525:) was developed to grant Libyans more autonomy and broader citizenship as a means of pacification against Arab rebellion, which had arisen in 1914. To attain CITC status, children had to be born in the colony to a Libyan father. Italo-Libyan children derived the status of their father and unity of the family required that women followed their husband's status, meaning if he was Libyan, she was Libyan; if he was Italian, she was Italian; and if he was foreign, she was foreign. A Libyan could naturalize with full metropolitan status after five years of residency in Italy or the colony, if they had served in the Italian Army or Navy, had completed Italian elementary school, served in a government capacity, had received a decoration or title from Italy, or were born to a naturalized CITC with full metropolitan status. Meeting any of those criteria and the residency requirement, to attain full metropolitan status, a CITC had to agree to follow the laws of Italy and give up their personal and customary rights as Libyans. With the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, Italy hastily prepared a naturalization provision in November 1920 to allow Dodecanesians to individually naturalize as Italians, with a status giving them very limited civil rights. The bill passed in 1922, and the Dodocanese islands, under the terms of the
489:
were granted nationality. Children born in Italy to foreigners who had lived in the territory for ten years, could acquire nationality at majority and those born in the territory to foreigners who did not meet the requisite residency could opt for
Italian nationality at majority after service to the nation. Wives were required to follow the nationality of their husband. Italian women married to foreigners lost their Italian nationality and could only reacquire it if the marriage terminated and they established residence in Italy. Foreign women who married Italian men gained Italian nationality and retained it even after termination of the marriage. Nationality provisions were amended by Law 23 of 1901, which allowed children born in the territory or abroad who became foreigners because of a father's loss of nationality to acquire nationality without parliamentary intervention. Law no. 217 (known as Sonnino's Law), passed on 17 May 1906, allowed naturalization by royal decree if the
385:
rights of citizenship. It described who was a subject, owing allegiance, and made provisions for wives, children, emigrants and immigrants. Under its terms, children derived nationality from their fathers, foreigners born in the territory could acquire nationality at majority, and foreigners born elsewhere could obtain nationality after five years residency within the imperial realm. In 1869, the Empire issued two memoranda to foreign consuls and provincial governors to explain that the law would follow custom regarding the age of majority in each region and clarified that the authority for denaturalization belonged to the central authority. It reiterated that the law was crafted with existing treaties in mind, and was therefore not retroactive legislation which might impact
European agreements or Ottoman sovereignty.
510:), promulgated by a 1913 decree. Children acquired Italian subjecthood by being born in Libya to parents who were Libyan. Children of Italo-Libyan heritage were immediately granted Italian nationality with all the rights of metropolitan citizenship, as long as they were the legitimate or legitimated child of an Italian father. Marriage by a foreign woman to a Libyan conferred Libyan subject status. Though Libyans did not have the same civil rights as metropolitan citizens, they had more substantial rights than Italian subjects in Eritrea or Somalia. Because the Dodecanese islands were a military occupation and internationally were recognized as Ottoman territory, Dodecanesians continued to be Ottoman subjects and were considered as Italian
574:) was introduced. It allowed foreigners to naturalize and gain rights as Libyan Italian Citizens, but no metropolitan status. In 1939 all of Italy's colonies were annexed into the kingdom as metropolitan territory, and the anti-miscegenation legislation was extended to Italo-Libyan couples. Legislation passed in 1940 barred conferring metropolitan status on African mixed-race, illegitimate, legitimate, legitimated children, or children of unknown parentage, unless they had reached age thirteen that year, had been raised as an Italian, and could confirm their good character. Italo-Aegean nationals were considered to be European, thus mixed-race children of the Dodocanese islands were still allowed to obtain metropolitan status.
638:
origin other than
Palestinian, were married to an Arab man who was not Palestinian, and were not older than fifty. Foreign women could obtain Libyan nationality after a residency and marriage duration of two years, if she renounced any other nationality. Arab men who married Libyan women could be naturalized after four years, children born to a Libyan mother and foreign father could obtain naturalization after three years, and persons of Arab descent could naturalize after a five-year residency. Nationality could be revoked for living abroad, serving or working for a foreign government, or seeking asylum from a foreign country. An amendment to the 1980 Nationality Act was passed in 1984, which provided that in some cases, the
676:
1980s. The draft constitution made few changes in the provisions for acquisition of nationality, save for
Article 13, which specified that children could equally acquire nationality maternally. It proposed lengthening the residency period for naturalization to fifteen years and added a clause that while Libyan status could not be withdrawn from nationals of origin, naturalized persons could be denaturalized within ten years of gaining Libyan status. The Tebu Constitution Drafting Assembly rejected the draft constitution and only one Tuareg member of the Constitution Drafting Assembly approved the draft with the othe Tuareg members abstaining from voting. Events of the
626:
written to specify conditions for acquiring nationality after independence and
Article 10 disallowed dual nationality. The Nationality Law No. 17 of 1954, provided that after 7 October 1951, children born anywhere to a father or grandfather who had been born in Libya were nationals of origin, and foreigners could naturalize after a consecutive ten-year residency. It granted nationality to any person born in the country, who did not have foreign nationality at birth. Under the provision foundlings or children whose parents were stateless could acquire Libyan nationality. It contained provisions for
502:, Italian nationality could be renounced at majority. Adding this provision allowed Italy to perpetually recognize the nationality of emigrants and foster a sense of belonging to Italy, even if expatriates chose to no longer act as citizens. For foreigners, it reduced the general residency requirement to five years, or three years if in service to the state. Colonial subjecthood differed from that in the motherland. Immediately upon being colonized by Italy indigenous subjecthood was defined in the nationality laws under a subsection specifically for Libya (
663:
government directive declaring all Tebu people to be
Chadian, rather than Libyan. In 2010, Law No. 24 was passed to update the Nationality Law. Under its terms, people who claimed Libyan nationality by descent were required to be registered on a special list to be reviewed by a committee with discretionary powers to grant or disallow Libyan nationality. The committee, was tasked with disallowing, rather than approving claims, which resulted in difficulties for Sub-Saharan tribal populations, such as the Berbers and Tauregs, to access nationality.
146:
physical health without disabilities; can economically be self-sufficient; lawfully entered the country and are under age fifty. Applicants must have resided in the country for ten years. Adoptions are not allowed in Libya, and there are no provisions for adoptees to acquire nationality in the statutes. Minor children are unable to acquire naturalization when their father naturalizes. Besides foreigners meeting the criteria, other persons who may be naturalized include:
4759:
394:
births were unregistered, were all considered to be
Ottoman. Foreign women acquired Ottoman nationality through marriage, but could return to their original nationality upon the death of their spouse. Nationality could also be granted based on special contribution or service to the nation. Dual nationality was permitted, but was discouraged, as the government could choose not to recognize naturalization of an Ottoman subject by another state.
672:
made for acquisition of nationality for those who had provided service to the Libyan nation. After the fall of
Gaddafi in 2011, decreed a blanket nationality to some 5,600 Tuareg applicants for Libyan status. The transitional government began implementing the following year a new national identification program and cancelled over one million identity papers, including those of Tuareg and Tebu people, who it deemed to be Chadian.
613:
integrated into Greece and a proclamation was issued granting all rights recognized under the Greek
Constitution for its citizens to the Dodecanesians. They were collectively extended Greek nationality and their children born after their incorporation were considered Greek, unless they chose to remain Italian nationals and were domiciled in Italy. In 1949, over British and French objections, the
608:
influence could continue. In 1943, the Allies invaded Sicily and Italy surrendered. The
Dodocanese islands were captured by German forces that year and occupied by Germany until the end of the war. When the war ended in 1945, Britain assumed control over the Dodocanese islands and began making extensive legislative changes to eradicate Fascist doctrines from the islands' policies. The
468:. During the war, with support from the Ottoman Empire, the colonies rebelled reducing the territory controlled by the Italians. In an attempt to regain ground, Italian forces began a series of campaigns in 1919 and were successful in subduing the resistance in 1931, and annexing Fezzan. In 1934, Cyrenaica, Fezzan, and Tripolitania were unified into a single colony,
617:, issued resolution 289 A (IV), which ordered that a unified Libya should be granted independence no later than 1 January 1952. A committee was appointed in 1950 to draft the constitution for a federal monarchy under the rule of Idris. The National Assembly approved of the Constitution in October 1951 and independence was declared effectively on 24 December 1951.
223:. The Greeks invaded Cyrenaica in 632 BCE, followed by the Roman invasion of Tripolitania in 146 BCE. Arabs began conquering all three historic regions, Cyrenaica, Fezzan, and Tripolitania from 644 CE. Chieftains dominated the region and individuals were tied to them by kinship networks and religion. Cyrenaica was claimed by the
630:, acquiring nationality through marriage, that allowed wives of Libyan husbands to naturalize by renouncing other nationality and husbands of Libyan wives to naturalize after a five-year residency. Children born to Libyan women married to foreigners were allowed to naturalize after a three-year residency.
