1067:
17th century, required different methods. This contributed, according to Haykel, to the Qasimi State's progressive
Sunnification, which allowed the creation of more permanent offices and institutions, forming a judicial and court bureaucracy along the lines long established in non-Zaydi Muslim states—indeed, often taken over from the previous Ottoman administration. Crucially, this process also provided an alternative means of legitimacy for its rulers, who by and large lacked the necessary qualities prescribed in Zaydi doctrine and relied almost exclusively on dynastic legitimacy and military might, couched in Sunni legal formulas that prohibited rebellion.
938:, which leaned far more towards early Shi'a doctrines, and eventually became the dominant strain by the 9th century. In common with all Shi'a groups, the Batriyya held that Ali was the rightful successor to Muhammad, being "the most excellent of men" after the Prophet himself. At the same time, unlike the other Shi'a groups, they held that since Ali had consented to obey them, Abu Bakr and Umar were rightful leaders, while Uthman was so for the first half of his reign, prior to his attempts to raise his own, Umayyad clan over all others. From this, the Batriyya accepted that imams did not have to be the most excellent member of the
1127:), who could levy taxes, mete out punishments, and even conduct offensive war. Haider notes that the uniquely Zaydi concept of a 'restricted' imam is another indication of the centrality of political considerations, as "the Zaydı̄ Imāmate was predicated on the exercise of political authority", while the knowledge-focused requirements could be delegated via the consultation of qualified religious scholars. The term appeared very early on, as several early Zaydi rulers in Tabaristan were mere 'summoners', while later Zaydi Alids in northern Iran simply adopted the generic and entirely secular title of
1045:
religious leaders first and foremost, vested with infallibility on matters of doctrine, the political aspects of the imamate were uniquely central to the Zaydi conception of the office: the Zaydi imams were recognized merely as knowledgeable individuals, whose judgment was potentially fallible and represented a "best guess" at God's will, and not inherently superior to the rulings of other Zaydi scholars. Only the collective consensus of the
Hasanids and Husaynids could unequivocally establish the correctness or not of doctrinal issues.
849:
6812:
43:
1071:
6801:
574:
1037:
political and military abilities. On the other hand, it was expected that the "most excellent" candidate could be imam, hence if another, more excellent one, were to arise, the incumbent imam would be bound to surrender authority to him. Likewise, any moral transgressions or loss of the qualifying attributes rendered the legitimacy of the imamate void.
1089:
they often recognized each other's legitimacy, this was an exception that was not reflected in doctrine. Likewise, the required high standard of erudition on jurisprudence disqualified many actual Alid potentates from the imamate, even though they might already hold secular power. As a result, the intermediate rank of a 'restricted' imam (
1066:
emphasizes the transient and ephemeral nature of Zaydi political structures, ascribing it to their "oppositional quality": the Zaydis were most effective when focused against an enemy they could fight. Governing an extensive and diverse realm, such as the Qasimi State that emerged in Yemen during the
965:
The designation of Ali, Hasan, and Husayn makes them unique among Zaydi imams, although two different traditions exist: one holds that all three were explicitly designated as his successors by
Muhammad, while another that they each appointed one another in turn. After the death of Husayn, eligibility
1137:). It was in Yemen, however, that the concept of the 'restricted' imamate was systematized, as many of the later Qasimi rulers lacked the qualifications for the full imamate. As a result of all these controversies, there never was a definitive list of commonly accepted Zaydi imams, even to this day.
1044:
sums up the Zaydi imamate as follows: "a qualified candidate earned followers through his scholarly and personal qualities and seized power through his military prowess. The ideal Zaydī Imām was both a 'man of the pen' and a 'man of the sword'." Unlike the Imami Shi'a, who consider their imams to be
1036:
was not contingent upon the popularity of the candidate or a general consensus of the
Muslims; the prospective imam was compelled to rise by God, and his success depended on God alone. In more practical terms, leadership of a successful uprising against a tyrannical oppressor was proof of the imam's
682:
and a public call to allegiance, usually in the form of leadership of an uprising against unlawful authority. In practice, this meant that there could be several Zaydi imams at the same time, even in the same region, or none at all. This resulted in the unique concept of a 'restricted' imamate, for
1088:
Furthermore, while the imam was held to be unique across the Muslim community, this was not always so in practice: apart from succession disputes, the existence of widely separated Zaydi states in Yemen and northern Iran sometimes led to the existence of two distinct imams at the same time. While
993:
Qualifications alone were not enough, however; while Zaydi doctrine affirmed the establishment of an imam at all times as an obligation incumbent upon the Muslim community, the imamate could not be passed by contract, election or designation, but had to be claimed by issuing a 'call' or 'summons'
1053:
In practice, the intensely personal nature of the Zaydi imamate, bound as it was with the charisma and abilities of the individual imam, ran contrary to the creation of a long-lasting, institutionalized Zaydi statehood: the succession was never regulated, often resulting in the proclamations of
789:. The Zaydis on the other hand adopted a more moderate religious position closer to Sunni beliefs, but were political radicals, with rebellion against illegitimate Umayyad and Abbasid authority becoming a core Zaydi tenet. As a result, the Zaydis backed a succession of legitimist
754:; the more radical Shi'a rejected them as usurpers, while the more moderate ones accepted them as legitimate imams (leaders) since Ali himself had pledged allegiance to them. Zayd's support for the moderate position cost him many followers, who instead followed his nephew,
917:
evicted the
Ottomans and came to rule all of Yemen, but to bolster their own power, the imams gradually moved away from Hadawi Zaydism and adopted doctrines that brought them nearer to Sunni practice and legitimated their hereditary, monarchical rule.
1062:), or even a uniform legal code, as every imam had the right to interpret the law at will; and even the military support an imam enjoyed was voluntarily provided by his followers, instead of relying on an organized army. Historian
683:
holders of political power who did not meet the scholarly credentials. Moreover, the personal nature of the imamate for a long time prevented the rise of persistent institutions, rendering the Zaydi states established in
677:
imamate, however, it was not hereditary and could be claimed by any qualified Alid; nor were its holders ascribed semi-divine attributes of infallibility and miracle-working. Necessary qualifications were a grounding in
864:
These revolts were unsuccessful, proving that a direct confrontation with the caliphal government in the central lands of Islam was doomed to failure. The first successful Zaydi state was indeed established in
873:, who fled the suppression of the 786 uprising. During the 9th century, Zaydi missionary efforts gained ground in two other peripheral regions of the Islamic world: the mountains of northern
954:
doctrine. The
Jarudiyya on the other hand followed the Imami Shi'a in rejecting the first three caliphs as illegitimate and usurpers of Ali's rightful place, holding that he and his sons
978:). A prospective imam had to be of sound body and mind so that he could rule, have an upright personal character, live a life of piety and probity, and have an extensive knowledge of
1020:) are also used—to which all true Muslims had to respond by declaring their allegiance. In practice the latter meant an armed rebellion, hence a minimum number of armed support (
1620:
1054:
several rival candidates; the judicial authority was vested in the imam and could not be delegated, precluding the emergence of a bureaucracy, offices like a chief judge (
1105:) was used, denoting a ruler seen as legitimate by the Zaydis and charged with governing and defending the community, but with limited authority compared to full imams (
3188:
6561:
6443:
5811:
5102:
990:, up to and including the authorship of original works. A list of fourteen attributes was eventually established that qualified a candidate for the imamate.
769:
In Zaydi doctrine, unlike the Imami Shi'a, the imamate is not hereditary, nor is the imam a quasi-divine figure, without sin, possessed of infallibility (
6428:
4715:
6527:
1041:
893:
was established in
Tabaristan in 864, which survived as a regional power until the 12th century. The last remnants of the Caspian Zaydis ruled
3371:
909:
in the medieval and early modern period, even though their rule was contested and interrupted by foreign imperial powers, most notably the
