1095:
270:
40:
737:). The report, however, concluded that "the engineering and scale up of the process to a production level may be prohibitively difficult" and that "unless other metallic impurities which are likely to be found in Lewisite are removed, the high purity required for chip application may require additional steps", noting that worldwide demand for arsenic compounds (already declining at the time) was projected to shrink further, and that the proposed economics of the conversion process did not align with then-current prices for gallium arsenide.
773:
49:
492:
27:
543:
1156:, it had the military symbol of "M1", after which it was changed to "L". Field trials with lewisite during World War II demonstrated that casualty concentrations were not achievable under high humidity, due to the rate of hydrolysis and the characteristic odor of the chemical, and the formation of tears forced troops to don masks and avoid contaminated areas. The
497:
496:
712:
Apart from deliberately injuring and killing people, lewisite has no commercial, industrial, or scientific applications. In a 1959 paper regarding the development of a batch process for lewisite synthesis, Gordon Jarman of the United States Army
Chemical Warfare Laboratories said:
797:
and begin with small blisters in the red areas of the skin within 2–3 hours and grow worse, encompassing the entire red area, for the ensuing 12–18 hours after initial exposure. Liquid lewisite has faster effects than lewisite vapor. Sufficient absorption can cause deadly
495:
784:
It can easily penetrate ordinary clothing and latex rubber gloves. Upon skin contact it causes immediate stinging, burning pain and itching that can last for 24 hours. Within minutes, a rash develops and the agent is absorbed through the skin. Large, fluid-filled
1141:(The Cleveland Plant) at East 131st Street and Taft Avenue, and given the name "G-34", which had previously been the code for mustard gas, in order to confuse its development with mustard gas. On November 1, 1918, production began at a plant in
1110:
during studies for his PhD. In his thesis, he described a reaction between acetylene and arsenic trichloride, which led to the formation of lewisite. Exposure to the resulting compound made
Nieuwland so ill he was hospitalized for several days.
915:, also called dimercaprol, is the antidote for lewisite. It can be injected to prevent systemic toxicity, but will not prevent injury to the skin, eyes, or mucous membranes. Chemically, dimercaprol binds to the arsenic in lewisite. It is
1540:
Doi, M.; Hattori, N.; Yokoyama, A.; Onari, Y.; Kanehara, M.; Masuda, K.; Tonda, T.; Ohtaki, M.; Kohno, N. Effect of
Mustard Gas Exposure on Incidence of Lung Cancer: A Longitudinal Study. American Journal of Epidemiology 2011, 173,
602:
irritant. Although the substance is colorless and odorless in its pure form, impure samples of lewisite are a yellow, brown, violet-black, green, or amber oily liquid with a distinctive odor that has been described as similar to
1212:
a
Russian artillery attack against Ukrainian forces had included lewisite, causing symptoms of nausea, vomiting and in some cases loss of consciousness. However, no information from any sample analysis were published.
1229:
were negotiating disposal of lewisite stockpile in northeastern China, left by the
Japanese military during World War II. People had died over the preceding twenty years from accidental exposure to these stockpiles.
614:(1878–1943). Apart from its use as a weapon of war, the compound is useless; a chemist from the United States Army's chemical warfare laboratories said that "no one has ever found any use for the compound".
1862:. Report of the OPCW on the Implementation of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction in 2015 (Report). p. 42
717:
The manufacture can be one of the easiest and most economical in the metal-organic field, and it is regretted that no one has ever found any use for the compound. It is a pity to waste such a neat process.
1171:), and was declared obsolete in the 1950s. Lewisite poisoning can be treated effectively with British anti-lewisite (dimercaprol). Most stockpiles of lewisite were neutralised with
863:. Ingestion results in severe pain, nausea, vomiting, and tissue damage. The results of eye exposure can range from stinging, burning pain and strong irritation to blistering and
1198:. When the convention entered force in 1997, the parties declared world-wide stockpiles of 6,747 tonnes. By the end of 2015, 98% of the declared stockpiles had been destroyed.
1041:
Lewisite can be a mixture of molecules with a different number of vinylchloride groups on the arsenic chloride: lewisite itself (2-chlorovinylarsonous dichloride), along with
2598:
2679:
1531:
Chauhan, S.; Chauhan, S.; D’Cruz, R.; Faruqi, S.; Singh, K. K.; Varma, S.; Singh, M.; Karthik, V. Chemical warfare agents. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2008, 26, 113–122
674:
498:
725:
detailed attempts by
Russian chemists in "exploring processes for the conversion of these agents to marketable products", including the extraction of high-purity
1316:
2436:
1280:
556:
1094:
946:. In an advanced care setting, supportive care can include fluid and electrolyte replacement. Because the tube may injure or perforate the esophagus,
1130:
Lewis then attempted to purify the compound through distillation but found that the mixture exploded on heating until it was washed with HCl.
879:. The eyes can swell shut, which can keep the eyes safe from further exposure. The most severe consequences of eye exposure to lewisite are
319:
895:
513:
1983:
1587:
1570:
901:
Lewisite causes damage to the respiratory tract at levels lower than the odor detection threshold. Early tissue damage causes pain.
520:
1746:
1942:
1318:
U.S. National
Research Council, Committee on Review and Evaluation of the Army Non-Stockpile Chemical Materiel Disposal Program
973:. It can also cause long-term illnesses or permanent damage to organs, depending on where the exposure has occurred, including
1118:(1878–1943). In 1918, John Griffin, Julius Arthur Nieuwland's thesis advisor, drew Lewis's attention to Nieuwland's thesis at
4113:
1516:
1461:
1010:
1294:
3195:
1191:
1833:
2811:
1123:
1696:
2826:
2816:
1331:
284:
827:
Inhalation, the most common route of exposure, causes burning pain and irritation throughout the respiratory tract,
551:
4093:
2654:
2097:
1262:
563:
147:
4108:
4062:
2285:
3543:
3352:
3106:
1786:
1730:
1629:
1317:
459:
3538:
2786:
1976:
1244:
753:. As an efficient method to produce ATP, pyruvate dehydrogenase is involved in the conversion of pyruvate to
506:
1961:
4088:
3138:
2684:
217:
926:
Other treatment for lewisite exposure is primarily supportive. First aid of lewisite exposure consists of
4103:
2920:
2864:
2858:
2780:
2755:
2649:
2212:
1195:
959:
816:, which then become leaky, reducing blood volume required to maintain blood pressure, a condition called
248:
3528:
4049:
3759:
3227:
2806:
2553:
1820:
1374:
812:(low blood pressure) known as Lewisite shock, with some features of arsenic toxicity. Lewisite damages
184:
4017:
3425:
3222:
762:
265:
4098:
3734:
3719:
3327:
3237:
3071:
2884:
2709:
1969:
1079:
178:
3282:
3277:
2852:
1442:
Jarman, Gordon N. (January 1, 1959). "Chemical Corps
Experience in the Manufacture of Lewisite".
