Law enforcement in Germany

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Therefore, the conference of interior ministers decided on standardising police car liveries so that the cars appeared non-threatening and could be easily visible at night. Bright green and white became the colours associated with police vehicles in Germany beginning in the 1970s. More recently, police forces changed to silver cars and vans instead of white ones as they were easier to sell than the white ones when their police service was over. In an effort to harmonize the coloring of police in Europe, Germany has adopted a blue-silver livery with the addition of neon reflective surfaces to increase visibility.

1560: 1571: 944: 597:) in every single state, is the domestic intelligence service, concerned with espionage, treason, and sedition. Due to the negative experiences of abusing power in Nazi-Germany, the domestic intelligence duties are not centralized and therefore maintained by the states. As the BfV, the LfV have no powers of arrest and cannot use force, but it carries out surveillance and supplies police agencies with information on extremist parties, international crime, drug trafficking, terrorism, and other illegal activities. 335: 1989: 399:) was based in Munich. Since February 2019, the Service is based in Berlin. The BND is restricted to the investigation of threats originating outside of Germany. It depends heavily on wiretapping and other surveillance techniques applied to international communications. Such activities are authorized only to counter the danger of an armed threat to the country, but intelligence authorities have pressed for the added power to monitor suspected international traffickers of weapons and drugs. 1981: 623: 122: 415:) is primarily the domestic intelligence service of Germany, concerned with espionage, treason, and sedition. It has no powers of arrest and cannot use force, but it carries out surveillance and supplies the BKA and other police agencies with information e.g. on terrorist groups. Its main office is in Wiesbaden. Similar and independent offices exist in each state. Although they cooperate closely with the federal office, they operate under the control of state authorities. 2022:. The standard uniform consisted of a tunic, parka, pullover without shroud, coat, visor cap and necktie in moss-green, trouser, pullover and cardigan in brown-beige, shirt (long and short sleeve) in bamboo-yellow. Shoes, boots, holsters, leather jackets and other leather gear were black. Leather gloves were olive-drab. There were some exceptions. Visor caps with a white top were worn by the traffic police and by the Schutzpolizei during traffic regulation duties. 1997: 363:. It was founded in 1949 in West Germany. The purpose of the Customs Service is to administer federal taxes, execute demands for payment on behalf of the federal government and federal statutory corporations, monitor the cross border movements of goods with regard to compliance with bans and restrictions, and prevent illicit work. Uniformed federal agents are used for the execution of the financial legislation. Subordinated to the federal customs service, the 419: 859:

conduct of shop owners, sanitation inspections, veterinary inspections and minor infractions and misdemeanors such as illegal parking, littering, state and local dog regulations etc. They usually only hand out warnings and fines and can only perform a citizen's arrest as any other citizen can. If they see any major crimes they are required to call the state police for a criminal investigation, while they can intervene in ongoing crimes themselves.

549: 524: 992: 25: 1546: 2598: 294: 685:), who carry out criminal investigations. The separate Administrative Police formerly had duties that included the registration of residents and the issuance of passports, identity cards, and various permits. These functions have been transferred to civil state government departments (Einwohnermeldeamt—Resident registration office) in all states. 375:) coordinates customs investigations nationwide in particular monitoring foreign trade, uncovering violations of EU market regulations, illegal technology exports, subsidy fraud in the agricultural sector, drug trafficking and money laundering. In response to the increasing violence against law enforcement officers, the customs SWAT team, the 1602:). States used to prefer vehicles built in or close to the respective state. However, with most states now leasing instead of buying their vehicles and in light of European Union rules on contract bidding, states have less latitude in choosing which manufacturer will provide their patrol cars than they did. 1097:

Depending on the certain state police regulation, German police officers may be authorized to carry their department-issued firearms while off duty. Some states allow their officers to apply for the approval to purchase a private firearm, that can be carried off-duty. Further restrictions that forbid

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Police training is primarily the responsibility of the individual states, although the federal government provides assistance and coordination. The high level of police professionalism is attributed in large degree to the length and thoroughness of training. The situation is different in the five new

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These forces are organized by cities, towns, or rural communities, but all are integral components of the police forces of the state in which they are located. The respective state minister of interior supervises police operations in his or her jurisdiction. Although the internal organizations differ

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as well, to assist the state police forces if necessary. While the states are free to choose the equipment and to organize their police forces autonomously, the state and federal alert police units receive standardized weapons, vehicles, anti-riot gears and communications equipment from the federal

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or a labeled jacket, they could be armed or unarmed. The order enforcement officers are the municipal administration's "eyes and ears on the street". Mostly they are charged with monitoring municipal by-laws and laws that fall under the responsibility of municipalities, which include monitoring the

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Although the state police forces are regulated by sixteen different legislatures and are, in fact, different police forces, there has been an increasing tendency toward standardization of police activities nationwide. Concerns about terrorism and the growth of organized crime have strengthened the

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Today, German police forces generally lease patrol cars from a manufacturer, usually for a period of three years. The leasing company marks the patrol cars using plastic foils with reflecting strips as borders instead of painting them. The foils are removed when the cars are sold to the public as

2698:[Weapons Act §55 Exceptions for higher federal and state authorities, military, police and customs, extensive dangered public authorities as well as servants other countries] (in German). Bundestag (Federal parliament) with approval by Bundesrat (State representatives). October 11, 2002. 923:

In Baden-Württemberg municipal police officers do have the same rights, powers and obligations like the counterparts of the state police. The tasks of a municipal police force depend on the size of the municipality's territory and the number of inhabitants in which it is operating. The "police

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supervises police operations aimed at preventing and investigating criminal offences and coordinates investigations of serious crime, involving more than one regional headquarter. They can take over investigative responsibility in cases of serious crime, e.g. drug trafficking, organized crime,

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In addition to controlling Germany's border, the BPOL serves as a federal reserve force to deal with major disturbances and other emergencies beyond the scope of Land police. The BPOL guards airports , and several highly trained detachments are available for special crisis situations requiring

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Before the police reform in the mid-1970s, Germany had many city police forces and each had its own police car livery. Dark blue, dark green and white were popular colours. However, the dark colours were perceived as a disadvantage as many accidents occurred at night during high-speed chases.