671:
to wives of a Libyan national after two years of marriage, as long as he was not Palestinian. Naturalization could be acquired after a ten-year residency, for those who had sufficient income to sustain themselves, were of good character and health and were under 50 years of age. Provisions were also
488:
Under the 1865 Civil Code, unity of the family was a driving foundation of the code, thus the emphasis was on descent. Nationality was derived paternally, regardless of where a child was born, unless the father was unknown. Foundlings born in the territory were presumed to have an Italian father and
480:
officially proclaimed that the former Piedmontese subjecthood was extended to the entirety of Italy. Inhabitants were afforded protection based upon their allegiance to the monarchy. Subjecthood was derived from an Italian father, and could only be derived maternally if the father was unknown. Birth
637:
approach to nationality. Under its terms, nationality of origin was expanded to include descent from mothers and grandmothers of Libyan origin. Children born outside of wedlock to non-Libyan or non-Arabic mothers could not derive Libyan nationality. Persons could be naturalized if they were of Arab
598:
that the territory would not be returned to Italian rule. Italian law remained in force, but as the Italian judiciary personnel had fled, its implementation was problematic and Britain wrote policies directly governing the area. In Tripolitania, Britain established a military government in December
384:
To further define subjects of the Ottoman Empire, new nationality legislation was passed in 1869 (tĂąbiiyet-i osmaniye kanunnamesi, Ottoman Nationality Law). The law specified terms for the acquisition and loss of who was within the sovereignty of the empire, rather than the domestic obligations and
145:
Naturalization can be granted to persons who have resided in the territory for a sufficient period of time to confirm they understand the customs and traditions of the society. General provisions are that applicants have good character and conduct; have no criminal convictions; have good mental and
603:
led to indifference on the part of Britain for the region, and British administrators took little interest in developing infrastructure and the economy or health and educational systems to benefit the populace. Most of the Italian administrators had remained in the area and Britain's policy was to
497:
In 1912, Italy introduced new nationality provisions (Law No. 555) to address Italians living outside of the motherland. It did not challenge the tenet of unity of nationality in the family for metropolitan nationals, and bestowed Italian nationality by descent from an Italian father. But, if the
364:
To curb the disruptive effects of Europeans in the empire, from 1806, the Ottoman government began sending communiques to the foreign embassies demanding compliance with the terms of their agreements. Ottoman control was re-established in Libya by 1835 and they implemented policies to control the
265:
in the seventeenth century. Within the Ottoman Empire, for six centuries, there was an internal organization that defined government functions for subjects by balancing religious and communal ties, weighing aptitudes and occupations without a centralized national ideology. Ottoman subjecthood was
625:
Under the 1951 Constitution, Article 8 provided that persons who had no other nationality were conferred Libyan nationality at independence if they were born in Libya, born to Libyan parents, or had normally lived in Libya for ten years prior to 7 October 1951. Article 9 provided for a law to be
393:
discovered within the territory; stateless persons living in the empire; Muslim women, who despite the ban on such marriages, had married Persian men and the children of such a union; unregistered persons who had not been counted in the Ottoman census, either because no census was taken or their
170:
in Libya for residing outside of the country for more than two years or for acquiring dual nationality without obtaining government authorization, or for minor children if their parent is denaturalized. Naturalized persons may lose their nationality by performing actions against state interests;
696:
Human Rights Watch specifically noted that the 2010 legislation Section 11 does not specify how a Libyan woman married to a foreign man with known nationality can pass on her nationality to her children nor does it specify what process is to be followed to acquire nationality in Section 3 to an
675:
In 2017, a new constitution was drafted, which was still pending adoption in 2021. Under its terms, dual nationality was favored and it also contained provisions to resolve the over 40,000 nationality applications from ethnic minorities and returnees from exile which have been pending since the
607:
France began their occupation of Fezzan in January 1943 and assigned the Fezzanese territory to the administrators of Algeria and Tunisia. Their aim was to retain permanent control of the area and they pressed for the three provinces of Libya to be divided into a loose federation so that French
388:
The 1869 Nationality Law remained in place until 1909. Under its terms children acquired Ottoman nationality from their father, unless they were illegitimate and then derived it from their mother. If an Ottoman wife was married, her children obtained nationality through their father. Foreigners
381:) categorized subjects by whether they were Muslim or non-Muslim, granting different civil statuses to each. In 1863, new regulations upon protégés restricted the privileges they received in the empire and clarifying who were thereafter considered to be Ottoman subjects and who were foreigners.
666:
Under the terms of the 2010 Nationality Law, only foundlings could acquire nationality by birth in the territory. Nationality by descent from a father was automatic, but provisions for gaining nationality from a mother were unclear because they referenced later provisions to be enacted for the
612:
was signed in 1947, leaving the status of Libyans unresolved. They were stripped of Italian nationality but given no new definition of status. The British military occupation was terminated and administration for the Dodocanese islands was transferred to Greek military forces. The islands were
662:
for resolution. The court granted the territory to Chad in 1994, and Gaddafi's response was the issuance of a decree on 1996, denaturalizing persons whose papers indicated that they were from Aouzou, and placing their status under the laws regarding foreigners. This was followed in 2007, by a
565:
and another promulgated the following year banned formal marriages between metropolitan and native subjects. Mixed marriages became illegal and were punishable with a five-year sentence upon conviction. In 1938, the possibility of Libyan Arabs naturalizing as Italian metropolitan citizens was
353:), and demands from foreign powers for protection to extend from individuals to entire communities. The influence on Ottoman subjects by European powers changed the perception of these minority groups in the empire, meaning that they were increasingly seen not as Ottoman subjects, but as
282:, in exchange for paying taxes, the sultan allowed these subjects freedom of religion and guaranteed their lives, property, and rights with an understanding that they were legally entitled to less status than Muslim subjects. The pact was agreed to by the leaders of the
657:
and issued Libyan nationality documents to inhabitants of the area. Tebu people throughout Libya were issued papers from Aouzou administrative authorities. After years of conflict, in 1990, once peace was attained, the territorial dispute was turned over to the
227:
of Egypt, but little control from the sultan was exerted in the region. Tripolitania was ruled by a succession of leaders of the Maghribi dynasty and Fezzan was governed by the theocratic kingdom of the Beni Khattab dynasty. In 1510, Spanish forces captured
698:
125:
Children born anywhere, who are illegitimate or whose father has unknown nationality or is stateless and whose mother is Libyan, or whose father is foreign and whose mother is Libyan, following an administrative process and at the discretion of the state;
260:
was established in 1551, the Ottomans expanded their control in the region bringing the Fezzan leaders under their allegiance in the 1580s. Though authority was not extended to Cyrenaica, the Ottomans established a government agent from Tripoli in
94:. Nationality describes the relationship of an individual to the state under international law, whereas citizenship is the domestic relationship of an individual and the nation. Libyan nationality is typically obtained under the principle of
86:, as amended; the Libyan Nationality Law, and its revisions; and various international agreements to which the country is a signatory. These laws determine who is, or is eligible to be, a national of Libya. The legal means to acquire
701:
reviewed Libyan legislation in 2014 and could find no statutes which would verify provisions had been implemented for children to acquire nationality maternally. Both sources noted that sections 3 and 11 appear to contradict each
171:
committing serious crimes, disloyal acts, or crimes against the state or state security; for residing abroad without permission of the state; or for fraud, misrepresentation, or concealment in a naturalization petition.
493:
supported the application and the applicant either resided in Italy or the colonies for six years, or had provided four years of service to the Italian state, or had been married to an Italian woman for three years.
102:, born to parents with Libyan nationality. It can be granted to persons with an affiliation to the country, or to a permanent resident who has lived in the country for a given period of time through naturalization.
548:
expanded its territory in Africa, as well as states in the Mediterranean. Besides Libya, Italian territories included Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia. In 1927, CITC status was renamed as Libyan Italian Citizenship
2895:
481:
in the territory was treated differently in different areas; in some states it conferred subjecthood, and in others it did not. Naturalization and denaturalization processes also varied depending upon the
401:
in 1870, there was an Italian drive to acquire colonial possessions. Having been unable to secure a protectorate in Tunisia, which was annexed by France in 1881, Italians focused on purchasing the
3054:
361:
extended into Egypt. France occupied the territory until 1801, when the French were defeated and Britain set about assisting the Ottoman Empire in regaining its sovereignty.
4109:
4014:
2536:
2876:
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in 1861. As the states united, their former kingdoms and duchies ceased to exist and no alternative means of belonging had been devised. Thus, in March 1861 the former
425:, a period of instability followed and the Italians took advantage of the disorder in the Empire. Seeing control of Libya as a chance to dominate the sea route between
4024:
3842:
4149:
4139:
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2762:
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residing in Ottoman territory were considered to be subjects of the Empire, regardless of where they might have originated. Specific provisions included that
3350:
3322:
732:
of tĂąbiiyet includes associations with allegiance, nationality, and subjecthood, or an affiliation to a sovereign, but does not translate as citizenship.
594:
administered Fezzan. Issuing a proclamation on 11 November 1942, the British forces established a military government for Cyrenaica, with the promise to
437:
Libya on 19 September 1911. By 8 July 1912, Italy controlled all of the major Libyan ports that had been under Ottoman control and peace talks began in
485:. In 1865 laws from the various states was codified into national legislation, including a new civil code, which went into force on 1 January 1866.
3478:
2424:
586:, allied forces invaded Libya in November 1942. Though the Italians had treated Libya as one administrative unit, the Allies divided it into three
369:, in an effort to end bribery and corruption, and to create fair tax schemes and institutions to protect the basic rights of Ottoman subjects. The
90:, formal legal membership in a nation, differ from the domestic relationship of rights and obligations between a national and the nation, known as
2552:
Division for the Development and Codification of International Law of the Legal Department of the Secretariat of the United Nations (July 1954).