1205:
1058:
1030:
887:. Generalised symptoms also include restlessness, weakness, hypothermia and low blood pressure.
3307:
3061:
2889:
2240:
2230:
2077:
1917:"Russia Using Chemical Weapon During Bakhmut Artillery Bombardments, Ukrainian Official Claims"
1645:
Vilensky, J. A.; Redman, K. (2003). "British Anti-Lewisite (Dimercaprol): An
Amazing History".
1180:
1152:
After World War I, the US became interested in lewisite because it was not flammable. Up until
939:
931:
750:
722:
587:
1551:
McNutt, Patrick M.; Tracey L., Hamilton (2015). "Ocular toxicity of chemical warfare agents".
704:
Lewisite reacts with metals to form hydrogen gas. It is combustible, but difficult to ignite.
3679:
3206:
3007:
2915:
1882:
1375:"CDC – The Emergency Response Safety and Health Database: Blister Agent: Lewsite (L) – NIOSH"
1321:
1068:
998:
943:
793:
exposure) develop after approximately 12 hours and cause pain for 2–3 days. These are severe
167:
765:
pathology usually arises from
Lewisite exposure as the nervous system essentially relies on
4006:
3834:
3754:
3415:
3342:
3297:
3262:
3242:
2791:
2290:
2160:
2154:
2092:
2001:
1167:
Lewisite was replaced by the mustard gas variant HT (a 60:40 mixture of sulfur mustard and
1026:
994:
730:
226:
67:
8:
4039:
3699:
3467:
3395:
3390:
3322:
3247:
2930:
2879:
2750:
2740:
2510:
2321:
2148:
2122:
2112:
2082:
1859:
1603:
1239:
1022:
860:
623:
590:. It was once manufactured in the U.S., Japan, Germany and the Soviet Union for use as a
123:
113:
1400:"Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology: Continuation of Residue Reviews"
269:
4067:
3925:
3880:
3839:
3739:
3217:
3184:
3111:
2925:
2719:
2087:
820:. When the blood pressure is low, the kidneys may not receive enough oxygen and can be
698:
1803:
1779:
Dew of Death – The Story of Lewisite, America's World War I Weapon of Mass Destruction
1723:
Dew of Death – The Story of Lewisite, America's World War I Weapon of Mass Destruction
1622:
Dew of Death – The Story of Lewisite, America's World War I Weapon of Mass Destruction
934:
of any areas that have been exposed. Other measures can be used as necessary, such as
39:
3885:
3744:
3664:
3312:
3272:
3232:
3086:
2905:
2900:
2846:
2841:
2821:
2775:
2035:
1782:
1765:
Dew of Death: The Story of Lewisite, America's World War I Weapon of Mass Destruction
1750:
1726:
1662:
1625:
1512:
1457:
1443:
1419:
1327:
1209:
1190:
Production of quantities greater than 100 grams per year per facility were banned by
1115:
1002:
966:
935:
884:
876:
772:
746:
670:
611:
1949:
1857:
1448:. Advances in Chemistry. Vol. 23. American Chemical Society. pp. 328–337.
206:
4022:
3849:
3729:
3292:
3267:
3257:
2935:
2801:
2745:
2500:
2482:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2373:
2362:
2222:
2062:
2041:
2030:
1996:
1897:
1654:
1582:
1449:
1411:
1142:
1107:
1057:). In addition, there are sometimes isomeric impurities: lewisite itself is mostly
916:
734:
591:
414:
342:
48:
2403:
2313:
3905:
3684:
3400:
3153:
3076:
3056:
2978:
2072:
2052:
1127:
927:
852:
1477:
1415:
3824:
3764:
3689:
3628:
3362:
3302:
3051:
2492:
2263:
2188:
2102:
1490:
1453:
1184:
1176:
974:
962:; eye exposure to lewisite can cause permanent visual impairment or blindness.
947:
920:
799:
721:
While the compound itself has no useful application, a 1993 report from the US
534:
435:
1399:
1201:
In 2001, lewisite was found in a World War I weapons dump in Washington, D.C.
4082:
4028:
3975:
3970:
3900:
3844:
3709:
3694:
3648:
3473:
3436:
3405:
3252:
3101:
2984:
2910:
2836:
2207:
2132:
2057:
1991:
1157:
990:
880:
868:
821:
794:
777:
403:
393:
1295:"Russia Completes Destruction of First 10 Tons of Lewisite – Analysis – NTI"
1164:
for mustard gas, or to penetrate protective clothing in special situations.
1078:-2-chloro isomer is the most stable, and that the carbon–arsenic bond has a
697:
This reaction is accelerated in alkaline solutions, and forms acetylene and
26:
3980:
3930:
3714:
3704:
3659:
3653:
3623:
3618:
3376:
3287:
3189:
3133:
3096:
3045:
3024:
2973:
2940:
2869:
2831:
2770:
2735:
2633:
2255:
2235:
2107:
2006:
1921:
1666:
1160:
produced about 20,000 tons of lewisite, keeping it on hand primarily as an
1153:
1119:
1099:
891:
1423:
1216:
519:
3990:
3965:
3920:
3783:
3749:
3613:
3608:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3533:
3452:
3441:
3431:
3143:
2874:
2765:
2760:
2694:
2393:
2378:
2350:
2332:
2304:
2196:
2017:
1858:
Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (30 November 2016).
1821:
Code Red – Weapons of Mass Destruction Online Resources; – Blister Agents
1398:
Goldman, Max; Dacre, Jack C. (February 14, 1989). Ware, George W. (ed.).
1146:
978:
912:
872:
856:
817:
809:
790:
604:
1658:
1588:
10.1002/(SICI)1099-1395(199902)12:2<95::AID-POC91>3.0.CO;2-V
505:
3940:
3935:
3915:
3910:
3895:
3890:
3803:
3798:
3774:
3598:
3583:
3578:
3523:
3518:
3200:
3081:
3040:
3034:
3018:
3001:
2995:
2962:
2954:
2895:
2689:
2461:
2367:
2356:
2178:
2172:
1161:
1149:, but Britain experimented with it in the 1920s as the "Dew of Death".