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has been realized in all German state police forces and the federal police. All vehicle liveries and uniforms changed from white/green to silver/blue until 2018. The basic silver colour for vehicles in the most states, is actually increasing the resale value and thus lowers leasing costs. The

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The state police forces have had female members since the implementation of the several police forces after World War II. Initially, female officers were assigned to cases involving juveniles and women, working in plainclothes without weapons. Since the mid-1970s, female police officers have

1684:, police cars in Germany rarely come with any special equipment (apart from the obvious, like flashing lights or sirens) not available to other users of the same model, as the cars on sale in European markets are generally considered to be fit for police duty without any further alteration. 584:

is also a modern central office for information, analyzing police intelligence from home and abroad and transmitting it to police stations. It collates data on criminal offences and offenders in crime statistics that are used as a basis for new strategies, policy decisions and legislative

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All personnel on duty carry sidearms. Some units have light aircraft and helicopters to facilitate rapid access to remote border areas and for patrol and rescue missions. A coast guard force forms a part of the BPOL. It is equipped with 14 large patrol craft and several helicopters.

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Citizens in Baden-Württemberg can participate in the volunteer police programme, where roughly 1,200 citizens voluntarily assist their local police in 20 towns. These volunteers are specially trained, wear regular uniforms and are sworn and armed with normal police gear.

2017:

a reorganisation of the state police forces took place. This opportunity was taken to implement a standard police uniform for all West German states and West Berlin. All state police forces implemented the same green and beige uniform, most parts designed by

331:). The BKA conducts its own criminal investigations or enters existing cases only when requested by state authorities, or in cases involving two or more states. The BKA has been involved in investigations against various terrorist groups since the 1960s. 3033: 1166:

patrol the subway system, assist in police raids in the red-light district, and are present at large demonstrations and soccer matches. Their units are equipped with their own transport, tents, and rations, enabling them to be shifted quickly to other

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As a reaction to several terrorist attacks in Europe since 2015, an additional unit, the BFE+, was implemented in summer 2015. The BFE+ should provide specialized operators for long lasting (search) operations for example after a terrorist attack.

1493:(literally Civil Law Book) respectively. The German penal system is aimed towards rehabilitation of the criminal and the protection of the general public. Except for petty crimes, which are tried before a single professional judge, and serious 2073:) have shifted to blue uniforms to conform with the common blue image of most police forces in Europe. In line with the uniforms, police vehicles and various items of equipment also changed the color to blue. Although there are 16 789:

Citizens in Hesse and Saxony can also participate in a Volunteer Police program, where some citizens voluntarily assist their local police. The volunteers are trained for 50 hours in Hesse and 60 hours in Saxony, receive uniforms,

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The uniforms and vehicle colour schemes of the state police forces are different, but somewhat similar all over Germany, the state police forces are structured differently in each state as well. For example, in some states the

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states of eastern Germany. Long accustomed to a society made compliant by eliminating opposing opinions, police forces of the eastern states have to adapt to the growing numbers of opposing right-wing groups and factions.

1257:" requires successful completion of 10 years of schooling, or a successful training in any other job and some years of working in this job. Period of training is 2 years at the police academy starting with the rank of 2041:) wore uniforms of a completely different design. The basic uniform was navy-blue, the shirt was white and the visor cap had a white top. The BGS wore an all forest green uniform with a bamboo-yellow shirt. After 957:

In the state of Hesse, city police forces provide the local order enforcement. The officers wear police uniforms and are armed. Similar to the municipal order enforcement units, there are different denominations:

242:), initially an independent force, later integrated into the army and then reorganized as an independent military organization. Because Germany's borders became largely open in 2005, due to the development of the 797:

In Brandenburg there were established about 200 security partners along the Polish border as well as around Greater Berlin. The legal basis is a decree of the State Minister of the Interior of 11 October 1995.

1307: 1188:, lit. "Units for arrests and securing evidence", abbreviated BFE). The BFE units were established in 1987 after two police officers were killed during demonstrations against the expansion of 1127:), literally "Readiness or Standby Police" is available in each state for riot control, although their primary function is training police recruits. In this tasks it is comparable with Anti- 1077:

After about six years of duty as a patrol officer, an individual with an outstanding record who does well on a highly competitive examination and started off in the regular police academy (

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was broken up into Landespolizei and switched to the standard uniform. During the period of transition, they still wore their old uniforms but with Western-style sleeve and cap ensigns.

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Waffengesetz (WaffG) § 55 Ausnahmen für oberste Bundes- und Landesbehörden, Bundeswehr, Polizei und Zollverwaltung, erheblich gefährdete Hoheitsträger sowie Bedienstete anderer Staaten

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performed general police patrol duties and their proportion of total police officers is steadily rising. However, their representation in leadership positions is still relatively low.

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off-duty carry exist (i.e. when drinking alcohol, at public events). In their private properties, the officers are required to have a safe to store their gun while not carrying it.

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initiatives. It also analyzes certain offense areas, evaluates the police measures executed in each case, forecasts expected tendencies and describes events in annual reports.

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without having to rely on outside support. The Readiness Police have water cannons and armoured vehicles but are armed with lighter weapons than those of the federal police.

