128:
Since systematic names often are not human-readable a PIN may be a retained name. Both "PINs" and "retained names" have to be chosen (and established by IUPAC) explicitly, unlike other IUPAC names, which automatically arise from IUPAC nomenclatural rules. Thus, the PIN is sometimes the retained name
144:
that do not contain carbon (inorganic parents). "Preselected names" are used in the nomenclature of organic compounds as the basis for PINs for organic derivatives. They are needed for derivatives of organic compounds that do not contain carbon themselves. A preselected name is not necessarily a PIN
258:
Multiplicative nomenclature is to be preferred over simple substitutive if it can be used. This is the nomenclature with an apostrophe after numbers such as 4'; it allows multiple occurrences of the principal characteristic group or compound class to be treated together. Example:
214:('a', named for the suffix), if it both applies and a heteroatom is found in a chain, is preferred over substitution. If it applies but no heteroatom is found in a chain, it is preferred over multiplicative nomenclature. Example: 3-phospha-2,5,7-trisilaoctane refers to CH
283:
Additive and subtractive operations remain available as with the general case. For example, one keeps changing "ane" into "ene" for double bonds. Additive operations generally have better names derived from the above rules, such as phenyloxirane for
35:
nomenclature. The "preferred IUPAC nomenclature" provides a set of rules for choosing between multiple possibilities in situations where it is important to decide on a unique name. It is intended for use in legal and regulatory situations.
157:(IUPAC) have traditionally concentrated on ensuring that chemical names are unambiguous, that is that a name can only refer to one substance. However, a single substance can have more than one acceptable name, like
279:
Conjunctive nomenclature is available, but substitutive, multiplicative, or skeletal should be preferred. Example: benzene-1,3,5-triacetic acid should instead be named 2,2′,2′′-(benzene-1,3,5-triyl)triacetic
129:(e.g., phenol and acetic acid, instead of benzenol and ethanoic acid), while in other cases, the systematic name was chosen over a very common retained name (e.g., propan-2-one, instead of acetone).
250:
327:
In IUPAC nomenclature, all compounds containing carbon atoms are considered organic compounds. Organic nomenclature only applies to organic compounds containing elements from the Groups
315:, α-amino acids and many natural products have been retained as preferred IUPAC names; in these cases the systematic names may be very complicated and virtually never used. The name for
161:, which may also be correctly named as "methylbenzene" or "phenylmethane". Some alternative names remain available as "retained names" for more general contexts. For example,
311:) has been reduced considerably for preferred IUPAC names, although a larger set of retained names is available for general nomenclature. The traditional names of simple
59:). Rules for the remaining organic and inorganic compounds are still under development. The concept of PINs is defined in the introductory chapter and chapter 5 of the
43:, to which the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) has the definition as compounds which contain at least a single carbon atom but no
154:
92:
608:
Wisniewski, Janusz Leon (5 May 2008). "Chemical
Nomenclature and Structure Representation: Algorithmic Generation and Conversion".
88:
500:
406:
165:
remains an unambiguous and acceptable name for the common organic solvent, even if the preferred IUPAC name is "oxolane".
178:(replacement of hydrogen atoms in the parent structure) is used most extensively, for example "ethoxyethane" instead of
593:
528:
423:
557:
545:
643:
31:) is a unique name, assigned to a chemical substance and preferred among all possible names generated by
516:
363:
623:
390:
387:
Nomenclature of
Organic Chemistry : IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013 (Blue Book)
336:
622:– background on why a preferred name is needed (multiple dialects of "systematic" such as
303:
The number of retained non-systematic, trivial names of simple organic compounds (for example
110:
175:
20:
211:
183:
48:
8:
627:
456:
246:
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naming (also known as radicofunctional nomenclature) is preferred next. In the case of
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460:
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52:
40:
613:
581:
569:
488:
446:
438:
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344:
249:, whole "superatom" rings. It also includes more complex replacements, such as the
205:
189:
141:
61:"Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013"
484:
Nomenclature of
Organic Chemistry: IUPAC Recommendations and Preferred Names 2013
312:
162:
422:
Hartshorn, R. M.; Hellwich, K.-H.; Yerin, A.; Damhus, T.; Hutton, A. T. (2015).
