6038:: "The ascent of the Saljuqids also put an end to a period which Minorsky has called "the Persian intermezzo" (see Minorsky, 1932, p. 21), when Iranian dynasties, consisting mainly of the Saffarids, the Samanids, the Ziyarids, the Buyids, the Kakuyids, and the Bavandids of Tabarestan and Gilan, ruled most of Iran. By all accounts, weary of the miseries and devastations of never-ending conflicts and wars, Persians seemed to have sighed with relief and to have welcomed the stability of the Saljuqid rule, all the more so since the Saljuqids mitigated the effect of their foreignness, quickly adopting the Persian culture and court customs and procedures and leaving the civil administration in the hand of Persian personnel, headed by such capable and learned viziers as ‘Amid-al-Molk Kondori and Nezam-al-Molk."
6021:. Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel and W.P. Heinrichs. Brill, 2009: "Culturally, the consisting of the Seljuq Empire marked a further step in the dethronement of Arabic from being the sole lingua franca of educated and polite society in the Middle East. Coming as they did through a Transoxania which was still substantially Iranian and into Persia proper, the Seljuqs with no high-level Turkish cultural or literary heritage of their own – took over that of Persia, so that the Persian language became the administration and culture in their land of Persia and Anatolia. The Persian culture of the Rum Seljuqs was particularly splendid, and it was only gradually that Turkish emerged there as a parallel language in the field of government and adab; the Persian imprint in
6054:, Volume IV: From the Seventh to the Sixteenth Century, UNESCO Publishing / Routledge, 2000. p. 391: "While the Arabic language retained its primacy in such spheres as law, theology and science, the culture of the Seljuk court and secular literature within the sultanate became largely Persianized; this is seen in the early adoption of Persian epic names by the Seljuk rulers (Qubād, Kay Khusraw and so on) and in the use of Persian as a literary language (Turkish must have been essentially a vehicle for everyday speech at this time). The process of Persianization accelerated in the thirteenth century with the presence in Konya of two of the most distinguished refugees fleeing before the Mongols, Bahā' al-Dīn Walad and his son Mawlānā Jalāl al-Dīn Rūmī, whose
2478:
471:
1282:
1250:
2451:
5724:, (Rutgers University Press, 1991), 161, 164; "renewed the Seljuk attempt to found a great Turko-Persian empire in eastern Iran…", "It is to be noted that the Seljuks, those Turkomans who became sultans of Persia, did not Turkify Persia-no doubt because they did not wish to do so. On the contrary, it was they who voluntarily became Persians and who, in the manner of the great old Sassanid kings, strove to protect the Iranian populations from the plundering of Ghuzz bands and save Iranian culture from the Turkoman menace."
878:
47:
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6008:: "... Not only did the inhabitants of Khurasan not succumb to the language of the nomadic invaders, but they imposed their own tongue on them. The region could even assimilate the Turkic Ghaznavids and Seljuks (eleventh and twelfth centuries), the Timurids (fourteenth–fifteenth centuries), and the Qajars (nineteenth–twentieth centuries) ..."
5943:): "... Because the Turkish Seljuqs had no Islamic tradition or strong literary heritage of their own, they adopted the cultural language of their Persian instructors in Islam. Literary Persian thus spread to the whole of Iran, and the Arabic language disappeared in that country except in works of religious scholarship ..."
521:
The "Great
Seljuks" were heads of the family; in theory their authority extended over all the other Seljuk lines, although in practice this often was not the case. Turkic custom called for the senior member of the family to be the Great Seljuk, although usually the position was associated with the
6067:
Daniel Pipes: "The Event of Our Era: Former Soviet Muslim
Republics Change the Middle East" in Michael Mandelbaum, "Central Asia and the World: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkemenistan and the World", Council on Foreign Relations, p. 79. Exact statement: "In Short, the
5737:
of Zahir al-Din
Nishapuri," Partial tr. K.A. Luther, ed. C.E. Bosworth, Richmond, UK. K.A. Luther, p. 9: "he Turks were illiterate and uncultivated when they arrived in Khurasan and had to depend on Iranian scribes, poets, jurists and theologians to man the institution of the
5983:): "... here one might bear in mind that Turco-Persian dynasties such as the Ghaznavids, Seljuqs and Ilkhanids were rapidly to adopt the Persian language and have their origins traced back to the ancient kings of Persia rather than to Turkish heroes or Muslim saints ..."
5693:"The defeat in August 1071 of the Byzantine emperor Romanos Diogenes by the Turkomans at the battle of Malazgirt (Manzikert) is taken as a turning point in the history of Anatolia and the Byzantine Empire."
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Nishapuri, Zahir al-Din
Nishapuri (2001), "The History of the Seljuq Turks from the Jami’ al-Tawarikh: An Ilkhanid Adaptation of the
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This map varies from other maps which are slightly different in scope, especially along the
Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
5992:
F. Daftary, "Sectarian and
National Movements in Iran, Khorasan, and Trasoxania during Umayyad and Early Abbasid Times", in
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9918:
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The Seljuk line, already having been deprived of any significant power, effectively ended in the early 14th century.
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Golden, Peter B. (1992). An
Introduction to the History of the Turkic People. Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden. p. 209
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Bosworth, C.E.; Hillenbrand, R.; Rogers, J.M.; Blois, F.C. de; Bosworth, C.E.; Darley-Doran, R.E., "Saldjukids,"
1923:
7101:
Dietrich, Richard (2018). "The Names of Seljuk's Sons as
Evidence for the Pre-Islamic Religion of the Seljuks".
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which features "Persian culture patronized by Turkic rulers". Today, they are remembered as great patrons of
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as the official language of the government, and played an important role in the development of the
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388:. The Seljuks defeated the Ghaznavids at the Battle of Nasa Plains in 1035. Seljuk's grandsons,
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6058:, composed in Konya, constitutes one of the crowning glories of classical Persian literature."
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and
Chaghri, received the insignias of governor, grants of land, and were given the title of
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took control of much of
Khurasan, with the remainder in the hands of former Seljuk emirs.
8:
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M. Ravandi, "The Seljuq court at Konya and the Persianisation of Anatolian Cities", in
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376:
In the 11th century, the Seljuks migrated from their ancestral homelands into mainland
330:
282:
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1004:
was a province in southern Persia. Between 1053 and 1154, the territory also included
357:. During the 10th century, Oghuz had come into close contact with Muslim cities. When
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70:
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Turko-Persian tradition featured Persian culture patronized by Turcophone rulers."
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at the time being the senior member of the family, became the Great Seljuk Sultan.
337:, who in the 8th century lived on the periphery of the Muslim world; north of the
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TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Supplement 2 (Kâfûr, Ebü'l-Misk – Züreyk, Kostantin)
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O. Özgündenli, "Persian Manuscripts in Ottoman and Modern Turkish Libraries",
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365:, the supreme chieftain of the Oghuz, he split his clan from the bulk of the
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93:
66:
31:
877:
30:"Seljuk Turks" redirects here. For the territory over which they ruled, see
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The Cambridge History of Turkey: Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453: Volume 1
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Muhammad abandoned Kerman, which fell into the hands of the Oghuz chief
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712:
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435:
55:
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The Ghaznavid and Seljuk Turks: Poetry as a Source for Iranian History
1911:
892:
The rulers of western Persia, who maintained a very loose grip on the
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International military intervention against the Islamic State (2014–)
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TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 27 (Kütahya Mevlevîhânesi̇ – Mani̇sa)
6174:. American Edition, New York: Covent Garden Books. pp. 65, 228.
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Agricultural and Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History
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478:. Carved and drilled stone with Iranian craftsmanship. Kept at the
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TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 29 (Mekteb – Misir Mevlevîhânesi̇)
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TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 29 (Mekteb – Misir Mevlevîhânesi̇)
1689:
402:, they defeated a Ghaznavid army, and after a successful siege of
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TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 4 (Âşik Ömer – Bâlâ Külli̇yesi̇)
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gained a strong level of influence in the region, such as the
512:, built in Iran in 1053 to house the remains of Seljuk princes
414:. The Seljuks mixed with the local population and adopted the
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7204:
7034:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 3 (Amasya – Âşik Mûsi̇ki̇si̇)
6724:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 3 (Amasya – Âşik Mûsi̇ki̇si̇)
2573:
2015:
1703:
1685:
1375:
1229:
931:
901:
5767:
The History of the Seljuq Turks: From the Jami Al-Tawarikh (
504:
8284:
7747:
7683:
2464:
1178:
1015:
1041–1073 (great-grantson of Seljuq, brother of Alp Arslan)
1005:
475:
310:
215:
6801:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 30 (Misra – Muhammedi̇yye)
224:
221:
9262:
Industrial Development and Renovation Organization (IDRO)
6639:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 40 (Tanzi̇mat – Teveccüh)
6025:
civilization was to remain strong until the 19th century.
7126:. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. p. 147.
6765:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 5 (Balaban – Beşi̇r Ağa)
5634:
Rāḥat al-ṣudūr va āyat al-surūr dar tārīkh-i āl-i saljūq
474:
Head of Seljuk male royal figure, 12–13th century, from
361:, the leader of the Seljuk clan, had a falling out with
7070:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 41 (Tevekkül – Tüsterî)
6962:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 41 (Tevekkül – Tüsterî)
6549:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 41 (Tevekkül – Tüsterî)
6100:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 8 (Ci̇lve – Dârünnedve)
6210:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 25 (Kasti̇lya – Ki̇le)
54:, used as a symbol by several Seljuk rulers including
6397:
TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 26 (Ki̇li̇ – Kütahya)
236:
227:
212:
7124:
The Empire of the Steppes: a History of Central Asia
6310:
218:
6916:
6827:
6791:
6755:
6678:
6539:
6200:
1238:
983:In 1194, Toghrul III was killed in battle with the
209:
7054:
7018:
6446:TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 2 (Ahlâk – Amari̇)
6890:TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 36 (Sakal – Sevm)
6837:TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 36 (Sakal – Sevm)
6629:
6596:TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 36 (Sakal – Sevm)
6513:TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 36 (Sakal – Sevm)
6143:TDV Encyclopedia of Islam, Vol. 36 (Sakal – Sevm)
5661:. London and New York: Routledge. pp. 1–16.
3219:
1285:Court of Seljuk ruler Tughril III, circa 1200 CE.
11128:
7076:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 342–344.
7040:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 404–406.
7004:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 349–351.
6968:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 341–342.
6932:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 371–372.
6843:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 507–511.
6807:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 579–581.
6771:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 514–516.
6602:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 385–386.
6555:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 446–449.
6436:
6403:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 480–481.
6323:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 324–325.
6149:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 365–371.
6106:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 183–186.
254:, alternatively spelled as Seljuqs or Saljuqs),
8323:December 1979 Iranian constitutional referendum
6730:, Centre for Islamic Studies. p. 399-400.
6582:
6580:
6578:
6576:
6574:
6572:
6519:, Centre for Islamic Studies. p. 377-379.
5789:History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey
5657:Tetley, G.E (2009). Hillenbrand, Carole (ed.).
516:
8409:2018–2019 Iranian general strikes and protests
8308:March 1979 Iranian Islamic Republic referendum
6946:
6910:
6876:
6874:
6872:
6870:
6868:
6866:
6864:
6862:
6860:
6694:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 54–57.
6625:
6623:
6621:
6619:
6216:, Centre for Islamic Studies. pp. 73–74.
6129:
6127:
6125:
6123:
5443:
5041:
5012:
4983:
4954:
4925:
4681:
4602:
4569:
369:and set up camp on the west bank of the lower
9934:
8191:Persian Constitutional Revolution (1905–1911)
7668:
7175:
7147:
6982:
6499:
6497:
6495:
6493:
6491:
6489:
6362:, Centre for Islamic Studies. p. 92-93.
5923:
5921:
5822:Al Hind: the Making of the Indo-Islamic World
2514:
2240:
9267:Iran Aviation Industries Organization (IAIO)
7060:
7024:
6988:
6952:
6751:
6749:
6747:
6714:
6586:
6569:
6503:
6487:
6485:
6483:
6481:
6479:
6477:
6475:
6473:
6471:
6469:
6387:
6133:
3459:
872:
843:replaces the Seljuk dynasty. From 1157, the
8377:2009 Iranian presidential election protests
6896:, Centre for Islamic Studies. p. 387.
6857:
6708:
6674:
6672:
6670:
6668:
6666:
6664:
6662:
6645:, Centre for Islamic Studies. p. 510.
6616:
6452:, Centre for Islamic Studies. p. 196.
6383:
6381:
6379:
6120:
6050:, "Turkish expansion towards the west", in
5391:
3516:
9941:
9927:
8883:Islamic Consultative Assembly (parliament)
8745:Government of the Islamic Republic of Iran
8261:1949 Iranian Constituent Assembly election
7675:
7661:
7182:
7168:
7142:Early Seljuq History: A New Interpretation
6346:
6250:
6230:
6090:
5996:, Vol 4, pt. 1; edited by M.S. Asimov and
5951:
5949:
5918:
5894:
5892:
5886:, (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007), 476.
2521:
2507:
2247:
2233:
990:
829:
817:
807:
791:
780:
770:
754:
743:
733:
717:
706:
696:
680:
669:
661:
645:
634:
624:
608:
596:
580:
571:
555:
544:
45:
8392:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (2015)
7063:"Ebû Tâlib TUĞRUL b. ARSLANŞAH b. TUĞRUL"
6744:
6466:
6306:
6304:
6302:
6196:
6194:
6192:
5611:. Bloomsbury Publishing. pp. 39–45.
1107:
373:. Around 985, Seljuk converted to Islam.
8211:Arab separatism in Khuzestan (1922–2020)
7155:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
7121:
7100:
6659:
6430:
6376:
6286:
6086:
6084:
6082:
6080:
6078:
6076:
6074:
5994:History of Civilizations of Central Asia
5873:, Edinburgh University Press, 1963, 242.
5691:. Cambridge University Press. p. 1.
5675:
1248:
876:
839:
503:
485:
469:
8997:Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO)
6632:"TERKEN HATUN, the mother of MAHMÛD I"
6342:
6340:
6273:
5946:
5889:
5852:
5850:
5631:
5578:
1100:. Kerman was eventually annexed by the
14:
11129:
10871:
8535:History of democracy in classical Iran
7153:The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History
6821:
6533:
6299:
6189:
5860:, (Temple University Press, 2001), 99.
