: 16903: 15793: 15657: 15005: 14319: 13829: 13806: 13801: 13711: 12230: 10116: 9973: 9895: 8263: 7354: 7344: 6853: 6799: 6716: 6159: 6011:, which is believed to have been defined by Muhammad and his twelve successors. This process is known as 5726: 5375: 5111: 3447: 2950: 2599: 2591: 1928:. It embodies a completely independent system of religious interpretation and political authority in the 1872: 1505:

is by far the largest and most influential, comprising about 85% of all Shia Muslims. Others include the

1045: 872: 239: 107: 102: 14367: 5191:

of 3.3 million noncitizens, about 64% are Muslim, and among expatriate Muslims, about 5% are Shia.

22262: 22207: 21903: 20665: 20210: 18913: 18855: 18397: 18280: 17797: 17274: 16312: 15907: 15893: 15632: 15377: 15151: 14633: 14264: 14224: 13959: 13876: 13730: 13620: 13605: 13595: 13480: 12861: 8762:

In his "Mutanabbi devant le siècle ismaëlien de l'Islam", in Mém. de l'Inst Français de Damas, 1935, p.

7349: 7025:. Houthis and their allies gained control of a significant part of Yemen's territory, and resisted the 6970:). The founding Zaydī branch in Yemen was the Jarudiyya; however, with increasing interaction with the 6554: 6402: 6369: 6113: 5471: 5340: 5336: 4756: 4643: 4301:

The ending of the relative mutual tolerance between Sunnīs and Shias that existed from the time of the

3722: 1085: 442: 244: 20282: 13287: 11356:

often they are not regarded as being Muslim at all, nor do all the Druze consider themselves as Muslim

6860:, is regarded as the codifier of Zaydī jurisprudence, and as such most Zaydī Shias today are known as 5571:, who elaborated the Twelver jurisprudence. Twelver Shia constitute the majority of the population in 3528:

En route to Kufa, Husayn was blocked by an army of Yazid's men, which included people from Kufa, near

23509: 23298: 23156: 22608: 21518: 21297: 20928: 20558: 20163: 19295: 19047: 18884: 18839: 18477: 18178: 18007: 17703: 17483: 17446: 17225: 15859: 15577: 15228: 14990: 14214: 14119: 14094: 13944: 13688: 13530: 13500: 13420: 13396: 11657: 11235: 7187: 6386: 5096: 5036: 4639: 4557:. Shia Muslims constitute 36.3% of the entire population (and 38.6% of the Muslim population) of the 4189: 4181: 3872:

who will rule for seven, nine, or nineteen years (according to differing interpretations) before the

3345: 3285: 2720: 2143:'Ali is the guardian of God'). The basis for the Shīʿīte belief in ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as the 2020: 1863: 1387: 1180: 892: 343: 112: 21614: 17137: 9965: 9375: 7942: 6187:) of the Islamic faith. With the eventual development of Twelver Shīʿīsm into the more literalistic 3729:

and their supporters, while some hadith transmitted by narrators not belonging to or supporting the

3276:

and Muhammad's closest relatives made the funeral arrangements. While they were preparing his body,

2514:", that one day shall return on Earth and fill the world with justice. According to the doctrine of 1991:

alone, only God has the prerogative to appoint the successor to his prophet. They believe God chose

17: 23013: 22973: 22928: 22718: 22708: 22513: 22267: 22092: 22028: 21998: 21888: 21653: 21562: 21530: 21513: 21425: 20349: 19629: 19565: 19035: 19020: 18714: 18632: 18361: 18185: 17958: 17496: 17240: 17230: 17220: 15990: 15510: 15124: 14743: 14314: 14244: 13665: 13635: 13450: 13440: 13279: 12035:"The Centrality of Anti-Semitism in the Islamic State's Ideology and Its Connection to Anti-Shiism" 10937: 10836:

Nahj al-balaghah, Mohaghegh (researcher) 'Atarodi Ghoochaani, the introduction of Sayyid Razi, p. 1

8881: 8663:. Routledge studies in modern history. London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group. p. 174. 7334: 7182:, "Sultan Selim I carried things so far that he announced that the killing of one Shia had as much 7118: 7114: 7067: 7010: 6857: 6736: 6720: 6446: 6409: 6155: 6120: 5890: 5798: 5748: 5640: 5165: 5050:

In 2020, the CIA World Factbook stated that Shia Muslims constitute 31.2% of Lebanon's population.

4891: 4155: 3836: 3802: 3770:, and 71 of his followers in 680 CE, who led a non-allegiance movement against the defiant caliph. 3703: 3635: 3566: 3547: 2808: 2795: 2462: 2206: 1530: 1112: 912: 615: 570: 162: 97: 20072: 11731: 9019: 7610:

are adopted for consistency, except where the alternative spelling is in the title of a reference.

5811: 5493: 23464: 23401: 23351: 23311: 23256: 22891: 22886: 22776: 22723: 22613: 22543: 22339: 22150: 22065: 21292: 21270: 21069: 20891: 20416: 20114: 20041: 19725: 19096: 18896: 18805: 18495: 17369: 17128: 17092: 15117: 15075: 14930: 14545: 14334: 14239: 14069: 14024: 13890: 13610: 13585: 13510: 13435: 11543:

Rawḍ al-Qirṭās: Anīs al-Muṭrib bi-Rawd al-Qirṭās fī Akhbār Mulūk al-Maghrib wa-Tārīkh Madīnat Fās

8056: 7698: 7207: 6642:

Divine leadership has continued in the Bohra branch through the institution of the "Missionary" (

6531: 6421: 6178: 5956: 4821: 4258: 4254: 3955: 3349: 707: 540: 17523: 13358: 12494: 12282: 12222: 11588: 9054: 6453:. During this period, three lineages of Imams were formed. The first branch, known today as the 4631:). The Shia presence is negligible elsewhere in Southeast Asia, where Muslims are predominantly 3442:("commander of the believers"); Muawiyah will not nominate any successor. Ḥasan then retired to 3249:

Shia Muslims believe that Muhammad designated ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his heir during a speech at

23331: 23226: 23186: 23166: 23023: 22998: 22903: 22876: 22826: 22796: 22786: 22703: 22668: 22653: 22638: 22593: 22528: 22202: 22133: 22038: 22033: 21774: 21697: 21481: 21363: 21287: 21084: 21074: 20933: 20901: 20839: 20810: 20344: 20339: 20059: 20019: 19804: 19145: 19140: 19120: 19116: 18647: 18576: 18545: 18485: 17467: 17462: 17380: 16810: 16764: 16158: 15839: 15334: 14995: 14925: 14885: 14870: 14550: 14304: 14209: 14194: 14185: 14064: 14029: 13954: 13580: 13560: 13465: 13094: 12442: 12093:"Modern Extremist Groups and the Division of the World: A Critique from an Islamic Perspective" 7778: 7766: 7685:"Interiorizing Islam: Religious Experience and State Oversight in the Islamic Republic of Iran" 7421: 7252:

in Northern Iraq, which occurred alongside the persecution of various religious groups and the

7234: 7048: 7022: 6825: 4792: 3982: 3909: 3685: 3639: 3451: 3396: 3316:

invited ʿAlī to become the fourth caliph as the last source, and he established his capital in

3147: 3139: 3102: 2991: 2975: 2421: 2408: 2400: 2385: 2365: 2345: 2294: 2256: 2009: 1945: 1828:

above all people. They are descendants of one another. And Allah is All-Hearing, All-Knowing."

1789: 1446: 1400: 1364: 1353: 1340: 1161: 927: 505: 119: 92: 12195: 11852: 11613: 10647: 10321: 10294: 10232: 9415: 9409: 8415: 8388: 8289: 8112: 7547: 149: 23572: 23517: 23434: 23386: 23361: 23161: 22983: 22978: 22846: 22836: 22658: 22334: 22277: 22097: 22043: 21486: 21464: 21383: 21324: 20990: 20429: 20302: 19492: 19091: 19003: 18593: 18571: 17390: 17267: 17033: 16692: 15864: 15781: 15527: 15497: 15054: 14950: 14497: 14324: 14074: 13984: 13640: 13615: 13600: 13575: 13565: 13550: 13455: 13445: 13425: 13282:: Project on Shi'ism and Global Affairs at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs ( 12165: 10604: 10415: 10360: 9475: 8570: 8369: 8242: 7329: 7142: 7126: 7122: 6959: 6767: 6671: 6667: 6527: 6507: 6503: 6480: 6469: 6458: 6356: 5846: 5188: 4282: 4100: 3832: 3661: 3506: 3450:, after being secretly contacted by Muawiyah who wished to pass the caliphate to his own son 3408: 3243: 3169: 3023: 2562: 2554: 2483: 2321: 1800:. Shia Muslim scholars emphasize that the notion of authority is linked to the family of the 1538: 1383: 1156: 981: 765: 720: 333: 234: 224: 217: 194: 31: 20322: 20277: 16733: 10811: 10510: 9996: 9919: 9407: 1772:

refers to a group of Muslims who at the time of Muhammad and after him regarded ʿAlī as the

328: 23562: 23552: 23537: 23444: 23371: 23341: 23316: 23281: 23241: 23236: 23211: 23081: 23003: 22953: 22933: 22923: 22811: 22758: 22733: 22583: 22578: 22558: 22523: 22508: 22452: 22227: 22160: 22128: 22008: 21943: 21809: 21687: 21540: 21442: 21341: 21253: 21221: 21216: 21064: 20796: 20131: 19715: 19475: 19086: 19030: 18981: 18966: 18819: 18260: 18167: 18112: 16479: 15886: 15744: 15669: 15514: 15329: 15177: 15082: 15061: 14920: 14875: 14860: 14409: 14259: 14249: 14234: 14054: 14019: 14009: 14004: 13979: 13645: 13545: 13535: 13525: 13485: 13475: 13470: 13430: 13389: 12602: 12409: 11752:(Arabic: التاريخ الصغير عن الشيعة اليمنيين, A short History of the Yemenite Shiʻites), 2005 11157:

Timani, Hussam S. (2021). "Part 5: In Between and on the Fringes of Islam – The Druze". In

10744: 9869: 9710:

In the early 21st century some 10–13 percent of the world's 1.6 billion Muslims were Shiʿi.

8834:

Esposito, John. "What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam". Oxford University Press, 2002 |

8506: 7381: 6631: 6511: 6484: 6476: 6362: 6254: 6246: 5770: 5674: 5600: 5301: 5296: 5257: 3305: 3193: 3047: 2832: 2754:

Shia religious practices, such as prayers, differ only slightly from the Sunnīs. While all

2535: 2325: 1558: 1546: 520: 377: 264: 199: 129: 19328: 11766: 10726:"Esposito, John. "What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam" Oxford University Press, 2002. 8038:"Esposito, John. "What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam" Oxford University Press, 2002. 6234: 3026:

in Qom are very essential for Shīʿa Muslims. Other venerated pilgrimage sites include the

8: 23629: 23567: 23542: 23522: 23499: 23426: 23376: 23356: 23271: 23261: 23216: 23176: 23131: 23126: 23116: 23106: 23101: 23096: 23086: 23071: 23066: 23061: 23056: 23051: 23028: 22938: 22913: 22791: 22781: 22743: 22713: 22698: 22683: 22673: 22663: 22628: 22623: 22573: 22518: 22493: 22437: 22294: 22282: 22170: 22165: 22155: 22023: 21824: 21737: 21682: 21658: 21545: 21452: 21410: 21205: 21054: 20682: 20474: 20359: 20183: 19997: 19882: 19810: 19700: 19621: 19448: 19101: 18925: 18771: 18490: 18371: 18265: 18081: 17578: 17375: 17146: 16913: 16713: 16484: 16215: 16092: 15731: 15031: 14957: 14299: 13949: 13763: 13670: 13630: 13625: 13590: 13555: 13540: 13505: 13495: 13490: 13460: 13320: 13112: 12813: 12373: 12039: 11639: 10767:

Esposito, John. "What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam" Oxford University Press, 2002.

10036: 9950: 9799: 9746: 7790: 7037:). Both the Houthis and the Saudi Arabian-led coalition were being attacked by the Sunnī 6465: 6413: 6092: 6079: 6055: 6043: 5984: 5786: 5740: 5652: 5551:

is derived from the doctrine of believing in twelve divinely ordained leaders, known as "

4926: 4856: 4679: 4554: 4452: 4428: 4369: 3869: 3822: 3746: 3438: 3337: 3281: 3265: 3027: 2686:

Al-Ṣādiq also narrated that the passing down of armaments is synonymous to receiving the

2637: 2503: 2499: 2444: 2268: 2220: 2199: 2178: 2138: 2119: 2048: 1751:

for adherents, mosques, traditions, and things associated with the Shia branch of Islam.

1550: 1465: 1377: 1270: 1166: 800: 700: 608: 555: 535: 472: 144: 124: 45: 11342:

The Templar Spirit: The Esoteric Inspiration, Rituals and Beliefs of the Knights Templar

10081: 7984: 6708: 4158:

overthrew the Sunni rulers in North Africa, an event which led to the foundation of the

3336:(caliphate), they later turned against ʿAlī and fought him. Tensions escalated into the 1557:. Iran stands as the world's only country where Shia Islam forms the foundation of both 23547: 23527: 23494: 23391: 23381: 23326: 23321: 23251: 23231: 23221: 23206: 23201: 23181: 23151: 23146: 23121: 23111: 23043: 23008: 22993: 22898: 22871: 22861: 22821: 22806: 22801: 22753: 22748: 22688: 22643: 22603: 22498: 22485: 22272: 22197: 22070: 21893: 21567: 21525: 21388: 21356: 21331: 21258: 21238: 21059: 21007: 20995: 20973: 20565: 20523: 20396: 20255: 20250: 20240: 20092: 19876: 19852: 19231: 19155: 18903: 18849: 18652: 18566: 18417: 18353: 18161: 18137: 17814: 17792: 17752: 17642: 17555: 17506: 17472: 17363: 17077: 15960: 15916: 15661: 15474: 15361: 15135: 15096: 15010: 14845: 14808: 14770: 14692: 14567: 14339: 14124: 13999: 13974: 13796: 13783: 13520: 13515: 13283: 13251: 12663: 12577: 12504:. United States Department of State Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. 2011. 12097: 11828: 11806: 11581: 11255: 11128: 10965: 10420: 10122: 9694: 9665: 8716:"Jews and Wine in Shiite Iran – Some Observations on the Concept of Religious Impurity" 7786: 7774: 7732: 7716: 7366: 7203: 7102: 6732: 6649: 6288: 6265:

and the largest group within Ismāʿīlīsm. Another Shia Imami Ismāʿīlī community are the

6163: 6059: 5992: 5709: 5673:

common to all Muslims, Twelver Shias derive scriptural and authoritative guidance from

5670: 5644:: a divine institution which succeeded the institution of Prophethood. Its appointees ( 5564: 5497: 4266: 3992: 3689: 3627: 3516: 3483:, and breaking the treaty with Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī. Yazid asked Husayn to swear allegiance ( 3321: 3114: 3098: 3015: 2881: 2740: 2654: 2515: 2491: 2286: 1768:, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law, and his successors. Nawbakhti states that the term 1748: 1562: 1526: 1522: 1502: 1482:, whom Shia Muslims believe possess special spiritual and political authority over the 1471: 1190: 1147: 1117: 1100: 1075: 1020: 976: 688: 82: 20677: 19904: 19634: 17053: 8976: 8114:

Theology of Discontent: The Ideological Foundatation of the Islamic Revolution in Iran

3702:(Muhammad's family and descendants) or pledging allegiance to Abū Bakr has shaped the 2667:

mentions that "with me are the arms of the Messenger of Allah. It is not disputable."

23604: 23598: 23532: 23489: 23479: 23469: 23459: 23366: 23286: 23246: 23171: 23141: 23033: 22988: 22968: 22943: 22918: 22881: 22866: 22841: 22816: 22728: 22678: 22633: 22618: 22598: 22588: 22563: 22503: 22447: 22212: 21988: 21584: 21555: 21501: 21496: 21457: 21395: 21351: 21336: 21319: 21314: 21309: 21248: 20983: 20869: 20635: 20605: 20585: 20406: 20230: 20220: 20215: 20173: 20136: 19857: 19772: 19695: 19593: 19583: 19551: 19539: 19507: 19484: 19466: 19362: 19217: 19125: 19111: 19074: 19062: 18891: 18810: 18762: 18627: 18622: 18527: 18517: 18507: 18190: 18076: 18028: 17871: 17782: 17543: 17533: 17528: 17518: 17513: 17346: 17103: 17069: 17013: 16256: 16195: 16102: 15810: 15674: 15523: 15469: 15365: 15000: 14967: 14895: 14890: 14850: 14838: 14823: 14803: 14704: 14680: 14506: 14329: 14169: 14104: 13255: 13243: 13188: 13169: 13150: 13143: 13124: 13098: 13070: 13048: 13029: 13010: 12991: 12969: 12943: 12917: 12907: 12888: 12869: 12847: 12835: 12821: 12799: 12777: 12751: 12732: 12708: 12667: 12596: 12581: 12569: 12545: 12347: 12326: 12201: 12124: 12070: 12010: 12000: 11832: 11818: 11802: 11710: 11619: 11592: 11557: 11427: 11399: 11345: 11320: 11271: 11263: 11247: 11202: 11192: 11132: 11120: 11079: 10969: 10957: 10850: 10817: 10768: 10727: 10698: 10653: 10614: 10475: 10469: 10366: 10327: 10300: 10238: 10022: 10002: 9899: 9538: 9501: 9491: 9447: 9419: 9385: 9356: 9254: 9139: 9002: 8922: 8835: 8794: 8664: 8603: 8576: 8549: 8529: 8476: 8421: 8394: 8334: 8293: 8247: 8118: 8039: 8017: 7896: 7848: 7838: 7794: 7748: 7740: 7724: 7553: 7529: 7502: 7477: 7411: 7277: 7226: 6983: 6662: 6540: 6450: 6271: 6097: 6083: 5980: 5782: 5691: 5135: 4573: 4159: 4136: 4104: 4073: 4053: 4014: 3915: 3818: 3763: 3533: 3387: 3206: 3197: 3143: 3122: 2915: 2876: 2644: 2640: 2603: 2567: 2546: 2458: 2454: 1984: 1925: 1858: 1801: 1491: 1419: 1332: 1231: 1195: 1142: 1055: 1015: 877: 598: 565: 530: 462: 289: 259: 21089: 20687: 20141: 16261: 13145:

The Heirs of Muhammad: Islam's First Century and the Origins of the Sunni Shia split

8901: 8468: 7916: 6975: 4632: 23557: 23439: 23336: 22948: 22908: 22856: 22851: 22768: 22738: 22648: 22538: 22402: 22354: 22349: 21913: 21878: 21851: 21609: 21594: 21491: 21415: 21265: 21243: 21151: 21012: 20791: 20754: 20610: 20595: 20543: 20354: 20334: 20297: 20292: 20270: 20265: 20198: 20188: 20029: 19993: 19985: 19956: 19869: 19789: 19784: 19747: 19737: 19663: 19601: 19443: 19280: 19130: 18788: 18657: 18642: 18402: 18107: 17829: 17767: 17757: 17747: 17732: 17538: 17441: 17413: 17301: 16071: 16045: 15748: 15421: 15324: 15165: 15047: 14900: 14880: 14865: 14430: 14089: 13857: 13235: 13138: 12839: 12559: 12549: 12114: 12110: 12060: 11990: 11986: 11966: 11860: 11810: 11511: 11239: 11182: 11178: 11158: 11112: 10983: 10949: 10389:

South Asian migration in comparative perspective, movement, settlement and diaspora

9135: 9069:

Discovering Islam: making sense of Muslim history and society (2002) Akbar S. Ahmed

8897: 7706: 7416: 7179: 7150: 6942:

in the 9th and 10th centuries. The leader of the Zaydī community took the title of

6758:. Followers of the Zaydī school of jurisprudence are called Zaydīs or occasionally 6397: 6167: 6116: 6087: 6047: 5730: 5714: 5568: 5552: 5501: 5276: 5208: 4550: 4527: 4473: 4302: 4165: 3755: 3718: 3673: 3554:, occurring on the tenth day of Muharram, the first month of the Islamic calendar. 3416: 3353: 3295: 3035: 3019: 2959: 2885: 2676: 2658: 1951: 1941: 1821: 1797: 1744: 1720: 1674: 1643: 1608: 1296: 1040: 1035: 986: 971: 956: 865: 744: 575: 550: 467: 21228: 8885: 7153:, Shia Muslims remain a marginalized community to this day in many Sunnī-dominant 5179:

Among Kuwait's estimated 1.4 million citizens, about 30% are Shia (including

4364:

during his lifetime) are to be bases for verdicts, rejecting the use of reasoning.

3781:) was the source of the souls of the prophets and Imams, which bestowed upon them 23608: 22237: 22217: 21707: 21599: 21589: 21280: 20948: 20739: 20719: 20650: 20615: 20548: 20287: 20260: 20235: 20193: 19976: 19919: 19690: 19207: 19008: 18934: 18874: 18829: 18798: 18583: 18290: 18235: 18035: 17721: 17681: 17632: 17584: 17358: 17141: 17028: 16615: 15965: 15950: 15912: 15879: 15854: 15768: 15715: 15616: 15611: 15587: 15501: 15404: 15351: 15346: 14833: 14736: 14731: 14714: 14675: 14615: 14572: 14379: 14309: 14114: 13862: 13338:"History of Shi'ism: From the Advent of Islam up to the End of Minor Occultation" 12726: 12655: 11814: 10953: 10608: 10543: 10436: 10387: 10271: 9532: 9086: 7319: 7305: 7257: 7164: 7045: 6994: 6877: 6873: 6845: 6840:, Zaydīs follow the teachings of Zayd ibn ʿAlī, which are documented in his book 6496: 6109: 5686: 5636:: the institution by which God sends emissaries, or prophets, to guide humankind; 5115: 4569: 4565: 4537:

Shia Muslims form a distinct majority of the population in four countries of the

4358: 4290: 4286: 4234: 4216: 4197: 4169: 4124: 4096: 3974: 3968: 3943: 3922: 3885: 3873: 3711: 3469: 3181: 3126: 3086: 3051: 3011: 2931: 2895: 2691: 2471: 2412: 2376: 2356: 2336: 2332: 2247: 2211: 2190: 2169: 2129: 2110: 2090: 2000: 1968: 1598: 1586: 1542: 1534: 1456: 1391: 1368: 1344: 1175: 991: 951: 940: 922: 825: 770: 683: 515: 360: 269: 16755: 9337: 9001:

The New Encyclopædia Britannica, 15th ed., Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 1998,

7528:

The New Encyclopædia Britannica, 15th ed., Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 1998,

6639:. The Nizārī line of Imams has continued to this day as an uninterrupted chain. 3324:, between 656 CE to 661 CE, was often contested. Tensions eventually led to the 3294:

caliph. Abū Bakr served from 632 to 634, and was followed by Umar (634–644) and

22359: 22252: 22192: 21908: 21883: 21668: 21572: 21476: 21420: 21373: 20786: 20734: 20630: 20600: 20580: 20575: 20570: 20553: 20449: 20369: 20317: 20307: 20245: 19379: 19042: 19025: 18844: 18824: 18793: 18695: 18422: 18275: 18117: 17819: 17163: 17082: 16948: 16925: 16908: 16759: 16684: 16608: 16129: 16035: 15644: 15599: 15594: 15445: 15414: 15319: 15202: 15040: 14793: 14726: 14719: 14709: 14557: 14294: 14155: 14084: 14059: 13919: 13852: 13768: 13362: 12791: 12628: 11541: 11100: 10496: 9377: 7222: 7215: 7161: 6955: 6935: 6924: 6899: 6821: 6806: 6795: 6488: 6424:, would return and establish an age of justice. One group included the violent 6332: 6328: 6171: 5835: 5405: 5370: 5365: 5001: 4590: 4414: 4330: 4061: 4057: 4043: 3947: 3881: 3841: 3767: 3546:. The Battle of Karbala and martyrdom of Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī is often cited as the 3476: 3383: 3055: 2925: 2911: 2840: 2825: 2680: 2672: 1956: 1781: 1487: 1479: 1263: 1135: 1122: 1080: 1025: 639: 580: 482: 418: 350: 19644: 17123: 16930: 16122: 13381: 13088: 12394: 12256: 12119: 12092: 11995: 11187: 11116: 7131:

Shia groups and minorities have faced persecution perpetrated by Sunnī Muslims

6405:

are always aware of his presence and are witness to this uninterrupted chain.

6224: 1517:. Shia Muslims form a majority of the population in four countries across the 23623: 22287: 21841: 21722: 21136: 21131: 21079: 20916: 20854: 20749: 20640: 20538: 20469: 20401: 20391: 20364: 20312: 20225: 20203: 20153: 20049: 20012: 19931: 19839: 19290: 19241: 18946: 18598: 18435: 18285: 17824: 17787: 17762: 17647: 17087: 17017: 16997: 16959: 16583: 16568: 16332:

Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī

16139: 16064: 15874: 15835: 15822: 15797: 15703: 15492: 15464: 15341: 15295: 15213: 14912: 14813: 14798: 14788: 14623: 14585: 14562: 14524: 14435: 14165: 14159: 14149: 14137: 13247: 13116: 12959: 12769: 12765: 12573: 12554: 12531: 12128: 12074: 12014: 11640:"The Initial Destination of the Fatimid caliphate: The Yemen or The Maghrib?" 11251: 11206: 11124: 11023:"Congressional Human Rights Caucus Testimony – Najran, The Untold Story" 10961: 9487: 9483: 8480: 7728: 7720: 7391: 7241: 7191: 7139:

persecution of Shia Muslims throughout history by their Sunnī co-religionists

7094: 6967: 6947: 6931: 6817: 6791: 6679: 6657: 6515: 6365: 6344: 6266: 6190: 6183: 6147: 6142: 6075: 5698: 5489: 5435: 5331: 5326: 4775:

A 2010 estimate was that Shia made up about 10–15% of Pakistan's population.

4727: 4722: 4602: 4546: 4542: 4270: 4112: 4108: 4006: 3961: 3888:(literally, the "false Messiah" or Antichrist). Jesus, who is considered the 3877: 3677: 3631: 3616: 3424: 3412: 3379: 3356:

in 657 turned the tide against ʿAlī, who lost due to arbitration issues with

3176: 3070: 2851:(central Iraq). Ashura is a day of deep mourning which occurs on the 10th of 2844: 2836: 2663: 2558: 2519: 2482:, is a popular pilgrimage site for Shia Muslims. Local belief holds that the 2290: 2274: 1817: 1813: 1506: 1475: 1200: 1105: 1065: 477: 338: 323: 20978: 17049: 13344:. Translated by Limba, Mansoor L. Ahlul Bayt Digital Islamic Library Project 13067:

An Introduction to Shiʻi Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shiʻism

12921: 11477: 11275: 10590:"Mitigating Sunni-Shia conflict in 'the world's most charming police state'" 9376:

Chodorow, Stanley; Knox, MacGregor; Shirokauer, Conrad; Strayer, Joseph R.;

7852: 7711: 7684: 6958:

continued to rule over Yemen until the middle of the 20th century, when the

6066:. It sees Islam as a political system and differs from the other mainstream 3532:; rather than surrendering, Husayn and his followers chose to fight. In the 3215: 22422: 22324: 22185: 21873: 21868: 21846: 21836: 21717: 21171: 21106: 21049: 21034: 21000: 20625: 20533: 19611: 19502: 19497: 19348: 19318: 19192: 19160: 18908: 18879: 18866: 18685: 18610: 18270: 18122: 18000: 17716: 17620: 17608: 17322: 17115: 17044: 16832:

Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī

16772: 16750: 16741: 16641: 16118: 15934: 15869: 15562: 15459: 15450: 15356: 15110: 14778: 14697: 14628: 14492: 13989: 13929: 13904: 13885: 13090:

Peshawar Nights, A Transcript of a Dialogue between Shia and Sunni scholars

13062: 12722: 11317:

America & Islam: Soundbites, Suicide Bombs and the Road to Donald Trump

11048: 10219:

In Yemen, Zaidists, a Shia offshoot, constitute 30% of the total population

9843: 9607: 9408:

Fossier, Robert; Sondheimer, Janet; Airlie, Stuart; Marsack, Robyn (1997).

7752: 7406: 7291: 7183: 7098: 7082: 6987: 6782:

as the 5th Imam. After the time of Zayd ibn ʿAlī, the Zaydīs believed that

6779: 6755: 6687: 6523: 6320: 6292: 5774: 5617: 5062: 5057: 4659: 4651: 4620: 4583: 4538: 4322: 4294: 4128: 4047: 4035: 4026: 4010: 3857: 3849: 3798: 3734: 3647: 3250: 3151: 3043: 2699: 2542: 2317: 2076: 1988: 1929: 1518: 1418:, whose adherents believe that Muhammad did not appoint a successor before 1251: 1207: 944: 676: 665: 525: 355: 254: 20672: 19399: 16782: 16280: 15900: 12963: 9125: 3801:, through which God guides him, and the Imam, in turn, guides the people. 3067:

Shīʿa sacred places and heritage sites in Saudi Arabia have been destroyed

22344: 22319: 22143: 22111: 22102: 22048: 21978: 21963: 21856: 21747: 21430: 21378: 21166: 20884: 20864: 20704: 20645: 20383: 20379: 19762: 19710: 19680: 19517: 19371: 19263: 19187: 19052: 18988: 18939: 18247: 17737: 17676: 17603: 17490: 17097: 16819: 16787: 16737: 16603: 16301: 16266: 16248: 16040: 15777: 15707: 15387: 15286: 14855: 14828: 14818: 14755: 14660: 14650: 14645: 14477: 14460: 14284: 14199: 14039: 13914: 12868:. Translated by Seyyed Hossein Nasr. State University of New York Press. 12372:), translated by Paul Sprachman. Delmor, NY: Center for Iranian Studies, 12368: 10385: 10152: 9215:ولایت علی در قرآن کریم و سنت پیامبر، مرکز فرهنگی انتشاراتی منیر، چاپ هفتم 8661:

Constructing nationalism in Iran: from the Qajars to the Islamic Republic

8572:

Transnational Shia politics: religious and political networks in the Gulf

7781:, divinely guided leaders of the Shiʿi communities, sinless, and granted 7451:

less than 5% to 17% of Nigeria's Muslim population of about 100 million."

7386: 7138: 7130: 7063: 6898:

from 788 to 985 CE. Another Zaydī State was established in the region of

6826:

rebellion against the Umayyads in protest of their tyranny and corruption

6636: 6514:; Ṭayyibi Ismāʿīlīs, also known as "Bohras", are further divided between 6340: 6316: 6312: 6242: 6216: 5988: 5804: 5505: 4957: 4952: 4558: 4508: 4492: 4436: 4326: 4309: 4250: 4018: 3698: 3681: 3581: 3520: 3325: 3239: 3201: 2971: 2936: 2919: 2875:, Muhammad's birth date. Unlike Sunnī Muslims, who celebrate the 12th of 2858: 2813: 2804: 2649: 2616: 2611: 2572: 2155: 2098: 1917: 1497:

Shia Islam is followed by 10–15% of all Muslims. Although there are many

1451: 1438:) caliph after Muhammad (632–634 CE). Adherents of Shia Islam are called 1415: 1382:'spiritual and political leader') after him, most notably at the 1003: 961: 885: 455: 370: 365: 316: 249: 204: 189: 184: 174: 139: 21663: 21604: 20729: 20024: 19573: 12611: 12300: 12065: 12034: 11558:"حين يكتشف المغاربة أنهم كانوا شيعة وخوارج قبل أن يصبحوا مالكيين !" 11396:

The Middle East Today: Political, Geographical and Cultural Perspectives

8946: 8811: 8442:"Lady Fatima inspired women of Iran to emerge as an extraordinary force" 8181: 8151: 7736: 2636:

Shīʿa Muslims believe that the armaments and sacred items of all of the

22310: 22305: 22180: 22175: 22138: 22116: 21973: 21953: 21948: 21789: 21779: 21742: 21368: 21146: 21094: 20834: 20479: 20459: 20077: 20002: 19941: 19705: 19685: 19606: 19258: 19197: 18976: 18971: 18956: 18540: 17612: 16746: 16543: 16324: 16270: 16168: 16106: 16057: 16023: 15976: 15897: 15830: 15817: 15735: 15711: 15640: 15487: 15409: 15312: 14685: 14449: 14445: 14279: 14204: 14180: 14145: 14099: 14034: 13994: 13969: 13924: 13909: 13899: 12983: 12564: 11970: 11162: 7230: 7154: 6979: 6907: 6712: 6462: 6425: 6308: 6304: 6105: 5753:

According to the theology of Twelvers, the successor of Muhammad is an

5576: 5237: 5232: 4921: 4916: 4647: 4531: 3936: 3725:

venerated by Shia Muslims are centered on narrations by members of the

3717:

during his lifetime), and other areas of Islamic belief throughout the

3361: 3357: 2695: 2583:

Shīʿa Muslims believe that the status of ʿAlī is supported by numerous

2507: 2148: 1809: 1805: 1593:), meaning "partisans of Ali", "followers of Ali" or "faction of Ali". 510: 21176: 20097: 14530:

Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya)

14389:

Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī

11455: 11259: 7214:(eastern region of Iraq) that commemorates the martyrdom and death of 6766:

who are Twelvers (see below). Zaydīs constitute roughly 42–47% of the

5898:

In Jaʿfari jurisprudence, there are eight secondary pillars, known as

5816: 2039: 1430:

by a group of Muhammad's other companions at Saqifah, to be the first

22257: 22053: 21968: 21958: 21829: 21784: 21769: 21702: 21550: 21039: 20961: 20921: 20911: 20874: 20849: 20829: 20724: 20590: 20444: 20434: 20329: 20104: 19914: 19899: 19864: 19847: 19829: 19742: 19522: 19438: 19417: 19412: 19389: 19384: 19343: 19338: 19275: 19212: 19135: 19106: 19057: 18998: 18951: 18255: 17686: 17501: 17001: 16989: 16967: 16898: 16811:

Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī

16802: 16708: 16653: 16578: 16232: 16227: 16153: 16097: 15843: 15698: 15691: 15567: 15478: 15392: 15372: 15217: 15158: 14670: 14638: 14593:

Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī

14481: 14359: 14274: 14269: 14079: 14044: 13939: 13934: 13045:

Shiʻite Identities: Community and Culture in Changing Social Contexts

12844:

Doctrines of Shiʻi Islam: A Compendium of Imami Beliefs and Practices

12469:"Malaysian government to Shia Muslims: Keep your beliefs to yourself" 10610:

Twelver Shiism: Unity and Diversity in the Life of Islam, 632 to 1722

7195: 7157:, without the rights to practice their religion and freely organize. 7014: 6951: 6939: 6683: 6519: 6336: 6196: 6125: 6063: 6031: 6019: 5950: 5839: 5827: 4871: 4605: 4598: 4318:

capable of taking a political stand different from official policies.

4022: 3988: 3585: 3485: 3400: 3329: 3223: 3074: 3031: 1470:'People of the House'), are rightful rulers or Imams through 907: 545: 430: 304: 62: 19794: 19323: 16992: 13239: 10786:"Challenges For Saudi Arabia Amidst Protests in the Gulf – Analysis" 9966:"The New Middle East, Turkey, and the Search for Regional Stability" 8082: 5967:(20% tax on savings yearly, after deduction of commercial expenses). 4180:

966–d. 992) was a Shia Fatimid general. Under the command of Caliph

4068: 3638:. Imami Shīʿītes believe that Imams are the spiritual and political 22060: 21804: 21794: 21649: 21161: 21141: 20968: 20844: 20699: 20067: 20007: 19926: 19834: 19821: 19799: 19779: 19757: 19752: 19732: 19672: 19639: 19578: 19422: 19407: 19285: 19246: 19202: 18993: 18930: 18834: 18737: 18588: 18094: 17952: 17904: 17698: 17652: 17616: 17341: 17186: 17153: 17008: 16893: 16885: 16679: 16084: 16015: 15938: 15921: 15752: 15739: 15572: 15518: 15300: 14748: 14539: 14372: 13964: 13680: 13366: 12414: 11658:"Shiʻah tenets concerning the question of the imamate – New Page 1" 11243: 10574:

Aswad, B. and Abowd, T., 2013. Arab Americans. Race and Ethnicity:

10468:

Bedford, Sofie (2016). Ismayilov, Murad; Graham, Norman A. (eds.).

7758: 7314: 7299: 7175: 7146: 7106: 7041: 7038: 6919: 6903: 6727: 6280: 6262: 6096:(Islamist) Shia Muslim. Because of the concept of the hidden Imam, 5632: 5514: 5481: 5130: 5125: 5016: 4751: 4478: 4385: 4361: 4230: 4031: 3897: 3773:

It is believed in Twelver and Ismāʿīlī branches of Shia Islam that

3714: 3576: 3290: 3277: 2862: 2852: 2778: 1431: 1423: 1217: 1185: 899: 833: 435: 408: 394: 134: 12323:

The Shia Revival: How Conflicts Within Islam Will Shape the Future

12147:"From Paper State to Caliphate: The Ideology of the Islamic State" 10207:"The Arab Spring: The Initiating Event for a New Arab World Order" 9998:

The Alevis in Turkey: The Emergence of a Secular Islamic Tradition

9505: 7744: 6588: 5979:

is the responsibility of Muhammad and the Twelve Imams. Since the

5785:, who is believed by Twelvers to be currently alive and hidden in 5518:(i.e., someone authorized to issue legal opinions in Shia Islam). 5509: 4619:

Significant Shia communities also exist in the coastal regions of

4092: 3971:

dynasty. at its peak consisted of large portions of Iran and Iraq.

