503:
616:
253:
267:
39:
382:, the scientific and cultural centers were established in Kerman, and with these actions, Kerman, which was away from the main scientific centers, became the center of science in the southeastern region of Iran's plateau. In addition, Kerman and Makran under ruling of Seljuk, grew in agriculture and Animal husbandry, and Progressed in Commerce and trade which led to improved economic and social conditions.
228:
3252:: "... Not only did the inhabitants of Khurasan not succumb to the language of the nomadic invaders, but they imposed their own tongue on them. The region could even assimilate the Turkic Ghaznavids and Seljuks (eleventh and twelfth centuries), the Timurids (fourteenthâfifteenth centuries), and the Qajars (nineteenthâtwentieth centuries) ..."
3190:): "... Because the Turkish Seljuqs had no Islamic tradition or strong literary heritage of their own, they adopted the cultural language of their Persian instructors in Islam. Literary Persian thus spread to the whole of Iran, and the Arabic language disappeared in that country except in works of religious scholarship ..."
538:
on 16 May 1073. Malik Shah was able to defeat Qavurt's forces. Although Qavurt escaped, he was soon arrested. Initially Malik Shah was tolerant to his uncle. But Nizam al-Mulk convinced the young sultan to execute Qavurt. Nizam al-Mulk also executed Qavurt's four sons. Later he eliminated most of
494:, his second son. He also expressed his concern about possible throne struggles. The main contestants for the throne were his eldest son Ayaz and his brother Qavurt. As a compromise, he willed generous grants to Ayaz and Qavurt. He also willed Qavurt to marry his widow.
3227:): "... here one might bear in mind that Turco-Persian dynasties such as the Ghaznavids, Seljuqs and Ilkhanids were rapidly to adopt the Persian language and have their origins traced back to the ancient kings of Persia rather than to Turkish heroes or Muslim saints ..."
378:, and this state, as the highway of this important economic road, could use tremendous wealth with the conditions it had created. Regarding the scientific and social conditions, at this time, with the efforts of the Shahs such as
365:
The government is the first powerful local government in the Kerman and Makran region, which, in addition to political and security stability, could create economic prosperity in the provinces. It was during this period that the
1580:
452:. The Seljuqs defeated the Ghaznavids at the Battle of Nasa plains in 1035. Tughril, Chaghri, and Yabghu received the insignias of governor, grants of land, and were given the title of
3597:
1670:
552:
510:
Malik Shah was only 17 or 18 years of age when he ascended to throne. Although Ayaz presented no problem, he faced with the serious problem of Qavurt's rebellion. His vizier
3642:
1573:
1622:
1616:
1566:
3677:
3647:
2826:
1658:
1646:
1652:
3165:
3903:
3220:
567:
his capital. By 1186, however, Muhammad-Shah been unable to handle the Ghuzz, and he decided to abandon Bam and departed from Kerman. The Ghuzz chief
3667:
3682:
1664:
3687:
514:
was even more worried for he had become the de facto ruler of the empire during young Malik Shah's reign. Although Qavurt had only a small army,
3672:
3652:
3607:
1628:
2991:
615:
3637:
1610:
548:
432:, the supreme chieftain of the Oghuz, he split his clan off from the bulk of the Tokuz-Oghuz and set up camp on the west bank of the lower
518:
officiers in Malik Shah's army tended to support Qavurt. So Malik Shah and Nizam al-Mulk added non Turkic regiments to Seljuk army.
3422:
586:
354:. For first time in this period, an independent state was formed in Kerman; eventually, after 150 years, with the invasion of the
436:. Around 985, Seljuq converted to Islam. In the 11th century the Seljuqs migrated from their ancestral homelands into mainland
3918:
3236:
F. Daftary, "Sectarian and
National Movements in Iran, Khorasan, and Trasoxania during Umayyad and Early Abbasid Times", in
3913:
3908:
3011:
3312:
3353:
3300:
3271:
3074:
3702:
3745:
3389:
3056:
Golden, Peter B. (1992). An
Introduction to the History of the Turkic People. Otto Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden. p. 209
3602:
1257:
3162:
589:. Eventually, however, he realized that he could get no assistance in recovering Kerman. He made his way to the
3372:
3217:
2934:
1676:
1326:
1319:
379:
3119:. Institute of Strategic Studies of the Caucasus. Volume 5, Issue 1-2. 2011, p.116. CA&CC Press. Sweden.
421:. During the 10th century, due to various events, the Oghuz had come into close contact with Muslim cities.