1054:
1046:
1018:
1014:
832:
754:
666:
659:
655:
512:
425:
365:
158:
1916:
1901:
958:
From one acute exposure, someone who has inhaled lewisite can develop
4035:
3985:
3960:
3950:
3875:
3603:
3593:
3588:
3508:
3488:
3462:
3447:
3385:
3332:
3091:
3029:
3012:
2990:
2967:
2704:
2545:
2338:
2202:
2141:
2067:
1281:"A drop in the ocean: the sea-dumping of chemical weapons in Okinawa"
1168:
1134:
1133:
Lewisite was developed into a secret weapon at a facility located in
1083:
864:
828:
813:
758:
627:
237:
533:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
4044:
3945:
3854:
3724:
3638:
3548:
3498:
3381:
3370:
3347:
3337:
3317:
3212:
3179:
3173:
3163:
2563:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2025:
982:
844:
802:
595:
478:
898:, though it has not been confirmed that lewisite is a carcinogen.
146:
3793:
3788:
3503:
3493:
3483:
3478:
3168:
2796:
2714:
2699:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2558:
2466:
2456:
2416:
2411:
2388:
2383:
2117:
1506:
1266:
970:
848:
786:
766:
726:
379:
193:
1767:(Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 2005), page 36.
4011:
3674:
3669:
3457:
2603:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2245:
2047:
1607:, Ph.D. thesis, University of Notre Dame (Notre Dame, Indiana).
1172:
1006:
836:
654:
This chemical process can occur a second or third time, giving
1747:"Upton native's role was the best defense; WWI masks thwarted"
1086:
on the arsenic is approximately aligned with the vinyl group.
3955:
3870:
3829:
3116:
2520:
2515:
2505:
2344:
2327:
2280:
1226:
1222:
986:
840:
136:
2599:
Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)
1801:
894:: arsenic is categorized as a respiratory carcinogen by the
253:
3126:
3121:
2680:
2-Ethoxycarbonyl-1-methylvinyl cyclohexyl methylphosphonate
1138:
969:(due to its arsenic content) and development of a lewisite
599:
1074:
Experimental and computational studies both find that the
3513:
3066:
1834:"Commander: World is safer with chemical stockpile gone"
1071:(1-chlorovinylarsonous dichloride) may also be present.
1217:
Controversy over Japanese deposits of lewisite in China
1491:"Commercial Products from Demilitarization Operations"
1511:(6th ed.). New York: Freeman. pp. 494–495.
1404:
Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology
1679:
Vilensky, J. "Father Nieuwland and the 'Dew of Death
1571:"Conformational analysis of the isomers of lewisite"
904:
Hydrolysis leads to chlorovinylarsonous acid, CVAA.
851:), and in severe cases of exposure, can cause fatal
1114:Lewisite is named after the US chemist and soldier
610:Lewisite is named after the US chemist and soldier
1553:Handbook of Toxicology of Chemical Warfare Agents
1437:
1435:
1433:
808:Those exposed to lewisite can develop refractory
4080:
1569:Urban, Joseph J.; von Tersch, Robert L. (1999).
205:
1568:
1550:
494:
122:
1644:
1507:Berg, J.; Tymoczko, J. L.; Stryer, L. (2007).
1430:
1323:Disposal of Chemical Agent Identification Sets
1977:
1880:
1716:
1714:
1478:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK236079/
776:Lewisite (top row) and mustard gas test with
473:Flammable, highly toxic, corrosive, vesicant
1915:Brown, Steve; Korshak, Stefan (2023-07-05).
1914:
1810:. University of Bristol School of Chemistry.
1725:. Indiana University Press. pp. 21–23.
1699:. Early County News. May 29, 1919. p. 7
1697:"Deadliest Poison Discovered By An American"
1638:
1615:
1613:
1564:
1562:
1397:
1179:. The last remaining U.S. stockpiles at the
622:The compound is prepared by the addition of
1943:"Abandoned Chemical Weapons (ACW) in China"
1482:
1391:
1063:-2-chlorovinylarsonous dichloride, but the
896:International Agency for Research on Cancer
293:InChI=1S/C2H2AsCl3/c4-2-1-3(5)6/h1-2H/b2-1+
1984:
1970:
1883:"Chemical weapons: Buried in the backyard"
1770:
1711:
303:InChI=1/C2H2AsCl3/c4-2-1-3(5)6/h1-2H/b2-1+
268:
166:
1691:
1689:
1610:
1586:
1559:
1476:Chemistry of Sulfur Mustard and Lewisite
877:edema of the eyelids and periorbital area
665:Lewisite, like other arsenous chlorides,
225:
1781:. Indiana University Press. p. 50.
1776:
1720:
1619:
1326:. National Academies Press. p. 16.
1278:
1093:
771:
630:in the presence of a suitable catalyst:
1831:
1624:. Indiana University Press. p. 4.
1187:, Utah were destroyed in January 2012.
1036:
965:Chronic exposure to lewisite can cause
264:
183:
4081:
2865:Methylphosphonyl dichloride (dichloro)
2859:Methylphosphonyl difluoride (difluoro)
1686:
1441:
993:, burning pain in the nose and mouth,
740:
408:190 °C (374 °F; 463 K)
3107:Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TETS)
1965:
1488:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1312:
1310:
1308:
1011:chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
981:), visual impairment, double vision (
757:. The latter subsequently enters the
617:
296:Key: GIKLTQKNOXNBNY-OWOJBTEDSA-N
1500:
1361:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1345:
1343:
1106:Lewisite was synthesized in 1904 by
1098:Lewisite identification poster from
953:
398:−18 °C (0 °F; 255 K)
16:Arsenic compound and chemical weapon
3196:Dimethyl(trifluoromethylthio)arsine
1804:"British anti-Lewisite Development"
1802:Tabangcura, D. Jr.; Daubert, G. P.
1555:. Academic Press. pp. 535–555.
306:Key: GIKLTQKNOXNBNY-OWOJBTEDBF
196:
13:
2812:Dimethylamidophosphoric dichloride
1305:
1124:The Catholic University of America
1045:(2-chlorovinyl)arsinous chloride (
490:
89:)-2-Chlorovinylarsonous dichloride
47:
38:
14:
4125:
2827:Ethylphosphonoselenoic dichloride
2817:Dimethylamidophosphoric dicyanide
1890:Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists
1470:
1340:
677:(a less-powerful blister agent):
2655:Dicyclohexyl phosphorofluoridate
2098:2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzodioxin
1204:In July 2023 a spokesman of the
890:It is possible that Lewisite is
541:
25:
4063:List of chemical warfare agents
2286:Dibutylchloromethyltin chloride
1935:
1908:
1874:
1851:
1832:Moulton, Kristen (2012-01-18).