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is assigned to barracks where they are organized along military lines into squads, platoons, and 120- to 150-member training or standby companies. In most states, the

1304:" requires a high-school diploma and period of training is 3 years at a college of administration and justice. The highest possible rank in this career is that of 1321:". A direct entry into this career bracket is possible and requires a law degree of a university, but the majority of these officers had started their career in " 2580: 3116: 1290: 778:) in which unarmed teams of two volunteers patrol assigned areas to improve subjective security. These teams carry a radio to call for help if necessary and a 3086: 2996: 1234:" ("simple service"). To understand this structure it may be helpful to compare it with military rank structures because decades ago it was really similar. 2939: 1089:). The very few candidates who qualify for the highest ranks of the police study for one year at the Federal Police Leadership Academy in Münster-Hiltrup. 327:) in forensic matters, research, and criminal investigations. It is also the national point of contact for the International Criminal Police Organization ( 2897: 1393:(Federal Constitutional Court, being located in the city of Karlsruhe) is the German supreme court responsible for constitutional matters, with power of 1062:). The auxiliary police forces, with fewer powers and often not equipped with a duty-weapon, are trained in just 12 weeks. In case of higher education ( 3126: 571:), is an independent law enforcement agency in most German states, that is directly subordinated to the respective state ministry of the interior. The 1222:" ("higher service"). Only the Federal Customs Administration (Bundeszollverwaltung) and the Departments of Justice and Corrections of the states ( 854:

in general are city employees. Contingent on the respective unit, the officers wear - usually police like - uniforms or wear plain clothes with an

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uniforms already have been changed by all state police forces and the federal police from the green/beige version introduced in 1979 to blue ones.

2077:, currently only six types of state police uniforms are in use, because many states co-operate in the design and sourcing of the police uniforms. 3575: 3418: 932:) of a town or city can transfer more tasks and responsibilities to its police force, only if approved by the regional government of the state ( 850:

and municipal regulations. Currently, many cities in Germany maintain local order enforcement agencies, with limited police-type duties. Those

485:) was formed to deal with terrorist incidents, especially hostage situations. The GSG-9 won world attention when it rescued 86 passengers on a 3780: 1893: 805:, which has less authority (and less pay) than regular police officers to perform basic police tasks, like the guarding of premisses like an 194: 1341:

or German Police University. That is the only official centralised educational institution of the German police. Starting at the rank of "

2539: 1013: 283: 89: 42: 465:(BGS) ("Federal Border Guard") and had a more restricted role until July 1, 2005 when the law renaming the BGS as the BPOL was enacted. 4455: 448: 221: 61: 1083:) can go on to two or three years at a higher police school or a college of public administration to qualify for a bachelor's degree ( 4385: 1204:

In general, the German law enforcement authorities of today have personnel of three available career brackets, the lowest being the "

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West German border personnel, civilians and an East German border guard on opposite sides of the border line at Herrnburg near Lübeck

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was the first state to make the transition, Bavaria the last state, finishing the replacement of the green/beige uniforms in 2018.

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forces under different denominations, depending on the state's legislation. In most auxiliary forces, the officers are armed with

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was replaced in the mid-1970s by civil service-type personnel grades. The service uniform was green but has been changed to blue.

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demolition equipment, helicopters, or combat vehicles. After shortcomings in police procedures and training were revealed by the

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movement to centralize police procedures and operations. The idea of creating one single police code for the whole of Germany (

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contingents consists of one 600- to 800-member battalion, but in six of the larger states they are organized into regiments.

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are responsible for carrying out military law in Germany. It was formed in October 1955. They have no power over civilians.

376: 75: 4658: 4430: 3847: 4720: 3694: 3677: 3510: 2925: 1407: 840: 1403:("Supreme Federal Courts of Justice"), is specialised: for civil and criminal cases, the highest court of appeal is the 147:

did provide for the possibility of creating a national police force, should the necessity arise, but it was only in the

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Even the denominations are manifold, depending on local regulations as well, most of the time the denominations are:

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is constitutionally vested solely with the states, which is one of the main features of the German political system.

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All state alert police forces and the federal alert police force maintain specialized units as well, the so-called

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are responsible for managing the bulk of Germany's police forces. Each state has its own police force known as the

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government by law. An office in the Federal Ministry of Interior monitors and coordinates the deployment of the

4577: 3883: 3699: 3383: 3253: 1359:" ("police president"), which is (in most German states) equivalent to the rank of Chief of Police in the USA. 1268: 1017: 46: 4547: 4507: 4487: 4467: 4370: 4177: 3953: 3815: 3719: 3618: 3234: 3096: 2544: 2301: 2009:

From 1945 onwards, due to the multilayer organisation in municipal and rural state law enforcement agencies,

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units, which can be called upon to assist the police of other states in case of riots or other civil unrest.

616: 4663: 4482: 4197: 3925: 3795: 3299: 3248: 4683: 4668: 4615: 4562: 4557: 4532: 4390: 3992: 3905: 3357: 3101: 2607: 2322: 1955: 1950: 271: 4653: 3051: 2108: 82: 4587: 4537: 4497: 4450: 4445: 4420: 4415: 4410: 4395: 4380: 4375: 4365: 4360: 4355: 4350: 4320: 3915: 3805: 3724: 3709: 3525: 3505: 3347: 3193: 2962: 1757: 918: 722: 224:. East Germany created a centralized police force under the Ministry of the Interior, the paramilitary 156: 1488: 611: 4678: 4620: 4582: 4572: 4552: 4542: 4527: 4522: 4502: 4472: 4440: 4425: 4400: 4336: 4167: 3352: 3121: 3016: 2613: 2400: 2025: 1527: 851: 721:, in some forces with the regular equipment of professional police officers. Some states maintain a " 1609:

which is historically closely tied to neighboring France, vehicles from French companies as well as

1522: 4567: 4492: 4462: 4144: 4106: 3943: 3714: 3023: 3001: 2898:"NRW-Polizei komplett in blauer Uniform / Minister Jäger: Wechsel schneller als geplant | Land.NRW" 2854: 2722: 2629: 2516: 2511: 2495: 2490: 2141: 2066: 1549: 1374: 1002: 822: 255: 1453: 782:

for protection. A white armband with black letters identifying them as a "Security Watch" patrol.