3415:
3249:
3657:
3562:
3345:
3182:
3523:
3114:
1684:
568:
359:
3542:
3503:
3337:
3241:
2988:
1521:
1167:
1146:
523:
150:
555:
to the throne of Kerman in 1183. By the time of his ascension Kerman had been overrun by bands of
3408:
2976:
1175:
574:
Muhammad-Shah at first hoped to receive foreign assistance to reacquire Kerman, and traveled to
502:
3802:
3778:
3552:
3455:
2442:
1634:
1472:
1337:
1138:
3532:
3213:
3157:
1051:
3044:
3027:
3773:
3768:
3725:
825:
459:
351:
299:
3832:
8:
1688:
1305:
915:
471:
246:
3812:
3758:
3314:
Salim Koca: The Forces in the
Determination of the Political Power in the Seljuk State
3199:
M. Ravandi, "The Seljuq court at Konya and the
Persianisation of Anatolian Cities", in
1422:
1293:
391:
316:
1596:
was a province in southern Persia. Between 1053 and 1154, the territory also included
3460:
3368:
3349:
3296:
3267:
3070:
1842:
1281:
1047:
978:
449:
350:
who succeeded the ruler of this dynasty after the surrender of the ruler of
Buyyids,
3837:
3788:
3692:
3578:
3518:
3450:
1729:
1399:
1269:
1092:
995:
906:
897:
888:
861:
816:
807:
790:
479:
441:
77:
3008:
398:, who in the 9th century lived on the periphery of the Muslim world, north of the
3862:
3822:
3224:
3169:
3015:
2995:
1593:
1486:
1458:
1156:
969:
960:
942:
879:
852:
843:
475:
3872:
3807:
3715:
3547:
3431:
3187:
1479:
1078:
1068:
951:
933:
924:
870:
834:
628:
604:
425:
339:
3897:
3852:
3662:
3557:
3513:
3479:
3155:
O.ĂzgĂŒndenli, "Persian
Manuscripts in Ottoman and Modern Turkish Libraries",
2541:
1640:
1546:
1535:
1385:
1128:
727:
590:
575:
539:
the Turkic commanders of the army whom he suspected to be Qavurt's partisan.
511:
414:
335:
331:
233:
101:
3882:
3827:
3612:
3527:
3498:
1509:
1221:
1188:
1117:
682:
583:
491:
593:
and spent the remainder of his life in the service of the Ghurid sultans.
3867:
3587:
3567:
3465:
1951:
1160:
646:
556:
399:
395:
375:
343:
319:
127:
87:
1683:
Muhammad abandoned Kerman, which fell into the hands of the Oghuz chief
448:
empire. In 1025, 40,000 families of Oghuz Turks migrated to the area of
3857:
3847:
3592:
3537:
3493:
1497:
1446:
1373:
1233:
515:
3264:
The
Cambridge History of Iran: Volume 5: The Saljuq and Mongol Periods
1245:
3842:
3797:
3730:
3508:
3488:
1361:
1209:
1033:
1009:
781:
691:
564:
445:
433:
418:
410:
367:
109:
67:
3103:
Agricultural and
Pastoral Societies in Ancient and Classical History
3877:
3763:
3720:
3706:
1434:
1103:
1005:
718:
655:
519:
403:
97:
3400:
3342:
The New
Islamic Dynasties: a Chronological and Genealogical Manual
1023:
490:
Alp Arslan died in 1072. But before death he willed his throne to
3817:
1410:
1197:
772:
736:
700:
673:
664:
637:
560:
535:
467:
463:
346:
origin. The
Founder of this dynasty, Emadeddin Kara Arslan Ahmad
105:
462:
they defeated a Ghaznavid army, and after a successful siege of
38:
3749:
3735:
3632:
3475:
3245:
2061:
1604:
763:
754:
745:
454:
437:
429:
407:
347:
327:
323:
57:
474:. The Seljuqs mixed with the local population and adopted the
3445:
3266:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 188, Map 4.
1733:
1349:
1037:
1019:
709:
371:
355:
260:
3295:
Sina AkĆin-Ămit Hassan: TĂŒrkiye Tarihi 1 Vatan Kitap, 2009,
3026:
The History of the Seljuq Turks: From the Jami Al-Tawarikh (
1597:
579:
293:
288:
559:. Their devastation of the province had made the city of
3367:. New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press. p. 147.
470:
in 1050/51, they established an empire later called the
428:, the leader of the Seljuq clan, had a falling out with
315:(Persian: ŰłÙŰŹÙÙÛŰ§Ù Ú©Ű±Ù
Ű§Ù SaljĆ«qiyÄn-i Kerman) was a
3365:
The Empire of the Steppes: a History of Central Asia
370:
burgeoned with the flourishing of the ports of Tiz,
3325:
3323:
3286:
EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica, Expo 70 ed. Vol 14, p. 699
385:
3117:Journal of Social, Political and Economic Studies
619:Court of Seljuk ruler Tughril III, circa 1200 CE.