1825:
1814:
1795:
1757:
1739:
1673:
1601:Julius Arthur Nieuwland (1904)
1595:
1544:
1534:
1525:
1283:– via Japan Times Online.
707:
537:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
1287:
1279:Mitchell, Jon (27 July 2013).
1272:
1256:
460:Occupational safety and health
1:
1489:Bosco, Salvatore (May 1993).
1263:Lewisite I – Compound Summary
1250:
1245:Blue Cross (chemical warfare)
95:)-2-Chlorovinyldichloroarsine
83:2-Chloroethenyldichloroarsine
4114:World War I chemical weapons
3139:Trimethylolpropane phosphite
2685:Neopentylene fluorophosphate
1647:Annals of Emergency Medicine
907:
789:(similar to those caused by
769:as its only catabolic fuel.
81:Chlorovinylarsine dichloride
7:
2921:3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexanol
2781:N,N-Diisopropylaminoethanol
2650:Diisopropyl fluorophosphate
1604:Some Reactions of Acetylene
1416:10.1007/978-1-4684-7092-5_2
1233:
1196:Chemical Weapons Convention
1122:, a chemical laboratory at
960:chronic respiratory disease
34:
10:
4130:
3760:Hexamethylene diisocyanate
3228:Phenylcarbylamine chloride
2554:Dimethylcarbamoyl fluoride
1454:10.1021/ba-1959-0023.ch031
1426:– via Springer Link.
1089:
430:Ethers, hydrocarbons, THF
4058:
4018:Fluoroethyl fluoroacetate
3999:
3863:
3812:
3773:
3637:
3414:
3361:
3223:Perchloromethyl mercaptan
3152:
2953:
2728:
2642:
2634:4-686-293-01 (Agent 1-10)
2544:
2491:
2475:
2402:
2312:
2303:
2273:
2254:
2221:
2187:
2140:
2131:
2016:
1496:. Defense Nuclear Agency.
989:), dry mucous membranes,
944:monitoring of vital signs
763:Peripheral nervous system
675:chlorovinylarsenous oxide
531:
457:
452:
335:
315:
280:
106:
78:
66:
61:
33:
24:
3735:Chloroacetophenone oxime
3720:Bromomethyl ethyl ketone
3328:Trifluoroacetyl chloride
3238:Tetrachlorodinitroethane
2885:Phosphorus pentachloride
2710:Methanesulfonyl fluoride
1777:Vilensky, J. A. (2005).
1721:Vilensky, J. A. (2005).
1620:Vilensky, J. A. (2005).
1208:claimed that during the
4094:Organoarsenic chlorides
4014:(variants and mixtures)
3283:Trichloronitrosomethane
3278:Trifluoronitrosomethane
2853:Methyldichlorophosphine
1445:Metal-Organic Compounds
1206:Armed Forces of Ukraine
1108:Julius Arthur Nieuwland
1053:(2-chlorovinyl)arsine (
1031:squamous cell carcinoma
847:, difficult breathing (
749:of the E3 component of
4109:Arsenic(III) compounds
3813:Cornea-clouding agents
3308:Phosphorus trichloride
2890:Phosphorus trichloride
2624:Miotine (AR-28/T-1843)
2078:Phosphorus trifluoride
1881:Tucker, J. B. (2001).
1181:Deseret Chemical Depot
1103:
865:scarring of the cornea
781:
751:pyruvate dehydrogenase
723:Defense Nuclear Agency
719:
588:organoarsenic compound
501:
101:)-2-chlorovinyl)arsine
52:
43:
3207:Disulfur decafluoride
3008:Chlorophenylsilatrane
2916:2,4,5-Trichlorophenol
1838:The Salt Lake Tribune
1808:Molecule of the Month
1753:on December 18, 2007.
1145:. It was not used in
1097:
1069:constitutional isomer
1067:stereoisomer and the
999:peripheral neuropathy
977:, aversion to light (
913:British anti-lewisite
775:
715:
500:
51:
42:
4007:Methyl fluoroacetate
3835:Methyl cyanoacrylate
3755:Allyl isothiocyanate
3343:Uranium hexafluoride
3298:Dinitrogen tetroxide
3243:Chlorine trifluoride
2291:Selenium oxychloride
2161:Phenyldichloroarsine
2155:Methyldichloroarsine
2093:Nickel tetracarbonyl
1410:. Springer: 75–115.
1175:and dumped into the
1037:Chemical composition
1027:basal cell carcinoma
995:toxic encephalopathy
950:is contraindicated.
940:assisted ventilation
731:semiconductor doping
598:(blister agent) and
483:(fire diamond)
68:Preferred IUPAC name
4089:Arsenical vesicants
3700:Bromobenzyl cyanide
3468:Dimethylheptylpyran
3396:Diphenylcyanoarsine
3391:Diphenylchlorarsine
3323:Methyl vinyl ketone
3248:Perchloryl fluoride
3112:Bicyclic phosphates
2931:Trimethyl phosphite
2880:Phosphoryl chloride
2149:Ethyldichloroarsine
2123:Chloral cyanohydrin
2113:Acetone cyanohydrin
2083:Methyl cyanoformate
1659:10.1067/mem.2003.72
1240:Ethyldichloroarsine
861:respiratory failure
780:from 0.01% to 0.06%
741:Mechanism of action
624:arsenic trichloride
415:Solubility in water
374:g/mol
72:arsonous dichloride
21:
4104:Alkene derivatives
4068:CB military symbol
3926:Enterotoxin type B
3881:Cyclopiazonic acid
3840:N-Methylmorpholine
3740:Ethyl bromoacetate
3218:Ethyl bromoacetate
3185:Perfluoroisobutene
2926:Triethyl phosphite
2197:Levinstein mustard
2088:Iron pentacarbonyl
1763:Joel A. Vilensky,
1575:J. Phys. Org. Chem
1104:
782:
699:trisodium arsenate
618:Chemical reactions
564:Infobox references
502:
420:Reacts with water
53:
44:
19:
4076:
4075:
3886:Histrionicotoxins
3864:Biological toxins
3745:Ethyl iodoacetate
3313:Methyl isocyanate
3273:Selenoyl fluoride
3263:Mercuric chloride
3233:Tetranitromethane
3087:Sulfuryl fluoride
3072:HN3 hydrochloride
3067:HN2 hydrochloride
3062:HN1 hydrochloride
2949:
2948:
2906:Phenacyl chloride
2901:Pinacolyl alcohol
2847:Isopropyl alcohol
2842:4-Hydroxycoumarin
2776:1,8-Dibromooctane
2299:
2298:
2223:Nitrogen mustards
2036:Cyanogen chloride
1955:on March 5, 2012.