398:
245:
Skeletal replacement mainly replaces carbon with other atoms, or in the case of
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137:
617:
113:
that meets the recommended IUPAC rules. IUPAC names include retained names. A
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298:
285:
179:
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122:
44:
492:
442:
73:"A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds, Recommendations 1993"
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308:
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451:
482:
56:
322:
332:
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63:(freely accessible), which replace two former publications: the
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The following are available, but not given special preference:
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and can be named by the nomenclature of organic compounds (see
105:
is a name that is preferred among two or more IUPAC names. An
316:
197:
32:
421:
117:
is any IUPAC name that is not a "preferred IUPAC name". A
77:"Preferred names in the nomenclature of organic compounds"
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is a traditional or otherwise often used name, usually a
424:"Brief Guide to the Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry"
365:
Preferred names in the nomenclature of organic compounds
556:
136:
is a preferred name chosen among two or more names for
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The systems of chemical nomenclature developed by the
75:. The full draft version of the PIN recommendations (
544:
368:, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
208:, this method takes precedence over substitution.
155:International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
635:
259:4,4′-sulfanediyldibenzoic acid refers to (COOH-C
592:IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004, P-69.0
323:Scope of the nomenclature for organic compounds
580:IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004, P-51,
568:IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004, P-51,
79:, Draft of 7 October 2004) is also available.
39:Preferred IUPAC names are applicable only for
125:, that may be used in IUPAC nomenclature.
481:Favre, Henri A.; Powell, Warren H. (2014).
480:
607:
540:
538:
536:
450:
347:are not covered by organic nomenclature.
93:IUPAC nomenclature of inorganic chemistry
379:
533:
527:IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004
515:IUPAC Provisional Recommendations 2004
350:
89:IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry
636:
182:and "tetrachloromethane" instead of
145:in inorganic chemical nomenclature.
148:
65:"Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry"
13:
601:
487:. The Royal Society of Chemistry.
14:
655:
319:itself is a retained IUPAC name.
292:
172:Preselected names are to be used.
586:
574:
562:
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521:
509:
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391:The Royal Society of Chemistry
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82:
1:
610:Handbook of Chemoinformatics
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399:10.1039/9781849733069-FP001
10:
660:
431:Pure and Applied Chemistry
296:
86:
16:Chemical naming convention
618:10.1002/9783527618279.ch4
176:Substitutive nomenclature
594:Organometallic compounds
337:Organometallic compounds
168:The nomenclature goes:
529:Complete draft version
204:and pseudohalides and
644:Chemical nomenclature
493:10.1039/9781849733069
443:10.1515/pac-2014-0718
87:Further information:
21:chemical nomenclature
351:Notes and references
212:Skeletal replacement
184:carbon tetrachloride
99:preferred IUPAC name
25:preferred IUPAC name
437:(9–10): 1039–1049.
612:. pp. 51–79.
247:phane nomenclature
115:general IUPAC name
502:978-1-84973-306-9
408:978-0-85404-182-4
251:lambda convention
142:parent structures
53:transition metals
41:organic compounds
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190:Functional class
149:Basic principles
134:preselected name
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602:Further reading
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313:monosaccharides
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194:acid anhydrides
163:tetrahydrofuran
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138:parent hydrides
111:systematic name
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85:
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12:
11:
5:
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339:of the Groups
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297:Main article:
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293:Retained names
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49:alkaline earth
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389:. Cambridge:
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299:Retained name
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286:styrene oxide
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180:diethyl ether
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464:. Retrieved
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386:
381:
370:, retrieved
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358:
326:
302:
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202:acyl halides
167:
152:
133:
131:
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123:trivial name
118:
114:
106:
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98:
96:
76:
72:
68:
67:, 1979 (the
64:
60:
38:
28:
24:
18:
466:20 February
452:10092/12053
309:acetic acid
305:formic acid
83:Definitions
372:2017-08-12
107:IUPAC name
628:Beilstein
546:Chapter 1
461:100897636
140:or other
69:Blue Book
638:Category
582:Chap P-5
570:Chap P-5
558:Chapter5
517:CONTENTS
393:. 2014.
343:through
331:through
159:toluene
499:
459:
405:
222:-PH-CH
198:esters
71:) and
45:alkali
457:S2CID
427:(PDF)
317:water
280:acid.
206:salts
109:is a
57:below
33:IUPAC
626:and
497:ISBN
468:2019
403:ISBN
307:and
234:-SiH
226:-SiH
218:-SiH
91:and
23:, a
624:CAS
614:doi
489:doi
447:hdl
439:doi
395:doi
238:-CH
230:-CH
103:PIN
101:or
51:or
29:PIN
19:In
640::
535:^
495:.
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435:87
433:.
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345:12
335:.
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329:13
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132:A
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620:.
616::
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470:.
449::
441::
411:.
397::
376:.
341:1
288:.
269:2
267:)
265:4
263:H
261:6
253:.
240:3
236:2
232:2
228:2
224:2
220:2
216:3
186:.
27:(
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