5656:
5606:
702:Abul Muzaffar Rukn al-Duniya wa al-Din
9922:
9333:
9257:Defense Industries Organization (DIO)
9042:Iran and the World Trade Organization
8946:
8689:
8570:
7695:
7656:
7163:
6880:
6785:
6169:
6071:
5884:Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F–O
5681:
5486:
5484:
5459:
5457:
5426:
5424:
5401:
5378:
5376:
5349:
5320:
5284:
5247:
5201:
5185:
5183:
5181:
5175:
5173:
5171:
5169:
5167:
5165:
5163:
5127:
5121:
5113:
5085:
5083:
5055:
5026:
5024:
4997:
4995:
4968:
4966:
4939:
4937:
4913:
4911:
4882:
4851:
4795:
4775:
4763:
4751:
4727:
4725:
4723:
4717:
4711:
4705:
4666:
4664:
4639:
4616:
4587:
4554:
4552:
4534:
4532:
4513:
4511:
4490:
4459:
4403:
4401:
4399:
4359:
4357:
4355:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4333:
4321:
4315:
4309:
4307:
4305:
4303:
4284:
4282:
4264:
4262:
4255:
4253:
4230:
4228:
4210:
4208:
4190:
4188:
4170:
4159:
4128:
4052:
4050:
4002:
3982:
3976:
3970:
3956:
3954:
3937:
3935:
3928:
3926:
3913:
3911:
3898:
3896:
3883:
3881:
3863:
3833:
3831:
3800:
3772:
3698:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3620:
3614:
3607:
3605:
3585:
3583:
3576:
3574:
3563:
3561:
3543:
3541:
3526:
3524:
3505:
3503:
3484:
3482:
3451:
3367:
3365:
3289:
3283:
3276:
3274:
3267:
3265:
3258:
3256:
3251:
3249:
3232:
3230:
3204:
3202:
3180:
3178:
3162:
3160:
3141:
3097:
3081:
3079:
3077:
3057:
3039:
3037:
3035:
3029:
3027:
3025:
3023:
3021:
3019:
3017:
3011:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2955:
2938:
2936:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2904:
2902:
2880:
2824:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2740:
2738:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2701:
2699:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2675:
2673:
2671:
2669:
2667:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2659:
2657:
2651:
2649:
2647:
2645:
2643:
2641:
2639:
2637:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2621:
2619:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2603:
2601:
2599:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2565:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
859:succeeded him in western Persia, but
11097:
11085:
8429:2021 Sistan and Baluchestan protests
8419:2019 Sistan and Baluchestan protests
6337:
5847:
9662:Chicago Persian antiquities dispute
9303:Chabahar Free Trade-Industrial Zone
9277:National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC)
9076:UN Security Council Resolution 1747
8811:UN Security Council Resolution 1747
7189:
6283:(Ateş Publications), vol. I, p. 85.
2469:New York Metropolitan Museum of Art
493:, a 12th-century monument south of
480:New York Metropolitan Museum of Art
248:
24:
8201:Kurdish separatism in Iran (1918–)
7094:
6243:(Muhammed Ramazânî Publications),
1280:
317:and were the prime targets of the
309:(1074–1308), which stretched from
25:
11163:
9272:Iran Electronics Industries (IEI)
8893:Supreme National Security Council
8719:Persian Constitutional Revolution
8349:Interim Government of Iran (1981)
8256:Insurgency in Balochistan (1948–)
8246:Shatt al-Arab dispute (1936–1975)
5957:Mesogeios (Mediterranean Studies)
5824:Brill Academic Publishers, 1996,
11108:
11096:
11084:
11073:
11072:
11060:
10464:Court of Jurisdictional Disputes
9950:
9902:
9893:
9892:
8868:Assembly (or Council) of Experts
5959:, vol. 25–26 (2005), pp. 157–169
2529:Great Seljuk sultans family tree
2489:Eskişehir Eti Archaeology Museum
2476:
2449:
1239:Seljuk sultans of Rum (Anatolia)
465:
329:The Seljuks originated from the
324:
205:
11109:
9067:Military equipment manufactured
8633:Caspian Hyrcanian mixed forests
8397:United States withdrawal (2018)
8318:Iran hostage crisis (1979–1981)
7682:
6417:
6257:Reşîdüddin Fazlullāh-ı Hemedânî
6163:
6061:
6041:
6028:
6011:
5986:
5968:M.A. Amir-Moezzi, "Shahrbanu",
5962:
5876:
5863:
5835:
5814:
5805:
5781:
5761:
5636:. Tihrān: Intishārāt-i Asāṭīr.
425:
9627:modern / contemporary
8873:Expediency Discernment Council
8196:1908 bombardment of the Majlis
8185:Caucasus (18th–20th centuries)
7709:
5741:
5727:
5714:
5696:
5650:
5625:
5600:
5572:
2495:
297:. The Seljuks established the
13:
1:
8841:state-sponsorship allegations
8571:
6311:Osman Gazi Özgüdenli (2016).
6296:(Nevâî Publications), p. 426.
5932:, "Seljuq", Online Edition, (
5842:Islam: An Illustrated History
5586:. Routledge. pp. 19–20.
5565:
1271:History of the Turkic peoples
1037:or 1074 (before Sultan Shah)
707:أبو المظفر رکن الدنیا والدین
384:, where they encountered the
10955:Intangible cultural heritage
10301:Southeastern Anatolia Region
10133:Proclamation of the republic
9298:Asaluyeh industrial corridor
8690:
8599:twin towns and sister cities
7905:Persis (after 132 BC–AD 224)
7782:Mannai (10th–7th century BC)
7758:Empire (c.2334 BC–c.2154 BC)
6917:Özaydın, Abdülkerim (2003).
6828:Özaydın, Abdülkerim (2009).
6792:Özaydın, Abdülkerim (2005).
6756:Özaydın, Abdülkerim (1992).
6679:Özaydın, Abdülkerim (2004).
6540:Özaydın, Abdülkerim (2012).
6201:Özaydın, Abdülkerim (2002).
6006:Institute of Ismaili Studies
918:1131–1133 disputed between:
834:
822:
801:
796:
785:
764:
759:
748:
727:
722:
711:
690:
685:
674:
655:
650:
639:
618:
613:
601:
590:
585:
576:
565:
560:
549:
538:
524:
517:Rulers of the Seljuk Dynasty
410:in 1050/51, established the
104:Sultan of Kermân (or Kirmân)
7:
10226:Ancient peoples of Anatolia
9577:Water supply and sanitation
9334:
9308:Kish Island Free Trade Zone
8947:
8367:KDPI insurgency (1989–1996)
7742:civilization (3100–2700 BC)
7696:
6266:(Ahmed Ateş Publications),
6034:Ehsan Yarshater, "Iran" in
5537:
2077:Cuman–Kipchak Confederation
1924:Kimek–Kipchak Confederation
885:in 1092, upon the death of
776:Ghiyath al-Duniya wa al-Din
10:
11168:
10057:Conquest of Constantinople
9057:Economy of the Middle East
8434:2021–2022 Iranian protests
8424:2019–2020 Iranian protests
8404:2017–2018 Iranian protests
7865:Cappadocia (320s BC–AD 17)
7074:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
7038:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
7002:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6991:"MES'ÛD b. MUHAMMED TAPAR"
6966:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6930:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6919:"MAHMÛD b. MUHAMMED TAPAR"
6894:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6841:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6805:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6769:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6728:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6692:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6643:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6630:Bezer, Gülay Öğün (2011).
6600:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6553:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6517:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6450:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6401:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6360:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6321:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6279:Râvendî, Muhammed b. Ali,
6214:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6172:The Atlas of World History
6147:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6104:Turkiye Diyanet Foundation
6052:UNESCO History of Humanity
5747:Concise Britannica Online
5632:Rāvandī, Muḥammad (1385).
5609:Byzantium and the Crusades
3198:Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate
2442:
1684:Chief gods and goddesses:
1242:
994:
863:, who was the governor of
434:, the Seljuks adopted the
422:in the following decades.
173:was killed in battle with
29:
11056:
10789:
10705:
10598:
10564:The constitutional system
10524:
10479:
10424:
10415:
10309:
10257:
10248:
10201:
10168:
10118:
10096:Second Constitutional Era
10081:Decline and modernization
10037:
9998:
9972:
9963:
9888:
9854:
9800:
9603:
9594:
9524:
9476:
9408:
9355:
9346:
9342:
9329:
9290:
9282:National Development Fund
9245:
9202:Telecommunications and IT
9196:Anglo-Persian Oil Company
9125:
9022:Foreign direct investment
8967:Bonyad (charitable trust)
8959:
8955:
8942:
8901:
8860:
8702:
8698:
8685:
8579:
8566:
8446:
8313:1979 Khuzestan insurgency
8303:Interim Government (1979)
8282:
8230:
8223:
8119:
8029:
7946:
7937:
7914:
7831:
7724:
7717:
7708:
7704:
7691:
7546:
7503:
7460:
7380:
7335:
7233:
7197:
7115:10.1163/18775462-00901002
7103:Turkish Historical Review
6437:Alptekin, Coşkun (1989).
5722:The Empire of the Steppes
5607:Harris, Jonathan (2014).
5513:
5511:
5509:
5507:
5399:
5347:
5318:
5282:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5231:
5229:
5227:
5225:
5223:
5221:
5219:
5217:
5215:
5213:
5211:
5209:
5207:
5205:
5199:
5195:
5193:
5191:
5187:
5179:
5177:
5161:
5157:
5155:
5153:
5151:
5149:
5147:
5145:
5143:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5135:
5133:
5125:
5123:
5117:
5053:
4880:
4878:
4845:
4843:
4841:
4835:
4833:
4829:
4827:
4823:
4821:
4817:
4815:
4813:
4807:
4805:
4803:
4793:
4789:
4787:
4785:
4783:
4781:
4773:
4769:
4761:
4757:
4749:
4745:
4743:
4741:
4739:
4737:
4735:
4733:
4721:
4719:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4707:
4637:
4614:
4585:
4583:
4488:
4486:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4433:
4427:
4421:
4415:
4413:
4409:
4397:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4387:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4379:
4377:
4375:
4373:
4371:
4369:
4367:
4365:
4361:
4353:
4351:
4343:
4339:
4331:
4327:
4323:
4319:
4317:
4168:
4166:
4157:
4155:
4122:
4120:
4118:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4102:
4100:
4098:
4092:
4090:
4088:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4072:
4066:
4060:
4048:
4044:
4042:
4040:
4038:
4036:
4034:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4020:
4018:
4016:
4014:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4004:
4000:
3996:
3994:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3980:
3978:
3974:
3972:
3861:
3766:
3764:
3762:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3736:
3734:
3732:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3716:
3714:
3712:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3696:
3692:
3690:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3682:
3680:
3678:
3676:
3674:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3664:
3658:
3656:
3654:
3652:
3650:
3648:
3646:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3624:
3622:
3445:
3443:
3441:
3435:
3433:
3431:
3425:
3423:
3421:
3415:
3413:
3411:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3395:
3393:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3383:
3377:
3375:
3373:
3363:
3359:
3357:
3355:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3347:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3325:
3323:
3321:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3307:
3305:
3299:
3297:
3295:
3291:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3121:
3115:
3113:
3109:
3107:
3105:
3095:
3091:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3075:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3063:
3055:
3051:
3045:
3033:
3031:
3015:
3013:
2972:
2953:
2874:
2872:
2870:
2864:
2862:
2860:
2854:
2852:
2850:
2848:
2846:
2844:
2842:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2822:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2808:
2806:
2804:
2802:
2800:
2798:
2792:
2790:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2782:
2780:
2655:
2653:
2105:11th century–13th century
1124:of Great Seljuk 1086–1087
873:Seljuk sultans of Hamadan
666:Nasir al-Duniya wa al-Din
533:
530:
527:
522:ruler of western Persia.
139:
121:
87:
76:
62:
44:
39:
10547:Ministry of the Interior
10532:Administrative divisions
10091:First Constitutional Era
9032:International oil bourse
8797:Ministry of Intelligence
8382:Syrian civil war (2011–)
8206:1921 Persian coup d'état
7140:Peacock, A.C.S. (2010).
7072:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
7036:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
7000:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6964:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6928:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6892:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6839:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6803:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6767:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6726:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6690:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6641:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6598:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6551:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6515:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6448:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6399:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6358:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6319:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6212:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6145:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
6102:(in Turkish). Istanbul:
5871:The Ghaznavids: 994–1040
5584:Warfare in World History
2188:Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)
1834:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
1813:Western Turkic Khaganate
1759:Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate
1204:Abu Nasr Shams al-Muluk
1127:Qasim ad-Dawla Abu Said
10494:Parliamentary elections
10296:Eastern Anatolia Region
10291:Central Anatolia Region
9973:Ancient and Middle Ages
9556:scientists and scholars
9062:Milad Tower and complex
8852:Women's rights movement
8847:White Revolution (1963)
8515:Peoples of the Caucasus
7857:Armenia (321 BC–AD 428)
7750:dynasties (2700–540 BC)
7144:. New York: Routledge.
7122:Grousset, Rene (1988).
6236:Zahîrüddîn-i Nîsâbûrî,
5929:Encyclopædia Britannica
5555:Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
5439:. 1177–1191, 1192–1194)
1842:Second Turkic Khaganate
1255:Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm
1228:Damascus seized by the
1197:Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla
1134:Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla
1113:Abu Sa'id Taj ad-Dawla
997:Kerman Seljuk Sultanate
991:Seljuk rulers of Kerman
987:, who annexed Hamadan.
444:Turko-Persian tradition
94:Sultan of Seljuk Empire
10665:Science and technology
10499:Presidential elections
9980:Prehistory of Anatolia
9867:Anti-Iranian sentiment
9862:Science and technology
9687:Intellectual movements
9567:International rankings
9551:Intellectual movements
9037:International rankings
8530:Heads of state of Iran
8336:Nojeh coup plot (1980)
7897:Empire (247 BC–AD 224)
7734:culture (3400–2000 BC)
6270:1960, vol. II/5, p. 5.
6170:Black, Jeremy (2005).
6019:Encyclopaedia of Islam
5461:Nusrat al-Din Abu Bakr
5057:Nusrat al-Din Muhammad
4549:Sultan of Great Seljuk
4225:Sultan of Great Seljuk
4205:Sultan of Great Seljuk
4185:Sultan of Great Seljuk
3878:Sultan of Great Seljuk
3854:and de facto ruler of
3577:Arslan Argun and Ilyas
3571:Governor of Azerbaijan
3558:Sultan of Great Seljuk
3538:Sultan of Great Seljuk
2004:Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom
1805:First Turkic Khaganate
1286:
1261:
1108:Seljuk rulers in Syria
1092:1183–1187 or 1183–1186
1080:1174–1176 or 1175–1176
1074:1169–1174 or 1170–1175
1068:1156–1169 or 1156–1170
1050:1096–1101 or 1097–1101
1048:Iranshah ibn Turanshah
1044:1084–1096 or 1085–1097
1027:1074–1075 or 1074–1085
889:
513:
501:
483:
281:that gradually became
10660:Free trade agreements
10542:Intelligence Services
10339:North Anatolian Fault
9155:Shetab Banking System
9145:Banking and insurance
9107:Tehran Stock Exchange
9027:Intellectual property
8372:PJAK conflict (2004–)
8145:Turcomans (1378–1508)
8137:Turcomans (1374–1468)
8086:Ilkhanate (1256–1335)
7889:Pontus (281 BC–AD 62)
7061:Sümer, Faruk (2012).
7027:"ARSLANŞAH b. TUĞRUL"
7025:Sümer, Faruk (1991).
6989:Sümer, Faruk (2004).
6953:Sümer, Faruk (2012).
6881:Sümer, Faruk (2009).
6715:Sümer, Faruk (1991).
6587:Sümer, Faruk (2009).
6506:"KİRMAN SELÇUKLULARI"
6504:Sümer, Faruk (2009).
6388:Sümer, Faruk (2002).
6134:Sümer, Faruk (2009).