6458:
5157:
1577:"Al-Hādī Yahyā b. al-Husayn b. al-Qāsim (245–98/859–911): A Biographical Introduction and the Background and Significance of his Imamate"
1822:
6532:
6448:
6549:
4092:
3839:
830:
974:
lines, although some Zaydi scholars until the 10th century extended eligibility to all
Talibids (the descendants of Ali's father,
6512:
6433:
3883:
1944:
6453:
5401:
3315:
6463:
6420:
3055:
2464:
1954:
1936:
1791:
1647:
1609:
6846:
4426:
3065:
602:
2409:
3726:
1769:
1708:
6315:
6269:
5929:
5923:
1671:
4786:
6186:
6042:
5577:
5473:
4766:
209:
67:
3519:
3264:
6670:
6486:
5092:
5040:
4654:
3702:
3366:
2254:
2134:
890:
6735:
6293:
6191:
5334:
3082:
3060:
2374:
2339:
1815:
6103:
5862:
5597:
3209:
3092:
2349:
2169:
975:
6655:
6632:
6252:
6108:
6098:
6004:
5715:
5355:
4395:
3876:
3548:
3394:
3344:
2785:
2229:
403:
6757:
6622:
6438:
6206:
5999:
5434:
5023:
3913:
3777:
3125:
2439:
1949:
1926:
1921:
1831:
802:
782:
691:
unstable. As a result, the imamate often came to be passed down in hereditary fashion, especially as the
219:
87:
82:
2487:
6517:
6400:
5917:
5394:
4432:
4027:
4013:
3752:
3497:
3271:
2753:
2384:
2344:
2079:
1996:
1850:
798:
422:
224:
6597:
6298:
6127:
5823:
5603:
5566:
5345:
3979:
3348:
3110:
2334:
2239:
2214:
2064:
1808:
1760:
810:
794:
323:
5257:
6752:
6481:
6305:
6078:
5616:
5360:
5350:
5340:
4110:
3630:
3244:
2863:
2434:
2364:
595:
550:
142:
77:
6615:
5489:
5248:
5212:
3237:
3195:
3050:
2665:
2454:
2359:
2189:
2144:
2010:
520:
5643:
6767:
6696:
6665:
6605:
5587:
5582:
5500:
4930:
4884:
4278:
3959:
3454:
3115:
3045:
3005:
2990:
2670:
2424:
2329:
2314:
2305:
2184:
2149:
2074:
1026:) was specified and fixed at 313 followers, based on the number of Muhammad's followers at the
777:), and capable of performing miracles. Furthermore, while the Imamis considered the mainstream
727:
635:
485:
99:
72:
1695:
1576:
897:
and converted to
Twelver Shi'ism in 1526/7. In Yemen, a Zaydi state was established in 897 at
129:
6713:
6691:
5510:
5387:
5153:
4812:
3984:
3901:
3647:
3617:
3174:
3070:
2617:
2444:
2194:
2104:
979:
679:
313:
214:
204:
197:
174:
4853:
308:
6841:
6380:
6287:
6232:
4599:
4006:
3864:
3789:
3634:
3449:
3297:
3202:
3181:
3040:
2995:
2980:
2529:
2379:
2369:
2354:
2174:
2139:
2129:
2124:
2099:
500:
357:
244:
179:
109:
8:
6610:
6491:
6385:
6201:
5698:
5495:
5266:
5033:
4833:
4604:
4335:
4212:
3851:
3151:
3077:
2419:
2069:
1883:
588:
535:
515:
452:
124:
104:
25:
6836:
6772:
6686:
6537:
6473:
6281:
6257:
5934:
5912:
5872:
5762:
5675:
5626:
5592:
5483:
5197:
4080:
4036:
3781:
3594:
3481:
3255:
3216:
3130:
2965:
2928:
2890:
2812:
2687:
2459:
2244:
2119:
2094:
1916:
1903:
1764:
870:
818:
755:
646:
62:
5173:
1743:
1686:
901:, which remains the heartland of Yemeni Zaydism to the present day; a series of Zaydi
738:
Shi'a, who were divided over the thorny question of the legitimacy of the first three
6747:
6742:
6647:
6637:
6627:
6310:
6196:
6148:
5991:
5902:
5663:
5653:
5648:
5638:
5633:
5466:
5223:
5189:
5133:
4376:
4315:
4222:
3930:
3794:
3643:
3589:
3485:
3120:
3087:
3015:
3010:
2970:
2958:
2943:
2923:
2824:
2800:
2626:
2449:
2289:
2224:
1787:
1783:
1726:
1722:
1667:
1643:
1605:
1588:
786:
731:
662:
578:
545:
510:
442:
269:
239:
4381:
758:(d. 765). This event separated the Zaydis from the "Imami" variants of Shi'ism (the
6777:
6762:
6522:
6227:
5949:
5887:
5877:
5867:
5852:
5658:
5561:
5533:
5421:
4191:
4165:
3868:
3541:
3444:
3285:
3167:
3020:
3000:
2985:
2550:
2209:
1977:
1779:
1752:
1738:
1718:
1681:
1635:
1631:
1074:
806:
739:
555:
530:
447:
734:, in which he died. The revolt failed in large part due to lack of support by the
6703:
6410:
6355:
6155:
5841:
5801:
5752:
5704:
5478:
5261:
5148:
4735:
4085:
4070:
4032:
3999:
3974:
3888:
3835:
3736:
3731:
3707:
3621:
3524:
3471:
3466:
2953:
2856:
2851:
2834:
2795:
2735:
2692:
2499:
2429:
2234:
1982:
1748:
1661:
626:
495:
340:
249:
4875:
262:
6815:
6542:
6395:
6237:
5939:
5283:
5202:
5068:
5045:
5028:
4879:
4804:
4728:
4249:
4155:
3764:
3719:
3714:
3565:
3534:
3439:
3322:
3160:
2913:
2846:
2839:
2829:
2677:
2414:
2275:
2204:
2179:
2039:
1972:
1888:
1756:
1703:
1699:
1657:
1078:
1063:
1027:
959:
947:
910:
902:
857:
838:
711:
692:
560:
462:
398:
330:
5243:
5050:
4242:
1639:
848:
6830:
6718:
6555:
6405:
5944:
5907:
5882:
5767:
5207:
5137:
5117:
5079:
4703:
4688:
4452:
Abū ʿAbdillāh Muḥāmmad ibn Karrām ibn Arrāk ibn Huzāba ibn al-Barā’ as-Sijjī
4259:
4184:
3994:
3955:
3942:
3917:
3823:
3612:
3584:
3461:
3415:
3333:
3032:
2933:
2918:
2908:
2743:
2705:
2682:
2644:
2555:
2285:
2279:
2269:
2257:
1730:
1691:
1592:
1082:
955:
826:
457:
318:
303:
5169:
6805:
6730:
6390:
6242:
6120:
5836:
5740:
5728:
5442:
5235:
5164:
4952:
Abū’l-Huzayl Muḥāmmad ibn al-Huzayl ibn Abdillāh al-Allāf al-Abdī al-Bāsrī
4892:
4870:
4861:
4761:
4238:
4054:
3989:
3682:
3579:
3570:
3476:
3230:
2898:
2817:
2748:
2612:
2109:
2049:
2024:
2005:
914:
822:
763:
715:
505:
335:
234:
4902:
4400:
4020:
6367:
5857:
5796:
5723:
5610:
5217:
4939:
4907:
4857:
4723:
4421:
4386:
4368:
4160:
3897:
3827:
3507:
3406:
2975:
2948:
2938:
2875:
2780:
2770:
2765:
2597:
2580:
2404:
2319:
2159:
2034:
906:
886:
674:
616:
435:
350:
345:
296:
229:
184:
169:
164:
154:
119:
6660:
5757:
5732:
4866:
4663:
4444:
4390:
4288:
4226:
4177:
4143:
4096:
4017:
3950:
3937:
3855:
3831:
3760:
3665:
3607:
3529:
3432:
2805:
2569:
2565:
2399:
2324:
2300:
2265:
2219:
2154:
2114:
2089:
2044:
2029:
2019:
878:
688:
490:
33:
2650:
Abū’l-Hūsayn Abdūrrāhīm ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Uthmān al-Hayyāt (Hayyātīyya)
2509:
Abū Abdirrahmān Bishr ibn Ghiyāth ibn Abī Karīma al-Marīsī al-Baghdādī
6375:
5806:
5621:
5121:
5109:
5087:
5018:
4931:
Abū Abdi’l-Lāh Ahmad ibn Abī Du'ad Faraj ibn Carīr ibn Mâlik al-Iyādī
4922:
4828:
4773:
4698:
4352:
4347:
4273:
4217:
3963:
3818:
3811:
3687:
3598:
3512:
3492:
3337:
3278:
2790:
2758:
2713:
Abū ʿAbdillāh al-Husayn ibn Muḥāmmad ibn ʿAbdillāh an-Najjār ar-Rāzī
2601:
2479:
2394:
2389:
2199:
2164:
2059:
2054:
935:
525:
410:
284:
42:
5112:
962:(d. 680) had been explicitly designated as successors of Muhammad.
6708:
6214:
6072:
6024:
5818:
5772:
5736:
5461:
5306:
5273:
5128:
5013:
5005:
4799:
4204:
4135:
4058:
4041:
3872:
3859:
3692:
3638:
3420:
2868:
2659:
2492:
2084:
1800:
1092:
1070:
985:
967:
927:
759:
743:
723:
658:
650:
415:
388:
374:
114:
6723:
6329:
6017:
5897:
5789:
5782:
5777:
5519:
5311:
5291:
5252:
5097:
4944:
Abū Hāshīm Abdu’s-Salām ibn Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb al-Jubbā'ī
4888:
4845:
4692:
4682:
4407:
4356:
4310:
4148:
4045:
3946:
3925:
3804:
3799:
3674:
3625:
3553:
3502:
3223:
3102:
2775:
2589:
2521:
1911:
1100:
971:
951:
931:
894:
866:
834:
707:
670:
666:
621:
291:
279:
274:
6247:
6221:
6180:
6141:
6058:
5971:
5892:
5747:
5693:
5688:
5455:
5379:
5316:
5296:
5177:
5141:
4330:
4233:
4170:
4049:
3892:
3846:
3326:
2635:
Abū Mūsā Isā ibn Subeyh (Sabīh) al-Murdār al-Bāsrī (Murdārīyya)
2593:
2540:
1964:
1875:
1663:
Revival and Reform in Islam: The Legacy of
Muhammad al-Shawkānī
853:
814:
751:
540:
480:
383:
364:
159:
149:
57:
2500:
Abū Muḥrīz Jahm ibn Ṣafwān ar-Rāsibī as-Samarqāndī at-Tirmidhī
1505:
1379:
1002:) which had to be made via public pronouncement to 'rise up' (
573:
6496:
6321:
6275:
6263:
6065:
6051:
6010:
5683:
5540:
5526:
5447:
5410:
5301:
4342:
3967:
3768:
3756:
2558:
2533:
2504:
1893:
1170:
1168:
1166:
997:
966:
for the imamate was left open to any qualified member of the
943:
939:
898:
882:
874:
778:
772:
696:
684:
654:
393:
369:
1309:
1180:
6162:
6134:
6084:
6031:
5976:
5547:
4995:
Abū’l-Kāsīm Abdullāh ibn Ahmad ibn Māhmūd al-Balhī al-Kā‘bī
2544:
2539:
Abū Muḥāmmad (Abū’l-Hākem) Heshām ibn Sālem al-Jawālikī al-
2469:
1420:
1418:
1307:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1289:
1128:
1057:
842:
790:
747:
735:
4955:
Abū Ma‘n Sūmāma ibn Ashras an-Nūmayrī al-Bāsrī al-Baghdādī
1250:
1226:
1163:
2903:
1517:
1481:
1367:
1331:
1319:
1274:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1153:
1151:
1149:
719:
2645:
Abū Alī Muḥāmmad ibn Abdi’l-Wahhāb ibn Sallām al-Jubbā'ī
1415:
1355:
1343:
1286:
869:, at the westernmost extremity of the Islamic world, by
1541:
1529:
1493:
1469:
1447:
1445:
934:
and prevailed in the 8th century, and the more radical
1262:
1216:
1214:
1192:
1146:
2697:
Abū Amr Ḍirār ibn Amr al-Gatafānī al-Kūfī (Ḍirārīyya)
2660:
Abū Uthmān Amr ibn Bhār ibn Māhbūb al-Jāhiz al-Kinānī
1553:
1457:
1391:
926:
Early Zaydis were divided in two camps, the moderate
4927:
Abū Sahl Bīshr ibn al-Mu‘tamīr al-Hilālī al-Baghdādī
2530:
Abu’l-Hassan Muqātil ibn Sulaymān ibn Bashīr al-Azdī
1442:
1430:
1403:
1132:
1106:
1098:
1090:
1055:
1031:
1021:
1015:
1009:
1003:
995:
983:
770:
640:
1211:
16:
Supreme political and religious leadership position
4971:Abū Bakr Muḥāmmad ibn Abdillāh ibn Shabīb al-Basrī
4919:Abū Amr (Abū Mu‘tamīr) Muāmmar ibn Abbād as-Sūlamī
2638:Hīshām ibn Amr al-Fuwātī ash-Shaybānī (Hīshāmīyya)
1742:
1685:
1238:
785:, accepting the rule of the Umayyad and later the
4464:Haisamīyya (Abū ʿAbdallāh Muhammad ibn al-Haisam)
6828:
3393:
2627:Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm ibn Sayyār ibn Hāni’ an-Nazzām
742:—i.e., those who ruled before Ali ibn Abi Talib—
4791:Abū Abdillāh Mugīre ibn Sāīd al-ʿIjlī el-Bajalī
2641:Abū Sahl Abbād ibn Sulaimān (Salmān) as-Sāymarī
982:and religious matters that qualified him as a
921:
5395:
3372:List of contemporary Muslim scholars of Islam
2722:Abū ʿAbdallāh Ibnū’z-Zā‘farānī (Zā‘farānīyya)
1816:
596:
766:) who followed al-Sadiq and his successors.