1902:10.2968/057005014
1518:978-0-7167-8724-2
1463:978-0-8412-0024-1
1210:battle of Bakhmut
1116:Winford Lee Lewis
967:arsenic poisoning
954:Long-term effects
936:airway management
881:globe perforation
747:suicide inhibitor
671:hydrochloric acid
669:in water to form
612:Winford Lee Lewis
572:Chemical compound
570:
569:
249:CompTox Dashboard
148:Interactive image
57:
56:
4121:
4050:White phosphorus
4027:post-combustion
4023:Depleted uranium
3850:Osmium tetroxide
3730:Phenacyl bromide
3293:Nitrogen dioxide
3268:Selenium dioxide
3258:Cadmium chloride
2715:Dimefox (TL-792)
2310:
2309:
2138:
2137:
2063:Hydrogen sulfide
2042:Hydrogen cyanide
2031:Cyanogen bromide
1997:chemical warfare
1986:
1979:
1972:
1963:
1962:
1957:
1956:
1954:
1948:. Archived from
1947:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1930:
1929:
1912:
1906:
1905:
1887:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1829:
1823:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1774:
1768:
1761:
1755:
1754:
1749:. Archived from
1743:
1737:
1736:
1718:
1709:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1693:
1684:
1682:
1677:
1671:
1670:
1642:
1636:
1635:
1617:
1608:
1599:
1593:
1592:
1590:
1566:
1557:
1556:
1548:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1523:
1522:
1504:
1498:
1497:
1495:
1486:
1480:
1474:
1468:
1467:
1439:
1428:
1427:
1395:
1389:
1388:
1386:
1385:
1371:
1338:
1337:
1314:
1303:
1302:
1291:
1285:
1284:
1276:
1270:
1260:
1183:located outside
1143:Willoughby, Ohio
921:peanut allergies
735:gallium arsenide
689:O → ClCHCHAs(OH)
554:
548:
545:
544:
522:
515:
508:
493:
447:
443:
387:
373:
343:Chemical formula
273:
272:
257:
255:
229:
209:
198:
187:
170:
150:
126:
35:
29:
22:
18:
4129:
4128:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4120:
4119:
4118:
4099:Organochlorides
4079:
4078:
4077:
4072:
4054:
3995:
3906:Botulinum toxin
3859:
3808:
3769:
3685:Benzyl chloride
3640:
3633:
3417:
3410:
3401:Cacodyl cyanide
3363:Vomiting agents
3357:
3155:
3148:
3057:Dimethylmercury
2979:Botulinum toxin
2945:
2724:
2638:
2540:
2493:Novichok agents
2487:
2471:
2398:
2295:
2269:
2250:
2217:
2189:Sulfur mustards
2183:
2127:
2073:Carbon monoxide
2053:Cacodyl cyanide
2012:
2011:
1995:Agents used in
1990:
1960:
1952:
1945:
1941:
1940:
1936:
1927:
1925:
1913:
1909:
1885:
1879:
1875:
1865:
1863:
1856:
1852:
1842:
1840:
1830:
1826:
1819:
1815:
1800:
1796:
1789:
1775:
1771:
1762:
1758:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1733:
1719:
1712:
1702:
1700:
1695:
1694:
1687:
1680:
1678:
1674:
1643:
1639:
1632:
1618:
1611:
1600:
1596:
1567:
1560:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1526:
1519:
1505:
1501:
1493:
1487:
1483:
1475:
1471:
1464:
1440:
1431:
1396:
1392:
1383:
1381:
1373:
1372:
1341:
1334:
1315:
1306:
1293:
1292:
1288:
1277:
1273:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1236:
1219:
1128:Washington D.C.
1092:
1039:
956:
928:decontamination
917:contraindicated
910:
853:pulmonary edema
743:
710:
692:
688:
684:
662:as byproducts.
649:
645:
641:
637:
620:
592:chemical weapon
573:
566:
561:
560:
559: ?)
550:
546:
542:
538:
527:
526:
525:
524:
517:
510:
503:
499:
491:
470:
445:
441:
417:
385:
371:
359:
355:
351:
345:
331:
328:
323:
322:
311:
308:
307:
304:
298:
297:
294:
288:
287:
276:
266:DTXSID301259287
258:
251:
232:
212:
199:
173:
153:
140:
129:
116:
102:
96:
90:
84:
82:
74:
73:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4127:
4117:
4116:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4070:
4065:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4042:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4029:uranium oxides
4020:
4015:
4009:
4003:
4001:
3997:
3996:
3994:
3993:
3988:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3968:
3963:
3958:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3938:
3933:
3928:
3923:
3918:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3867:
3865:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3852:
3847:
3842:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3816:
3814:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3780:
3778:
3771:
3770:
3768:
3767:
3765:Crotonaldehyde
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3690:Benzyl bromide
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3651:
3645:
3643:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3629:Chlorpromazine
3626:
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3586:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3445:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3422:
3420:
3416:Incapacitating
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3379:
3374:
3367:
3365:
3359:
3358:
3356:
3355:
3350:
3345:
3340:
3335:
3330:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3303:Sulfur dioxide
3300:
3295:
3290:
3285:
3280:
3275:
3270:
3265:
3260:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3240:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3210:
3204:
3198:
3193:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3171:
3166:
3160:
3158:
3156:choking agents
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3130:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3052:Tetraethyllead
3049:
3043:
3038:
3032:
3027:
3022:
3016:
3010:
3005:
2999:
2993:
2988:
2982:
2976:
2971:
2965:
2959:
2957:
2951:
2950:
2947:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2898:
2893:
2887:
2882:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2856:
2850:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2784:
2778:
2773:
2768:
2763:
2758:
2756:A.P.C. complex
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2732:
2730:
2726:
2725:
2723:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2646:
2644:
2640:
2639:
2637:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2561:
2556:
2550:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2497:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2485:
2479:
2477:
2473:
2472:
2470:
2469:
2467:V-sub x (GD-7)
2464:
2459:
2454:
2449:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2419:
2414:
2408:
2406:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2365:
2360:
2354:
2348:
2342:
2336:
2330:
2325:
2318:
2316:
2307:
2301:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2293:
2288:
2283:
2277:
2275:
2271:
2270:
2268:
2267:
2264:Phosgene oxime
2260:
2258:
2252:
2251:
2249:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2227:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2193:
2191:
2185:
2184:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2144:
2135:
2133:Blister agents
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2103:Glycolonitrile
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2033:
2028:
2022:
2020:
2014:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2004:
2002:incapacitation
1999:
1992:
1989:
1988:
1981:
1974:
1966:
1959:
1958:
1934:
1907:
1873:
1850:
1824:
1813:
1794:
1787:
1769:
1756:
1738:
1731:
1710:
1685:
1672:
1653:(3): 378–383.