155:(Secret State Police) were unified under central control and a national police force created (the 4280: 4154: 4134: 4111: 4091: 4051: 4014: 3963: 3837: 3800: 3570: 3292: 1459: 1006: 392: 168: 35: 4081: 4056: 4019: 3878: 3810: 3639: 3530: 3520: 2306: 1840: 1471: 1287:, but in some states of the former GDR, they still exist. Rank designation, in this case, f.e. 179: 140: 1056:

Most police recruits spend about two and a half years in the regular police academy training (

4313: 4242: 4061: 4046: 4009: 3056: 2819: 2129: 1835: 1830: 1825: 1820: 1614: 440: 4024: 3968: 3852: 3790: 3785: 3755: 3687: 3665: 3613: 3515: 3167: 2979: 2585: 2042: 1845: 1793: 1625:). In the eastern states of Germany, mostly Volkswagens are in use (Volkswagen is based in 1431: 1404: 1368: 1116: 847: 645:). Each state promulgates a law which lays down the organisation and duties of its police ( 486: 478: 352: 197:

provided a strict separation of powers, placing law enforcement firmly in the hands of the

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Mercedes Benz police van in Berlin, nicknamed "Wanne" ("Bathtub") in outdated green livery

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forces wore completely different colored uniforms. In the mid-seventies the aftermath of

1940: 1427: 3565: 4273: 4266: 4121: 4086: 3973: 3958: 3888: 3866: 3842: 3770: 3704: 3634: 3545: 3464: 3433: 3342: 3319: 3263: 3081: 3066: 2879: 2871: 2748: 2575: 2563: 2242: 2179: 1850: 1722: 1228:— Justice Enforcement Service) still have personnel of the very lowest career bracket " 577: 490: 247: 2792: 1570: 1242:

Today nine of sixteen State Police Forces recruit only for the career bracket of the "

4227: 4202: 4149: 4096: 3910: 3682: 3474: 3268: 3209: 3152: 2883: 2825: 2549: 2074: 2019: 1960: 1945: 1929: 1924: 1899: 1654: 1559: 1189: 693:

can be part of the ordinary police force, in some states it is organized separately.

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Policing has always been a responsibility of the German states even after 1871 when

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http://polis.osce.org/countries/details.php?item_id=17#Country_Profile_Section_212

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http://polis.osce.org/countries/details.php?item_id=17#Country_Profile_Section_211

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uses mainly BMW and Audi vehicles, as both companies are based in Bavaria (BMW in

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The idea of using the same colour for police uniforms and vehicles throughout the

4192: 4187: 4182: 4129: 3555: 3273: 3243: 3157: 3147: 3106: 2984: 2683: 2664: 2555: 2343: 2014: 1935: 1909: 1494: 1480: 1394: 1282: 1181: 1120: 1074:), which they have to attend police college for and acquire a bachelor's degree. 1068:), recruits can also start off at a higher rank, comparable to Lieutenant (Rank: 933: 925: 674: 474: 364: 267: 187: 144: 2052: 431: 334: 4294: 4172: 4159: 3822: 3580: 3076: 2849: 2845: 2221: 1638: 697: 627: 444: 383:) was implemented in 1997 as the customs tactical unit for dangerous missions. 243: 1650: 4714: 3535: 3172: 3162: 3111: 3071: 3061: 3043: 2917: 2602: 2200: 2158: 2058: 1988: 1919: 1882: 1814: 1798: 1681: 1662: 1579: 770:

maintaining contact with potential victims of crime and juvenile delinquents.

666: 638: 606: 312:), with approximately 7,100 agents, operates nationwide from headquarters in 229: 193:

In light of the gross misuse of power by the centralized Nazi state, the new

4305: 1980: 622: 3920: 3595: 3590: 3560: 3459: 3413: 3214: 2046: 1776: 1148: 791: 779: 718: 557: 238: 234: 225: 202: 183: 176: 172: 148: 121: 3028: 1160:

Duties vary according to local requirements. In Hamburg, for example, the

532: 3930: 3644: 3479: 3428: 3219: 3142: 2367: 2184: 2163: 2010: 1888: 1855: 1771: 1766: 1610: 1177: 1128: 750: 505: 262:). The duties of the Federal Police still are limited to the security of 213: 1996: 402: 4139: 3760: 2483: 2101: 1877: 1871: 1866: 1666: 1646: 1642: 1622: 1583: 1467: 1382: 588: 497: 167:. Following the defeat of 1945, Germany was divided; in 1949 the three 164: 2875: 1504: 673:), a uniformed service carrying out routine law and order duties, and 548: 418: 163:, or RSHA). The police became a tool of the centralized state and the 3750: 3398: 1965: 1626: 1498: 313: 1477:

Criminal and private laws are codified on the national level in the

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Sleeve and cap ensigns of the 16 state police forces and the former

24: 3284: 3006: 2867: 2057:

Like most European countries have blue police uniforms, all German

1606: 1463: 1353:" (literally "police counsellor" or "detective counsellor") up to " 515:

were restructured under the BGS to form the Bundespolizei in 1990.

328: 201:. The only policing agencies allowed at the federal level were the 1545: 4029: 3449: 3393: 3315: 3258: 2972: 2601:

This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the

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The State Office for the Protection of the Constitution (German:

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These vehicles are used by law enforcement agencies in Germany:

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in other countries. Beside this, the Federal Police maintains a

316:. The BKA is a clearinghouse for criminal intelligence records. 1804: 1618: 746: 300:

of the Bundeskriminalamt (BKA; Federal Criminal Police Office)

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Chronology of warfare between the Romans and Germanic peoples

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Transition to blue uniforms of state and federal police units

1787: 1781: 1630: 1458:(International Penal Law Code) regulates the consequences of 833: 734: 482: 297: 2852:(January 1972). "Lay Judges in the German Criminal Courts". 1578:

German police typically use cars from German manufacturers.

1634: 1591: 1587: 1553: 359:) is the executive and fiscal administrative agency of the 293: 2386:

mixed uniform type of Brandenburg and Hesse uniform types

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or assessors) sit side by side with professional judges.