4470:Ishāqīyya (Abū Yaʿqūb Ishāq ibn Mahmashādh)
1717:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 1163–1169.
1112:
726:and fourth caliph), who in 740 launched an
647:political and religious leadership position
5402:
5388:
4491:Tarā'ifīyya (Ahmad ibn ʿAbdūs at-Tarā'ifī)
1843:
1823:
1809:
1770:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
1709:The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition
603:
589:
1778:. Leiden: E. J. Brill. pp. 477–481.
4093:Abd Allah ibn Muhammad ibn al-Hanafiyyah
2632:Abū Bakr Abdurrahmān ibn Kaysān al-Asāmm
1737:
1680:
1666:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
1604:. New York: Cambridge University Press.
1547:
1361:
1349:
1313:
1256:
1232:
1205:
1186:
1174:
1157:
1069:
847:
4316:Nafi ibn al-Azraq al-Hānafī al-Handhalī
1628:Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements
6829:
3673:
3316:Encyclopedia of the Brethren of Purity
1656:
1618:
1599:
1559:
1535:
1523:
1511:
1499:
1487:
1475:
1463:
1451:
1397:
1385:
1373:
1337:
1325:
1280:
1268:
1244:
6582:
6350:
5966:
5383:
3392:
2465:Kanthapuram A. P. Aboobacker Musliyar
1842:
1804:
1574:
1436:
1424:
1409:
1220:
860:, the first Zaydi ruler of Tabaristan
6351:
5967:
1830:
781:as infidels, their early imams were
4104:ʿAbd Allāh ibn al-Hārb ibn al-Kindi
630:
13:
14:
6858:
4476:Muhājirīyya (Ibrāhīm ibn Muhājir)
913:. In the 17th century, the Zaydi
6811:
6810:
6799:
6330:Schools of islamic jurisprudence
5578:Timeline of the history of Islam
5409:
4494:Tūnīyya (Abū Bakr ibn ʿAbdallāh)
2716:Abū Amr (Abū Yahyā) Hāfs al-Fard
2588:Abū Marwān Gaylān ibn Mūslīm ad-
2266:Abū Ḥanīfah al-Nu'mān ibn Thābit
1784:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_1385
1723:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_COM_0369
714:established by the followers of
572:
41:
6671:List of ex-Muslim organisations
5041:United Submitters International
4325:Abu Bayhas al-Hāytham ibn Jābir
3703:Alid dynasties of northern Iran
3056:Al-Mu'ayyad fi'l-Din al-Shirazi
1048:
905:ruled much of the highlands of
5335:Sunni schools of jurisprudence
4353:Abū Yazīd Mukhallad ibn Kayrād
3066:Abu'l-Fawaris Ahmad ibn Ya'qub
3061:Ahmad ibn Ibrahim al-Naysaburi
2719:Muḥāmmad ibn ʿĪsā (Burgūsīyya)
2340:Abu Ishaq al-Saffar al-Bukhari
885:on the southern shores of the
695:abandoned Zaydi doctrines for
1:
4767:al-Mufaddal ibn Umar al-Ju'fi
3093:Ali ibn Muhammad ibn al-Walid
1140:
976:Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib
6656:Apostasy in Islam by country
6533:Liberalism and progressivism
4455:ʿĀbidīyya (ʿUthmān al-ʿĀbid)
4396:Abd Allah ibn Wahb al-Rasibi
4377:'Abdullāh ibn Ibāḍ al-Tamimi
3395:Islamic schools and branches
2230:Abdullah ibn Alawi al-Haddad
2135:Izz al-Din ibn 'Abd al-Salam
1602:Shī'ī Islam: An Introduction
404:Bektashism and folk religion
7:
6847:Islamic belief and doctrine
4387:Abu Qudama Yazid ibn Fandin
3083:Hassan Ala Dhikrihi's Salam
2440:Muhammad Zakariya Kandhlawi
2375:Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi
1575:Eagle, A. B. D. R. (1994).
1133:
1107:
1099:
1091:
1056:
1032:
1022:
1016:
1010:
1004:
996:
984:
930:, that was closer to proto-
922:Eligibility for the imamate
803:Muhammad al-Nafs al-Zakiyya
771:
641:
10:
6863:
6583:
5138:Bandagi Mian Syed Khundmir
4583:Muhammad ibn Ziyād al-Kūfī
4336:Najdah ibn 'Amir al-Hānafī
4014:Nasir Khusraw al-Qubadiani
3498:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
2754:Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab
2385:Shams al-Din al-Samarqandi
2345:Abu al-Layth al-Samarqandi
2170:Abd al-Rahman al-Tha'alibi
1568:
793:revolts: the rebellion of
702:
699:ones in the 18th century.
653:sects, it is reserved for
6794:
6679:
6646:
6596:
6592:
6578:
6505:
6472:
6444:Geography and cartography
6419:
6366:
6362:
6346:
6172:
6094:
6041:
5990:
5986:
5962:
5832:
5714:
5674:
5557:
5509:
5433:
5429:
5418:
5329:
5282:
5234:
5188:
5078:
5065:
5004:
4901:
4844:
4827:
4714:
4662:
4653:
4592:
4509:
4443:
4420:
4367:
4287:
4272:
4202:
4069:
3912:
3776:
3751:
3727:Extinct Zaydi Shi'a sects
3664:
3564:
3414:
3405:
3401:
3388:
3362:
3307:
3254:
3150:
3143:
3101:
3071:Tayyibi Ismā'īlī doctrine
3031:
2889:
2786:Muqbil bin Hadi al-Wadi'i
2734:
2704:
2611:
2579:
2520:
2478:
2299:
2253:
2240:Muhammad Arafa al-Desouki
2215:Abu Ali al-Hassan al-Yusi
2065:Ibn Abi Zayd al-Qayrawani
2004:
1995:
1963:
1935:
1902:
1874:
1867:
1863:
1838:
1640:10.1163/9789004435544_013
942:, as was the case in the
811:al-Husayn ibn Ali al-Abid
6753:Islamic view of miracles
4756:Umayr ibn Bayān al-ʿIjlī
3631:Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi
3245:The Moderation in Belief
3126:Al-Hadi ila'l-Haqq Yahya
2864:Ahmad ibn Umar al-Hazimi
2435:Khalil Ahmad Saharanpuri
2365:Jamal al-Din al-Ghaznawi
1514:, pp. 16–18, 47–75.
551:Umm Farwah bint al-Qasim
6518:Creationism (evolution)
5213:Jamal ad-Din al-Afghani
4609:Hammād ibn Abū Sūlaimān
4527:Yūnus ibn Awn an-Namīrī
4299:Abd al-Karīm ibn Adjrād
3238:Divan-i Shams-i Tabrizi
3196:Al-Aqidah al-Tahawiyyah
3051:Hamid al-Din al-Kirmani
2455:Abd al-Ghani al-Nabulsi
2360:Akmal al-Din al-Babarti
2350:'Ala' al-Din al-Bukhari
2190:Al-Maqqari al-Tilmisani
2145:Shihab al-Din al-Qarafi
2080:Abu Ishaq al-Isfara'ini
1388:, p. 39 (note 17).
877:, and the mountains of
6768:Persecution of Muslims
6666:List of former Muslims
5583:Succession to Muhammad
4885:Galip Hassan Kuscuoglu
4467:Hīdīyya (Hīd ibn Saif)
3960:Baha al-Din al-Muqtana
3455:Khwaja Abdullah Ansari
3116:Ahmad ibn Isa ibn Zayd
3111:Abu'l-Jarud al-Hamdani
3046:Abu Yaqub al-Sijistani
3006:Agha Zia ol Din Araghi
2991:Mohammad-Baqer Majlesi
2671:Abu al-Husayn al-Basri
2666:Al-Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar
2425:Shah Waliullah Dehlawi
2335:Abu al-Mu'in al-Nasafi
2330:Abu al-Yusr al-Bazdawi
2315:Al-Hakim al-Samarqandi
2185:Jalal al-Din al-Dawani
2150:Abu Hayyan al-Gharnati
2075:Abu Mansur al-Baghdadi
1619:Haider, Najam (2021).
1600:Haider, Najam (2014).
1085:
1008:)—the terms 'rising' (
861:
795:Abd Allah ibn Mu'awiya
657:, i.e. descendants of
486:Khadija bint Khuwaylid
73:Succession to Muhammad
6562:Conversion to mosques
6429:Alchemy and chemistry
5154:Wallace Fard Muhammad
4111:Abdallah ibn Mu'awiya
3618:Fazl-e-Haq Khairabadi
3367:Early Muslim scholars
3175:Al-Farq bayn al-Firaq
2445:Rahmatullah Kairanawi
2195:Abd al-Rahman al-Fasi
2105:Abu Bakr ibn al-Arabi
1189:, pp. 1166–1167.
1073:
980:Islamic jurisprudence
851:
831:Muhammad ibn al-Qasim
821:(792), the revolt of
718:(a great-grandson of
680:Islamic jurisprudence
649:. In common to other
579:Shia Islam portal
205:Verse of purification
52:Beliefs and practices
6288:Ma malakat aymanukum
5863:Association football
4805:‘Ulyanīyya/'Alyaīyya
4600:Al-Harith ibn Surayj
3790:Theology of Twelvers
3635:Rashid Ahmad Gangohi
3182:Al-Milal wa al-Nihal
2981:Nasir al-Din al-Tusi
2380:Siraj al-Din al-Ushi
2370:Nur al-Din al-Sabuni
2355:Al-Sharif al-Jurjani
2175:Ibn Hajar al-Haytami
2140:Taqi al-Din al-Subki
2130:Sayf al-Din al-Amidi
2125:Fakhr al-Din al-Razi
2100:Abu al-Walid al-Baji
1634:. pp. 204–234.