3784:
590:â Cyrenaica, Fezzan, and Tripolitania. The British military administered Cyrenaica and Tripolitania as two separate political entities and the
3035:
4528:
2574:
4524:
3829:
3388:
309:
with France, the Ottoman Empire granted France control of certain Ottoman Christians, Austria control of some Ottoman Roman Catholics,
2509:
2616:. Vol. 2. Modern Egypt, from 1517 to the End of the Twentieth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 113â138.
2490:"Modernisation in the Tanzimat Period and the Ottoman Empire: An Analysis of the Tanzimat Edict within the Scope of the Modern State"
3838:
365:
authority of tribal chiefs in the territory. Failing to achieve success diplomatically, in 1839, the Ottoman government issued the
2526:
711:
Foreign husbands have no similar privileged ability to obtain nationality through marriage and if a Libyan woman is married to a
122:
Children born anywhere whose father is Libyan; however, if born abroad, the birth must be registered with the proper authorities;
4370:
3814:
3716:
3643:
4532:
3274:
3251:
3226:
3139:
3114:
3088:
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2974:
2949:
2924:
2889:
2835:
2694:
2669:
2646:
2621:
2600:
2478:
2706:"Imperialism Ancient and Modern: A Study of British Attitudes to the Claims to Sovereignty to the Northern Somali Coastline"
529:, were formally transferred the territory to Italy in 1924. In 1925, a nationality law extended Aegean Italian Citizenship (
58:
3683:
3299:
306:
4400:
4069:
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3321:(Report). Brussels, Belgium: Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons. 19 December 2014.
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3633:
3533:
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341:. Over time, abuses of the system led to a virtual monopoly of foreign trade by protégés, clandestine sales of
4520:
4084:
3969:
3834:
3648:
3493:
3050:
639:
545:
4390:
2820:"Tripoli, Libya â 1510: Spanish Colonial Wars in North Africa; Tripoli, Libya â 1551: Turkish Imperial Wars"
4741:
4094:
4054:
3819:
3453:
370:
321:. Under the terms of these treaties, foreign powers could recruit Ottoman subjects to serve their needs as
2824:
Dictionary of Battles and Sieges: A Guide to 8,500 Battles from Antiquity through the Twenty-first Century
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4566:
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4009:
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163:
286:, who managed the adherents and their internal organization under the religious law of their community.
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871:
442:
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4355:
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4214:
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4179:
4029:
3999:
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3736:
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3721:
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3513:
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3468:
3428:
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2771:
725:
490:
449:. Knowing the Ottoman Empire was too weak to contest their actions, Italy annexed all three areas.
4490:
4470:
4435:
4425:
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4410:
4380:
4324:
4319:
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4254:
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4134:
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4044:
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3613:
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3538:
3528:
3518:
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3423:
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558:
326:
290:
2553:
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4104:
4079:
4049:
3974:
3934:
3766:
3638:
3573:
3543:
2819:
283:
153:
Persons who have provided significant service to the nation without meeting other requirements.
3262:
3125:
2960:
2680:
4790:
4571:
4329:
4284:
4249:
4234:
4204:
4059:
3989:
3746:
3243:
3218:
2985:
2935:
2916:
83:
3010:
2846:
2795:
2757:
2610:
Dykstra, Darrell (1998). "The French Occupation of Egypt, 1798-1801". In Daly, M. W. (ed.).
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4665:
4556:
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2489:
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were established in 1911, and Italy occupied the Dodecanese islands until the beginning of
461:
445:, Italy was ceded Cyrenaica and Tripolitania and required to return the Turkish islands of
310:
257:
180:
8:
4682:
4601:
4144:
3295:
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unknown or stateless father, stating only that provisions will be developed. The Belgian
477:
473:
398:
334:
233:
366:
305:, protected persons). Signing treaties with European powers, from the 1673 signing of a
4581:
3346:
3184:
2791:
2729:
2436:
712:
526:
482:
314:
293:, managed the affairs of their respective religious communities and developed into the
110:
Nationality can be acquired in Libya at birth or later in life through naturalization.
498:
child was born abroad in a country that automatically granted its nationality through
4723:
4675:
3270:
3247:
3222:
3192:
3176:
3135:
3110:
3084:
3080:
3020:
2995:
2970:
2945:
2920:
2885:
2858:
2831:
2799:
2783:
2737:
2721:
2690:
2665:
2642:
2638:
2617:
2596:
2566:
2501:
2474:
2444:
2428:
642:
could waive the requirement for renunciation of prior nationality at naturalization.
511:
457:
390:
129:
537:) status to Dodecanesians, which was similar to the nationality offered to Libyans.
4606:
3168:
2854:
2775:
2413:"From Tribe to Class: The Origins and the Politics of Resistance in Colonial Libya"
567:
550:
530:
518:
503:
374:
346:
298:
224:
4687:
3397:
3046:
3016:
2827:
2779:
646:
358:
354:
78:
3269:. Washington, D.C.: American Immigration Lawyers Association. pp. 120â121.
4718:
4618:
3284:
614:
595:
342:
318:
271:
245:
229:
3196:
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withdrawn, but the following year a new status "special Italian citizenship" (
4779:
4748:
4697:
4629:
4171:
3180:
2906:
2872:
2787:
2725:
2570:
2505:
2448:
2432:
469:
422:
322:
208:
204:
167:
99:
3261:
United States Office of Personnel Management Investigation Services (2001).
2987:
The Libyan Economy: Economic Diversification and International Repositioning
2588:
A Political History of National Citizenship and Identity in Italy, 1861â1950
633:
In 1980, the Libyan Arabic Nationality Act (Law No. 18) was passed taking a
517:
In 1919, a new designation, Italian Citizens in Tripolitania and Cirenaica (
232:
and sacked the city. Three years later, they turned its defense over to the
4644:
3237:
3074:
2632:
2464:
650:
583:
330:
220:
1034:
Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons 2014
1007:
Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons 2014
872:
Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons 2014
4702:
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600:
591:
562:
465:
418:
241:
91:
87:
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2937:
Christians and Jews in the Ottoman Arab World: The Roots of Sectarianism
2733:
2705:
2440:
2412:
2910:
634:
446:
430:
313:
status to British and Dutch traders, as well as specific rights to the
196:
37:
2586:
2561:. United Nations Legislative Series. Vol. 4. New York, New York:
2686:
729:
699:
Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons
541:
441:, Switzerland four days later. On 18 October, under the terms of the
426:
402:
212:
3103:"Nationality and Citizenship in a Changing European and World Order"
2611:
604:
allow them to continue their administration without making reforms.
274:, could benefit from being subjects by agreeing to pay a tax to the
4670:
4636:
3366:
438:
414:
262:
183:
has been allowed in Libya with permission of the state since 1954.
95:
2211:
1337:
1335:
910:
908:
906:
904:
410:
406:
289:
By the eighteenth century a political organization, known as the
200:
192:
133:
2494:
Maarif Mektepleri Uluslararası Sosyal ve BeĆerĂź Bilimler Dergisi
877:
2131:
2040:
2001:
338:
275:
216:
2962:
Italy's Sea: Empire and Nation in the Mediterranean, 1895-1945
2634:
Armies of the Italian-Turkish War Conquest of Libya, 1911-1912
2199:
1962:
1332:
901:
421:
rebelled against the authoritarian rule of the Ottoman sultan
2170:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2030:
2028:
1991:
1989:
1039:
577:
237:
150:
The wife of a Libyan national after two years of marriage; or
75:
337:
from prosecution and privileges of trade, including lowered
2531:
2352:
2228:
2226:
2160:
2158:
1140:
654:
2774:
for the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association: 277â298.
2364:
2107:
2052:
2025:
2013:
1986:
1371:
715:
husband, he is barred from obtaining nationality entirely.
2316:
2282:
2280:
2267:
2265:
1925:
1923:
1896:
1857:
1845:
1833:
1761:
1446:
1410:
1359:
1118:
1116:
1114:
1075:
949:
947:
945:
943:
941:
939:
937:
935:
2884:(3rd ed.). Cape Town, South Africa: African Minds.
2250:
2223:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2155:
2083:
1940:
1938:
1874:
1872:
1727:
1725:
1650:
1614:
1400:
1398:
1206:
762:
523:
cittadinanza itlaliana in Tripolitania e Cirenaica, CITC
409:
in 1882. They extended a protectorate over a portion of
266:
strongly tied to religion and non-Muslims, if they were
2388:
2376:
2328:
2071:
1710:
1638:
1250:
1248:
1235:
1233:
1218:
1196:
1194:
1181:
1179:
1063:
959:
889:
750:
667:
process. The law limited acquisition of nationality by
557:), though how nationality was acquired did not change.
2763:
Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association
2527:"FSU Eyes Candidates to Replace Thrasher as President"
2292:
2277:
2262:
2143:
2119:
2095:
1974:
1920:
1578:
1566:
1554:
1296:
1284:
1272:
1128:
1111:
1017:
1015:
978:
976:
974:
932:
211:
who resided in remote areas outside the influences of
136:
discovered in the territory whose parents are unknown.