3596: 3360:, the governor of Damascus. ʿAlī withdrew to Kufa, overcoming the 2847:

and grandson of Muhammad, who was killed by Yazid ibn Muawiyah in

2731: 2714: 22329: 21933: 21898: 21819: 21732: 21673: 21577: 21302: 21156: 20906: 20859: 20744: 20620: 20439: 19946: 19909: 19720: 19270: 19236: 19079: 18780: 18603: 18209: 17897: 17777: 17669: 17662: 17657: 17399: 17191: 17171: 17132: 16977: 16824:

Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī

16768: 16725: 16572: 16562: 16287: 16236: 16190: 16028: 15925: 15826: 15805: 15684: 15679: 15554: 15505: 15433: 15382: 15103: 14982: 14655: 14469: 14401: 13791: 12532:"Conspiratorial Narratives in Violent Political Actors' Language" 12193: 11369:"Are the Druze People Arabs or Muslims? Deciphering Who They Are" 10234:

International Religious Freedom (2010): Annual Report to Congress

8853:"From the article on Shii Islam in Oxford Islamic Studies Online" 8353: 8312:, by Allamah Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i (1979), pp. 41–44 7983:

Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali (20 July 2005). Ehsan Yarshater (ed.).

7574: 7171: 7167: 6915: 6895: 6891: 6887: 6743: 6703: 6566: 6429: 6071: 6025: 6013: 5831: 5588: 5580: 5527: 5485: 5355: 5271: 5266: 5203: 5198: 5180: 5091: 5086: 5031: 5026: 4981: 4906: 4663: 4609: 4587: 4456: 4410: 4337: 4312:

on the state followed by the emergence of an independent body of

4238: 3998: 3965: 3951: 3940: 3930: 3896:") in Islam, will descend at the point of a white arcade east of 3893: 3774: 3529: 3480: 3465: 3392: 3288:

met with the leaders of Medina and elected Abū Bakr as the first

3134: 3121:

explicitly labeled as impure by certain Shia religious scholars.

3039: 3003: 2999: 2963: 2891: 2848: 2772: 2744: 2531: 2302: 2298: 2085: 2024: 1514: 1510: 1411: 1050: 727: 311: 299: 294: 12681: 11267: 4305:

onwards and the resurgence of antagonism between the two groups.

4225: 22242: 22121: 22106: 21925: 21814: 21799: 21757: 21535: 21435: 20709: 20464: 20454: 20148: 20109: 19951: 19559: 19529: 19253: 18127: 18101: 18060: 18021: 17938: 17851: 17772: 17627: 17573: 17568: 17335: 17259: 17196: 17176: 17057: 17021: 16210: 16113: 16050: 15929: 15772: 15726: 15206: 14515:

Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya)

14473: 14420: 13844: 13755: 13312: 12197:

The Psychologies in Religion: Working with the Religious Client

12106: 11982: 11978: 11707:

Hamid Al-Din Al-Kirmani: Ismaili Thought in the Age of Al-Hakim

11174: 11170: 10392:. Japan Center for Area Studies, National Museum of Ethnology. 9530: 8292:", Brandon Toropov, Father Luke Buckles, Alpha; 3rd ed., 2004, 8012: 8010: 8008: 8006: 7782: 7199: 7086: 6971: 6943: 6812: 6783: 6534:, and the Imams following him went into a period of anonymity ( 6492: 6300: 6208: 6200: 6004: 6000: 5858: 5821: 5762: 5678: 5612: 5449:

As of 2015, about 5% of Omanis are Shia (compared to about 50%

5184: 5160: 5155: 4977: 4886: 4881: 4628: 4613: 4568:(no figures exist for the non-citizen population), over 20% in 4514: 4377: 4353: 4345: 4262: 4148: 4144: 4132: 4039: 3995: 3845: 3782: 3707: 3592:(shown below). Two swords were captured from the temple of the 3551: 3548:

definitive separation between the Shia and Sunnī sects of Islam

3538: 3443: 3370:). Subsequently, Muawiyah asserted his claim to the caliphate. 3313: 3235: 3078: 2987: 2872: 2786:. The Sunnīs tend to combine only under certain circumstances. 2584: 2523: 2164: 1996: 1777: 1628:) denotes both the singular noun and the adjective form, while 1427: 1070: 1060: 849: 817: 809: 794: 788: 672: 560: 500: 403: 384: 179: 169: 77: 20655: 14380:

Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī

12154:

The Brookings Project on U.S. Relations with the Islamic World

11939:"Arab Coalition Faces New Islamic State Foe in Yemen Conflict" 10544:"Islamic Movement in Nigeria: The Iranian-inspired Shia group" 7271: 6993:

Currently, the most prominent Zaydī political movement is the

6552:

Ismāʿīlīs have categorized their practices which are known as

3301: 2978:

in Shia Islam. 25 Million Shias visiting the shrine each year.

2955: 2898:. This day is also considered as the "'women and mothers' day" 1729: 1683: 1652: 1617: 1305: 593: 21938: 21712: 21692: 21677: 21275: 21101: 20896: 20759: 20714: 20694: 19936: 19333: 19179: 18961: 18376: 18201: 18155: 18143: 17945: 17931: 17890: 17563: 17420: 17406: 17327: 17290: 17181: 16222: 15847: 15648: 15636: 14438: 14413: 14384: 13773: 12052: 10529:"More Trouble Between Nigeria's Shia Minority and the Police" 10292: 8034: 8032: 8030: 7770: 7211: 6998: 6918:; it lasted until the death of its leader at the hand of the 6653: 6614: 6582: 6572: 6454: 6438: 6417: 6391: 6324: 6296: 6284: 6276: 6067: 5996: 5963: 5943: 5935: 5928: 5907: 5758: 5754: 5666: 5450: 5400: 5395: 4996: 4991: 4851: 4846: 4816: 4667: 4655: 4394: 4357:(accounts of the sayings and living habits attributed to the 4341: 4314: 4193: 4140: 4116: 3926: 3865: 3814: 3759: 3710:(accounts of the sayings and living habits attributed to the 3620: 3366: 3341: 3255: 3156: 2995: 2983: 2905: 2866: 2783: 2760: 2755: 2736: 2511: 2487: 2431:) similar to Muhammad, according to the Shīʿīte perspective. 2404: 2238: 2097:), the Islamic profession of faith, differs from that of the 2056: 2052: 2044: 1972: 1960: 1908: 1825: 1793: 1761: 1483: 1325: 1212: 1090: 781: 739: 732: 655: 647: 413: 389: 13026:

Early Shiʻi Thought: The Teachings of Imam Muhammad Al-Baqir

12629:"The Islamic State Exploits Entrenched Anti-Shia Incitement" 11454:. Embassy of the Republic of Yemen in Canada. Archived from 8003: 5731:

Sunni reports about there being 12 successors to the Prophet

3238:'s husband, first emerged as a distinct movement during the 2758:

five times daily, Shia Muslims have the option of combining

2575:

believe that the future Mahdi has not yet arrived on Earth.

2541:

Twelver Shīʿa Muslims believe that the prophesied Mahdi and

21863: 21752: 19767: 18706: 18042: 18014: 17964: 17911: 17856: 17427: 16875:

Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī

14424: 14419:

Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-

14349: 12056: 12033:

Rickenbacher, Daniel (August 2019). Jikeli, Gunther (ed.).

11426:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 106–108. 7090: 6911: 6660:) in Yemen to appoint a vicegerent after the seclusion—the 6604: 6598: 6238: 5972: 5923: 5915: 5584: 5572: 5476:

Schools of Islamic theology § Shia schools of theology

5430: 5425: 4787: 4782: 4717: 4624: 4586:

hosts a number of distinct Shia communities, including the

4397:

school of thought also increased in strength at this time.

4274: 4246: 4002: 3978: 3790: 3669: 3404: 3317: 3118: 3059: 2967: 2818: 2748: 2479: 2071: 1976: 1788:

refers to those who believe that ʿAlī is designated as the

1773: 1732: 1695: 1655: 1620: 1308: 841: 749: 16835:

Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī

12748:

The Charismatic Community: Shiʻite Identity in Early Islam

11977:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 21. 11169:. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion. Vol. 21. 10938:"Akhund Khurasani and the Iranian Constitutional Movement" 10917: 8921:. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform. p. 3. 8828: 8027: 6690:) differ on who the current "Unrestricted Missionary" is. 6323:, and in recent years several Ismāʿīlīs have emigrated to 3981:

dynasty with several lines that ruled in various parts of

2928:, anniversary of the night of the revelation of the Quran. 2506:

held in various denominations of Shīʿa Islam concerning a

1726: 1680: 1649: 1614: 1302: 21762: 21727: 20424: 19843: 14783: 11478:"Yemen [Yamaniyyah]: general data of the country" 9660: 7762: 7683:

Foody, Kathleen (September 2015). Jain, Andrea R. (ed.).

7240:

The most recent campaign of anti-Shia oppression was the

5882: 5624: 3665: 3273: 3231: 3211: 3184:

as "the Shiite Ismaili century in the history of Islam".

3007: 2901: 2766: 2475: 2396: 1992: 1765: 1686: 1336: 14525:

Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī

12530:

Baele, Stephane J. (October 2019). Giles, Howard (ed.).

12253:"Al-Ahram Weekly | Region | Shiʻism or schism" 11799:

Global, Regional, and Local Dynamics in the Yemen Crisis

11101:"The Right Path: A Post-Mongol Persian Ismaili Treatise" 10558:"2018 Report on International Religious Freedom: Kuwait" 10293:

Charton-Bigot, Helene; Rodriguez-Torres, Deyssi (2010).

8599:

Iraq Then and Now: A Guide to the Country and Its People

8413: 7137:

allies and imprisoned, persecuted, and killed them. The

6858:

first Zaydī Imam and founder of the Zaydī State in Yemen

5761:

with justice but also is able to keep and interpret the

5547:

often refer to the Twelvers by default. The designation

4389:

an opportunity to fill the legal vacuum and enabled the

2571:("Unrestricted Missionary") maintains contact with him. 12612:"Anti-Shiite and Anti-Iranian Discourses in ISIS Texts" 11546:. ar-Rabāṭ: Dār al-Manṣūr (published 1972). p. 38. 11078:. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. pp. 1–4. 10471:

Turkish–Azerbaijani Relations: One Nation – Two States?

7895:. New York: Macmillan reference USA. pp. 621–624. 6170:, wherein they differ from the Twelvers, who recognize 6074:

groups in favoring the idea of the establishment of an

18749: 12279:"The Shia, Ted Thornton, NMH, Northfield Mount Hermon" 11788: 11786: 11784: 10875: 10863: 10452:"Islam's gradual resurgence in post-Soviet Azerbaijan" 10386:

Yasurō Hase; Hiroyuki Miyake; Fumiko Oshikawa (2002).

10139:

Religions: Sunni Muslim 80%, Shia Muslim 19%, other 1%

8243:

Expectation of the Millennium : Shiìsm in History

6449:, a claimant to the Ismāʿīlī Imamate, established the 6003:, and identify legal decisions within the confines of 5971:

According to Twelvers, defining and interpretation of

4534:, although the total number is difficult to estimate. 4526:. It is estimated that either 10–20% or 10–13% of the 3340:

in 656, where Ali's forces emerged victorious against

2914:

is the birth date of the 12th and final Twelver imam,

2800:

Shia Muslims celebrate the following annual holidays:

2518:, the main goal of Imam Mahdi will be to establish an 30:"Shia" and "Shias" redirect here. For other uses, see 14577:

Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya)

14540:

Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī

12940:

Eternal Performance: Taziyah and Other Shiite Rituals

12028: 12026: 12024: 11917:"Yemen govt vows to stay in Aden despite IS bombings" 11415: 11220:

Poonawala, Ismail K. (July–September 1999). "Review:

9844:"Foreign Affairs – When the Shiites Rise – Vali Nasr" 9608:"Jurisprudence and Law – Islam: Reorienting the Veil" 9441: 9196: 9194: 8888:; Denis Matringe; John Nawas; Everett Rowson (eds.). 4151:, Muhammad's daughter, from whom they claim descent. 3312:

With the murder of ʿUthmān in 657 CE, the Muslims of

3125:, who have historically played a crucial role in the 2807:, which marks the end of fasting during the month of 2782:, as there are three distinct times mentioned in the 2647:, were handed down in succession to the Imams of the 1935: 1689: 1449:, the idea that certain descendants of Muhammad, the 16807:

Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī

14410:

Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī

13356: 12255:. Weekly.ahram.org.eg. 17 March 2004. Archived from 11539: 11529:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 262. 9411:

The Cambridge illustrated history of the Middle Ages

7267: 5187:, whom the Kuwaiti government count as Shia). Among 4673: 3854:

sectarian differences within the boundaries of Islam

3808: 3754:

otherwise, I will send you to the land of Dus." (An

3749:

lashed him, rebuked him, and forbade him to narrate

2426: 2390: 2370: 2350: 2261: 2014: 1755: 1735: 1580: 1574: 1405: 1358: 12883:Ṭabataba'i, Allamah Sayyid Muḥammad Husayn (1977). 11960: 11958: 11956: 11795:"The Role of "Coup Forces," Saleh, and the Houthis" 11781: 11508:"Sunni-Shiʻa Schism: Less There Than Meets the Eye" 11067: 8329:Al-Kulayni, Abu Jaʼfar Muhammad ibn Yaʼqub (2015). 8246:, State University of New York Press, 1989, p. 19, 6432:. In contrast, some Ismāʿīlīs believed the Imamate 5539:is the largest branch of Shia Islam, and the terms 3626:Later, most denominations of Shia Islam, including 3611:Depiction of ʿAlī's sword and shield carved on the 1723: 1701: 1677: 1646: 1611: 1537:. Significant Shiite communities are also found in 1299: 16851:Abū Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn Shabīb al-Basrī 16799:Abū Amr (Abū Mu‘tamīr) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-Sūlamī 14518:Hīshām ibn Amr al-Fuwātī ash-Shaybānī (Hīshāmīyya) 13142: 12834: 12387:"Saudi Arabia – The Saud Family and Wahhabi Islam" 12021: 11580: 11540:Ibn Abī Zarʻ al-Fāsī, ʻAlī ibn ʻAbd Allāh (1340). 10178:Merrick, Jane; Sengupta, Kim (20 September 2009). 9355:. New York: W.W. Norton Company Inc. p. 313. 9251:Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim world; vol.1 9191: 8947:"The Shura Principle in Islam – by Sadek Sulaiman" 8688: 8414:Trawicky, Bernard; Wilhelme Gregory, Ruth (2002). 8333:. South Huntington, NY: The Islamic Seminary Inc. 7978: 7976: 7820: 7808: 7545: 6058:greatly inspired by the political ideology of the 5781:) through Muhammad. The twelfth and final Imam is 5459: 4518:Map of the Muslim world's schools of jurisprudence 2918:. It is celebrated by Shia Muslims on the 15th of 2158:. The three clauses of the Shīʿīte version of the 16344:Haisamīyya (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam) 13121:Expectation of the Millennium: Shiʻism in History 13111: 12091:Badara, Mohamed; Nagata, Masaki (November 2017). 10497:"Why have Afghanistan's Shias been targeted now?" 9946:"International Religious Freedom Report for 2012" 9687: 9682:Shia Islam represents 10–20% of Muslims worldwide 7837:. London: Islamic Centre of England. p. 56. 4704:Percent of population that is Shia in 2009 (Pew) 4017:in 1219–1224, and founded by Genghis's grandson, 3230:The Shia, originally known as the "partisans" of 1907:, all bound by the belief that the leader of the 23621: 15273: 14507:Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām 12686:. Columbia University Center for Iranian Studies 11953: 11290:"al-Hakim bi Amr Allah: Fatimid Caliph of Egypt" 10319: 7499:Shia Islam and Politics: Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon 7474:Shia Islam and Politics: Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon 6174:, younger brother of Ismāʿīl, as the true Imam. 4707:Percent of global Shia population in 2009 (Pew) 2162:thus address the fundamental Islamic beliefs of 2030: 16671:Abū Abdillāh Mugīre ibn Sāīd al-ʿIjlī el-Bajalī 14521:Abū Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-Sāymarī 13411: 12705:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World: A–L 12140: 12138: 12086: 12084: 11763:"Universiteit Utrecht Universiteitsbibliotheek" 11578: 11152: 11150: 11148: 11146: 11144: 11142: 10649:Historical Dictionary of Islamic Fundamentalism 10424:. Central Intelligence Agency. 2 December 2021. 10379: 10326:. kassel university press GmbH. pp. 136–. 10296:Nairobi Today: the Paradox of a Fragmented City 10177: 10063: 9469: 9467: 8390:Ritual, politics, and the city in Fatimid Cairo 8224:"How do Sunnis and Shias differ theologically?" 7973: 7524: 7522: 7520: 7518: 7501:. Lanham (Md.): Lexington Books. pp. 1–3. 6158:as the divinely appointed spiritual successor ( 5466:Islamic schools and branches § Shīʿa Islam 5114:, an Iranian-inspired Shia organization led by 3884:(ʿĪsā), who is to assist the Mahdi against the 2970:, is a complex which contains the mausoleum of 2715:Doctrine about necessity of acquiring knowledge 2494:—once appeared and offered prayers at Jamkaran. 12887:. Albany: State University of New York Press. 12882: 12297:"The Origins of the Sunni/Shia split in Islam" 11891:"Yemen's Houthis form own government in Sanaa" 11846: 11844: 11842: 11750:At-tarikh as-saghir 'an ash-shia al-yamaniyeen 11693:At-tarikh as-saghir 'an ash-shia al-yamaniyeen 11680:At-tarikh as-saghir 'an ash-shia al-yamaniyeen 11611: 10437:"Why Azerbaijan is closer to Israel than Iran" 8876: 8874: 7657: 7057: 5256:Shi'a Muslims in Tajikistan are predominantly 4340:school of thought, which taught that only the 4005:in the 13th century, considered a part of the 3706:on the interpretation of some Quranic verses, 3446:, where in 670 CE he was poisoned by his wife 3129:, received relatively more lenient treatment. 2839:for Shia Muslims commemorate the martyrdom of 2604:Hadith of the invitation of the close families 18722: 17275: 15252:List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam 14602:Abū ʿAbdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānī (Zā‘farānīyya) 13696: 13397: 12443:"Christian outsider in Saddam's inner circle" 11222:The Fatimids and Their Traditions of Learning 9920:"International Religious Freedom Report 2010" 9275:"نقد و بررسى گرایش ایلخانان به اسلام و تشیّع" 9157:"امامت از منظر متکلّمان شیعی و فلاسفه اسلامی" 9082:Religious trends in pre-Islamic Arabic poetry 8595: 8420:. American Library Association. p. 233. 8290:The Complete Idiot's Guide to World Religions 7678: 7676: 7674: 7672: 7670: 7668: 7666: 7476:. Lanham (Md.): Lexington Books. p. 11. 7340:Imamate and guardianship of Ali ibn Abi Talib 6890:whose dynasty, named after its first sultan, 6678:). The three branches of Musta‘lī Ismāʿīlīs ( 6154:, derive their name from their acceptance of 5757:human individual who not only rules over the 3696:This difference between following either the 3557: 3373: 2115:لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا الله مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُولُ الله 1414:. This view primarily contrasts with that of 1271: 616: 13302: 13042: 12798:(2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. 12200:. Springer Publishing Company. p. 237. 12194:Stevan Lars Nielson; E. Thomas Dowd (2006). 12135: 12090: 12081: 12032: 11797:. In Day, Stephen W.; Brehony, Noel (eds.). 11792: 11139: 10805: 10803: 10522: 10520: 10313: 10180:"Yemen: The land with more guns than people" 9478:. In Ágoston, Gábor; Masters, Bruce (eds.). 9464: 9305:"The Five Kingdoms of the Bahmani Sultanate" 9020:""Solhe Emam Hassan"-Imam Hassan Sets Peace" 7515: 6090:was the first person to identify himself as 2561:believe the same but for their 21st Ṭayyib, 2293:Shīʿa Muslims also attribute the quality to 2064: 16350:Ishāqīyya (Abū Yaʿqūb Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh) 12701:Encyclopaedia of Islam and the Muslim World 12523: 11883: 11839: 11500: 10682:God's rule: the politics of world religions 10596: 10463: 10461: 10080:on Afghanistan. August 2008. Archived from 9838: 9836: 8880: 8871: 8532:. Archived from the original on 3 June 2002 7982: 7690:Journal of the American Academy of Religion 7170:(1512–1520) ordered the massacre of 40,000 7093:, houses the mausoleums of the two sons of 6412:, many Ismāʿīlīs believed that one day the 3870:prophesied eschatological redeemer of Islam 3109:. This categorization sometimes extends to 3010:are the most revered by Shīʿa Muslims. The 2301:, daughter of Muhammad, in contrast to the 18729: 18715: 17282: 17268: 16371:Tarā'ifīyya (Ahmad ibn ʿAbdūs at-Tarā'ifī) 13723: 13703: 13689: 13404: 13390: 12937: 12860: 12764: 12637:Carnegie Endowment for International Peace 12626: 11964: 11748:Article by Sayyid Ali ibn ' Ali Al-Zaidi, 11691:Article by Sayyid 'Ali ibn 'Ali Al-Zaidi, 11393: 11213: 10901:(in Persian). 1 March 2020. Archived from 10816:. Crabtree Publishing Company. p. 7. 10365:. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 55. 10150: 9784: 9782: 9780: 9778: 9776: 9774: 9772: 9621: 9619: 9617: 9531:Stanford J. Shaw; Ezel Kural Shaw (1976). 8855:. Oxfordislamicstudies.com. Archived from 8354:Allamah Muhammad Rida Al Muzaffar (1989). 8328: 8324: 8322: 8320: 8318: 8106: 8104: 7893:Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World 7663: 7149:acts. Comprising only about 10–15% of the 6625: 5894:: the rightful place of the Shīʿīte Imams. 5849:to the Jaʿfari jurisprudence are known as 4277:, rebuilt various important Sunnī shrines. 4009:. The Ilkhanate was based, originally, on 3584:of ʿAlī's sword is carved on the gates of 3101:, has considered non-Muslims as agents of 2549:, is already on Earth in Occultation, and 2147:of God is derived from the Qur'anic verse 1278: 1264: 623: 609: 13335: 13163: 12812: 12563: 12553: 12537:Journal of Language and Social Psychology 12118: 12064: 11994: 11678:Article by Sayyid 'Ali ibn 'Ali Al-Zaidi, 11219: 11186: 10847:Al-Kafi Book I: Intellect and Foolishness 10800: 10613:. Edinburgh University Press. p. 2. 10562:Office of International Religious Freedom 10517: 10358: 10299:. African Books Collective. p. 239. 10269: 9994: 9938: 9244: 9242: 9184: 9182: 8977:"Sunnis and Shia: Islam's ancient schism" 8695:Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World 8636:Encyclopedia of Jews in the Islamic World 8575:. Columbia University Press. p. 22. 7710: 7397:Persecution of Shias by the Islamic State 7362:Intellectual proofs in Shia jurisprudence 4293:. This caused a number of changes in the 4038:. Later Ilkhanate rulers, beginning with 2627: 2510:, the hidden and last Imam known as "the 1995:to be Muhammad's successor and the first 1891:Learn how and when to remove this message 21204: 15973:Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah 14512:Abū Bakr Abdurrahmān ibn Kaysān al-Asāmm 13137: 12440: 12223:"Hanging will bring only more bloodshed" 11729: 11583:Introduction to Islamic Theology and Law 11227:Journal of the American Oriental Society 10526: 10458: 10434: 10286: 10272:"Nigeria: 'No Settlement With Iran Yet'" 9833: 9050: 7765:as his friend, but appointed him as his 7602:. In subsequent sections, the spellings 7496: 7471: 7077: 6984:second dominant religious group in Yemen 6934:were initially Zaydī Shias, as were the 6762:. However, there is also a group called 6754:, is a branch of Shia Islam named after 6726: 6707: 6233: 4513: 4477: 4393:to assert their judicial authority. The 4224: 4221:Safavid conversion of Iran to Shia Islam 4091: 4067: 4056:(1347–1527): a Shia Muslim state of the 3840: 3656: 3606: 3570: 3468:-based Persian artist Abbas Al-Mousavi, 3456: 3391: 3300: 3205: 2954: 2730: 2466: 2434: 2273:'protection') is the concept of 2228: 2107:La ilaha illallah, Muhammadun rasulullah 2038: 1955: 22474: 16196:Nafi ibn al-Azraq al-Hānafī al-Handhalī 13204: 13083: 12958: 12790: 12654: 12609: 12594: 12407: 11975:Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements 11524: 11421: 11344:. Temple Lodge Publishing. p. 83. 11167:Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements 11073: 10935: 10869: 10809: 10778: 10714: 10695:What Everyone Needs to Know about Islam 10645: 10542:Tangaza, Haruna Shehu (5 August 2019). 10541: 10494: 10467: 10230: 10104: 9922:. U.S. Government Department of State. 9769: 9614: 9473: 9350: 9097: 9078: 8914: 8884:(2014). "Ghadīr Khumm". In Kate Fleet; 8774: 8519: 8466: 8386: 8370:"The Beliefs of Shia Islam – Chapter 1" 8315: 8117:. Transaction Publishers. p. 463. 8110: 8101: 8083:"اضافه شدن نام حضرت علی (ع) به شهادتین" 8049: 7865: 7566: 7208:attacked and sacked the city of Karbala 7178:(Anatolian Shia Muslims). According to 7027:Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen 7011:Houthis took over the Yemeni government 5555:". Twelver Shia are otherwise known as 4654:states. Several African countries like 3308:, site of ʿAlī's assassination (661 CE) 1868:cluttered, inconsistent, and confusing. 14: 23622: 15553: 15196:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity 13319:at the Aga Khan Centre. Archived from 13303:Daftary, Farhad; Nanji, Azim (2018) . 13221: 13023: 12745: 12721: 12698: 12502:International Religious Freedom Report 12220: 12144: 11927:from the original on 22 December 2015. 11704: 11587:. Princeton University Press. p. 11314: 11156: 11098: 10923: 10881: 10761: 10757:from the original on 23 November 2011. 10602: 10587: 10204: 10153:"Saudi Arabia's Shia press for rights" 9880:from the original on 28 December 2008. 9788: 9736: 9734: 9732: 9730: 9728: 9726: 9724: 9722: 9720: 9718: 9627:"Mapping the Global Muslim Population" 9414:. Cambridge University Press. p. 9336:. Encyclopædia Iranica. Archived from 9323: 9248: 9239: 9179: 8686: 8658: 8629: 8596:Dabrowska, Karen; Hann, Geoff (2008). 8513: 7890: 7783:special insight into the Qurʾanic text 7769:—as the "lord" or "master" of the new 7497:Armajani, Jon (2020). "Introduction". 6611: 6595: 6579: 6563: 6526:. The former denomination claims that 4642:, made up of modern-era converts to a 4229:One of the first actions performed by 3423:Upon the death of ʿAlī, his elder son 22473: 21631: 21203: 18748: 18710: 18462: 18230: 17846: 17263: 15272: 14345:Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar 13722: 13684: 13385: 13182: 13061: 12906:. London: Islamic Centre of England. 12901: 12529: 12475:from the original on 28 February 2014 12410:"Long path to Iraq's sectarian split" 12049:The Return of Religious Antisemitism? 11850: 11618:. Kessinger Publishing. p. 844. 11339: 11319:. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 86. 10990:from the original on 18 February 2007 10396:from the original on 6 September 2015 10282:from the original on 18 October 2012. 10217:from the original on 29 August 2020. 10071:"Shia women too can initiate divorce" 9926:from the original on 13 December 2019 9827: 9754:from the original on 14 December 2015 9633:from the original on 14 December 2015 9610:. University of North Carolina. 2009. 9594: 9582: 9200: 9151: 9149: 9115:from the original on 9 February 2015. 8682: 8680: 8654: 8652: 8625: 8623: 8568: 8507:"Karbala and Najaf: Shia holy cities" 8376:from the original on 25 October 2016. 8226:. BBC. 19 August 2009. Archived from 8192: 7967: 7886: 7884: 7882: 7880: 7878: 7876: 7874: 7832: 7682: 7575:"Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic" 7402:Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent 7377:List of Shia Muslim scholars of Islam 6261:by default, who are followers of the 6132: 5745:Reappearance of Hujjat Allah al-Mahdi 5675:collections of sayings and traditions 5656:: God's final assessment of humanity. 4827:Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent 4762:Shia Islam in the Indian subcontinent 4710:Population estimate ranges and notes 3827:Reappearance of Hujjat Allah al-Mahdi 3542:), and count him as an Imam from the 2449:Reappearance of Hujjat Allah al-Mahdi 1983:Shīʿa Muslims believe that just as a 18231: 17847: 13710: 13004: 12982: 12233:from the original on 29 October 2019 12221:Maddox, Bronwen (30 December 2006). 11897:from the original on 7 February 2015 11793:Nevola, Luca; Shiban, Baraa (2020). 11668:from the original on 29 August 2012. 11642:. The Institute of Ismaili Studies. 10564:, United States Department of State. 10224: 9958: 9850:from the original on 15 January 2014 9551:from the original on 11 January 2017 8918:On the Khilafah of Ali over Abu Bakr 8602:. Bradt Travel Guides. p. 239. 8059:. Mideastweb.org. 14 November 2008. 7891:Martin, Richard C. (2003). "Shīʿa". 7552:. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 192. 7256:by the same organization during the 7009:("Partisans of God"). In 2014–2015, 6374:esoteric interpretation of the Quran 6223:), who as A'immah were guides and a 5809:The Twelver jurisprudence is called 4684:Mapping the Global Muslim Population 4376:)—became much weaker. This gave the 4249:, causing sectarian tensions in the 4154:In 909 CE, the Shia military leader 4087: 3946:dynasty. Their headquarters were in 3797:), he had a close relationship with 3519:; right: the shrine premises during 2622:have their own separate hadith canon 1841: 15984:ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Hārb ibn al-Kindi 13359:"Shia Islam: History and Doctrines" 13211:Current Trends in Islamist Ideology 13207:"The Dilemmas of Pan-Islamic Unity" 13205:Khalaji, Mehdi (27 November 2009). 13185:Extremist Shiites: The Ghulat Sects 12846:( ed.). London: I. B. Tauris 12408:Gritten, David (25 February 2006). 12391:Library of Congress Country Studies 12299:. Islamfortoday.com. Archived from 11865:Woodrow Wilson International Center 11615:Encyclopedia of Religion and Ethics 10495:Massoud, Waheed (6 December 2011). 10340:from the original on 9 October 2013 10251:from the original on 1 January 2014 10237:. Diane Publishing. pp. 261–. 10151:al-Qudaihi, Anees (24 March 2009). 10078:Library of Congress Country Studies 10031:Library of Congress Country Studies 9984:from the original on 18 March 2015. 9894:(Second ed.). Washington, DC: 9884: 9789:Miller, Tracy, ed. (October 2009). 9715: 9648: 9026:from the original on 11 March 2013. 8935:from the original on 22 April 2016. 8726:from the original on 8 January 2024 8448:from the original on 25 August 2018 7949:from the original on 2 January 2005 7621:"Difference Between The Meaning Of 7029:seeking to restore Hadi in power. ( 6881: 6051: 5947:(struggle) for the righteous cause; 5720: 5189:Kuwait's large expatriate community 4640:Shia minority is present in Nigeria 4329:phenomenon to become predominantly 4253:when he destroyed the tombs of the 4173: 3856:, in contrast to the traditions of 2578: 2416: 2380: 2360: 2340: 2251: 2215: 2194: 2173: 2133: 2114: 2094: 2065: 2004: 1905:various denominations and subgroups 1602: 1590: 1460: 1395: 1372: 1348: 24: 22443:Religions and spiritual traditions 18751:Religious groups and denominations 12930: 12862:Tabatabaei, Sayyid Mohammad Hosayn 12774:Cambridge History of Islam, Vol. 1 12511:from the original on 28 March 2017 12175:from the original on 21 March 2015 11949:from the original on 4 March 2016. 11568:from the original on 12 June 2008. 11510:. 1991. p. 24. Archived from 10796:from the original on 1 April 2012. 10449: 10435:Reynolds, James (12 August 2012). 10359:Abdullahi, Mohamed Diriye (2001). 9480:Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire 9344: 9329: 9249:Gleave, Robert (2004). "Imamate". 9146: 8809: 8687:Moreen, Vera B. (1 October 2010), 8677: 8649: 8620: 8487:from the original on 24 April 2016 8469:"Inside Iran's Holy Money Machine" 8270:from the original on 29 April 2011 7871: 6927:or rival Zaydī Imams within Iran. 6831: 6737:Al-Mutawakkil Ismāʿīl bin al-Qāsim 6475:The second split occurred between 6368:interpretation of Shia Islam, the 6245:, is the 49th and current Imam of 6177:After the death or Occultation of 6023:, meaning "reference"; the labels 5878:: resurrection and final judgment; 4241:denomination of Shia Islam as the 4127:(909–1171 CE): Controlled much of 3672:, which contains the mausoleum of 2709: 2225:'Imamate or leadership'). 1936:Alī: Muhammad's Rightful Successor 1838:Shia Islamic beliefs and practices 25: 23641: 16356:Muhājirīyya (Ibrāhīm ibn Muhājir) 13336:Muharrami, Ghulam-Husayn (2003). 13264: 12814:Sachedina, Abdulaziz Abdulhussein 12627:Matthiesen, Toby (21 July 2015). 12441:Whitaker, Brian (25 April 2003). 12422:from the original on 27 July 2008 12325:. W.W. Norton & Company Inc. 11871:from the original on 7 March 2022 11646:from the original on 6 July 2015. 11488:from the original on 4 March 2016 11296:from the original on 6 April 2007 10697:, Oxford University Press, 2002. 10159:from the original on 7 April 2010 10046:from the original on 17 July 2005 9212: 8957:from the original on 27 July 2016 8630:Tsadik, Daniel (1 October 2010), 8162:from the original on 20 July 2019 8057:"Encyclopedia of the Middle East" 7639:from the original on 31 July 2019 6350: 6102:Persian Constitutional Revolution 5603:. These five principles known as 5307:Islam in the United Arab Emirates 4674:Significant populations worldwide 4210: 3809:Imam Mahdi, last Imam of the Shia 3737:, for example, Ibn Asakir in his 3580:with and without the shield. The 2934:celebrates a meeting between the 2690:(leadership), similar to how the 1979:, the holiest site in Shia Islam. 23603: 23594: 23593: 23407:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 22549:Democratic Republic of the Congo 18691: 18690: 18679: 18210:Schools of islamic jurisprudence 17458:Timeline of the history of Islam 17289: 16374:Tūnīyya (Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbdallāh) 14596:Abū Amr (Abū Yahyā) Hāfs al-Fard 14468:Abū Marwān Gaylān ibn Mūslīm ad- 14146:Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nu'mān ibn Thābit 13369:(International Shia News Agency) 13043:Marcinkowski, Christoph (2010). 12588: 12487: 12461: 12434: 12401: 12379: 12356: 12336: 12315: 12289: 12271: 12245: 12214: 12187: 11931: 11909: 11851:Glenn, Cameron (29 April 2015). 11755: 11742: 11730:Madelung, W. (7 December 2007). 11723: 11698: 11685: 11672: 11650: 11632: 11605: 11572: 11550: 11533: 11518: 11470: 11440: 11387: 11361: 11333: 11308: 11282: 11092: 11041: 11015: 11002: 10976: 10929: 10887: 10839: 10830: 10737: 10720: 10708: 10687: 10675: 10666: 10652:. Scarecrow Press. p. 319. 10639: 10581: 10568: 10550: 10535: 10503: 10488: 10443: 10428: 10408: 10352: 10263: 10198: 10171: 10144: 10015: 9988: 9912: 9512:from the original on 16 May 2016 9140:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_0378 8266:. ReligionFacts. 17 March 2004. 8063:from the original on 12 May 2011 7991:from the original on 17 May 2015 7923:from the original on 14 May 2011 7572: 7440: 7298: 7284: 7270: 7141:has often been characterized by 7074:Sectarian violence among Muslims 7035:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 6693: 6104:at the start of 20th century in 6035:are in use for Twelver clerics. 5792: 5424: 5394: 5364: 5325: 5295: 5265: 5231: 5197: 5154: 5124: 5085: 5056: 5025: 4990: 4951: 4915: 4880: 4845: 4815: 4781: 4750: 4716: 4444: 4433:sectarian crisis between Muslims 4421: 4402: 4147:. The group takes its name from 3601:Raid of Sa'd ibn Zaid al-Ashhali 3505: 3496: 3269:("commander of the believers"). 3097:Shia orthodoxy, particularly in 2596:Hadith of the two weighty things 2403:not only ruling over the entire 1846: 1719: 1673: 1642: 1607: 1295: 1245: 654: 592: 61: 22014:Evolutionary origin of religion 18551:List of ex-Muslim organisations 16921:United Submitters International 16205:Abu Bayhas al-Hāytham ibn Jābir 15583:Alid dynasties of northern Iran 14936:Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi 13222:Bohdan, Siarhei (Summer 2020). 12942:. University of Chicago Press. 12346:. Infobase Publishing. p. 385. 11893:. Al Jazeera. 6 February 2015. 11765:. Library.uu.nl. Archived from 11424:A Short History of the Ismailis 11076:A Short History of the Ismailis 11055:from the original on 6 May 2007 10627:from the original on 1 May 2016 10588:Erlich, Reese (4 August 2015). 10576:The United States and the World 10531:. Council on Foreign Relations. 10527:Campbell, John (10 July 2019). 10205:Sharma, Hriday (30 June 2011). 9870:"Quick guide: Sunnis and Shias" 9862: 9821: 9600: 9588: 9576: 9563: 9524: 9435: 9401: 9384:. Harcourt Press. p. 209. 9369: 9297: 9267: 9230: 9221: 9206: 9119: 9072: 9063: 9044: 9030: 9012: 8995: 8969: 8939: 8908: 8902:10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_27419 8845: 8803: 8787: 8765: 8756: 8747: 8738: 8720:Association for Iranian Studies 8708: 8589: 8562: 8499: 8467:Higgins, Andrew (2 June 2007). 8460: 8434: 8407: 8380: 8362: 8347: 8303: 8282: 8256: 8234: 8216: 8207: 8198: 8186: 8174: 8144: 8131: 8075: 7961: 7935: 7909: 7859: 7826: 7814: 7802: 7325:Criticism of Twelver Shia Islam 7019:Saudi Arabian-backed government 7017:, which led to the fall of the 6950:, founded the Zaydī Imamate at 6241:Karim al-Husayni, known as the 6054:) is a new denomination within 5957:Directing others away from evil 5817:school of Islamic jurisprudence 5735:Hadith of the Twelve Successors 5563:; the latter term derives from 5460:Major denominations or branches 4690:Nations with over 100,000 Shia 4467: 3434:enforced public cursing of ʿAlī 3113:, individuals belonging to the 2620:and close associates, and most 2608:Hadith of the Twelve Successors 22365:Separation of church and state 21045:Polytheistic reconstructionism 17215:Sunni schools of jurisprudence 16233:Abū Yazīd Mukhallad ibn Kayrād 14946:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub 14941:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi 14599:Muḥāmmad ibn ʿĪsā (Burgūsīyya) 14220:Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari 12990:. Edinburgh University Press. 12965:Shiʻism: A Religion of Protest 12820:. Oxford University Press US. 12796:A History of Islamic Societies 12776:. Cambridge University Press. 10362:Culture and customs of Somalia 10270:Paul Ohia (16 November 2010). 10125:on Afghanistan. Archived from 9699:Encyclopædia Britannica Online 9537:. Cambridge University Press. 9442:Saunders, John Joseph (1990). 9382:The Mainstream of Civilization 9053:"Ḥasan b. ʿAli b. Abi Ṭāleb". 8771:See: Lapidus p. 47, Holt p. 72 8264:"Compare Shia and Sunni Islam" 7821:Sobhani & Shah-Kazemi 2001 7809:Sobhani & Shah-Kazemi 2001 7651: 7613: 7590:is an alternative spelling of 7581: 7539: 7490: 7465: 7372:List of Shia Islamic dynasties 6962:deposed the last Zaydī Imam. ( 5773:, and Imams must be chosen by 5704:Muhammad ibn Ya'qub al-Kulayni 5653:Resurrection and Last Judgment 4701:Shia population in 2009 (Pew) 4524:second largest branch of Islam 3272:When Muhammad died in 632 CE, 2551:will return at the end of time 1568: 27:Second-largest branch of Islam 13: 1: 20083:Traditional Sabahan religions 16647:al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi 14973:Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid 13187:. Syracuse University Press. 13164:Wollaston, Arthur N. (2005). 13007:The Shiʻites: A Short History 12938:Chelkowski, Peter J. (2010). 12728:History of Islamic Philosophy 12162:Center for Middle East Policy 11049:"News Summary: China; Latvia" 10936:Hermann, Denis (1 May 2013). 10684:, p. 146, Jacob Neusner, 2003 8520:Escobar, Pepe (24 May 2002). 7428: 6960:republican revolution of 1962 6773: 6560: 6215:) attributed to Muhammad and 6017:and the clerics are known as 5951:Directing others towards good 5599:Twelver doctrine is based on 4572:, 5–20% of the population in 4281:A major turning point in the 4077: 3914:In the century following the 3454:and saw Ḥasan as an obstacle. 3024:Shrine of Fāṭimah al-Maʿṣūmah 2944: 2816:, which marks the end of the 2279:other prophets and messengers 2156:Muhammad's family and lineage 1579:derives from the Arabic term 282: 18736: 18536:Apostasy in Islam by country 18413:Liberalism and progressivism 16335:ʿĀbidīyya (ʿUthmān al-ʿĀbid) 16276:Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi 16257:'Abdullāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamimi 15275:Islamic schools and branches 14110:Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad 14015:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam 13317:Institute of Ismaili Studies 13272:"Shi'a History and Identity" 12968:. Harvard University Press. 12746:Dakake, Maria Massi (2008). 11815:10.1007/978-3-030-35578-4_15 11705:Walker, Paul Ernest (1999). 11099:Virani, Shafique N. (2010). 10954:10.1080/00263206.2013.783828 9353:Worlds Together Worlds Apart 9281:(in Persian). Archived from 9163:(in Persian). Archived from 9085:. p. 11. Archived from 8894:Encyclopaedia of Islam Three 8024:, LoC: BL31.M47 1999, p. 525 7703:American Academy of Religion 7577:(4th ed.). p. 598. 7458: 7448:Council on Foreign Relations 7233:in 1980. In March 2011, the 6802:, and Ibrahim ibn Abdullah. 6674:Imams remains in seclusion ( 6038: 4459:of the Shia and Sunnī sects 4321:The growth in importance of 4237:was the proclamation of the 4204:, he was freed by al-Muʻizz. 4042:in 1295, chose Islam as the 3903: 2726: 2204:'prophethood'), and 424:Bektashism and folk religion 7: 22223:National religiosity levels 21470:Nauruan Indigenous religion 21025:Hellenism (modern religion) 16267:Abu Qudama Yazid ibn Fandin 14963:Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam 14320:Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi 14255:Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi 13412:Shia Islam around the World 12699:Martin, Richard C. (2004). 12683:Encyclopædia Iranica Online 12145:Bunzel, Cole (March 2015). 10513:. CIA World Factbook. 2020. 10117:Central Intelligence Agency 10023:"Country Profile: Pakistan" 9974:Strategic Studies Institute 9444:A History of Medieval Islam 9351:Pollard, Elizabeth (2015). 9307:. orbat.com. Archived from 9057:. Retrieved 7 November 2018 8522:"Knocking on heaven's door" 8393:. SUNY Press. p. 121. 8358:. Ansariyan Qum. p. 1. 7546:Duncan S. Ferguson (2010). 7355:Imamate in Twelver doctrine 7345:Imamate in Ismaili doctrine 7263: 7058:Persecution of Shia Muslims 6867: 6800:Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya 6420:, whom they believed to be 6257:, often referred to as the 5862:: unity and oneness of God; 5727:Imamate in Twelver doctrine 5594: 5512:usually carry the title of 5448: 5445: 5442: 5439: 5418: 5415: 5412: 5409: 5388: 5385: 5382: 5379: 5376:Islam in the United Kingdom 5353: 5350: 5347: 5344: 5319: 5316: 5313: 5310: 5289: 5286: 5283: 5280: 5255: 5252: 5249: 5246: 5225: 5222: 5217: 5212: 5178: 5175: 5172: 5169: 5148: 5145: 5142: 5139: 5112:Islamic Movement in Nigeria 5109: 5106: 5103: 5100: 5079: 5077: 5074: 5071: 5068:Shi'a Islam in Saudi Arabia 5049: 5046: 5043: 5040: 5014: 5011: 5008: 5005: 4975: 4972: 4969: 4966: 4943: 4940: 4935: 4930: 4904: 4901: 4898: 4895: 4869: 4866: 4863: 4860: 4839: 4836: 4833: 4830: 4809: 4806: 4801: 4796: 4774: 4771: 4768: 4765: 4744: 4741: 4736: 4731: 4451:Monument commemorating the 4166:Al-Qaid Jawhar ibn Abdallah 3733:are not included. Those of 3397:S̲h̲āh ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīm Shrine 3222:, fol. 162r, 1308–1309 CE, 2992:two holiest cities of Islam 2951:Holiest sites in Shia Islam 2789: 2698:signaled prophethood. Imam 2600:Hadith of the pen and paper 2592:Hadith of the pond of Khumm 2427: 2391: 2371: 2351: 2262: 2183:'oneness of God'), 2101:. The Sunnī version of the 2083:The Shīʿīte version of the 2015: 1866:. The specific problem is: 1812:show: "Indeed, Allah chose 1756: 1632:refers to the plural noun. 1581: 1575: 1406: 1388:Muhammad's other companions 1359: 829:("Stories of the Prophets") 10: 23646: 21632: 18463: 17018:Bandagi Mian Syed Khundmir 16463:Muhammad ibn Ziyād al-Kūfī 16216:Najdah ibn 'Amir al-Hānafī 15894:Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani 15378:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 14634:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab 14265:Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi 14225:Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi 14050:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi 13357:Ayatullāh Jaʿfar Subḥānī. 13085:Shirazi, Sultanu'l-Wa'izin 13024:Lalani, Arzina R. (2000). 12647: 11853:"Who are Yemen's Houthis?" 11525:Hodgson, Marshall (1961). 10603:Newman, Andrew J. (2013). 10474:. Routledge. p. 128. 9977:. April 2008. p. 87. 9446:. Routledge. p. 133. 9105:"Lesson 13: Imam's Traits" 9051:Madelung, Wilfred (2003). 