582:requesting help. He also sought for aid from the
3895:
3320:
3336:
3041:History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey
571:quickly seized control of Kerman in his place.
563:virtually uninhabitable, so Muhammad-Shah made
506:Map of the Kirman Seljuk Sultanate in 1180 CE.
3416:
3388:
3067:Al Hind: the Making of the Indo-Islamic World
1574:
3261:
3904:States and territories established in 1048
3423:
3409:
3383:Early Seljuq History: A New Interpretation
3240:, Vol 4, pt. 1; edited by M.S. Asimov and
3175:
3146:, (Greenwood Publishing Group, 2007), 476.
1581:
1567:
596:
522:also supported Malik Shah. The clash, the
37:
3396:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
3362:
3238:History of Civilizations of Central Asia
3133:, Edinburgh University Press, 1963, 242.
3069:Brill Academic Publishers, Jan 1, 1996,
501:
3193:
3149:
3007:Merriam-Webster Online â Definition of
1687:. Kerman was eventually annexed by the
3896:
3394:The Shorter Cambridge Medieval History
3105:, (Temple University Press, 2001), 99.
3097:
3095:
163:âą Murdered of Iranshah of Kerman
3404:
3144:Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: F-O
2951:
2949:
2947:
2945:
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2031:
2029:
2027:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2013:
2011:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1971:
1965:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1957:
1955:
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1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
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1936:
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1930:
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1918:
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1809:
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1801:
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1737:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
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1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1696:
497:
16:Seljuk Sultanate in Kerman and Makran
3115:"The Caucasus & Globalization."
551:, Muhammad-Shah succeeded his uncle
485:
362:, the Kerman Seljuk Sultanate fell.
3430:
3092:
322:state, established in the parts of
13:
614:
330:which had been conquered from the
14:
3930:
3201:Mesogeios (Mediterranean Studies)
413:of the Oghuz confederacy, in the
390:The Seljuqs originated from the
265:
251:
226:
3385:; New York, NY; Routledge; 2010
3306:
3289:
3280:
3255:
3230:
3212:M.A. Amir-Moezzi, "Shahrbanu",
3206:
3136:
3123:
3108:
386:Early history of Seljuq dynasty
149:âą War with Great Seljuks (
3203:, vol. 25â6 (2005), pp. 157â69
3080:
3059:
3050:
3033:
3020:
3001:
2981:
2970:
1:
3186:, "Seljuq", Online Edition, (
3087:Islam: An Illustrated History
2964:
605:History of the Turkic peoples
526:, was at a location known as
444:, where they encountered the
338:which was established by the
3919:History of the Seljuk Empire
3250:Institute of Ismaili Studies
542:
7:
3914:1048 establishments in Asia
3262:Boyle (Ed.), J. A. (1958).
1411:CumanâKipchak Confederation
1258:KimekâKipchak Confederation
100:: Independent Sultanate of
32:1041 (429 AH)â1187 (583 AH)
10:
3935:
3909:History of Kerman province
3346:Edinburgh University Press
2987:Concise Britannica Online
1018:Chief gods and goddesses:
482:in the following decades.
3787:
3744:
3701:
3621:
3576:
3474:
3438:
2904:
2902:
2886:
2884:
2848:
2846:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2784:
2774:
2770:
2768:
2766:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2677:
2675:
2592:
2590:
2489:
2487:
2430:
2428:
2388:
2386:
2374:
2372:
2320:
2318:
2281:
2269:
2267:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2213:
2211:
2203:
2201:
2160:
2158:
2156:
2150:
2148:
2146:
2132:
2128:
2126:
2124:
2118:
2116:
2114:
2007:
2005:
1898:
1896:
1789:
1787:
1439:11th centuryâ13th century
281:
205:
201:
191:
183:âą invasion of Oghuz
181:
171:
161:
147:
137:
133:
123:
115:
93:
83:
73:
63:
53:
45:
36:
31:
21:
3131:The Ghaznavids: 994-1040
1522:Mamluk Sultanate (Cairo)
1168:Eastern Turkic Khaganate
1147:Western Turkic Khaganate
1093:Yenisei Kyrgyz Khaganate
524:Battle of Kerj Abu Dulaf
3363:Grousset, Rene (1988).