5970:Encyclopaedia Iranica
5901:Encyclopaedia Iranica
5488:Muzaffar al-Din Uzbek
4855:Malīk Muhammad I Shah
4256:Tuğrul and Amîr Humâr
2113:Atabegs of Azerbaijan
1745:Yenisei Kyrgyz People
1284:
1252:
880:
510:Kharāghān twin towers
507:
489:
473:
11044:World heritage sites
10569:Turkish Armed Forces
10454:Constitutional Court
10368:Flora and vegetation
10346:Environmental issues
10334:East Anatolian Fault
10281:Mediterranean Region
9116:Technology start-ups
9017:Environmental issues
9007:Economic Reform Plan
8921:Provincial governors
8611:Environmental issues
8359:Iran Air Flight 655
8100:Jalayirid Sultanate
7972:Caliphate (750–1258)
7814:Kingdom (652–625 BC)
7149:Previté-Orton, C. W.
6036:Encyclopedia Iranica
5708:Encyclopædia Iranica
5682:Fleet, Kate (2009).
5381:Fakhr al-Mulk Radwan
3929:Tuğrul and Böri-Bars
3923:Governor of Khorasan
3908:Governor of Khorasan
3893:Governor of Khorasan
3246:Governor of Khorasan
3171:Leader of the Seljuk
2309:(Suleiman) 1196–1204
2269:(Suleiman) 1077–1086
1257:in 1190, before the
1218:Muhi ad-Din Baktāsh
1153:Alp Arslan al-Akhras
1146:Fakhr al-Mulk Ridwan
400:Battle of Dandanaqan
382:province of Khurasan
305:(1041–1186) and the
27:Oghuz Turkic dynasty
11147:History of Nishapur
10613:Banking and Finance
10231:History of Anatolia
10128:War of Independence
10120:Republic of Türkiye
10017:Battle of Manzikert
9516:Freedom of religion
9102:Supreme Audit Court
8981:Automotive industry
8628:Iranian Balochistan
8354:1987 Mecca incident
8251:Iran crisis of 1946
8240:dynasty (1925–1979)
8169:Dynasty (1751–1794)
8110:dynasty (1338–1357)
8102:dynasty (1335–1432)
8094:dynasty (1314–1393)
8079:dynasty (1244–1381)
8063:dynasty (1077–1231)
8047:dynasty (1011–1215)
7964:Caliphate (661–750)
7956:Caliphate (632–661)
7924:Empire (AD 224–651)
7841:Empire (550–330 BC)
7822:Empire (626–539 BC)
7806:Empire (678–549 BC)
7790:Empire (911–609 BC)
6883:"Irak Selçuklulari"
6427:(Behmenyâr), p. 71.
6347:Sevim, Ali (1991).
6091:Sevim, Ali (1993).
5972:, Online Edition, (
5904:, Online Edition, (
5580:Neiberg, Michael S.
3951:Nasr Shams al-Mulk.
3787:3.Hussain Omar Shah
3281:Bori and Dawlatshah
3277:Yûsuf, Kara Arslan,
3226:Great Seljuk Empire
2591:Commander-in-chief
1993:Eastern Kara-Khanid
1986:Western Kara-Khanid
1972:Kara-Khanid Khanate
883:Great Seljuk Empire
841:Khwarazmian dynasty
781:غیاث الدنیا والدین
412:Great Seljuk Empire
303:Sultanate of Kermân
285:and contributed to
52:Double-headed eagle
10670:Telecommunications
10459:Court of Cassation
10160:Multi-party period
10069:Ottoman Old Regime
9990:Byzantine Anatolia
9985:Classical Anatolia
9647:Persian New Year (
9052:Main economic laws
8623:Iranian Azerbaijan
8525:Monarchs of Persia
8469:Persianate society
8177:Empire (1789–1925)
8161:Empire (1736–1796)
8153:Empire (1501–1736)
8129:Empire (1370–1507)
8055:Empire (1037–1194)
8020:dynasty (934–1062)
8012:dynasty (931–1090)
8004:dynasty (861–1003)
7873:Empire (312–63 BC)
7774:(c.1595–c.1155 BC)
6589:"SELÇUKS of Syria"
5979:2007-03-11 at the
5939:2007-12-19 at the
5911:2012-01-22 at the
5798:2022-12-26 at the
5774:2022-12-26 at the
5754:2007-01-14 at the
5098:de facto ruler of
5068:de facto ruler of
4279:sultan Mas'ud III.
2459:chess set, glazed
2089:Khwarazmian Empire
1960:Karluk Yabgu State
1698:Epics and heroes:
1287:
1262:
1192:Abaaq al-Khwarazmi
1129:Aq Sunqur al-Hajib
936:Iranian Azerbaijan
890:
670:ناصر الدنیا والدین
514:
502:
484:
430:After arriving in
11124:
11123:
11052:
11051:
10594:
10593:
10537:Foreign relations
10511:Political parties
10411:
10410:
10244:
10243:
10236:History of Thrace
10138:Atatürk's reforms
10029:Anatolian beyliks
9916:
9915:
9884:
9883:
9880:
9879:
9850:
9849:
9757:Opium consumption
9590:
9589:
9426:Ethnic minorities
9400:Iranian languages
9325:
9324:
9321:
9320:
8938:
8937:
8934:
8933:
8817:Political parties
8755:Children's rights
8740:Foreign relations
8734:2009 presidential
8681:
8680:
8643:Iranian Kurdistan
8562:
8561:
8558:
8557:
8442:
8441:
8414:COVID-19 pandemic
8273:Revolution (1979)
8219:
8218:
8039:Empire (977–1186)
7996:dynasty (864–928)
7988:dynasty (821–873)
7980:dynasty (819–999)
7933:
7932:
7849:(c.323 BC–AD 226)
7650:
7649:
7133:978-0-8135-0627-2
7083:978-975-389-713-6
7047:978-975-389-430-2
7011:978-975-389-415-9
6975:978-975-389-713-6
6939:978-975-389-408-1
6903:978-975-389-566-8
6850:978-975-389-566-8
6814:978-975-389-402-9
6778:978-975-389-432-6
6737:978-975-389-430-2
6701:978-975-389-415-9
6652:978-975-389-652-8
6609:978-975-389-566-8
6562:978-975-389-713-6
6526:978-975-389-566-8
6459:978-975-389-429-6
6410:978-975-389-406-7
6369:978-975-389-431-9
6330:978-975-389-889-8
6223:978-975-389-403-6
6181:978-0-7566-1861-2
6156:978-975-389-566-8
6113:978-975-389-435-7
6002:UNESCO Publishing
5830:978-90-04-09249-5
5668:978-0-415-43119-4
5643:978-964-331-366-1
5618:978-1-78093-736-6
5593:978-1-134-58342-3
5535:
5534:
5517:
5516:
5474:
5440:
5103:
5073:
4654:
4635:
4530:
4301:
4280:
3952:
3859:
3603:
3564:Alp Sungur Yâkūtî
2940:Mikail ibn Seljuk
2257:
2256:
2222:
2221:
2218:
2193:
2181:
2169:
2164:Qarlughid Kingdom
2130:
2118:
2106:
2094:
2082:
2057:
2045:
2033:
2028:Pecheneg Khanates
2021:
2009:
1977:
1965:
1953:
1948:Oghuz Yabgu State
1941:
1929:
1917:
1912:Türgesh Khaganate
1905:
1893:
1881:
1869:
1846:
1838:
1817:
1809:
1775:
1750:
1725:
1724:
1652:
1651:
1464:
1463:
1275:
1102:Khwarezmid Empire
900:. Several Turkic
851:
850:
832:
820:
810:
794:
783:
773:
757:
746:
736:
720:
709:
699:
683:
672:
664:
648:
637:
627:
611:
599:
583:
574:
558:
547:
347:Oghuz Yabgu State
301:(1037–1194), the
193:
192:
183:
167:
148:
16:(Redirected from
11159:
11112:
11111:
11100:
11099:
11088:
11087:
11076:
11075:
11064:
10869:
10868:
10754:Cities and towns
10735:Turkish language
10690:Turkish Airlines
10506:Electoral system
10469:Council of State
10422:
10421:
10356:Waste management
10286:Black Sea Region
10264:
10255:
10254:
10209:Turkic migration
10155:One-party period
10024:Sultanate of Rum
9970:
9969:
9955:
9954:
9943:
9936:
9929:
9920:
9919:
9906:
9896:
9895:
9747:National symbols
9601:
9600:
9416:Iranian citizens
9353:
9352:
9344:
9343:
9331:
9330:
9313:Research centers
9002:Economic history
8957:
8956:
8944:
8943:
8878:Guardian Council
8700:
8699:
8687:
8686:
8568:
8567:
8545:Electric history
8540:Military history
8454:Ancient Persians
8362:
8361:shootdown (1988)
8344:
8331:
8328:Iranian Embassy
8298:
8287:
8285:Islamic Republic
8274:
8266:1953 coup d'état
8241:
8228:
8227:
8186:
8183:Khanates of the
8178:
8170:
8162:
8154:
8146:
8138:
8130:
8111:
8103:
8095:
8087:
8080:
8072:
8064:
8056:
8048:
8040:
8021:
8013:
8005:
7997:
7989:
7981:
7973:
7965:
7957:
7944:
7943:
7925:
7906:
7898:
7890:
7882:
7874:
7866:
7858:
7850:
7842:
7823:
7815:
7807:
7799:
7791:
7783:
7775:
7767:
7759:
7751:
7743:
7735:
7722:
7721:
7706:
7705:
7693:
7692:
7677:
7670:
7663:
7654:
7653:
7597:Kilij Arslan III
7452:Muhammad-Shah II
7184:
7177:
7170:
7161:
7160:
7156:
7137:
7118:
7088:
7087:
7067:
7058:
7052:
7051:
7031:
7022:
7016:
7015:
6995:
6986:
6980:
6979:
6959:
6950:
6944:
6943:
6923:
6914:
6908:
6907:
6887:
6878:
6855:
6854:
6834:
6825:
6819:
6818:
6798:
6794:"MUHAMMED TAPAR"
6789:
6783:
6782:
6762:
6753:
6742:
6741:
6721:
6712:
6706:
6705:
6685:
6676:
6657:
6656:
6636:
6627:
6614:
6613:
6593:
6584:
6567:
6566:
6546:
6537:
6531:
6530:
6510:
6501:
6464:
6463:
6443:
6434:
6428:
6421:
6415:
6414:
6394:
6385:
6374:
6373:
6353:
6344:
6335:
6334:
6308:
6297:
6290:
6284:
6277:
6271:
6262:Câmiʿu’t-tevârîḫ
6254:
6248:
6234:
6228:
6227:
6207:
6198:
6187:
6185:
6167:
6161:
6160:
6140:
6131:
6118:
6117:
6097:
6088:
6069:
6065:
6059:
6045:
6039:
6032:
6026:
6015:
6009:
5990:
5984:
5966:
5960:
5953:
5944:
5925:
5916:
5896:
5887:
5880:
5874:
5867:
5861:
5854:
5845:
5839:
5833:
5818:
5812:
5809:
5803:
5787:Shaw, Stanford.
5785:
5779:
5765:
5759:
5745:
5739:
5731:
5725:
5720:Grousset, Rene,
5718:
5712:
5711:
5700:
5694:
5692:
5690:
5679:
5673:
5672:
5654:
5648:
5647:
5629:
5623:
5622:
5604:
5598:
5597:
5576:
5560:Seljuk (warlord)
5470:
5433:
5366:Muhammad II Shah
5324:Muhammad II Shah
5096:
5066:
4650:
4631:wife of İldeniz
4621:
4520:
4291:
4273:
4214:Muhammad I Tapar
3944:
3840:The daughter of
3838:
3826:. 1094–1095) of
3592:
3478:Seljuk Sultanate
3173:vassal state in
2537:
2536:
2523:
2516:
2509:
2500:
2499:
2480:
2453:
2313:Kilij Arslan III
2249:
2242:
2235:
2216:
2191:
2179:
2167:
2128:
2116:
2104:
2092:
2080:
2066:Sultanate of Rum
2055:
2043:
2040:Ghaznavid Empire
2031:
2019:
2007:
1975:
1963:
1951:
1939:
1936:Uyghur Khaganate
1927:
1915:
1903:
1891:
1879:
1867:
1864:Khazar Khaganate
1844:
1836:
1815:
1807:
1773:
1748:
1740:
1739:
1735:Pre-14th century
1712:Major concepts:
1667:
1666:
1662:Turkic Mythology
1479:
1478:
1474:Turkic Languages
1457:Crimean Karaites
1394:Cherniye Klobuki
1300:
1299:
1274:pre–14th century
1273:
1267:
1266:
1245:Sultanate of Rûm
1120:Jalal ad-Dawlah
1090:Muhammad II Shah
949:Mas'ud 1133–1152
831:
828:
819:
816:
809:
806:
793:
790:
787:Muhammad I Tapar
782:
779:
772:
769:
756:
753:
745:
742:
735:
732:
719:
716:
708:
705:
698:
695:
682:
679:
671:
668:
663:
660:
647:
644:
636:
633:
626:
623:
610:
607:
598:
595:
582:
579:
573:
570:
557:
554:
546:
543:
528:Titular name(s)
525:
440:Persian language
420:Persian language
307:Sultanate of Rum
264:Seljuk Turkomans
258:, also known as
250:
239:
234:
233:
230:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
211:
178:
162:
143:
109:Emir of Damascus
71:Sultanate of Rum
49:
37:
36:
21:
11167:
11166:
11162:
11161:
11160:
11158:
11157:
11156:
11127:
11126:
11125:
11120:
11048:
10867:
10863:Women in Turkey
10831:Law enforcement
10785:
10781:Life expectancy
10747:Islam in Turkey
10701:
10590:
10552:National Police
10520:
10475:
10407:
10398:Turkish Riviera
10305:
10262:
10261:
10240:
10197:
10164:
10143:Language reform
10114:
10033:
9994:
9959:
9949:
9947:
9917:
9912:
9876:
9846:
9825:Rap and hip-hop
9796:
9777:Public holidays
9762:Persian gardens
9751:Imperial Anthem
9742:National Jewels
9697:Iranian studies
9586:
9520:
9472:
9404:
9365:Persian (Farsi)
9338:
9317:
9286:
9248:
9241:
9176:Pharmaceuticals
9121:
9112:Venture capital
9087:Rial (currency)
9072:Nuclear program
8951:
8930:
8897:
8856:
8807:Nuclear program
8772:Judicial system
8694:
8677:
8648:Iranian plateau
8575:
8554:
8438:
8360:
8342:
8329:
8297:History (1979–)
8296:
8288:
8283:
8278:
8272:
8239:
8215:
8184:
8176:
8168:
8160:
8152:
8144:
8136:
8128:
8115:
8109:
8101:
8093:
8085:
8078:
8070:
8062:
8054:
8046:
8038:
8025:
8019:
8011:
8003:
7995:
7987:
7979:
7971:
7963:
7955:
7939:
7929:
7923:
7910:
7904:
7896:
7888:
7880:
7872:
7864:
7856:
7848:
7840:
7827:
7821:
7820:Neo-Babylonian
7813:
7805:
7798:(860 BC–590 BC)
7797:
7789:
7781:
7773:
7766:(c.2300–675 BC)
7765:
7757:
7749:
7741:
7733:
7713:
7700:
7687:
7681:
7651:
7646:
7622:Kilij Arslan IV
7582:Kilij Arslan II
7542:
7499:
7456:
7427:Muhammad-Shah I
7376:
7331:
7229:
7198:Early Seljukids
7193:
7191:House of Seljuk
7188:
7134:
7097:
7095:Further reading
7092:
7091:
7084:
7065:
7059:
7055:
7048:
7029:
7023:
7019:
7012:
6993:
6987:
6983:
6976:
6957:
6951:
6947:
6940:
6921:
6915:
6911:
6904:
6885:
6879:
6858:
6851:
6832:
6826:
6822:
6815:
6796:
6790:
6786:
6779:
6760:
6754:
6745:
6738:
6719:
6713:
6709:
6702:
6683:
6677:
6660:
6653:
6634:
6628:
6617:
6610:
6591:
6585:
6570:
6563:
6544:
6538:
6534:
6527:
6508:
6502:
6467:
6460:
6441:
6435:
6431:
6422:
6418:
6411:
6392:
6386:
6377:
6370:
6351:
6349:"ATSIZ b. UVAK"
6345:
6338:
6331:
6309:
6300:
6294:Târîḫ-i Güzîde,
6291:
6287:
6281:Râhatü’s-sudûr,
6278:
6274:
6255:
6251:
6235:
6231:
6224:
6205:
6199:
6190:
6182:
6168:
6164:
6157:
6138:
6132:
6121:
6114:
6095:
6089:
6072:
6066:
6062:
6046:
6042:
6033:
6029:
6016:
6012:
5991:
5987:
5981:Wayback Machine
5967:
5963:
5954:
5947:
5941:Wayback Machine
5926:
5919:
5913:Wayback Machine
5897:
5890:
5881:
5877:
5869:Bosworth, C.E.