1637:
1630:
1609:
1594:
1558:
1543:
1533:
1524:
1517:
1499:
1481:
1469:
1462:
1429:
1390:
1339:
1332:
1304:
1286:
1271:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1248:
1247:
1242:
1235:
1232:
1218:
1215:
1185:Salt Lake City
1177:Gulf of Mexico
1091:
1088:
1038:
1035:
975:conjunctivitis
955:
952:
948:gastric lavage
919:in those with
909:
906:
795:chemical burns
778:concentrations
745:Lewisite is a
742:
739:
709:
706:
695:
694:
690:
686:
682:
652:
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
619:
616:
594:, acting as a
571:
568:
567:
562:
540:
539:
535:standard state
532:
529:
528:
518:
511:
504:
489:
488:
487:
486:
484:
475:
474:
471:
468:
465:
464:
455:
454:
450:
449:
438:
436:Vapor pressure
432:
431:
428:
422:
421:
418:
413:
410:
409:
406:
400:
399:
396:
390:
389:
382:
376:
375:
368:
362:
361:
357:
353:
349:
346:
341:
338:
337:
333:
332:
330:
329:
326:
318:
317:
316:
313:
312:
310:
309:
305:
302:
301:
299:
295:
292:
291:
283:
282:
281:
278:
277:
275:
274:
261:
259:
247:
244:
243:
240:
234:
233:
231:
230:
222:
220:
214:
213:
211:
210:
202:
200:
192:
189:
188:
181:
175:
174:
172:
171:
163:
161:
155:
154:
152:
151:
143:
141:
134:
131:
130:
128:
127:
119:
117:
112:
109:
108:
104:
103:
80:
76:
75:
71:
70:
64:
63:
59:
58:
55:
54:
45:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4126:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4107:
4105:
4102:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4090:
4087:
4086:
4084:
4069:
4066:
4064:
4061:
4060:
4057:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4040:its compounds
4037:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4025:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4005:
4004:
4002:
3998:
3992:
3989:
3987:
3984:
3982:
3979:
3977:
3976:Tetanospasmin
3974:
3972:
3971:T-2 mycotoxin
3969:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3942:
3939:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3929:
3927:
3924:
3922:
3919:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3901:Batrachotoxin
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3862:
3856:
3853:
3851:
3848:
3846:
3845:Allyl alcohol
3843:
3841:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3823:
3821:
3818:
3817:
3815:
3811:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3772:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3710:Chloroacetone
3708:
3706:
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3695:Benzyl iodide
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3649:Xylyl bromide
3647:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3636:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3585:
3582:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3535:
3532:
3530:
3527:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3437:Butyrophenone
3435:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3424:
3423:
3421:
3419:
3413:
3407:
3406:o-Dianisidine
3404:
3402:
3399:
3397:
3394:
3392:
3389:
3387:
3383:
3380:
3378:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3368:
3366:
3364:
3360:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3344:
3341:
3339:
3336:
3334:
3331:
3329:
3326:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3274:
3271:
3269:
3266:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3256:
3254:
3253:Cadmium oxide
3251:
3249:
3246:
3244:
3241:
3239:
3236:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3151:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3102:Batrachotoxin
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3031:
3028:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2986:
2985:Tetanospasmin
2983:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2952:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2860:
2857:
2854:
2851:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
2820:
2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2772:
2769:
2767:
2764:
2762:
2759:
2757:
2754:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2651:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2585:
2582:
2580:
2577:
2575:
2572:
2570:
2567:
2565:
2562:
2560:
2557:
2555:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2494:
2490:
2484:
2481:
2480:
2478:
2474:
2468:
2465:
2463:
2460:
2458:
2455:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2433:
2430:
2428:
2425:
2423:
2420:
2418:
2415:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2358:
2355:
2352:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2334:
2331:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2278:
2276:
2272:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2259:
2257:
2256:Nettle agents
2253:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2228:
2226:
2224:
2220:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2186:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2143:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2121:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2074:
2071:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2058:Cacodyl oxide
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2015:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1994:
1993:
1987:
1982:
1980:
1975:
1973:
1968:
1967:
1964:
1951:
1944:
1938:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1911:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1884:
1877:
1861:
1854:
1839:
1835:
1828:
1822:
1817:
1809:
1805:
1798:
1790:
1784:
1780:
1773:
1766:
1760:
1752:
1748:
1742:
1734:
1728:
1724:
1717:
1715:
1698:
1692:
1690:
1676:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1641:
1633:
1627:
1623:
1616:
1614:
1606:
1605:
1598:
1589:
1584:
1581:(2): 95–102.