2340:
2304:
2182:
1950:
1935:
1908:
1884:
1869:
1821:
1809:
1797:
1785:
1773:
1722:
1542:
1530:
1518:
1506:
1494:
1482:
1470:
1458:
1434:
1422:
1395:
1347:
1308:
1164:
1099:
1087:
357:. In 1798, France and Britain's conflicts during the
3283:
3109:. Turku, Finland: Turku Law School. pp. 30â60.
2238:
1749:
1737:
1698:
1686:
1674:
1662:
1626:
1602:
1590:
1320:
1260:
1245:
1230:
1191:
1176:
1051:
883:
786:
472:. Italian subjecthood was first declared during the
270:(People of the Book), meaning Jewish, Christian, or
46:
Provisions of Libyan Nationality Law No. 24 of 2010
3339:"Libya: Step Ahead for Women on Nationality Rights"
1152:
1012:
988:
971:
920:
834:
774:
620:
599:1942. The Tripolianian leadership's support of the
3337:
2535:. Jacksonville, Florida. News Service of Florida.
1383:
914:
846:
810:
798:
3285:"Law Number 24, 2010/1378: On Libyan Nationality"
822:
4777:
2851:The Ottoman State and Its Place in World History
413:in 1889 and attempted to extend their rule into
118:Those who acquire nationality at birth include:
2678:
2500:(2). Ankara, Turkey: Maarif Mektepleri: 14â24.
1341:
244:in 1551 placing the area under the rule of the
3319:Libya: Nationality, Registration and Documents
2679:Goldschmidt, Arthur Jr.; Boum, Aomar (2018).
2551:
2217:
2205:
417:in 1896, but were defeated. In 1908, when the
166:their nationality. Nationals of origin may be
3382:
2983:
2660:(3rd ed.). Haywards Heath, West Sussex:
1146:
680:suspended the constitutional reform in 2019.
251:
105:
4529:Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands
452:
2984:Otman, Waniss A.; Karlberg, Erling (2007).
2912:Citizenship in Africa: The Law of Belonging
2826:. Vol. 3: P-Z. Westport, Connecticut:
191:From ancient times, Libya was populated by
3389:
3375:
3151:"The Protégé System in the Ottoman Empire"
2758:"What Ottoman Nationality Was and Was Not"
2462:
2425:Istituto Italiano per l'Africa e l'Oriente
2137:
2113:
2065:
2046:
2034:
2019:
2007:
1995:
578:Allied administration of Libya (1942â1951)
3072:
2089:
2077:
3235:
3210:
3033:
2703:
2655:
2630:
2394:
2382:
2370:
2358:
2334:
2322:
2298:
2286:
2271:
2256:
2232:
2176:
2164:
2149:
1584:
1572:
1560:
1548:
1536:
1524:
1290:
1122:
953:
792:
768:
3008:
2958:
2933:
2609:
1929:
1302:
1278:
1212:
1093:
1081:
4778:
3148:
3127:Colonial Chaos in the Southern Red Sea
2844:
2817:
2755:
2584:
2524:
2487:
2410:
2125:
2101:
1980:
1968:
1956:
1944:
1914:
1902:
1890:
1878:
1863:
1851:
1839:
1827:
1815:
1803:
1791:
1779:
1767:
1755:
1743:
1731:
1716:
1704:
1692:
1680:
1668:
1656:
1644:
1632:
1620:
1608:
1596:
1512:
1500:
1488:
1476:
1464:
1452:
1440:
1428:
1416:
1404:
1389:
1377:
1365:
1353:
1326:
1314:
1254:
1239:
1224:
1200:
1185:
1170:
1158:
1134:
1105:
157:
3370:
3260:
3242:(2nd ed.). Oxford, Oxfordshire:
3123:
3097:
3073:Rogers, Anthony; Tan, Darren (2019).
3034:Polimeno, Maria Gloria (April 2021).
2905:
2871:
2685:(11th ed.). New York, New York:
2580:from the original on 11 October 2021.
2469:(2nd ed.). Oxford, Oxfordshire:
2346:
2310:
2244:
2193:
1266:
1069:
1057:
1045:
1021:
994:
982:
965:
926:
895:
852:
840:
828:
816:
804:
780:
756:
561:passed in Italy in 1937, prohibiting
508:sudditanza degli indigeni della Libia
3396:
3325:from the original on 23 October 2020
3305:from the original on 30 January 2018
2682:A Concise History of the Middle East
724:Will Hanley, a history professor at
435:Italian army was mobilized to invade
140:
2466:The International Law of Occupation
174:
59:Libyan Government of National Unity
13:
3214:Libya: From Colony to Independence
3036:"Report on Citizenship Law: Libya"
2901:from the original on 26 June 2021.
2658:Fransman's British Nationality Law
162:Libyan nationals of origin cannot
14:
4802:
2563:Secretariat of the United Nations
2512:from the original on 26 June 2021
4758:
4757:
3479:Democratic Republic of the Congo
3353:from the original on 8 June 2021
3239:Libya: From Colony to Revolution
3060:from the original on 4 July 2021
3009:Oyeniyi, Bukola Adeyemi (2019).
2539:from the original on 14 May 2021
653:, along the border of Libya and
621:Post-independence (1951âpresent)
21:Provisions of Libyan Nationality
4624:Birth aboard aircraft and ships
3236:St. John, Ronald Bruce (2012).
3211:St. John, Ronald Bruce (2008).
2403:
718:
705:
690:
596:Sayed Mohammed Idris el Senussi
478:Savoy-Piedmont-Sardinia Kingdom
333:, and extend to these protégés
27:Libyan House of Representatives
4461:Federated States of Micronesia
3825:St. Vincent and the Grenadines
3124:Smith, Nicholas W. S. (2021).
3107:Law Under Exogenous Influences
2756:Hanley, Will (November 2016).
2718:Institute of Ethiopian Studies
2613:The Cambridge History of Egypt
660:International Court of Justice
559:Anti-miscegenation Legislation
1:
3267:Citizenship Laws of the World
3130:. Cambridge, Cambridgeshire:
3051:European University Institute
3015:. Santa Barbara, California:
2940:. Cambridge, Cambridgeshire:
2849:. In Karpat, Kemal H. (ed.).
2704:Hamilton, David (July 1967).
739:
572:cittadinanza italiana special
240:, who in turn were ousted by
98:, i.e. by birth in Libya, or
4742:British Overseas Territories
2796:10.2979/jottturstuass.3.2.05
2780:10.2979/jottturstuass.3.2.05
2716:(2). Addis Ababa, Ethiopia:
2710:Journal of Ethiopian Studies
2525:Dailey, Ryan (14 May 2021).
2411:Ahmida, AlĂŹ A. (June 2008).
744:
645:In the 1970s, Libyan leader
555:cittadinanza italiana libica
371:Ottoman Reform Edict of 1856
7:
4612:Renunciation of citizenship
2770:(2). Bloomington, Indiana:
2631:Esposito, Gabriele (2020).
2555:Laws Concerning Nationality
1342:Goldschmidt & Boum 2018
113:
10:
4807:
3156:Journal of Islamic Studies
3149:Sonyel, Salahi R. (1991).
3132:Cambridge University Press
3105:. In Suksi, Markku (ed.).
2967:Liverpool University Press
2942:Cambridge University Press
640:General People's Committee
610:Treaty of Peace with Italy
535:cittadinanza italiana egea
252:Ottoman period (1551â1911)
186:
106:Acquisition of nationality
4737:
4711:
4653:
4594:
4547:
4448:
4338:
4165:
4158:
3927:
3852:
3709:
3702:
3411:
3404:
2965:. Liverpool, Merseyside:
2959:McGuire, Valerie (2020).
2878:Citizenship Law in Africa
2845:Karpat, Kemal H. (1974).
2656:Fransman, Laurie (2011).
2593:Stanford University Press
2463:Benvenisti, Eyal (2012).
1147:Otman & Karlberg 2007
884:Law No. 24 2010/1378 2010
453:Italian Libya (1911â1942)
64:
54:
32:
25:
20:
3459:Central African Republic
2772:Indiana University Press
2591:. Stanford, California:
1971:, pp. 187â188, 200.
1048:, pp. 105â106, 110.
726:Florida State University
683:
278:. Under a pact known as
4557:Commonwealth of Nations
3343:Human Rights Watch News
3217:. Oxford, Oxfordshire:
3165:Oxford University Press
3079:. Oxford, Oxfordshire:
2934:Masters, Bruce (2004).
2853:. Leiden, Netherlands:
2662:Bloomsbury Professional
2637:. Oxford, Oxfordshire:
2585:Donati, Sabina (2013).
2471:Oxford University Press
915:Human Rights Watch 2010
540:Between 1922 and 1943,
4371:Bosnia and Herzegovina
3345:. New York, New York:
2488:Ăiftçi, Yusuf (2019).
571:
554:
534:
522:
507:
378:
350:
302:
284:confessional community
4754:Partially recognized.
3619:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
3244:Oneworld Publications
3219:Oneworld Publications
2917:Bloomsbury Publishing
2818:Jaques, Tony (2007).
2090:Rogers & Tan 2019
2078:Rogers & Tan 2019
84:Constitution of Libya
4693:Second-class citizen
4666:Multiple citizenship
4135:United Arab Emirates
3769:(Kingdom of Denmark)
3349:. 2 September 2010.
3012:The History of Libya
2179:, pp. 101, 105.
2140:, pp. 148, 150.