8782:Atlas of the Islamic World 8417:Anniversaries and holidays 7350:Imamate in Nizari doctrine 7071: 7061: 6701: 6547: 6428:, who had a stronghold in 6354: 6140: 5939:(alms giving to the poor); 5870:: prophethood of Muhammad; 5802: 5796: 5738: 5724: 5525: 5521: 5472:List of extinct Shia sects 5469: 5463: 5341:Shia Islam in the Americas 5337:Islam in the United States 4963:Shi'a Islam in Afghanistan 4471: 4214: 3985:, northern Syria and Iraq. 3907: 3830: 3812: 3564: 3377: 3374:Hasan, Husayn, and Karbala 3191: 3187: 3167: 3163: 2948: 2793: 2565:, and also believe that a 2452: 2442: 2236: 1949: 1939: 1835: 1831: 1764:after Muhammad belongs to 29: 23589: 23508: 23425: 23297: 23042: 22767: 22484: 22480: 22469: 22378: 22303: 22079: 21987: 21924: 21642: 21638: 21627: 21212: 21199: 21124: 20947: 20929:Transcendental Meditation 20822: 20809: 20774: 20522: 20499: 20488: 20415: 20378: 20162: 20058: 20040: 19984: 19975: 19892: 19820: 19671: 19662: 19620: 19592: 19550: 19483: 19474: 19465: 19431: 19398: 19370: 19361: 19311: 19178: 18865: 18779: 18770: 18761: 18757: 18744: 18674: 18559: 18526: 18476: 18472: 18458: 18385: 18352: 18324:Geography and cartography 18299: 18246: 18242: 18226: 18052: 17974: 17921: 17870: 17866: 17842: 17712: 17594: 17554: 17437: 17389: 17313: 17309: 17298: 17209: 17162: 17114: 17068: 16958: 16945: 16884: 16781: 16724: 16707: 16594: 16542: 16533: 16472: 16389: 16323: 16300: 16247: 16167: 16152: 16082: 15949: 15792: 15656: 15631: 15607:Extinct Zaydi Shi'a sects 15544: 15444: 15294: 15285: 15281: 15268: 15242: 15187: 15134: 15030: 15023: 14981: 14951:Tayyibi Ismā'īlī doctrine 14911: 14769: 14666:Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i 14614: 14584: 14491: 14459: 14400: 14358: 14179: 14133: 14120:Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki 14095:Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi 13945:Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani 13884: 13875: 13843: 13815: 13782: 13754: 13747: 13743: 13718: 13417: 13069:. Yale University Press. 12120:10.1163/15730255-12314024 11996:10.1163/9789004435544_026 11398:. Routledge. p. 33. 11394:J. Stewart, Dona (2008). 11315:Pintak, Lawrence (2019). 11236:American Oriental Society 11188:10.1163/9789004435544_038 11117:10.1080/00210860903541988 10646:Guidère, Mathieu (2012). 10320:Heinrich Matthée (2008). 10211:E-international Relations 9995:Shankland, David (2003). 9571:Atlas of the Muslim World 8882:Amir-Moezzi, Mohammad Ali 8816:. Encyclopedia Britannica 8554:: CS1 maint: unfit URL ( 8204:Corbin (1993), pp. 48, 49 8139:Atlas of the Muslim World 6721:first Zaydī Imam of Yemen 6422:Muhammad ibn Imam Ismāʿīl 6179:Muhammad ibn Imam Ismāʿīl 5648:) are divinely appointed; 5243:Shi'a Islam in Tajikistan 4413:as the state religion of 4273:, upon their conquest of 4184:, he led the conquest of 4139:, and the holy cities of 3594:pre-Islamic Arabian deity 3286:Abu Ubaidah ibn al Jarrah 3140:Muḥammad Bāqir al-Majlisῑ 3092: 2735:Shia Muslims gathered in 2721:Muhammad Rida al-Muzaffar 22534:Central African Republic 19630:Vietnamese folk religion 19021:Charismatic Christianity 18633:Islamic view of miracles 16636:Umayr ibn Bayān al-ʿIjlī 15511:Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi 15125:The Moderation in Belief 15006:Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya 14744:Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi 14315:Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri 14245:Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi 13280:Cambridge, Massachusetts 13276:shiism.wcfia.harvard.edu 13168:. Kessinger Publishing. 12610:Ghasemi, Faezeh (2017). 12595:Ghasemi, Faezeh (2020). 12555:10.1177/0261927X19868494 11579:Ignác Goldziher (1981). 11422:Daftary, Farhad (1998). 11340:Jonas, Margaret (2011). 11074:Daftary, Farhad (1998). 10984:"Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i" 10810:Richter, Joanne (2006). 10672:Tabataba'i (1979), p. 76 9898:. 2008. pp. 80–81. 9892:Atlas of the Middle East 9079:Mustafa, Ghulam (1968). 8569:Louėr, Laurence (2008). 7987:. Encyclopædia Iranica. 7433: 7335:Imamate in Shia doctrine 7151:global Muslim population 7119:religious discrimination 6854:Al-Ḥādī ila'l-Ḥaqq Yaḥyā 6807:Zaydī doctrine of Imamah 6717:al-Ḥādī ila'l-Ḥaqq Yaḥyā 6447:Abdullah al-Mahdi Billah 6121:Muhammad Kazim Khurasani 5902:, which are as follows: 5749:The Fourteen Infallibles 5660: 4528:global Muslim population 4455:, where more than 7,000 4285:was the dominion of the 3837:Imamate in Shia doctrine 3567:Imamate in Shia doctrine 3234:, Muhammad's cousin and 3226:manuscript illustration) 3132:Shi'ite theologians and 2796:Shia days of remembrance 2463:The Fourteen Infallibles 2314:Shīʿa Muslim theologians 2059:, displaying the phrase 1903:Shīʿa Islam encompasses 1784:expresses that the term 1743:) are the forms used in 918:Medieval Islamic science 571:Umm Farwah bint al-Qasim 22428:New religious movements 22066:Theories about religion 22019:Evolutionary psychology 21070:Modern Finnish paganism 19097:Independent Catholicism 18398:Creationism (evolution) 17093:Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani 16489:Hammād ibn Abū Sūlaimān 16407:Yūnus ibn Awn an-Namīrī 16179:Abd al-Karīm ibn Adjrād 15118:Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi 15076:Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah 14931:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani 14335:Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi 14240:Akmal al-Din al-Babarti 14230:'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari 14070:Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani 14025:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi 13960:Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini 13286:). 2022. Archived from 13228:The Middle East Journal 12342:George C. Kohn (2007). 11612:James Hastings (2003). 11012:, Norton, (2006), p. 76 10592:. Agence France-Presse. 9474:Masters, Bruce (2009). 9134:(2nd ed.). Brill. 8915:Olawuyi, Toyib (2014). 8387:Sanders, Paula (1994). 8356:The faith of Shia Islam 7699:Oxford University Press 7005:("Believing Youth") or 7001:, known by the name of 6954:in 893–897 CE, and the 6894:, ruled in the western 6735:under the rule of Imam 6626:Contemporary leadership 6532:Al-Amir bi-Ahkami l-Lah 5973:Islamic jurisprudence ( 3929:dynasty in what is now 3472:(between 1868 and 1933) 3430:upon certain conditions 3409:ʿAbd al-ʿAẓīm al-Ḥasanī 3407:, contains the tomb of 3320:. ʿAlī's rule over the 2904:'s birthday on 13th of 2894:'s birthday on 20th of 2869:, 40 days after Ashura. 2305:, who do not attribute 1486:. Later events such as 23077:Bosnia and Herzegovina 21085:Erzyan native religion 20934:Unitarian Universalism 20340:Native American Church 19141:Oneness Pentecostalism 18648:Persecution of Muslims 18546:List of former Muslims 17463:Succession to Muhammad 16765:Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu 16347:Hīdīyya (Hīd ibn Saif) 15840:Baha al-Din al-Muqtana 15335:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari 14996:Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd 14991:Abu'l-Jarud al-Hamdani 14926:Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani 14886:Agha Zia ol Din Araghi 14871:Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi 14551:Abu al-Husayn al-Basri 14546:Al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar 14305:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi 14215:Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi 14210:Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi 14195:Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi 14065:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani 14030:Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati 13955:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi 13305:"What is Shi'a Islam?" 13095:Ansariyan Publications 12904:Shia political thought 11736:Encyclopaedia of Islam 10942:Middle Eastern Studies 10155:. BBC Arabic Service. 9668:. 2010. Archived from 9279:پرتال جامع علوم انسانی 9227:Corbin 1993, pp. 45–51 9161:پرتال جامع علوم انسانی 9132:Encyclopaedia of Islam 8753:Dakake (2008), pp. 1–2 8240:Nasr, Sayyed Hossein. 7835:Shia political thought 7795:twelfth and final Imam 7777:would become known as 7472:Armajani, Jon (2020). 7422:Shia view of the Quran 7110: 7049:terrorist organization 7023:Abd Rabbuh Mansur Hadi 6816:descended from either 6740: 6724: 6723:, minted in 910–911 CE 6250: 6082:under the rule of the 5097:Shi'a Islam in Nigeria 5037:Shi'a Islam in Lebanon 4831:12,300,000–18,500,000 4519: 4511: 4308:Initial dependence of 4278: 4192:, founded the city of 4120: 4084: 3977:(990–1096 CE): a Shia 3910:List of Shia dynasties 3861: 3852:both were tolerant of 3693: 3640:successors to Muhammad 3623: 3604: 3473: 3420: 3309: 3227: 3148:Supreme Leader of Iran 3020:Sanctuary of Imam Reza 3012:Sanctuary of Imām ʿAlī 2979: 2960:Sanctuary of Imam Reza 2822:or pilgrimage to Mecca 2751: 2495: 2375:) and the messengers ( 2080: 1980: 1969:Sanctuary of Imām ʿAlī 1946:Succession to Muhammad 1804:as the Quranic verses 1320:is the second-largest 928:Succession to Muhammad 506:Khadija bint Khuwaylid 93:Succession to Muhammad 23397:Saint Kitts and Nevis 22694:São Tomé and Príncipe 22554:Republic of the Congo 20782:Aboriginal Australian 19493:Chinese folk religion 18442:Conversion to mosques 18309:Alchemy and chemistry 17034:Wallace Fard Muhammad 15991:Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya 15498:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi 15247:Early Muslim scholars 15055:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq 14325:Rahmatullah Kairanawi 14075:Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi 13985:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi 13183:Moosa, Matti (1988). 13009:. Markus Wiener Pub. 12902:Vaezi, Ahmad (2004). 12598:Anti-Shiism Discourse 12166:Brookings Institution 11482:Population Statistics 11051:. 22 September 2003. 10849:. Taqwa Media. 2012. 9089:on 6 September 2015. 8659:Litvak, Meir (2017). 7919:. americandruze.com. 7833:Vaezi, Ahmad (2004). 7797:in the ninth century. 7712:10.1093/jaarel/lfv029 7330:History of Shia Islam 7210:, the Shia shrine in 7081: 7072:Further information: 6838:Islamic jurisprudence 6746:, otherwise known as 6730: 6711: 6528:At-Tayyib Abi l-Qasim 6470:ethno-religious group 6459:Al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh 6414:eschatological figure 6357:List of Ismaili imams 6237: 6150:, otherwise known as 5847:five pillars of Islam 5812:Jaʽfari jurisprudence 5803:Further information: 5799:Ja'fari jurisprudence 5783:Hujjat Allah al-Mahdi 5739:Further information: 5494:Jaʽfari jurisprudence 5470:Further information: 5166:Shi'a Islam in Kuwait 4892:Shi'a Islam in Turkey 4798:19,000,000–24,000,000 4733:66,000,000–69,500,000 4517: 4481: 4283:history of Shia Islam 4269:in 1508. In 1533 the 4228: 4202:Greek slave by origin 4156:Abu Abdallah al-Shiʻi 4101:al-Ḥākim bi-Amr Allāh 4095: 4071: 3844: 3833:History of Shia Islam 3831:Further information: 3741:, and Muttaqi in his 3662:Fatima Masumeh Shrine 3660: 3610: 3574: 3517:Shrine of Imam Ḥusayn 3460: 3448:Ja'da bint al-Ash'ath 3395: 3304: 3244:origins of Shia Islam 3209: 3170:History of Shia Islam 3016:Shrine of Imam Ḥusayn 2958: 2741:Shrine of Imam Ḥusayn 2734: 2610:. In particular, the 2563:At-Tayyib Abi l-Qasim 2547:Hujjat Allah al-Mahdi 2504:eschatological belief 2470: 2453:Further information: 2401:successor of Muhammad 2322:verse of purification 2042: 2031:Profession of faith ( 1959: 1950:Further information: 1501:in the Muslim world, 1472:the bloodline of 'Ali 1384:event of Ghadir Khumm 599:Shia Islam portal 225:Verse of purification 72:Beliefs and practices 32:Shia (disambiguation) 23019:United Arab Emirates 21810:Religious experience 21206:Historical religions 19650:Đạo Bửu Sơn Kỳ Hương 18982:Schwenkfelder Church 18168:Ma malakat aymanukum 17743:Association football 16685:‘Ulyanīyya/'Alyaīyya 16480:Al-Harith ibn Surayj 15670:Theology of Twelvers 15515:Rashid Ahmad Gangohi 15062:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal 14861:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi 14260:Siraj al-Din al-Ushi 14250:Nur al-Din al-Sabuni 14235:Al-Sharif al-Jurjani 14055:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami 14020:Taqi al-Din al-Subki 14010:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi 14005:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi 13980:Abu al-Walid al-Baji 13651:United Arab Emirates 13166:The Sunnis and Shias 13113:Nasr, Seyyed Hossein 13005:Halm, Heinz (2007). 12603:University of Tehran 12160:. Washington, D.C.: 11989:. pp. 485–512. 11971:Upal, Muhammad Afzal 11809:. pp. 233–251. 11662:muslimphilosophy.com 11181:. pp. 724–742. 9876:. 11 December 2006. 9055:Encyclopædia Iranica 9009:, Vol. 10, p. tid738 8690:"Shiʽa and the Jews" 8213:Corbin (1993), p. 48 7761:not only designated 7382:List of Shia Muslims 7246:persecution of Shias 7235:Malaysian government 7115:Shia–Sunnī relations 7105:and a descendant of 7068:Shia–Sunni relations 6733:Zaydī State of Yemen 6119:against the will of 5987:, it is the duty of 5302:United Arab Emirates 4896:6,000,000–9,000,000 4861:7,000,000–8,000,000 4431:in 1514 was a major 4259:Abū Ḥanīfa al-Nuʿmān 4103:(985–1021), the 6th 4050:promoted Shia Islam. 4021:, in territories in 4013:'s campaigns in the 3956:Abu Sa'id al-Jannabi 3954:. It was founded by 3864:In Shia Islam, Imam 3747:ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb 3721:. For instance, the 3322:early Islamic empire 3306:Great Mosque of Kufa 3282:ʿUmar ibn al-Khaṭṭāb 3194:Origin of Shia Islam 3048:Great Mosque of Kufa 2833:Mourning of Muharram 2694:in the house of the 1921:, the family of the 1873:improve this section 1862:to meet Knowledge's 1824:, and the family of 1426:, who was appointed 1339:(656–661 CE) as his 1328:. It holds that the 967:Association football 521:Umm Kulthum bint Ali 200:Mourning of Muharram 130:Mourning of Muharram 23412:Trinidad and Tobago 23307:Antigua and Barbuda 22475:Religion by country 21536:Cult of Magna Mater 20120:Philippine Dayawism 19701:Nimbarka Sampradaya 19449:Chinese Manichaeism 19121:Jehovah's Witnesses 18926:Proto-Protestantism 16914:Ghulam Ahmed Pervez 16661:Abū Mānsūr al-ʿIjlī 16633:ʿIjlīyya/Umayrīyya 16431:Abū Sawbān al-Murjī 16093:An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah 15400:Other Salafi trends 15229:Musta'li Isma'ilism 15145:Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya 14536:Ja'far ibn Mūbassīr 14300:Anwar Shah Kashmiri 13950:Zakariyya al-Ansari 12662:. Westport, Conn.: 12656:Cornell, Vincent J. 12374:Columbia University 12364:Plagued by the West 12362:Al-e Ahmad, Jalal. 12321:Nasr, Vali (2006). 12066:10.3390/rel10080483 11029:on 27 December 2006 10926:, pp. 250–251. 10037:Library of Congress 9951:US State Department 9896:National Geographic 9800:Pew Research Center 9747:Pew Research Center 9597:, pp. 130, 191 9340:on 19 October 2006. 9311:on 23 February 2007 9111:. 13 January 2015. 8526:Central Asia/Russia 8473:Wall Street Journal 7757:For Shiʿi Muslims, 7635:. 2 February 2007. 7254:genocide of Yazidis 7221:During the rule of 7184:otherworldly reward 7117:has often involved 7003:Shabab al-Mu'mineen 6980:Sunnī jurisprudence 6914:) in 864 CE by the 6768:population of Yemen 6408:After the death of 5741:Occultation (Islam) 5692:Ash-Sharif Ar-Radhi 5015:Majority following 4932:4,575,000–5,590,000 4927:Islam in Azerbaijan 4905:Majority following 4870:Majority following 4857:Shia Islam in Yemen 4793:Shi'a Islam in Iraq 4691: 4680:Pew Research Center 4601:of Medina, and the 4453:Battle of Chaldiran 4429:Battle of Chaldiran 4409:The declaration of 4267:ʿAbdul Qādir Gīlānī 3868:is regarded as the 3823:Occultation (Islam) 3415:and a companion of 3338:Battle of the Camel 3210:The investiture of 3138:(jurists), such as 3022:in Mashhad and the 2612:Hadith of the Cloak 2445:Occultation (Islam) 2355:) to the prophets ( 2049:Mosque of Ibn Tulun 1915:) should hail from 1555:Indian subcontinent 728:Profession of Faith 701:Day of Resurrection 536:Ruqayya bint Husayn 443:Extinct Shi'a sects 163:Days of remembrance 150:Arbaʽeen Pilgrimage 145:The Four Companions 23347:Dominican Republic 22393:Abrahamic prophets 21509:Proto-Indo-Iranian 20093:Aliran Kepercayaan 19296:Non-denominational 19218:Modernist Salafism 18904:Oriental Orthodoxy 18653:Quran and miracles 18567:Criticism of Islam 18281:Geometric patterns 18133:Gender segregation 17704:Non-denominational 17213:Other scholars of 17104:Islamic modernists 17078:Modernist Salafism 16734:Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar 16693:Abdullah ibn Saba' 16628:Muʿāmmar ibn Ahmar 16513:Ibrāhim ibn Yousūf 16501:Mūsā ibn Abū Kasīr 16492:Muhārīb ibn Dithār 16423:Abū Muāz at-Tūmanī 15745:Astarabadi (Naimi) 15475:Abdullah al-Harari 15429:Muhammad bin Dawud 15362:Syed Nazeer Husain 15097:Tabsirat al-Adilla 15011:Al-Mansur al-Qasim 14846:Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid 14693:Syed Nazeer Husain 14616:Salafi Theologians 14368:Al-Ja'd ibn Dirham 14340:Muhammad Abu Zahra 14125:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan 13975:Abdul Qadir Gilani 13284:Harvard University 13149:. Overlook Press. 12664:Praeger Publishers 12625: • 12608: • 12471:. globalpost.com. 12344:Dictionary of Wars 12303:on 26 January 2007 12285:on 13 August 2009. 12098:Arab Law Quarterly 11945:. 7 October 2015. 11923:. 7 October 2015. 11807:Palgrave Macmillan 11458:on 27 January 2007 10895:"اخوانی گوشه‌نشین" 10421:The World Factbook 10123:The World Factbook 9809:on 13 January 2010 9750:. 7 October 2009. 9666:The World Factbook 9629:. 7 October 2009. 9569:Francis Robinson, 9236:Nasr (1979), p. 15 9213:عسکری, سید مرتضی. 9188:Nasr (1979), p. 10 8810:Newman, Andrew J. 8780:Francis Robinson, 8616:on 2 January 2017. 8137:Francis Robinson, 7985:"Shiʻite Doctrine" 7943:"Ijtihad in Islam" 7367:List of Shia books 7111: 7103:Twelver Shia Islam 7052:ISIL/ISIS/IS/Daesh 6741: 6725: 6650:Al-Hurra Al-Malika 6538:) and appointed a 6506:split between the 6504:Musta‘lī Ismāʿīlīs 6466:Abrahamic religion 6442:("Missionaries"). 6410:Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar 6331:(primarily in the 6251: 6156:Ismāʿīl ibn Jaʿfar 6108:(1905–1911), when 6060:Muslim Brotherhood 5993:Islamic literature 5620:is one and unique; 5591:(65% of Muslims). 5484:, followed by the 4689: 4627:in Indonesia (see 4522:Shia Islam is the 4520: 4512: 4336:The growth of the 4279: 4121: 4085: 3939:(899–1077 CE): an 3862: 3783:esoteric knowledge 3723:hadith collections 3694: 3684:, the 7th and 8th 3676:, the daughter of 3624: 3605: 3474: 3464:, painting by the 3421: 3411:, a descendant of 3328:, the first major 3310: 3274:ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 3259:, has ʿAlī as his 3232:ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 3228: 3212:ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 3144:Ayatollah Khomeini 3115:People of the Book 2980: 2752: 2557:and Fatimid/Bohra/ 2496: 2397:ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 2081: 1993:ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 1981: 1802:Abrahamic prophets 1766:ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib 1749:European languages 356:Atba-i-Malak Bohra 283:Branches and sects 230:Two weighty things 23617: 23616: 23585: 23584: 23581: 23580: 22569:Equatorial Guinea 22465: 22464: 22461: 22460: 22004:Cognitive science 21623: 21622: 21556:Mysteries of Isis 21352:Frankish paganism 21195: 21194: 21191: 21190: 21187: 21186: 20939:White Brotherhood 20805: 20804: 20770: 20769: 20154:Sundanese Wiwitan 19971: 19970: 19967: 19966: 19696:Brahma Sampradaya 19658: 19657: 19461: 19460: 19457: 19456: 19439:Assianism/Uatsdin 19357: 19356: 19126:British Israelism 19112:Nontrinitarianism 19075:Plymouth Brethren 19070:Nondenominational 19004:Congregationalism 18892:Eastern Orthodoxy 18840:Reconstructionist 18704: 18703: 18670: 18669: 18666: 18665: 18638:Domestic violence 18628:Islamic terrorism 18623:Islamic extremism 18454: 18453: 18450: 18449: 18222: 18221: 18218: 18217: 18008:Marriage contract 17838: 17837: 17798:Political aspects 17585:Story of Prophets 17354:Prophets of Islam 17257: 17256: 17253: 17252: 17249: 17248: 17205: 17204: 17014:Muhammad Jaunpuri 16941: 16940: 16867:Sumāma ibn Ashras 16703: 16702: 16554:Dāwūd al-Jawāribî 16529: 16528: 16399:Gaylān ibn Marwān 16296: 16295: 16148: 16147: 15811:Abdallah al-Aftah 15627: 15626: 15540: 15539: 15524:Necmettin Erbakan 15366:Siddiq Hasan Khan 15330:Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la 15264: 15263: 15260: 15259: 15238: 15237: 15178:Tajrid al-I'tiqad 15172:Tashih al-I'tiqad 15083:Al-Sawad al-A'zam 15019: 15018: 15001:Al-Qasim al-Rassi 14968:Idris Imad al-Din 14921:Al-Qadi al-Nu'man 14896:Ruhollah Khomeini 14876:Zurarah ibn A'yan 14851:Sharif al-Murtaza 14839:Muhammad al-Mahdi 14824:Muhammad al-Jawad 14804:Muhammad al-Baqir 14705:Siddiq Hasan Khan 14681:Rabee al-Madkhali 14330:Murtada al-Zabidi 14105:Ibrahim al-Bajuri 13871: 13870: 13678: 13677: 13194:978-0-8156-2411-0 13175:978-1-4254-7916-9 13156:978-1-58567-896-9 13139:Rogerson, Barnaby 13130:978-0-88706-843-0 13104:978-964-438-320-5 13076:978-0-300-03499-8 13054:978-3-643-80049-7 13035:978-1-86064-434-4 13016:978-1-55876-437-8 12997:978-0-7486-1888-0 12975:978-0-674-06428-7 12949:978-1-906497-51-4 12913:978-1-904934-01-1 12894:978-0-87395-390-0 12875:978-0-87395-272-9 12853:978-1-86064-780-2 12840:Shah-Kazemi, Reza 12827:978-0-19-511915-2 12805:978-0-521-77933-3 12783:978-0-521-29136-1 12757:978-0-7914-7033-6 12738:978-0-7103-0416-2 12714:978-0-02-865604-5 12673:978-0-275-98732-9 12546:SAGE Publications 12331:978-0-393-06211-3 12207:978-0-8261-2857-7 12006:978-90-04-43554-4 11967:Cusack, Carole M. 11824:978-3-030-35578-4 11803:Cham, Switzerland 11716:978-1-86064-321-7 11625:978-0-7661-3704-2 11598:978-0-691-10099-9 11514:on 23 April 2005. 11433:978-0-7486-0687-0 11405:978-1-135-98079-5 11351:978-1-906999-25-4 11326:978-1-78831-559-3 11198:978-90-04-43554-4 11159:Cusack, Carole M. 11085:978-0-7486-0687-0 10856:978-1-939420-00-8 10813:Iran: the Culture 10792:. 25 March 2011. 10773:978-0-19-515713-0 10732:978-0-19-515713-0 10703:978-0-19-515713-0 10659:978-0-8108-7965-2 10620:978-0-7486-7833-4 10372:978-0-313-31333-2 10333:978-3-89958-406-6 10244:978-1-4379-4439-6 10039:. February 2005. 10008:978-0-7007-1606-7 9905:978-1-4262-0221-6 9544:978-0-521-29163-7 9497:978-0-8160-6259-1 9453:978-0-415-05914-5 9425:978-0-521-26645-1 9391:978-0-15-501197-7 9362:978-0-393-91847-2 9260:978-0-02-865604-5 9167:on 28 August 2021 8928:978-1-4928-5884-3 8840:978-0-19-515713-0 8799:978-0-19-579387-1 8670:978-1-138-21322-7 8530:Asia Times Online 8444:. 18 March 2017. 8340:978-0-9914308-6-4 8298:978-1-59257-222-9 8252:978-0-88706-843-0 8230:on 17 April 2014. 8089:. 9 December 2010 8044:978-0-19-515713-0 7945:. AlQazwini.org. 7917:"Druze and Islam" 7902:978-0-02-865603-8 7844:978-1-904934-01-1 7701:on behalf of the 7559:978-1-4411-4645-8 7536:, Vol. 10, p. 738 7508:978-1-7936-2136-8 7483:978-1-7936-2136-8 7412:Shia Rights Watch 7278:Shia Islam portal 7204:First Saudi State 6623: 6622: 6451:Fatimid Caliphate 6209:deeds and sayings 6098:Muhammad al-Mahdi 6062:and mysticism of 5886:: justice of God; 5710:Wasa'il al-Shiʻah 5506:Shīʿīte clergymen 5457: 5456: 5136:Islam in Tanzania 4482:Islam by country 4461:killed each other 4257:, the Sunnī Imam 4243:official religion 4160:Fatimid Caliphate 4088:Fatimid Caliphate 4074:Fatimid Caliphate 4015:Khwarezmid Empire 3964:(934–1055 CE): a 3916:Battle of Karbala 3819:Muhammad al-Mahdi 3791:divine revelation 3764:Battle of Karbala 3708:hadith literature 3704:Shia–Sunnī divide 3582:Fatimid depiction 3534:Battle of Karbala 3462:Battle of Karbala 3388:Battle of Karbala 3198:Ali ibn Abi Taleb 3123:Armenians in Iran 2916:Muhammad al-Mahdi 2555:Ṭayyibi Ismāʿīlīs 2543:12th Shīʿīte Imam 2484:12th Shīʿīte Imam 2459:Minor Occultation 2455:Major Occultation 2428:al-insan al-kamil 2425: 2389: 2369: 2349: 2272: 2260: 2224: 2203: 2182: 2142: 2123: 2013: 1901: 1900: 1893: 1864:quality standards 1855:This section may 1563:governance system 1492:Battle of Karbala 1490:martyrdom in the 1474:and his two sons 1469: 1404: 1381: 1357: 1337:Ali ibn Abi Talib 1288: 1287: 633: 632: 566:Fatimah bint Asad 531:Fatima bint Hasan 260:Battle of Karbala 16:(Redirected from 23637: 23607: 23597: 23596: 23475:Papua New Guinea 23450:Marshall Islands 23277:Northern Ireland 22482: 22481: 22471: 22470: 22355:Secular theology 22350:Secular humanism 21640: 21639: 21629: 21628: 21201: 21200: 20820: 20819: 20497: 20496: 19982: 19981: 19738:Shaiva Siddhanta 19669: 19668: 19602:Korean shamanism 19481: 19480: 19472: 19471: 19368: 19367: 19281:Mahdawi movement 19151:Swedenborgianism 19131:Christadelphians 18777: 18776: 18768: 18767: 18759: 18758: 18746: 18745: 18731: 18724: 18717: 18708: 18707: 18694: 18693: 18686:Islam portal 18684: 18683: 18682: 18474: 18473: 18466: 18460: 18459: 18301:Medieval science 18244: 18243: 18234: 18228: 18227: 17885:Economic history 17868: 17867: 17844: 17843: 17830:Islam by country 17663:Bektashi Alevism 17311: 17310: 17302:Outline of Islam 17284: 17277: 17270: 17261: 17260: 16956: 16955: 16722: 16721: 16540: 16539: 16516:Nusayr ibn Yahyā 16498:Awn ibn Abdullāh 16485:Sa'id ibn Jubayr 16455:Ubayd al-Mūktaib 16321: 16320: 16165: 16164: 16134:ʿAjlan ibn Nawus 16103:Maḥmūd Pasīkhānī 16072:Khashabiyya Shia 16008:Bayān ibn Sam‘ān 15966:Abū ʿAmra Kaysān 15749:Imadaddin Nasimi 15654: 15653: 15551: 15550: 15422:Salafi Modernism 15325:Ahmad ibn Hanbal 15292: 15291: 15283: 15282: 15270: 15269: 15166:Awail Al Maqalat 15048:Al-Baz al-Ashhab 15028: 15027: 14958:Dhu'ayb ibn Musa 14913:Isma'ili Shi'ism 14901:Wilayat al-faqih 14881:Hisham ibn Hakam 14866:Allamah Al-Hilli 14090:Muhammad Mayyara 13882: 13881: 13752: 13751: 13745: 13744: 13720: 13719: 13712:Islamic theology 13705: 13698: 13691: 13682: 13681: 13406: 13399: 13392: 13383: 13382: 13378: 13376: 13374: 13353: 13351: 13349: 13332: 13330: 13328: 13323:on 31 March 2022 13299: 13297: 13295: 13259: 13218: 13198: 13179: 13160: 13148: 13134: 13108: 13080: 13058: 13039: 13020: 13001: 12979: 12953: 12925: 12898: 12879: 12857: 12836:Sobhani, Ja'afar 12831: 12809: 12787: 12761: 12742: 12718: 12695: 12693: 12691: 12677: 12641: 12640: 12623: 12606: 12592: 12586: 12585: 12567: 12557: 12527: 12521: 12520: 12518: 12516: 12510: 12499: 12491: 12485: 12484: 12482: 12480: 12465: 12459: 12458: 12456: 12454: 12438: 12432: 12431: 12429: 12427: 12405: 12399: 12398: 12397:on 21 July 2011. 12393:. Archived from 12383: 12377: 12360: 12354: 12340: 12334: 12319: 12313: 12312: 12310: 12308: 12293: 12287: 12286: 12281:. Archived from 12275: 12269: 12268: 12266: 12264: 12249: 12243: 12242: 12240: 12238: 12218: 12212: 12211: 12191: 12185: 12184: 12182: 12180: 12174: 12151: 12142: 12133: 12132: 12122: 12111:Brill Publishers 12088: 12079: 12078: 12068: 12030: 12019: 12018: 11998: 11987:Brill Publishers 11962: 11951: 11950: 11935: 11929: 11928: 11913: 11907: 11906: 11904: 11902: 11887: 11881: 11880: 11878: 11876: 11861:Washington, D.C. 11848: 11837: 11836: 11790: 11779: 11778: 11776: 11774: 11759: 11753: 11746: 11740: 11739: 11727: 11721: 11720: 11702: 11696: 11689: 11683: 11676: 11670: 11669: 11654: 11648: 11647: 11636: 11630: 11629: 11609: 11603: 11602: 11586: 11576: 11570: 11569: 11554: 11548: 11547: 11537: 11531: 11530: 11527:Venture of Islam 11522: 11516: 11515: 11504: 11498: 11497: 11495: 11493: 11474: 11468: 11467: 11465: 11463: 11452:Yemeni in Canada 11444: 11438: 11437: 11419: 11413: 11412: 11391: 11385: 11384: 11382: 11380: 11365: 11359: 11358: 11337: 11331: 11330: 11312: 11306: 11305: 11303: 11301: 11286: 11280: 11279: 11224:by Heinz Halm". 11217: 11211: 11210: 11190: 11179:Brill Publishers 11154: 11137: 11136: 11096: 11090: 11089: 11071: 11065: 11064: 11062: 11060: 11045: 11039: 11038: 11036: 11034: 11025:. Archived from 11019: 11013: 11010:The Shia Revival 11006: 11000: 10999: 10997: 10995: 10980: 10974: 10973: 10933: 10927: 10921: 10915: 10914: 10912: 10910: 10891: 10885: 10879: 10873: 10867: 10861: 10860: 10843: 10837: 10834: 10828: 10827: 10807: 10798: 10797: 10782: 10776: 10765: 10759: 10758: 10756: 10749: 10741: 10735: 10724: 10718: 10712: 10706: 10693:Esposito, John. 10691: 10685: 10679: 10673: 10670: 10664: 10663: 10643: 10637: 10636: 10634: 10632: 10600: 10594: 10593: 10585: 10579: 10572: 10566: 10565: 10554: 10548: 10547: 10539: 10533: 10532: 10524: 10515: 10514: 10507: 10501: 10500: 10492: 10486: 10485: 10465: 10456: 10455: 10450:Umutlu, Ayseba. 10447: 10441: 10440: 10432: 10426: 10425: 10412: 10406: 10405: 10403: 10401: 10383: 10377: 10376: 10356: 10350: 10349: 10347: 10345: 10317: 10311: 10310: 10290: 10284: 10283: 10267: 10261: 10260: 10258: 10256: 10228: 10222: 10221: 10202: 10196: 10195: 10193: 10191: 10175: 10169: 10168: 10166: 10164: 10148: 10142: 10141: 10136: 10134: 10108: 10102: 10101: 10094: 10092: 10086: 10075: 10067: 10061: 10060: 10053: 10051: 10045: 10027: 10019: 10013: 10012: 9992: 9986: 9985: 9983: 9970: 9962: 9956: 9955: 9942: 9936: 9935: 9933: 9931: 9916: 9910: 9909: 9888: 9882: 9881: 9866: 9860: 9859: 9857: 9855: 9840: 9831: 9825: 9819: 9818: 9816: 9814: 9808: 9802:. Archived from 9797: 9786: 9767: 9766: 9761: 9759: 9738: 9713: 9712: 9707: 9705: 9691: 9685: 9684: 9679: 9677: 9652: 9646: 9645: 9640: 9638: 9623: 9612: 9611: 9604: 9598: 9592: 9586: 9580: 9574: 9567: 9561: 9560: 9558: 9556: 9528: 9522: 9521: 9519: 9517: 9471: 9462: 9461: 9439: 9433: 9432: 9405: 9399: 9398: 9373: 9367: 9366: 9348: 9342: 9341: 9333:Bahmanid Dynasty 9327: 9321: 9320: 9318: 9316: 9301: 9295: 9294: 9292: 9290: 9285:on 12 April 2020 9271: 9265: 9264: 9246: 9237: 9234: 9228: 9225: 9219: 9218: 9210: 9204: 9198: 9189: 9186: 9177: 9176: 9174: 9172: 9153: 9144: 9143: 9123: 9117: 9116: 9101: 9095: 9094: 9092:these two swords 9076: 9070: 9067: 9061: 9060: 9048: 9042: 9041: 9034: 9028: 9027: 9016: 9010: 8999: 8993: 8992: 8990: 8988: 8983:. 4 January 2016 8973: 8967: 8966: 8964: 8962: 8943: 8937: 8936: 8912: 8906: 8905: 8878: 8869: 8868: 8866: 8864: 8849: 8843: 8832: 8826: 8825: 8823: 8821: 8807: 8801: 8791: 8785: 8778: 8772: 8769: 8763: 8760: 8754: 8751: 8745: 8742: 8736: 8735: 8733: 8731: 8712: 8706: 8705: 8704: 8702: 8692: 8684: 8675: 8674: 8656: 8647: 8646: 8645: 8643: 8627: 8618: 8617: 8612:. Archived from 8593: 8587: 8586: 8566: 8560: 8559: 8553: 8545: 8539: 8537: 8517: 8511: 8510: 8509:. 20 April 2003. 8503: 8497: 8496: 8494: 8492: 8464: 8458: 8457: 8455: 8453: 8438: 8432: 8431: 8411: 8405: 8404: 8384: 8378: 8377: 8366: 8360: 8359: 8351: 8345: 8344: 8326: 8313: 8307: 8301: 8286: 8280: 8279: 8277: 8275: 8260: 8254: 8238: 8232: 8231: 8220: 8214: 8211: 8205: 8202: 8196: 8190: 8184: 8178: 8172: 8171: 8169: 8167: 8148: 8142: 8135: 8129: 8128: 8111:Dabashi (2006). 8108: 8099: 8098: 8096: 8094: 8079: 8073: 8072: 8070: 8068: 8053: 8047: 8036: 8025: 8014: 8001: 8000: 7998: 7996: 7980: 7971: 7965: 7959: 7958: 7956: 7954: 7939: 7933: 7932: 7930: 7928: 7913: 7907: 7906: 7888: 7869: 7863: 7857: 7856: 7830: 7824: 7818: 7812: 7806: 7800: 7799: 7771:Muslim community 7714: 7680: 7661: 7655: 7649: 7648: 7646: 7644: 7617: 7611: 7585: 7579: 7578: 7570: 7564: 7563: 7543: 7537: 7526: 7513: 7512: 7494: 7488: 7487: 7469: 7452: 7444: 7417:Shia view of Ali 7308: 7303: 7302: 7294: 7289: 7288: 7287: 7280: 7275: 7274: 7190:." In 1802, the 7180:Jalal Al-e-Ahmad 6885: 6884: 6851: 6684:Sulaymani Bohras 6561: 6520:Sulaymani Bohras 6487:(the older) and 6255:Nizārī community 6247:Nizārī Ismāʿīlīs 6168:6th Shīʿīte Imam 6117:Ahmad Shah Qajar 6088:Hadi Khosroshahi 6053: 6044:Islamist Shīʿīsm 5991:to refer to the 5983:is currently in 5927:(pilgrimage) to 5759:Muslim community 5721:The Twelve Imams 5715:al-Hurr al-Amili 5569:6th Shīʿīte Imam 5553:the Twelve Imams 5537:Ithnāʿashariyyah 5502:6th Shīʿīte Imam 5453:and 45% Sunni). 