1580:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1563:
1554:
1547:
1537:
1528:
1520:
1514:
1510:
1503:
1492:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1465:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1447:
1446:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1394:
1380:
1376:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
1360:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1346:
1344:
1335:
1333:0-309-06879-7
1329:
1325:
1324:
1319:
1313:
1311:
1309:
1300:
1296:
1290:
1282:
1275:
1268:
1264:
1259:
1255:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1238:
1237:
1231:
1228:
1224:
1221:In mid-2006,
1214:
1211:
1207:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1165:
1163:
1159:
1158:United States
1155:
1150:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1112:
1109:
1101:
1096:
1087:
1085:
1082:in which the
1081:
1077:
1072:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
991:garlic breath
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
963:
961:
951:
949:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
924:
922:
918:
914:
905:
902:
899:
897:
893:
888:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
869:blepharospasm
867:, along with
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
831:(epistaxis),
830:
825:
823:
819:
815:
811:
806:
804:
801:
796:
792:
788:
779:
774:
770:
768:
764:
760:
756:
752:
748:
738:
736:
732:
728:
724:
718:
714:
705:
702:
700:
680:
679:
678:
676:
672:
668:
663:
661:
657:
633:
632:
631:
629:
625:
615:
613:
608:
606:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
581:
577:
565:
558:
553:
536:
530:
523:
516:
509:
485:
482:
481:
477:
476:
472:
467:
466:
462:
461:
456:
451:
439:
437:
434:
433:
429:
427:
424:
423:
419:
416:
412:
411:
407:
405:
404:Boiling point
402:
401:
397:
395:
394:Melting point
392:
391:
383:
381:
378:
377:
369:
367:
364:
363:
347:
344:
340:
339:
334:
327:Cl(Cl)\C=C\Cl
325:
324:
321:
314:
300:
290:
289:
286:
279:
271:
267:
263:
262:
260:
250:
246:
245:
241:
239:
236:
235:
228:
224:
223:
221:
219:
216:
215:
208:
204:
203:
201:
195:
191:
190:
186:
182:
180:
177:
176:
169:
165:
164:
162:
160:
157:
156:
149:
145:
144:
142:
138:
133:
132:
125:
121:
120:
118:
115:
111:
110:
105:
100:
94:
88:
77:
69:
65:
60:
50:
46:
41:
37:
36:
32:
28:
23:
3981:Tetrodotoxin
3931:Grayanotoxin
3819:
3715:Bromoacetone
3705:Thiophosgene
3660:Mace (spray)
3654:Pepper spray
3639:Lachrymatory
3624:Fluphenazine
3619:Procarbazine
3529:Sleeping gas
3377:Chloropicrin
3288:Nitric oxide
3190:Chloropicrin
3134:Cloflubicyne
3097:Oxotremorine
3046:Antillatoxin
3025:Tetrodotoxin
2974:Bungarotoxin
2870:Nitromethane
2832:Formaldoxime
2771:Cyclohexanol
2736:Acetonitrile
2483:GV (EA-5365)
2305:Nerve agents
2166:
2108:Lactonitrile
2018:Blood agents
2007:riot control
1950:the original
1937:
1926:. Retrieved
1922:kyivpost.com
1920:
1910:
1896:(5): 51–56.
1893:
1889:
1876:
1864:. Retrieved
1853:
1841:. Retrieved
1837:
1827:
1816:
1807:
1797:
1778:
1772:
1764:
1759:
1751:the original
1741:
1722:
1701:. Retrieved
1675:
1650:
1646:
1640:
1621:
1602:
1597:
1578:
1574:
1552:
1546:
1536:
1527:
1509:Biochemistry
1508:
1502:
1484:
1472:
1444:
1407:
1403:
1393:
1382:. Retrieved
1378:
1322:
1298:
1289:
1274:
1258:
1220:
1203:
1200:
1194:of the 1993
1189:
1166:
1154:World War II
1151:
1132:
1120:Maloney Hall
1113:
1105:
1100:World War II
1080:conformation
1075:
1073:
1064:
1059:
1050:
1042:
1040:
1009:, vomiting,
985:), tearing (
964:
957:
925:
911:
903:
900:
892:carcinogenic
889:
826:
807:
783:
744:
720:
716:
711:
708:Applications
703:
696:
664:
653:
646:→ ClCHCHAsCl
621:
609:
583:
579:
575:
574:
479:
469:Main hazards
458:
107:Identifiers
98:
92:
86:
79:Other names
3991:Veratridine
3966:Shiga toxin
3921:Domoic acid
3784:Thioacetone
3750:Iodoacetone
3614:Pentazocine
3609:Sevoflurane
3574:CAR-302,668
3569:CAR-302,282
3564:CAR-302,196
3559:CAR-301,060
3554:CAR-226,086
3534:Carfentanil
3432:Apomorphine
3353:Green Cross
3144:Domoic acid
2955:Neurotoxins
2875:OPA mixture
2766:Chlorosoman
2761:Chlorosarin
2695:Phospholine
2394:Crotylsarin
2379:Fluorotabun
2351:Chlorosoman
2333:Chlorosarin
1379:www.cdc.gov
1299:www.nti.org
1147:World War I
1023:skin ulcers
987:lacrimation
979:photophobia
873:lacrimation
857:pneumonitis
818:hypovolemia
814:capillaries
810:hypotension
791:mustard gas
729:for use in
463:(OHS/OSH):
336:Properties
4083:Categories
3941:Maitotoxin
3936:Guanitoxin
3916:Ciguatoxin
3911:Brevetoxin
3896:Anatoxin-a
3891:Aflatoxins
3804:Putrescine
3799:Cadaverine
3775:Malodorant
3599:Isoflurane
3584:Desflurane
3579:Benperidol
3524:Psilocybin
3519:PAVA spray
3201:Diphosgene
3154:Pulmonary/
3082:Picrotoxin
3041:Strychnine
3035:Brevetoxin
3019:Maitotoxin
3002:Guanitoxin
2996:Ciguatoxin
2963:Anatoxin-a
2896:Pinacolone
2729:Precursors
2690:Selenophos
2546:Carbamates
2462:Chinese VX
2368:Cyclosarin
2357:Ethylsarin
2328:Sarin (GB)
2179:Lewisite 3
2173:Lewisite 2
2142:Arsenicals
1928:2023-07-05
1843:25 January
1788:0253346126
1732:0253346126
1631:0253346126
1384:2016-01-14
1251:References
1192:Schedule 1
1162:antifreeze
1055:lewisite 3
1047:lewisite 2
1019:dermatitis
1015:bronchitis
932:irrigation
833:laryngitis
755:acetyl-CoA
681:ClCHCHAsCl
667:hydrolyses
660:lewisite 3
656:lewisite 2
650:(Lewisite)
426:Solubility
366:Molar mass
227:82TOY8U2KD
159:ChemSpider
135:3D model (
114:CAS Number
97:Dichloro((
4036:Plutonium
3986:Volkensin
3961:Saxitoxin
3951:Palytoxin
3876:Aconitine
3604:Halothane
3594:Bufotenin
3589:Enflurane
3509:Kolokol-1
3489:Pethidine
3463:Etoxadrol
3448:Etorphine
3444:(CS-4640)
3428:(CS-4030)
3386:glycerine
3333:Salcomine
3092:Tremorine
3030:Aconitine
3013:Palytoxin
2991:Ryanodine
2968:Saxitoxin
2705:Ro 3-0422
2476:GV agents
2339:Thiosarin
2068:Phosphine
1860:"Annex 3"
1169:O-Mustard
1135:Cleveland
1084:lone pair
908:Treatment
885:blindness
829:nosebleed
759:TCA cycle
628:acetylene
605:geraniums
238:UN number
20:Lewisite
4045:Polonium
3946:Modeccin
3855:Acrolein
3820:Lewisite
3725:Acrolein
3549:CS-27349
3499:Ibogaine
3382:Litharge
3371:Adamsite
3348:Diborane
3338:Fluomine
3318:Ethenone
3213:Acrolein
3180:Fluorine
3174:Phosgene
3164:Chlorine
2564:EA-3887A
2536:C01-A042
2531:C01-A039
2526:C01-A035
2404:V-agents
2314:G-agents
2199:(EA-229)
2167:Lewisite
2026:Cyanogen
1703:July 30,
1667:12605205
1541:659–666.