2049:, pp. 147, 149.
2010:, pp. 121, 150.
1380:, pp. 277, 285.
588:administrative areas
527:1923 Lausanne Treaty
474:Unification of Italy
462:Italian Tripolitania
399:unification of Italy
311:most favoured nation
258:Ottoman Tripolitania
82:is regulated by the
4683:Permanent residency
4602:Loss of citizenship
4577:Caribbean Community
3830:Trinidad and Tobago
3815:St. Kitts and Nevis
3717:Antigua and Barbuda
3296:Government of Libya
2990:. Berlin, Germany:
2220:, pp. 293â294.
2218:UN Secretariat 1954
2206:UN Secretariat 1954
1905:, pp. 190â191.
1866:, pp. 134â135.
1854:, pp. 135â136.
1842:, pp. 131â132.
1770:, pp. 113â115.
1455:, pp. 287â288.
1419:, pp. 277â278.
1368:, pp. 284â285.
759:, pp. 36, 134.
335:diplomatic immunity
234:Knights of St. John
158:Loss of nationality
68:Current legislation
3757:Dominican Republic
3347:Human Rights Watch
3294:. Tripoli, Libya:
3173:10.1093/jis/2.1.56
3076:Kos and Leros 1943
2423:(2). Rome, Italy:
2361:, pp. 15, 17.
1659:, pp. 21, 24.
1623:, pp. 21, 26.
1084:, pp. xiv=xv.
1072:, pp. 74, 78.
968:, pp. 81, 89.
898:, pp. 55, 72.
592:Free French forces
443:Treaty of Lausanne
315:Republic of Venice
130:Abandoned children
4773:
4772:
4747:Open border with
4590:
4589:
4444:
4443:
3923:
3922:
3843:US Virgin Islands
3770:
3494:Equatorial Guinea
3276:978-1-57370-110-5
3253:978-1-85168-919-4
3228:978-1-85168-598-1
3141:978-1-108-84566-3
3116:978-951-29-0284-2
3090:978-1-4728-3511-6
3081:Osprey Publishing
3026:978-1-4408-5606-8
3001:978-3-540-46460-0
2976:978-1-80034-800-4
2951:978-0-521-00582-1
2926:978-1-5099-2078-5
2891:978-1-928331-08-7
2857:. pp. 1â14.
2837:978-0-313-33539-6
2696:978-0-429-97515-8
2671:978-1-84592-095-1
2648:978-1-4728-3942-8
2639:Osprey Publishing
2623:978-0-521-47211-1
2602:978-0-8047-8451-1
2480:978-0-19-958889-3
2373:, pp. 13â15.
1719:, pp. 38â39.
1647:, pp. 21â23.
1227:, pp. 57â58.
1215:, pp. 61â62.
771:, pp. 12â13.
728:, notes that the
512:protected persons
458:Italian Cyrenaica
323:commercial agents
141:By naturalization
72:
71:
4798:
4761:
4760:
4607:Denaturalization
4496:Papua New Guinea
4481:Marshall Islands
4163:
4162:
3768:
3707:
3706:
3409:
3408:
3398:Nationality laws
3391:
3384:
3377:
3368:
3367:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3314:
3312:
3310:
3304:
3289:
3280:
3257:
3232:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3145:
3120:
3094:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3059:
3040:
3030:
3005:
2980:
2955:
2930:
2902:
2900:
2883:
2868:
2855:Brill Publishers
2841:
2814:
2812:
2810:
2752:
2750:
2748:
2700:
2675:
2652:
2627:
2606:
2581:
2579:
2560:
2548:
2546:
2544:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2484:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2398:
2392:
2386:
2380:
2374:
2368:
2362:
2356:
2350:
2344:
2338:
2332:
2326:
2325:, pp. 9â11.
2320:
2314:
2308:
2302:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2275:
2269:
2260:
2254:
2248:
2242:
2236:
2230:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2191:
2180:
2174:
2168:
2162:
2153:
2147:
2141:
2135:
2129:
2123:
2117:
2111:
2105:
2099:
2093:
2087:
2081:
2075:
2069:
2063:
2050:
2044:
2038:
2032:
2023:
2017:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1993:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1960:
1954:
1948:
1942:
1933:
1927:
1918:
1912:
1906:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1837:
1831:
1825:
1819:
1813:
1807:
1801:
1795:
1789:
1783:
1777:
1771:
1765:
1759:
1753:
1747:
1741:
1735:
1729:
1720:
1714:
1708:
1702:
1696:
1690:
1684:
1678:
1672:
1666:
1660:
1654:
1648:
1642:
1636:
1630:
1624:
1618:
1612:
1606:
1600:
1594:
1588:
1582:
1576:
1570:
1564:
1558:
1552:
1546:
1540:
1534:
1528:
1522:
1516:
1510:
1504:
1498:
1492:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1462:
1456:
1450:
1444:
1438:
1432:
1426:
1420:
1414:
1408:
1402:
1393:
1387:
1381:
1375:
1369:
1363:
1357:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1330:
1324:
1318:
1312:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1288:
1282:
1276:
1270:
1264:
1258:
1252:
1243:
1237:
1228:
1222:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1198:
1189:
1183:
1174:
1168:
1162:
1156:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1091:
1085:
1079:
1073:
1067:
1061:
1055:
1049:
1043:
1037:
1031:
1025:
1019:
1010:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
980:
969:
963:
957:
951:
930:
924:
918:
912:
899:
893:
887:
881:
875:
869:
856:
850:
844:
838:
832:
826:
820:
814:
808:
802:
796:
790:
784:
778:
772:
766:
760:
754:
733:
722:
716:
709:
703:
694:
678:Libyan Civil War
649:had invaded the
491:Council of State
367:Edict of GĂŒlhane
225:Mamluk Sultanate
181:Dual nationality
175:Dual nationality
18:
17:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4796:
4795:
4786:Nationality law
4776:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4733:
4707:
4688:Right of return
4649:
4586:
4549:
4543:
4506:Solomon Islands
4440:
4406:Northern Cyprus
4401:North Macedonia
4334:
4169:
4154:
3919:
3848:
3698:
3400:
3395:
3365:
3356:
3354:
3328:
3326:
3308:
3306:
3302:
3298:. 28 May 2010.
3287:
3277:
3254:
3229:
3201:
3199:
3142:
3117:
3091:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3047:Badia Fiesolana
3038:
3027:
3017:Greenwood Press
3002:
2977:
2952:
2927:
2898:
2892:
2881:
2865:
2838:
2828:Greenwood Press
2808:
2806:
2746:
2744:
2697:
2672:
2649:
2624:
2603:
2577:
2558:
2542:
2540:
2515:
2513:
2481:
2453:
2451:
2406:
2401:
2393:
2389:
2381:
2377:
2369:
2365:
2357:
2353:
2345:
2341:
2333:
2329:
2321:
2317:
2309:
2305:
2297:
2293:
2285:
2278:
2270:
2263:
2259:, pp. 6â7.
2255:
2251:
2243:
2239:
2235:, pp. 5â6.
2231:
2224:
2216:
2212:
2204:
2200:
2192:
2183:
2175:
2171:
2163:
2156:
2148:
2144:
2138:Benvenisti 2012
2136:
2132:
2124:
2120:
2114:Benvenisti 2012
2112:
2108:
2100:
2096:
2088:
2084:
2076:
2072:
2066:Benvenisti 2012
2064:
2053:
2047:Benvenisti 2012
2045:
2041:
2035:Benvenisti 2012
2033:
2026:
2020:Benvenisti 2012
2018:
2014:
2008:Benvenisti 2012
2006:
2002:
1996:Benvenisti 2012
1994:
1987:
1979:
1975:
1967:
1963:
1955:
1951:
1943:
1936:
1928:
1921:
1913:
1909:
1901:
1897:
1889:
1885:
1877:
1870:
1862:
1858:
1850:
1846:
1838:
1834:
1826:
1822:
1814:
1810:
1802:
1798:
1790:
1786:
1778:
1774:
1766:
1762:
1754:
1750:
1742:
1738:
1730:
1723:
1715:
1711:
1703:
1699:
1691:
1687:
1679:
1675:
1667:
1663:
1655:
1651:
1643:
1639:
1631:
1627:
1619:
1615:
1607:
1603:
1595:
1591:
1583:
1579:
1571:
1567:
1559:
1555:
1547:
1543:
1535:
1531:
1523:
1519:
1511:
1507:
1499:
1495:
1487:
1483:
1475:
1471:
1463:
1459:
1451:
1447:
1439:
1435:
1427:
1423:
1415:
1411:
1403:
1396:
1388:
1384:
1376:
1372:
1364:
1360:
1352:
1348:
1340:
1333:
1325:
1321:
1313:
1309:
1301:
1297:
1289:
1285:
1277:
1273:
1265:
1261:
1253:
1246:
1238:
1231:
1223:
1219:
1211:
1207:
1199:
1192:
1184:
1177:
1169:
1165:
1157:
1153:
1145:
1141:
1137:, p. 1037.
1133:
1129:
1121:
1112:
1104:
1100:
1092:
1088:
1080:
1076:
1068:
1064:
1056:
1052:
1044:
1040:
1032:
1028:
1020:
1013:
1005:
1001:
993:
989:
981:
972:
964:
960:
952:
933:
925:
921:
913:
902:
894:
890:
882:
878:
870:
859:
851:
847:
843:, pp. 6â7.