1416:" in Karlsruhe) and for other affairs the courts are the 1497:, all charges are tried before mixed tribunals on which 2581:

List of killings by law enforcement officers in Germany

1265:. The highest possible rank in this bracket is that of 846:

is organized very heterogeneously, depending on state,

817: 543: 509:), formerly an independent force, and the East German 2997:

Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution

409:

Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution

403:

Federal Office for the Protection of the Constitution

228:(literally "People's Police"). It also established a 774:

Bavaria has instituted a system of citizen patrols (

589:

State Offices for the Protection of the Constitution

1677:standard silver used cars when the lease runs out. 794:and a mobile phone in Hesse and a radio in Saxony. 186:. Each country pursued a different path concerning 49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 1210:" ("middle service"), followed by the so-called " 496:A military rank structure similar to that of the 288: 4712: 2771:"Völkerstrafgesetz Teil 1 Allgemeine Regelungen" 2029:The old beige uniform worn in Bavaria until 2018 764:conducting walking patrols to deter street crime 708: 665:somewhat, all state police are divided into the 1086:Aufstieg in den gehobenen Polizeivollzugsdienst 809:, to release regular officers for patrol work. 386: 274:, sea ports, and several other special duties. 2947: 1377:mostly based on a comprehensive compendium of 1279:" was disestablished for the detective branch 801:People can also join on a full-time basis the 481:, a task force known as Border Guard Group 9 ( 4335: 4321: 3300: 2933: 2844: 1502: 1486: 1478: 1451: 1445: 1435: 1421: 1411: 1398: 1386: 1354: 1348: 1342: 1334: 1333:". The period of training is 2 years at the 1328: 1322: 1316: 1305: 1299: 1288: 1280: 1274: 1266: 1258: 1252: 1243: 1229: 1223: 1217: 1211: 1205: 1168: 1161: 1152: 1139: 1132: 1084: 1078: 1069: 1063: 1057: 972: 963: 948: 903: 894: 885: 876: 867: 827: 3419:Roman campaigns in Germania (12 BC – AD 16) 2540:List of law enforcement agencies in Germany 1694: 1315:The third career bracket is the so-called " 1020:. Unsourced material may be challenged and 284:List of law enforcement agencies in Germany 4328: 4314: 3307: 3293: 2940: 2926: 2747:. Bundesverfassungsgericht. Archived from 912: 580:or extremist and terrorist offences. Each 346: 2795:(in German). Bundesministerium der Justiz 2773:(in German). Bundesministerium der Justiz 1397:. Germany's supreme court system, called 1040:Learn how and when to remove this message 767:patrolling near schools and kindergartens 760:Their main duty is crime prevention by: 661:) came up in the 1960s but never passed. 109:Learn how and when to remove this message 2813: 2024: 1995: 1987: 1979: 1569: 1558: 1544: 1533: 1521: 1237: 1186:Beweissicherungs- und Festnahmeeinheiten 942: 821: 621: 610: 547: 522: 430: 417: 381:Zentrale Unterstützungsgruppe Zoll / ZUZ 333: 292: 120: 1896:~'Specialwagon', light armored vehicles 1430:("Bundessozialgericht" in Kassel), the 1308:Erster Polizei-/Kriminal-hauptkommissar 4713: 1101: 600: 16:Overview of law enforcement in Germany 4309: 3288: 2921: 2559:(German Customs Investigation Bureau) 753:offers a "Security Partner" (German: 595:Landesamt für Verfassungsschutz / lfV 413:Bundesamt für Verfassungsschutz / BfV 3314: 2711: 2441:Thüringen State Police (since 2020) 2421:Thuringia State Police (until 2020) 2282:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern State Police 1629:, close to the eastern states). The 1273:. In the mid to late seventies the " 1018:adding citations to reliable sources 985: 866:Municipal Code Enforcement Service ( 818:Municipal order enforcement agencies 475:terrorist attack on Israeli athletes 220:, both under the supervision of the 47:adding citations to reliable sources 18: 2302:North Rhine-Westphalia State Police 1687: 1680:Unlike in other countries like the 1485:(literally Penal Law Book) and the 902:Municipal Guard / Municipal Watch ( 737:, some a "Security Watch" (German: 544:State Criminal Investigation Office 304:Another central police agency, the 277: 250:to all neighbouring countries, the 13: 2816:German Federal Ministry of Justice 1598:are commonly used as patrol cars ( 1530:, bearing neon reflective surfaces 1199: 518: 453:Bundesministerium des Innern (BMI) 14: 4732: 2323:Rhineland-Palatinate State Police 1092: 812: 681:/ almost always abbreviated with 538: 426: 2956:Federal law enforcement agencies 2644:"BKA - Aufgabenbereiche des BKA" 2596: 1538:A Police motorcycle used by the 1216:" ("elevated service") and the " 990: 503:The West German Railway Police ( 449:Federal Ministry of the Interior 222:Federal Ministry of the Interior 23: 3511:German revolutions of 1848–1849 3480:Ostsiedlung (East Colonisation) 2890: 2838: 2807: 2785: 2401:Schleswig-Holstein State Police 1400:Oberste Gerichtshöfe des Bundes 1337:Deutsche Hochschule der Polizei 1110: 1080:mittlerer Polizeivollzugsdienst 1059:Mittlerer Polizeivollzugsdienst 893:Municipal Enforcement Service ( 878:Kommunaler Ordnungsdienst / KOD 875:Community Enforcement Service ( 651:Sicherheits- und Ordnungsgesetz 626:A senior police officer of the 143:. The 1919 constitution of the 34:needs additional citations for 3496:Early modern period, 1500–1800 3384:List of early Germanic peoples 2968:Federal Criminal Police Office 2763: 2745:"Federal Constitutional Court" 2737: 2702: 2688: 2669: 2650: 2636: 2622: 2109:Baden-Württemberg State Police 1474:under specific circumstances. 