3183:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
2939:Twelfth & Last shah
1176:Second Turkic Khaganate
597:Seljuq rulers of Kerman
313:Kerman Seljuk Sultanate
26:ÙۧÙÙ۱ÙŰŻÛŰ§Ù Ûۧ ŰąÙ ÙۧÙÙ۱ۯ
23:Kerman Seljuk Sultanate
2977:Family tree of Seljuks
1635:Iranshah ibn Turanshah
1338:Ganzhou Uyghur Kingdom
1139:First Turkic Khaganate
620:
507:
193:âą Disestablished
177:1169-1176 (563-572 AH)
3214:Encyclopaedia Iranica
3158:Encyclopaedia Iranica
1447:Atabegs of Azerbaijan
1079:Yenisei Kyrgyz People
618:
505:
74:Common languages
1649:(Muhammad) 1142â1156
460:Battle of Dandanaqan
442:province of Khurasan
352:Abu Kalijar Marzuban
300:United Arab Emirates
3216:, Online Edition, (
3161:, Online Edition, (
1327:Eastern Kara-Khanid
1320:Western Kara-Khanid
1306:Kara-Khanid Khanate
472:Great Seljuk Empire
247:Khwarazmian dynasty
139:âą Established
3223:2007-03-11 at the
3168:2012-01-22 at the
3014:2007-10-15 at the
2994:2007-01-14 at the
1423:Khwarazmian Empire
1294:Karluk Yabgu State
1032:Epics and heroes:
621:
508:
498:Qavurt's rebellion
173:âą Civil Wars
3891:
3890:
3381:Peacock, A.C.S.,
3246:UNESCO Publishing
2962:
2961:
2313:Hussein Omar-Shah
1843:Mikail ibn Seljuq
1689:Khwarezmid Empire
1591:
1590:
1556:
1555:
1552:
1527:
1515:
1503:
1498:Qarlughid Kingdom
1464:
1452:
1440:
1428:
1416:
1391:
1379:
1367:
1362:Pecheneg Khanates
1355:
1343:
1311:
1299:
1287:
1282:Oghuz Yabgu State
1275:
1263:
1251:
1246:TĂŒrgesh Khaganate
1239:
1227:
1215:
1203:
1180:
1172:
1151:
1143:
1109:
1084:
1059:
1058:
986:
985:
798:
797:
609:
486:Alp Arslan's will
450:Caucasian Albania
309:
308:
277:
276:
273:
272:
239:
238:
3926:
3838:Kilij Arslan III
3693:Muhammad-Shah II
3425:
3418:
3411:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3392:, C. W. (1971).
3378:
3359:
3330:
3329:Bosworth, p. 174
3327:
3318:
3317:
3310:
3304:
3293:
3287:
3284:
3278:
3277:
3259:
3253:
3234:
3228:
3210:
3204:
3197:
3191:
3179:
3173:
3153:
3147:
3140:
3134:
3127:
3121:
3112:
3106:
3099:
3090:
3084:
3078:
3063:
3057:
3054:
3048:
3039:Shaw, Stanford.
3037:
3031:
3024:
3018:
3005:
2999:
2985:
2979:
2974:
2935:Muhammad-Shah II
1694:
1693:
1583:
1576:
1569:
1550:
1525:
1513:
1501:
1462:
1450:
1438:
1426:
1414:
1400:Sultanate of Rum
1389:
1377:
1374:Ghaznavid Empire
1365:
1353:
1341:
1309:
1297:
1285:
1273:
1270:Uyghur Khaganate
1261:
1249:
1237:
1225:
1213:
1201:
1198:Khazar Khaganate
1178:
1170:
1149:
1141:
1107:
1082:
1074:
1073:
1069:Pre-14th century
1046:Major concepts:
1001:
1000:
996:Turkic Mythology
813:
812:
808:Turkic Languages
791:Crimean Karaites
728:Cherniye Klobuki
634:
633:
608:preâ14th century
607:
601:
600:
480:Persian language
380:Muhammad-Shah II
302:
269:
268:
255:
254:
243:
242:
230:
229:
223:
222:
207:
206:
64:Capital-in-exile
41:
19:
18:
3934:
3933:
3929:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3863:Kilij Arslan IV
3823:Kilij Arslan II
3783:
3740:
3697:
3668:Muhammad-Shah I
3617:
3572:
3470:
3439:Early Seljukids
3434:
3432:House of Seljuk
3429:
3375:
3356:
3338:Bosworth, C. E.
3333:
3328:
3321:
3315:
3311:
3307:
3294:
3290:
3285:
3281:
3274:
3260:
3256:
3235:
3231:
3225:Wayback Machine
3211:
3207:
3198:
3194:
3180:
3176:
3170:Wayback Machine
3154:
3150:
3141:
3137:
3129:Bosworth, C.E.