5429: 5428: 5399: 5398: 5369: 5368: 5330: 5329: 5300: 5299: 5277:Islam in Germany 5270: 5269: 5236: 5235: 5209:Islam in Bahrain 5202: 5201: 5170:500,000–700,000 5159: 5158: 5129: 5128: 5090: 5089: 5061: 5060: 5030: 5029: 4995: 4994: 4956: 4955: 4920: 4919: 4885: 4884: 4850: 4849: 4820: 4819: 4786: 4785: 4755: 4754: 4721: 4720: 4692: 4688: 4646:centered around 4644:Shīʿīte movement 4595:Eastern Province 4576:, and 10–19% of 4507: 4503: 4500: 4497: 4491: 4488: 4485: 4474:Islam by country 4448: 4425: 4406: 4303:Mongol conquests 4179: 4175: 4107:caliph and 16th 4082: 4079: 3925:(788–985 CE): a 3848:and his brother 3719:history of Islam 3644:esoteric meaning 3509: 3500: 3439:Amir al-Mu'minin 3417:Muhammad al-Taqī 3354:Battle of Siffin 3266:Amir al-Mu'minin 3054:in Qom, and the 3036:Al-Askari Mosque 3028:Kadhimiya Mosque 3018:in Karbala, The 2994:, the cities of 2886:6th Shīʿīte Imam 2659:6th Shīʿīte Imam 2590:, including the 2579:Hadith tradition 2536:Nizārī Ismāʿīlīs 2508:messianic figure 2430: 2420: 2418: 2405:Muslim community 2394: 2384: 2382: 2374: 2364: 2362: 2354: 2344: 2342: 2267: 2265: 2255: 2253: 2219: 2217: 2198: 2196: 2177: 2175: 2137: 2135: 2126:Ali-un-Waliullah 2118: 2116: 2096: 2068: 2067: 2061:Ali-un-Waliullah 2018: 2008: 2006: 1987:is appointed by 1952:Ali in the Quran 1942:Shia view of Ali 1909:Muslim community 1896: 1889: 1885: 1882: 1876: 1850: 1849: 1842: 1820:, the family of 1798:history of Islam 1762:Muslim community 1759: 1742: 1741: 1738: 1737: 1734: 1731: 1728: 1725: 1708: 1707: 1704: 1703: 1698: 1697: 1692: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1662: 1661: 1658: 1657: 1654: 1651: 1648: 1627: 1626: 1623: 1622: 1619: 1616: 1613: 1604: 1592: 1584: 1578: 1488:Husayn ibn Ali's 1484:Muslim community 1464: 1462: 1409: 1399: 1397: 1376: 1374: 1362: 1352: 1350: 1315: 1314: 1311: 1310: 1307: 1304: 1301: 1280: 1273: 1266: 1252:Islam portal 1250: 1249: 1248: 658: 635: 634: 625: 618: 611: 597: 596: 576:Ruqayya bint Ali 551:Fatima bint Musa 65: 56: 50: 49: 39: 38: 21: 23645: 23644: 23640: 23639: 23638: 23636: 23635: 23634: 23620: 23619: 23618: 23613: 23577: 23504: 23485:Solomon Islands 23421: 23293: 23197:North Macedonia 23038: 22763: 22476: 22457: 22418:Mass gatherings 22386: 22381: 22374: 22313: 22308: 22299: 22238:Religiocentrism 22218:National church 22086: 22083: 22075: 21990: 21983: 21920: 21842:Bodies of water 21634: 21619: 21426:Jamaican Maroon 21208: 21183: 21120: 20950: 20943: 20814: 20812: 20801: 20766: 20740:Trinidad Orisha 20525: 20518: 20491: 20484: 20411: 20374: 20165: 20158: 20054: 20036: 19963: 19937:Srilankan Vedda 19888: 19816: 19691:Sri Vaishnavism 19654: 19616: 19588: 19546: 19453: 19427: 19394: 19353: 19307: 19232:Twelver Shi'ism 19174: 19036:Neo-charismatic 19009:Presbyterianism 18861: 18753: 18740: 18735: 18705: 18700: 18680: 18678: 18662: 18584:Cultural Muslim 18555: 18522: 18478:Other religions 18468: 18464: 18446: 18381: 18348: 18295: 18238: 18236:Islamic studies 18232: 18214: 18048: 17993: 17970: 17917: 17862: 17861: 17834: 17783:Moral teachings 17726: 17708: 17682:Nation of Islam 17643:Twelver Shi'ism 17590: 17556:Religious texts 17550: 17468:Early conquests 17451: 17433: 17385: 17305: 17294: 17288: 17258: 17245: 17201: 17158: 17129:Ahmed Raza Khan 17110: 17064: 17054:Fethullah Gülen 17029:Nation of Islam 16950: 16947: 16937: 16880: 16857:Ahmad ibn Hābīt 16785: 16777: 16715: 16711: 16699: 16620:Bāzīgh ibn Mūsā 16590: 16525: 16510:Hālaf ibn Ayyūb 16468: 16385: 16314: 16311: 16308: 16304: 16292: 16243: 16156: 16144: 16078: 15952: 15945: 15913:Hassan-i Sabbah 15796: 15788: 15660: 15647: 15643: 15639: 15635: 15623: 15588:Hasan al-Utrush 15536: 15502:Ahmed Raza Khan 15448: 15440: 15347:Dawud al-Zahiri 15298: 15277: 15256: 15234: 15183: 15130: 15090:Kitab al-Tawhid 15015: 14977: 14907: 14834:Hasan al-Askari 14809:Ja'far al-Sadiq 14771:Twelver Shi'ism 14765: 14737:Salafi Jihadism 14732:Osama bin Laden 14715:Safar Al-Hawali 14676:Saleh Al-Fawzan 14610: 14580: 14573:Sahib ibn Abbad 14568:Ibn Abi'l-Hadid 14533:Ja'far ibn Harb 14498:Wasil ibn 'Ata' 14495: 14487: 14455: 14416:ī (Muqātilīyya) 14396: 14354: 14310:Shah Abdul Aziz 14183: 14175: 14129: 14115:Ahmad al-Dardir 14000:Ahmad al-Rifa'i 13888: 13867: 13839: 13811: 13778: 13739: 13738: 13714: 13709: 13679: 13674: 13413: 13410: 13372: 13370: 13347: 13345: 13326: 13324: 13293: 13291: 13270: 13267: 13262: 13240:10.3751/74.2.14 13195: 13176: 13157: 13131: 13105: 13077: 13055: 13036: 13017: 12998: 12976: 12950: 12933: 12931:Further reading 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Vol. 1: 12689: 12687: 12680: 12674: 12660:Voices of Islam 12650: 12645: 12644: 12624: 12607: 12593: 12589: 12528: 12524: 12514: 12512: 12508: 12497: 12493: 12492: 12488: 12478: 12476: 12467: 12466: 12462: 12452: 12450: 12439: 12435: 12425: 12423: 12406: 12402: 12385: 12384: 12380: 12361: 12357: 12341: 12337: 12320: 12316: 12306: 12304: 12295: 12294: 12290: 12277: 12276: 12272: 12262: 12260: 12259:on 4 April 2011 12251: 12250: 12246: 12236: 12234: 12219: 12215: 12208: 12192: 12188: 12178: 12176: 12172: 12149: 12143: 12136: 12089: 12082: 12031: 12022: 12007: 11963: 11954: 11937: 11936: 11932: 11915: 11914: 11910: 11900: 11898: 11889: 11888: 11884: 11874: 11872: 11849: 11840: 11825: 11791: 11782: 11772: 11770: 11761: 11760: 11756: 11747: 11743: 11732:"al-Uk̲h̲ayḍir" 11728: 11724: 11717: 11703: 11699: 11690: 11686: 11677: 11673: 11656: 11655: 11651: 11638: 11637: 11633: 11626: 11610: 11606: 11599: 11577: 11573: 11556: 11555: 11551: 11538: 11534: 11523: 11519: 11506: 11505: 11501: 11491: 11489: 11476: 11475: 11471: 11461: 11459: 11446: 11445: 11441: 11434: 11420: 11416: 11406: 11392: 11388: 11378: 11376: 11375:. 8 August 2018 11367: 11366: 11362: 11352: 11338: 11334: 11327: 11313: 11309: 11299: 11297: 11288: 11287: 11283: 11218: 11214: 11199: 11155: 11140: 11105:Iranian Studies 11097: 11093: 11086: 11072: 11068: 11058: 11056: 11047: 11046: 11042: 11032: 11030: 11021: 11020: 11016: 11007: 11003: 10993: 10991: 10982: 10981: 10977: 10934: 10930: 10922: 10918: 10908: 10906: 10893: 10892: 10888: 10880: 10876: 10868: 10864: 10857: 10845: 10844: 10840: 10835: 10831: 10824: 10808: 10801: 10784: 10783: 10779: 10766: 10762: 10754: 10747: 10743: 10742: 10738: 10725: 10721: 10713: 10709: 10692: 10688: 10680: 10676: 10671: 10667: 10660: 10644: 10640: 10630: 10628: 10621: 10601: 10597: 10586: 10582: 10573: 10569: 10556: 10555: 10551: 10540: 10536: 10525: 10518: 10509: 10508: 10504: 10493: 10489: 10482: 10466: 10459: 10448: 10444: 10433: 10429: 10414: 10413: 10409: 10399: 10397: 10384: 10380: 10373: 10357: 10353: 10343: 10341: 10334: 10318: 10314: 10307: 10291: 10287: 10268: 10264: 10254: 10252: 10245: 10229: 10225: 10203: 10199: 10189: 10187: 10184:The Independent 10176: 10172: 10162: 10160: 10149: 10145: 10132: 10130: 10110: 10109: 10105: 10090: 10088: 10087:on 8 April 2014 10084: 10073: 10069: 10068: 10064: 10049: 10047: 10043: 10025: 10021: 10020: 10016: 10009: 9993: 9989: 9981: 9968: 9964: 9963: 9959: 9944: 9943: 9939: 9929: 9927: 9918: 9917: 9913: 9906: 9890: 9889: 9885: 9868: 9867: 9863: 9853: 9851: 9846:. Mafhoum.com. 9842: 9841: 9834: 9826: 9822: 9812: 9810: 9806: 9795: 9787: 9770: 9757: 9755: 9740: 9739: 9716: 9703: 9701: 9693: 9692: 9688: 9675: 9673: 9654: 9653: 9649: 9636: 9634: 9625: 9624: 9615: 9606: 9605: 9601: 9593: 9589: 9581: 9577: 9568: 9564: 9554: 9552: 9545: 9529: 9525: 9515: 9513: 9498: 9472: 9465: 9454: 9440: 9436: 9426: 9406: 9402: 9392: 9378:Gatzke, Hans W. 9374: 9370: 9363: 9349: 9345: 9328: 9324: 9314: 9312: 9303: 9302: 9298: 9288: 9286: 9273: 9272: 9268: 9261: 9247: 9240: 9235: 9231: 9226: 9222: 9211: 9207: 9199: 9192: 9187: 9180: 9170: 9168: 9155: 9154: 9147: 9124: 9120: 9103: 9102: 9098: 9077: 9073: 9068: 9064: 9049: 9045: 9036: 9035: 9031: 9018: 9017: 9013: 9000: 8996: 8986: 8984: 8975: 8974: 8970: 8960: 8958: 8951:www.alhewar.com 8945: 8944: 8940: 8929: 8913: 8909: 8879: 8872: 8862: 8860: 8851: 8850: 8846: 8833: 8829: 8819: 8817: 8808: 8804: 8792: 8788: 8779: 8775: 8770: 8766: 8761: 8757: 8752: 8748: 8743: 8739: 8729: 8727: 8714: 8713: 8709: 8700: 8698: 8685: 8678: 8671: 8657: 8650: 8641: 8639: 8628: 8621: 8610: 8594: 8590: 8583: 8567: 8563: 8547: 8546: 8535: 8533: 8518: 8514: 8505: 8504: 8500: 8490: 8488: 8465: 8461: 8451: 8449: 8440: 8439: 8435: 8428: 8412: 8408: 8401: 8385: 8381: 8368: 8367: 8363: 8352: 8348: 8341: 8327: 8316: 8308: 8304: 8287: 8283: 8273: 8271: 8262: 8261: 8257: 8239: 8235: 8222: 8221: 8217: 8212: 8208: 8203: 8199: 8191: 8187: 8179: 8175: 8165: 8163: 8150: 8149: 8145: 8136: 8132: 8125: 8109: 8102: 8092: 8090: 8081: 8080: 8076: 8066: 8064: 8055: 8054: 8050: 8037: 8028: 8015: 8004: 7994: 7992: 7981: 7974: 7966: 7962: 7952: 7950: 7941: 7940: 7936: 7926: 7924: 7915: 7914: 7910: 7903: 7889: 7872: 7864: 7860: 7845: 7831: 7827: 7819: 7815: 7807: 7803: 7775:his descendants 7681: 7664: 7658:Ṭabataba'i 1977 7656: 7652: 7642: 7640: 7619: 7618: 7614: 7586: 7582: 7571: 7567: 7560: 7544: 7540: 7527: 7516: 7509: 7495: 7491: 7484: 7470: 7466: 7461: 7456: 7455: 7445: 7441: 7436: 7431: 7426: 7306:Religion portal 7304: 7297: 7290: 7285: 7283: 7276: 7269: 7266: 7258:Second Iraq War 7244:organization's 7216:Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī 7113:The history of 7076: 7070: 7062:Main articles: 7060: 7046:Salafi-jihadist 6995:Houthi movement 6882: 6870: 6849: 6834: 6822:Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī 6796:Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī 6776: 6706: 6700: 6628: 6550: 6359: 6353: 6164:Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq 6145: 6139: 6110:Fazlullah Nouri 6056:Twelver Shīʿīsm 6041: 5989:Shīʿīte clerics 5807: 5801: 5795: 5751: 5737: 5725:Main articles: 5723: 5687:Nahj al-Balagha 5669:, which is the 5663: 5607:are as follow: 5601:five principles 5597: 5565:Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq 5533:Twelver Shīʿīsm 5530: 5524: 5498:Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq 5478: 5468: 5462: 5423: 5393: 5363: 5339: 5324: 5294: 5264: 5230: 5214:400,000–500,000 5196: 5153: 5123: 5116:Ibrahim Zakzaky 5084: 5055: 5024: 4989: 4950: 4914: 4879: 4844: 4814: 4780: 4749: 4715: 4676: 4580:'s population. 4505: 4501: 4498: 4495: 4489: 4486: 4483: 4476: 4470: 4463: 4449: 4440: 4426: 4417: 4411:Twelver Shīʿīsm 4407: 4359:Islamic prophet 4310:Shīʿīte clerics 4289:(1501–1736) in 4287:Safavid dynasty 4255:Abbasid caliphs 4223: 4217:Safavid dynasty 4215:Main articles: 4213: 4198:al-Azhar Mosque 4097:Al-Hakim Mosque 4090: 4080: 4001:established in 3991:(1256–1335): a 3912: 3906: 3886:Masih ad-Dajjal 3874:Day of Judgment 3839: 3829: 3813:Main articles: 3811: 3768:Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī 3766:of ʿAlī's son, 3712:Islamic prophet 3690:Twelver Shīʿīsm 3569: 3563: 3558:Imamate of the 3526: 3525: 3524: 3523: 3512: 3511: 3510: 3502: 3501: 3477:Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī 3470:Brooklyn Museum 3390: 3378:Main articles: 3376: 3352:. However, the 3204: 3192:Main articles: 3190: 3182:Louis Massignon 3172: 3166: 3127:Iranian economy 3099:Twelver Shi'ism 3095: 3052:Jamkaran Mosque 2953: 2947: 2932:Eid al-Mubahila 2896:Jumada al-Thani 2882:Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq 2841:Ḥusayn ibn ʿAlī 2798: 2792: 2729: 2717: 2712: 2710:Other doctrines 2692:Ark of Covenant 2655:Jaʿfar al-Ṣādiq 2634: 2581: 2516:Twelver Shīʿīsm 2472:Jamkaran Mosque 2465: 2451: 2443:Main articles: 2441: 2263:'Iṣmah or 'Isma 2241: 2235: 2229:Infallibility ( 2075:(custodian) of 2069:: "ʿAlī is the 2037: 1954: 1948: 1940:Main articles: 1938: 1923:Islamic prophet 1897: 1886: 1880: 1877: 1870: 1851: 1847: 1840: 1834: 1722: 1718: 1700: 1694: 1676: 1672: 1645: 1641: 1610: 1606: 1571: 1503:Twelver Shi'ism 1330:Islamic prophet 1298: 1294: 1284: 1246: 1244: 1237: 1236: 1181:Other religions 1176:Arabic language 1138: 1128: 1127: 1056:Moral teachings 947: 933: 932: 923:Spread of Islam 868: 858: 857: 845:(jurisprudence) 827:Qisas al-Anbiya 776: 775: 755: 754: 723: 713: 712: 668: 629: 591: 586: 585: 516:Zaynab bint Ali 496: 488: 487: 458: 448: 447: 361:Sulaymani Bohra 285: 275: 274: 245:Fatimah's house 220: 210: 209: 165: 155: 154: 73: 52: 51: 43: 42: 35: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 23643: 23633: 23632: 23615: 23614: 23612: 23611: 23601: 23590: 23587: 23586: 23583: 23582: 23579: 23578: 23576: 23575: 23570: 23565: 23560: 23555: 23550: 23545: 23540: 23535: 23530: 23525: 23520: 23514: 23512: 23506: 23505: 23503: 23502: 23497: 23492: 23487: 23482: 23477: 23472: 23467: 23462: 23457: 23452: 23447: 23442: 23437: 23431: 23429: 23423: 23422: 23420: 23419: 23414: 23409: 23404: 23399: 23394: 23389: 23384: 23379: 23374: 23369: 23364: 23359: 23354: 23349: 23344: 23339: 23334: 23329: 23324: 23319: 23314: 23309: 23303: 23301: 23295: 23294: 23292: 23291: 23290: 23289: 23284: 23279: 23274: 23267:United Kingdom 23264: 23259: 23254: 23249: 23244: 23239: 23234: 23229: 23224: 23219: 23214: 23209: 23204: 23199: 23194: 23189: 23184: 23179: 23174: 23169: 23164: 23159: 23154: 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22463: 22462: 22459: 22458: 22456: 22455: 22450: 22445: 22440: 22435: 22430: 22425: 22420: 22415: 22410: 22405: 22400: 22395: 22389: 22387: 22379: 22376: 22375: 22373: 22372: 22367: 22362: 22360:Secularization 22357: 22352: 22347: 22342: 22340:Deconstruction 22337: 22332: 22327: 22322: 22316: 22314: 22304: 22301: 22300: 22298: 22297: 22292: 22291: 22290: 22285: 22280: 22270: 22265: 22260: 22255: 22250: 22245: 22240: 22235: 22230: 22225: 22220: 22215: 22210: 22205: 22200: 22195: 22193:Fundamentalism 22190: 22189: 22188: 22183: 22178: 22173: 22163: 22158: 22153: 22148: 22147: 22146: 22141: 22136: 22126: 22125: 22124: 22119: 22114: 22100: 22095: 22089: 22087: 22080: 22077: 22076: 22074: 22073: 22068: 22063: 22058: 22057: 22056: 22046: 22041: 22036: 22031: 22026: 22021: 22016: 22011: 22006: 22001: 21995: 21993: 21985: 21984: 21982: 21981: 21976: 21971: 21966: 21961: 21956: 21951: 21946: 21941: 21936: 21930: 21928: 21922: 21921: 21919: 21918: 21917: 21916: 21911: 21906: 21896: 21891: 21886: 21881: 21876: 21871: 21866: 21861: 21860: 21859: 21854: 21849: 21844: 21834: 21833: 21832: 21827: 21822: 21812: 21807: 21802: 21797: 21792: 21787: 21782: 21777: 21772: 21767: 21766: 21765: 21760: 21755: 21745: 21740: 21735: 21730: 21725: 21720: 21715: 21710: 21705: 21700: 21695: 21690: 21685: 21680: 21671: 21669:Call to prayer 21666: 21661: 21656: 21654:Disaffiliation 21646: 21644: 21636: 21635: 21625: 21624: 21621: 21620: 21618: 21617: 21612: 21607: 21602: 21597: 21592: 21587: 21582: 21581: 21580: 21575: 21570: 21560: 21559: 21558: 21553: 21548: 21543: 21538: 21528: 21523: 21522: 21521: 21516: 21506: 21505: 21504: 21499: 21494: 21489: 21479: 21474: 21473: 21472: 21462: 21461: 21460: 21455: 21445: 21440: 21439: 21438: 21428: 21423: 21418: 21413: 21408: 21403: 21398: 21393: 21392: 21391: 21386: 21381: 21376: 21374:Greco-Buddhism 21371: 21361: 21360: 21359: 21354: 21349: 21344: 21334: 21329: 21328: 21327: 21317: 21312: 21307: 21306: 21305: 21295: 21290: 21285: 21284: 21283: 21278: 21268: 21263: 21262: 21261: 21256: 21251: 21241: 21236: 21231: 21226: 21225: 21224: 21213: 21210: 21209: 21197: 21196: 21193: 21192: 21189: 21188: 21185: 21184: 21182: 21181: 21180: 21179: 21169: 21164: 21159: 21154: 21149: 21144: 21139: 21134: 21128: 21126: 21122: 21121: 21119: 21118: 21117: 21116: 21104: 21099: 21098: 21097: 21092: 21087: 21082: 21077: 21072: 21067: 21057: 21052: 21047: 21042: 21037: 21032: 21027: 21022: 21017: 21016: 21015: 21005: 21004: 21003: 20998: 20988: 20987: 20986: 20981: 20971: 20966: 20965: 20964: 20955: 20953: 20945: 20944: 20942: 20941: 20936: 20931: 20926: 20925: 20924: 20919: 20909: 20904: 20899: 20894: 20889: 20888: 20887: 20877: 20872: 20867: 20862: 20857: 20852: 20847: 20842: 20837: 20832: 20826: 20824: 20817: 20807: 20806: 20803: 20802: 20800: 20799: 20794: 20789: 20784: 20778: 20776: 20772: 20771: 20768: 20767: 20765: 20764: 20763: 20762: 20757: 20752: 20747: 20742: 20737: 20735:Tambor de Mina 20732: 20727: 20722: 20717: 20712: 20707: 20702: 20697: 20692: 20691: 20690: 20685: 20680: 20661: 20660: 20659: 20658: 20648: 20643: 20638: 20633: 20628: 20623: 20618: 20613: 20608: 20603: 20598: 20593: 20588: 20583: 20578: 20573: 20568: 20563: 20562: 20561: 20556: 20546: 20541: 20536: 20530: 20528: 20520: 20519: 20517: 20516: 20515: 20514: 20512:Guanche church 20503: 20501: 20494: 20486: 20485: 20483: 20482: 20477: 20472: 20467: 20462: 20457: 20452: 20447: 20442: 20437: 20432: 20427: 20421: 20419: 20417:Tibeto-Burmese 20413: 20412: 20410: 20409: 20404: 20399: 20394: 20388: 20386: 20376: 20375: 20373: 20372: 20367: 20362: 20357: 20352: 20350:Nuu-chah-nulth 20347: 20342: 20337: 20332: 20327: 20326: 20325: 20320: 20315: 20310: 20300: 20295: 20290: 20285: 20280: 20275: 20274: 20273: 20268: 20263: 20261:Muscogee Creek 20258: 20248: 20243: 20238: 20233: 20228: 20223: 20218: 20213: 20208: 20207: 20206: 20201: 20196: 20186: 20181: 20176: 20170: 20168: 20160: 20159: 20157: 20156: 20151: 20149:Sumbese Marapu 20146: 20145: 20144: 20139: 20129: 20128: 20127: 20117: 20112: 20107: 20102: 20101: 20100: 20095: 20087: 20086: 20085: 20080: 20070: 20068:Batak Parmalim 20064: 20062: 20056: 20055: 20053: 20052: 20046: 20044: 20038: 20037: 20035: 20034: 20033: 20032: 20027: 20017: 20016: 20015: 20010: 20005: 19990: 19988: 19979: 19973: 19972: 19969: 19968: 19965: 19964: 19962: 19961: 19960: 19959: 19954: 19944: 19939: 19934: 19929: 19924: 19923: 19922: 19917: 19907: 19902: 19896: 19894: 19890: 19889: 19887: 19886: 19879: 19874: 19873: 19872: 19862: 19861: 19860: 19855: 19850: 19832: 19826: 19824: 19818: 19817: 19815: 19814: 19807: 19802: 19797: 19792: 19787: 19782: 19777: 19776: 19775: 19770: 19765: 19760: 19755: 19750: 19745: 19740: 19730: 19729: 19728: 19723: 19718: 19713: 19708: 19703: 19698: 19693: 19688: 19677: 19675: 19666: 19660: 19659: 19656: 19655: 19653: 19652: 19647: 19642: 19637: 19632: 19626: 19624: 19618: 19617: 19615: 19614: 19609: 19604: 19598: 19596: 19590: 19589: 19587: 19586: 19581: 19576: 19571: 19570: 19569: 19556: 19554: 19548: 19547: 19545: 19544: 19543: 19542: 19537: 19527: 19526: 19525: 19520: 19510: 19505: 19500: 19495: 19489: 19487: 19478: 19469: 19463: 19462: 19459: 19458: 19455: 19454: 19452: 19451: 19446: 19441: 19435: 19433: 19429: 19428: 19426: 19425: 19420: 19415: 19410: 19404: 19402: 19396: 19395: 19393: 19392: 19387: 19382: 19380:Ilm-e-Khshnoom 19376: 19374: 19365: 19359: 19358: 19355: 19354: 19352: 19351: 19346: 19341: 19336: 19331: 19326: 19321: 19315: 19313: 19309: 19308: 19306: 19305: 19298: 19293: 19288: 19283: 19278: 19273: 19268: 19267: 19266: 19256: 19251: 19250: 19249: 19244: 19239: 19234: 19224: 19223: 19222: 19221: 19220: 19215: 19205: 19200: 19195: 19184: 19182: 19176: 19175: 19173: 19172: 19165: 19164: 19163: 19158: 19153: 19148: 19143: 19138: 19133: 19128: 19123: 19117:Bible Students 19109: 19104: 19099: 19094: 19089: 19087:Restorationism 19084: 19083: 19082: 19077: 19072: 19067: 19066: 19065: 19055: 19050: 19045: 19043:Evangelicalism 19040: 19039: 19038: 19033: 19028: 19018: 19017: 19016: 19011: 19006: 18996: 18991: 18986: 18985: 18984: 18979: 18974: 18969: 18964: 18954: 18944: 18943: 18942: 18937: 18923: 18922: 18921: 18916: 18906: 18901: 18900: 18899: 18889: 18888: 18887: 18882: 18871: 18869: 18863: 18862: 18860: 18859: 18852: 18847: 18842: 18837: 18832: 18827: 18822: 18817: 18816: 18815: 18814: 18813: 18803: 18802: 18801: 18785: 18783: 18774: 18765: 18755: 18754: 18742: 18741: 18734: 18733: 18726: 18719: 18711: 18702: 18701: 18699: 18698: 18688: 18675: 18672: 18671: 18668: 18667: 18664: 18663: 18661: 18660: 18655: 18650: 18645: 18640: 18635: 18630: 18625: 18620: 18619: 18618: 18608: 18607: 18606: 18601: 18596: 18586: 18581: 18580: 18579: 18574: 18563: 18561: 18560:Related topics 18557: 18556: 18554: 18553: 18548: 18543: 18538: 18532: 18530: 18524: 18523: 18521: 18520: 18515: 18510: 18505: 18500: 18499: 18498: 18493: 18482: 18480: 18470: 18469: 18456: 18455: 18452: 18451: 18448: 18447: 18445: 18444: 18439: 18432: 18427: 18426: 18425: 18415: 18410: 18405: 18400: 18395: 18389: 18387: 18383: 18382: 18380: 18379: 18374: 18369: 18364: 18358: 18356: 18350: 18349: 18347: 18346: 18341: 18336: 18331: 18326: 18321: 18316: 18311: 18305: 18303: 18297: 18296: 18294: 18293: 18288: 18283: 18278: 18273: 18268: 18263: 18258: 18252: 18250: 18240: 18239: 18224: 18223: 18220: 18219: 18216: 18215: 18213: 18212: 18207: 18206: 18205: 18193: 18191:Sources of law 18188: 18183: 18182: 18181: 18171: 18164: 18159: 18152: 18147: 18140: 18135: 18130: 18125: 18120: 18115: 18110: 18105: 18098: 18091: 18090: 18089: 18084: 18079: 18069: 18064: 18056: 18054: 18050: 18049: 18047: 18046: 18039: 18032: 18025: 18018: 18011: 18004: 17996: 17994: 17992: 17991: 17986: 17981: 17975: 17972: 17971: 17969: 17968: 17961: 17956: 17949: 17942: 17935: 17927: 17925: 17919: 17918: 17916: 17915: 17908: 17901: 17894: 17887: 17882: 17876: 17874: 17864: 17863: 17860: 17859: 17854: 17848: 17840: 17839: 17836: 17835: 17833: 17832: 17827: 17822: 17817: 17815:Social welfare 17812: 17807: 17800: 17795: 17790: 17785: 17780: 17775: 17770: 17765: 17760: 17755: 17750: 17745: 17740: 17735: 17729: 17727: 17725: 17724: 17719: 17713: 17710: 17709: 17707: 17706: 17701: 17696: 17695: 17694: 17684: 17679: 17674: 17673: 17672: 17667: 17666: 17665: 17655: 17650: 17645: 17635: 17630: 17625: 17624: 17623: 17600: 17598: 17592: 17591: 17589: 17588: 17581: 17576: 17571: 17566: 17560: 17558: 17552: 17551: 17549: 17548: 17547: 17546: 17541: 17536: 17531: 17526: 17521: 17516: 17511: 17499: 17494: 17487: 17480: 17478:Historiography 17475: 17470: 17465: 17460: 17454: 17452: 17450: 17449: 17444: 17438: 17435: 17434: 17432: 17431: 17424: 17417: 17410: 17403: 17395: 17393: 17387: 17386: 17384: 17383: 17378: 17373: 17366: 17361: 17356: 17351: 17350: 17349: 17339: 17332: 17331: 17330: 17319: 17317: 17307: 17306: 17299: 17296: 17295: 17287: 17286: 17279: 17272: 17264: 17255: 17254: 17251: 17250: 17247: 17246: 17244: 17243: 17238: 17233: 17228: 17223: 17218: 17210: 17207: 17206: 17203: 17202: 17200: 17199: 17194: 17189: 17184: 17179: 17174: 17168: 17166: 17160: 17159: 17157: 17156: 17151: 17150: 17149: 17144: 17135: 17120: 17118: 17112: 17111: 17109: 17108: 17107: 17106: 17100: 17095: 17090: 17085: 17083:Muhammad Abduh 17074: 17072: 17066: 17065: 17063: 17062: 17061: 17060: 17042: 17041: 17040: 17026: 17025: 17024: 17006: 17005: 17004: 16987: 16986: 16985: 16980: 16975: 16964: 16962: 16953: 16943: 16942: 16939: 16938: 16936: 16935: 16934: 16933: 16928: 16926:Rashad Khalifa 16918: 16917: 16916: 16911: 16909:Muhammad Iqbal 16901: 16896: 16890: 16888: 16882: 16881: 16879: 16878: 16877: 16876: 16870: 16869: 16868: 16862: 16861: 16860: 16859: 16858: 16852: 16849: 16843: 16840: 16839: 16838: 16837: 16836: 16827: 16826: 16825: 16817: 16816: 16815: 16814: 16813: 16808: 16800: 16793: 16791: 16779: 16778: 16776: 16775: 16762: 16760:Bektashi Order 16753: 16744: 16730: 16728: 16719: 16705: 16704: 16701: 16700: 16698: 16697: 16696: 16695: 16687: 16682: 16677: 16674: 16673: 16672: 16664: 16663: 16662: 16656: 16651: 16650: 16649: 16639: 16638: 16637: 16631: 16630: 16629: 16623: 16622: 16621: 16613: 16612: 16611: 16609:Abu al-Khattab 16600: 16598: 16592: 16591: 16589: 16588: 16587: 16586: 16581: 16576: 16567:Abū Hulmān al- 16560: 16557: 16556: 16555: 16548: 16546: 16537: 16531: 16530: 16527: 16526: 16524: 16523: 16522:Amr ibn Murrah 16520: 16519:Ahmad ibn Hārb 16517: 16514: 16511: 16508: 16507:Salm ibn Sālem 16505: 16502: 16499: 16496: 16493: 16490: 16487: 16482: 16476: 16474: 16470: 16469: 16467: 16466: 16465: 16464: 16458: 16457: 16456: 16450: 16449: 16448: 16442: 16441: 16440: 16439:Sāleh ibn Umar 16434: 16433: 16432: 16426: 16425: 16424: 16418: 16417: 16416: 16415:Gassān al-Kūfī 16410: 16409: 16408: 16402: 16401: 16400: 16393: 16391: 16387: 16386: 16384: 16383: 16382: 16381: 16378: 16375: 16372: 16369: 16366: 16363: 16360: 16357: 16354: 16351: 16348: 16345: 16342: 16339: 16336: 16329: 16327: 16318: 16298: 16297: 16294: 16293: 16291: 16290: 16285: 16284: 16283: 16273: 16264: 16262:Jābir ibn Zayd 16259: 16253: 16251: 16245: 16244: 16242: 16241: 16240: 16239: 16230: 16220: 16219: 16218: 16208: 16207: 16206: 16200: 16199: 16198: 16188: 16187: 16186: 16183: 16180: 16173: 16171: 16162: 16150: 16149: 16146: 16145: 16143: 16142: 16137: 16136: 16135: 16130:Tawussite Shia 16127: 16126: 16125: 16111: 16110: 16109: 16095: 16089: 16087: 16080: 16079: 16077: 16076: 16075: 16074: 16069: 16068: 16067: 16062: 16061: 16060: 16055: 16054: 16053: 16048: 16033: 16032: 16031: 16013: 16012: 16011: 16010: 16009: 16003: 16002: 16001: 15998: 15997: 15996: 15993: 15985: 15970: 15969: 15968: 15957: 15955: 15947: 15946: 15944: 15943: 15942: 15941: 15932: 15919: 15905: 15904: 15903: 15891: 15890: 15889: 15884: 15883: 15882: 15877: 15872: 15852: 15851: 15850: 15833: 15815: 15814: 15813: 15802: 15800: 15790: 15789: 15787: 15786: 15785: 15784: 15775: 15761: 15760: 15759: 15742: 15724: 15723: 15722: 15696: 15695: 15694: 15689: 15688: 15687: 15682: 15666: 15664: 15651: 15629: 15628: 15625: 15624: 15622: 15621: 15620: 15619: 15614: 15604: 15603: 15602: 15600:Imams of Yemen 15597: 15595:Yahya ibn Umar 15592: 15591: 15590: 15580: 15575: 15570: 15559: 15557: 15548: 15542: 15541: 15538: 15537: 15535: 15534: 15533: 15532: 15531: 15530: 15521: 15508: 15485: 15484: 15483: 15482: 15481: 15467: 15456: 15454: 15442: 15441: 15439: 15438: 15437: 15436: 15431: 15426: 15425: 15424: 15419: 15418: 15417: 15412: 15407: 15397: 15396: 15395: 15390: 15385: 15380: 15370: 15369: 15368: 15349: 15339: 15338: 15337: 15332: 15327: 15317: 15316: 15315: 15306: 15304: 15289: 15279: 15278: 15266: 15265: 15262: 15261: 15258: 15257: 15255: 15254: 15249: 15243: 15240: 15239: 15236: 15235: 15233: 15232: 15221: 15210: 15203:Kitab al-Majmu 15199: 15191: 15189: 15185: 15184: 15182: 15181: 15174: 15169: 15162: 15155: 15148: 15140: 15138: 15132: 15131: 15129: 15128: 15121: 15114: 15107: 15100: 15093: 15086: 15079: 15072: 15065: 15058: 15051: 15044: 15041:Asas al-Taqdis 15036: 15034: 15025: 15021: 15020: 15017: 15016: 15014: 15013: 15008: 15003: 14998: 14993: 14987: 14985: 14979: 14978: 14976: 14975: 14970: 14965: 14960: 14955: 14954: 14953: 14943: 14938: 14933: 14928: 14923: 14917: 14915: 14909: 14908: 14906: 14905: 14904: 14903: 14893: 14891:Ja'far Sobhani 14888: 14883: 14878: 14873: 14868: 14863: 14858: 14853: 14848: 14843: 14842: 14841: 14836: 14831: 14826: 14821: 14816: 14811: 14806: 14801: 14796: 14794:Husayn ibn Ali 14791: 14786: 14775: 14773: 14767: 14766: 14764: 14763: 14762: 14761: 14753: 14752: 14751: 14741: 14740: 14739: 14729: 14727:Salman al-Ouda 14724: 14723: 14722: 14720:Sahwa movement 14712: 14710:Zubair Ali Zai 14707: 14702: 14701: 14700: 14690: 14689: 14688: 14678: 14673: 14668: 14663: 14658: 14653: 14648: 14643: 14642: 14641: 14631: 14626: 14620: 14618: 14612: 14611: 14609: 14608: 14607: 14606: 14603: 14600: 14597: 14590: 14588: 14582: 14581: 14579: 14578: 14575: 14570: 14565: 14560: 14558:Al-Zamakhshari 14555: 14554: 14553: 14543: 14537: 14534: 14531: 14528: 14522: 14519: 14516: 14513: 14510: 14503: 14501: 14489: 14488: 14486: 14485: 14465: 14463: 14457: 14456: 14454: 14453: 14443: 14442: 14441: 14433: 14417: 14406: 14404: 14398: 14397: 14395: 14394: 14393: 14392: 14391: 14390: 14377: 14376: 14375: 14364: 14362: 14356: 14355: 14353: 14352: 14347: 14342: 14337: 14332: 14327: 14322: 14317: 14312: 14307: 14302: 14297: 14295:Ahmad Sirhindi 14292: 14287: 14282: 14277: 14272: 14267: 14262: 14257: 14252: 14247: 14242: 14237: 14232: 14227: 14222: 14217: 14212: 14207: 14202: 14197: 14191: 14189: 14177: 14176: 14174: 14173: 14163: 14156:Malik ibn Anas 14153: 14142: 14140: 14131: 14130: 14128: 14127: 14122: 14117: 14112: 14107: 14102: 14097: 14092: 14087: 14082: 14077: 14072: 14067: 14062: 14057: 14052: 14047: 14042: 14037: 14032: 14027: 14022: 14017: 14012: 14007: 14002: 13997: 13992: 13987: 13982: 13977: 13972: 13967: 13962: 13957: 13952: 13947: 13942: 13937: 13932: 13927: 13922: 13920:Al-Shahrastani 13917: 13912: 13907: 13902: 13896: 13894: 13879: 13873: 13872: 13869: 13868: 13866: 13865: 13860: 13855: 13849: 13847: 13841: 13840: 13838: 13837: 13832: 13827: 13821: 13819: 13813: 13812: 13810: 13809: 13804: 13799: 13794: 13788: 13786: 13780: 13779: 13777: 13776: 13771: 13766: 13760: 13758: 13749: 13741: 13740: 13737: 13736: 13733: 13728: 13724: 13716: 13715: 13708: 13707: 13700: 13693: 13685: 13676: 13675: 13673: 13668: 13663: 13658: 13656:United Kingdom 13653: 13648: 13643: 13638: 13633: 13628: 13623: 13618: 13613: 13608: 13603: 13598: 13593: 13588: 13583: 13578: 13573: 13568: 13563: 13558: 13553: 13548: 13543: 13538: 13533: 13528: 13523: 13518: 13513: 13508: 13503: 13498: 13493: 13488: 13483: 13478: 13473: 13468: 13463: 13458: 13453: 13448: 13443: 13438: 13433: 13428: 13423: 13418: 13415: 13414: 13409: 13408: 13401: 13394: 13386: 13380: 13379: 13363:United Kingdom 13354: 13333: 13300: 13290:on 4 June 2022 13266: 13265:External links 13263: 13261: 13260: 13234:(2): 243–262. 13219: 13202: 13199: 13193: 13180: 13174: 13161: 13155: 13135: 13129: 13123:. SUNY Press. 13109: 13103: 13081: 13075: 13059: 13053: 13047:. Lit Verlag. 13040: 13034: 13028:. I.B.Tauris. 13021: 13015: 13002: 12996: 12980: 12974: 12960:Dabashi, Hamid 12955: 12954: 12948: 12934: 12932: 12929: 12927: 12926: 12912: 12899: 12893: 12880: 12874: 12858: 12852: 12832: 12826: 12810: 12804: 12788: 12782: 12770:Lewis, Bernard 12762: 12756: 12750:. Suny Press. 12743: 12737: 12719: 12713: 12696: 12678: 12672: 12651: 12649: 12646: 12643: 12642: 12587: 12522: 12486: 12460: 12433: 12400: 12378: 12355: 12335: 12314: 12288: 12270: 12244: 12213: 12206: 12186: 12134: 12080: 12020: 12005: 11952: 11930: 11908: 11882: 11838: 11823: 11780: 11754: 11741: 11722: 11715: 11697: 11684: 11671: 11649: 11631: 11624: 11604: 11597: 11571: 11549: 11532: 11517: 11499: 11469: 11439: 11432: 11414: 11404: 11386: 11360: 11350: 11332: 11325: 11307: 11281: 11244:10.2307/605981 11212: 11197: 11163:Upal, M. Afzal 11138: 11111:(2): 197–221. 11091: 11084: 11066: 11040: 11014: 11001: 10975: 10928: 10916: 10905:on 23 May 2022 10886: 10884:, p. 243. 10874: 10862: 10855: 10838: 10829: 10823:978-0778791423 10822: 10799: 10790:Eurasia Review 10777: 10760: 10736: 10719: 10707: 10686: 10674: 10665: 10658: 10638: 10619: 10605:"Introduction" 10595: 10580: 10578:, pp. 272–301. 10567: 10549: 10534: 10516: 10502: 10487: 10481:978-1138650817 10480: 10457: 10442: 10427: 10407: 10378: 10371: 10351: 10332: 10312: 10306:978-9987080939 10305: 10285: 10262: 10243: 10223: 10197: 10170: 10143: 10129:on 28 May 2010 10103: 10062: 10014: 10007: 9987: 9957: 9937: 9911: 9904: 9883: 9861: 9832: 9820: 9768: 9714: 9686: 9672:on 4 June 2011 9647: 9613: 9599: 9587: 9575: 9562: 9543: 9523: 9496: 9490:. p. 71. 9463: 9452: 9434: 9424: 9400: 9390: 9368: 9361: 9343: 9322: 9296: 9266: 9259: 9238: 9229: 9220: 9205: 9190: 9178: 9145: 9118: 9096: 9071: 9062: 9043: 9040:. p. 271. 