5868:
5864:
5855:
5848:
5840:
5836:
5819:
5815:
5810:
5806:
5800:Wayback Machine
5786:
5782:
5776:Wayback Machine
5766:
5762:
5756:Wayback Machine
5746:
5742:
5732:
5728:
5719:
5715:
5704:"The Saljuqids"
5702:
5701:
5697:
5688:
5680:
5676:
5669:
5655:
5651:
5644:
5630:
5626:
5619:
5605:
5601:
5594:
5577:
5573:
5568:
5546:Seljuk princess
5540:
5518:
5496:
5490:
5475:
5469:
5463:
5447:
5441:
5434:
5417:
5413:
5407:
5390:
5384:
5369:
5362:
5356:
5340:
5333:
5327:
5311:
5304:
5295:
5275:
5268:
5259:
5104:
5095:
5089:
5074:
5065:
5059:
5039:
5033:
5010:
5004:
4981:
4975:
4952:
4946:
4923:
4917:
4902:
4892:
4871:
4864:
4858:
4679:
4673:
4655:
4649:
4643:
4630:
4626:
4620:
4600:
4594:
4573:
4567:
4561:
4547:
4541:
4525:
4519:
4515:
4502:
4496:
4479:
4472:
4466:
4296:
4290:
4286:
4278:
4272:
4268:
4257:
4246:
4243:
4237:
4223:
4217:
4203:
4197:
4183:
4177:
4161:
4160:Dawud and Ahmad
4148:
4141:
4135:
3950:
3943:
3939:
3930:
3921:
3915:
3906:
3900:
3891:
3885:
3876:
3870:
3853:
3843:
3837:
3821:
3812:
3806:
3789:
3785:
3779:
3609:
3597:
3591:
3587:
3578:
3569:
3565:
3556:
3550:
3536:
3530:
3515:
3509:
3494:
3488:
3472:
3466:
3458:
3280:
3279:Abu Bakr, Umar,
3278:
3270:
3260:
3244:
3238:
3223:
3217:
3211:
3196:
3186:
3172:
3170:
3164:
3151:
3145:
2990:
2966:
2957:
2942:
2928:
2918:
2890:
2884:
2732:
2731:The founder of
2729:
2719:
2592:
2589:
2579:
2575:
2530:
2527:
2498:
2491:
2481:
2472:
2463:, 12th-century
2454:
2445:
2431:Ghiyath ad-Din
2411:Ghiyath ad-Din
2391:Ghiyath ad-Din
2377:Ghiyath ad-Din
2370:Ghiyath ad-Din
2358:Kilij Arslan IV
2342:Ghiyath ad-Din
2318:Ghiyath ad-Din
2299:Ghiyath ad-Din
2294:Kilij Arslan II
2253:
2224:
2223:
2153:Tughlaq dynasty
2125:Delhi Sultanate
1823:Tokhara Yabghus
1784:Tiele (Gaoche)
1749:202 BCE–13th CE
1737:
1727:
1726:
1670:Belief system:
1664:
1654:
1653:
1609:Karachay-Balkar
1476:
1466:
1465:
1297:
1247:
1241:
1110:
999:
993:
875:
855:Muhammad's son
827:
815:
811:
805:
789:
778:
774:
768:
752:
741:
737:
731:
715:
704:
700:
694:
678:
667:
665:
659:
643:
632:
630:Jalāl al-Dawlah
628:
622:
606:
594:
578:
569:
553:
542:
519:
468:
448:Persian culture
436:Persian culture
428:
416:Persian culture
327:
237:
208:
204:
184:
168:
157:, dethroned by
149:
80:10th century –
69:
58:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
11165:
11155:
11154:
11149:
11144:
11139:
11137:Seljuk dynasty
11122:
11121:
11119:
11118:
11106:
11094:
11082:
11070:
11057:
11054:
11053:
11050:
11049:
11047:
11046:
11041:
11036:
11031:
11026:
11021:
11020:
11019:
11009:
11004:
10999:
10994:
10989:
10984:
10983:
10982:
10980:Radio stations
10977:
10972:
10962:
10957:
10952:
10947:
10942:
10937:
10932:
10927:
10926:
10925:
10915:
10910:
10905:
10900:
10899:
10898:
10893:
10883:
10877:
10875:
10866:
10865:
10860:
10855:
10850:
10849:
10848:
10843:
10838:
10828:
10823:
10822:
10821:
10811:
10806:
10805:
10804:
10793:
10791:
10787:
10786:
10784:
10783:
10778:
10773:
10772:
10771:
10766:
10761:
10751:
10750:
10749:
10739:
10738:
10737:
10727:
10722:
10717:
10715:Turkish people
10711:
10709:
10703:
10702:
10700:
10699:
10698:
10697:
10692:
10687:
10680:Transportation
10677:
10672:
10667:
10662:
10657:
10656:
10655:
10650:
10645:
10640:
10630:
10625:
10620:
10615:
10610:
10604:
10602:
10596:
10595:
10592:
10591:
10589:
10588:
10587:
10586:
10581:
10576:
10566:
10561:
10560:
10559:
10554:
10544:
10539:
10534:
10528:
10526:
10522:
10521:
10519:
10518:
10513:
10508:
10503:
10502:
10501:
10496:
10485:
10483:
10477:
10476:
10474:
10473:
10472:
10471:
10466:
10461:
10456:
10446:
10445:
10444:
10434:
10428:
10426:
10419:
10413:
10412:
10409:
10408:
10406:
10405:
10400:
10395:
10390:
10388:National parks
10385:
10380:
10375:
10370:
10365:
10360:
10359:
10358:
10353:
10343:
10342:
10341:
10336:
10326:
10325:
10324:
10322:Climate change
10313:
10311:
10307:
10306:
10304:
10303:
10298:
10293:
10288:
10283:
10278:
10273:
10271:Marmara Region
10267:
10265:
10263:(west to east)
10252:
10246:
10245:
10242:
10241:
10239:
10238:
10233:
10228:
10223:
10218:
10217:
10216:
10205:
10203:
10199:
10198:
10196:
10195:
10190:
10189:
10188:
10178:
10176:Constitutional
10172:
10170:
10166:
10165:
10163:
10162:
10157:
10152:
10151:
10150:
10145:
10135:
10130:
10124:
10122:
10116:
10115:
10113:
10112:
10111:
10110:
10100:
10099:
10098:
10093:
10088:
10078:
10077:
10076:
10066:
10064:Transformation
10061:
10060:
10059:
10049:
10043:
10041:
10039:Ottoman Empire
10035:
10034:
10032:
10031:
10026:
10021:
10020:
10019:
10008:
10006:
9996:
9995:
9993:
9992:
9987:
9982:
9976:
9974:
9967:
9961:
9960:
9946:
9945:
9938:
9931:
9923:
9914:
9913:
9911:
9910:
9900:
9889:
9886:
9885:
9882:
9881:
9878:
9877:
9875:
9874:
9869:
9864:
9858:
9856:
9852:
9851:
9848:
9847:
9845:
9844:
9837:
9832:
9827:
9822:
9817:
9812:
9806:
9804:
9798:
9797:
9795:
9794:
9784:
9779:
9774:
9769:
9764:
9759:
9754:
9744:
9739:
9734:
9728:
9714:
9709:
9699:
9694:
9689:
9684:
9679:
9669:
9664:
9659:
9654:
9640:
9635:
9630:
9620:
9614:
9604:
9598:
9592:
9591:
9588:
9587:
9585:
9584:
9579:
9574:
9569:
9564:
9558:
9553:
9548:
9539:
9534:
9528:
9526:
9522:
9521:
9519:
9518:
9513:
9503:
9498:
9488:
9482:
9480:
9474:
9473:
9471:
9470:
9469:
9468:
9463:
9458:
9453:
9448:
9443:
9438:
9433:
9423:
9412:
9410:
9406:
9405:
9403:
9402:
9397:
9392:
9387:
9382:
9377:
9372:
9367:
9361:
9359:
9350:
9340:
9339:
9327:
9326:
9323:
9322:
9319:
9318:
9316:
9315:
9310:
9305:
9300:
9294:
9292:
9288:
9287:
9285:
9284:
9279:
9274:
9269:
9264:
9259:
9253:
9251:
9243:
9242:
9240:
9239:
9234:
9228:
9223:
9218:
9209:
9199:
9189:
9184:
9179:
9169:
9164:
9159:
9158:
9157:
9152:
9142:
9131:
9129:
9123:
9122:
9120:
9119:
9109:
9104:
9099:
9094:
9089:
9084:
9079:
9069:
9064:
9059:
9054:
9049:
9044:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8999:
8994:
8989:
8984:
8974:
8969:
8963:
8961:
8953:
8952:
8940:
8939:
8936:
8935:
8932:
8931:
8929:
8928:
8926:Supreme Leader
8923:
8918:
8913:
8907:
8905:
8899:
8898:
8896:
8895:
8890:
8888:Local councils
8885:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8864:
8862:
8858:
8857:
8855:
8854:
8849:
8844:
8834:
8829:
8824:
8819:
8814:
8804:
8799:
8794:
8788:
8783:
8774:
8769:
8768:
8767:
8765:Women's rights
8762:
8757:
8747:
8742:
8737:
8727:
8722:
8712:
8706:
8704:
8696:
8695:
8683:
8682:
8679:
8678:
8676:
8675:
8670:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8645:
8640:
8635:
8630:
8625:
8620:
8619:
8618:
8616:Climate change
8608:
8603:
8602:
8601:
8596:
8586:
8580:
8577:
8576:
8564:
8563:
8560:
8559:
8556:
8555:
8553:
8552:
8547:
8542:
8537:
8532:
8527:
8522:
8517:
8512:
8507:
8502:
8500:Jiroft culture
8497:
8496:
8495:
8488:Iranic peoples
8485:
8484:
8483:
8482:
8481:
8476:
8464:Persianization
8461:
8456:
8450:
8448:
8444:
8443:
8440:
8439:
8437:
8436:
8431:
8426:
8421:
8416:
8411:
8406:
8401:
8400:
8399:
8389:
8384:
8379:
8374:
8369:
8364:
8356:
8351:
8346:
8338:
8333:
8325:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8292:
8290:
8280:
8279:
8277:
8276:
8268:
8263:
8258:
8253:
8248:
8243:
8234:
8232:
8225:
8221:
8220:
8217:
8216:
8214:
8213:
8208:
8203:
8198:
8193:
8188:
8180:
8172:
8164:
8156:
8148:
8140:
8132:
8123:
8121:
8117:
8116:
8114:
8113:
8105:
8097:
8089:
8082:
8074:
8071:(1135/36-1225)
8066:
8058:
8050:
8042:
8033:
8031:
8027:
8026:
8024:
8023:
8015:
8007:
7999:
7991:
7983:
7975:
7967:
7959:
7950:
7948:
7941:
7935:
7934:
7931:
7930:
7928:
7927:
7918:
7916:
7912:
7911:
7909:
7908:
7900:
7892:
7884:
7881:(c.295–220 BC)
7876:
7868:
7860:
7852:
7844:
7835:
7833:
7829:
7828:
7826:
7825:
7817:
7809:
7801:
7793:
7785:
7777:
7769:
7761:
7753:
7745:
7740:Proto-Elamite
7737:
7728:
7726:
7719:
7715:
7714:
7702:
7701:
7689:
7688:
7680:
7679:
7672:
7665:
7657:
7648:
7647:
7645:
7644:
7639:
7634:
7632:Kaykhusraw III
7629:
7624:
7619:
7614:
7609:
7604:
7599:
7594:
7589:
7584:
7579:
7574:
7569:
7567:Kilij Arslan I
7564:
7559:
7553:
7551:
7548:Sultans of Rum
7544:
7543:
7541:
7540:
7535:
7530:
7525:
7520:
7514:
7512:
7501:
7500:
7498:
7497:
7492:
7487:
7482:
7477:
7471:
7469:
7458:
7457:
7455:
7454:
7449:
7444:
7442:Arslan-Shah II
7439:
7434:
7429:
7424:
7419:
7414:
7409:
7404:
7399:
7394:
7388:
7386:
7378:
7377:
7375:
7374:
7369:
7364:
7359:
7354:
7349:
7343:
7341:
7333:
7332:
7330:
7329:
7324:
7319:
7314:
7309:
7307:Malik-Shah III
7304:
7299:
7294:
7289:
7280:
7275:
7270:
7265:
7260:
7255:
7250:
7244:
7242:
7231:
7230:
7228:
7227:
7222:
7220:Arslan Isra'il
7217:
7212:
7207:
7201:
7199:
7195:
7194:
7187:
7186:
7179:
7172:
7164:
7158:
7157:
7145:
7138:
7132:
7119:
7096:
7093:
7090:
7089:
7082:
7053:
7046:
7017:
7010:
6981:
6974:
6945:
6938:
6909:
6902:
6856:
6849:
6830:"AHMED SENCER"
6820:
6813:
6784:
6777:
6743:
6736:
6717:"ARSLAN ARGUN"
6707:
6700:
6658:
6651:
6615:
6608:
6568:
6561:
6532:
6525:
6465:
6458:
6429:
6416:
6409:
6375:
6368:
6336:
6329:
6298:
6285:
6272:
6249:
6229:
6222:
6188:
6180:
6162:
6155:
6119:
6112:
6070:
6060:
6040:
6027:
6010:
5985:
5961:
5945:
5917:
5888:
5875:
5862:
5856:Michael Adas,
5846:
5834:
5813:
5804:
5780:
5760:
5749:Seljuq Dynasty
5740:
5726:
5713:
5695:
5674:
5667:
5649:
5642:
5624:
5617:
5599:
5592:
5570:
5569:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5562:
5557:
5552:
5547:
5539:
5536:
5533:
5532:
5531:
5530:
5528:
5520:
5519:
5515:
5514:
5512:
5510:
5508:
5505:
5504:
5485:
5483:
5472:de facto ruler
5458:
5456:
5425:
5423:
5400:
5398:
5377:
5375:
5348:
5346:
5345:. 1175 - 1177)
5337:Arslan II Shah
5319:
5317:
5283:
5281:
5280:. 1171 - 1172)
5267:. 1170 - 1171)
5245:
5244:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5236:
5234:
5232:
5230:
5228:
5226:
5224:
5222:
5220:
5218:
5216:
5214:
5212:
5210:
5208:
5206:
5203:
5202:
5200:
5198:
5196:
5194:
5192:
5190:
5188:
5186:
5184:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5176:
5174:
5172:
5170:
5168:
5166:
5164:
5162:
5160:
5158:
5156:
5154:
5152:
5150:
5148:
5146:
5144:
5142:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5134:
5132:
5130:
5128:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5118:
5115:
5114:
5112:
5084:
5082:
5054:
5052:
5025:
5023:
4996:
4994:
4967:
4965:
4943:Malik-Shah III
4938:
4936:
4912:
4910:
4881:
4879:
4877:
4849:
4848:
4846:
4844:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4830:
4828:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4820:
4818:
4816:
4814:
4812:
4810:
4808:
4806:
4804:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4796:
4794:
4792:
4790:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4782:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4772:
4770:
4768:
4766:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4754:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4746:
4744:
4742:
4740:
4738:
4736:
4734:
4732:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4716:
4714:
4712:
4710:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4702:
4700:
4698:
4696:
4693:
4692:
4665:
4663:
4652:de facto ruler
4638:
4636:
4618:Mu'mine Khatun
4615:
4613:
4586:
4584:
4582:
4553:
4551:
4533:
4531:
4512:
4510:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4438:
4436:
4434:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4420:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4412:
4410:
4408:
4405:
4404:
4402:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4394:
4392:
4390:
4388:
4386:
4384:
4382:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4370:
4368:
4366:
4364:
4362:
4360:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4334:
4332:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4308:
4306:
4304:
4302:
4283:
4281:
4263:
4261:
4254:
4252:
4245:Last sultan of
4229:
4227:
4209:
4207:
4189:
4187:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4126:
4125:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4117:
4115:
4113:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4105:
4103:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4095:
4093:
4091:
4089:
4087:
4085:
4083:
4081:
4079:
4077:
4075:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4063:
4061:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4049:
4047:
4045:
4043:
4041:
4039:
4037:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4029:
4027:
4025:
4023:
4021:
4019:
4017:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4009:
4007:
4005:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3997:
3995:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3983:
3981:
3979:
3977:
3975:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3967:
3965:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3957:
3955:
3953:
3936:
3934:
3927:
3925:
3912:
3910:
3897:
3895:
3882:
3880:
3862:
3860:
3832:
3830:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3770:
3769:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3761:
3759:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3747:
3745:
3743:
3741:
3739:
3737:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3695:
3693:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3685:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3677:
3675:
3673:
3671:
3669:
3667:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3659:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3637:
3635:
3633:
3631:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3608:Safiyya Khatun
3606:
3604:
3586:Khadija Arslan
3584:
3582:
3575:
3573:
3562:
3560:
3542:
3540:
3525:
3523:
3504:
3502:
3486:Atsiz ibn Uvaq
3483:
3481:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3444:
3442:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3434:
3432:
3430:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3402:
3400:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3380:
3378:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3356:
3354:
3352:
3350:
3348:
3346:
3344:
3342:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3300:
3298:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3275:
3273:
3266:
3264:
3257:
3255:
3250:
3248:
3231:
3229:
3203:
3201:
3179:
3177:
3161:
3159:
3139:
3138:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3112:
3110:
3108:
3106:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3098:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3088:
3086:
3084:
3082:
3080:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3034:
3032:
3030:
3028:
3026:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3014:
3012:
3009:
3008:
3006:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2998:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2954:
2952:
2937:
2935:
2932:Seljuk dynasty
2911:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2903:
2901:
2882:Qawam al-Dawla
2878:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2869:
2867:
2865:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2831:
2829:
2826:
2825:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2799:
2797:
2795:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2753:
2751:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2739:
2737:
2734:Seljuk dynasty
2712:
2710:
2708:
2706:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2698:
2696:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2672:
2670:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2662:
2660:
2658:
2656:
2654:
2652:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2636:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2624:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2614:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2606:
2604:
2602:
2600:
2598:
2595:The Oghuz army
2570:
2568:
2566:
2564:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2556:
2554:
2552:
2550:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2535:
2532:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2525:
2518:
2511:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2492:
2482:
2475:
2473:
2455:
2448:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2439:
2429:
2419:
2409:
2399:
2389:
2382:
2375:
2372:Kaykhusraw III
2368:
2361:
2354:
2347:
2340:
2333:
2326:
2316:
2310:
2304:
2297:
2290:
2283:
2277:
2274:Kilij Arslan I
2270:
2264:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2251:
2244:
2237:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2219:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2195:
2194:
2183:
2182:
2171:
2170:
2159:
2158:
2157:
2156:
2149:
2146:Khalji dynasty
2142:
2139:Mamluk dynasty
2132:
2131:
2120:
2119:
2108:
2107:
2101:Kerait Khanate
2096:
2095:
2084:
2083:
2072:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2059:
2058:
2047:
2046:
2035:
2034:
2023:
2022:
2011:
2010:
1999:
1998:
1997:
1996:
1989:
1979:
1978:
1967:
1966:
1955:
1954:
1943:
1942:
1931:
1930:
1919:
1918:
1907:
1906:
1895:
1894:
1883:
1882:
1871:
1870:
1859:
1858:
1850:
1849:
1848:
1847:
1839:
1819:
1818:
1810:
1799:
1798:
1790:
1789:
1788:
1787:
1777:
1776:
1765:
1764:
1763:
1762:
1752:
1751:
1738:
1733:
1732:
1729:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1720:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1695:
1694:
1692:
1681:
1680:
1678:
1665:
1660:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1623:
1622:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1569:
1568:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1542:
1541:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1488:
1487:
1485:
1477:
1472:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1459:
1453:
1452:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1435:
1434:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1399:
1398:
1396:
1390:
1389:
1387:
1381:
1380:
1378:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1360:
1354:
1353:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1342:
1336:
1335:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1318:
1317:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1306:
1298:
1295:Turkic peoples
1293:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1277:
1276:
1243:Main article:
1240:
1237:
1225:
1224:
1215:
1209:
1202:
1195:
1163:
1162:
1156:
1151:Tadj ad-Dawla
1149:
1143:
1132:
1125:
1118:
1109:
1106:
1094:
1093:
1087:
1081:
1078:Arslan Shah II
1075:
1069:
1063:
1057:
1051:
1045:
1035:
1034:
1028:
1022:
1016:
995:Main article:
992:
989:
981:
980:
974:
968:
962:
956:
953:Malik Shah III
950:
947:
946:
945:
939:
925:
916:
874:
871:
870:
869:
849:
848:
837:
836:
833:
821:
799:
798:
795:
784:
762:
761:
758:
747:
725:
724:
721:
710:
688:
687:
684:
673:
653:
652:
649:
638:
616:
615:
612:
600:
588:
587:
584:
575:
563:
562:
559:
548:
536:
535:
532:
531:Personal name
529:
518:
515:
497:commemorating
467:
464:
427:
424:
333:branch of the
326:
323:
197:Seljuk dynasty
191:
190:
141:
137:
136:
123:
119:
118:
117:
116:
114:Emir of Aleppo
111:
106:
101:
96:
89:
85:
84:
78:
74:
73:
64:
60:
59:
50:
42:
41:
40:Seljuk dynasty
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
11164:
11153:
11150:
11148:
11145:
11143:
11142:First Crusade
11140:
11138:
11135:
11134:
11132:
11117:
11116:
11107:
11105:
11104:
11095:
11093:
11092:
11083:
11081:
11080:
11071:
11069:
11068:
11063:
11059:
11058:
11055:
11045:
11042:
11040:
11037:
11035:
11032:
11030:
11027:
11025:
11022:
11018:
11015:
11014:
11013:
11010:
11008:
11005:
11003:
11000:
10998:
10995:
10993:
10990:
10988:
10985:
10981:
10978:
10976:
10973:
10971:
10968:
10967:
10966:
10963:
10961:
10958:
10956:
10953:
10951:
10948:
10946:
10943:
10941:
10938:
10936:
10933:
10931:
10928:
10924:
10921:
10920:
10919:
10916:
10914:
10911:
10909:
10906:
10904:
10901:
10897:
10894:
10892:
10889:
10888:
10887:
10884:
10882:
10879:
10878:
10876:
10874:
10870:
10864:
10861:
10859:
10856:
10854:
10851:
10847:
10844:
10842:
10839:
10837:
10834:
10833:
10832:
10829:
10827:
10824:
10820:
10817:
10816:
10815:
10812:
10810:
10807:
10803:
10800:
10799:
10798:
10795:
10794:
10792:
10788:
10782:
10779:
10777:
10774:
10770:
10767:
10765:
10762:
10760:
10757:
10756:
10755:
10752:
10748:
10745:
10744:
10743:
10740:
10736:
10733:
10732:
10731:
10728:
10726:
10723:
10721:
10718:
10716:
10713:
10712:
10710:
10708:
10704:
10696:
10693:
10691:
10688:
10686:
10683:
10682:
10681:
10678:
10676:
10673:
10671:
10668:
10666:
10663:
10661:
10658:
10654:
10651:
10649:
10646:
10644:
10641:
10639:
10636:
10635:
10634:
10631:
10629:
10626:
10624:
10621:
10619:
10616:
10614:
10611:
10609:
10606:
10605:
10603:
10601:
10597:
10585:
10582:
10580:
10577:
10575:
10572:
10571:
10570:
10567:
10565:
10562:
10558:
10555:
10553:
10550:
10549:
10548:
10545:
10543:
10540:
10538:
10535:
10533:
10530:
10529:
10527:
10523:
10517:
10514:
10512:
10509:
10507:
10504:
10500:
10497:
10495:
10492:
10491:
10490:
10487:
10486:
10484:
10482:
10478:
10470:
10467:
10465:
10462:
10460:
10457:
10455:
10452:
10451:
10450:
10447:
10443:
10440:
10439:
10438:
10435:
10433:
10430:
10429:
10427:
10423:
10420:
10418:
10414:
10404:
10401:
10399:
10396:
10394:
10391:
10389:
10386:
10384:
10381:
10379:
10376:
10374:
10371:
10369:
10366:
10364:
10361:
10357:
10354:
10352:
10351:Air pollution
10349:
10348:
10347:
10344:
10340:
10337:
10335:
10332:
10331:
10330:
10327:
10323:
10320:
10319:
10318:
10315:
10314:
10312:
10308:
10302:
10299:
10297:
10294:
10292:
10289:
10287:
10284:
10282:
10279:
10277:
10276:Aegean Region
10274:
10272:
10269:
10268:
10266:
10260:
10256:
10253:
10251:
10247:
10237:
10234:
10232:
10229:
10227:
10224:
10222:
10221:Turkification
10219:
10215:
10212:
10211:
10210:
10207:
10206:
10204:
10200:
10194:
10191:
10187:
10184:
10183:
10182:
10179:
10177:
10174:
10173:
10171:
10167:
10161:
10158:
10156:
10153:
10149:
10146:
10144:
10141:
10140:
10139:
10136:
10134:
10131:
10129:
10126:
10125:
10123:
10121:
10117:
10109:
10106:
10105:
10104:
10101:
10097:
10094:
10092:
10089:
10087:
10084:
10083:
10082:
10079:
10075:
10072:
10071:
10070:
10067:
10065:
10062:
10058:
10055:
10054:
10053:
10052:Classical Age
10050:
10048:
10045:
10044:
10042:
10040:
10036:
10030:
10027:
10025:
10022:
10018:
10015:
10014:
10013:
10012:Seljuk Empire
10010:
10009:
10007:
10005:
10001:
9997:
9991:
9988:
9986:
9983:
9981:
9978:
9977:
9975:
9971:
9968:
9966:
9962:
9958:
9953:
9944:
9939:
9937:
9932:
9930:
9925:
9924:
9921:
9909:
9905:
9901:
9899:
9891:
9890:
9887:
9873:
9870:
9868:
9865:
9863:
9860:
9859:
9857:
9853:
9843:
9842:
9838:
9836:
9833:
9831:
9828:
9826:
9823:
9821:
9818:
9816:
9813:
9811:
9808:
9807:
9805:
9803:
9799:
9792:
9788:
9785:
9783:
9780:
9778:
9775:
9773:
9770:
9768:
9765:
9763:
9760:
9758:
9755:
9752:
9748:
9745:
9743:
9740:
9738:
9735:
9732:
9729:
9726:
9722:
9721:news agencies
9718:
9715:
9713:
9710:
9707:
9703:
9700:
9698:
9695:
9693:
9690:
9688:
9685:
9683:
9680:
9677:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9665:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9652:
9650:
9644:
9641:
9639:
9636:
9634:
9631:
9628:
9624:
9621:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9609:
9606:
9605:
9602:
9599:
9597:
9593:
9583:
9580:
9578:
9575:
9573:
9570:
9568:
9565:
9562:
9559:
9557:
9554:
9552:
9549:
9547:
9543:
9540:
9538:
9535:
9533:
9530:
9529:
9527:
9523:
9517:
9514:
9511:
9507:
9504:
9502:
9499:
9496:
9492:
9489:
9487:
9484:
9483:
9481:
9479:
9475:
9467:
9464:
9462:
9459:
9457:
9454:
9452:
9449:
9447:
9444:
9442:
9439:
9437:
9434:
9432:
9429:
9428:
9427:
9424:
9421:
9417:
9414:
9413:
9411:
9407:
9401:
9398:
9396:
9393:
9391:
9388:
9386:
9383:
9381:
9378:
9376:
9373:
9371:
9368:
9366:
9363:
9362:
9360:
9358:
9354:
9351:
9349:
9345:
9341:
9337:
9332:
9328:
9314:
9311:
9309:
9306:
9304:
9301:
9299:
9296:
9295:
9293:
9289:
9283:
9280:
9278:
9275:
9273:
9270:
9268:
9265:
9263:
9260:
9258:
9255:
9254:
9252:
9250:
9244:
9238:
9235:
9232:
9229:
9227:
9224:
9222:
9219:
9217:
9213:
9210:
9207:
9203:
9200:
9197:
9193:
9190:
9188:
9185:
9183:
9180:
9177:
9173:
9170:
9168:
9165:
9163:
9160:
9156:
9153:
9151:
9148:
9147:
9146:
9143:
9140:
9136:
9133:
9132:
9130:
9128:
9124:
9117:
9113:
9110:
9108:
9105:
9103:
9100:
9098:
9095:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9083:
9082:Privatization
9080:
9077:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9063:
9060:
9058:
9055:
9053:
9050:
9048:
9045:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8988:
8985:
8982:
8978:
8975:
8973:
8970:
8968:
8965:
8964:
8962:
8958:
8954:
8950:
8945:
8941:
8927:
8924:
8922:
8919:
8917:
8914:
8912:
8909:
8908:
8906:
8904:
8900:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8865:
8863:
8859:
8853:
8850:
8848:
8845:
8842:
8838:
8835:
8833:
8830:
8828:
8825:
8823:
8820:
8818:
8815:
8812:
8808:
8805:
8803:
8800:
8798:
8795:
8792:
8789:
8787:
8784:
8782:
8778:
8775:
8773:
8770:
8766:
8763:
8761:
8758:
8756:
8753:
8752:
8751:
8748:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8735:
8731:
8728:
8726:
8723:
8720:
8716:
8713:
8711:
8708:
8707:
8705:
8701:
8697:
8693:
8688:
8684:
8674:
8671:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8649:
8646:
8644:
8641:
8639:
8636:
8634:
8631:
8629:
8626:
8624:
8621:
8617:
8614:
8613:
8612:
8609:
8607:
8604:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8591:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8581:
8578:
8574:
8569:
8565:
8551:
8550:Years in Iran
8548:
8546:
8543:
8541:
8538:
8536:
8533:
8531:
8528:
8526:
8523:
8521:
8518:
8516:
8513:
8511:
8508:
8506:
8503:
8501:
8498:
8494:
8491:
8490:
8489:
8486:
8480:
8477:
8475:
8474:Turco-Persian
8472:
8471:
8470:
8467:
8466:
8465:
8462:
8460:
8457:
8455:
8452:
8451:
8449:
8445:
8435:
8432:
8430:
8427:
8425:
8422:
8420:
8417:
8415:
8412:
8410:
8407:
8405:
8402:
8398:
8395:
8394:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8378:
8375:
8373:
8370:
8368:
8365:
8363:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8343:War (1980–88)
8339:
8337:
8334:
8332:
8326:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8294:
8293:
8291:
8286:
8281:
8275:
8269:
8267:
8264:
8262:
8259:
8257:
8254:
8252:
8249:
8247:
8244:
8242:
8236:
8235:
8233:
8229:
8226:
8222:
8212:
8209:
8207:
8204:
8202:
8199:
8197:
8194:
8192:
8189:
8187:
8181:
8179:
8173:
8171:
8165:
8163:
8157:
8155:
8149:
8147:
8141:
8139:
8135:Qara Qoyunlu
8133:
8131:
8125:
8124:
8122:
8118:
8112:
8106:
8104:
8098:
8096:
8090:
8088:
8083:
8081:
8075:
8073:
8067:
8065:
8059:
8057:
8051:
8049:
8043:
8041:
8035:
8034:
8032:
8028:
8022:
8016:
8014:
8008:
8006:
8000:
7998:
7992:
7990:
7984:
7982:
7976:
7974:
7968:
7966:
7960:
7958:
7952:
7951:
7949:
7945:
7942:
7936:
7926:
7920:
7919:
7917:
7913:
7907:
7901:
7899:
7893:
7891:
7885:
7883:
7877:
7875:
7869:
7867:
7861:
7859:
7853:
7851:
7845:
7843:
7837:
7836:
7834:
7832:550 BC–AD 224
7830:
7824:
7818:
7816:
7810:
7808:
7802:
7800:
7794:
7792:
7788:Neo-Assyrian
7786:
7784:
7778:
7776:
7770:
7768:
7762:
7760:
7754:
7752:
7746:
7744:
7738:
7736:
7730:
7729:
7727:
7723:
7720:
7716:
7712:
7707:
7703:
7699:
7694:
7690:
7685:
7678:
7673:
7671:
7666:
7664:
7659:
7658:
7655:
7643:
7640:
7638:
7635:
7633:
7630:
7628:
7625:
7623:
7620:
7618:
7615:
7613:
7612:Kaykhusraw II
7610:
7608:
7605:
7603:
7600:
7598:
7595:
7593:
7590:
7588:
7585:
7583:
7580:
7578:
7575:
7573:
7570:
7568:
7565:
7563:
7560:
7558:
7555:
7554:
7552:
7549:
7545:
7539:
7536:
7534:
7531:
7529:
7526:
7524:
7521:
7519:
7516:
7515:
7513:
7510:
7506:
7502:
7496:
7493:
7491:
7488:
7486:
7483:
7481:
7478:
7476:
7473:
7472:
7470:
7467:
7463:
7459:
7453:
7450:
7448:
7447:Turan-Shah II
7445:
7443:
7440:
7438:
7435:
7433:
7430:
7428:
7425:
7423:
7422:Arslan-Shah I
7420:
7418:
7415:
7413:
7410:
7408:
7405:
7403:
7400:
7398:
7395:
7393:
7390:
7389:
7387:
7384:
7381:Governors of
7379:
7373:
7370:
7368:
7365:
7363:
7360:
7358:
7355:
7353:
7350:
7348:
7345:
7344:
7342:
7339:
7336:Governors of
7334:
7328:
7325:
7323:
7320:
7318:
7317:Suleiman-Shah
7315:
7313:
7310:
7308:
7305:
7303:
7300:
7298:
7295:
7293:
7290:
7288:
7284:
7281:
7279:
7276:
7274:
7273:Malik-Shah II
7271:
7269:
7266:
7264:
7261:
7259:
7256:
7254:
7251:
7249:
7246:
7245:
7243:
7240:
7239:Seljuk Empire
7236:
7232:
7226:
7223:
7221:
7218:
7216:
7213:
7211:
7208:
7206:
7203:
7202:
7200:
7196:
7192:
7185:
7180:
7178:
7173:
7171:
7166:
7165:
7162:
7154:
7150:
7146:
7143:
7139:
7135:
7129:
7125:
7120:
7116:
7112:
7108:
7104:
7099:
7098:
7085:
7079:
7075:
7071:
7064:
7057:
7049:
7043:
7039:
7035:
7028:
7021:
7013:
7007:
7003:
6999:
6992:
6985:
6977:
6971:
6967:
6963:
6956:
6949:
6941:
6935:
6931:
6927:
6920:
6913:
6905:
6899:
6895:
6891:
6884:
6877:
6875:
6873:
6871:
6869:
6867:
6865:
6863:
6861:
6852:
6846:
6842:
6838:
6831:
6824:
6816:
6810:
6806:
6802:
6795:
6788:
6780:
6774:
6770:
6766:
6759:
6752:
6750:
6748:
6739:
6733:
6729:
6725:
6718:
6711:
6703:
6697:
6693:
6689:
6682:
6675:
6673:
6671:
6669:
6667:
6665:
6663:
6654:
6648:
6644:
6640:
6633:
6626:
6624:
6622:
6620:
6611:
6605:
6601:
6597:
6590:
6583:
6581:
6579:
6577:
6575:
6573:
6564:
6558:
6554:
6550:
6543:
6536:
6528:
6522:
6518:
6514:
6507:
6500:
6498:
6496:
6494:
6492:
6490:
6488:
6486:
6484:
6482:
6480:
6478:
6476:
6474:
6472:
6470:
6461:
6455:
6451:
6447:
6440:
6433:
6426:
6420:
6412:
6406:
6402:
6398:
6391:
6384:
6382:
6380:
6371:
6365:
6361:
6357:
6350:
6343:
6341:
6332:
6326:
6322:
6318:
6314:
6307:
6305:
6303:
6295:
6289:
6282:
6276:
6269:
6265:
6263:
6258:
6253:
6246:
6242:
6240:
6233:
6225:
6219:
6215:
6211:
6204:
6197:
6195:
6193:
6183:
6177:
6173:
6166:
6158:
6152:
6148:
6144:
6137:
6136:"SELÇUKLULAR"
6130:
6128:
6126:
6124:
6115:
6109:
6105:
6101:
6094:
6087:
6085:
6083:
6081:
6079:
6077:
6075:
6064:
6057:
6053:
6049:
6048:C.E. Bosworth
6044:
6037:
6031:
6024:
6020:
6014:
6007:
6003:
5999:
5998:C.E. Bosworth
5995:
5989:
5982:
5978:
5975:
5971:
5965:
5958:
5952:
5950:
5942:
5938:
5935:
5931:
5930:
5924:
5922:
5914:
5910:
5907:
5903:
5902:
5895:
5893:
5885:
5882:Tony Jaques,
5879:
5872:
5866:
5859:
5853:
5851:
5843:
5838:
5831:
5827:
5823:
5820:Wink, Andre,
5817:
5808:
5801:
5797:
5794:
5790:
5784:
5777:
5773:
5770:
5764:
5757:
5753:
5750:
5744:
5736:
5730:
5723:
5717:
5709:
5705:
5699:
5687:
5686:
5678:
5670:
5664:
5660:
5653:
5645:
5639:
5635:
5628:
5620:
5614:
5610:
5603:
5595:
5589:
5585:
5581:
5575:
5571:
5561:
5558:
5556:
5553:
5551:
5550:Seljuk Empire
5548:
5545:
5542:
5541:
5529:
5527:
5526:
5525:
5522:
5521:
5506:
5503:
5499:
5494:
5489:
5482:
5478:
5473:
5467:
5462:
5455:
5454:
5451:
5445:
5438:
5432:
5431:
5421:
5416:
5411:
5406:
5405:
5397:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5382:
5373:
5368:
5367:
5361:. 1177–1183)
5360:
5355:
5354:
5353:Turan II Shah
5344:
5339:
5338:
5331:
5326:
5325:
5315:
5310:
5309:
5302:
5298:
5297:
5290:
5289:
5279:
5274:
5273:
5266:
5262:
5261:
5253:
5252:
5246:
5243:
5235:
5233:
5204:
5197:
5189:
5159:
5131:
5129:
5120:
5116:
5111:
5107:
5102:
5101:
5093:
5088:
5081:
5077:
5072:
5071:
5063:
5058:
5051:
5050:
5047:
5043:
5037:
5032:
5031:
5022:
5021:
5018:
5014:
5008:
5003:
5002:
5001:Suleiman-Shah
4993:
4992:
4989:
4985:
4979:
4974:
4973:
4964:
4963:
4960:
4956:
4950:
4945:
4944:
4935:
4934:
4931:
4927:
4921:
4916:
4909:
4905:
4900:
4896:
4891:
4890:
4885:
4875:
4870:
4869:
4862:
4857:
4856:
4850:
4847:
4839:
4837:
4831:
4825:
4819:
4811:
4809:
4801:
4799:
4798:
4791:
4779:
4777:
4771:
4767:
4765:
4759:
4755:
4753:
4747:
4731:
4729:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4694:
4691:
4690:
4687:
4683:
4677:
4672:
4671:
4662:
4658:
4653:
4647:
4642:
4634:
4629:
4625:
4619:
4612:
4611:
4608:
4604:
4598:
4593:
4592:
4581:
4580:
4577:
4571:
4565:
4560:
4559:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4539:
4538:Malik-Shah II
4529:
4524:
4518:
4509:
4505:
4500:
4495:
4494:
4483:
4478:
4477:
4476:Arslan I Shah
4470:
4465:
4464:
4458:
4455:
4431:
4429:
4425:
4423:
4419:
4417:
4411:
4407:
4406:
4395:
4363:
4341:
4337:
4335:
4329:
4325:
4314:
4312:
4300:
4295:
4289:
4277:
4271:
4267:
4266:Gawhar Khatun
4260:
4259:Other princes
4251:
4250:
4241:
4236:
4235:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4215:
4206:
4201:
4196:
4195:
4186:
4181:
4176:
4175:
4164:
4163:Other princes
4152:
4147:
4146:
4139:
4134:
4133:
4127:
4124:
4116:
4114:
4106:
4104:
4096:
4094:
4086:
4084:
4076:
4074:
4070:
4068:
4064:
4062:
4058:
4056:
4055:
4046:
4006:
3998:
3986:
3984:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3959:
3948:
3942:
3933:
3932:Other princes
3924:
3919:
3909:
3904:
3894:
3889:
3879:
3874:
3869:
3868:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3849:
3845:
3842:Tamghach Khan
3836:
3835:Turkan Khatun
3829:
3825:
3819:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3804:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3777:
3771:
3768:
3760:
3758:
3750:
3748:
3740:
3738:
3730:
3728:
3720:
3718:
3702:
3701:
3694:
3662:
3660:
3644:
3642:
3634:
3619:
3617:
3612:
3601:
3596:
3590:
3581:
3580:Other princes
3572:
3568:
3559:
3554:
3549:
3548:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3522:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3501:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3480:
3479:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3461:
3457:
3456:
3450:
3447:
3439:
3437:
3429:
3427:
3419:
3417:
3409:
3407:
3399:
3397:
3381:
3379:
3371:
3370:
3361:
3329:
3327:
3303:
3301:
3293:
3288:
3286:
3272:
3263:
3254:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3236:
3228:
3227:
3221:
3215:
3210:
3209:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3190:
3185:
3184:
3176:
3168:
3157:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3140:
3137:
3129:
3127:
3119:
3117:
3111:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3093:
3085:
3073:
3061:
3059:
3053:
3049:
3047:
3043:
3041:
3010:
3007:
3005:
3003:
3001:
3000:
2997:
2993:
2992:(İnanç Yabgu)
2989:
2988:
2969:
2964:
2960:
2956:The mother of
2950:
2946:
2941:
2934:
2933:
2926:
2922:
2917:
2916:
2900:
2896:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2876:
2868:
2866:
2858:
2856:
2840:
2838:
2830:
2828:
2827:
2820:
2796:
2794:
2778:
2776:
2757:
2755:
2736:
2735:
2727:
2723:
2718:
2717:
2680:
2678:
2618:
2616:
2597:
2596:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2577:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2524:
2519:
2517:
2512:
2510:
2505:
2504:
2502:
2501:
2490:
2486:
2479:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2447:
2446:
2437:
2436:(fourth time)
2434:
2430:
2427:
2424:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2407:
2406:(second time)
2404:
2400:
2397:
2396:(second time)
2394:
2390:
2387:
2383:
2380:
2376:
2373:
2369:
2366:
2362:
2359:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2344:Kaykhusraw II
2341:
2338:
2334:
2331:
2327:
2324:
2323:(second time)
2321:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2295:
2291:
2288:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2271:
2268:
2265:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2250:
2245:
2243:
2238:
2236:
2231:
2230:
2228:
2227:
2215:
2214:
2213:Ottoman State
2210:
2209:
2204:
2203:
2202:Bahri dynasty
2199:
2198:
2197:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2185:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2173:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2154:
2150:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2141:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2134:
2133:
2127:
2126:
2122:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2098:
2097:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2085:
2079:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2052:Seljuk Empire
2049:
2048:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2036:
2030:
2029:
2025:
2024:
2018:
2017:
2013:
2012:
2006:
2005:
2001:
2000:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1974:
1973:
1969:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1957:
1956:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1933:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1914:
1913:
1909:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1897:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1873:
1872:
1866:
1865:
1861:
1860:
1857:
1856:
1855:Sabiri People
1852:
1851:
1843:
1840:
1835:
1832:
1831:
1830:
1828:
1824:
1814:
1811:
1806:
1803:
1802:
1801:
1800:
1797:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1780:
1779:
1778:
1772:
1771:
1767:
1766:
1761:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1754:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1730:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1697:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1687:
1683:
1682:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1668:
1663:
1658:
1657:
1648:
1646:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1619:
1616:
1615:
1612:
1610:
1607:
1606:
1603:
1601:
1598:
1597:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1583:
1580:
1579:
1576:
1574:
1571:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1544:
1543:
1540:
1538:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1493:
1490:
1489:
1486:
1484:
1481:
1480:
1475:
1470:
1469:
1460:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1451:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1431:
1428:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1409:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1388:
1386:
1383:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1343:
1341:
1338:
1337:
1334:
1332:
1329:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1290:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1265:
1260:
1259:Third Crusade
1256:
1251:
1246:
1236:
1235:
1234:
1231:
1222:
1221:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1207:
1203:
1200:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1160:
1157:
1154:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1116:
1112:
1111:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1084:Turan Shah II
1082:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1054:Arslan Shah I
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1038:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1010:
1009:
1007:
1003:
998:
988:
986:
985:Khwarezm Shah
978:
975:
972:
969:
966:
965:Suleiman-Shah
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
943:
940:
937:
933:
929:
926:
923:
920:
919:
917:
914:
911:
910:
909:
907:
903:
899:
895:
888:
884:
879:
868:
866:
862:
858:
853:
852:
846:
842:
838:
826:
814:
804:
800:
788:
777:
767:
763:
751:
750:Malik Shah II
740:
730:
726:
714:
703:
693:
689:
677:
658:
654:
642:
631:
621:
617:
604:
593:
589:
568:
564:
552:
541:
537:
526:
523:
511:
506:
500:
496:
492:
491:Toghrol Tower
488:
481:
477:
472:
466:Seljuk rulers
463:
461:
457:
453:
449:
445:
441:
438:and used the
437:
433:
423:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
396:
391:
387:
383:
379:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
351:Kazakh Steppe
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
325:Early history
322:
320:
319:First Crusade
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
299:Seljuk Empire
296:
292:
288:
287:Turco-Persian
284:
280:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
246:
242:
241:
232:
202:
198:
188:
181:
177:
176:
172:
165:
160:
156:
155:
146:
142:
138:
134:
131:
127:
124:
120:
115:
112:
110:
107:
105:
102:
100:
99:Sultan of Rum
97:
95:
92:
91:
90:
86:
83:
79:
75:
72:
68:
67:Seljuk Empire
65:
61:
57:
53:
48:
43:
38:
33:
32:Seljuk Empire
19:
11113:
11101:
11089:
11077:
11065:
10950:Illumination
10886:Architecture
10814:Human rights
10802:Universities
10720:Ethnic Kurds
10707:Demographics
10618:Construction
9999:
9855:Other topics
9839:
9767:Persian name
9706:Islamization
9648:
9608:Architecture
9561:universities
9506:Zoroastrians
9501:Christianity
9491:Baháʼí Faith
9441:Azerbaijanis
9348:Demographics
9162:Construction
9150:Central Bank
9092:Space Agency
8987:Child labour
8822:Principlists
8802:Cyberwarfare
8750:Human rights
8715:Constitution
8510:Azerbaijanis
8479:Indo-Persian
8459:Greater Iran
8330:siege (1980)
8289:1979–present
7940:early modern
7938:Medieval and
7732:Kura-Araxes
7642:Kayqubad III
7587:Kaykhusraw I
7432:Toghrul-Shah
7412:Turan-Shah I
7372:Ahmad Sanjar
7367:Arslan-Argun
7287:Ahmad Sanjar
7258:Malik-Shah I
7190:
7152:
7141:
7123:
7109:(1): 54–70.