783:politically quietist
722:, the son-in-law of
501:Umm Kulthum bint Ali
180:Mourning of Muharram
110:Mourning of Muharram
5034:Ghulam Ahmed Pervez
4781:Abū Mānsūr al-ʿIjlī
4753:ʿIjlīyya/Umayrīyya
4551:Abū Sawbān al-Murjī
4213:An-Nafs Az-Zakiyyah
3520:Other Salafi trends
3349:Musta'li Isma'ilism
3265:Eʿteqādātal-Emāmīya
2656:Ja'far ibn Mūbassīr
2420:Anwar Shah Kashmiri
2070:Zakariyya al-Ansari
1581:New Arabian Studies
1526:, pp. 217–218.
1490:, pp. 215–216.
1427:, pp. 107–108.
1376:, pp. 107–108.
1340:, pp. 105–106.
1328:, pp. 104–108.
1283:, pp. 215–220.
1259:, pp. 479–480.
1235:, pp. 478–479.
1177:, pp. 477–478.
728:unsuccessful revolt
516:Ruqayya bint Husayn
423:Extinct Shi'a sects
143:Days of remembrance
130:Arbaʽeen Pilgrimage
125:The Four Companions
6773:Quran and miracles
6687:Criticism of Islam
6401:Geometric patterns
6253:Gender segregation
5824:Non-denominational
5333:Other scholars of
5224:Islamic modernists
5198:Modernist Salafism
4854:Qutb ad-Dīn Haydar
4813:Abdullah ibn Saba'
4748:Muʿāmmar ibn Ahmar
4633:Ibrāhim ibn Yousūf
4621:Mūsā ibn Abū Kasīr
4612:Muhārīb ibn Dithār
4543:Abū Muāz at-Tūmanī
3865:Astarabadi (Naimi)
3595:Abdullah al-Harari
3549:Muhammad bin Dawud
3482:Syed Nazeer Husain
3217:Tabsirat al-Adilla
3131:Al-Mansur al-Qasim
2966:Al-Shaykh Al-Mufid
2813:Syed Nazeer Husain
2736:Salafi Theologians
2488:Al-Ja'd ibn Dirham
2460:Muhammad Abu Zahra
2245:Ahmad Zayni Dahlan
2095:Abdul Qadir Gilani
1086:
1014:) or 'emergence' (
871:Idris ibn Abdallah
862:
819:Yahya ibn Abdallah
336:Atba-i-Malak Bohra
263:Branches and sects
210:Two weighty things
6824:
6823:
6790:
6789:
6786:
6785:
6758:Domestic violence
6748:Islamic terrorism
6743:Islamic extremism
6574:
6573:
6570:
6569:
6342:
6341:
6338:
6337:
6128:Marriage contract
5958:
5957:
5918:Political aspects
5705:Story of Prophets
5474:Prophets of Islam
5377:
5376:
5373:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5325:
5324:
5134:Muhammad Jaunpuri
5061:
5060:
4987:Sumāma ibn Ashras
4823:
4822:
4674:Dāwūd al-Jawāribî
4649:
4648:
4519:Gaylān ibn Marwān
4416:
4415:
4268:
4267:
3931:Abdallah al-Aftah
3747:
3746:
3660:
3659:
3644:Necmettin Erbakan
3486:Siddiq Hasan Khan
3450:Al-Qadi Abu Ya'la
3384:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3358:
3357:
3298:Tajrid al-I'tiqad
3292:Tashih al-I'tiqad
3203:Al-Sawad al-A'zam
3139:
3138:
3121:Al-Qasim al-Rassi
3088:Idris Imad al-Din
3041:Al-Qadi al-Nu'man
3016:Ruhollah Khomeini
2996:Zurarah ibn A'yan
2971:Sharif al-Murtaza
2959:Muhammad al-Mahdi
2944:Muhammad al-Jawad
2924:Muhammad al-Baqir
2825:Siddiq Hasan Khan
2801:Rabee al-Madkhali
2450:Murtada al-Zabidi
2225:Ibrahim al-Bajuri
1991:
1990:
1793:978-90-04-12756-2
1649:978-90-04-43554-4
1611:978-1-107-03143-2
1538:, pp. 40–41.
1502:, pp. 28–30.
1478:, pp. 41–43.
1271:, pp. 15–16.
1097:) or 'summoner' (
1030:. Crucially, the
829:(814–815) and of
797:(744–747/8), the
787:Abbasid Caliphate
732:Umayyad Caliphate
720:Ali ibn Abi Talib
663:Ali ibn Abi Talib
645:) is the supreme
639:
613:
612:
546:Fatimah bint Asad
511:Fatima bint Hasan
240:Battle of Karbala
6854:
6814:
6813:
6806:Islam portal
6804:
6803:
6802:
6594:
6593:
6586:
6580:
6579:
6421:Medieval science
6364:
6363:
6354:
6348:
6347:
6005:Economic history
5988:
5987:
5964:
5963:
5950:Islam by country
5783:Bektashi Alevism
5431:
5430:
5422:Outline of Islam
5404:
5397:
5390:
5381:
5380:
5076:
5075:
4842:
4841:
4660:
4659:
4636:Nusayr ibn Yahyā
4618:Awn ibn Abdullāh
4605:Sa'id ibn Jubayr
4575:Ubayd al-Mūktaib
4441:
4440:
4285:
4284:
4254:ʿAjlan ibn Nawus
4223:Maḥmūd Pasīkhānī
4192:Khashabiyya Shia
4128:Bayān ibn Sam‘ān
4086:Abū ʿAmra Kaysān
3869:Imadaddin Nasimi
3774:
3773:
3671:
3670:
3542:Salafi Modernism
3445:Ahmad ibn Hanbal
3412:
3411:
3403:
3402:
3390:
3389:
3286:Awail Al Maqalat
3168:Al-Baz al-Ashhab
3148:
3147:
3078:Dhu'ayb ibn Musa
3033:Isma'ili Shi'ism
3021:Wilayat al-faqih
3001:Hisham ibn Hakam
2986:Allamah Al-Hilli
2210:Muhammad Mayyara
2002:
2001:
1872:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1840:
1839:
1832:Islamic theology
1825:
1818:
1811:
1802:
1801:
1797:
1765:Heinrichs, W. P.
1746:
1734:
1689:
1677:
1653:
1632:Brill Publishing
1625:
1615:
1596:
1563:
1557:
1551:
1545:
1539:
1533:
1527:
1521:
1515:
1509:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1461:
1455:
1449:
1440:
1434:
1428:
1422:
1413:
1407:
1401:
1395:
1389:
1383:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1353:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1329:
1323:
1317:
1311:
1284:
1278:
1272:
1266:
1260:
1254:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1218:
1209:
1203:
1190:
1184:
1178:
1172:
1161:
1155:
1136:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1110:
1104:
1096:
1075:Muhammad al-Badr
1061:
1035:
1025:
1019:
1013:
1007:
1001:
989:
940:Muslim community
776:
740:Rashidun caliphs
644:
634:
632:
605:
598:
591:
577:
576:
556:Ruqayya bint Ali
531:Fatima bint Musa
45:
36:
30:
29:
19:
18:
6862:
6861:
6857:
6856:
6855:
6853:
6852:
6851:
6827:
6826:
6825:
6820:
6800:
6798:
6782:
6704:Cultural Muslim
6675:
6642:
6598:Other religions
6588:
6584:
6566:
6501:
6468:
6415:
6358:
6356:Islamic studies
6352:
6334:
6168:
6113:
6090:
6037:
5982:
5981:
5954:
5903:Moral teachings
5846:
5828:
5802:Nation of Islam
5763:Twelver Shi'ism
5710:
5676:Religious texts
5670:
5588:Early conquests
5571:
5553:
5505:
5425:
5414:
5408:
5378:
5365:
5321:
5278:
5249:Ahmed Raza Khan
5230:
5184:
5174:Fethullah Gülen
5149:Nation of Islam
5070:
5067:
5057:
5000:
4977:Ahmad ibn Hābīt
4905:
4897:
4835:
4831:
4819:
4740:Bāzīgh ibn Mūsā
4710:
4645:
4630:Hālaf ibn Ayyūb
4588:
4505:
4434:
4431:
4428:
4424:
4412:
4363:
4276:
4264:
4198:
4072:
4065:
4033:Hassan-i Sabbah
3916:
3908:
3780:
3767:
3763:
3759:
3755:
3743:
3708:Hasan al-Utrush
3656:
3622:Ahmed Raza Khan
3568:
3560:
3467:Dawud al-Zahiri
3418:
3397:
3376:
3354:
3303:
3250:
3210:Kitab al-Tawhid
3135:
3097:
3027:
2954:Hasan al-Askari
2929:Ja'far al-Sadiq
2891:Twelver Shi'ism
2885:
2857:Salafi Jihadism
2852:Osama bin Laden
2835:Safar Al-Hawali
2796:Saleh Al-Fawzan
2730:
2700:
2693:Sahib ibn Abbad
2688:Ibn Abi'l-Hadid
2653:Ja'far ibn Harb
2618:Wasil ibn 'Ata'
2615:
2607:
2575:
2536:ī (Muqātilīyya)
2516:
2474:
2430:Shah Abdul Aziz
2303:
2295:
2249:
2235:Ahmad al-Dardir
2120:Ahmad al-Rifa'i
2008:
1987:
1959:
1931:
1898:
1859:
1858:
1834:
1829:
1794:
1757:Bosworth, C. E.
1674:
1658:Haykel, Bernard
1650:
1623:
1612:
1571:
1566:
1558:
1554:
1546:
1542:
1534:
1530:
1522:
1518:
1510:
1506:
1498:
1494:
1486:
1482:
1474:
1470:
1462:
1458:
1450:
1443:
1435:
1431:
1423:
1416:
1408:
1404:
1396:
1392:
1384:
1380:
1372:
1368:
1364:, p. 1167.
1360:
1356:
1352:, p. 1165.
1348:
1344:
1336:
1332:
1324:
1320:
1316:, p. 1166.