1320:(1999).
1234:See also
1013:(COPD),
1003:seizures
983:diplopia
845:vomiting
841:coughing
837:sneezing
803:necrosis
787:blisters
596:vesicant
586:) is an
576:Lewisite
480:NFPA 704
453:Hazards
444:mmHg (25
185:lewisite
124:541-25-3
3794:Skatole
3789:Allicin
3504:EA-3834
3494:EA-3580
3484:EA-3443
3479:EA-3167
3474:EA-2148
3458:CS-4297
3453:EA-2092
3442:EA-4941
3169:Bromine
2807:EA-1224
2787:EA-1250
2700:R-16661
2675:EA-2613
2670:EA-2098
2665:EA-2054
2660:EA-2012
2629:3152 CT
2619:TL-1317
2614:TL-1299
2609:TL-1238
2579:EA-4056
2574:EA-3990
2569:EA-3966
2559:EA-3887
2457:EA-1763
2417:EA-3148
2412:EA-2192
2389:EA-4352
2384:EA-1356
2118:Stibine
1866:8 March
1424:2692088
1267:PubChem
1090:History
971:allergy
849:dyspnea
822:damaged
767:glucose
727:arsenic
693:+ 2 HCl
557:what is
555: (
380:Density
360:
207:5372798
194:PubChem
168:4522971
4012:Napalm
3777:agents
3641:agents
3544:JB-336
3539:JB-318
3514:LSD-25
3470:(DMHP)
3418:agents
3077:A-8564
3037:(PbTX)
2987:(TeNT)
2604:TL-599
2594:T-1194
2589:T-1152
2584:T-1123
2353:(ClGD)
2335:(ClGB)
2246:TL-301
2048:Arsine
1785:
1729:
1665:
1628:
1515:
1460:
1422:
1330:
1173:bleach
1049:) and
1029:, and
1007:nausea
942:, and
875:, and
552:verify
549:
446:
442:
386:
372:
370:207.32
320:SMILES
62:Names
4000:Other
3956:Ricin
3871:Abrin
3830:KB-16
3117:IPTBO
3048:(ATX)
3021:(MTX)
3015:(PTX)
3004:(GTX)
2998:(CTX)
2981:(BTX)
2837:Nital
2643:Other
2521:A-262
2516:A-242
2511:A-234
2506:A-232
2501:A-208
2345:Soman
2341:(SGB)
2322:Tabun
2281:KB-16
2274:Other
1953:(PDF)
1946:(PDF)
1886:(PDF)
1494:(PDF)
1227:Japan
1223:China
1076:trans
1060:trans
859:, or
800:liver
685:+ 2 H
584:A-243
388:g/cm
285:InChI
242:2810
137:JSmol
4038:and
3656:(OC)
3373:(DM)
3203:(DP)
3192:(PS)
3176:(CG)
3127:TBPS
3122:TBPO
2970:(TZ)
2892:(TH)
2861:(DF)
2855:(SW)
2849:(TB)
2822:DMHP
2802:DEHP
2792:DIHP
2783:(KB)
2720:MSPI
2370:(GF)
2359:(GE)
2347:(GD)
2324:(GA)
2266:(CX)
2213:CEES
2181:(L3)
2175:(L2)
2163:(PD)
2157:(MD)
2151:(ED)
2044:(AC)
2038:(CK)
1868:2017
1845:2024
1783:ISBN
1727:ISBN
1705:2020
1663:PMID
1626:ISBN
1513:ISBN
1458:ISBN
1420:PMID
1328:ISBN
1225:and
1139:Ohio
1051:tris
930:and
883:and
733:(as
673:and
658:and
634:AsCl
600:lung
448:°C)
440:0.58
384:1.89
356:AsCl
218:UNII
179:MeSH
3680:CNS
3209:(Z)
2751:AlP
2746:ATO
2241:HN3
2236:HN2
2231:HN1
2169:(L)
1898:doi
1655:doi
1583:doi
1450:doi
1412:doi
1408:110
1065:cis
1043:bis
638:+ C
626:to
582:) (
254:EPA
197:CID
4085::
3825:CX
3675:CR
3670:CS
3665:CN
3426:BZ
2941:TG
2936:TC
2911:QL
2797:ZS
2741:AT
2452:VX
2447:VS
2442:VR
2437:VP
2432:VM
2427:VG
2422:VE
2374:GP
2363:GH
1919:.
1894:57
1892:.
1888:.
1836:.
1806:.
1713:^
1688:^
1683:".
1661:.
1651:41
1649:.
1612:^
1579:12
1577:.
1573:.
1561:^
1456:.
1432:^
1418:.
1406:.
1402:.
1377:.
1342:^
1307:^
1297:.
1265:,
1137:,
1126:,
1033:.
1025:,
1021:,
1017:,
1005:,
1001:,
997:,
938:,
923:.
871:,
855:,
843:,
839:,
835:,
824:.
805:.
761:.
701:.
607:.
3384:-
2208:Q
2203:T
1985:e
1978:t
1971:v
1931:.
1904:.
1900::
1870:.
1847:.
1791:.
1735:.
1707:.
1681:'
1669:.
1657::
1634:.
1591:.
1585::
1521:.
1466:.
1452::
1414::
1387:.
1336:.
1301:.
1269:.
1102:.
691:2
687:2
683:2
648:2
644:2
642:H
640:2
636:3
580:L
578:(
547:Y
521:1
514:1
507:4
358:3
354:2
352:H
350:2
348:C
256:)
252:(
139:)
99:E
93:E
91:(
87:E
85:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