839:
835:
827:
823:
815:
811:
803:
799:
791:
787:
783:, pp. 4â6.
779:
775:
767:
763:
755:
751:
747:
742:
737:
736:
723:
719:
710:
706:
695:
691:
686:
647:Muammar Gaddafi
623:
580:
455:
379:Islùhat Fermùnı
359:Napoleonic Wars
355:resident aliens
339:customs tariffs
254:
189:
177:
160:
143:
116:
108:
79:nationality law
55:Enacted by
50:
47:
42:
41:
12:
11:
5:
4804:
4794:
4793:
4788:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4755:
4752:
4745:
4738:
4735:
4734:
4732:
4731:
4726:
4721:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4708:
4706:
4705:
4700:
4695:
4690:
4685:
4680:
4679:
4678:
4668:
4663:
4657:
4655:
4651:
4650:
4648:
4647:
4642:
4641:
4640:
4633:
4626:
4619:Naturalization
4616:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4598:
4596:
4592:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4585:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4572:Nordic Council
4569:
4564:
4562:European Union
4559:
4553:
4551:
4545:
4544:
4542:
4541:
4536:
4525:American Samoa
4518:
4513:
4508:
4503:
4498:
4493:
4488:
4483:
4478:
4473:
4468:
4463:
4458:
4452:
4450:
4446:
4445:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4438:
4436:United Kingdom
4433:
4428:
4423:
4418:
4413:
4408:
4403:
4398:
4393:
4388:
4383:
4378:
4373:
4368:
4363:
4358:
4353:
4348:
4342:
4340:
4339:Rest of Europe
4336:
4335:
4333:
4332:
4327:
4322:
4317:
4312:
4307:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4262:
4257:
4252:
4247:
4242:
4237:
4232:
4227:
4222:
4217:
4212:
4207:
4205:Czech Republic
4202:
4197:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4176:
4174:
4167:European Union
4160:
4156:
4155:
4153:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3924:
3921:
3920:
3918:
3917:
3912:
3907:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3856:
3854:
3850:
3849:
3847:
3846:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3812:
3807:
3802:
3797:
3792:
3787:
3782:
3777:
3772:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3713:
3711:
3704:
3700:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3684:Western Sahara
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3474:Congo Republic
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3415:
3413:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3394:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3371:
3364:
3363:
3335:
3315:
3281:
3275:
3258:
3252:
3233:
3227:
3208:
3146:
3140:
3121:
3115:
3095:
3089:
3070:
3031:
3025:
3006:
3000:
2981:
2975:
2956:
2950:
2931:
2925:
2907:Manby, Bronwen
2903:
2890:
2873:Manby, Bronwen
2869:
2863:
2847:"Introduction"
2842:
2836:
2815:
2753:
2701:
2695:
2676:
2670:
2653:
2647:
2628:
2622:
2607:
2601:
2582:
2549:
2522:
2485:
2479:
2460:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2387:
2375:
2363:
2351:
2349:, p. 284.
2339:
2327:
2315:
2313:, p. 283.
2303:
2291:
2276:
2261:
2249:
2237:
2222:
2210:
2208:, p. 293.
2198:
2196:, p. 120.
2181:
2169:
2167:, p. 100.
2154:
2142:
2130:
2128:, p. 248.
2118:
2116:, p. 151.
2106:
2104:, p. 249.
2094:
2082:
2070:
2068:, p. 150.
2051:
2039:
2037:, p. 149.
2024:
2022:, p. 148.
2012:
2000:
1998:, p. 147.
1985:
1983:, p. 200.
1973:
1961:
1959:, p. 190.
1949:
1947:, p. 191.
1934:
1932:, p. 187.
1919:
1917:, p. 187.
1907:
1895:
1893:, p. 183.
1883:
1881:, p. 192.
1868:
1856:
1844:
1832:
1830:, p. 131.
1820:
1818:, p. 130.
1808:
1806:, p. 134.
1796:
1794:, p. 129.
1784:
1782:, p. 121.
1772:
1760:
1748:
1736:
1734:, p. 299.
1721:
1709:
1697:
1685:
1673:
1661:
1649:
1637:
1625:
1613:
1601:
1589:
1577:
1565:
1553:
1541:
1529:
1517:
1515:, p. 295.
1505:
1503:, p. 292.
1493:
1491:, p. 294.
1481:
1479:, p. 291.
1469:
1467:, p. 290.
1457:
1445:
1443:, p. 287.
1433:
1431:, p. 283.
1421:
1409:
1407:, p. 278.
1394:
1382:
1370:
1358:
1356:, p. 284.
1346:
1344:, p. 165.
1331:
1319:
1317:, p. 298.
1307:
1305:, p. 132.
1295:
1283:
1281:, p. 116.
1271:
1269:, p. 130.
1259:
1244:
1229:
1217:
1205:
1190:
1175:
1173:, p. 280.
1163:
1151:
1139:
1127:
1110:
1108:, p. 297.
1098:
1086:
1074:
1062:
1060:, p. 110.
1050:
1038:
1026:
1011:
999:
987:
970:
958:
931:
919:
900:
888:
876:
857:
845:
833:
821:
809:
797:
785:
773:
761:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
735:
734:
717:
704:
688:
687:
685:
682:
669:jus matrimonii
622:
619:
615:United Nations
579:
576:
546:fascist regime
454:
451:
343:letters patent
319:Russian Empire
295:protégé system
253:
250:
246:Ottoman Empire
209:Tuareg peoples
188:
185:
176:
173:
159:
156:
155:
154:
151:
142:
139:
138:
137:
127:
123:
115:
112:
107:
104:
70:
69:
62:
61:
56:
52:
51:
49:
48:
45:
35:
34:
33:
30:
29:
23:
22:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4803:
4792:
4789:
4787:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4766:
4765:
4756:
4753:
4750:
4749:Schengen Area
4746:
4743:
4740:
4739:
4736:
4730:
4727:
4725:
4722:
4720:
4717:
4716:
4714:
4710:
4704:
4701:
4699:
4698:Statelessness
4696:
4694:
4691:
4689:
4686:
4684:
4681:
4677:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4662:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4652:
4646:
4643:
4639:
4638:
4634:
4632:
4631:
4630:Ius sanguinis
4627:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4617:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4600:
4599:
4597:
4593:
4583:
4582:African Union
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4550:organizations
4548:International
4546:
4540:
4537:
4534:
4530:
4526:
4522:
4521:United States
4519:
4517:
4514:
4512:
4509:
4507:
4504:
4502:
4499:
4497:
4494:
4492:
4489:
4487:
4484:
4482:
4479:
4477:
4474:
4472:
4469:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4459:
4457:
4454:
4453:
4451:
4447:
4437:
4434:
4432:
4429:
4427:
4424:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4414:
4412:
4409:
4407:
4404:
4402:
4399:
4397:
4394:
4392:
4389:
4387:
4384:
4382:
4379:
4377:
4374:
4372:
4369:
4367:
4364:
4362:
4359:
4357:
4354:
4352:
4349:
4347:
4344:
4343:
4341:
4337:
4331:
4328:
4326:
4323:
4321:
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4308:
4306:
4303:
4301:
4298:
4296:
4293:
4291:
4288:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4266:
4265:Liechtenstein
4263:
4261:
4258:
4256:
4253:
4251:
4248:
4246:
4243:
4241:
4238:
4236:
4233:
4231:
4228:
4226:
4223:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4201:
4198:
4196:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4173:
4172:Schengen Area
4168:
4164:
4161:
4157:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4118:
4116:
4113:
4111:
4108:
4106:
4103:
4101:
4098:
4096:
4093:
4091:
4088:
4086:
4083:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3926:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3861:
3858:
3857:
3855:
3851:
3844:
3840:
3836:
3835:United States
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3816:
3813:
3811:
3808:
3806:
3803:
3801:
3798:
3796:
3793:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3781:
3778:
3776:
3773:
3771:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3714:
3712:
3708:
3705:
3701:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3534:Guinea-Bissau
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3399:
3392:
3387:
3385:
3380:
3378:
3373:
3372:
3369:
3352:
3348:
3344:
3340:
3336:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3301:
3297:
3293:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3272:
3268:
3264:
3259:
3255:
3249:
3245:
3241:
3240:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3215:
3209:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3170:
3166:
3163:(1). Oxford:
3162:
3158:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3143:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3108:
3104:
3100:
3096:
3092:
3086:
3082:
3078:
3077:
3071:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3044:
3043:cadmus.eui.eu
3037:
3032:
3028:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3007:
3003:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2988:
2982:
2978:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2938:
2932:
2928:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2897:
2893:
2887:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2864:90-04-03945-7
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2843:
2839:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2785:
2781:
2777:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2743:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2707:
2702:
2698:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2683:
2677:
2673:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2654:
2650:
2644:
2640:
2636:
2635:
2629:
2625:
2619:
2615:
2614:
2608:
2604:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2583:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2564:
2557:
2556:
2550:
2538:
2534:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2491:
2486:
2482:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2467:
2461:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2409:
2408:
2397:, p. 17.
2396:
2395:Polimeno 2021
2391:
2385:, p. 16.
2384:
2383:Polimeno 2021
2379:
2372:
2371:Polimeno 2021
2367:
2360:
2359:Polimeno 2021
2355:
2348:
2343:
2337:, p. 14.