9029: 9011: 8994: 8968: 8938: 8927: 8907: 8886:Gundrun Krämer 8870: 8859:on 28 May 2012 8844: 8827: 8802: 8786: 8773: 8764: 8755: 8746: 8737: 8707: 8676: 8669: 8648: 8619: 8609:978-1841622439 8608: 8588: 8582:978-0231700405 8581: 8561: 8512: 8498: 8459: 8433: 8427:978-0838910047 8426: 8406: 8400:978-0791417812 8399: 8379: 8361: 8346: 8339: 8314: 8302: 8281: 8255: 8233: 8215: 8206: 8197: 8185: 8173: 8143: 8130: 8124:978-1412839723 8123: 8100: 8074: 8048: 8026: 8002: 7972: 7960: 7934: 7908: 7901: 7870: 7858: 7843: 7825: 7813: 7801: 7662: 7650: 7633:English forums 7612: 7580: 7565: 7558: 7538: 7514: 7507: 7489: 7482: 7463: 7462: 7460: 7457: 7454: 7453: 7438: 7437: 7435: 7432: 7430: 7427: 7425: 7424: 7419: 7414: 7409: 7404: 7399: 7394: 7389: 7384: 7379: 7374: 7369: 7364: 7359: 7358: 7357: 7352: 7347: 7342: 7332: 7327: 7322: 7317: 7311: 7310: 7309: 7295: 7281: 7265: 7262: 7227:Ba'athist Iraq 7223:Saddam Hussein 7198:armies of the 7186:as killing 70 7155:Arab countries 7097:, the seventh 7059: 7056: 6956:Rassid dynasty 6948:Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī 6936:Banu Ukhaidhir 6925:Imams of Yemen 6869: 6866: 6836:In matters of 6833: 6830: 6818:Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī 6792:Ḥasan ibn ʿAlī 6784:any descendant 6775: 6772: 6702:Main article: 6699: 6692: 6663:Da'i al-Mutlaq 6627: 6624: 6621: 6620: 6619: 6618: 6610: 6609: 6608: 6602: 6594: 6593: 6592: 6586: 6578: 6577: 6576: 6570: 6569:(Guardianship) 6549: 6546: 6541:Da'i al-Mutlaq 6387:chain of Imams 6355:Main article: 6352: 6351:Ismāʿīlī Imams 6349: 6333:United Kingdom 6329:Western Europe 6272:Da'i al-Mutlaq 6217:his successors 6141:Main article: 6138: 6131: 6112:supported the 6040: 6037: 5995:, such as the 5969: 5968: 5960: 5954: 5948: 5940: 5932: 5920: 5912: 5896: 5895: 5887: 5879: 5871: 5863: 5797:Main article: 5794: 5791: 5722: 5719: 5718: 5717: 5706: 5695: 5662: 5659: 5658: 5657: 5649: 5637: 5629: 5621: 5596: 5593: 5526:Main article: 5523: 5520: 5496:, named after 5464:Main article: 5461: 5458: 5455: 5454: 5447: 5444: 5441: 5438: 5433: 5420: 5419: 5417: 5414: 5411: 5408: 5406:Islam in Qatar 5403: 5390: 5389: 5387: 5384: 5381: 5378: 5373: 5371:United Kingdom 5360: 5359: 5352: 5349: 5346: 5343: 5334: 5321: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5312: 5309: 5304: 5291: 5290: 5288: 5285: 5282: 5279: 5274: 5261: 5260: 5258:Nizari Ismaili 5254: 5251: 5248: 5245: 5240: 5227: 5226: 5224: 5221: 5216: 5211: 5206: 5193: 5192: 5177: 5174: 5171: 5168: 5163: 5150: 5149: 5147: 5144: 5141: 5138: 5133: 5120: 5119: 5108: 5105: 5102: 5101:<2,000,000 5099: 5094: 5081: 5080: 5078: 5076: 5073: 5070: 5065: 5052: 5051: 5048: 5045: 5042: 5039: 5034: 5021: 5020: 5013: 5010: 5007: 5004: 5002:Islam in Syria 4999: 4986: 4985: 4974: 4971: 4968: 4965: 4960: 4947: 4946: 4942: 4939: 4934: 4929: 4924: 4911: 4910: 4903: 4900: 4897: 4894: 4889: 4876: 4875: 4868: 4865: 4862: 4859: 4854: 4841: 4840: 4838: 4835: 4832: 4829: 4824: 4811: 4810: 4808: 4805: 4800: 4795: 4790: 4777: 4776: 4773: 4770: 4767: 4764: 4759: 4746: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4735: 4730: 4725: 4712: 4711: 4708: 4705: 4702: 4699: 4696: 4675: 4672: 4638:A significant 4472:Main article: 4469: 4466: 4465: 4464: 4450: 4443: 4441: 4427: 4420: 4418: 4408: 4401: 4366: 4365: 4334: 4319: 4306: 4235:Safavid Empire 4212: 4211:Safavid Empire 4209: 4208: 4207: 4206: 4205: 4163: 4099:, named after 4089: 4086: 4066: 4065: 4062:Southern India 4058:Deccan Plateau 4051: 4046:; his brother 4044:state religion 3986: 3972: 3959: 3948:Eastern Arabia 3934: 3908:Main article: 3905: 3902: 3810: 3807: 3680:and sister of 3674:Fatima Masumeh 3565:Main article: 3562: 3556: 3514: 3513: 3504: 3503: 3495: 3494: 3493: 3492: 3491: 3413:Ḥasan ibn ‘Alī 3384:Husayn ibn Ali 3375: 3372: 3189: 3186: 3168:Main article: 3165: 3162: 3154:, stated in a 3152:ʿAlī Khameneʾī 3094: 3091: 3077:armies of the 3056:Tomb of Daniel 3014:in Najaf, the 2949:Main article: 2946: 2943: 2942: 2941: 2929: 2926:Laylat al-Qadr 2923: 2909: 2899: 2889: 2877:Rabi' al-awwal 2870: 2856: 2829: 2826:Eid al-Ghadeer 2823: 2811: 2794:Main article: 2791: 2788: 2728: 2725: 2716: 2713: 2711: 2708: 2675:, the ring of 2633: 2626: 2580: 2577: 2568:Da'i al-Mutlaq 2530:, such as the 2528:Shīʿa subsects 2486:—the promised 2440: 2433: 2417:الإنسان الكامل 2297:as well as to 2237:Main article: 2234: 2227: 2036: 2029: 1937: 1934: 1899: 1898: 1854: 1852: 1845: 1836:Main article: 1833: 1830: 1782:Al-Shahrastani 1570: 1567: 1461:أَهْل ٱلْبَيْت 1286: 1285: 1283: 1282: 1275: 1268: 1260: 1257: 1256: 1255: 1254: 1239: 1238: 1235: 1234: 1228: 1227: 1226: 1225: 1220: 1210: 1205: 1204: 1203: 1198: 1188: 1183: 1178: 1172: 1171: 1170: 1169: 1164: 1159: 1151: 1150: 1145: 1139: 1136:Related topics 1134: 1133: 1130: 1129: 1126: 1125: 1120: 1118:Social welfare 1115: 1110: 1109: 1108: 1098: 1093: 1088: 1083: 1078: 1073: 1068: 1063: 1058: 1053: 1048: 1043: 1038: 1033: 1028: 1023: 1018: 1013: 1012: 1011: 1006: 996: 995: 994: 984: 979: 974: 969: 964: 959: 954: 948: 939: 938: 935: 934: 931: 930: 925: 920: 915: 910: 904: 903: 896: 889: 881: 880: 875: 869: 864: 863: 860: 859: 856: 855: 847: 838: 837: 831: 823: 815: 806: 805: 785: 777: 774: 773: 768: 762: 761: 760: 757: 756: 753: 752: 747: 742: 736: 735: 730: 724: 719: 718: 715: 714: 711: 710: 708:Predestination 704: 703: 698: 692: 691: 689:Revealed Books 686: 680: 679: 669: 664: 663: 660: 659: 651: 650: 644: 643: 631: 630: 628: 627: 620: 613: 605: 602: 601: 588: 587: 584: 583: 581:Sayyida Nafisa 578: 573: 568: 563: 558: 556:Hakimah Khātūn 553: 548: 543: 538: 533: 528: 523: 518: 513: 508: 503: 497: 494: 493: 490: 489: 486: 485: 480: 475: 470: 465: 459: 454: 453: 450: 449: 446: 445: 440: 439: 438: 433: 428: 427: 426: 416: 411: 401: 400: 399: 398: 397: 392: 382: 381: 380: 375: 374: 373: 368: 363: 358: 353: 351:Hebtiahs Bohra 348: 347: 346: 321: 320: 319: 309: 308: 307: 302: 297: 286: 281: 280: 277: 276: 273: 272: 267: 262: 257: 252: 247: 242: 237: 232: 227: 221: 216: 215: 212: 211: 208: 207: 202: 197: 192: 187: 182: 177: 172: 166: 161: 160: 157: 156: 153: 152: 147: 142: 137: 132: 127: 122: 117: 116: 115: 110: 105: 95: 90: 85: 80: 74: 71: 70: 67: 66: 58: 57: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 23642: 23631: 23628: 23627: 23625: 23610: 23606: 23602: 23600: 23592: 23591: 23588: 23574: 23571: 23569: 23566: 23564: 23561: 23559: 23556: 23554: 23551: 23549: 23546: 23544: 23541: 23539: 23536: 23534: 23531: 23529: 23526: 23524: 23521: 23519: 23516: 23515: 23513: 23511: 23510:South America 23507: 23501: 23498: 23496: 23493: 23491: 23488: 23486: 23483: 23481: 23478: 23476: 23473: 23471: 23468: 23466: 23463: 23461: 23458: 23456: 23453: 23451: 23448: 23446: 23443: 23441: 23438: 23436: 23433: 23432: 23430: 23428: 23424: 23418: 23417:United States 23415: 23413: 23410: 23408: 23405: 23403: 23400: 23398: 23395: 23393: 23390: 23388: 23385: 23383: 23380: 23378: 23375: 23373: 23370: 23368: 23365: 23363: 23360: 23358: 23355: 23353: 23350: 23348: 23345: 23343: 23340: 23338: 23335: 23333: 23330: 23328: 23325: 23323: 23320: 23318: 23315: 23313: 23310: 23308: 23305: 23304: 23302: 23300: 23299:North America 23296: 23288: 23285: 23283: 23280: 23278: 23275: 23273: 23270: 23269: 23268: 23265: 23263: 23260: 23258: 23255: 23253: 23250: 23248: 23245: 23243: 23240: 23238: 23235: 23233: 23230: 23228: 23225: 23223: 23220: 23218: 23215: 23213: 23210: 23208: 23205: 23203: 23200: 23198: 23195: 23193: 23190: 23188: 23185: 23183: 23180: 23178: 23175: 23173: 23170: 23168: 23165: 23163: 23160: 23158: 23157:Liechtenstein 23155: 23153: 23150: 23148: 23145: 23143: 23140: 23138: 23135: 23133: 23130: 23128: 23125: 23123: 23120: 23118: 23115: 23113: 23110: 23108: 23105: 23103: 23100: 23098: 23095: 23093: 23090: 23088: 23085: 23083: 23080: 23078: 23075: 23073: 23070: 23068: 23065: 23063: 23060: 23058: 23055: 23053: 23050: 23049: 23047: 23045: 23041: 23035: 23032: 23030: 23027: 23025: 23022: 23020: 23017: 23015: 23012: 23010: 23007: 23005: 23002: 23000: 22997: 22995: 22992: 22990: 22987: 22985: 22982: 22980: 22977: 22975: 22972: 22970: 22967: 22965: 22962: 22960: 22957: 22955: 22952: 22950: 22947: 22945: 22942: 22940: 22937: 22935: 22932: 22930: 22927: 22925: 22922: 22920: 22917: 22915: 22912: 22910: 22907: 22905: 22902: 22900: 22897: 22893: 22890: 22888: 22885: 22884: 22883: 22880: 22878: 22875: 22873: 22870: 22868: 22865: 22863: 22860: 22858: 22855: 22853: 22850: 22848: 22845: 22843: 22840: 22838: 22835: 22833: 22830: 22828: 22825: 22823: 22820: 22818: 22815: 22813: 22810: 22808: 22805: 22803: 22800: 22798: 22795: 22793: 22790: 22788: 22785: 22783: 22780: 22778: 22775: 22774: 22772: 22770: 22766: 22760: 22757: 22755: 22752: 22750: 22747: 22745: 22742: 22740: 22737: 22735: 22732: 22730: 22727: 22725: 22722: 22720: 22717: 22715: 22712: 22710: 22707: 22705: 22702: 22700: 22697: 22695: 22692: 22690: 22687: 22685: 22682: 22680: 22677: 22675: 22672: 22670: 22667: 22665: 22662: 22660: 22657: 22655: 22652: 22650: 22647: 22645: 22642: 22640: 22637: 22635: 22632: 22630: 22627: 22625: 22622: 22620: 22617: 22615: 22612: 22610: 22609:Guinea-Bissau 22607: 22605: 22602: 22600: 22597: 22595: 22592: 22590: 22587: 22585: 22582: 22580: 22577: 22575: 22572: 22570: 22567: 22565: 22562: 22560: 22557: 22555: 22552: 22550: 22547: 22545: 22542: 22540: 22537: 22535: 22532: 22530: 22527: 22525: 22522: 22520: 22517: 22515: 22512: 22510: 22507: 22505: 22502: 22500: 22497: 22495: 22492: 22491: 22489: 22487: 22483: 22479: 22472: 22468: 22454: 22451: 22449: 22446: 22444: 22441: 22439: 22436: 22434: 22433:Organizations 22431: 22429: 22426: 22424: 22421: 22419: 22416: 22414: 22411: 22409: 22406: 22404: 22401: 22399: 22396: 22394: 22391: 22390: 22388: 22385: 22377: 22371: 22368: 22366: 22363: 22361: 22358: 22356: 22353: 22351: 22348: 22346: 22343: 22341: 22338: 22336: 22333: 22331: 22328: 22326: 22323: 22321: 22318: 22317: 22315: 22312: 22307: 22302: 22296: 22293: 22289: 22286: 22284: 22281: 22279: 22276: 22275: 22274: 22271: 22269: 22266: 22264: 22263:Vegetarianism 22261: 22259: 22256: 22254: 22251: 22249: 22246: 22244: 22241: 22239: 22236: 22234: 22231: 22229: 22226: 22224: 22221: 22219: 22216: 22214: 22211: 22209: 22208:Homosexuality 22206: 22204: 22201: 22199: 22196: 22194: 22191: 22187: 22184: 22182: 22179: 22177: 22174: 22172: 22169: 22168: 22167: 22164: 22162: 22159: 22157: 22154: 22152: 22149: 22145: 22142: 22140: 22137: 22135: 22132: 22131: 22130: 22127: 22123: 22120: 22118: 22115: 22113: 22110: 22109: 22108: 22104: 22101: 22099: 22096: 22094: 22091: 22090: 22088: 22085: 22078: 22072: 22069: 22067: 22064: 22062: 22059: 22055: 22052: 22051: 22050: 22047: 22045: 22042: 22040: 22037: 22035: 22032: 22030: 22029:Neurotheology 22027: 22025: 22022: 22020: 22017: 22015: 22012: 22010: 22007: 22005: 22002: 22000: 21997: 21996: 21994: 21992: 21986: 21980: 21977: 21975: 21972: 21970: 21967: 21965: 21962: 21960: 21957: 21955: 21952: 21950: 21947: 21945: 21942: 21940: 21937: 21935: 21932: 21931: 21929: 21927: 21923: 21915: 21912: 21910: 21907: 21905: 21902: 21901: 21900: 21897: 21895: 21892: 21890: 21887: 21885: 21882: 21880: 21877: 21875: 21872: 21870: 21867: 21865: 21862: 21858: 21855: 21853: 21850: 21848: 21845: 21843: 21840: 21839: 21838: 21835: 21831: 21828: 21826: 21823: 21821: 21818: 21817: 21816: 21813: 21811: 21808: 21806: 21803: 21801: 21798: 21796: 21793: 21791: 21788: 21786: 21783: 21781: 21778: 21776: 21773: 21771: 21768: 21764: 21761: 21759: 21756: 21754: 21751: 21750: 21749: 21746: 21744: 21741: 21739: 21736: 21734: 21731: 21729: 21726: 21724: 21723:Folk religion 21721: 21719: 21716: 21714: 21711: 21709: 21706: 21704: 21701: 21699: 21696: 21694: 21691: 21689: 21686: 21684: 21681: 21679: 21675: 21672: 21670: 21667: 21665: 21662: 21660: 21657: 21655: 21651: 21648: 21647: 21645: 21641: 21637: 21630: 21626: 21616: 21613: 21611: 21608: 21606: 21603: 21601: 21598: 21596: 21593: 21591: 21588: 21586: 21583: 21579: 21576: 21574: 21571: 21569: 21566: 21565: 21564: 21561: 21557: 21554: 21552: 21549: 21547: 21546:Imperial cult 21544: 21542: 21539: 21537: 21534: 21533: 21532: 21529: 21527: 21524: 21520: 21517: 21515: 21512: 21511: 21510: 21507: 21503: 21500: 21498: 21495: 21493: 21490: 21488: 21485: 21484: 21483: 21480: 21478: 21475: 21471: 21468: 21467: 21466: 21463: 21459: 21456: 21454: 21451: 21450: 21449: 21446: 21444: 21441: 21437: 21434: 21433: 21432: 21429: 21427: 21424: 21422: 21419: 21417: 21414: 21412: 21409: 21407: 21404: 21402: 21399: 21397: 21394: 21390: 21387: 21385: 21382: 21380: 21377: 21375: 21372: 21370: 21367: 21366: 21365: 21362: 21358: 21355: 21353: 21350: 21348: 21345: 21343: 21340: 21339: 21338: 21335: 21333: 21330: 21326: 21323: 21322: 21321: 21318: 21316: 21313: 21311: 21308: 21304: 21301: 21300: 21299: 21296: 21294: 21291: 21289: 21286: 21282: 21279: 21277: 21274: 21273: 21272: 21269: 21267: 21264: 21260: 21257: 21255: 21252: 21250: 21247: 21246: 21245: 21242: 21240: 21237: 21235: 21232: 21230: 21227: 21223: 21220: 21219: 21218: 21215: 21214: 21211: 21207: 21202: 21198: 21178: 21175: 21174: 21173: 21170: 21168: 21165: 21163: 21160: 21158: 21155: 21153: 21150: 21148: 21145: 21143: 21140: 21138: 21137:Discordianism 21135: 21133: 21132:Anthroposophy 21130: 21129: 21127: 21123: 21115: 21114: 21110: 21109: 21108: 21105: 21103: 21100: 21096: 21093: 21091: 21088: 21086: 21083: 21081: 21080:Mari religion 21078: 21076: 21073: 21071: 21068: 21066: 21063: 21062: 21061: 21058: 21056: 21053: 21051: 21048: 21046: 21043: 21041: 21038: 21036: 21033: 21031: 21028: 21026: 21023: 21021: 21018: 21014: 21011: 21010: 21009: 21006: 21002: 20999: 20997: 20994: 20993: 20992: 20989: 20985: 20982: 20980: 20977: 20976: 20975: 20972: 20970: 20967: 20963: 20960: 20959: 20957: 20956: 20954: 20952: 20946: 20940: 20937: 20935: 20932: 20930: 20927: 20923: 20920: 20918: 20917:Neo-Theosophy 20915: 20914: 20913: 20910: 20908: 20905: 20903: 20900: 20898: 20895: 20893: 20890: 20886: 20883: 20882: 20881: 20878: 20876: 20873: 20871: 20868: 20866: 20863: 20861: 20858: 20856: 20855:New Acropolis 20853: 20851: 20848: 20846: 20843: 20841: 20838: 20836: 20833: 20831: 20828: 20827: 20825: 20821: 20818: 20816: 20808: 20798: 20795: 20793: 20790: 20788: 20785: 20783: 20780: 20779: 20777: 20773: 20761: 20758: 20756: 20753: 20751: 20748: 20746: 20743: 20741: 20738: 20736: 20733: 20731: 20728: 20726: 20723: 20721: 20718: 20716: 20713: 20711: 20708: 20706: 20703: 20701: 20698: 20696: 20693: 20689: 20686: 20684: 20681: 20679: 20676: 20675: 20674: 20671: 20670: 20669: 20667: 20663: 20662: 20657: 20654: 20653: 20652: 20649: 20647: 20644: 20642: 20639: 20637: 20634: 20632: 20629: 20627: 20624: 20622: 20619: 20617: 20614: 20612: 20609: 20607: 20604: 20602: 20599: 20597: 20594: 20592: 20589: 20587: 20584: 20582: 20579: 20577: 20574: 20572: 20569: 20567: 20564: 20560: 20557: 20555: 20552: 20551: 20550: 20547: 20545: 20542: 20540: 20537: 20535: 20532: 20531: 20529: 20527: 20521: 20513: 20510: 20509: 20508: 20505: 20504: 20502: 20500:North African 20498: 20495: 20493: 20487: 20481: 20478: 20476: 20473: 20471: 20468: 20466: 20463: 20461: 20458: 20456: 20453: 20451: 20448: 20446: 20443: 20441: 20438: 20436: 20433: 20431: 20428: 20426: 20423: 20422: 20420: 20418: 20414: 20408: 20405: 20403: 20400: 20398: 20395: 20393: 20390: 20389: 20387: 20385: 20381: 20377: 20371: 20368: 20366: 20363: 20361: 20358: 20356: 20353: 20351: 20348: 20346: 20343: 20341: 20338: 20336: 20333: 20331: 20328: 20324: 20321: 20319: 20316: 20314: 20311: 20309: 20306: 20305: 20304: 20301: 20299: 20296: 20294: 20291: 20289: 20286: 20284: 20283:Kwakwakaʼwakw 20281: 20279: 20276: 20272: 20269: 20267: 20264: 20262: 20259: 20257: 20254: 20253: 20252: 20249: 20247: 20244: 20242: 20239: 20237: 20234: 20232: 20229: 20227: 20224: 20222: 20219: 20217: 20214: 20212: 20209: 20205: 20202: 20200: 20197: 20195: 20192: 20191: 20190: 20187: 20185: 20182: 20180: 20177: 20175: 20172: 20171: 20169: 20167: 20161: 20155: 20152: 20150: 20147: 20143: 20140: 20138: 20135: 20134: 20133: 20130: 20126: 20123: 20122: 20121: 20118: 20116: 20113: 20111: 20108: 20106: 20103: 20099: 20096: 20094: 20091: 20090: 20088: 20084: 20081: 20079: 20076: 20075: 20074: 20071: 20069: 20066: 20065: 20063: 20061: 20057: 20051: 20048: 20047: 20045: 20043: 20042:Austroasiatic 20039: 20031: 20028: 20026: 20023: 20022: 20021: 20018: 20014: 20013:Vattisen Yaly 20011: 20009: 20006: 20004: 20001: 20000: 19999: 19995: 19992: 19991: 19989: 19987: 19983: 19980: 19978: 19974: 19958: 19955: 19953: 19950: 19949: 19948: 19945: 19943: 19940: 19938: 19935: 19933: 19932:Kirat Mundhum 19930: 19928: 19925: 19921: 19918: 19916: 19913: 19912: 19911: 19908: 19906: 19903: 19901: 19898: 19897: 19895: 19891: 19885: 19884: 19880: 19878: 19875: 19871: 19868: 19867: 19866: 19863: 19859: 19856: 19854: 19851: 19849: 19845: 19841: 19838: 19837: 19836: 19833: 19831: 19828: 19827: 19825: 19823: 19819: 19813: 19812: 19808: 19806: 19803: 19801: 19798: 19796: 19793: 19791: 19788: 19786: 19783: 19781: 19778: 19774: 19771: 19769: 19766: 19764: 19761: 19759: 19756: 19754: 19751: 19749: 19746: 19744: 19741: 19739: 19736: 19735: 19734: 19731: 19727: 19724: 19722: 19719: 19717: 19714: 19712: 19709: 19707: 19704: 19702: 19699: 19697: 19694: 19692: 19689: 19687: 19684: 19683: 19682: 19679: 19678: 19676: 19674: 19670: 19667: 19665: 19661: 19651: 19648: 19646: 19643: 19641: 19638: 19636: 19633: 19631: 19628: 19627: 19625: 19623: 19619: 19613: 19610: 19608: 19605: 19603: 19600: 19599: 19597: 19595: 19591: 19585: 19582: 19580: 19577: 19575: 19572: 19568: 19567: 19563: 19562: 19561: 19558: 19557: 19555: 19553: 19549: 19541: 19538: 19536: 19533: 19532: 19531: 19528: 19524: 19521: 19519: 19516: 19515: 19514: 19511: 19509: 19506: 19504: 19501: 19499: 19496: 19494: 19491: 19490: 19488: 19486: 19482: 19479: 19477: 19473: 19470: 19468: 19464: 19450: 19447: 19445: 19442: 19440: 19437: 19436: 19434: 19430: 19424: 19421: 19419: 19416: 19414: 19411: 19409: 19406: 19405: 19403: 19401: 19397: 19391: 19388: 19386: 19383: 19381: 19378: 19377: 19375: 19373: 19369: 19366: 19364: 19360: 19350: 19347: 19345: 19342: 19340: 19337: 19335: 19332: 19330: 19327: 19325: 19322: 19320: 19317: 19316: 19314: 19310: 19304: 19303: 19299: 19297: 19294: 19292: 19291:Milah Abraham 19289: 19287: 19284: 19282: 19279: 19277: 19274: 19272: 19269: 19265: 19262: 19261: 19260: 19257: 19255: 19252: 19248: 19245: 19243: 19240: 19238: 19235: 19233: 19230: 19229: 19228: 19225: 19219: 19216: 19214: 19211: 19210: 19209: 19206: 19204: 19201: 19199: 19196: 19194: 19191: 19190: 19189: 19186: 19185: 19183: 19181: 19177: 19171: 19170: 19166: 19162: 19159: 19157: 19154: 19152: 19149: 19147: 19144: 19142: 19139: 19137: 19134: 19132: 19129: 19127: 19124: 19122: 19118: 19115: 19114: 19113: 19110: 19108: 19105: 19103: 19100: 19098: 19095: 19093: 19090: 19088: 19085: 19081: 19078: 19076: 19073: 19071: 19068: 19064: 19061: 19060: 19059: 19056: 19054: 19051: 19049: 19046: 19044: 19041: 19037: 19034: 19032: 19029: 19027: 19024: 19023: 19022: 19019: 19015: 19012: 19010: 19007: 19005: 19002: 19001: 19000: 18997: 18995: 18992: 18990: 18987: 18983: 18980: 18978: 18975: 18973: 18970: 18968: 18965: 18963: 18960: 18959: 18958: 18955: 18953: 18950: 18949: 18948: 18947:Protestantism 18945: 18941: 18938: 18936: 18932: 18929: 18928: 18927: 18924: 18920: 18917: 18915: 18912: 18911: 18910: 18907: 18905: 18902: 18898: 18895: 18894: 18893: 18890: 18886: 18883: 18881: 18878: 18877: 18876: 18873: 18872: 18870: 18868: 18864: 18858: 18857: 18853: 18851: 18848: 18846: 18843: 18841: 18838: 18836: 18833: 18831: 18828: 18826: 18823: 18821: 18818: 18812: 18809: 18808: 18807: 18804: 18800: 18797: 18796: 18795: 18792: 18791: 18790: 18787: 18786: 18784: 18782: 18778: 18775: 18773: 18769: 18766: 18764: 18760: 18756: 18752: 18747: 18743: 18739: 18732: 18727: 18725: 18720: 18718: 18713: 18712: 18709: 18697: 18689: 18687: 18677: 18676: 18673: 18659: 18656: 18654: 18651: 18649: 18646: 18644: 18641: 18639: 18636: 18634: 18631: 18629: 18626: 18624: 18621: 18617: 18614: 18613: 18612: 18609: 18605: 18602: 18600: 18599:Post-Islamism 18597: 18595: 18592: 18591: 18590: 18587: 18585: 18582: 18578: 18575: 18573: 18570: 18569: 18568: 18565: 18564: 18562: 18558: 18552: 18549: 18547: 18544: 18542: 18539: 18537: 18534: 18533: 18531: 18529: 18525: 18519: 18516: 18514: 18511: 18509: 18506: 18504: 18501: 18497: 18496:Protestantism 18494: 18492: 18489: 18488: 18487: 18484: 18483: 18481: 18479: 18475: 18471: 18461: 18457: 18443: 18440: 18438: 18437: 18433: 18431: 18428: 18424: 18421: 18420: 18419: 18416: 18414: 18411: 18409: 18406: 18404: 18401: 18399: 18396: 18394: 18391: 18390: 18388: 18384: 18378: 18375: 18373: 18370: 18368: 18365: 18363: 18360: 18359: 18357: 18355: 18351: 18345: 18342: 18340: 18339:Ophthalmology 18337: 18335: 18332: 18330: 18327: 18325: 18322: 18320: 18317: 18315: 18312: 18310: 18307: 18306: 18304: 18302: 18298: 18292: 18289: 18287: 18284: 18282: 18279: 18277: 18274: 18272: 18269: 18267: 18264: 18262: 18259: 18257: 18254: 18253: 18251: 18249: 18245: 18241: 18237: 18229: 18225: 18211: 18208: 18204: 18203: 18199: 18198: 18197: 18194: 18192: 18189: 18187: 18184: 18180: 18177: 18176: 18175: 18172: 18170: 18169: 18165: 18163: 18160: 18158: 18157: 18153: 18151: 18148: 18146: 18145: 18141: 18139: 18136: 18134: 18131: 18129: 18126: 18124: 18121: 18119: 18116: 18114: 18111: 18109: 18106: 18104: 18103: 18099: 18097: 18096: 18092: 18088: 18087:Death penalty 18085: 18083: 18080: 18078: 18075: 18074: 18073: 18070: 18068: 18065: 18063: 18062: 18058: 18057: 18055: 18053:Other aspects 18051: 18045: 18044: 18040: 18038: 18037: 18033: 18031: 18030: 18026: 18024: 18023: 18019: 18017: 18016: 18012: 18010: 18009: 18005: 18003: 18002: 17998: 17997: 17995: 17990: 17987: 17985: 17982: 17980: 17977: 17976: 17973: 17967: 17966: 17962: 17960: 17957: 17955: 17954: 17950: 17948: 17947: 17943: 17941: 17940: 17936: 17934: 17933: 17929: 17928: 17926: 17924: 17920: 17914: 17913: 17909: 17907: 17906: 17902: 17900: 17899: 17895: 17893: 17892: 17888: 17886: 17883: 17881: 17878: 17877: 17875: 17873: 17869: 17865: 17858: 17857:Jurisprudence 17855: 17853: 17850: 17849: 17845: 17841: 17831: 17828: 17826: 17823: 17821: 17818: 17816: 17813: 17811: 17808: 17806: 17805: 17801: 17799: 17796: 17794: 17791: 17789: 17786: 17784: 17781: 17779: 17776: 17774: 17771: 17769: 17766: 17764: 17761: 17759: 17756: 17754: 17751: 17749: 17746: 17744: 17741: 17739: 17736: 17734: 17731: 17730: 17728: 17723: 17720: 17718: 17715: 17714: 17711: 17705: 17702: 17700: 17697: 17693: 17690: 17689: 17688: 17685: 17683: 17680: 17678: 17675: 17671: 17668: 17664: 17661: 17660: 17659: 17656: 17654: 17651: 17649: 17646: 17644: 17641: 17640: 17639: 17636: 17634: 17631: 17629: 17626: 17622: 17618: 17614: 17610: 17607: 17606: 17605: 17602: 17601: 17599: 17597: 17596:Denominations 17593: 17587: 17586: 17582: 17580: 17577: 17575: 17572: 17570: 17567: 17565: 17562: 17561: 17559: 17557: 17553: 17545: 17542: 17540: 17537: 17535: 17532: 17530: 17527: 17525: 17522: 17520: 17517: 17515: 17512: 17510: 17509: 17505: 17504: 17503: 17500: 17498: 17495: 17493: 17492: 17488: 17486: 17485: 17481: 17479: 17476: 17474: 17471: 17469: 17466: 17464: 17461: 17459: 17456: 17455: 17453: 17448: 17445: 17443: 17440: 17439: 17436: 17430: 17429: 17425: 17423: 17422: 17418: 17416: 17415: 17411: 17409: 17408: 17404: 17402: 17401: 17397: 17396: 17394: 17392: 17388: 17382: 17381:Holiest sites 17379: 17377: 17376:Judgement Day 17374: 17372: 17371: 17367: 17365: 17362: 17360: 17357: 17355: 17352: 17348: 17345: 17344: 17343: 17340: 17338: 17337: 17333: 17329: 17326: 17325: 17324: 17321: 17320: 17318: 17316: 17312: 17308: 17304: 17303: 17297: 17292: 17285: 17280: 17278: 17273: 17271: 17266: 17265: 17262: 17242: 17239: 17237: 17234: 17232: 17229: 17227: 17224: 17222: 17219: 17216: 17212: 17211: 17208: 17198: 17195: 17193: 17190: 17188: 17185: 17183: 17180: 17178: 17175: 17173: 17170: 17169: 17167: 17165: 17164:Other beliefs 17161: 17155: 17152: 17148: 17145: 17143: 17139: 17138:Hilmi Tunahan 17136: 17134: 17130: 17127: 17126: 17125: 17122: 17121: 17119: 17117: 17113: 17105: 17101: 17099: 17096: 17094: 17091: 17089: 17088:Muhammad Asad 17086: 17084: 17081: 17080: 17079: 17076: 17075: 17073: 17071: 17067: 17059: 17055: 17051: 17048: 17047: 17046: 17043: 17039: 17035: 17032: 17031: 17030: 17027: 17023: 17019: 17015: 17012: 17011: 17010: 17007: 17003: 16999: 16998:Sabbatai Zevi 16996: 16995: 16994: 16991: 16988: 16984: 16981: 16979: 16976: 16974: 16971: 16970: 16969: 16966: 16965: 16963: 16961: 16957: 16954: 16952: 16944: 16932: 16929: 16927: 16924: 16923: 16922: 16919: 16915: 16912: 16910: 16907: 16906: 16905: 16902: 16900: 16897: 16895: 16892: 16891: 16889: 16887: 16883: 16874: 16873: 16871: 16866: 16865: 16863: 16856: 16855: 16853: 16850: 16848:Ali al-Aswarī 16847: 16846: 16844: 16841: 16834: 16833: 16831: 16830: 16828: 16823: 16822: 16821: 16818: 16812: 16809: 16806: 16805: 16804: 16801: 16798: 16797: 16795: 16794: 16792: 16789: 16784: 16780: 16774: 16770: 16766: 16763: 16761: 16757: 16754: 16752: 16748: 16745: 16743: 16739: 16735: 16732: 16731: 16729: 16727: 16723: 16720: 16717: 16710: 16706: 16694: 16691: 16690: 16688: 16686: 16683: 16681: 16678: 16675: 16670: 16669: 16668: 16665: 16660: 16659: 16657: 16655: 16652: 16648: 16645: 16644: 16643: 16640: 16635: 16634: 16632: 16627: 16626: 16625:Muʿāmmarīyya 16624: 16619: 16618: 16617: 16614: 16610: 16607: 16606: 16605: 16602: 16601: 16599: 16597: 16593: 16585: 16582: 16580: 16577: 16574: 16570: 16566: 16565: 16564: 16561: 16558: 16553: 16552: 16550: 16549: 16547: 16545: 16541: 16538: 16536: 16532: 16521: 16518: 16515: 16512: 16509: 16506: 16503: 16500: 16497: 16494: 16491: 16488: 16486: 16483: 16481: 16478: 16477: 16475: 16471: 16462: 16461: 16459: 16454: 16453: 16451: 16446: 16445: 16443: 16438: 16437: 16435: 16430: 16429: 16427: 16422: 16421: 16419: 16414: 16413: 16411: 16406: 16405: 16403: 16398: 16397: 16395: 16394: 16392: 16388: 16379: 16376: 16373: 16370: 16367: 16364: 16361: 16358: 16355: 16352: 16349: 16346: 16343: 16340: 16337: 16334: 16333: 16331: 16330: 16328: 16326: 16322: 16319: 16316: 16310: 16303: 16299: 16289: 16286: 16282: 16279: 16278: 16277: 16274: 16272: 16268: 16265: 16263: 16260: 16258: 16255: 16254: 16252: 16250: 16246: 16238: 16234: 16231: 16229: 16226: 16225: 16224: 16221: 16217: 16214: 16213: 16212: 16209: 16204: 16203: 16201: 16197: 16194: 16193: 16192: 16189: 16184: 16181: 16178: 16177: 16175: 16174: 16172: 16170: 16166: 16163: 16160: 16155: 16151: 16141: 16140:Waqifite Shia 16138: 16133: 16132: 16131: 16128: 16124: 16120: 16117: 16116: 16115: 16112: 16108: 16104: 16101: 16100: 16099: 16096: 16094: 16091: 16090: 16088: 16086: 16081: 16073: 16070: 16066: 16065:Ishaq al-Turk 16063: 16059: 16056: 16052: 16049: 16047: 16044: 16043: 16042: 16039: 16038: 16037: 16034: 16030: 16027: 16026: 16025: 16022: 16021: 16019: 16018: 16017: 16014: 16007: 16006: 16004: 15999: 15994: 15992: 15989: 15988: 15986: 15983: 15982: 15980: 15979: 15978: 15974: 15971: 15967: 15964: 15963: 15962: 15959: 15958: 15956: 15954: 15948: 15940: 15936: 15933: 15931: 15927: 15923: 15920: 15918: 15914: 15911: 15910: 15909: 15906: 15902: 15899: 15895: 15892: 15888: 15885: 15881: 15878: 15876: 15873: 15871: 15868: 15867: 15866: 15863: 15862: 15861: 15858: 15857: 15856: 15853: 15849: 15845: 15841: 15837: 15834: 15832: 15828: 15824: 15823:Hamdan Qarmat 15821: 15820: 15819: 15816: 15812: 15809: 15808: 15807: 15804: 15803: 15801: 15799: 15795: 15791: 15783: 15779: 15776: 15774: 15770: 15767: 15766: 15765: 15762: 15758: 15754: 15750: 15746: 15743: 15741: 15737: 15733: 15730: 15729: 15728: 15725: 15721: 15720:Safavid Islam 15717: 15713: 15709: 15705: 15704:Sheikh Haydar 15702: 15701: 15700: 15697: 15693: 15690: 15686: 15683: 15681: 15678: 15677: 15676: 15673: 15672: 15671: 15668: 15667: 15665: 15663: 15659: 15655: 15652: 15650: 15646: 15642: 15638: 15634: 15630: 15618: 15615: 15613: 15610: 15609: 15608: 15605: 15601: 15598: 15596: 15593: 15589: 15586: 15585: 15584: 15581: 15579: 15576: 15574: 15571: 15569: 15566: 15565: 15564: 15561: 15560: 15558: 15556: 15552: 15549: 15547: 15543: 15529: 15525: 15522: 15520: 15516: 15512: 15509: 15507: 15503: 15499: 15496: 15495: 15494: 15491: 15490: 15489: 15486: 15480: 15476: 15473: 15472: 15471: 15468: 15466: 15463: 15462: 15461: 15458: 15457: 15455: 15452: 15447: 15443: 15435: 15432: 15430: 15427: 15423: 15420: 15416: 15413: 15411: 15408: 15406: 15403: 15402: 15401: 15398: 15394: 15391: 15389: 15386: 15384: 15381: 15379: 15376: 15375: 15374: 15371: 15367: 15363: 15360: 15359: 15358: 15355: 15354: 15353: 15350: 15348: 15345: 15344: 15343: 15340: 15336: 15333: 15331: 15328: 15326: 15323: 15322: 15321: 15318: 15314: 15311: 15310: 15308: 15307: 15305: 15302: 15297: 15296:Ahl al-Hadith 15293: 15290: 15288: 15284: 15280: 15276: 15271: 15267: 15253: 15250: 15248: 15245: 15244: 15241: 15231: 15230: 15226: 15222: 15220: 15219: 15215: 15211: 15209: 15208: 15204: 15200: 15198: 15197: 15193: 15192: 15190: 15186: 15180: 15179: 15175: 15173: 15170: 15168: 15167: 15163: 15161: 15160: 15156: 15154: 15153: 15149: 15147: 15146: 15142: 15141: 15139: 15137: 15133: 15127: 15126: 15122: 15120: 15119: 15115: 15113: 15112: 15108: 15106: 15105: 15101: 15099: 15098: 15094: 15092: 15091: 15087: 15085: 15084: 15080: 15078: 15077: 15073: 15071: 15070: 15066: 15064: 15063: 15059: 15057: 15056: 15052: 15050: 15049: 15045: 15043: 15042: 15038: 15037: 15035: 15033: 15029: 15026: 15022: 15012: 15009: 15007: 15004: 15002: 14999: 14997: 14994: 14992: 14989: 14988: 14986: 14984: 14983:Zaydi Shi'ism 14980: 14974: 14971: 14969: 14966: 14964: 14961: 14959: 14956: 14952: 14949: 14948: 14947: 14944: 14942: 14939: 14937: 14934: 14932: 14929: 14927: 14924: 14922: 14919: 14918: 14916: 14914: 14910: 14902: 14899: 14898: 14897: 14894: 14892: 14889: 14887: 14884: 14882: 14879: 14877: 14874: 14872: 14869: 14867: 14864: 14862: 14859: 14857: 14854: 14852: 14849: 14847: 14844: 14840: 14837: 14835: 14832: 14830: 14827: 14825: 14822: 14820: 14817: 14815: 14814:Musa al-Kazim 14812: 14810: 14807: 14805: 14802: 14800: 14799:Ali al-Sajjad 14797: 14795: 14792: 14790: 14789:Hasan ibn Ali 14787: 14785: 14782: 14781: 14780: 14777: 14776: 14774: 14772: 14768: 14760:Post-Salafism 14759: 14758: 14757: 14754: 14750: 14747: 14746: 14745: 14742: 14738: 14735: 14734: 14733: 14730: 14728: 14725: 14721: 14718: 14717: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14706: 14703: 14699: 14696: 14695: 14694: 14691: 14687: 14684: 14683: 14682: 14679: 14677: 14674: 14672: 14669: 14667: 14664: 14662: 14659: 14657: 14654: 14652: 14649: 14647: 14644: 14640: 14637: 14636: 14635: 14632: 14630: 14627: 14625: 14624:Ibn Taymiyyah 14622: 14621: 14619: 14617: 14613: 14605:Mustadrakīyya 14604: 14601: 14598: 14595: 14594: 14592: 14591: 14589: 14587: 14583: 14576: 14574: 14571: 14569: 14566: 14564: 14563:Amr ibn Ubayd 14561: 14559: 14556: 14552: 14549: 14548: 14547: 14544: 14541: 14538: 14535: 14532: 14529: 14526: 14523: 14520: 14517: 14514: 14511: 14508: 14505: 14504: 14502: 14499: 14494: 14490: 14483: 14479: 14475: 14471: 14467: 14466: 14464: 14462: 14458: 14451: 14447: 14444: 14440: 14437: 14434: 14432: 14429: 14428: 14426: 14422: 14418: 14415: 14411: 14408: 14407: 14405: 14403: 14399: 14388: 14387: 14386: 14383: 14382: 14381: 14378: 14374: 14371: 14370: 14369: 14366: 14365: 14363: 14361: 14357: 14351: 14348: 14346: 14343: 14341: 14338: 14336: 14333: 14331: 14328: 14326: 14323: 14321: 14318: 14316: 14313: 14311: 14308: 14306: 14303: 14301: 14298: 14296: 14293: 14291: 14288: 14286: 14283: 14281: 14278: 14276: 14273: 14271: 14268: 14266: 14263: 14261: 14258: 14256: 14253: 14251: 14248: 14246: 14243: 14241: 14238: 14236: 14233: 14231: 14228: 14226: 14223: 14221: 14218: 14216: 14213: 14211: 14208: 14206: 14203: 14201: 14198: 14196: 14193: 14192: 14190: 14187: 14182: 14178: 14171: 14167: 14164: 14161: 14157: 14154: 14151: 14147: 14144: 14143: 14141: 14139: 14136: 14132: 14126: 14123: 14121: 14118: 14116: 14113: 14111: 14108: 14106: 14103: 14101: 14098: 14096: 14093: 14091: 14088: 14086: 14083: 14081: 14078: 14076: 14073: 14071: 14068: 14066: 14063: 14061: 14058: 14056: 14053: 14051: 14048: 14046: 14043: 14041: 14038: 14036: 14033: 14031: 14028: 14026: 14023: 14021: 14018: 14016: 14013: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14003: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13993: 13991: 13988: 13986: 13983: 13981: 13978: 13976: 13973: 13971: 13968: 13966: 13963: 13961: 13958: 13956: 13953: 13951: 13948: 13946: 13943: 13941: 13938: 13936: 13933: 13931: 13928: 13926: 13923: 13921: 13918: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13908: 13906: 13903: 13901: 13898: 13897: 13895: 13892: 13887: 13883: 13880: 13878: 13874: 13864: 13861: 13859: 13856: 13854: 13851: 13850: 13848: 13846: 13842: 13836: 13833: 13831: 13828: 13826: 13823: 13822: 13820: 13818: 13814: 13808: 13805: 13803: 13800: 13798: 13795: 13793: 13790: 13789: 13787: 13785: 13781: 13775: 13772: 13770: 13767: 13765: 13762: 13761: 13759: 13757: 13753: 13750: 13746: 13742: 13734: 13732: 13729: 13726: 13725: 13721: 13717: 13713: 13706: 13701: 13699: 13694: 13692: 13687: 13686: 13683: 13672: 13669: 13667: 13664: 13662: 13661:United States 13659: 13657: 13654: 13652: 13649: 13647: 13644: 13642: 13639: 13637: 13634: 13632: 13629: 13627: 13624: 13622: 13619: 13617: 13614: 13612: 13609: 13607: 13604: 13602: 13599: 13597: 13594: 13592: 13589: 13587: 13584: 13582: 13579: 13577: 13574: 13572: 13569: 13567: 13564: 13562: 13559: 13557: 13554: 13552: 13549: 13547: 13544: 13542: 13539: 13537: 13534: 13532: 13529: 13527: 13524: 13522: 13519: 13517: 13514: 13512: 13509: 13507: 13504: 13502: 13499: 13497: 13494: 13492: 13489: 13487: 13484: 13482: 13479: 13477: 13474: 13472: 13469: 13467: 13464: 13462: 13459: 13457: 13454: 13452: 13449: 13447: 13444: 13442: 13439: 13437: 13434: 13432: 13429: 13427: 13424: 13422: 13419: 13416: 13407: 13402: 13400: 13395: 13393: 13388: 13387: 13384: 13368: 13364: 13360: 13355: 13343: 13339: 13334: 13322: 13318: 13314: 13310: 13309:www.iis.ac.uk 13306: 13301: 13289: 13285: 13281: 13277: 13273: 13269: 13268: 13257: 13253: 13249: 13245: 13241: 13237: 13233: 13229: 13225: 13220: 13216: 13212: 13208: 13203: 13200: 13196: 13190: 13186: 13181: 13177: 13171: 13167: 13162: 13158: 13152: 13147: 13146: 13140: 13136: 13132: 13126: 13122: 13118: 13117:Hamid Dabashi 13114: 13110: 13106: 13100: 13096: 13092: 13091: 13086: 13082: 13078: 13072: 13068: 13064: 13063:Momen, Moojan 13060: 13056: 13050: 13046: 13041: 13037: 13031: 13027: 13022: 13018: 13012: 13008: 13003: 12999: 12993: 12989: 12985: 12981: 12977: 12971: 12967: 12966: 12961: 12957: 12956: 12951: 12945: 12941: 12936: 12935: 12923: 12919: 12915: 12909: 12905: 12900: 12896: 12890: 12886: 12885:Shiʻite Islam 12881: 12877: 12871: 12867: 12866:Shiʻite Islam 12863: 12859: 12855: 12849: 12845: 12841: 12837: 12833: 12829: 12823: 12819: 12815: 12811: 12807: 12801: 12797: 12793: 12789: 12785: 12779: 12775: 12771: 12767: 12763: 12759: 12753: 12749: 12744: 12740: 12734: 12730: 12729: 12724: 12723:Corbin, Henry 12720: 12716: 12710: 12707:. MacMillan. 