3128:
3124:
3113:
3109:
3100:
3093:
3085:
3081:
3064:
3060:
3055:
3051:
3038:
3034:
3025:
3021:
3016:Wayback Machine
3006:
3002:
2996:Wayback Machine
2986:
2982:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2956:Thirteenth shah
2955:
2938:
2839:
2830:
2721:
2636:
2634:Muhammad-Shah I
2545:
2446:
2335:
2326:
2315:
2194:
2065:
1587:
1558:
1557:
1487:Tughlaq dynasty
1459:Delhi Sultanate
1157:Tokhara Yabghus
1118:Tiele (Gaoche)
1083:202 BCEâ13th CE
1071:
1061:
1060:
1004:Belief system:
998:
988:
987:
943:Karachay-Balkar
810:
800:
799:
631:
599:
545:
500:
488:
476:Persian culture
388:
342:, which was of
305:
298:
266:
252:
227:
194:
184:
174:
164:
154:
140:
104:
27:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3932:
3922:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3889:
3888:
3886:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3873:Kaykhusraw III
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3808:Kilij Arslan I
3805:
3800:
3794:
3792:
3789:Sultans of Rum
3785:
3784:
3782:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3755:
3753:
3742:
3741:
3739:
3738:
3733:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3712:
3710:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3683:Arslan-Shah II
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3650:
3645:
3640:
3635:
3629:
3627:
3619:
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3615:
3610:
3605:
3600:
3595:
3590:
3584:
3582:
3574:
3573:
3571:
3570:
3565:
3560:
3555:
3550:
3548:Malik-Shah III
3545:
3540:
3535:
3530:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3485:
3483:
3472:
3471:
3469:
3468:
3463:
3461:Arslan Isra'il
3458:
3453:
3448:
3442:
3440:
3436:
3435:
3428:
3427:
3420:
3413:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3386:
3379:
3373:
3360:
3354:
3332:
3331:
3319:
3305:
3288:
3279:
3272:
3254:
3229:
3205:
3192:
3174:
3148:
3135:
3122:
3107:
3101:Michael Adas,
3091:
3079:
3058:
3049:
3032:
3019:
3000:
2989:Seljuq Dynasty
2980:
2968:
2966:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2950:
2948:
2946:
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2860:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2837:Arslan-Shah II
2834:
2832:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2815:
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2173:
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2169:
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2159:
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2137:
2135:
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2131:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2123:
2121:
2119:
2117:
2115:
2113:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2099:
2097:
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2091:
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2087:
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2082:
2080:
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2077:
2075:
2073:
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2069:
2067:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2010:
2008:
2006:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1978:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1960:
1958:
1956:
1954:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1923:
1921:
1919:
1916:
1914:
1913:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1903:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1895:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
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1807:
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1780:
1778:
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1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1681:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1665:Arslan Shah II
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1589:
1588:
1586:
1585:
1578:
1571:
1563:
1560:
1559:
1554:
1553:
1542:
1541:
1540:
1539:
1529:
1528:
1517:
1516:
1505:
1504:
1493:
1492:
1491:
1490:
1483:
1480:Khalji dynasty
1476:
1473:Mamluk dynasty
1466:
1465:
1454:
1453:
1442:
1441:
1435:Kerait Khanate
1430:
1429:
1418:
1417:
1406:
1405:
1404:
1403:
1393:
1392:
1381:
1380:
1369:
1368:
1357:
1356:
1345:
1344:
1333:
1332:
1331:
1330:
1323:
1313:
1312:
1301:
1300:
1289:
1288:
1277:
1276:
1265:
1264:
1253:
1252:
1241:
1240:
1229:
1228:
1217:
1216:
1205:
1204:
1193:
1192:
1184:
1183:
1182:
1181:
1173:
1153:
1152:
1144:
1133:
1132:
1124:
1123:
1122:
1121:
1111:
1110:
1099:
1098:
1097:
1096:
1086:
1085:
1072:
1067:
1066:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1056:
1054:
1043:
1042:
1040:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1015:
1014:
1012:
999:
994:
993:
990:
989:
984:
983:
981:
975:
974:
972:
966:
965:
963:
957:
956:
954:
948:
947:
945:
939:
938:
936:
930:
929:
927:
921:
920:
918:
912:
911:
909:
903:
902:
900:
894:
893:
891:
885:
884:
882:
876:
875:
873:
867:
866:
864:
858:
857:
855:
849:
848:
846:
840:
839:
837:
831:
830:
828:
822:
821:
819:
811:
806:
805:
802:
801:
796:
795:
793:
787:
786:
784:
778:
777:
775:
769:
768:
766:
760:
759:
757:
751:
750:
748:
742:
741:
739:
733:
732:
730:
724:
723:
721:
715:
714:
712:
706:
705:
703:
697:
696:
694:
688:
687:
685:
679:
678:
676:
670:
669:
667:
661:
660:
658:
652:
651:
649:
643:
642:
640:
632:
629:Turkic peoples
627:
626:
623:
622:
611:
610:
598:
595:
544:
541:
499:
496:
487:
484:
394:branch of the
387:
384:
340:Seljuk dynasty
307:
306:
304:
303:
296:
291:
285:
283:
279:
278:
275:
274:
271:
270:
263:
257:
256:
249:
240:
237:
236:
231:
219:
218:
213:
203:
202:
199:
198:
195:
192:
189:
188:
185:
182:
179:
178:
175:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
130:
125:
124:Historical era
121:
120:
117:
113:
112:
95:
91:
90:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
61:
60:
55:
51:
50:
47:
43:
42:
34:
33:
29:
28:
25:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3931:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3899:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3853:Kaykhusraw II
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3786:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3747:
3743:
3737:
3734:
3732:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3704:
3700:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3688:Turan-Shah II
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3663:Arslan-Shah I
3661:
3659:
3656:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3622:Governors of
3620:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3577:Governors of
3575:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3558:Suleiman-Shah
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3514:Malik-Shah II
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3480:Seljuk Empire
3477:
3473:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
3443:
3441:
3437:
3433:
3426:
3421:
3419:
3414:
3412:
3407:
3406:
3403:
3395:
3391:
3390:Previté-Orton
3387:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3370:
3366:
3361:
3357:
3355:0-7486-2137-7
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3326:
3324:
3313:
3309:
3302:
3301:975-406-563-2
3298:
3292:
3283:
3275:
3273:9781139054973
3269:
3265:
3258:
3251:
3247:
3243:
3242:C.E. Bosworth
3239:
3233:
3226:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3209:
3202:
3196:
3189:
3185:
3184:
3178:
3171:
3167:
3164:
3160:
3159:
3152:
3145:
3142:Tony Jaques,
3139:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3118:
3111:
3104:
3098:
3096:
3088:
3083:
3076:
3075:90-04-09249-8
3072:
3068:
3065:Wink, Andre,
3062:
3053:
3046:
3042:
3036:
3029:
3023:
3017:
3013:
3010:
3004:
2997:
2993:
2990:
2984:
2978:
2973:
2969:
2959:
2954:
2953:Turan-Shah II
2937:
2936:
2911:
2909:
2861:
2859:
2840:Eleventh shah
2838:
2829:
2828:
2803:
2800:
2792:
2790:
2782:
2780:
2779:
2772:
2764:
2762:
2754:
2752:
2729:
2727:
2720:
2688:
2686:
2644:
2642:
2635:
2603:
2601:
2559:
2557:
2544:
2543:
2542:Arslan Shah I
2510:
2508:
2456:
2454:
2445:
2444:
2397:
2395:
2341:
2339:
2334:
2325:
2314:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2251:
2247:
2218:
2216:
2193:
2165:
2162:
2154:
2152:
2144:
2142:
2141:
2130:
2122:
2120:
2112:
2110:
2083:
2081:
2064:
2063:
2026:
2024:
1970:
1968:
1953:
1917:
1915:
1861:
1859:
1844:
1808:
1806:
1752:
1750:
1735:
1731:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1686:
1678:
1677:Muhammad Shah
1675:
1672:
1671:Turan Shah II
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1642:
1641:Arslan Shah I
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1584:
1579:
1577:
1572:
1570:
1565:
1564:
1562:
1561:
1549:
1548:
1547:Ottoman State
1544:
1543:
1538:
1537:
1536:Bahri dynasty
1533:
1532:
1531:
1530:
1524:
1523:
1519:
1518:
1512:
1511:
1507:
1506:
1500:
1499:
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1413:
1412:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1401:
1397:
1396:
1395:
1394:
1388:
1387:
1386:Seljuk Empire
1383:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1363:
1359:
1358:
1352:
1351:
1347:
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1223:
1219:
1218:
1212:
1211:
1207:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1194:
1191:
1190:
1189:Sabiri People
1186:
1185:
1177:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1162:
1158:
1148:
1145:
1140:
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1076:
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1021:
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1007:
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991:
982:
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977:
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904:
901:
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896:
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886:
883:
881:
878:
877:
874:
872:
869:
868:
865:
863:
860:
859:
856:
854:
851:
850:
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845:
842:
841:
838:
836:
833:
832:
829:
827:
824:
823:
820:
818:
815:
814:
809:
804:
803:
794:
792:
789:
788:
785:
783:
780:
779:
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771:
770:
767:
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762:
761:
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743:
740:
738:
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734:
731:
729:
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720:
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711:
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689:
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681:
680:
677:
675:
672:
671:
668:
666:
663:
662:
659:
657:
654:
653:
650:
648:
645:
644:
641:
639:
636:
635:
630:
625:
624:
617:
613:
612:
606:
603:
602:
594:
592:
591:Ghurid Empire
588:
585:
581:
577:
572:
570:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
540:
537:
533:
529:
525:
521:
517:
513:
512:Nizam al-Mulk
504:
495:
493:
483:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
457:
456:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
422:
420:
416:
415:Kazakh Steppe
412:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
383:
381:
377:
373:
369:
363:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
336:Seljuk Empire
333:
332:Buyid dynasty
329:
325:
321:
318:
314:
301:
297:
295:
292:
290:
287:
286:
284:
282:Today part of
280:
264:
262:
259:
258:
250:
248:
245:
244:
241:
235:
234:Buyid dynasty
232:
225:
224:
221:
220:
217:
214:
212:
209:
208:
204:
200:
197:1187 (583 AH)
196:
190:
187:1180 (575 AH)
186:
180:
176:
170:
167:1101 (495 AH)
166:
160:
157:1073 (465 AH)
156:
152:
151:Kerj abudulaf
146:
143:1041 (429 AH)
142:
136:
132:
129:
126:
122:
118:
114:
111:
107:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
86:
82:
79:
76:
72:
69:
66:
62:
59:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
35:
30:
20:
3883:Kayqubad III
3828:Kaykhusraw I
3673:Toghrul-Shah
3653:Turan-Shah I
3623:
3613:Ahmad Sanjar
3608:Arslan-Argun
3528:Ahmad Sanjar
3499:Malik-Shah I
3393:
3382:
3364:
3341:
3316:(in Turkish)
3308:
3291:
3282:
3263:
3257:
3237:
3232:
3208:
3200:
3195:
3181:
3177:
3156:
3151:
3143:
3138:
3130:
3125:
3116:
3110:
3102:
3086:
3082:
3066:
3061:
3052:
3040:
3035:
3022:
3003:
2983:
2972:
2952:
2933:
2836:
2825:
2718:
2633:
2546:Seventh shah
2540:
2441:
2332:
2323:
2312:
2191:
2060:
1682:
1629:Turan Shah I
1623:Hussain Omar
1592:
1545:
1534:
1520:
1510:Golden Horde
1508:
1496:
1485:
1478:
1471:
1457:
1445:
1433:
1421:
1409:
1398:
1384:
1372:
1360:
1348:
1336:
1325:
1318:
1304:
1292:
1280:
1268:
1256:
1244:
1232:
1222:Kangar Union
1220:
1208:
1196:
1187:
1154:
1127:
1116:
1102:
1091:
1077:
584:Khwarezmshah
573:
546:
531:
527:
509:
492:Malik Shah I
489:
453:
423:
389:
364:
344:Oghuz Turkic
320:Sunni Muslim
312:
310:
216:Succeeded by
215:
210:
3868:Kayqubad II
3833:Suleiman II
3791:(1092â1307)
3779:Sultan-Shah
3752:(1086â1117)
3709:(1076â1105)
3678:Bahram-Shah
3648:Sultan-Shah
3638:Kerman-Shah
3626:(1048â1188)
3603:Toghan-Shah
3598:Arslan-Shah
3581:(1040â1118)
3568:Toghrul III
3563:Arslan-Shah
3553:Muhammad II
3482:(1037â1194)
3466:Musa Yabghu
2827:BahrÄm-Shah
2719:TuÄrul-Shah
2637:Eighth shah
2336:Fifth shah
2327:Fourth shah
2324:Sultan-Shah
2195:Second shah
2192:KermÄn-Shah
1952:Chaghri Beg
1685:Malik Dinar
1659:Bahram-Shah
1653:TuÄrul Shah
1617:Sultan Shah
1611:Kerman Shah
1161:Turk Shahis
1108:71 BCâ?? AD
826:Azerbaijani
647:Oghuz Turks
569:Malik Dinar
557:Ghuzz Turks
549:Bahram-Shah
547:The son of
534:) close to
400:Caspian Sea
396:Oghuz Turks
360:Malik Dinar
211:Preceded by
128:Middle Ages
88:Sunni Islam
3898:Categories
3858:Kaykaus II
3848:Kayqubad I
3813:Malik-Shah
3803:Suleiman I
3774:Alp Arslan
3593:Alp Arslan
3538:Tughril II
3519:Muhammad I
3494:Alp Arslan
3374:0813506271
2965:References
2831:Tenth shah
2722:Ninth shah
2447:Sixth shah
2333:Turan-Shah
2316:Third shah
2066:First shah
1647:Muhammad I
1234:Turk Shahi
916:Karakalpak
553:Turan-Shah
317:Persianate
94:Government
3843:Kaykaus I
3798:Qutalmish
3759:Aq Sunqur
3746:Governors
3731:Tutush II
3703:Governors
3658:Iran-Shah
3524:Mahmud II
3509:Berkyaruq
3489:Tughril I
2443:Iran-Shah
1691:in 1196.