2336:
2335:Polimeno 2021
2331:
2324:
2323:Polimeno 2021
2319:
2312:
2307:
2300:
2299:Polimeno 2021
2295:
2288:
2287:Polimeno 2021
2283:
2281:
2273:
2272:Polimeno 2021
2268:
2266:
2258:
2257:Polimeno 2021
2253:
2247:, p. 81.
2246:
2241:
2234:
2233:Polimeno 2021
2229:
2227:
2219:
2214:
2207:
2202:
2195:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2178:
2177:St. John 2008
2173:
2166:
2165:St. John 2008
2161:
2159:
2151:
2150:Polimeno 2021
2146:
2139:
2134:
2127:
2122:
2115:
2110:
2103:
2098:
2092:, p. 91.
2091:
2086:
2079:
2074:
2067:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2048:
2043:
2036:
2031:
2029:
2021:
2016:
2009:
2004:
1997:
1992:
1990:
1982:
1977:
1970:
1965:
1958:
1953:
1946:
1941:
1939:
1931:
1926:
1924:
1916:
1911:
1904:
1899:
1892:
1887:
1880:
1875:
1873:
1865:
1860:
1853:
1848:
1841:
1836:
1829:
1824:
1817:
1812:
1805:
1800:
1793:
1788:
1781:
1776:
1769:
1764:
1758:, p. 44.
1757:
1752:
1746:, p. 98.
1745:
1740:
1733:
1728:
1726:
1718:
1713:
1707:, p. 38.
1706:
1701:
1695:, p. 28.
1694:
1689:
1683:, p. 26.
1682:
1677:
1671:, p. 27.
1670:
1665:
1658:
1653:
1646:
1641:
1635:, p. 21.
1634:
1629:
1622:
1617:
1611:, p. 20.
1610:
1605:
1599:, p. 19.
1598:
1593:
1587:, p. 35.
1586:
1585:Esposito 2020
1581:
1575:, p. 33.
1574:
1573:Esposito 2020
1569:
1563:, p. 11.
1562:
1561:Esposito 2020
1557:
1550:
1549:Esposito 2020
1545:
1538:
1537:Esposito 2020
1533:
1526:
1525:Esposito 2020
1521:
1514:
1509:
1502:
1497:
1490:
1485:
1478:
1473:
1466:
1461:
1454:
1449:
1442:
1437:
1430:
1425:
1418:
1413:
1406:
1401:
1399:
1391:
1386:
1379:
1374:
1367:
1362:
1355:
1350:
1343:
1338:
1336:
1329:, p. 18.
1328:
1323:
1316:
1311:
1304:
1299:
1293:, p. 14.
1292:
1291:Hamilton 1967
1287:
1280:
1275:
1268:
1263:
1257:, p. 59.
1256:
1251:
1249:
1242:, p. 58.
1241:
1236:
1234:
1226:
1221:
1214:
1209:
1203:, p. 57.
1202:
1197:
1195:
1188:, p. 56.
1187:
1182:
1180:
1172:
1167:
1160:
1155:
1149:, p. 10.
1148:
1143:
1136:
1131:
1125:, p. 50.
1124:
1123:St. John 2012
1119:
1117:
1115:
1107:
1102:
1096:, p. XV.
1095:
1090:
1083:
1078:
1071:
1066:
1059:
1054:
1047:
1042:
1035:
1030:
1024:, p. 67.
1023:
1018:
1016:
1009:, p. 16.
1008:
1003:
997:, p. 57.
996:
991:
985:, p. 91.
984:
979:
977:
975:
967:
962:
956:, p. 12.
955:
954:Polimeno 2021
950:
948:
946:
944:
942:
940:
938:
936:
929:, p. 51.
928:
923:
916:
911:
909:
907:
905:
897:
892:
885:
880:
873:
868:
866:
864:
862:
855:, p. 55.
854:
849:
842:
837:
830:
825:
819:, p. 48.
818:
813:
807:, p. 34.
806:
801:
794:
793:Fransman 2011
789:
782:
777:
770:
769:Polimeno 2021
765:
758:
753:
749:
731:
727:
721:
714:
708:
700:
693:
689:
681:
679:
673:
670:
664:
661:
656:
652:
648:
643:
641:
636:
631:
629:
628:jus matrimoii
618:
616:
611:
605:
602:
597:
593:
589:
585:
575:
573:
569:
564:
560:
556:
552:
547:
543:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
515:
513:
509:
505:
501:
495:
492:
486:
484:
479:
475:
471:
470:Italian Libya
467:
463:
459:
450:
448:
444:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
423:Abdulhamid II
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
400:
395:
392:
386:
382:
380:
376:
372:
368:
362:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
304:
300:
296:
292:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
264:
259:
249:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
184:
182:
172:
169:
168:denaturalized
165:
152:
149:
148:
147:
135:
131:
128:
124:
121:
120:
119:
111:
103:
101:
100:jus sanguinis
97:
93:
89:
85:
81:
80:
77:
67:
63:
60:
57:
53:
44:
43:
40:
39:
31:
28:
24:
19:
16:
4791:Law of Libya
4763:
4729:Soviet Union
4724:Ancient Rome
4719:Nazi Germany
4645:Repatriation
4635:
4628:
4595:By procedure
4130:Turkmenistan
4085:Saudi Arabia
3649:South Africa
3634:Sierra Leone
3558:
3439:Burkina Faso
3405:By continent
3355:. Retrieved
3342:
3327:. Retrieved
3307:. Retrieved
3291:
3266:
3238:
3213:
3200:. Retrieved
3160:
3154:
3126:
3106:
3099:Rosas, Allan
3075:
3062:. Retrieved
3042:
3011:
2986:
2961:
2936:
2911:
2877:
2850:
2823:
2807:. Retrieved
2767:
2761:
2745:. Retrieved
2713:
2709:
2681:
2657:
2633:
2612:
2587:
2554:
2541:. Retrieved
2530:
2514:. Retrieved
2497:
2493:
2465:
2452:. Retrieved
2420:
2416:
2404:Bibliography
2390:
2378:
2366:
2354:
2342:
2330:
2318:
2306:
2301:, p. 8.
2294:
2289:, p. 6.
2274:, p. 7.
2252:
2240:
2213:
2201:
2172:
2152:, p. 2.
2145:
2133:
2121:
2109:
2097:
2085:
2080:, p. 7.
2073:
2042:
2015:
2003:
1976:
1964:
1952:
1930:McGuire 2020
1910:
1898:
1886:
1859:
1847:
1835:
1823:
1811:
1799:
1787:
1775:
1763:
1751:
1739:
1712:
1700:
1688:
1676:
1664:
1652:
1640:
1628:
1616:
1604:
1592:
1580:
1568:
1556:
1551:, p. 6.
1544:
1539:, p. 4.
1532:
1527:, p. 3.
1520:
1508:
1496:
1484:
1472:
1460:
1448:
1436:
1424:
1412:
1385:
1373:
1361:
1349:
1322:
1310:
1303:Dykstra 1998
1298:
1286:
1279:Dykstra 1998
1274:
1262:
1220:
1213:Masters 2004
1208:
1166:
1161:, p. 2.
1154:
1142:
1130:
1101:
1094:Oyeniyi 2019
1089:
1082:Oyeniyi 2019
1077:
1065:
1053:
1041:
1036:, p. 9.
1029:
1002:
990:
961:
922:
891:
879:
874:, p. 8.
848:
836:
831:, p. 6.
824:
812:
800:
795:, p. 4.
788:
776:
764:
752:
720:
707:
692:
674:
668:
665:
651:Aouzou Strip
644:
632:
627:
624:
606:
584:World War II
581:
539:
516:
499:
496:
487:
456:
396:
387:
383:
363:
331:interpreters
307:Capitulation
294:
288:
279:
268:ahl al-KitÄb
267:
255:
221:Tripolitania
190:
178:
161:
144:
117:
109:
74:
73:
65:
36:
15:
4703:Travel visa
4661:Citizenship
4486:New Zealand
4330:Switzerland
4285:Netherlands
4095:South Korea
4075:Philippines
4055:North Korea
3935:Afghanistan
3839:Puerto Rico
3762:El Salvador
3654:South Sudan
3539:Ivory Coast
2427:: 297â310.