1312:
1287:
1279:
1275:
1267:
1263:
1255:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1219:
1212:
1204:
1193:
1185:
1181:
1173:
1164:
1156:
1147:
1143:
1124:
1121:
1118:
1115:
1051:
924:
805:(762–763), the
756:Ja'far al-Sadiq
710:is a branch of
705:
609:
571:
566:
565:
496:Zaynab bint Ali
476:
468:
467:
438:
428:
427:
341:Sulaymani Bohra
265:
255:
254:
225:Fatimah's house
200:
190:
189:
145:
135:
134:
53:
32:
31:
23:
22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6860:
6850:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6822:
6821:
6819:
6818:
6808:
6795:
6792:
6791:
6788:
6787:
6784:
6783:
6781:
6780:
6775:
6770:
6765:
6760:
6755:
6750:
6745:
6740:
6739:
6738:
6728:
6727:
6726:
6721:
6716:
6706:
6701:
6700:
6699:
6694:
6683:
6681:
6680:Related topics
6677:
6676:
6674:
6673:
6668:
6663:
6658:
6652:
6650:
6644:
6643:
6641:
6640:
6635:
6630:
6625:
6620:
6619:
6618:
6613:
6602:
6600:
6590:
6589:
6576:
6575:
6572:
6571:
6568:
6567:
6565:
6564:
6559:
6552:
6547:
6546:
6545:
6535:
6530:
6525:
6520:
6515:
6509:
6507:
6503:
6502:
6500:
6499:
6494:
6489:
6484:
6478:
6476:
6470:
6469:
6467:
6466:
6461:
6456:
6451:
6446:
6441:
6436:
6431:
6425:
6423:
6417:
6416:
6414:
6413:
6408:
6403:
6398:
6393:
6388:
6383:
6378:
6372:
6370:
6360:
6359:
6344:
6343:
6340:
6339:
6336:
6335:
6333:
6332:
6327:
6326:
6325:
6313:
6311:Sources of law
6308:
6303:
6302:
6301:
6291:
6284:
6279:
6272:
6267:
6260:
6255:
6250:
6245:
6240:
6235:
6230:
6225:
6218:
6211:
6210:
6209:
6204:
6199:
6189:
6184:
6176:
6174:
6170:
6169:
6167:
6166:
6159:
6152:
6145:
6138:
6131:
6124:
6116:
6114:
6112:
6111:
6106:
6101:
6095:
6092:
6091:
6089:
6088:
6081:
6076:
6069:
6062:
6055:
6047:
6045:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6035:
6028:
6021:
6014:
6007:
6002:
5996:
5994:
5984:
5983:
5980:
5979:
5974:
5968:
5960:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5935:Social welfare
5932:
5927:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5849:
5847:
5845:
5844:
5839:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5815:
5814:
5804:
5799:
5794:
5793:
5792:
5787:
5786:
5785:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5755:
5750:
5745:
5744:
5743:
5720:
5718:
5712:
5711:
5709:
5708:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5680:
5678:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5668:
5667:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5619:
5614:
5607:
5600:
5598:Historiography
5595:
5590:
5585:
5580:
5574:
5572:
5570:
5569:
5564:
5558:
5555:
5554:
5552:
5551:
5544:
5537:
5530:
5523:
5515:
5513:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5503:
5498:
5493:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5470:
5469:
5459:
5452:
5451:
5450:
5439:
5437:
5427:
5426:
5419:
5416:
5415:
5407:
5406:
5399:
5392:
5384:
5375:
5374:
5371:
5370:
5367:
5366:
5364:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5330:
5327:
5326:
5323:
5322:
5320:
5319:
5314:
5309:
5304:
5299:
5294:
5288:
5286:
5280:
5279:
5277:
5276:
5271:
5270:
5269:
5264:
5255:
5240:
5238:
5232:
5231:
5229:
5228:
5227:
5226:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5203:Muhammad Abduh
5194:
5192:
5186:
5185:
5183:
5182:
5181:
5180:
5162:
5161:
5160:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5126:
5125:
5124:
5107:
5106:
5105:
5100:
5095:
5084:
5082:
5073:
5063:
5062:
5059:
5058:
5056:
5055:
5054:
5053:
5048:
5046:Rashad Khalifa
5038:
5037:
5036:
5031:
5029:Muhammad Iqbal
5021:
5016:
5010:
5008:
5002:
5001:
4999:
4998:
4997:
4996:
4990:
4989:
4988:
4982:
4981:
4980:
4979:
4978:
4972:
4969:
4963:
4960:
4959:
4958:
4957:
4956:
4947:
4946:
4945:
4937:
4936:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4920:
4913:
4911:
4899:
4898:
4896:
4895:
4882:
4880:Bektashi Order
4873:
4864:
4850:
4848:
4839:
4825:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4818:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4807:
4802:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4792:
4784:
4783:
4782:
4776:
4771:
4770:
4769:
4759:
4758:
4757:
4751:
4750:
4749:
4743:
4742:
4741:
4733:
4732:
4731:
4729:Abu al-Khattab
4720:
4718:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4707:
4706:
4701:
4696:
4687:Abū Hulmān al-
4680:
4677:
4676:
4675:
4668:
4666:
4657:
4651:
4650:
4647:
4646:
4644:
4643:
4642:Amr ibn Murrah
4640:
4639:Ahmad ibn Hārb
4637:
4634:
4631:
4628:
4627:Salm ibn Sālem
4625:
4622:
4619:
4616:
4613:
4610:
4607:
4602:
4596:
4594:
4590:
4589:
4587:
4586:
4585:
4584:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4570:
4569:
4568:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4559:Sāleh ibn Umar
4554:
4553:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4544:
4538:
4537:
4536:
4535:Gassān al-Kūfī
4530:
4529:
4528:
4522:
4521:
4520:
4513:
4511:
4507:
4506:
4504:
4503:
4502:
4501:
4498:
4495:
4492:
4489:
4486:
4483:
4480:
4477:
4474:
4471:
4468:
4465:
4462:
4459:
4456:
4449:
4447:
4438:
4418:
4417:
4414:
4413:
4411:
4410:
4405:
4404:
4403:
4393:
4384:
4382:Jābir ibn Zayd
4379:
4373:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4362:
4361:
4360:
4359:
4350:
4340:
4339:
4338:
4328:
4327:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4308:
4307:
4306:
4303:
4300:
4293:
4291:
4282:
4270:
4269:
4266:
4265:
4263:
4262:
4257:
4256:
4255:
4250:Tawussite Shia
4247:
4246:
4245:
4231:
4230:
4229:
4215:
4209:
4207:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4196:
4195:
4194:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4181:
4180:
4175:
4174:
4173:
4168:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4133:
4132:
4131:
4130:
4129:
4123:
4122:
4121:
4118:
4117:
4116:
4113:
4105:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4077:
4075:
4067:
4066:
4064:
4063:
4062:
4061:
4052:
4039:
4025:
4024:
4023:
4011:
4010:
4009:
4004:
4003:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3972:
3971:
3970:
3953:
3935:
3934:
3933:
3922:
3920:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3904:
3895:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3862:
3844:
3843:
3842:
3816:
3815:
3814:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3786:
3784:
3771:
3749:
3748:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3734:
3724:
3723:
3722:
3720:Imams of Yemen
3717:
3715:Yahya ibn Umar
3712:
3711:
3710:
3700:
3695:
3690:
3679:
3677:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3658:
3657:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3641:
3628:
3605:
3604:
3603:
3602:
3601:
3587:
3576:
3574:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3557:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3545:
3544:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3469:
3459:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3447:
3437:
3436:
3435:
3426:
3424:
3409:
3399:
3398:
3386:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3378:
3377:
3375:
3374:
3369:
3363:
3360:
3359:
3356:
3355:
3353:
3352:
3341:
3330:
3323:Kitab al-Majmu
3319:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3301:
3294:
3289:
3282:
3275:
3268:
3260:
3258:
3252:
3251:
3249:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3227:
3220:
3213:
3206:
3199:
3192:
3185:
3178:
3171:
3164:
3161:Asas al-Taqdis
3156:
3154:
3145:
3141:
3140:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3133:
3128:
3123:
3118:
3113:
3107:
3105:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3037:
3035:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3013:
3011:Ja'far Sobhani
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2914:Husayn ibn Ali
2911:
2906:
2895:
2893:
2887:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2873:
2872:
2871:
2861:
2860:
2859:
2849:
2847:Salman al-Ouda
2844:
2843:
2842:
2840:Sahwa movement
2832:
2830:Zubair Ali Zai
2827:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2810:
2809:
2808:
2798:
2793:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2751:
2746:
2740:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2710:
2708:
2702:
2701:
2699:
2698:
2695:
2690:
2685:
2680:
2678:Al-Zamakhshari
2675:
2674:
2673:
2663:
2657:
2654:
2651:
2648:
2642:
2639:
2636:
2633:
2630:
2623:
2621:
2609:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2585:
2583:
2577:
2576:
2574:
2573:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2553:
2537:
2526:
2524:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2514:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2510:
2497:
2496:
2495:
2484:
2482:
2476:
2475:
2473:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2415:Ahmad Sirhindi
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2311:
2309:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2283:
2276:Malik ibn Anas
2273:
2262:
2260:
2251:
2250:
2248:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2172:
2167:
2162:
2157:
2152:
2147:
2142:
2137:
2132:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2112:
2107:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2082:
2077:
2072:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2040:Al-Shahrastani
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2016:
2014:
1999:
1993:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1986:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1969:
1967:
1961:
1960:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1941:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1908:
1906:
1900:
1899:
1897:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1880:
1878:
1869:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1853:
1848:
1844:
1836:
1835:
1828:
1827:
1820:
1813:
1805:
1799:
1798:
1792:
1761:van Donzel, E.
1749:Bearman, P. J.
1735:
1678:
1672:
1654:
1648:
1616:
1610:
1597:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1562:, p. 217.
1552:
1550:, p. 479.
1540:
1528:
1516:
1504:
1492:
1480:
1468:
1466:, p. 215.
1456:
1441:
1439:, p. 108.
1429:
1414:
1412:, p. 107.
1402:
1400:, p. 214.
1390:
1378:
1366:
1354:
1342:
1330:
1318:
1285:
1273:
1261:
1249:
1237:
1225:
1223:, p. 109.
1210:
1208:, p. 478.
1191:
1179:
1162:
1160:, p. 477.