7106:
7102:
7069:
7056:
7033:
7020:
6997:
6984:
6961:
6948:
6925:
6912:
6889:
6836:
6823:
6800:
6787:
6764:
6723:
6710:
6687:
6638:
6595:
6548:
6535:
6512:
6445:
6432:
6424:
6419:
6396:
6355:
6316:
6313:"MÛSÂ YABGU"
6293:
6288:
6280:
6275:
6260:
6252:
6247:1332, p. 10.
6237:
6232:
6209:
6203:"KAVURD BEY"
6171:
6165:
6142:
6099:
6063:
6055:
6051:
6043:
6035:
6030:
6018:
6013:
5993:
5988:
5964:
5956:
5927:
5899:
5883:
5878:
5870:
5865:
5857:
5841:
5837:
5821:
5816:
5807:
5788:
5783:
5763:
5743:
5729:
5721:
5716:
5707:
5698:
5684:
5677:
5658:
5652:
5633:
5627:
5608:
5602:
5583:
5574:
5523:
5495:. 1210–1225)
5492:
5471:
5468:. 1191–1210)
5465:
5442:
5436:
5427:
5422:. 1114–1117)
5419:
5414:
5412:. 1113–1114)
5409:
5402:
5389:. 1095–1113)
5386:
5379:
5374:. 1183–1187)
5371:
5363:
5358:
5350:
5342:
5334:
5329:
5321:
5313:
5305:
5303:. 1172–1175)
5300:
5292:
5285:
5277:
5269:
5264:
5255:
5248:
5097:
5094:. 1186-1191)
5091:
5087:Qizil Arslan
5067:
5064:. 1175–1186)
5061:
5040:
5038:. 1160–1177)
5035:
5027:
5011:
5009:. 1159–1160)
5006:
4998:
4982:
4980:. 1153–1159)
4977:
4969:
4953:
4951:. 1152–1153)
4948:
4940:
4924:
4922:. 1131–1132)
4919:
4914:
4898:
4887:
4883:
4876:. 1156–1170)
4873:
4868:Toghrul Shah
4865:
4863:. 1142–1156)
4860:
4852:
4680:
4678:. 1134–1152)
4675:
4667:
4651:
4648:. 1160–1175)
4645:
4632:
4627:
4601:
4599:. 1132–1134)
4596:
4588:
4570:First sultan
4568:
4566:. 1118–1131)
4563:
4555:
4548:
4546:. 1104-1105)
4543:
4535:
4516:
4501:. 1095–1104)
4498:
4491:
4484:. 1101–1142)
4481:
4473:
4471:. 1097–1101)
4468:
4460:
4299:Al-Mustazhir
4287:
4269:
4258:
4249:Great Seljuk
4244:
4242:. 1118–1153)
4239:
4234:Ahmad Sanjar
4231:
4224:
4222:. 1105–1118)
4219:
4211:
4204:
4202:. 1092–1104)
4199:
4191:
4184:
4182:. 1092–1094)
4179:
4171:
4162:
4153:. 1085–1097)
4150:
4145:Turan I Shah
4142:
4140:. 1074–1085)
4137:
4129:
3940:
3931:
3920:. 1092–1097)
3917:
3914:Arslan-Argun
3905:. 1083–1092)
3902:
3890:. 1066–1083)
3887:
3877:
3875:. 1072–1092)
3872:
3867:Malik-Shah I
3864:
3839:
3823:
3811:. 1079–1095)
3808:
3801:
3791:
3786:
3784:. 1073–1074)
3781:
3773:
3610:
3588:
3579:
3566:
3557:
3555:. 1063–1072)
3552:
3544:
3537:
3532:
3527:
3514:. 1086–1094)
3511:
3493:. 1076–1079)
3490:
3473:
3471:. 1048–1073)
3468:
3452:
3268:
3261:
3253:Ibrahim Inal
3243:. 1040–1060)
3240:
3233:
3220:First sultan
3218:
3216:. 1037–1063)
3213:
3205:
3187:
3181:
3169:. 1069–1071)
3166:
3150:. 1028–1048)
3147:
2994:Governor of
2991:
2985:
2948:
2944:
2931:
2929:
2924:
2920:
2915:Arslan Yabgu
2913:
2889:. 1012–1028)
2886:
2733:
2730:
2725:
2721:
2714:
2590:
2585:
2581:
2572:
2435:
2426:(third time)
2425:
2423:Kayqubad III
2416:(third time)
2415:
2405:
2403:Kayqubad III
2395:
2386:Kayqubad III
2356:Rukn ad-Din
2322:
2320:Kaykhusraw I
2301:Kaykhusraw I
2285:Rukn ad-Din
2211:
2200:
2186:
2176:Golden Horde
2174:
2162:
2151:
2144:
2137:
2123:
2111:
2099:
2087:
2075:
2064:
2050:
2038:
2026:
2014:
2002:
1991:
1984:
1970:
1958:
1946:
1934:
1922:
1910:
1898:
1888:Kangar Union
1886:
1874:
1862:
1853:
1820:
1793:
1782:
1768:
1757:
1743:
1263:
1227:
1226:
1219:
1173:
1172:
1165:
1164:
1139:
1122:Malik Shah I
1095:
1042:Turan Shah I
1036:
1031:Hussain Omar
1000:
982:
891:
887:Malik Shah I
861:Ahmad Sanjar
854:
825:Ahmad Sanjar
813:Muizz al-Din
812:
802:
775:
765:
755:ملک شاہ دوم
739:Muizz al-Din
738:
728:
701:
691:
656:
646:ملک شاہ یکم
641:Malik Shah I
635:جلال الدولہ
629:
619:
591:
566:
539:
520:
429:
426:Later period
393:
375:
328:
295:Central Asia
276:Sunni Muslim
272:Oghuz Turkic
267:
263:
260:Seljuk Turks
259:
255:
251:
200:
196:
194:
179:
164:Great Seljuk
163:
161:
153:
144:
18:Seljuk Turks
11103:WikiProject
11034:Video games
10826:Individuals
10819:LGBT rights
10809:Health care
10776:Immigration
10557:Gendarmerie
10516:Referendums
10432:Legislative
10329:Earthquakes
10214:Oghuz Turks
10103:Dissolution
9872:Tehrangeles
9835:Traditional
9572:Nationality
9510:persecution
9495:persecution
9446:Circassians
9395:Neo-Aramaic
9375:Azerbaijani
9247:State-owned
9172:Health care
9135:Agriculture
8972:Brain drain
8911:Ambassadors
8606:Earthquakes
8143:Aq Qoyunlu
8092:Muzaffarid
8069:Eldiguzids
8061:Anushtegin
7887:Kingdom of
7863:Kingdom of
7855:Kingdom of
7847:Atropatene
7839:Achaemenid
7780:Kingdom of
7725:3400–539 BC
7627:Kayqubad II
7592:Suleiman II
7550:(1092–1307)
7538:Sultan-Shah
7511:(1086–1117)
7468:(1076–1105)
7437:Bahram-Shah
7407:Sultan-Shah
7397:Kerman-Shah
7385:(1048–1188)
7362:Toghan-Shah
7357:Arslan-Shah
7340:(1040–1118)
7327:Toghrul III
7322:Arslan-Shah
7312:Muhammad II
7241:(1037–1194)
7225:Musa Yabghu
6758:"BERKYARUK"
6093:"ÇAĞRI BEY"
5735:Saljuq-nama
5444:Last sultan
5430:Toghrul III
5415:Sultan Shah
5308:Bahrām Shah
5272:Bahrām Shah
5100:Toghrul III
5080:Arslan-Shah
5070:Toghrul III
5030:Arslan-Shah
4972:Muhammad II
4661:Arslan-Shah
4514:Mah-i Malak
4132:Sultan Shah
3947:Kara-Khanid
3884:Arslan-Shah
3848:Kara-Khanid
3776:Kerman Shah
3271:Hasan Yabgu
3259:Artash Inal
3235:Chaghri Beg
3193:the founder
3143:Abu Kalijar
2996:Tokharistan
2923:. ? –
2724:. ? –
2584:. ? –
2574:Tuqaq Temur
2496:Family tree
2485:sarcophagus
2421:Ala ad-Din
2401:Ala ad-Din
2384:Ala ad-Din
2365:Kayqubad II
2363:Ala ad-Din
2349:Izz ad-Din
2335:Ala ad-Din
2328:Izz ad-Din
2307:Suleyman II
2292:Izz ad-Din
1827:Turk Shahis
1774:71 BC–?? AD
1492:Azerbaijani
1313:Oghuz Turks
1159:Sultan Shah
1142:) 1094–1095
1140:second time
1098:Malik Dinar
1072:Bahram-Shah
1066:Tuğrul Shah
1025:Sultan Shah
1019:Kerman Shah
977:Toghrul III
971:Arslan-Shah
959:Muhammad II
944:, 1132–1133
792:محمد تاپار
605:(Arslan I)
367:Oghuz Turks
339:Caspian Sea
335:Oghuz Turks
289:culture in
171:Toghrul III
140:Dissolution
126:Sunni Islam
11131:Categories
10975:Newspapers
10960:Literature
10940:Folk dance
10841:Corruption
10725:Minorities
10653:Renewables
10608:Automotive
10417:Government
10148:Secularism
9772:Philosophy
9731:newspapers
9712:Literature
9617:architects
9612:Achaemenid
9532:Corruption
8992:Corruption
8832:Reformists
8827:Propaganda
8725:Corruption
8710:Censorship
8653:Lake Urmia
8341:Iran–Iraq
8037:Ghaznavid
7915:AD 224–651
7879:Frataraka
7711:Prehistory
7617:Kaykaus II
7607:Kayqubad I
7572:Malik-Shah
7562:Suleiman I
7533:Alp Arslan
7352:Alp Arslan
7297:Tughril II
7278:Muhammad I
7253:Alp Arslan
6955:"TUĞRUL I"
6681:"MELİKŞAH"
6439:"AKSUNGUR"
6390:"KUTALMIŞ"
6292:Müstevfî,
6239:Selcûḳnâme
5566:References
5502:Eldiguzids
5481:Eldiguzids
5404:Alp Arslan
5110:Eldiguzids
4628:until 1134
4624:Toghrul II
4591:Toghrul II
4528:Al-Muqtadi
4194:Bark-Yaruq
3899:Doğan-Shah
3547:Alp Arslan
3528:2.Suleiman
3455:Qawurd-Beg
2987:Mûsâ Yabgu
2975:Yûsuf Inal
2970:and Artash
2947:. ? -
2716:Seljuk Beg
2351:Kaykaus II
2337:Kayqubad I
2280:Malik Shah
2267:Suleyman I
1900:Turk Shahi
1582:Karakalpak
1060:Muhammad I
942:Toghrul II
906:Eldiguzids
835:1118–1153
818:معز الدین
797:1105–1118
760:1104–1105
744:معز الدین
723:1094–1105
713:Barkiyaruq
686:1092–1094
651:1072–1092
614:1063–1072
609:الپ ارسلان
603:Alp Arslan
581:سلیمان شاہ
561:1037–1063
456:literature
386:Ghaznavids
283:Persianate
122:Traditions
56:Kayqubad I
11152:Maturidis
11029:TV series
10987:Miniature
10930:Festivals
10846:Terrorism
10797:Education
10730:Languages
10574:Air Force
10489:Elections
10437:Executive
10383:Mountains
10250:Geography
10169:Overviews
10108:Partition
10074:Tulip era
9737:Mythology
9643:Calendars
9633:Astronomy
9542:Education
9451:Georgians
9436:Assyrians
9431:Armenians
9357:Languages
9249:companies
9212:Transport
9192:Petroleum
8977:Companies
8916:President
8903:Officials
8837:Terrorism
8786:Air Force
8730:Elections
8668:Provinces
8663:Mountains
8573:Geography
8493:languages
8231:1925–1979
8159:Afsharid
8120:1370–1925
8108:Chobanid
8002:Saffarid
7954:Rashidun
7922:Sasanian
7903:Kings of
7895:Parthian
7871:Seleucid
7812:Scythian
7772:Kassites
7756:Akkadian
7602:Kaykaus I
7557:Qutalmish
7518:Aq Sunqur
7505:Governors
7490:Tutush II
7462:Governors
7417:Iran-Shah
7283:Mahmud II
7268:Berkyaruq
7248:Tughril I
6423:Beyhakī,
5294:Arslan II
5258:Arslan II
4884:Tutush II
4633:from 1136
4558:Mahmud II
4276:Ghaznavid
3465:of Kirman
3208:Toghrul I
3183:Qutalmish
3175:Palestine
3163:Kurlu Bey
3158:in Kirman
2951:. ?)