1269:Polizeihauptmeister mit Zulage 319:It provides assistance to the 306:Federal Criminal Police Office 289:Federal Criminal Police Office 1: 3619:History of Germany since 1990 2591: 2545:Police forces of Nazi Germany 1669:cars for their police force. 1633:police prefer Opel cars (the 1613:are used as police cars. The 1540:North Rhine-Westphalia Police 1373:The German legal system is a 709:Auxiliary State Police Forces 617:Northrhine-Westphalian Police 397:Bundesnachrichtendienst / BND 377:Central Customs Support Group 321:State Criminal Police Offices 3153:State Criminal Police Office 2985:Customs Investigation Bureau 2824:. Forum-Verlag. p. 23. 2567:(public prosecutor's office) 1512: 1442:Federal Administrative Court 1362: 869:Gemeindevollzugsdienst / GVD 713:Some German states maintain 565:State Criminal Police Office 459:was previously known as the 447:. It is subordinated to the 393:Federal Intelligence Service 387:Federal Intelligence Service 365:Customs Investigation Bureau 58:"Law enforcement in Germany" 7: 2821:Criminal Justice in Germany 2533: 2383:Saxony-Anhalt State Police 1975: 1956:Volkswagen Transporter (T5) 1951:Volkswagen Transporter (T4) 1641:, currently it is owned by 1637:brand formerly belonged to 1517: 1125:Bereitschaftspolizei / BePo 981: 890:), most common denomination 487:Lufthansa airliner hijacked 422:Badge of the federal police 361:Federal Ministry of Finance 10: 4737: 4721:Law enforcement in Germany 4337:Law enforcement in Europe 3526:North German Confederation 3506:Confederation of the Rhine 2949:Law enforcement in Germany 2263:Lower Saxony State Police 2004: 1696: 1566:of the Saxony State Police 1470:, and gives German courts 1366: 1071:Polizei-/Kriminalkommissar 919:Municipal police (Germany) 916: 896:Städtischer Ordnungsdienst 884:Order Enforcement Office ( 852:bylaw enforcement officers 727:Freiwilliger Polizeidienst 604: 527:Military police in Germany 281: 157:Reich Security Main Office 134:Law enforcement in Germany 4692: 4644: 4606: 4343: 4260: 4120: 4000: 3991: 3874: 3865: 3746: 3737: 3673: 3664: 3627: 3606: 3488: 3442: 3366: 3335: 3326: 3233: 3202: 3187:Local public order forces 3186: 3136:Special units or branches 3135: 3042: 2955: 2793:"§ 2 Strafvollzugsgesetz" 2630:"BKA - Fakten und Zahlen" 2614:Federal Research Division 2491:Federal Parliament Police 1811: 1763: 1697: 1528:Schleswig-Holstein Police 659:allgemeines Polizeigesetz 439:Established in 1951, the 171:were turned into the new 161:Reichssicherheitshauptamt 3678:Administrative divisions 3269:SS Security Service (SD) 3173:Special Task Force (SEK) 3024:German Parliament Police 2855:Journal of Legal Studies 2723:U.S. Department of State 2180:Brandenburg State Police 2137:: a modification of the 1447:Bundesverwaltungsgericht 1408:Federal Court of Justice 1389:Bundesverfassungsgericht 723:Voluntary Police Service 615:Patrol cars used by the 443:(BPOL) is the uniformed 212:), also responsible for 195:West German constitution 2980:Federal Customs Service 2479:Conversion finished in 2097:Conversion finished in 1807:trucks and prison buses 1489:Bürgerliches Gesetzbuch 1460:crimes against humanity 1261:Polizeimeister-Anwärter 913:Municipal police forces 569:Landeskriminalamt / LKA 353:Federal Customs Service 347:Federal Customs Service 325:Landeskriminalamt / LKA 310:Bundeskriminalamt / BKA 218:Federal Criminal Police 141:the country was unified 4386:Bosnia and Herzegovina 3939:Science and technology 3640:History of Brandenburg 3531:Unification of Germany 3521:Frankfurt Constitution 3215:German People's Police 3097:North Rhine-Westphalia 3092:Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 2307:North Rhine-Westphalia 2030: 2001: 1993: 1985: 1841:Mercedes-Benz Sprinter 1575: 1567: 1556: 1542: 1531: 1503: 1487: 1479: 1472:universal jurisdiction 1452: 1446: 1436: 1422: 1412: 1399: 1387: 1355: 1349: 1343: 1335: 1329: 1323: 1317: 1306: 1300: 1289: 1281: 1275: 1267: 1259: 1253: 1244: 1230: 1224: 1218: 1212: 1206: 1185: 1169: 1162: 1153: 1140: 1133: 1124: 1085: 1079: 1070: 1064: 1058: 973: 964: 954: 949: 937: 929: 904: 895: 886: 877: 868: 836: 828: 675:Criminal Police Office 671:Schutzpolizei / SchuPo 630: 619: 560: 528: 436: 423: 343: 301: 130: 129:(Federal Border Guard) 3576:Flight and expulsions 3274:Customs