12706: 12702: 12697: 12685: 12684: 12679: 12675: 12669: 12665: 12661: 12657: 12653: 12652: 12638: 12634: 12630: 12621: 12617: 12613: 12604: 12600: 12599: 12591: 12583: 12579: 12575: 12571: 12566: 12561: 12556: 12551: 12547: 12543: 12539: 12538: 12533: 12526: 12507: 12503: 12496: 12490: 12474: 12470: 12464: 12448: 12444: 12437: 12421: 12417: 12416: 12411: 12404: 12396: 12392: 12388: 12382: 12375: 12371: 12370: 12365: 12359: 12353: 12352:0-8160-6577-2 12349: 12345: 12339: 12332: 12328: 12324: 12318: 12302: 12298: 12292: 12284: 12280: 12274: 12258: 12254: 12248: 12232: 12228: 12224: 12217: 12209: 12203: 12199: 12198: 12190: 12171: 12167: 12163: 12159: 12155: 12148: 12141: 12139: 12130: 12126: 12121: 12116: 12112: 12108: 12104: 12100: 12099: 12094: 12087: 12085: 12076: 12072: 12067: 12062: 12058: 12054: 12050: 12046: 12042: 12041: 12036: 12029: 12027: 12025: 12016: 12012: 12008: 12002: 11997: 11992: 11988: 11984: 11980: 11976: 11972: 11968: 11961: 11959: 11957: 11948: 11944: 11940: 11934: 11926: 11922: 11918: 11912: 11896: 11892: 11886: 11870: 11866: 11862: 11858: 11857:The Islamists 11854: 11847: 11845: 11843: 11834: 11830: 11826: 11820: 11816: 11812: 11808: 11804: 11800: 11796: 11789: 11787: 11785: 11769:on 2 May 2006 11768: 11764: 11758: 11751: 11745: 11737: 11733: 11726: 11718: 11712: 11708: 11701: 11694: 11688: 11681: 11675: 11667: 11663: 11659: 11653: 11645: 11641: 11635: 11627: 11621: 11617: 11616: 11608: 11600: 11594: 11590: 11585: 11584: 11575: 11567: 11563: 11559: 11553: 11545: 11544: 11536: 11528: 11521: 11513: 11509: 11503: 11487: 11483: 11479: 11473: 11457: 11453: 11449: 11448:"About Yemen" 11443: 11435: 11429: 11425: 11418: 11411: 11407: 11401: 11397: 11390: 11374: 11370: 11364: 11357: 11353: 11347: 11343: 11336: 11328: 11322: 11318: 11311: 11295: 11291: 11285: 11277: 11273: 11269: 11265: 11261: 11257: 11253: 11249: 11245: 11241: 11237: 11233: 11229: 11228: 11223: 11216: 11208: 11204: 11200: 11194: 11189: 11184: 11180: 11176: 11172: 11168: 11164: 11160: 11153: 11151: 11149: 11147: 11145: 11143: 11134: 11130: 11126: 11122: 11118: 11114: 11110: 11106: 11102: 11095: 11087: 11081: 11077: 11070: 11054: 11050: 11044: 11028: 11024: 11018: 11011: 11005: 10989: 10985: 10979: 10971: 10967: 10963: 10959: 10955: 10951: 10947: 10943: 10939: 10932: 10925: 10920: 10904: 10900: 10896: 10890: 10883: 10878: 10872:, p. 64. 10871: 10866: 10858: 10852: 10848: 10842: 10833: 10825: 10819: 10815: 10814: 10806: 10804: 10795: 10791: 10787: 10781: 10774: 10770: 10764: 10753: 10746: 10740: 10733: 10729: 10723: 10717:, p. 237 10716: 10711: 10704: 10700: 10696: 10690: 10683: 10678: 10669: 10661: 10655: 10651: 10650: 10642: 10626: 10622: 10616: 10612: 10611: 10606: 10599: 10591: 10584: 10577: 10571: 10563: 10559: 10553: 10545: 10538: 10530: 10523: 10521: 10512: 10506: 10498: 10491: 10483: 10477: 10473: 10472: 10464: 10462: 10453: 10446: 10438: 10431: 10423: 10422: 10417: 10411: 10395: 10391: 10390: 10382: 10374: 10368: 10364: 10363: 10355: 10339: 10335: 10329: 10325: 10324: 10316: 10308: 10302: 10298: 10297: 10289: 10281: 10277: 10273: 10266: 10250: 10246: 10240: 10236: 10235: 10231:Leonard Leo. 10227: 10220: 10216: 10212: 10208: 10201: 10185: 10181: 10174: 10158: 10154: 10147: 10140: 10128: 10124: 10120: 10118: 10113: 10112:"Afghanistan" 10107: 10100: 10099: 10083: 10079: 10072: 10066: 10059: 10058: 10042: 10038: 10034: 10032: 10024: 10018: 10010: 10004: 10001:. Routledge. 10000: 9999: 9991: 9980: 9976: 9975: 9967: 9961: 9953: 9952: 9947: 9941: 9925: 9921: 9915: 9907: 9901: 9897: 9893: 9887: 9879: 9875: 9871: 9865: 9849: 9845: 9839: 9837: 9830:, p. 277 9829: 9824: 9805: 9801: 9794: 9793: 9785: 9783: 9781: 9779: 9777: 9775: 9773: 9765: 9753: 9749: 9748: 9743: 9737: 9735: 9733: 9731: 9729: 9727: 9725: 9723: 9721: 9719: 9711: 9700: 9696: 9690: 9683: 9671: 9667: 9663: 9662: 9657: 9651: 9644: 9632: 9628: 9622: 9620: 9618: 9609: 9603: 9596: 9591: 9585:, p. 123 9584: 9579: 9572: 9566: 9550: 9546: 9540: 9536: 9535: 9527: 9511: 9507: 9503: 9499: 9493: 9489: 9488:Facts On File 9485: 9481: 9477: 9470: 9468: 9460: 9455: 9449: 9445: 9438: 9431: 9427: 9421: 9417: 9413: 9412: 9404: 9397: 9393: 9387: 9383: 9379: 9372: 9364: 9358: 9354: 9347: 9339: 9335: 9334: 9330:Ansari, N.H. 9326: 9310: 9306: 9300: 9284: 9280: 9276: 9270: 9262: 9256: 9253:. Macmillan. 9252: 9245: 9243: 9233: 9224: 9216: 9209: 9203:, p. 174 9202: 9197: 9195: 9185: 9183: 9166: 9162: 9158: 9152: 9150: 9141: 9137: 9133: 9129: 9122: 9114: 9110: 9106: 9100: 9093: 9088: 9084: 9083: 9075: 9066: 9058: 9056: 9047: 9039: 9038:تهذیب التهذیب 9033: 9025: 9021: 9015: 9008: 9007:0-85229-663-0 9004: 8998: 8982: 8978: 8972: 8956: 8952: 8948: 8942: 8934: 8930: 8924: 8920: 8919: 8911: 8903: 8899: 8895: 8891: 8887: 8883: 8877: 8875: 8858: 8854: 8848: 8841: 8837: 8831: 8815: 8814: 8806: 8800: 8796: 8790: 8783: 8777: 8768: 8759: 8750: 8741: 8725: 8721: 8717: 8711: 8696: 8691: 8683: 8681: 8672: 8666: 8662: 8655: 8653: 8637: 8633: 8626: 8624: 8615: 8611: 8605: 8601: 8600: 8592: 8584: 8578: 8574: 8573: 8565: 8557: 8551: 8544: 8531: 8527: 8523: 8516: 8508: 8502: 8486: 8482: 8478: 8474: 8470: 8463: 8447: 8443: 8437: 8429: 8423: 8419: 8418: 8410: 8402: 8396: 8392: 8391: 8383: 8375: 8371: 8365: 8357: 8350: 8342: 8336: 8332: 8331:Kitab al-Kafi 8325: 8323: 8321: 8319: 8311: 8310:Shiʻite Islam 8306: 8299: 8295: 8291: 8285: 8269: 8265: 8259: 8253: 8249: 8245: 8244: 8237: 8229: 8225: 8219: 8210: 8201: 8195:, p. 155 8194: 8189: 8183: 8177: 8161: 8157: 8153: 8147: 8140: 8134: 8126: 8120: 8116: 8115: 8107: 8105: 8088: 8084: 8078: 8062: 8058: 8052: 8045: 8041: 8035: 8033: 8031: 8023: 8022:0-87779-044-2 8019: 8013: 8011: 8009: 8007: 7990: 7986: 7979: 7977: 7969: 7964: 7948: 7944: 7938: 7922: 7918: 7912: 7904: 7898: 7894: 7887: 7885: 7883: 7881: 7879: 7877: 7875: 7868:, p. 218 7867: 7862: 7854: 7850: 7846: 7840: 7836: 7829: 7822: 7817: 7810: 7805: 7798: 7796: 7792: 7791:disappearance 7788: 7787:Islamic texts 7784: 7780: 7776: 7772: 7768: 7764: 7760: 7754: 7750: 7746: 7742: 7738: 7734: 7730: 7726: 7722: 7718: 7713: 7708: 7704: 7700: 7697:(3). Oxford: 7696: 7692: 7691: 7686: 7679: 7677: 7675: 7673: 7671: 7669: 7667: 7659: 7654: 7638: 7634: 7630: 7628: 7624: 7616: 7609: 7605: 7601: 7597: 7593: 7589: 7584: 7576: 7569: 7561: 7555: 7551: 7550: 7542: 7535: 7534:0-85229-663-0 7531: 7525: 7523: 7521: 7519: 7510: 7504: 7500: 7493: 7485: 7479: 7475: 7468: 7464: 7449: 7443: 7439: 7423: 7420: 7418: 7415: 7413: 7410: 7408: 7405: 7403: 7400: 7398: 7395: 7393: 7392:Shia crescent 7390: 7388: 7385: 7383: 7380: 7378: 7375: 7373: 7370: 7368: 7365: 7363: 7360: 7356: 7353: 7351: 7348: 7346: 7343: 7341: 7338: 7337: 7336: 7333: 7331: 7328: 7326: 7323: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7312: 7307: 7301: 7296: 7293: 7282: 7279: 7273: 7268: 7261: 7259: 7255: 7251: 7247: 7243: 7242:Islamic State 7238: 7236: 7232: 7228: 7224: 7219: 7217: 7213: 7209: 7205: 7201: 7197: 7193: 7189: 7185: 7181: 7177: 7173: 7169: 7166: 7163: 7160:In 1514, the 7158: 7156: 7152: 7148: 7144: 7140: 7134: 7132: 7128: 7124: 7120: 7116: 7108: 7104: 7100: 7096: 7095:Musa al-Kazim 7092: 7088: 7084: 7080: 7075: 7069: 7065: 7055: 7053: 7050: 7047: 7043: 7040: 7036: 7032: 7028: 7024: 7020: 7016: 7012: 7008: 7004: 7000: 6996: 6991: 6989: 6985: 6981: 6977: 6973: 6969: 6968:Arab Cold War 6965: 6961: 6957: 6953: 6949: 6945: 6941: 6937: 6933: 6928: 6926: 6921: 6917: 6913: 6909: 6905: 6901: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6879: 6875: 6865: 6863: 6859: 6855: 6847: 6843: 6839: 6832:Jurisprudence 6829: 6827: 6823: 6819: 6815: 6814: 6808: 6803: 6801: 6797: 6793: 6789: 6785: 6781: 6780:Zayd ibn ʿAlī 6771: 6769: 6765: 6764:Zaydī Wāsiṭīs 6761: 6757: 6756:Zayd ibn ʿAlī 6753: 6752:Zaydī Shīʿism 6749: 6745: 6738: 6734: 6729: 6722: 6718: 6714: 6710: 6705: 6697: 6691: 6689: 6685: 6681: 6680:Dawudi Bohras 6677: 6673: 6669: 6665: 6664: 6659: 6658:Queen consort 6655: 6651: 6647: 6646: 6640: 6638: 6633: 6616: 6613: 6612: 6606: 6603: 6600: 6597: 6596: 6590: 6587: 6584: 6581: 6580: 6574: 6571: 6568: 6565: 6564: 6562: 6559: 6557: 6556: 6555:seven pillars 6545: 6543: 6542: 6537: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6521: 6517: 6516:Dawudi Bohras 6513: 6509: 6505: 6500: 6498: 6494: 6490: 6486: 6482: 6478: 6473: 6471: 6467: 6464: 6460: 6457:, began with 6456: 6452: 6448: 6443: 6441: 6440: 6435: 6431: 6427: 6423: 6419: 6415: 6411: 6406: 6404: 6400: 6399: 6394: 6393: 6389:. The proof ( 6388: 6383: 6382:Mongol period 6379: 6375: 6371: 6367: 6364: 6358: 6348: 6346: 6345:North America 6342: 6338: 6334: 6330: 6326: 6322: 6318: 6314: 6310: 6306: 6302: 6298: 6294: 6290: 6286: 6282: 6278: 6274: 6273: 6268: 6267:Dawudi Bohras 6264: 6260: 6256: 6248: 6244: 6240: 6236: 6232: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6198: 6194: 6192: 6186: 6185: 6180: 6175: 6173: 6172:Mūsā al-Kāẓim 6169: 6165: 6161: 6157: 6153: 6149: 6144: 6136: 6130: 6129:of the time. 6128: 6127: 6122: 6118: 6115: 6111: 6107: 6103: 6099: 6095: 6094: 6089: 6085: 6081: 6077: 6076:Islamic state 6073: 6069: 6065: 6061: 6057: 6049: 6045: 6036: 6034: 6033: 6028: 6027: 6022: 6021: 6016: 6015: 6010: 6006: 6002: 5998: 5994: 5990: 5986: 5982: 5978: 5976: 5966: 5965: 5961: 5958: 5955: 5952: 5949: 5946: 5945: 5941: 5938: 5937: 5933: 5930: 5926: 5925: 5921: 5918: 5917: 5913: 5910: 5909: 5905: 5904: 5903: 5901: 5893: 5892: 5888: 5885: 5884: 5880: 5877: 5876: 5872: 5869: 5868: 5864: 5861: 5860: 5856: 5855: 5854: 5852: 5848: 5843: 5841: 5837: 5833: 5829: 5824: 5823: 5818: 5814: 5813: 5806: 5800: 5793:Jurisprudence 5790: 5788: 5784: 5780: 5776: 5775:divine decree 5772: 5768: 5764: 5760: 5756: 5750: 5746: 5742: 5736: 5732: 5728: 5716: 5712: 5711: 5707: 5705: 5701: 5700: 5699:Kitab al-Kafi 5696: 5693: 5689: 5688: 5684: 5683: 5682: 5680: 5676: 5672: 5668: 5655: 5654: 5650: 5647: 5643: 5642: 5638: 5635: 5634: 5630: 5627: 5626: 5622: 5619: 5615: 5614: 5610: 5609: 5608: 5606: 5602: 5592: 5590: 5586: 5582: 5578: 5574: 5570: 5566: 5562: 5558: 5554: 5550: 5546: 5542: 5538: 5534: 5529: 5519: 5517: 5516: 5511: 5507: 5503: 5499: 5495: 5491: 5487: 5483: 5477: 5473: 5467: 5452: 5437: 5436:Islam in Oman 5434: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5421: 5407: 5404: 5402: 5397: 5392: 5391: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5367: 5362: 5361: 5357: 5342: 5338: 5335: 5333: 5332:United States 5328: 5323: 5322: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5298: 5293: 5292: 5278: 5275: 5273: 5268: 5263: 5262: 5259: 5244: 5241: 5239: 5234: 5229: 5228: 5220: 5215: 5210: 5207: 5205: 5200: 5195: 5194: 5190: 5186: 5182: 5167: 5164: 5162: 5157: 5152: 5151: 5137: 5134: 5132: 5127: 5122: 5121: 5117: 5113: 5098: 5095: 5093: 5088: 5083: 5082: 5069: 5066: 5064: 5059: 5054: 5053: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5028: 5023: 5022: 5018: 5017:Alawites Shia 5003: 5000: 4998: 4993: 4988: 4987: 4983: 4979: 4964: 4961: 4959: 4954: 4949: 4948: 4938: 4933: 4928: 4925: 4923: 4918: 4913: 4912: 4908: 4893: 4890: 4888: 4883: 4878: 4877: 4873: 4858: 4855: 4853: 4848: 4843: 4842: 4828: 4825: 4823: 4818: 4813: 4812: 4804: 4799: 4794: 4791: 4789: 4784: 4779: 4778: 4763: 4760: 4758: 4753: 4748: 4747: 4739: 4734: 4729: 4728:Islam in Iran 4726: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4713: 4709: 4706: 4703: 4700: 4697: 4694: 4693: 4687: 4685: 4681: 4671: 4669: 4665: 4661: 4657: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4636: 4634: 4630: 4626: 4622: 4617: 4615: 4611: 4607: 4604: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4589: 4585: 4581: 4579: 4575: 4571: 4567: 4562: 4560: 4556: 4552: 4548: 4544: 4540: 4535: 4533: 4529: 4525: 4516: 4510: 4494: 4480: 4475: 4462: 4458: 4454: 4447: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4430: 4424: 4419: 4416: 4412: 4405: 4400: 4399: 4398: 4396: 4392: 4388: 4387: 4382: 4380: 4375: 4371: 4363: 4360: 4356: 4355: 4350: 4348: 4343: 4339: 4335: 4332: 4328: 4324: 4320: 4317: 4316: 4311: 4307: 4304: 4300: 4299: 4298: 4296: 4292: 4288: 4284: 4276: 4272: 4271:Ottoman Turks 4268: 4264: 4260: 4256: 4252: 4248: 4244: 4240: 4236: 4232: 4227: 4222: 4218: 4203: 4199: 4195: 4191: 4187: 4183: 4171: 4167: 4164: 4161: 4157: 4153: 4152: 4150: 4146: 4142: 4138: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4123: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4113:Islamic Cairo 4110: 4106: 4102: 4098: 4094: 4076:at its peak ( 4075: 4070: 4063: 4059: 4055: 4052: 4049: 4045: 4041: 4037: 4033: 4028: 4024: 4020: 4016: 4012: 4008: 4007:Mongol Empire 4004: 4000: 3997: 3994: 3990: 3987: 3984: 3980: 3976: 3973: 3970: 3967: 3963: 3960: 3957: 3953: 3949: 3945: 3942: 3938: 3935: 3932: 3928: 3924: 3921: 3920: 3919: 3917: 3911: 3901: 3899: 3895: 3891: 3887: 3883: 3879: 3878:Second Coming 3875: 3871: 3867: 3859: 3855: 3851: 3847: 3843: 3838: 3834: 3828: 3824: 3820: 3816: 3806: 3804: 3800: 3796: 3792: 3788: 3784: 3780: 3776: 3775:divine wisdom 3771: 3769: 3765: 3761: 3757: 3752: 3748: 3744: 3740: 3739:Taʿrikh Kabir 3736: 3732: 3728: 3724: 3720: 3716: 3713: 3709: 3705: 3701: 3700: 3691: 3687: 3683: 3679: 3678:Musa al-Kazim 3675: 3671: 3667: 3663: 3659: 3655: 3653: 3649: 3648:divine decree 3645: 3641: 3637: 3633: 3629: 3622: 3618: 3617:Islamic Cairo 3615:gate wall in 3614: 3609: 3602: 3598: 3595: 3591: 3587: 3583: 3579: 3578: 3573: 3568: 3561: 3555: 3553: 3552:Day of Ashura 3549: 3545: 3541: 3540: 3535: 3531: 3522: 3518: 3508: 3499: 3490: 3488: 3487: 3482: 3478: 3471: 3467: 3463: 3459: 3455: 3453: 3449: 3445: 3441: 3440: 3435: 3431: 3426: 3418: 3414: 3410: 3406: 3402: 3398: 3394: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3380:Hasan ibn Ali 3371: 3369: 3368: 3363: 3359: 3355: 3351: 3347: 3343: 3339: 3335: 3331: 3327: 3323: 3319: 3315: 3307: 3303: 3299: 3297: 3293: 3292: 3287: 3283: 3279: 3275: 3270: 3268: 3267: 3262: 3258: 3257: 3252: 3247: 3245: 3241: 3237: 3233: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3208: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3185: 3183: 3179: 3178: 3171: 3161: 3159: 3158: 3153: 3149: 3145: 3141: 3137: 3136: 3130: 3128: 3124: 3120: 3116: 3112: 3108: 3104: 3100: 3090: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3072: 3068: 3063: 3061: 3057: 3053: 3049: 3045: 3041: 3037: 3033: 3029: 3025: 3021: 3017: 3013: 3009: 3005: 3001: 2997: 2993: 2989: 2985: 2977: 2973: 2969: 2965: 2961: 2957: 2952: 2939: 2938: 2933: 2930: 2927: 2924: 2921: 2917: 2913: 2910: 2907: 2903: 2900: 2897: 2893: 2890: 2887: 2883: 2878: 2874: 2871: 2868: 2864: 2860: 2857: 2854: 2850: 2846: 2843:, brother of 2842: 2838: 2837:Day of Ashura 2834: 2830: 2827: 2824: 2821: 2820: 2815: 2812: 2810: 2806: 2803: 2802: 2801: 2797: 2787: 2785: 2781: 2780: 2775: 2774: 2769: 2768: 2763: 2762: 2757: 2750: 2746: 2742: 2738: 2733: 2724: 2722: 2719:According to 2707: 2705: 2701: 2697: 2693: 2689: 2684: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2668: 2666: 2665: 2664:Kitab al-Kafi 2660: 2656: 2652: 2651: 2646: 2642: 2639: 2631: 2628:Holy Relics ( 2625: 2623: 2619: 2618: 2613: 2609: 2605: 2601: 2597: 2593: 2589: 2587: 2576: 2574: 2573:Sunnī Muslims 2570: 2569: 2564: 2560: 2559:Dawoodi Bohra 2556: 2552: 2548: 2544: 2539: 2537: 2533: 2529: 2525: 2522:and to apply 2521: 2520:Islamic state 2517: 2513: 2509: 2505: 2501: 2493: 2490:according to 2489: 2485: 2481: 2477: 2473: 2469: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2450: 2446: 2438: 2435:Occultation ( 2432: 2429: 2423: 2414: 2410: 2406: 2402: 2398: 2393: 2387: 2378: 2373: 2367: 2358: 2353: 2347: 2338: 2334: 2329: 2327: 2323: 2319: 2315: 2312:According to 2310: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2296: 2292: 2288: 2284: 2280: 2276: 2275:infallibility 2270: 2264: 2258: 2249: 2245: 2240: 2232: 2226: 2222: 2213: 2209: 2208: 2201: 2192: 2188: 2187: 2180: 2171: 2167: 2166: 2161: 2157: 2152: 2150: 2146: 2140: 2131: 2127: 2121: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2092: 2088: 2087: 2078: 2074: 2073: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2046: 2041: 2034: 2028: 2026: 2022: 2021:Eid Al Ghadir 2017: 2011: 2002: 1998: 1994: 1990: 1986: 1978: 1974: 1970: 1966: 1962: 1958: 1953: 1947: 1943: 1933: 1931: 1927: 1924: 1920: 1919: 1914: 1910: 1906: 1895: 1892: 1884: 1874: 1869: 1865: 1861: 1860: 1853: 1844: 1843: 1839: 1829: 1827: 1823: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1779: 1775: 1771: 1767: 1763: 1758: 1752: 1750: 1746: 1740: 1716: 1712: 1706: 1670: 1666: 1660: 1639: 1635: 1631: 1625: 1600: 1596: 1588: 1583: 1577: 1566: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1540: 1536: 1532: 1528: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1504: 1500: 1499:Shia subsects 1495: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1477: 1473: 1467: 1458: 1454: 1453: 1448: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1422:and consider 1421: 1417: 1413: 1408: 1402: 1393: 1389: 1385: 1379: 1370: 1366: 1361: 1355: 1346: 1342: 1338: 1334: 1331: 1327: 1323: 1319: 1313: 1292: 1281: 1276: 1274: 1269: 1267: 1262: 1261: 1259: 1258: 1253: 1243: 1242: 1241: 1240: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1224: 1221: 1219: 1216: 1215: 1214: 1211: 1209: 1206: 1202: 1199: 1197: 1194: 1193: 1192: 1189: 1187: 1184: 1182: 1179: 1177: 1174: 1173: 1168: 1165: 1163: 1160: 1158: 1155: 1154: 1153: 1152: 1149: 1146: 1144: 1141: 1140: 1137: 1132: 1131: 1124: 1121: 1119: 1116: 1114: 1111: 1107: 1104: 1103: 1102: 1099: 1097: 1094: 1092: 1091:Proselytizing 1089: 1087: 1084: 1082: 1079: 1077: 1074: 1072: 1069: 1067: 1064: 1062: 1059: 1057: 1054: 1052: 1049: 1047: 1044: 1042: 1039: 1037: 1034: 1032: 1029: 1027: 1024: 1022: 1019: 1017: 1014: 1010: 1007: 1005: 1002: 1001: 1000: 999:Denominations 997: 993: 990: 989: 988: 985: 983: 980: 978: 975: 973: 970: 968: 965: 963: 960: 958: 955: 953: 950: 949: 946: 942: 937: 936: 929: 926: 924: 921: 919: 916: 914: 911: 909: 906: 905: 902: 901: 897: 895: 894: 890: 888: 887: 883: 882: 879: 876: 874: 871: 870: 867: 862: 861: 854: 852: 848: 846: 844: 840: 839: 835: 832: 830: 828: 824: 822: 820: 816: 814: 812: 808: 807: 803: 802: 797: 796: 791: 790: 786: 784: 783: 779: 778: 772: 769: 767: 764: 763: 759: 758: 751: 748: 746: 743: 741: 738: 737: 734: 731: 729: 726: 725: 722: 717: 716: 709: 706: 705: 702: 699: 697: 694: 693: 690: 687: 685: 682: 681: 678: 674: 671: 670: 667: 662: 661: 657: 653: 652: 649: 646: 645: 641: 637: 636: 626: 621: 619: 614: 612: 607: 606: 604: 603: 600: 595: 590: 589: 582: 579: 577: 574: 572: 569: 567: 564: 562: 559: 557: 554: 552: 549: 547: 544: 542: 539: 537: 534: 532: 529: 527: 524: 522: 519: 517: 514: 512: 509: 507: 504: 502: 499: 498: 492: 491: 484: 481: 479: 476: 474: 471: 469: 466: 464: 461: 460: 457: 452: 451: 444: 441: 437: 434: 432: 429: 425: 422: 421: 420: 417: 415: 412: 410: 407: 406: 405: 402: 396: 393: 391: 388: 387: 386: 383: 379: 376: 372: 369: 367: 364: 362: 359: 357: 354: 352: 349: 345: 342: 341: 340: 339:Dawoodi Bohra 337: 336: 335: 332: 331: 330: 327: 326: 325: 322: 318: 315: 314: 313: 310: 306: 303: 301: 298: 296: 293: 292: 291: 288: 287: 284: 279: 278: 271: 268: 266: 263: 261: 258: 256: 253: 251: 248: 246: 243: 241: 238: 236: 233: 231: 228: 226: 223: 222: 219: 214: 213: 206: 203: 201: 198: 196: 195:Eid al-Ghadir 193: 191: 188: 186: 183: 181: 178: 176: 173: 171: 168: 167: 164: 159: 158: 151: 148: 146: 143: 141: 138: 136: 133: 131: 128: 126: 123: 121: 118: 114: 111: 109: 106: 104: 101: 100: 99: 96: 94: 91: 89: 86: 84: 81: 79: 76: 75: 69: 68: 64: 60: 59: 55: 47: 41: 40: 37: 33: 19: 23014:Turkmenistan 22974:Saudi Arabia 22719:South Africa 22709:Sierra Leone 22514:Burkina Faso 22423:Names of God 22370:Unaffiliated 22325:Antireligion 22186:Universalism 22134:Assimilation 21999:Anthropology 21874:Supernatural 21869:Spirituality 21837:Sacred space 21825:Purification 21698:Denomination 21652: / 21482:Paleo-Balkan 21448:Mesopotamian 21288:Cook Islands 21259:Old Prussian 21172:UFO religion 21111: 21107:Zalmoxianism 21035:Neoshamanism 20892:Spiritualism 20775:Other ethnic 20664: 20490:Traditional 20450:Bongthingism 20303:Mesoamerican 20060:Austronesian 19881: 19877:Neo-Buddhism 19809: 19805:Neo-Hinduism 19726:Swaminarayan 19564: 19513:Salvationist 19498:Confucianism 19349:Samaritanism 19319:Ali-Illahism 19300: 19226: 19167: 19161:Unitarianism 19102:Old Catholic 18909:Nestorianism 18867:Christianity 18854: 18820:Conservative 18611:Islamophobia 18486:Christianity 18434: 18367:Contemporary 18261:Architecture 18200: 18166: 18154: 18142: 18100: 18093: 18059: 18041: 18036:Nikah mut'ah 18034: 18027: 18020: 18013: 18006: 17999: 17963: 17951: 17944: 17937: 17930: 17910: 17903: 17896: 17889: 17802: 17637: 17583: 17507: 17489: 17482: 17426: 17419: 17412: 17405: 17398: 17391:Five Pillars 17368: 17334: 17323:God in Islam 17300: 17147:Other orders 17052: / 17045:Nur movement 17016: / 16973:Mirza Ghulam 16904:Tolu-e-Islam 16773:Galibi Order 16771: / 16756:Balım Sultan 16751:Babai revolt 16742:Qalandariyya 16740: / 16642:Mufaḍḍaliyya 16551:Jawārībīyya 16504:Umar ibn Zar 16473:Other Murjīs 16202:Bayhasīyyah 16119:Nuqta-yi Ula 15935:Pir Sadardin 15928: / 15842: / 15838: / 15755: / 15747: / 15734: / 15714: / 15710: / 15706: / 15563:Zayd ibn Ali 15545: 15513: / 15500: / 15451:Ilm al-Kalam 15364: / 15357:Ahl-i Hadith 15225:Umm al-kitab 15223: 15212: 15201: 15194: 15176: 15171: 15164: 15157: 15150: 15143: 15123: 15116: 15111:Fihi Ma Fihi 15109: 15102: 15095: 15088: 15081: 15074: 15067: 15060: 15053: 15046: 15039: 14779:Twelve Imams 14698:Ahl-i Hadith 14629:Ibnul Qayyim 14509:(Nazzāmīyya) 13990:Ibn al-Jawzi 13930:Al-Taftazani 13905:Al-Baqillani 13621:South Africa 13606:Sierra Leone 13596:Saudi Arabia 13481:Burkina Faso 13371:. Retrieved 13346:. Retrieved 13342:Al-Islam.org 13341: 13325:. Retrieved 13321:the original 13308: 13292:. Retrieved 13288:the original 13275: 13231: 13227: 13214: 13210: 13184: 13165: 13144: 13120: 13089: 13066: 13044: 13025: 13006: 12987: 12964: 12939: 12903: 12884: 12865: 12843: 12817: 12795: 12792:Lapidus, Ira 12773: 12747: 12727: 12704: 12700: 12690:11 September 12688:. Retrieved 12682: 12659: 12632: 12619: 12615: 12597: 12590: 12541: 12535: 12525: 12513:. Retrieved 12501: 12489: 12477:. Retrieved 12463: 12451:. Retrieved 12449:. London, UK 12447:The Guardian 12446: 12436: 12424:. Retrieved 12413: 12403: 12395:the original 12381: 12367: 12363: 12358: 12343: 12338: 12322: 12317: 12305:. Retrieved 12301:the original 12291: 12283:the original 12273: 12261:. Retrieved 12257:the original 12247: 12235:. Retrieved 12226: 12216: 12196: 12189: 12179:13 September 12177:. Retrieved 12157: 12153: 12102: 12096: 12048: 12044: 12038: 11974: 11942: 11933: 11920: 11911: 11899:. 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Retrieved 9283:the original 9278: 9269: 9250: 9232: 9223: 9214: 9208: 9169:. Retrieved 9165:the original 9160: 9131: 9128:Ahl al-BMatt 9127: 9121: 9109:Al-Islam.org 9108: 9099: 9090: 9087:the original 9081: 9074: 9065: 9052: 9046: 9037: 9032: 9014: 8997: 8985:. Retrieved 8980: 8971: 8959:. Retrieved 8950: 8941: 8917: 8910: 8893: 8890:Ghadīr Khumm 8889: 8861:. Retrieved 8857:the original 8847: 8830: 8818:. Retrieved 8812: 8805: 8789: 8781: 8776: 8767: 8758: 8749: 8740: 8728:. Retrieved 8719: 8710: 8699:, retrieved 8694: 8660: 8640:, retrieved 8635: 8614:the original 8598: 8591: 8571: 8564: 8541: 8534:. Retrieved 8525: 8515: 8501: 8489:. Retrieved 8472: 8462: 8450:. Retrieved 8436: 8416: 8409: 8389: 8382: 8364: 8355: 8349: 8330: 8309: 8305: 8284: 8272:. Retrieved 8258: 8241: 8236: 8228:the original 8218: 8209: 8200: 8188: 8176: 8164:. Retrieved 8155: 8146: 8138: 8133: 8113: 8091:. Retrieved 8086: 8077: 8065:. Retrieved 8051: 7993:. Retrieved 7970:, p. 15 7963: 7951:. Retrieved 7937: 7925:. Retrieved 7911: 7892: 7866:Cornell 2007 7861: 7834: 7828: 7823:, p. 98 7816: 7811:, p. 97 7804: 7756: 7694: 7688: 7660:, p. 34 7653: 7641:. Retrieved 7632: 7626: 7622: 7615: 7607: 7603: 7599: 7595: 7591: 7587: 7583: 7573:Wehr, Hans. 7568: 7548: 7541: 7498: 7492: 7473: 7467: 7442: 7407:Shia nations 7320:Anti-Shi'ism 7292:Islam portal 7239: 7220: 7206:(1727–1818) 7159: 7135: 7112: 7083:Shāh Cherāgh 7030: 7006: 7002: 6992: 6988:Saudi Arabia 6963: 6929: 6886:) were Arab 6871: 6861: 6850:مجموع الفِقه 6842:Majmu'l Fiqh 6841: 6835: 6811: 6804: 6787: 6777: 6763: 6759: 6751: 6747: 6742: 6695: 6688:Alavi Bohras 6675: 6661: 6643: 6641: 6629: 6607:(Pilgrimage) 6553: 6551: 6539: 6535: 6524:Alavi Bohras 6501: 6495:, where the 6474: 6463:monotheistic 6444: 6437: 6433: 6407: 6396: 6395:) and gate ( 6390: 6377: 6360: 6321:South Africa 6293:Saudi Arabia 6270: 6258: 6252: 6228: 6220: 6212: 6204: 6188: 6182: 6176: 6151: 6146: 6134: 6124: 6123:, the Usuli 6114:Persian king 6106:Qajar Empire 6091: 6042: 6030: 6024: 6018: 6012: 6008: 5974: 5970: 5962: 5942: 5934: 5922: 5914: 5906: 5899: 5897: 5889: 5881: 5873: 5865: 5857: 5850: 5844: 5820: 5810: 5808: 5778: 5766: 5752: 5708: 5697: 5685: 5665:Besides the 5664: 5651: 5645: 5639: 5631: 5623: 5611: 5604: 5598: 5560: 5556: 5548: 5544: 5540: 5536: 5532: 5531: 5513: 5479: 5218: 5213: 5063:Saudi Arabia 4984:minorities. 4936: 4931: 4802: 4797: 4737: 4732: 4683: 4677: 4660:South Africa 4637: 4621:West Sumatra 4618: 4584:Saudi Arabia 4582: 4563: 4539:Muslim world 4536: 4521: 4468:Demographics 4390: 4384: 4378: 4373: 4367: 4352: 4346: 4313: 4295:Muslim world 4280: 4188:and then of 4186:North Africa 4129:North Africa 4036:Christianity 4027:Central Asia 4011:Genghis Khan 3913: 3889: 3863: 3858:Genghis Khan 3794: 3786: 3778: 3772: 3750: 3745:report that 3743:Kanzuʿl-Umma 3742: 3738: 3735:Abu Hurairah 3730: 3726: 3697: 3695: 3651: 3625: 3612: 3589: 3575: 3559: 3543: 3537: 3527: 3484: 3475: 3461: 3437: 3422: 3365: 3333: 3311: 3289: 3271: 3264: 3260: 3254: 3251:Ghadir Khumm 3248: 3229: 3216:Ghadir Khumm 3175: 3173: 3155: 3133: 3131: 3110: 3106: 3096: 3087:Anti-Shi'ism 3082: 3065:Most of the 3064: 3044:Sahla Mosque 2981: 2935: 2817: 2799: 2777: 2771: 2765: 2759: 2756:Muslims pray 2753: 2718: 2703: 2700:Ali al-Ridha 2687: 2685: 2669: 2662: 2648: 2643:, including 2635: 2629: 2615: 2585: 2582: 2566: 2540: 2532:Zaydī Shīʿas 2524:Islamic laws 2497: 2436: 2330: 2311: 2306: 2303:Zaydī Shīʿas 2282: 2281:, possessed 2243: 2242: 2230: 2205: 2184: 2163: 2159: 2153: 2144: 2134:علي ولي الله 2125: 2106: 2102: 2084: 2082: 2070: 2066:علي ولي الله 2060: 2032: 1982: 1964: 1963:over ʿAlī's 1930:Muslim world 1916: 1912: 1902: 1887: 1881:October 2022 1878: 1871:Please help 1867: 1856: 1785: 1769: 1753: 1714: 1710: 1668: 1664: 1637: 1633: 1629: 1594: 1572: 1519:Muslim world 1496: 1450: 1444: 1440:Shia Muslims 1439: 1435: 1317: 1290: 1289: 1208:Islamophobia 1008: 987:Demographics 982:Circumcision 898: 891: 884: 850: 842: 826: 818: 810: 799: 793: 787: 780: 526:Umm al-Banin 255:Second Fitna 135:Intercession 125:Judgment Day 53: 36: 23465:New Zealand 23402:Saint Lucia 23352:El Salvador 23257:Switzerland 23192:Netherlands 22964:Philippines 22892:South Korea 22887:North Korea 22777:Afghanistan 22724:South Sudan 22614:Ivory Coast 22398:Deification 22345:Objectivism 22320:Agnosticism 22278:Persecution 22268:Video games 22233:Populations 22144:Proselytism 22112:Monasticism 22103:Clericalism 22093:Agriculture 22084:and society 22049:Soteriology 22009:Comparative 21979:Transtheism 21964:Panentheism 21748:Monasticism 21541:Gallo-Roman 21465:Micronesian 21431:Manichaeism 21379:Hermeticism 21347:Continental 21342:Anglo-Saxon 21222:Paleolithic 21217:Prehistoric 21167:Scientology 21030:Italo-Roman 20885:Radha Soami 20865:New Thought 20705:Espiritismo 20646:Waaqeffanna 20586:Fon and Ewe 20524:Sub-Saharan 20407:Satsana Phi 20189:Californian 20179:Anishinaabe 20110:Karo Pemena 20089:Indonesian 19763:Lingayatism 19711:Mahanubhava 19681:Vaishnavism 19612:Jeungsanism 19535:Folk Taoism 19518:Xiantiandao 19372:Zoroastrian 19031:Charismatic 19026:Pentecostal 18989:Anglicanism 18940:Waldensians 18875:Catholicism 18386:Other areas 18377:Theological 18372:Eschatology 18329:Mathematics 18266:Calligraphy 18196:Theological 18150:Inheritance 18067:Cleanliness 17497:Shi'a Imams 17491:Ahl al-Bayt 17098:Rashid Rida 16946:Independent 16931:Edip Yüksel 16894:Ahle Qur'an 16845:Nazzāmīyya 16842:Ikhshīdiyya 16829:Huzaylīyya 16820:Bahshamiyya 16796:Mā’marīyya 16788:Rationalism 16738:Malamatiyya 16658:Mānsūrīyya 16604:Khaṭṭābiyya 16535:Mu'shabbiha 16495:Sābit Kutna 16428:Sawbānīyya 16412:Gassānīyya 16396:Gaylānīyya 16390:Other sects 16185:Sa'labīyyah 16182:Maymunīyyah 16159:Arbitration 16041:Khurramites 16005:Sam‘ānīyya 15778:Bābā Rexheb 15708:Shah Ismail 15528:Millî Görüş 15446:Ahl ar-Ra'y 15388:Al-Uthaymin 15309:Kullabiyya 15287:Sunni Islam 15188:Independent 15032:Sunni books 14856:Shaykh Tusi 14829:Ali al-Hadi 14819:Ali al-Rida 14756:Yasir Qadhi 14661:Al-Uthaymin 14651:Rashid Rida 14646:Al-Shawkani 14542:(Jāhizīyya) 14527:(Jubbāīyya) 14431:Jawālikīyya 14285:Ali al-Qari 14200:Al-Sarakhsi 14186:Al-Maturidi 14060:Al-Sha'rani 14040:Ibn Khaldun 13915:Al-Qushayri 13877:Theologians 13858:Metaphysics 13764:Eschatology 13731:Theologians 13571:Netherlands 13531:Ivory Coast 13501:El Salvador 13421:Afghanistan 12984:Halm, Heinz 12766:Holt, P. M. 12622:(3): 75–96. 12565:10871/37355 12548:: 706–734. 12453:24 December 12369:Gharbzadegi 12113:: 305–335. 