1144:
1142:
1139:
1064:Bernard Haykel
1050:
1047:
1040:The historian
1028:Battle of Badr
923:
920:
911:Ottoman Empire
903:Imams of Yemen
881:, Daylam, and
858:Hasan ibn Zayd
839:Yahya ibn Umar
837:(834), and of
704:
701:
693:Imams of Yemen
611:
610:
608:
607:
600:
593:
585:
582:
581:
568:
567:
564:
563:
561:Sayyida Nafisa
558:
553:
548:
543:
538:
536:Hakimah Khātūn
533:
528:
523:
518:
513:
508:
503:
498:
493:
488:
483:
477:
474:
473:
470:
469:
466:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
439:
434:
433:
430:
429:
426:
425:
420:
419:
418:
413:
408:
407:
406:
396:
391:
381:
380:
379:
378:
377:
372:
362:
361:
360:
355:
354:
353:
348:
343:
338:
333:
331:Hebtiahs Bohra
328:
327:
326:
301:
300:
299:
289:
288:
287:
282:
277:
266:
261:
260:
257:
256:
253:
252:
247:
242:
237:
232:
227:
222:
217:
212:
207:
201:
196:
195:
192:
191:
188:
187:
182:
177:
172:
167:
162:
157:
152:
146:
141:
140:
137:
136:
133:
132:
127:
122:
117:
112:
107:
102:
97:
96:
95:
90:
85:
75:
70:
65:
60:
54:
51:
50:
47:
46:
38:
37:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6859:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6834:
6832:
6817:
6809:
6807:
6797:
6796:
6793:
6779:
6776:
6774:
6771:
6769:
6766:
6764:
6761:
6759:
6756:
6754:
6751:
6749:
6746:
6744:
6741:
6737:
6734:
6733:
6732:
6729:
6725:
6722:
6720:
6719:Post-Islamism
6717:
6715:
6712:
6711:
6710:
6707:
6705:
6702:
6698:
6695:
6693:
6690:
6689:
6688:
6685:
6684:
6682:
6678:
6672:
6669:
6667:
6664:
6662:
6659:
6657:
6654:
6653:
6651:
6649:
6645:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6617:
6616:Protestantism
6614:
6612:
6609:
6608:
6607:
6604:
6603:
6601:
6599:
6595:
6591:
6581:
6577:
6563:
6560:
6558:
6557:
6553:
6551:
6548:
6544:
6541:
6540:
6539:
6536:
6534:
6531:
6529:
6526:
6524:
6521:
6519:
6516:
6514:
6511:
6510:
6508:
6504:
6498:
6495:
6493:
6490:
6488:
6485:
6483:
6480:
6479:
6477:
6475:
6471:
6465:
6462:
6460:
6459:Ophthalmology
6457:
6455:
6452:
6450:
6447:
6445:
6442:
6440:
6437:
6435:
6432:
6430:
6427:
6426:
6424:
6422:
6418:
6412:
6409:
6407:
6404:
6402:
6399:
6397:
6394:
6392:
6389:
6387:
6384:
6382:
6379:
6377:
6374:
6373:
6371:
6369:
6365:
6361:
6357:
6349:
6345:
6331:
6328:
6324:
6323:
6319:
6318:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6300:
6297:
6296:
6295:
6292:
6290:
6289:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6277:
6273:
6271:
6268:
6266:
6265:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6249:
6246:
6244:
6241:
6239:
6236:
6234:
6231:
6229:
6226:
6224:
6223:
6219:
6217:
6216:
6212:
6208:
6207:Death penalty
6205:
6203:
6200:
6198:
6195:
6194:
6193:
6190:
6188:
6185:
6183:
6182:
6178:
6177:
6175:
6173:Other aspects
6171:
6165:
6164:
6160:
6158:
6157:
6153:
6151:
6150:
6146:
6144:
6143:
6139:
6137:
6136:
6132:
6130:
6129:
6125:
6123:
6122:
6118:
6117:
6115:
6110:
6107:
6105:
6102:
6100:
6097:
6096:
6093:
6087:
6086:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6075:
6074:
6070:
6068:
6067:
6063:
6061:
6060:
6056:
6054:
6053:
6049:
6048:
6046:
6044:
6040:
6034:
6033:
6029:
6027:
6026:
6022:
6020:
6019:
6015:
6013:
6012:
6008:
6006:
6003:
6001:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5993:
5989:
5985:
5978:
5977:Jurisprudence
5975:
5973:
5970:
5969:
5965:
5961:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5925:
5921:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5869:
5866:
5864:
5861:
5859:
5856:
5854:
5851:
5850:
5848:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5831:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5808:
5805:
5803:
5800:
5798:
5795:
5791:
5788:
5784:
5781:
5780:
5779:
5776:
5774:
5771:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5761:
5760:
5759:
5756:
5754:
5751:
5749:
5746:
5742:
5738:
5734:
5730:
5727:
5726:
5725:
5722:
5721:
5719:
5717:
5716:Denominations
5713:
5707:
5706:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5673:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5655:
5652:
5650:
5647:
5645:
5642:
5640:
5637:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5629:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5620:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5612:
5608:
5606:
5605:
5601:
5599:
5596:
5594:
5591:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5581:
5579:
5576:
5575:
5573:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5556:
5550:
5549:
5545:
5543:
5542:
5538:
5536:
5535:
5531:
5529:
5528:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5512:
5508:
5502:
5501:Holiest sites
5499:
5497:
5496:Judgement Day
5494:
5492:
5491:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5468:
5465:
5464:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5457:
5453:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5441:
5440:
5438:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5424:
5423:
5417:
5412:
5405:
5400:
5398:
5393:
5391:
5386:
5385:
5382:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5336:
5332:
5331:
5328:
5318:
5315:
5313:
5310:
5308:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5298:
5295:
5293:
5290:
5289:
5287:
5285:
5284:Other beliefs
5281:
5275:
5272:
5268:
5265:
5263:
5259:
5258:Hilmi Tunahan
5256:
5254:
5250:
5247:
5246:
5245:
5242:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5233:
5225:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5208:Muhammad Asad
5206:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5199:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5191:
5187:
5179:
5175:
5171:
5168:
5167:
5166:
5163:
5159:
5155:
5152:
5151:
5150:
5147:
5143:
5139:
5135:
5132:
5131:
5130:
5127:
5123:
5119:
5118:Sabbatai Zevi
5116:
5115:
5114:
5111:
5108:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5090:
5089:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5081:
5077:
5074:
5072:
5064:
5052:
5049:
5047:
5044:
5043:
5042:
5039:
5035:
5032:
5030:
5027:
5026:
5025:
5022:
5020:
5017:
5015:
5012:
5011:
5009:
5007:
5003:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4986:
4985:
4983:
4976:
4975:
4973:
4970:
4968:Ali al-Aswarī
4967:
4966:
4964:
4961:
4954:
4953:
4951:
4950:
4948:
4943:
4942:
4941:
4938:
4932:
4929:
4926:
4925:
4924:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4909:
4904:
4900:
4894:
4890:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4877:
4874:
4872:
4868:
4865:
4863:
4859:
4855:
4852:
4851:
4849:
4847:
4843:
4840:
4837:
4830:
4826:
4814:
4811:
4810:
4808:
4806:
4803:
4801:
4798:
4795:
4790:
4789:
4788:
4785:
4780:
4779:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4768:
4765:
4764:
4763:
4760:
4755:
4754:
4752:
4747:
4746:
4745:Muʿāmmarīyya
4744:
4739:
4738:
4737:
4734:
4730:
4727:
4726:
4725:
4722:
4721:
4719:
4717:
4713:
4705:
4702:
4700:
4697:
4694:
4690:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4681:
4678:
4673:
4672:
4670:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4641:
4638:
4635:
4632:
4629:
4626:
4623:
4620:
4617:
4614:
4611:
4608:
4606:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4597:
4595:
4591:
4582:
4581:
4579:
4574:
4573:
4571:
4566:
4565:
4563:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4550:
4549:
4547:
4542:
4541:
4539:
4534:
4533:
4531:
4526:
4525:
4523:
4518:
4517:
4515:
4514:
4512:
4508:
4499:
4496:
4493:
4490:
4487:
4484:
4481:
4478:
4475:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4463:
4460:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4442:
4439:
4436:
4430:
4423:
4419:
4409:
4406:
4402:
4399:
4398:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4388:
4385:
4383:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4366:
4358:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4341:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4332:
4329:
4324:
4323:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4313:
4312:
4309:
4304:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4295:
4294:
4292:
4290:
4286:
4283:
4280:
4275:
4271:
4261:
4260:Waqifite Shia
4258:
4253:
4252:
4251:
4248:
4244:
4240:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4232:
4228:
4224:
4221:
4220:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4206:
4201:
4193:
4190:
4186:
4185:Ishaq al-Turk
4183:
4179:
4176:
4172:
4169:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4162:
4159:
4158:
4157:
4154:
4150:
4147:
4146:
4145:
4142:
4141:
4139:
4138:
4137:
4134:
4127:
4126:
4124:
4119:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4098:
4094:
4091:
4087:
4084:
4083:
4082:
4079:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4068:
4060:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4029:
4026:
4022:
4019:
4015:
4012:
4008:
4005:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3987:
3986:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3976:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3961:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3948:
3944:
3943:Hamdan Qarmat
3941:
3940:
3939:
3936:
3932:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3924:
3923:
3921:
3919:
3915:
3911:
3903:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3885:
3882:
3878:
3874:
3870:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3850:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3841:
3840:Safavid Islam
3837:
3833:
3829:
3825:
3824:Sheikh Haydar
3822:
3821:
3820:
3817:
3813:
3810:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3797:
3796:
3793:
3792:
3791:
3788:
3787:
3785:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3728:
3725:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3709:
3706:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3685:
3684:
3681:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3672:
3669:
3667:
3663:
3649:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3636:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3614:
3611:
3610:
3609:
3606:
3600:
3596:
3593:
3592:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3582:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3567:
3563:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3543:
3540:
3536:
3533:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3521:
3518:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3480:
3479:
3478:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3460:
3456:
3453:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3434:
3431:
3430:
3428:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3417:
3416:Ahl al-Hadith
3413:
3410:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3396:
3391:
3387:
3373:
3370:
3368:
3365:
3364:
3361:
3351:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3340:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3329:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3313:
3312:
3310:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3287:
3283:
3281:
3280:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3269:
3267:
3266:
3262:
3261:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3247:
3246:
3242:
3240:
3239:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3214:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3193:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3184:
3183:
3179:
3177:
3176:
3172:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3146:
3142:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3103:Zaydi Shi'ism
3100:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3069:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3022:
3019:
3018:
3017:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2934:Musa al-Kazim
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2919:Ali al-Sajjad
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2909:Hasan ibn Ali
2907:
2905:
2902:
2901:
2900:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2892:
2888:
2880:Post-Salafism
2879:
2878:
2877:
2874:
2870:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2862:
2858:
2855:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2831:
2828:
2826:
2823:
2819:
2816:
2815:
2814:
2811:
2807:
2804:
2803:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2789:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2760:
2757:
2756:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2744:Ibn Taymiyyah
2742:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2733:
2725:Mustadrakīyya
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2714:
2712:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2703:
2696:
2694:
2691:
2689:
2686:
2684:
2683:Amr ibn Ubayd
2681:
2679:
2676:
2672:
2669:
2668:
2667:
2664:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2614:
2610:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2578:
2571:
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2535:
2531:
2528:
2527:
2525:
2523:
2519:
2508:
2507:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2498:
2494:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2477:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2291:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2277:
2274:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2252:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2178:
2176:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2166:
2163:
2161:
2158:
2156:
2153:
2151:
2148:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2138:
2136:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2116:
2113:
2111:
2108:
2106:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2096:
2093:
2091:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2073:
2071:
2068:
2066:
2063:
2061:
2058:
2056:
2053:
2051:
2048:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2015:
2012:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1962:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1934:
1928:
1925:
1923:
1920:
1918:
1915:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1854:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1826:
1821:
1819:
1814:
1812:
1807:
1806:
1803:
1795:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1771:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1753:Bianquis, Th.