2930:Chief of
2728:. ?)
2588:. ?)
2576:Yalig Beg
2438:1303–1307
2428:1301–1303
2418:1294–1301
2408:1293–1294
2398:1284–1293
2381:1282–1284
2374:1265–1282
2367:1249–1257
2360:1248–1265
2353:1246–1260
2346:1237–1246
2339:1220–1237
2332:1211–1220
2330:Kaykaus I
2325:1205–1211
2315:1204–1205
2303:1192–1196
2296:1156–1192
2289:1116–1156
2282:1107–1116
2276:1092–1107
2263:1060–1077
2261:Kutalmish
2217:1299–1922
2192:1250–1517
2180:1242–1502
2168:1224–1266
2129:1206–1526
2117:1136–1225
2093:1077–1231
2081:1067–1239
2056:1037–1194
1876:Xueyantuo
1718:Grey wolf
1700:Ergenekon
1676:Shamanism
1448:Krymchaks
1358:Kutrigurs
1233:Toghtekin
1212:Tutush II
1208:1095–1104
1201:1079–1095
1194:1076–1079
1190:Aziz ibn
1161:1114–1123
1155:1113–1114
1148:1095–1113
1131:1087–1094
1117:1085–1086
1104:in 1196.
1086:1176–1183
1062:1142–1156
1056:1101–1142
1033:1075–1084
1021:1073–1074
979:1177–1194
973:1161–1177
967:1159–1161
961:1153–1159
955:1152–1153
924:1131–1132
915:1118–1131
913:Mahmud II
857:Mahmud II
830:احمد سنجر
681:محمود یکم
551:Tughril I
398:. At the
380:, in the
371:Syr Darya
355:Turkestan
345:in their
291:West Asia
270:, was an
268:Saljuqids
252:Saljuqian
201:Seljukids
159:Toghtekin
11079:Category
11017:Football
11002:Painting
10945:Folklore
10853:Marriage
10759:Istanbul
10742:Religion
10695:Railways
10685:Aviation
10623:Currency
10481:Politics
10449:Judicial
10425:Branches
10403:Wildlife
10193:Military
10181:Economic
10086:Tanzimat
9898:Category
9791:football
9782:Scouting
9692:Iranians
9682:Folklore
9478:Religion
9390:Georgian
9370:Armenian
9231:shipping
9226:railways
9216:airlines
9182:Industry
9047:Taxation
8861:Councils
8777:Military
8692:Politics
8673:Wildlife
8638:Caucasus
8520:Persians
8447:See also
8271:Iranian
8238:Pahlavi
8151:Safavid
8127:Timurid
8030:977–1432
8010:Ziyarid
7986:Tahirid
7978:Samanid
7970:Abbasid
7962:Umayyad
7947:632–1090
7764:Lullubi
7748:Elamite
7637:Mesud II
7523:Tutush I
7480:Tutush I
7466:Damascus
7338:Khorasan
7263:Mahmud I
7151:(1971).
6056:Mathnawī
5977:Archived
5937:Archived
5909:Archived
5796:Archived
5772:Archived
5752:Archived
5738:Empire")
5582:(2002).
5538:See also
4622:wife of
4521:married
4517:Princess
4463:Iranshah
4292:married
4288:Princess
4274:married
4270:Princess
4174:Mahmud I
3945:married
3941:Princess
3856:Mahmud I
3611:Princess
3600:Al-Qa'im
3593:married
3589:Princess
3507:Aksungur
3262:(Artāsh)
2895:Governor
2461:fritware
2457:Shatranj
2433:Mesud II
2413:Mesud II
2393:Mesud II
2379:Mesud II
2044:963–1186
2032:860–1091
2020:856–1335
2008:848–1036
1976:840–1212
1952:750–1055
1928:743–1035
1868:618–1048
1795:Göktürks
1770:Dingling
1672:Tengrism
1645:Krymchak
1385:Kipchaks
1322:Saragurs
1199:Tutush I
1183:Damascus
1168:Artuqids
1136:Tutush I
1115:Tutush I
894:Abbasids
865:Khurasan
718:برکیارق
676:Mahmud I
577:Suleiman
460:language
343:Aral Sea
315:Anatolia
249:سلجوقیان
187:Mesud II
152:Baktāsh
145:Damascus
130:Maturidi
11115:Outline
11091:Commons
11024:Theater
11007:Pottery
10923:Ottoman
10918:Cuisine
10896:Ottoman
10873:Culture
10858:Poverty
10790:Society
10675:Tourism
10628:Defense
10600:Economy
10442:Cabinet
10373:Geology
10317:Climate
10259:Regions
10186:Ottoman
10004:Beyliks
10000:Seljuks
9965:History
9841:Ey Iran
9789: (
9749: (
9725:student
9723: (
9719: (
9704: (
9672:Cuisine
9657:Fashion
9645: (
9625: (
9610: (
9596:Culture
9544: (
9508: (
9493: (
9466:Turkmen
9418: (
9409:Peoples
9380:Kurdish
9336:Society
9237:Tourism
9214: (
9204: (
9194: (
9174: (
9167:Defense
9137: (
9127:Sectors
9114: (
9074: (
8979: (
8960:General
8949:Economy
8839: (
8809: (
8779: (
8732: (
8717: (
8703:General
8658:Islands
8594:largest
8584:Borders
8053:Seljuk
8045:Ghurid
7994:Alavid
7804:Median
7796:Urartu
7718:Ancient
7698:History
7577:Mesud I
7347:Chaghri
7237:of the
7235:Sultans
6542:"TUTUŞ"
6023:Ottoman
5844:, p. 51
5758:article
5500:of the
5479:of the
5453:Seljuks
5332:. 1175)
5316:. 1175)
5108:of the
5049:Seljuks
5020:Seljuks
4991:Seljuks
4962:Seljuks
4933:Seljuks
4915:2.Dawud
4908:Dimashq
4901:. 1104)
4895:Baktāsh
4689:Seljuks
4641:Ildeniz
4610:Seljuks
4579:Seljuks
4526:caliph
4523:Abbasid
4508:Dimashq
4297:caliph
4294:Abbasid
4285:Sayyeda
3851:dynasty
3844:Ibrahim
3818:Dimashq
3794:. 1074)
3598:caliph
3595:Abbasid
3535:. 1063)
3500:Dimashq
3269:Abu Ali
2968:Ibrahim
2963:Chaghri
2959:Toghrul
2927:. 1032)
2487:at the
2483:Seljuk
2443:Gallery
2287:Mesud I
1964:756–940
1940:744–840
1916:699–766
1904:665-850
1892:659–750
1880:628–646
1845:682–744
1837:581–650
1816:581–657
1808:552–581
1573:Qasgqai
1564:Chuvash
1555:Bashkir
1528:Turkmen
1483:Turkish
1439:Dolgans
1403:Uyghurs
1367:Karluks
1340:Bulgars
1331:Utigurs
1304:Onogurs
1220:(Ertaş)
1175:Sultans
1166:To the
898:Baghdad
408:Tughril
404:Isfahan
390:Tughril
349:in the
279:dynasty
266:or the
256:Seljuqs
245:Persian
185:1308 –
169:1194 –
154:(Ertaş)
150:1104 –
77:Founded
63:Country
11067:Portal
11012:Sports
10913:Cinema
10908:Carpet
10891:Seljuk
10881:Anthem
10764:Ankara
10633:Energy
10525:Topics
10393:Rivers
10310:Topics
10202:Topics
9957:Turkey
9908:Portal
9667:Cinema
9649:Nowruz
9546:higher
9420:abroad
9385:Hebrew
9291:Places
9187:Mining
9012:Energy
8589:Cities
8505:Aryans
8224:Modern
8175:Qajar
8018:Buyid
7686:topics
7528:Ridwan
7509:Aleppo
7495:Irtash
7402:Husein
7392:Qawurd
7383:Kerman
7215:Mikail
7210:Seljuk
7130:
7080:
7044:
7008:
6972:
6936:
6900:
6847:
6811:
6775:
6734:
6698:
6649:
6606:
6559:
6523:
6456:
6425:Târîḫ,
6407:
6366:
6327:
6268:Ankara
6245:Tahran
6220:
6178:
6153:
6110:
5828:
5665:
5640:
5615:
5590:
5544:Khatun
5524:Notes:
5498:Atabeg
5477:Atabeg
5396:Aleppo
5291:&
5288:Bahrām
5251:Bahrām
5106:Atabeg
5076:Atabeg
5042:Sultan
5013:Sultan
4984:Sultan
4955:Sultan
4926:Sultan
4889:Artash
4886:&
4682:Sultan
4657:Atabeg
4603:Sultan
3828:Aleppo
3814:Sultan
3803:Tutush
3567:Prince
3521:Aleppo
3517:Sultan
3475:Kerman
3460:Seljuk
3189:Father
2899:Kerman
2272:Dawud
1636:Karaim
1627:Gagauz
1546:Kyrgyz
1519:Uyghur
1510:Kazakh
1430:Yakuts
1421:Kumyks
1412:Tatars
1013:Qavurt
1002:Kerman
938:) 1132
928:Mas'ud
803:Sultan
766:Sultan
729:Sultan
692:Sultan
657:Sultan
620:Sultan
592:Sultan
534:Reign
499:Toğrül
495:Tehran
458:, and
432:Persia
395:dehqan
378:Persia
363:Yabghu
359:Seljuk
175:Tekish
133:Hanafi
88:Titles
82:Seljuk
10997:Names
10992:Music
10965:Media
10836:Crime
10769:İzmir
10378:Lakes
10363:Fauna
9802:Music
9787:Sport
9717:Media
9702:Islam
9638:Blogs
9582:Women
9537:Crime
9525:Other
9486:Islam
9456:Kurds
9221:metro
9139:fruit
9097:Setad
8167:Zand
8077:Kart
7485:Duqaq
7475:Atsiz
7302:Masud
7292:Dawud
7205:Tuqaq
7066:(PDF)
7030:(PDF)
6994:(PDF)
6958:(PDF)
6922:(PDF)
6886:(PDF)
6833:(PDF)
6797:(PDF)
6761:(PDF)
6720:(PDF)
6684:(PDF)
6635:(PDF)
6592:(PDF)
6545:(PDF)
6509:(PDF)
6442:(PDF)
6393:(PDF)
6352:(PDF)
6206:(PDF)
6139:(PDF)
6096:(PDF)
5689:(PDF)
5450:Iraqi
5392:Malik
5046:Iraqi
5017:Iraqi
4988:Iraqi
4959:Iraqi
4930:Iraqi
4686:Iraqi
4670:Masud
4607:Iraqi
4576:Iraqi
4493:Duqaq
3938:Aisha
3153:Buyid
2980:Yûnus
2892:Buyid
2016:Qocho
1714:Sheka
1704:Asena
1690:Ülgen
1686:Kayra
1618:Tuvan
1600:Kumyk
1591:Sakha
1537:Tatar
1501:Uzbek
1376:Kimek
1349:Sabir
1230:Burid
1206:Duqaq
1179:Emirs
1006:Umman
932:Jibal
922:Dawud
902:emirs
845:Oghuz
808:سلطان
771:سلطان
734:سلطان
697:سلطان
662:سلطان
625:سلطان
597:سلطان
586:1063
331:Kinik
240:-juuk
199:, or
11039:Wine
10935:Flag
10638:Coal
10584:Navy
10579:Land
10047:Rise
10002:and
9830:Rock
9815:Jazz
9810:Folk
9676:wine
9461:Jews
8791:Navy
8781:Army
8760:LGBT
7684:Iran
7285:and
7128:ISBN
7078:ISBN
7042:ISBN
7006:ISBN
6970:ISBN
6934:ISBN
6898:ISBN
6845:ISBN
6809:ISBN
6773:ISBN
6732:ISBN
6696:ISBN
6647:ISBN
6604:ISBN
6557:ISBN
6521:ISBN
6454:ISBN
6405:ISBN
6364:ISBN
6325:ISBN
6218:ISBN
6176:ISBN
6151:ISBN
6108:ISBN
5974:LINK
5934:LINK
5906:LINK
5832:p. 9
5826:ISBN
5793:LINK
5769:LINK
5663:ISBN
5638:ISBN
5613:ISBN
5588:ISBN
5448:The
5296:Shah
5260:Shah
4904:Amir
4574:The
4504:Amir
4247:The
3949:khan
3820:and
3496:Amir
3463:Shah
3224:The
3156:Amir
2465:Iran
2388:1284
1716:and
1702:and
1688:and
1674:and
1253:The
1223:1104
1214:1104
934:and
930:(in
881:The
556:طغرل
508:The
476:Iran
418:and
341:and
311:Iran
293:and
195:The
189:died
10903:Art
10648:Oil
10643:Gas
9820:Pop
9623:Art
9206:TCI
7507:of
7464:of
7111:doi
5394:of
5364:18.
5351:17.
5335:16.
5322:15.
5306:14.
5286:13.
5270:12.
5256:11.
5249:10.
5078:of
5044:of
5015:of
4986:of
4957:of
4928:of
4906:of
4897:) (
4684:of
4659:of
4605:of
4506:of
3846:of
3816:of
3519:of
3498:of
3191:of
2897:in
2593:of
1181:of
896:of
572:بیگ
567:Bey
545:بیگ
540:Bey
452:art
406:by
353:of
313:to
238:SEL
180:Rum
11133::
10970:TV
7105:.
7068:.
7032:.
6996:.
6960:.
6924:.
6888:.
6859:^
6835:.
6799:.
6763:.
6746:^
6722:.
6686:.
6661:^
6637:.
6618:^
6594:.
6571:^
6547:.
6511:.
6468:^
6444:.
6395:.
6378:^
6354:.
6339:^
6315:.
6301:^
6259:,
6208:.
6191:^
6141:.
6122:^
6098:.
6073:^
6004:,
6000:;
5948:^
5920:^
5891:^
5849:^
5706:.
5446:of
5428:9.
5254:,
5028:8.
4999:7.
4970:6.
4941:5.
4866:9.
4853:8.
4668:4.
4589:3.
4572:of
4556:1.
4536:7.
4474:7.
4461:6.
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