2126:Donati 2013
2102:Donati 2013
1981:Donati 2013
1969:Donati 2013
1957:Donati 2013
1945:Donati 2013
1915:Donati 2013
1903:Donati 2013
1891:Donati 2013
1879:Donati 2013
1864:Donati 2013
1852:Donati 2013
1840:Donati 2013
1828:Donati 2013
1816:Donati 2013
1804:Donati 2013
1792:Donati 2013
1780:Donati 2013
1768:Donati 2013
1756:Donati 2013
1744:Donati 2013
1732:Donati 2013
1717:Donati 2013
1705:Donati 2013
1693:Donati 2013
1681:Donati 2013
1669:Donati 2013
1657:Donati 2013
1645:Donati 2013
1633:Donati 2013
1621:Donati 2013
1609:Donati 2013
1597:Donati 2013
1513:Hanley 2016
1501:Hanley 2016
1489:Hanley 2016
1477:Hanley 2016
1465:Hanley 2016
1453:Hanley 2016
1441:Hanley 2016
1429:Hanley 2016
1417:Hanley 2016
1405:Hanley 2016
1390:Dailey 2021
1378:Hanley 2016
1366:Hanley 2016
1354:Hanley 2016
1327:Ăiftçi 2019
1315:Ahmida 2008
1255:Sonyel 1991
1240:Sonyel 1991
1225:Sonyel 1991
1201:Sonyel 1991
1186:Sonyel 1991
1171:Hanley 2016
1159:Karpat 1974
1135:Jaques 2007
1106:Ahmida 2008
713:Palestinian
601:Axis powers
563:concubinage
466:World War I
419:Young Turks
272:Zoroastrian
242:Sinan Pasha
197:Garamantian
92:citizenship
88:nationality
4780:Categories
4416:San Marino
4396:Montenegro
4361:Azerbaijan
4275:Luxembourg
4140:Uzbekistan
4110:Tajikistan
4015:Kyrgyzstan
4010:Kazakhstan
3970:East Timor
3945:Bangladesh
3767:Greenland
3742:Costa Rica
3644:Somaliland
3629:Seychelles
3594:Mozambique
3579:Mauritania
3564:Madagascar
3519:The Gambia
3454:Cape Verde
3197:4644014241
2915:. Oxford:
2804:6883463202
2742:5545100093
2532:News 4 Jax
2347:Manby 2018
2311:Manby 2018
2245:Manby 2016
2194:USOPM 2001
1267:Smith 2021
1070:Manby 2016
1058:Manby 2016
1046:Manby 2016
1022:Manby 2016
995:Manby 2016
983:Manby 2016
966:Manby 2016
927:Manby 2016
896:Manby 2016
853:Manby 2016
841:Manby 2016
829:Manby 2016
817:Manby 2016
805:Rosas 1994
781:Manby 2016
757:Manby 2016
740:References
635:Pan-Arabic
447:Dodecanese
431:Suez Canal
397:Since the
391:foundlings
303:beratlılar
38:Long title
4654:By result
4456:Australia
4270:Lithuania
4100:Sri Lanka
4090:Singapore
4070:Palestine
3980:Indonesia
3915:Venezuela
3860:Argentina
3820:St. Lucia
3805:Nicaragua
3780:Guatemala
3584:Mauritius
3357:8 October
3329:8 October
3309:8 October
3181:0955-2340
3167:: 56â66.
3064:8 October
2788:2376-0699
2747:10 August
2726:0304-2243
2687:Routledge
2571:907630044
2506:2619-9300
2454:9 October
2449:949161396
2433:0001-9747
745:Citations
730:etymology
542:Mussolini
427:Gibraltar
403:Assab Bay
213:Cyrenaica
4764:Category
4676:Internal
4671:Passport
4637:Ius soli
4567:Mercosur
4476:Kiribati
4315:Slovenia
4310:Slovakia
4300:Portugal
4190:Bulgaria
4120:Thailand
4065:Pakistan
4040:Mongolia
4035:Malaysia
3960:Cambodia
3905:Suriname
3895:Paraguay
3880:Colombia
3790:Honduras
3752:Dominica
3727:Barbados
3703:Americas
3694:Zimbabwe
3664:Tanzania
3509:Ethiopia
3504:Eswatini
3484:Djibouti
3449:Cameroon
3434:Botswana
3351:Archived
3323:Archived
3300:Archived
3292:Refworld
3189:26195448
3101:(1994).
3055:Archived
2992:Springer
2909:(2018).
2896:Archived
2875:(2016).
2734:41965757
2720:: 9â35.
2575:Archived
2537:Archived
2510:Archived
2441:25734507
500:jus soli
483:province
439:Lausanne
429:and the
415:Ethiopia
263:Benghazi
179:Limited
164:renounce
114:By birth
96:jus soli
4712:Defunct
4539:Vanuatu
4449:Oceania
4431:Ukraine
4386:Moldova
4376:Georgia
4366:Belarus
4356:Andorra
4351:Armenia
4346:Albania
4305:Romania
4250:Ireland
4245:Iceland
4240:Hungary
4230:Germany
4220:Finland
4215:Estonia
4210:Denmark
4195:Croatia
4185:Belgium
4180:Austria
4145:Vietnam
4045:Myanmar
4030:Lebanon
3940:Bahrain
3910:Uruguay
3885:Ecuador
3865:Bolivia
3795:Jamaica
3775:Grenada
3722:Bahamas
3674:Tunisia
3639:Somalia
3624:Senegal
3609:Nigeria
3599:Namibia
3589:Morocco
3554:Liberia
3549:Lesotho
3499:Eritrea
3469:Comoros
3444:Burundi
3419:Algeria
3263:"Libya"
3202:27 June
2809:26 June
2543:27 June
2516:26 June
582:During
568:Italian
551:Italian
531:Italian
519:Italian
504:Italian
411:Somalia
407:Eritrea
375:Turkish
347:Turkish
327:consuls
299:Turkish
230:Tripoli
201:Haratin
187:History
134:orphans
66:Status:
4516:Tuvalu
4426:Turkey
4421:Serbia
4411:Russia
4391:Monaco
4381:Kosovo
4325:Sweden
4295:Poland
4290:Norway
4260:Latvia
4235:Greece
4225:France
4200:Cyprus
4159:Europe
4125:Turkey
4115:Taiwan
4020:Kuwait
4005:Jordan
3995:Israel
3955:Brunei
3950:Bhutan
3890:Guyana
3870:Brazil
3810:Panama
3800:Mexico
3737:Canada
3732:Belize
3689:Zambia
3679:Uganda
3614:Rwanda
3569:Malawi
3529:Guinea
3424:Angola
3412:Africa
3273:
3250:
3225:
3195:
3187:
3179:
3138:
3113:
3087:
3023:
2998:
2973:
2948:
2923:
2888:
2861:
2834:
2802:
2794:
2786:
2740:
2732:
2724:
2693:
2668:
2645:
2620:
2599:
2569:
2504:
2477:
2447:
2439:
2431:
2417:Africa
702:other.
433:, the
351:berats
291:millet
276:sultan
256:After
217:Fezzan
207:, and
193:Berber
76:Libyan
4511:Tonga
4501:Samoa
4491:Palau
4471:Nauru
4320:Spain
4280:Malta
4255:Italy
4150:Yemen
4105:Syria
4080:Qatar
4050:Nepal
4000:Japan
3975:India
3965:China
3875:Chile
3853:South
3785:Haiti
3710:North
3659:Sudan
3604:Niger
3559:Libya
3544:Kenya
3524:Ghana
3514:Gabon
3489:Egypt
3429:Benin
3303:(PDF)
3288:(PDF)
3185:JSTOR
3058:(PDF)
3039:(PDF)
2899:(PDF)
2882:(PDF)
2792:JSTOR
2730:JSTOR
2578:(PDF)
2559:(PDF)
2437:JSTOR
684:Notes
329:, or
280:zimma
238:Malta
219:, or
4533:Guam
4466:Fiji
4170:and
4060:Oman
4025:Laos
3990:Iraq
3985:Iran
3928:Asia
3900:Peru
3747:Cuba
3669:Togo
3574:Mali
3464:Chad
3359:2021
3331:2021
3311:2021
3271:ISBN
3248:ISBN
3223:ISBN
3204:2021
3193:OCLC
3177:ISSN
3136:ISBN
3111:ISBN
3085:ISBN
3066:2021
3021:ISBN
2996:ISBN
2971:ISBN
2946:ISBN
2921:ISBN
2886:ISBN
2859:ISBN
2832:ISBN
2811:2021
2800:OCLC
2784:ISSN
2749:2021
2738:OCLC
2722:ISSN
2691:ISBN
2666:ISBN
2643:ISBN
2618:ISBN
2597:ISBN
2567:OCLC
2545:2021
2518:2021
2502:ISSN
2475:ISBN
2456:2021
2445:OCLC
2429:ISSN
655:Chad
460:and
317:and
205:Tebu
3169:doi
2776:doi
544:'s
405:in
236:of
132:or
4782::
4531:,
4527:,
3841:,
3341:.
3290:.
3265:.
3246:.
3221:.
3191:.
3183:.
3175:.
3159:.
3153:.
3134:.
3083:.
3053:.
3049::
3045:.
3041:.
3019:.
2994:.
2969:.
2944:.
2919:.
2894:.
2830:.
2822:.
2798:.
2790:.
2782:.
2766:.
2760:.
2736:.
2728:.
2712:.
2708:.
2689:.
2664:.
2641:.
2595:.
2573:.
2565:.
2529:.
2508:.
2496:.
2492:.
2473:.
2443:.
2435:.
2421:63
2419:.
2415:.
2279:^
2264:^
2225:^
2184:^
2157:^
2054:^
2027:^
1988:^
1937:^
1922:^
1871:^
1724:^
1397:^
1334:^
1247:^
1232:^
1193:^
1178:^
1113:^
1014:^
973:^
934:^
903:^
860:^
570::
553::
533::
521::
514:.
506::
377::
349::
325:,
301::
248:.
215:,
203:,
199:,
195:,
126:or
4751:.
4744:.
4535:)
4523:(
3845:)
3837:(
3390:e
3383:t
3376:v
3361:.
3333:.
3313:.
3279:.
3256:.
3231:.
3206:.
3171::
3161:2
3144:.
3119:.
3093:.
3068:.
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