1679:1183â1187
1673:1176â1183
1667:1174â1176
1661:1169â1174
1655:1156â1169
1643:1101â1142
1637:1096â1101
1631:1084â1096
1625:1075â1084
1619:1074â1075
1613:1073â1074
1607:1041â1073
1551:1299â1922
1526:1250â1517
1514:1242â1502
1502:1224â1266
1463:1206â1526
1451:1136â1225
1427:1077â1231
1415:1067â1239
1390:1037â1194
1210:Xueyantuo
1052:Grey wolf
1034:Ergenekon
1010:Shamanism
782:Krymchaks
692:Kutrigurs
543:Overthrow
528:Kerç kapı
458:. At the
446:Ghaznavid
440:, in the
434:Syr Darya
419:Turkestan
411:Khaganate
406:in their
368:Silk Road
110:Caliphate
84:Religion
68:Bam, Iran
3878:Mesud II
3764:Tutush I
3721:Tutush I
3707:Damascus
3579:Khorasan
3504:Mahmud I
3340:(2004).
3221:Archived
3166:Archived
3012:Archived
2992:Archived
1378:963â1186
1366:860â1091
1354:856â1335
1342:848â1036
1310:840â1212
1286:750â1055
1262:743â1035
1202:618â1048
1129:GöktĂŒrks
1104:Dingling
1006:Tengrism
979:Krymchak
719:Kipchaks
656:Saragurs
561:Bardasir
520:Artukids
404:Aral Sea
108:: Under
98:De facto
49:Monarchy
3818:Mesud I
3588:Chaghri
3478:of the
3476:Sultans
3303:, p.180
3089:, p. 51
2998:article
1298:756â940
1274:744â840
1250:699â766
1238:665-850
1226:659â750
1214:628â646
1179:682â744
1171:581â650
1150:581â657
1142:552â581
907:Qasgqai
898:Chuvash
889:Bashkir
862:Turkmen
817:Turkish
773:Dolgans
737:Uyghurs
701:Karluks
674:Bulgars
665:Utigurs
638:Onogurs
536:Hamedan
516:Turkmen
468:Tughril
464:Isfahan
358:leader
334:by the
106:De jure
102:Seljuks
78:Persian
54:Capital
3769:Ridwan
3750:Aleppo
3736:Irtash
3643:Husein
3633:Qawurd
3624:Kerman
3456:Mikail
3451:Seljuk
3371:
3352:
3299:
3270:
3073:
3009:Seljuk
2062:Qawurd
1730:Seljuk
1605:Qawurd
1594:Kerman
970:Karaim
961:Gagauz
880:Kyrgyz
853:Uyghur
844:Kazakh
764:Yakuts
755:Kumyks
746:Tatars
587:Tekish
455:dehqan
438:Persia
430:Yabghu
426:Seljuq
408:Yabghu
372:Hormuz
348:Qavurt
328:Makran
324:Kerman
119:
116:Sultan
58:Kerman
46:Status
3726:Duqaq
3716:Atsiz
3543:Masud
3533:Dawud
3446:Tuqaq
1734:Tuqaq
1598:Umman
1350:Qocho
1048:Sheka
1038:Asena
1024:Ălgen
1020:Kayra
952:Tuvan
934:Kumyk
925:Sakha
871:Tatar
835:Uzbek
710:Kimek
683:Sabir
532:Kerec
424:When
392:Qynyk
356:Oghuz
261:Oghuz
3526:and
3369:ISBN
3350:ISBN
3297:ISBN
3268:ISBN
3218:LINK
3188:LINK
3163:LINK
3077:pg.9
3071:ISBN
3045:LINK
3028:LINK
1732:ibn
1050:and
1036:and
1022:and
1008:and
580:Iraq
578:and
576:Fars
530:(or
478:and
402:and
376:Kish
374:and
326:and
311:The
294:Oman
289:Iran
3748:of
3705:of
565:Bam
466:by
417:of
3900::
3348:.
3344:.
3322:^
3248:,
3244:;
3094:^
1600:.
1163:)
1159:,
153:)
3424:e
3417:t
3410:v
3377:.
3358:.
3276:.
3172:)
3047:)
3043:(
3030:)
1582:e
1575:t
1568:v
1155:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