1750:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1732:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1710:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1696:Ménage, V. L.
1693:
1688:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1673:0-521-81628-9
1669:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1594:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1573:
1572:
1561:
1556:
1549:
1548:Madelung 2002
1544:
1537:
1532:
1525:
1520:
1513:
1508:
1501:
1496:
1489:
1484:
1477:
1472:
1465:
1460:
1454:, p. 40.
1453:
1448:
1446:
1438:
1433:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1411:
1406:
1399:
1394:
1387:
1382:
1375:
1370:
1363:
1362:Madelung 1971
1358:
1351:
1350:Madelung 1971
1346:
1339:
1334:
1327:
1322:
1315:
1314:Madelung 1971
1310:
1308:
1306:
1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1290:
1282:
1277:
1270:
1265:
1258:
1257:Madelung 2002
1253:
1246:
1241:
1234:
1233:Madelung 2002
1229:
1222:
1217:
1215:
1207:
1206:Madelung 2002
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1188:
1187:Madelung 1971
1183:
1176:
1175:Madelung 2002
1171:
1169:
1167:
1159:
1158:Madelung 2002
1154:
1152:
1150:
1145:
1138:
1135:
1130:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1095:
1094:
1084:
1083:King of Yemen
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1065:
1060:
1059:
1046:
1043:
1038:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1018:
1012:
1006:
1000:
999:
991:
988:
987:
981:
977:
973:
969:
963:
961:
958:(d. 670) and
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
919:
916:
912:
908:
904:
900:
896:
892:
891:Zaydi emirate
888:
884:
880:
876:
872:
868:
859:
855:
850:
846:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
775:
774:
767:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
700:
698:
694:
690:
686:
681:
676:
672:
669:. Unlike the
668:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
643:
637:
628:
624:
623:
618:
606:
601:
599:
594:
592:
587:
586:
584:
583:
580:
575:
570:
569:
562:
559:
557:
554:
552:
549:
547:
544:
542:
539:
537:
534:
532:
529:
527:
524:
522:
519:
517:
514:
512:
509:
507:
504:
502:
499:
497:
494:
492:
489:
487:
484:
482:
479:
478:
472:
471:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
440:
437:
432:
431:
424:
421:
417:
414:
412:
409:
405:
402:
401:
400:
397:
395:
392:
390:
387:
386:
385:
382:
376:
373:
371:
368:
367:
366:
363:
359:
356:
352:
349:
347:
344:
342:
339:
337:
334:
332:
329:
325:
322:
321:
320:
319:Dawoodi Bohra
317:
316:
315:
312:
311:
310:
307:
306:
305:
302:
298:
295:
294:
293:
290:
286:
283:
281:
278:
276:
273:
272:
271:
268:
267:
264:
259:
258:
251:
248:
246:
243:
241:
238:
236:
233:
231:
228:
226:
223:
221:
218:
216:
213:
211:
208:
206:
203:
202:
199:
194:
193:
186:
183:
181:
178:
176:
175:Eid al-Ghadir
173:
171:
168:
166:
163:
161:
158:
156:
153:
151:
148:
147:
144:
139:
138:
131:
128:
126:
123:
121:
118:
116:
113:
111:
108:
106:
103:
101:
98:
94:
91:
89:
86:
84:
81:
80:
79:
76:
74:
71:
69:
66:
64:
61:
59:
56:
55:
49:
48:
44:
40:
39:
35:
27:
21:
20:
6731:Islamophobia
6606:Christianity
6554:
6487:Contemporary
6381:Architecture
6320:
6286:
6274:
6262:
6220:
6213:
6179:
6161:
6156:Nikah mut'ah
6154:
6147:
6140:
6133:
6126:
6119:
6083:
6071:
6064:
6057:
6050:
6030:
6023:
6016:
6009:
5922:
5703:
5627:
5609:
5602:
5546:
5539:
5532:
5525:
5518:
5511:Five Pillars
5488:
5454:
5443:God in Islam
5420:
5267:Other orders
5172: /
5165:Nur movement
5136: /
5093:Mirza Ghulam
5024:Tolu-e-Islam
4893:Galibi Order
4891: /
4876:Balım Sultan
4871:Babai revolt
4862:Qalandariyya
4860: /
4762:Mufaḍḍaliyya
4671:Jawārībīyya
4624:Umar ibn Zar
4593:Other Murjīs
4322:Bayhasīyyah
4239:Nuqta-yi Ula
4055:Pir Sadardin
4048: /
3962: /
3958: /
3875: /
3867: /
3854: /
3834: /
3830: /
3826: /
3697:
3683:Zayd ibn Ali
3633: /
3620: /
3571:Ilm al-Kalam
3484: /
3477:Ahl-i Hadith
3345:Umm al-kitab
3343:
3332:
3321:
3314:
3296:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3243:
3236:
3231:Fihi Ma Fihi
3229:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3201:
3194:
3187:
3180:
3173:
3166:
3159:
2899:Twelve Imams
2818:Ahl-i Hadith
2749:Ibnul Qayyim
2629:(Nazzāmīyya)
2110:Ibn al-Jawzi
2050:Al-Taftazani
2025:Al-Baqillani
1775:
1768:
1739:Madelung, W.
1714:
1707:
1682:Madelung, W.
1662:
1627:
1601:
1584:
1580:
1555:
1543:
1531:
1519:
1507:
1495:
1483:
1471:
1459:
1432:
1405:
1393:
1381:
1369:
1357:
1345:
1333:
1321:
1276:
1264:
1252:
1247:, p. 8.
1240:
1228:
1182:
1087:
1052:
1049:Implications
1042:Najam Haider
1039:
992:
964:
925:
915:Qasimi State
863:
823:Ibn Tabataba
768:
730:against the
716:Zayd ibn Ali
706:
620:
614:
506:Umm al-Banin
235:Second Fitna
115:Intercession
105:Judgment Day
92:
6842:Zaydi imams
6506:Other areas
6497:Theological
6492:Eschatology
6449:Mathematics
6386:Calligraphy
6316:Theological
6270:Inheritance
6187:Cleanliness
5617:Shi'a Imams
5611:Ahl al-Bayt
5218:Rashid Rida
5066:Independent
5051:Edip Yüksel
5014:Ahle Qur'an
4965:Nazzāmīyya
4962:Ikhshīdiyya
4949:Huzaylīyya
4940:Bahshamiyya
4916:Mā’marīyya
4908:Rationalism
4858:Malamatiyya
4778:Mānsūrīyya
4724:Khaṭṭābiyya
4655:Mu'shabbiha
4615:Sābit Kutna
4548:Sawbānīyya
4532:Gassānīyya
4516:Gaylānīyya
4510:Other sects
4305:Sa'labīyyah
4302:Maymunīyyah
4279:Arbitration
4161:Khurramites
4125:Sam‘ānīyya
3898:Bābā Rexheb
3828:Shah Ismail
3648:Millî Görüş
3566:Ahl ar-Ra'y
3508:Al-Uthaymin
3429:Kullabiyya
3407:Sunni Islam
3308:Independent
3152:Sunni books
2976:Shaykh Tusi
2949:Ali al-Hadi
2939:Ali al-Rida
2876:Yasir Qadhi
2781:Al-Uthaymin
2771:Rashid Rida
2766:Al-Shawkani
2662:(Jāhizīyya)
2647:(Jubbāīyya)
2551:Jawālikīyya
2405:Ali al-Qari
2320:Al-Sarakhsi
2306:Al-Maturidi
2180:Al-Sha'rani
2160:Ibn Khaldun
2035:Al-Qushayri
1997:Theologians
1978:Metaphysics
1884:Eschatology
1851:Theologians
1713:Volume III:
1704:Schacht, J.
1700:Pellat, Ch.
1587:: 103–122.