Border Guards 3264:State Security Police 2470:Federal Police Force 2344:Saarland State Police 2130:Bavarian State Police 2035:river or water police 2028: 1999: 1991: 1983: 1836:Mercedes-Benz S-Class 1831:Mercedes-Benz G-Class 1826:Mercedes-Benz E-Class 1821:Mercedes-Benz C-Class 1645:, which is a part of 1615:Bavarian State Police 1573: 1562: 1548: 1537: 1525: 1454:Völkerstrafgesetzbuch 1440:" in Munich) and the 1381:, as compared to the 1238:Development of career 946: 825: 625: 614: 551: 526: 434: 421: 373:Zollkriminalamt / ZKA 337: 296: 268:main railway stations 124: 4248:World Heritage Sites 3926:German states by GDP 3516:German Confederation 3210:Federal Border Guard 3102:Rhineland-Palatinate 2814:Jehle, Jörg-Martin; 2586:Legal aid in Germany 2473:Police uniform type 2364:Saxony State Police 2222:Hamburg State Police 2091:Police uniform type 2043:German Reunification 1984:Hamburg uniform type 1846:Mercedes-Benz Unimog 1817:many trucks and vans 1794:Land Rover Discovery 1432:Federal Fiscal Court 1428:Federal Social Court 1423:Bundesarbeitsgericht 1418:Federal Labour Court 1369:Judiciary of Germany 1291:Kriminalhauptmeister 1225:Justizvollzugsdienst 1134:Bereitschaftspolizei 1014:improve this section 445:federal police force 357:Bundeszollverwaltung 206:Federal Border Guard 43:improve this article 4607:States with limited 3884:Automobile industry 3470:Carolingian dynasty 3404:History of the Huns 3044:State police forces 2963:Federal Coast Guard 2656:OSCE Entry on BPOL 2482:Conversion to blue 2201:Bremen State Police 2159:Berlin State Police 2100:Conversion to blue 2088:State Police Force 2059:State Police Forces 2039:Wasserschutzpolizei 1992:Saxony uniform type 1941:Volkswagen Scirocco 1526:A patrolcar of the 1450:" in Leipzig). The 1102:Women in the Police 938:Regierungspräsidium 647:Landespolizeigesetz 601:State Police Forces 338:Customs officer in 3954:Telecommunications 3635:History of Prussia 3551:Revolution of 1918 3546:War guilt question 3465:Carolingian Empire 3434:Sack of Rome (410) 3343:History of Germany 3122:Schleswig-Holstein 2725:. 10 November 2010 2708:Personal Knowledge 2682:2009-05-24 at the 2663:2009-05-24 at the 2576:Prisons in Germany 2564:Staatsanwaltschaft 2243:Hesse State Police 2031: 2002: 2000:Hesse uniform type 1994: 1986: 1851:Mercedes-Benz Vito 1576: 1568: 1557: 1543: 1532: 1426:" in Erfurt), the 1129:Riot Police Forces 971:Community Police ( 955: 837: 826:Patrol car of the 755:Sicherheitspartner 631: 620: 578:white-collar crime 576:environmental and 561: 529: 491:Mogadishu, Somalia 437: 424: 344: 302: 248:Schengen Agreement 246:and spread of the 216:services, and the 131: 4708: 4707: 4303: 4302: 4256: 4255: 3987: 3986: 3901:Chemical Triangle 3861: 3860: 3848:Political parties 3796:Foreign relations 3733: 3732: 3660: 3659: 3571:Allied occupation 3475:Holy Roman Empire 3282: 3281: 3163:Protection police 3052:Baden-Württemberg 2831:978-3-936999-51-8 2550:Police of Germany 2531: 2530: 2460: 2459: 2114:Baden-Württemberg 2020:Heinz Oestergaard 1973: 1972: 1961:Volkswagen Touran 1946:Volkswagen Sharan 1930:Volkswagen Passat 1925:Volkswagen Passat 1900:Volkswagen Beetle 1659:Baden-Württemberg 1655:Frankfurt am Main 1413:Bundesgerichtshof 1190:Frankfurt Airport 1050: 1049: 1042: 731:Baden-Württemberg 667:Protective Police 582:Landeskriminalamt 554:Landeskriminalamt 552:Doorplate of the 462:Bundesgrenzschutz 252:Bundesgrenzschutz 210:Bundesgrenzschutz 127:Bundesgrenzschutz 119: 118: 111: 93: 4728: 4645:Dependencies and 4344:Sovereign states 4330: 4323: 4316: 4307: 4306: 4283: 4276: 4269: 4233:Prussian virtues 3998: 3997: 3906:Economic history 3872: 3871: 3766: 3744: 3743: 3695:Cities and towns 3671: 3670: 3651:Baden Revolution 3455:Treaty of Verdun 3424:Marcomannic Wars 3379:Migration Period 3374:Germanic peoples 3358:Military history 3333: 3332: 3309: 3302: 3295: 3286: 3285: 3244:Uniformed police 3225:Transport Police 3194:Municipal police 2942: 2935: 2928: 2919: 2918: 2912: 2911: 2909: 2908: 2894: 2888: 2887: 2842: 2836: 2835: 2811: 2805: 2804: 2802: 2800: 2789: 2783: 2782: 2780: 2778: 2767: 2761: 2760: 2758: 2756: 2751:on 29 April 2011 2741: 2735: 2734: 2732: 2730: 2715: 2709: 2706: 2700: 2699: 2692: 2686: 2673: 2667: 2654: 2648: 2647: 2640: 2634: 2633: 2626: 2617: 2600: 2599: 2571:Crime in Germany 2467: 2466: 2085: 2084: 2037:forces (German: 1915:Volkswagen Jetta 1905:Volkswagen Caddy 1695: 1688:Type of vehicles 1508: 1495:political crimes 1492: 1484: 1457: 1449: 1439: 1425: 1415: 1402: 1392: 1358: 1356:Polizeipräsident 1352: 1346: 1340: 1332: 1330:gehobener Dienst 1326: 1320: 1311: 1303: 1301:gehobener Dienst 1298:Entry into the " 1294: 1286: 1278: 1276:mittlerer Dienst 1272: 1264: 1256: 1254:Mittlerer Dienst 1247: 1245:gehobener Dienst 1233: 1231:Einfacher Dienst 1227: 1221: 1215: 1213:gehobener Dienst 1209: 1207:Mittlerer Dienst 1172: 1165: 1156: 1143: 1136: 1088: 1082: 1073: 1067: 1061: 1045: 1038: 1034: 1031: 