10924:Bohdan 2020 10882:Bohdan 2020 10050:1 September 10033:on Pakistan 9930:17 November 9656:"Religions" 9637:10 December 9555:10 February 8820:28 December 8536:12 November 7773:. ʿAlī and 7705:: 599–623. 7387:Shia clergy 7250:territories 7123:persecution 7064:Anti-Shiism 7007:Ansar Allah 6978:schools of 6888:Zaydī Shias 6739:(1644–1676) 6676:Dawr-e-Satr 6637:Aga Khan IV 6536:Dawr-e-Satr 6489:Al-Musta‘lī 6445:In 909 CE, 6341:New Zealand 6313:Afghanistan 6269:, led by a 6243:Aga Khan IV 6221:Ahl al-Bayt 6080:Occultation 6052:تشیع اخوانی 6005:Islamic law 5985:Occultation 5900:Furu ad-Din 5851:Usul ad-Din 5805:Shia clergy 5787:Occultation 5671:sacred text 5633:Prophethood 5605:Usul ad-Din 5587:(65%), and 5541:Shia Muslim 5140:~1,500,000 4958:Afghanistan 4766:25,272,000 4610:Zaydī Shias 4578:Afghanistan 4559:Middle East 4437:Middle East 4263:Ṣūfī Muslim 4251:Middle East 4135:, parts of 4081: 1100 3731:Ahl al-Bayt 3727:Ahl al-Bayt 3699:Ahl al-Bayt 3613:Bab al-Nasr 3599:during the 3590:Bab al-Nasr 3560:Ahl al-Bayt 3544:Ahl al-Bayt 3326:First Fitna 3298:(644–656). 3240:First Fitna 3220:MS Arab 161 3202:First Fitna 2972:Ali al-Rida 2937:Ahl al-Bayt 2912:Mid-Sha'ban 2814:Eid al-Adha 2805:Eid ul-Fitr 2650:Ahl al-Bayt 2617:Ahl al-Bayt 2500:Occultation 2409:perfect man 1918:Ahl al-Bayt 1875:if you can. 1582:Shīʿat ʿAlī 1569:Terminology 1452:Ahl al-Bayt 1416:Sunni Islam 1335:designated 1318:Shi'a Islam 1223:Laws of war 886:Ahl al-Bayt 771:Foundations 456:Ahl al-Kisa 371:Qutbi Bohra 366:Alavi Bohra 344:Progressive 270:Persecution 250:First Fitna 205:Omar Koshan 190:Eid al-Adha 185:Eid al-Fitr 88:Prophethood 23630:Shia Islam 23455:Micronesia 23332:Costa Rica 23227:San Marino 23187:Montenegro 23167:Luxembourg 23024:Uzbekistan 22999:Tajikistan 22904:Kyrgyzstan 22877:Kazakhstan 22827:East Timor 22797:Bangladesh 22787:Azerbaijan 22704:Seychelles 22669:Mozambique 22654:Mauritania 22639:Madagascar 22529:Cape Verde 22311:irreligion 22306:Secularism 22213:Minorities 22181:Toleration 22176:Syncretism 22161:Fanaticism 22151:Disability 22139:Missionary 22129:Conversion 22117:Ordination 22039:Psychology 22034:Philosophy 21974:Polytheism 21954:Monotheism 21949:Henotheism 21790:Orthopraxy 21780:Ordination 21743:Meditation 21738:Indigenous 21703:Entheogens 21688:Conversion 21453:Babylonian 21443:Melanesian 21369:Gnosticism 21254:Lithuanian 21147:Fourth Way 21001:Circassian 20979:Dievturība 20902:Tensegrity 20835:Falun Gong 20480:Sanamahism 20460:Donyi-Polo 20132:Polynesian 20078:Kaharingan 20003:Burkhanism 19942:Ravidassia 19920:Śvetāmbara 19706:Pushtimarg 19686:Krishnaism 19622:Vietnamese 19607:Cheondoism 19540:Yao Taoism 19476:East Asian 19242:Isma'ilism 19198:Maturidism 18977:Mennonites 18972:Hutterites 18957:Anabaptism 18850:Humanistic 18541:Ex-Muslims 18436:Shu'ubiyya 18430:Psychology 18418:Literature 18408:Inventions 18354:Philosophy 18162:Leadership 18138:Honorifics 17793:Philosophy 17648:Isma'ilism 17613:Maturidism 17502:Caliphates 17473:Golden Age 17364:Revelation 17142:Süleymancı 17050:Said Nursî 17009:Mahdavīyya 16960:Messianism 16864:Sumamīyya 16854:Hābītīyya 16747:Baba Ishak 16689:Saba'īyya 16676:Mukhāmmīsa 16667:Mughīrīyya 16654:Ghurābīyya 16616:Bāzīghiyya 16584:Bārāq Bābā 16563:Hulmānīyya 16460:Ziyādīyya 16452:Ubaydīyya 16444:Shamrīyya 16436:Sālehīyya 16420:Tūmanīyya 16404:Yūnusīyya 16365:Sauwāqīyya 16341:Hakāiqīyya 16325:Karrāmīyya 16315:Hanafiyyah 16169:Kharijites 16107:Nuktawiyya 16058:al-Muqanna 16036:Muḥammirah 16024:Abu Muslim 16020:Rezāmīyya 15995:Hārithīyya 15987:Janāhiyya 15977:Hashimiyya 15951:Kaysanites 15898:Badakhshan 15831:Qarmatians 15818:Batiniyyah 15798:Isma'ilism 15769:Demir Bābā 15764:Baktāshism 15757:Bektashism 15736:ibn Nusayr 15732:al-Khaṣībī 15716:Kul Nesîmî 15712:Pir Sultan 15617:Khalafiyya 15612:Dukayniyya 15546:Shia Islam 15488:Maturidism 15410:Madkhalism 15313:Ibn Kullab 15136:Shia books 14686:Madkhalism 14586:Najjārīyya 14476:al-Qībtī ( 14450:Karramiyya 14446:Ibn Karram 14402:Mu'jassimā 14290:Al-Maydani 14280:Ali Qushji 14205:Al-Bazdawi 14181:Maturidism 14166:Al-Shafi'i 14035:Al-Baydawi 13995:Qadi Ayyad 13970:Ibn Tumart 13925:Al-Ghazali 13910:Al-Juwayni 13900:Al-Bayhaqi 13891:al-Ash'ari 13863:Philosophy 13784:Philosophy 13666:Uzbekistan 13636:Tajikistan 13451:Bangladesh 13441:Azerbaijan 12495:"Malaysia" 12229:. London. 11921:Yahoo News 11901:7 February 10948:(3): 437. 10899:ایرنا پلاس 10631:13 October 10416:"Pakistan" 10255:24 October 9854:27 January 9828:Momen 1985 9704:18 January 9595:Momen 1985 9583:Momen 1985 9506:2008020716 9201:Momen 1985 8491:24 October 8193:Momen 1985 8156:Britannica 7995:22 January 7968:Momen 1985 7745:sc76000837 7429:References 7231:Tariq Aziz 7188:Christians 7044:group and 6938:rulers of 6910:(northern 6908:Tabaristan 6713:Gold dinar 6617:(Struggle) 6426:Qarmatians 6309:Tajikistan 6305:Uzbekistan 6231:) to God. 6207:) and the 6201:divine law 6143:Isma'ilism 6133:Ismāʿīlī ( 5919:(fasting); 5815:. In this 5763:divine law 5755:infallible 5641:Leadership 5613:Monotheism 5577:Azerbaijan 5238:Tajikistan 5072:2,000,000 5041:2,100,000 5006:2,400,000 4967:3,000,000 4922:Azerbaijan 4907:Alevi Shia 4872:Zaydi Shia 4555:Azerbaijan 4532:South Asia 4349:literature 4261:, and the 3993:Persianate 3937:Qarmatians 3515:Left: the 2974:, the 8th 2945:Holy sites 2696:Israelites 2043:Kalema at 1747:and other 1553:, and the 1531:Azerbaijan 1363:) and the 1291:Shia Islam 1076:Philosophy 813:(exegesis) 750:Pilgrimage 740:Almsgiving 511:Umm Salama 495:Holy women 83:Holy Books 78:Monotheism 54:Shia Islam 18:Shi'a 23573:Venezuela 23518:Argentina 23435:Australia 23387:Nicaragua 23362:Guatemala 23162:Lithuania 22984:Sri Lanka 22979:Singapore 22959:Palestine 22847:Indonesia 22837:Hong Kong 22659:Mauritius 22380:Overviews 22335:Criticism 22283:Terrorism 22258:Theocracy 22203:Happiness 22171:Pluralism 22156:Education 22082:Religion 22054:Salvation 22044:Sociology 21989:Religious 21969:Pantheism 21959:Nontheism 21852:Mountains 21830:Sacrifice 21785:Orthodoxy 21775:Mythology 21770:Mysticism 21659:Behaviour 21568:Canaanite 21551:Mithraism 21436:Mazdakism 21411:Hungarian 21384:Mysteries 21293:Dravidian 21075:Hungarian 20991:Caucasian 20962:Godianism 20922:Agni Yoga 20912:Theosophy 20875:Rastafari 20850:Modekngei 20830:Brahmoism 20823:Syncretic 20815:movements 20813:religious 20725:Quimbanda 20673:Candomblé 20666:Diasporic 20445:Bathouism 20435:Benzhuism 20360:Tsimshian 20330:Midewiwin 20323:Purépecha 20256:Longhouse 20184:Blackfoot 20115:Malaysian 20105:Kapitayan 19915:Digambara 19900:Ayyavazhi 19865:Vajrayana 19830:Theravada 19743:Ganapatya 19716:Ramanandi 19645:Hoahaoism 19523:Yiguandao 19418:Yarsanism 19413:Shabakism 19400:Yazdânism 19390:Zurvanism 19385:Mazdaznan 19344:Rastafari 19339:Mandaeism 19213:Wahhabism 19193:Ash'arism 19156:Tolstoyan 19146:Spiritual 19136:Mormonism 19107:Judaizers 19080:Quakerism 19058:Methodist 19048:Irvingism 18999:Calvinism 18952:Adventism 18935:Moravians 18772:Abrahamic 18658:Symbolism 18616:Incidents 18594:Criticism 18491:Mormonism 18393:Astrology 18319:Cosmology 18314:Astronomy 18256:Arabesque 18123:Etiquette 18082:Blasphemy 17872:Economics 17687:Ahmadiyya 17621:Mu'tazili 17609:Ash'arism 17070:Modernism 17002:Sabbatean 16990:Kabbalist 16968:Ahmadiyya 16899:Kala Kato 16872:Kā‘bīyya 16803:Bishriyya 16783:Muʿtazila 16716:al-Juhani 16709:Qadariyah 16579:Kalandars 16559:Hāshwīyya 16447:Abū Shamr 16380:Zarībīyya 16377:Wāhidīyya 16368:Sūramīyya 16362:Razīnīyya 16338:Dhīmmīyya 16307:Hasan ibn 16281:Wahbiyyah 16228:Abu Qurra 16154:Muhakkima 16098:Hurufiyya 16085:Mahdiists 16000:Riyāhīyya 15981:Hārbīyya 15922:Aga Khans 15917:Assassins 15880:Sulaymani 15844:ad-Darazi 15782:Hārābātīs 15699:Qizilbash 15692:Shaykhism 15568:Jarudiyya 15479:Al-Ahbash 15460:Ash'arism 15393:Al-Albani 15373:Wahhabism 15218:Ahmadiyya 15159:Al-Khisal 15069:Al-Irshad 15024:Key books 14671:Al-Albani 14639:Wahhabism 14493:Mu'tazila 14482:Qadariyah 14360:Mu'attila 14275:Ibn Kemal 14270:Khidr Bey 14150:Hanafiyah 14085:Al-Bahūtī 14080:Ibn Ashir 14045:Ibn Arafa 13940:Ibn Furak 13935:Al-Maziri 13886:Ash'arism 13853:Cosmology 13830:Cosmology 13825:Astronomy 13797:Education 13611:Singapore 13586:Palestine 13511:Indonesia 13436:Australia 13256:225510058 13248:1940-3461 12772:(1977a). 12725:(1993) . 12616:Discourse 12582:195448888 12574:1552-6526 12333:pp. 52–53 12227:The Times 12168:): 1–48. 12129:1573-0255 12075:2077-1444 12040:Religions 12015:1874-6691 11833:213121908 11252:0003-0279 11207:1874-6691 11133:170748666 11125:0021-0862 11033:8 January 10970:143672216 10962:0026-3206 10511:"Lebanon" 10344:14 August 10133:27 August 10091:27 August 9813:8 October 9758:25 August 9695:"Shīʿite" 9676:25 August 9476:"Baghdad" 9315:5 January 9289:28 August 9171:28 August 8987:14 August 8730:8 January 8701:8 January 8642:8 January 8632:"Najāsat" 8481:0099-9660 8452:26 August 8152:"Shīʿite" 8093:28 August 7953:12 August 7927:12 August 7779:the Imams 7767:successor 7729:0002-7189 7721:1477-4585 7459:Citations 7202:from the 7147:genocidal 6940:al-Yamama 6601:(Fasting) 6591:(Charity) 6530:, son of 6401:) of the 6337:Australia 6289:Palestine 6259:Ismāʿīlīs 6148:Ismāʿīlīs 6084:12th Imam 6064:Ibn Arabi 6039:Islamists 6032:Ayatollah 5981:12th Imam 5911:(prayer); 5840:Qizilbash 5490:Ismāʿīlīs 5440:~100,000 5410:~100,000 5380:~125,000 5345:~225,000 5311:~300,000 5281:~400,000 5247:~400,000 4606:Sulaymani 4599:Nakhawila 4231:Ismā'īl I 4182:al-Muʻizz 4111:Imam, in 4054:Bahmanids 3989:Ilkhanate 3983:al-Jazira 3904:Dynasties 3756:Arab clan 3682:Imam Reza 3634:, became 3632:Ismāʿīlīs 3588:, namely 3586:Old Cairo 3350:al-Zubayr 3330:civil war 3135:mujtahids 3032:Kadhimiya 2727:Practices 2679:, son of 2638:Abrahamic 2422:romanized 2386:romanized 2366:romanized 2352:malāʾikah 2346:romanized 2257:romanized 2010:romanized 1967:(grave), 1754:The term 1630:Shīʿiyyūn 1573:The word 1420:his death 1401:romanized 1354:romanized 1341:successor 1196:terrorism 1148:Criticism 1101:Sexuality 1071:Mysticism 1041:Festivals 1021:Education 1016:Economics 952:Academics 908:Caliphate 721:Practices 546:Shahrbanu 431:Qizilbash 23624:Category 23599:Category 23563:Suriname 23553:Paraguay 23538:Colombia 23445:Kiribati 23372:Honduras 23342:Dominica 23317:Barbados 23282:Scotland 23242:Slovenia 23237:Slovakia 23212:Portugal 23082:Bulgaria 23004:Thailand 22954:Pakistan 22934:Mongolia 22929:Maldives 22924:Malaysia 22812:Cambodia 22759:Zimbabwe 22734:Tanzania 22584:Ethiopia 22579:Eswatini 22559:Djibouti 22524:Cameroon 22509:Botswana 22453:Timeline 22448:Scholars 22408:Founders 22273:Violence 22228:Politics 22098:Business 22061:Theology 21805:Prophecy 21795:Paganism 21683:Covenant 21650:Apostasy 21585:Scythian 21526:Rapa Nui 21502:Thracian 21497:Illyrian 21487:Albanian 21458:Sumerian 21401:Harappan 21337:Germanic 21332:Georgian 21325:Selk'nam 21310:Etruscan 21298:Egyptian 21276:Druidism 21239:Armenian 21162:Satanism 21142:Eckankar 21065:Estonian 21050:Romanian 21040:Ossetian 21020:Germanic 20969:Armenian 20958:African 20951:paganism 20880:Sant Mat 20870:Rajneesh 20845:Meivazhi 20840:Japanese 20797:Siberian 20730:Santería 20700:Convince 20566:Bushongo 20470:Kiratism 20397:Hmongism 20278:Jivaroan 20251:Iroquois 20241:Ho-Chunk 20211:Cherokee 20166:American 20137:Hawaiian 20050:Sarnaism 20020:Tungusic 20008:Tengrism 19998:Mongolic 19927:Sarnaism 19858:Nichiren 19835:Mahayana 19822:Buddhism 19800:Sant Mat 19790:Sauraism 19785:Smartism 19780:Shaktism 19773:Balinese 19758:Kaumaram 19753:Kapalika 19748:Kashmiri 19733:Shaivism 19673:Hinduism 19640:Caodaism 19584:Ryukyuan 19579:Tenrikyo 19574:Shugendō 19552:Japanese 19423:Yazidism 19408:Ishikism 19286:Quranism 19259:Khawarij 19208:Salafism 19203:Atharism 19092:Esoteric 19063:Holiness 19053:Lutheran 19014:Reformed 18994:Baptists 18967:Brethren 18931:Hussites 18919:Assyrian 18835:Haymanot 18789:Orthodox 18738:Religion 18696:Category 18589:Islamism 18572:Muhammad 18528:Apostasy 18503:Hinduism 18403:Feminism 18334:Medicine 18174:Military 18128:Gambling 18077:Apostasy 18072:Criminal 17984:Marriage 17953:Tayammum 17905:Murabaha 17778:Madrasas 17768:Holidays 17758:Clothing 17753:Children 17748:Calendar 17699:Quranism 17653:Alawites 17617:Atharism 17508:Rashidun 17347:In Islam 17342:Muhammad 17187:Tawakkul 17154:Tawassul 17116:Taṣawwuf 17038:doctrine 16886:Quranism 16680:Namiriya 16309:Muḥāmmad 16302:Murji'ah 16016:Rawendis 15939:Satpanth 15860:Musta'li 15855:Fatimids 15753:Hurufism 15740:Alawites 15645:Sects in 15637:Mahdiist 15573:Batriyya 15519:Deobandi 15470:Shafi'is 15405:Jihadism 15352:Salafism 15320:Hanbalis 15301:Atharism 15214:Malfūzāt 15152:Al-Amali 14749:Hazimism 14461:Murji'ah 14385:Jahmīyya 14373:Mu'jbira 13965:Ibn Aqil 13581:Pakistan 13561:Malaysia 13466:Botswana 13373:18 April 13367:Shafaqna 13217:: 64–79. 13141:(2007). 13119:(1989). 13087:(2013). 13065:(1985). 12986:(2004). 12962:(2011). 12922:59136662 12864:(1979). 12842:(2001). 12816:(1988). 12794:(2002). 12658:(2007). 12515:17 March 12506:Archived 12479:17 March 12473:Archived 12426:19 April 12420:Archived 12415:BBC News 12231:Archived 12170:Archived 11973:(eds.). 11947:Archived 11943:NDTV.com 11925:Archived 11895:Archived 11869:Archived 11738:. Brill. 11666:Archived 11644:Archived 11566:Archived 11486:Archived 11379:13 April 11300:24 April 11294:Archived 11276:47785421 11268:12032032 11165:(eds.). 11053:Archived 10994:25 April 10988:Archived 10794:Archived 10752:Archived 10734:. p. 45. 10625:Archived 10394:Archived 10338:Archived 10280:Archived 10276:This Day 10249:Archived 10215:Archived 10190:21 March 10186:. London 10163:24 March 10157:Archived 10041:Archived 9979:Archived 9924:Archived 9878:Archived 9874:BBC News 9848:Archived 9752:Archived 9631:Archived 9573:, p. 49. 9549:Archived 9510:Archived 9484:New York 9380:(1994). 9113:Archived 9024:Archived 8981:BBC News 8955:Archived 8933:Archived 8784:, p. 23. 8724:Archived 8550:cite web 8485:Archived 8446:Archived 8374:Archived 8300:, p. 135 8268:Archived 8160:Archived 8141:, p. 47. 8061:Archived 7989:Archived 7947:Archived 7921:Archived 7853:59136662 7759:Muhammad 7737:24488178 7637:Archived 7315:Alawites 7264:See also 7176:Bektashi 7127:violence 7107:Muhammad 7042:militant 7039:Islamist 6920:Samanids 6904:Deylaman 6883:الأدارسة 6874:Idrisids 6868:Timeline 6774:Doctrine 6748:Zaydiyya 6668:Musta‘lī 6585:(Prayer) 6575:(Purity) 6510:and the 6481:Musta‘lī 6416:of Imam 6366:Ismāʿīlī 6281:Pakistan 6263:Aga Khan 6205:sharī'ah 6197:mystical 5867:Nubuwwah 5836:Bektashi 5595:Doctrine 5515:mujtahid 5488:and the 5482:Twelvers 5131:Tanzania 4757:Pakistan 4698:Article 4695:Country 4682:report, 4635:Sunnīs. 4603:Ismāʿīlī 4574:Pakistan 4415:Safavids 4386:mujtahid 4362:Muhammad 4265:ascetic 4196:and the 4125:Fatimids 4109:Ismāʿīlī 4032:Buddhism 3975:Uqaylids 3923:Idrisids 3898:Damascus 3715:Muhammad 3628:Twelvers 3577:Zulfiqar 3521:Arba'een 3362:Kharijis 3358:Muawiyah 3334:khilafāʾ 3291:rāshidūn 3278:Abū Bakr 3224:Ilkhanid 3107:Najāsat) 3103:impurity 2920:Sha'aban 2863:Damascus 2859:Arba'een 2853:Muharram 2835:and the 2790:Holidays 2645:Muhammad 2641:prophets 2630:Tabarruk 2492:Twelvers 2291:Ismāʿīlī 2186:Nubuwwah 2174:تَوْحِيد 2095:الشهادة‎ 1926:Muhammad 1857:require 1796:and the 1591:شيعة علي 1559:its laws 1507:Isma'ili 1436:rashidun 1432:rightful 1424:Abu Bakr 1333:Muhammad 1232:Glossary 1218:Jihadism 1191:Violence 1186:Islamism 1157:Muhammad 1143:Apostasy 1086:Politics 1036:Feminism 1031:Exorcism 992:Diaspora 977:Children 972:Calendar 900:Rashidun 878:Muhammad 873:Timeline 834:Mathnawi 696:Prophets 640:a series 638:Part of 463:Muhammad 419:Bektashi 395:Satpanth 329:Musta'li 324:Isma'ili 235:Mubahala 175:Arba'een 46:a series 44:Part of 23568:Uruguay 23543:Ecuador 23523:Bolivia 23500:Vanuatu 23427:Oceania 23377:Jamaica 23357:Grenada 23312:Bahamas 23272:England 23262:Ukraine 23217:Romania 23177:Moldova 23137:Ireland 23132:Iceland 23127:Hungary 23117:Germany 23107:Finland 23102:Estonia 23097:Denmark 23092:Czechia 23087:Croatia 23072:Belgium 23067:Belarus 23062:Austria 23057:Andorra 23052:Albania 23029:Vietnam 22939:Myanmar 22914:Lebanon 22832:Georgia 22792:Bahrain 22782:Armenia 22744:Tunisia 22714:Somalia 22699:Senegal 22684:Nigeria 22674:Namibia 22664:Morocco 22629:Liberia 22624:Lesotho 22574:Eritrea 22544:Comoros 22519:Burundi 22494:Algeria 22438:Outline 22403:Deities 22330:Atheism 22248:Science 22166:Freedom 22024:History 21991:studies 21944:Dualism 21934:Animism 21899:Worship 21879:Symbols 21820:Liturgy 21733:Goddess 21693:Deities 21674:Laicism 21664:Beliefs 21643:Aspects 21615:Zapotec 21610:Vainakh 21578:Yahwism 21563:Semitic 21514:Iranian 21416:Hurrian 21406:Hittite 21396:Guanche 21389:Orphism 21320:Fuegian 21315:Finnish 21303:Atenism 21249:Latvian 21234:Arabian 21177:Raëlism 21157:Jediism 21152:Goddess 21125:De novo 21013:Druidry 20907:Thelema 20860:New Age 20745:Umbanda 20636:Tumbuka 20621:Odinala 20606:Lugbara 20526:African 20492:African 20440:Bimoism 20430:Burmese 20298:Mapuche 20271:Wyandot 20231:Guarani 20221:Choctaw 20216:Chilote 20174:Abenaki 20125:Tagalog 20098:Kejawèn 19947:Sikhism 19910:Jainism 19870:Tibetan 19853:Amidism 19721:Warkari 19635:Đạo Mẫu 19485:Chinese 19467:Eastern 19444:Roshani 19363:Iranian 19271:Alevism 19264:Ibadism 19237:Zaydism 18914:Ancient 18885:Eastern 18845:Renewal 18830:Karaite 18811:Zionist 18799:Hasidic 18781:Judaism 18763:Western 18643:Nursing 18604:Qutbism 18518:Sikhism 18513:Judaism 18508:Jainism 18344:Physics 18291:Pottery 18276:Gardens 18271:Carpets 18186:Slavery 18108:Divorce 18095:Dhabiĥa 17923:Hygiene 17898:Takaful 17880:Banking 17810:Science 17804:Qurbani 17773:Mosques 17733:Animals 17722:Culture 17670:Zaydism 17658:Alevism 17544:Ottoman 17534:Almohad 17529:Fatimid 17524:Córdoba 17519:Abbasid 17514:Umayyad 17447:Leaders 17442:History 17400:Shahada 17315:Beliefs 17236:Shafi'i 17226:Hanbali 17192:Tewafuq 17172:Sadaqah 17133:Barelvi 17124:Ṭarīqah 16978:Qadiani 16951:beliefs 16726:Alevism 16573:Dimashq 16359:Nūnīyya 16353:Maʿīyya 16313:ibn al- 16288:Azzabas 16249:Ibadism 16237:Nukkari 16191:Azariqa 16176:Ajardi 16123:Bábīyya 16029:Sunpadh 15961:Mukhtār 15926:Nizaris 15901:Alevism 15875:Dawoodi 15865:Tayyibi 15827:Sevener 15806:Fathite 15680:Akhbari 15675:Ja'fari 15662:Twelver 15641:Shi'ite 15578:Imamate 15555:Zaydism 15506:Barelvi 15493:Hanafis 15465:Malikis 15434:Maqrizi 15383:Ibn Baz 15342:Zahiris 15104:Masnavi 14656:Ibn Baz 14470:Dimashq 14170:Shafi‘i 14100:'Illish 13835:Physics 13817:Science 13641:Tunisia 13616:Somalia 13601:Senegal 13576:Nigeria 13566:Morocco 13551:Lebanon 13456:Belgium 13446:Bahrain 13426:Algeria 13348:4 March 13327:4 March 13294:4 March 12988:Shiʻism 12648:Sources 12601:(PhD). 12544:(5–6). 12376:, 1982. 12059:: 483. 11875:8 March 11492:9 April 11462:9 April 11238:: 542. 10775:. p. 45 10705:. p. 40 10400:20 June 9954:. 2012. 9516:21 June 8961:18 June 8842:. p. 40 8697:, Brill 8638:, Brill 8166:21 July 8046:. p. 46 7793:of the 7753:1479270 7643:31 July 7596:Shiʻite 7446:A 2019 7248:in its 7196:Wahhabi 7192:Al Saud 7168:Selim I 7162:Ottoman 6976:Shāfiʿī 6916:Alavids 6896:Maghreb 6892:Idris I 6862:Hadawis 6744:Zaydism 6704:Zaydism 6694:Zaydī ( 6672:Ṭayyibi 6632:Nizārīs 6573:Taharah 6567:Walayah 6548:Pillars 6508:Ṭayyibi 6497:Iranian 6430:Bahrain 6361:In the 6152:Sevener 6135:Sevener 6093:ikhwani 6072:Akhbari 6048:Persian 6026:Allamah 6014:ijtihad 5828:Shaykhi 5767:sharīʿa 5625:Justice 5589:Lebanon 5583:(70%), 5581:Bahrain 5579:(85%), 5575:(90%), 5561:Jaʿfari 5549:Twelver 5528:Twelver 5522:Twelver 5510:jurists 5356:Detroit 5272:Germany 5204:Bahrain 5181:Ismaili 5092:Nigeria 5032:Lebanon 4899:~10–15 4664:Somalia 4633:Shāfiʿī 4593:in the 4591:Baharna 4588:Twelver 4551:Bahrain 4457:Muslims 4435:in the 4379:sharīʿa 4338:Akhbari 4331:Persian 4323:Persian 4239:Twelver 4233:of the 4149:Fāṭimah 4105:Fatimid 4048:Öljaitü 4023:Western 3999:khanate 3969:Iranian 3966:Twelver 3952:Bahrain 3944:Iranian 3941:Ismaili 3931:Morocco 3894:Messiah 3850:Öljaitü 3803:Imamate 3530:Karbala 3466:Isfahan 3296:ʿUthmān 3188:Origins 3164:History 3117:, with 3075:Wahhabi 3071:Al Saud 3069:by the 3040:Samarra 3004:Mashhad 3000:Karbala 2964:Mashhad 2892:Fāṭimah 2849:Karbala 2809:Ramadan 2773:Maghrib 2745:Karbala 2739:at the 2677:Solomon 2588:reports 2437:Ghaybah 2424:: 2399:as the 2388:: 2372:anbiyāʼ 2368:: 2348:: 2341:ملائِكة 2299:Fāṭimah 2287:Twelver 2271: 2259:: 2252:عِصْمَة 2223: 2202: 2181: 2160:Shahada 2141: 2122: 2105:states 2103:Shahada 2086:Shahada 2047:of the 2033:Shahada 2025:Fāṭimah 2016:khalifa 2012:: 1985:prophet 1859:cleanup 1832:Beliefs 1822:Abraham 1745:English 1715:Shīʿite 1709:), and 1669:Shīʿism 1539:Lebanon 1535:Bahrain 1468: 1412:Saqifah 1403:: 1380: 1360:khalifa 1356:: 1113:Slavery 1096:Science 1051:Madrasa 1046:Finance 957:Animals 945:society 941:Culture 913:Imamate 893:Sahabah 866:History 836:(Poems) 821:(creed) 745:Fasting 673:Oneness 666:Beliefs 334:Tayyibi 305:Shaykhi 295:Akhbari 290:Ja'fari 218:History 108:Twelver 103:Ismaili 98:Imamate 23609:Portal 23548:Guyana 23528:Brazil 23495:Tuvalu 23392:Panama 23382:Mexico 23327:Canada 23322:Belize 23252:Sweden 23232:Serbia 23222:Russia 23207:Poland 23202:Norway 23182:Monaco 23152:Latvia 23147:Kosovo 23122:Greece 23112:France 23044:Europe 23009:Turkey 22994:Taiwan 22899:Kuwait 22872:Jordan 22862:Israel 22822:Cyprus 22807:Brunei 22802:Bhutan 22754:Zambia 22749:Uganda 22689:Rwanda 22644:Malawi 22604:Guinea 22594:Gambia 22499:Angola 22486:Africa 22295:Wealth 22243:Schism 22198:Growth 22122:Priest 22107:Clergy 21926:Theism 21909:Nature 21904:Astral 21847:Groves 21815:Ritual 21800:Prayer 21758:Novice 21708:Ethnic 21633:Topics 21605:Urartu 21600:Tongan 21595:Somali 21590:Slavic 21492:Dacian 21271:Celtic 21266:Basque 21244:Baltic 21095:Udmurt 21060:Uralic 21055:Slavic 21008:Celtic 20996:Abkhaz 20984:Romuva 20974:Baltic 20949:Modern 20792:Papuan 20755:Voodoo 20710:Kumina 20651:Yoruba 20641:Urhobo 20611:Maasai 20596:Lotuko 20544:Baluba 20534:Akamba 20507:Berber 20465:Heraka 20455:Dongba 20355:Pawnee 20345:Navajo 20335:Muisca 20293:Lenape 20288:Lakota 20266:Seneca 20199:Ohlone 20164:Native 20030:Manchu 20025:Evenki 19986:Altaic 19977:Ethnic 19952:Khalsa 19905:Kalash 19795:Śrauta 19664:Indian 19594:Korean 19560:Shinto 19530:Taoism 19503:Luoism 19329:Baháʼí 19324:Bábism 19276:Ahmadi 19254:Sufism 19247:Alawis 18897:Church 18825:Reform 18806:Modern 18794:Haredi 18465: 18423:poetry 18233: 18118:Ethics 18102:Dhimmi 18061:Baligh 18022:Mahram 17979:Family 17959:Toilet 17939:Miswak 17692:Lahori 17633:Salafi 17579:Seerah 17574:Tafsir 17569:Hadith 17539:Sokoto 17484:Sahaba 17359:Angels 17336:Tawhid 17293:topics 17241:Zahiri 17231:Maliki 17221:Hanafi 17197:Thawab 17177:Sunnah 17102:Other 17058:Hizmet 17022:Zikris 16993:Dönmes 16983:Lahori 16949:Muslim 16769:Rifa`i 16714:Ma'bad 16596:Tajsīm 16544:Tamsīl 16271:Ifrani 16211:Najdat 16114:Shayki 16083:Other 16051:Mazyar 15930:Khojas 15908:Nizari 15887:Hafizi 15848:Druzes 15829: 15773:Alians 15727:Ghulat 15207:Alawis 14474:Nabati 14439:Abdals 14421:Juzjan 14160:Maliki 13845:Sufism 13769:Ethics 13756:Aqidah 13748:Fields 13727:Fields 13646:Turkey 13546:Kuwait 13536:Jordan 13526:Israel 13486:Canada 13476:Brunei 13471:Brazil 13431:Angola 13313:London 13254: 13246: 13191: 13172: 13153: 13127: 13101: 13073: 13051: 13032: 13013: 12994: 12972: 12946: 12920: 12910: 12891: 12872: 12850: 12824: 12802: 12780: 12754: 12735: 12711: 12670: 12580: 12572: 12350: 12329: 12237:23 May 12204: 12127: 12107:Leiden 12073: 12013: 12003: 11983:Boston 11979:Leiden 11831: 11821: 11713: 11622: 11595: 11430: 11402: 11348: 11323: 11274: 11266: 11260:605981 11258: 11250: 11205: 11195: 11175:Boston 11171:Leiden 11131: 11123: 11082: 11059:1 June 10968: 10960: 10909:10 May 10853: 10820: 10771: 10730: 10701: 10656: 10617: 10546:. BBC. 10499:. BBC. 10478: 10439:. BBC. 10369: 10330: 10303: 10241: 10005: 9902: 9541: 9504: 9494: 9450: 9422: 9388: 9359: 9257: 9005: 8925: 8838: 8797: 8667: 8606: 8579: 8479: 8424: 8397: 8337: 8296: 8250: 8180:Quran 8121: 8042: 8020: 7899: 7851: 7841: 7751: 7743: 7735: 7727: 7719: 7627:Shiite 7608:Shiite 7600:Shiite 7594:, and 7556: 7532: 7505: 7480: 7200:Ikhwan 7172:Alevis 7165:sultan 7143:brutal 7125:, and 7087:Shiraz 7015:Sana'a 6972:Ḥanafī 6952:Sa'dah 6944:caliph 6932:Buyids 6906:, and 6878:Arabic 6856:, the 6846:Arabic 6813:Sayyid 6788:Sayyid 6760:Fivers 6750:or as 6719:, the 6686:, and 6654:Malika 6522:, and 6512:Ḥāfiẓi 6493:Alamut 6477:Nizārī 6378:taʾwīl 6363:Nizārī 6343:, and 6301:Jordan 6213:sunnah 6166:, the 6126:marjaʿ 6020:marjaʿ 6001:hadith 5891:Imamah 5859:Tawḥīd 5838:, and 5832:Alevis 5822:sunnah 5819:, the 5747:, and 5733:, and 5679:hadith 5567:, the 5500:, the 5486:Zaydīs 5446:<1 5416:<1 5386:<1 5351:<1 5348:~0.07 5317:<1 5287:<1 5253:<1 5223:<1 5185:Ahmadi 5176:<1 5173:20–25 5161:Kuwait 5146:<1 5107:<1 5104:<1 5047:<1 5019:sect. 4982:Hazara 4909:sect. 4887:Turkey 4874:sect. 4864:35–40 4834:1.3–2 4807:10–11 4742:37–40 4652:Sokoto 4629:Tabuik 4614:Najran 4570:Turkey 4566:Kuwait 4506: 4502: 4499: 4496: 4490: 4487: 4484: 4381:courts 4370:judges 4354:sunnah 4351:, and 4347:ḥadīth 4291:Persia 4170:Arabic 4145:Medina 4137:Arabia 4133:Levant 4131:, the 4040:Ghazan 4019:Hulagu 3996:Mongol 3962:Buyids 3846:Ghazan 3825:, and 3787:ḥikmah 3751:ḥadīth 3636:Imamis 3539:shahid 3486:bay'ah 3444:Medina 3432:: The 3386:, and 3348:, and 3346:Talhah 3314:Medina 3284:, and 3236:Fatima 3200:, and 3111:kitābῑ 3093:Purity 3079:Ikhwan 3050:, the 3046:, the 3042:, the 2990:, the 2988:Medina 2982:After 2884:, the 2873:Mawlid 2737:prayer 2704:Imamat 2688:Imamat 2657:, the 2606:, and 2586:ḥadīth 2502:is an 2461:, and 2413:Arabic 2377:Arabic 2361:أنبياء 2357:Arabic 2337:Arabic 2333:angels 2248:Arabic 2212:Arabic 2207:Imamah 2191:Arabic 2170:Arabic 2165:Tawḥīd 2130:Arabic 2111:Arabic 2099:Sunnīs 2091:Arabic 2001:Arabic 1997:caliph 1826:’Imrân 1778:caliph 1711:Shiite 1665:Shiism 1599:Arabic 1587:Arabic 1547:Turkey 1543:Kuwait 1533:, and 1513:, and 1480:Husayn 1457:Arabic 1447:Imamah 1428:caliph 1407:sahaba 1392:Arabic 1369:Arabic 1345:Arabic 1322:branch 1167:Hadith 1081:Poetry 1061:Mosque 1026:Ethics 851:Sharia 819:Aqidah 811:Tafsir 795:Hadith 789:Sunnah 733:Prayer 684:Angels 561:Narjis 501:Fatima 483:Husayn 473:Fatima 436:Ishiki 404:Ghulat 385:Nizari 378:Hafizi 317:Houthi 265:Origin 180:Mawlid 170:Ashura 140:Clergy 120:Angels 23533:Chile 23490:Tonga 23480:Samoa 23470:Palau 23460:Nauru 23367:Haiti 23287:Wales 23247:Spain 23172:Malta 23142:Italy 23034:Yemen 22989:Syria 22969:Qatar 22944:Nepal 22919:Macau 22882:Korea 22867:Japan 22842:India 22817:China 22729:Sudan 22679:Niger 22634:Libya 22619:Kenya 22599:Ghana 22589:Gabon 22564:Egypt 22504:Benin 22413:Index 22384:lists 22253:State 22071:Women 21939:Deism 21914:Place 21894:Water 21889:Truth 21857:Trees 21713:Faith 21678:Laity 21573:Punic 21531:Roman 21519:Vedic 21477:Olmec 21364:Greek 21357:Norse 21281:Irish 21102:Wicca 20897:Subud 20787:Inuit 20760:Winti 20750:Vodou 20715:Obeah 20695:Comfa 20678:Bantu 20631:Serer 20616:Mbuti 20576:Dogon 20571:Dinka 20554:Kongo 20549:Bantu 20475:Qiang 20318:Olmec 20308:Aztec 20236:Haida 20194:Miwok 20142:Māori 20073:Dayak 19994:Turko 19957:Sects 19893:Other 19848:Thiền 19432:Other 19334:Druze 19312:Other 19188:Sunni 19180:Islam 18962:Amish 18880:Latin 18577:Quran 18467:Other 18362:Early 18286:Music 18202:Kalam 18156:Jizya 18144:Hudud 18029:Nikah 17946:Najis 17932:Ghusl 17891:Sukuk 17820:Women 17788:Music 17763:Flags 17677:Ibadi 17604:Sunni 17564:Quran 17421:Zakat 17407:Salah 17370:Qadar 17328:Allah 17291:Islam 17182:Taqwa 16571:ī ad- 16569:Fāris 16223:Sufri 16046:Babak 15870:Alavi 15836:Hamza 15794:Imami 15685:Usuli 15658:Imami 15649:Islam 15633:Imami 15415:Sahwa 14478:Murjī 14472:ī an- 14423:ī al- 14414:Balkh 14138:Sunni 14135:Early 13807:Peace 13802:Logic 13774:Kalam 13735:Books 13671:Yemen 13631:Syria 13626:Sudan 13591:Qatar 13556:Libya 13541:Kenya 13506:India 13496:Egypt 13491:China 13461:Benin 13252:S2CID 12578:S2CID 12509:(PDF) 12498:(PDF) 12307:4 May 12263:4 May 12173:(PDF) 12150:(PDF) 12105:(4). 12053:Basel 11829:S2CID 11773:4 May 11256:JSTOR 11234:(3). 11129:S2CID 10966:S2CID 10755:(PDF) 10748:(PDF) 10119:(CIA) 10085:(PDF) 10074:(PDF) 10044:(PDF) 10026:(PDF) 9982:(PDF) 9969:(PDF) 9807:(PDF) 9796:(PDF) 8863:4 May 8813:Shiʿi 8543:Qom.' 8274:4 May 8182:33:33 8067:4 May 7733:JSTOR 7717:eISSN 7588:Shiʻa 7434:Notes 7212:Najaf 6999:Yemen 6900:Gilan 6790:) of 6696:Fiver 6615:Jihad 6589:Zakāt 6583:Salat 6485:Nizār 6455:Druze 6418:Mahdi 6392:hujja 6325:China 6297:Yemen 6285:Syria 6277:India 6225:light 6219:(the 6191:zahīr 6184:bāṭin 6162:) to 6068:Usuli 5997:Quran 5964:Khums 5944:Jihād 5936:Zakāt 5929:Mecca 5908:Salat 5875:Muʿad 5667:Quran 5661:Books 5646:Imams 5557:Imami 5451:Ibadi 5413:~3.5 5401:Qatar 5383:~0.2 5284:~0.5 5219:65–70 5143:~2.5 5044:31.2 4997:Syria 4978:Tajik 4937:45–55 4902:~3–4 4852:Yemen 4837:9–14 4822:India 4803:55–65 4738:90–95 4668:Khoja 4656:Kenya 4509:Ibadi 4504:Shia 4493:Sunnī 4395:Usuli 4391:ulama 4342:Quran 4315:ulama 4194:Cairo 4190:Egypt 4141:Mecca 4117:Egypt 3927:Zaydi 3890:Masih 3882:Jesus 3866:Mahdi 3815:Mahdi 3760:Yemen 3686:Imams 3621:Egypt 3597:Manāt 3481:Yazid 3452:Yazid 3425:Ḥasan 3367:sujud 3342:Aisha 3261:mawla 3256:mawla 3177:hijra 3157:fatwa 2996:Najaf 2984:Mecca 2906:Rajab 2867:Safar 2845:Ḥasan 2784:Quran 2779:Isha' 2776:with 2764:with 2761:Dhuhr 2681:David 2673:Moses 2661:, in 2512:Mahdi 2488:Mahdi 2392:rusul 2307:ismah 2295:Imams 2283:ismah 2244:Ismah 2239:Ismah 2231:Ismah 2216:إمامة 2057:Egypt 2053:Cairo 2045:Qibla 2005:خليفة 1973:Najaf 1961:Ḍarīẖ 1913:Ummah 1794:Quran 1638:Shīʿa 1603:شيعيّ 1595:Shīʿī 1551:Yemen 1515:Alevi 1511:Zaydi 1476:Hasan 1410:) at 1396:صحابہ 1349:خليفة 1326:Islam 1316:) or 1213:Jihad 1162:Quran 1123:Women 1066:Music 1004:Sunni 853:(law) 801:Sirah 782:Quran 766:Texts 648:Islam 541:Rubab 478:Hasan 414:Alevi 409:Alawi 390:Khoja 312:Zaydi 300:Usuli 240:Khumm 113:Zaydi 23558:Peru 23440:Fiji 23337:Cuba 22949:Oman 22909:Laos 22857:Iraq 22852:Iran 22769:Asia 22739:Togo 22649:Mali 22539:Chad 22382:and 22309:and 21884:Text 21864:Soul 21753:Monk 21718:Fire 21421:Inca 21229:Ainu 21113:list 21090:Sámi 20720:Palo 20688:Ketu 20683:Jejé 20601:Lozi 20581:Efik 20559:Zulu 20539:Akan 20392:Ahom 20384:Miao 20382:and 20370:Zuni 20313:Maya 20246:Hopi 20226:Crow 20204:Pomo 19883:list 19840:Chan 19811:list 19768:Nath 19566:list 19302:list 19227:Shia 19169:list 18856:list 18248:Arts 18179:POWs 18113:Diet 18043:Zina 18015:Mahr 18001:Haya 17965:Wudu 17912:Riba 17825:LGBT 17717:Life 17638:Shia 17628:Sufi 17619:and 17428:Hajj 17414:Sawm 15953:Shia 14350:Rumi 13792:‘Aql 13521:Iraq 13516:Iran 13375:2023 13350:2022 13329:2022 13296:2022 13244:ISSN 13189:ISBN 13170:ISBN 13151:ISBN 13125:ISBN 13099:ISBN 13071:ISBN 13049:ISBN 13030:ISBN 13011:ISBN 12992:ISBN 12970:ISBN 12944:ISBN 12918:OCLC 12908:ISBN 12889:ISBN 12870:ISBN 12848:ISBN 12822:ISBN 12800:ISBN 12778:ISBN 12752:ISBN 12733:ISBN 12709:ISBN 12692:2019 12668:ISBN 12633:Sada 12570:ISSN 12517:2014 12481:2014 12455:2007 12428:2015 12348:ISBN 12327:ISBN 12309:2011 12265:2011 12239:2010 12202:ISBN 12181:2020 12125:ISSN 12071:ISSN 12057:MDPI 12047:(8: 12011:ISSN 12001:ISBN 11981:and 11903:2015 11877:2022 11819:ISBN 11775:2011 11711:ISBN 11620:ISBN 11593:ISBN 11494:2015 11464:2015 11428:ISBN 11400:ISBN 11381:2020 11346:ISBN 11321:ISBN 11302:2007 11272:OCLC 11264:LCCN 11248:ISSN 11203:ISSN 11193:ISBN 11173:and 11121:ISSN 11080:ISBN 11061:2007 11035:2007 10996:2007 10958:ISSN 10911:2022 10851:ISBN 10818:ISBN 10769:ISBN 10728:ISBN 10699:ISBN 10654:ISBN 10633:2015 10615:ISBN 10476:ISBN 10402:2015 10367:ISBN 10346:2012 10328:ISBN 10301:ISBN 10257:2012 10239:ISBN 10192:2010 10165:2009 10135:2010 10093:2010 10052:2010 10003:ISBN 9932:2010 9900:ISBN 9856:2014 9815:2009 9760:2010 9706:2022 9678:2010 9639:2014 9557:2018 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