1560:Haider 2021
1536:Haider 2014
1524:Haider 2021
1512:Haykel 2003
1500:Haykel 2003
1488:Haider 2021
1476:Haider 2014
1464:Haider 2021
1452:Haider 2014
1398:Haider 2021
1386:Haider 2014
1374:Haider 2014
1338:Haider 2014
1326:Haider 2014
1281:Haider 2021
1269:Haykel 2003
1245:Haykel 2003
948:Mu'tazilism
907:Upper Yemen
887:Caspian Sea
813:(786), the
712:Shi'a Islam
617:Zaydi Islam
436:Ahl al-Kisa
351:Qutbi Bohra
346:Alavi Bohra
324:Progressive
250:Persecution
230:First Fitna
185:Omar Koshan
170:Eid al-Adha
165:Eid al-Fitr
68:Prophethood
6831:Categories
6661:Ex-Muslims
6556:Shu'ubiyya
6550:Psychology
6538:Literature
6528:Inventions
6474:Philosophy
6282:Leadership
6258:Honorifics
5913:Philosophy
5768:Isma'ilism
5733:Maturidism
5622:Caliphates
5593:Golden Age
5484:Revelation
5262:Süleymancı
5170:Said Nursî
5129:Mahdavīyya
5080:Messianism
4984:Sumamīyya
4974:Hābītīyya
4867:Baba Ishak
4809:Saba'īyya
4796:Mukhāmmīsa
4787:Mughīrīyya
4774:Ghurābīyya
4736:Bāzīghiyya
4704:Bārāq Bābā
4683:Hulmānīyya
4580:Ziyādīyya
4572:Ubaydīyya
4564:Shamrīyya
4556:Sālehīyya
4540:Tūmanīyya
4524:Yūnusīyya
4485:Sauwāqīyya
4461:Hakāiqīyya
4445:Karrāmīyya
4435:Hanafiyyah
4289:Kharijites
4227:Nuktawiyya
4178:al-Muqanna
4156:Muḥammirah
4144:Abu Muslim
4140:Rezāmīyya
4115:Hārithīyya
4107:Janāhiyya
4097:Hashimiyya
4071:Kaysanites
4018:Badakhshan
3951:Qarmatians
3938:Batiniyyah
3918:Isma'ilism
3889:Demir Bābā
3884:Baktāshism
3877:Bektashism
3856:ibn Nusayr
3852:al-Khaṣībī
3836:Kul Nesîmî
3832:Pir Sultan
3737:Khalafiyya
3732:Dukayniyya
3666:Shia Islam
3608:Maturidism
3530:Madkhalism
3433:Ibn Kullab
3256:Shia books
2806:Madkhalism
2706:Najjārīyya
2596:al-Qībtī (
2570:Karramiyya
2566:Ibn Karram
2522:Mu'jassimā
2410:Al-Maydani
2400:Ali Qushji
2325:Al-Bazdawi
2301:Maturidism
2286:Al-Shafi'i
2155:Al-Baydawi
2115:Qadi Ayyad
2090:Ibn Tumart
2045:Al-Ghazali
2030:Al-Juwayni
2020:Al-Bayhaqi
2011:al-Ash'ari
1983:Philosophy
1904:Philosophy
1774:Volume XI:
1744:"Zaydiyya"
1437:Eagle 1994
1425:Eagle 1994
1410:Eagle 1994
1221:Eagle 1994
1141:References
1122:precursors
946:school of
879:Tabaristan
817:revolt of
689:Tabaristan
491:Umm Salama
475:Holy women
63:Holy Books
58:Monotheism
34:Shia Islam
6837:Zaidiyyah
6778:Symbolism
6736:Incidents
6714:Criticism
6611:Mormonism
6513:Astrology
6439:Cosmology
6434:Astronomy
6376:Arabesque
6243:Etiquette
6202:Blasphemy
5992:Economics
5807:Ahmadiyya
5741:Mu'tazili
5729:Ash'arism
5190:Modernism
5122:Sabbatean
5110:Kabbalist
5088:Ahmadiyya
5019:Kala Kato
4992:Kā‘bīyya
4923:Bishriyya
4903:Muʿtazila
4836:al-Juhani
4829:Qadariyah
4699:Kalandars
4679:Hāshwīyya
4567:Abū Shamr
4500:Zarībīyya
4497:Wāhidīyya
4488:Sūramīyya
4482:Razīnīyya
4458:Dhīmmīyya
4427:Hasan ibn
4401:Wahbiyyah
4348:Abu Qurra
4274:Muhakkima
4218:Hurufiyya
4205:Mahdiists
4120:Riyāhīyya
4101:Hārbīyya
4042:Aga Khans
4037:Assassins
4000:Sulaymani
3964:ad-Darazi
3902:Hārābātīs
3819:Qizilbash
3812:Shaykhism
3688:Jarudiyya
3599:Al-Ahbash
3580:Ash'arism
3513:Al-Albani
3493:Wahhabism
3338:Ahmadiyya
3279:Al-Khisal
3189:Al-Irshad
3144:Key books
2791:Al-Albani
2759:Wahhabism
2613:Mu'tazila
2602:Qadariyah
2480:Mu'attila
2395:Ibn Kemal
2390:Khidr Bey
2270:Hanafiyah
2205:Al-Bahūtī
2200:Ibn Ashir
2165:Ibn Arafa
2060:Ibn Furak
2055:Al-Maziri
2006:Ash'arism
1973:Cosmology
1950:Cosmology
1945:Astronomy
1917:Education
1731:495469525
1692:Lewis, B.
1621:"Zaydism"
1593:1351-4709
936:Jarudiyya
764:Isma'ilis
636:romanized
526:Shahrbanu
411:Qizilbash
6816:Category
6709:Islamism
6692:Muhammad
6648:Apostasy
6623:Hinduism
6523:Feminism
6454:Medicine
6294:Military
6248:Gambling
6197:Apostasy
6192:Criminal
6104:Marriage
6073:Tayammum
6025:Murabaha
5898:Madrasas
5888:Holidays
5878:Clothing
5873:Children
5868:Calendar
5819:Quranism
5773:Alawites
5737:Atharism
5628:Rashidun
5467:In Islam
5462:Muhammad
5307:Tawakkul
5274:Tawassul
5236:Taṣawwuf
5158:doctrine
5006:Quranism
4800:Namiriya
4429:Muḥāmmad
4422:Murji'ah
4136:Rawendis
4059:Satpanth
3980:Musta'li
3975:Fatimids
3873:Hurufism
3860:Alawites
3765:Sects in
3757:Mahdiist
3693:Batriyya
3639:Deobandi
3590:Shafi'is
3525:Jihadism
3472:Salafism
3440:Hanbalis
3421:Atharism
3334:Malfūzāt
3272:Al-Amali
2869:Hazimism
2581:Murji'ah
2505:Jahmīyya
2493:Mu'jbira
2085:Ibn Aqil
1767:(eds.).
1741:(2002).
1706:(eds.).
1684:(1971).
1660:(2003).
1093:muhtasib
986:mujtahid
968:Husaynid
928:Batriyya
807:uprising
799:uprising
760:Twelvers
744:Abu Bakr
724:Muhammad
675:Isma'ili
659:Muhammad
443:Muhammad
399:Bektashi
375:Satpanth
309:Musta'li
304:Isma'ili
215:Mubahala
155:Arba'een
26:a series
24:Part of
6763:Nursing
6724:Qutbism
6638:Sikhism
6633:Judaism
6628:Jainism
6464:Physics
6411:Pottery
6396:Gardens
6391:Carpets
6306:Slavery
6228:Divorce
6215:Dhabiĥa
6043:Hygiene
6018:Takaful
6000:Banking
5930:Science
5924:Qurbani
5893:Mosques
5853:Animals
5842:Culture
5790:Zaydism
5778:Alevism
5664:Ottoman
5654:Almohad
5649:Fatimid
5644:Córdoba
5639:Abbasid
5634:Umayyad
5567:Leaders
5562:History
5520:Shahada
5435:Beliefs
5356:Shafi'i
5346:Hanbali
5312:Tewafuq
5292:Sadaqah
5253:Barelvi
5244:Ṭarīqah
5098:Qadiani
5071:beliefs
4846:Alevism
4693:Dimashq
4479:Nūnīyya
4473:Maʿīyya
4433:ibn al-
4408:Azzabas
4369:Ibadism
4357:Nukkari
4311:Azariqa
4296:Ajardi
4243:Bábīyya
4149:Sunpadh
4081:Mukhtār
4046:Nizaris
4021:Alevism
3995:Dawoodi
3985:Tayyibi
3947:Sevener
3926:Fathite
3800:Akhbari
3795:Ja'fari
3782:Twelver
3761:Shi'ite
3698:Imamate
3675:Zaydism
3626:Barelvi
3613:Hanafis
3585:Malikis
3554:Maqrizi
3503:Ibn Baz
3462:Zahiris
3224:Masnavi
2776:Ibn Baz
2590:Dimashq
2290:Shafi‘i
2220:'Illish
1955:Physics
1937:Science
1687:"Imāma"
1569:Sources
1116:
1108:sabiqun
1077:, last
972:Hasanid
952:Khariji
950:and in
932:Sunnism
895:Lahijan
867:Morocco
852:Silver
845:(864).
835:Talaqan
708:Zaydism
703:History
671:Twelver
667:Fatimah
638::
622:imamate
314:Tayyibi
285:Shaykhi
275:Akhbari
270:Ja'fari
198:History
88:Twelver
83:Ismaili
78:Imamate
6585:
6543:poetry
6353:
6238:Ethics
6222:Dhimmi
6181:Baligh
6142:Mahram
6099:Family
6079:Toilet
6059:Miswak
5812:Lahori
5753:Salafi
5699:Seerah
5694:Tafsir
5689:Hadith
5659:Sokoto
5604:Sahaba
5479:Angels
5456:Tawhid
5413:topics
5361:Zahiri
5351:Maliki
5341:Hanafi
5317:Thawab
5297:Sunnah
5222:Other
5178:Hizmet
5142:Zikris
5113:Dönmes
5103:Lahori
5069:Muslim
4889:Rifa`i
4834:Ma'bad
4716:Tajsīm
4664:Tamsīl
4391:Ifrani
4331:Najdat
4234:Shayki
4203:Other
4171:Mazyar
4050:Khojas
4028:Nizari
4007:Hafizi
3968:Druzes
3949:
3893:Alians
3847:Ghulat
3327:Alawis
2594:Nabati
2559:Abdals
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2280:Maliki
1965:Sufism
1889:Ethics
1876:Aqidah
1868:Fields
1847:Fields
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779:Sunnis
752:Uthman
750:, and
627:Arabic
619:, the
541:Narjis
481:Fatima
463:Husayn
453:Fatima
416:Ishiki
384:Ghulat
365:Nizari
358:Hafizi
297:Houthi
245:Origin
160:Mawlid
150:Ashura
120:Clergy
100:Angels
6697:Quran
6587:Other
6482:Early
6406:Music
6322:Kalam
6276:Jizya
6264:Hudud
6149:Nikah
6066:Najis
6052:Ghusl
6011:Sukuk
5940:Women
5908:Music
5883:Flags
5797:Ibadi
5724:Sunni
5684:Quran
5541:Zakat
5527:Salah
5490:Qadar
5448:Allah
5411:Islam
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4691:ī ad-
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3990:Alavi
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651:Shi'a
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631:إمامة
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458:Hasan
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389:Alawi
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220:Khumm
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6368:Arts
6299:POWs
6233:Diet
6163:Zina
6135:Mahr
6121:Haya
6085:Wudu
6032:Riba
5945:LGBT
5837:Life
5758:Shia
5748:Sufi
5739:and
5548:Hajj
5534:Sawm
4073:Shia
2470:Rumi
1912:‘Aql
1788:ISBN
1727:OCLC
1668:ISBN
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1589:ISSN
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