1025: 994: 986: 976: 967: 952: 907: 898: 889: 887:Ordnungsamt / OA 880: 871: 844:code enforcement 831: 776:Sicherheitswacht 739:Sicherheitswacht 715:auxiliary police 556:of the state of 512:Transportpolizei 278:Federal agencies 114: 107: 103: 100: 94: 92: 51: 27: 19: 4736: 4735: 4731: 4730: 4729: 4727: 4726: 4725: 4711: 4710: 4709: 4704: 4688: 4646: 4640: 4626:Northern Cyprus 4608: 4602: 4518:North Macedonia 4339: 4334: 4304: 4299: 4286: 4279: 4272: 4265: 4252: 4116: 4067:Life expectancy 3983: 3857: 3828:Law enforcement 3764: 3729: 3656: 3623: 3602: 3586:Divided Germany 3556:Weimar Republic 3484: 3450:Frankish Empire 3438: 3362: 3328: 3322: 3313: 3283: 3278: 3254:Criminal police 3229: 3198: 3182: 3158:Motorway police 3148:Criminal police 3131: 3038: 3029:Military Police 2951: 2946: 2916: 2915: 2906: 2904: 2896: 2895: 2891: 2846:Casper, Gerhard 2843: 2839: 2832: 2812: 2808: 2798: 2796: 2791: 2790: 2786: 2776: 2774: 2769: 2768: 2764: 2754: 2752: 2743: 2742: 2738: 2728: 2726: 2717: 2716: 2712: 2707: 2703: 2694: 2693: 2689: 2684:Wayback Machine 2674: 2670: 2665:Wayback Machine 2655: 2651: 2642: 2641: 2637: 2628: 2627: 2623: 2609:Country Studies 2606: 2597: 2594: 2556:Zollkriminalamt 2536: 2055: 2015:Munich massacre 2007: 1978: 1936:Volkswagen Polo 1910:Volkswagen Golf 1690: 1520: 1515: 1481:Strafgesetzbuch 1437:Bundesfinanzhof 1395:judicial review 1371: 1365: 1283:Kriminalpolizei 1240: 1202: 1200:Career brackets 1113: 1104: 1095: 1046: 1035: 1029: 1026: 1011: 995: 984: 974:Kommunalpolizei 921: 915: 832:of the city of 820: 815: 711: 679:Kriminalpolizei 609: 603: 591: 546: 541: 521: 519:Military police 429: 405: 389: 349: 291: 286: 280: 254:was renamed to 232:force (German: 188:law enforcement 145:Weimar Republic 115: 104: 98: 95: 52: 50: 40: 28: 17: 12: 11: 5: 4734: 4724: 4723: 4706: 4705: 4703: 4702: 4700:European Union 4696: 4694: 4693:Other entities 4690: 4689: 4687: 4686: 4681: 4676: 4671: 4666: 4661: 4656: 4650: 4648: 4647:other entities 4642: 4641: 4639: 4638: 4633: 4628: 4623: 4618: 4612: 4610: 4604: 4603: 4601: 4600: 4595: 4593:United Kingdom 4590: 4585: 4580: 4575: 4570: 4565: 4560: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4540: 4535: 4530: 4525: 4520: 4515: 4510: 4505: 4500: 4495: 4490: 4485: 4480: 4475: 4470: 4465: 4460: 4458: 4453: 4448: 4443: 4438: 4433: 4428: 4423: 4418: 4413: 4408: 4406:Czech Republic 4403: 4398: 4393: 4388: 4383: 4378: 4373: 4368: 4363: 4358: 4353: 4347: 4345: 4341: 4340: 4333: 4332: 4325: 4318: 4310: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4297: 4292: 4285: 4284: 4277: 4270: 4262: 4261: 4258: 4257: 4254: 4253: 4251: 4250: 4245: 4240: 4235: 4230: 4225: 4220: 4215: 4210: 4205: 4200: 4195: 4190: 4185: 4180: 4175: 4170: 4165: 4164:Cultural icons 4162: 4157: 4152: 4147: 4142: 4137: 4132: 4126: 4124: 4118: 4117: 4115: 4114: 4109: 4104: 4099: 4094: 4089: 4084: 4079: 4074: 4069: 4064: 4059: 4054: 4049: 4044: 4043: 4042: 4037: 4027: 4022: 4017: 4012: 4007: 4001: 3995: 3989: 3988: 3985: 3984: 3982: 3981: 3976: 3971: 3966: 3961: 3956: 3951: 3946: 3944:Stock exchange 3941: 3936: 3928: 3923: 3918: 3913: 3908: 3903: 3898: 3897: 3896: 3886: 3881: 3875: 3869: 3863: 3862: 3859: 3858: 3856: 3855: 3850: 3845: 3840: 3835: 3830: 3825: 3820: 3819: 3818: 3813: 3808: 3798: 3793: 3788: 3783: 3778: 3773: 3768: 3758: 3753: 3747: 3741: 3735: 3734: 3731: 3730: 3728: 3727: 3722: 3717: 3712: 3707: 3702: 3697: 3692: 3691: 3690: 3685: 3674: 3668: 3662: 3661: 3658: 3657: 3655: 3654: 3648: 3642: 3637: 3631: 3629: 3625: 3624: 3622: 3621: 3616: 3610: 3608: 3604: 3603: 3601: 3600: 3599: 3598: 3593: 3583: 3581:Denazification 3578: 3573: 3568: 3563: 3558: 3553: 3548: 3543: 3538: 3533: 3528: 3523: 3518: 3513: 3508: 3503: 3498: 3492: 3490: 3486: 3485: 3483: 3482: 3477: 3472: 3467: 3462: 3457: 3452: 3446: 3444: 3440: 3439: 3437: 3436: 3431: 3426: 3421: 3416: 3411: 3406: 3401: 3396: 3391: 3386: 3381: 3376: 3370: 3368: 3364: 3363: 3361: 3360: 3355: 3353:Historiography 3350: 3345: 3339: 3337: 3330: 3324: 3323: 3312: 3311: 3304: 3297: 3289: 3280: 3279: 3277: 3276: 3271: 3266: 3261: 3256: 3251: 3246: 3240: 3238: 3231: 3230: 3228: 3227: 3222: 3220:Railway Police 3217: 3212: 3206: 3204: 3200: 3199: 3197: 3196: 3190: 3188: 3184: 3183: 3181: 3180: 3175: 3170: 3168:Reserve police 3165: 3160: 3155: 3150: 3145: 3139: 3137: 3133: 3132: 3130: 3129: 3124: 3119: 3114: 3109: 3104: 3099: 3094: 3089: 3084: 3079: 3074: 3069: 3064: 3059: 3054: 3048: 3046: 3040: 3039: 3037: 3036: 3031: 3026: 3021: 3020: 3019: 3017:Directorate 11 3014: 3009: 3002:Federal Police 2999: 2994: 2993: 2992: 2987: 2977: 2976: 2975: 2965: 2959: 2957: 2953: 2952: 2945: 2944: 2937: 2930: 2922: 2914: 2913: 2889: 2868:10.1086/467481 2837: 2830: 2806: 2784: 2762: 2736: 2710: 2701: 2687: 2668: 2649: 2635: 2620: 2619: 2593: 2590: 2589: 2588: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2568: 2560: 2552: 2547: 2542: 2535: 2532: 2529: 2528: 2525: 2522: 2519: 2517:Federal Police 2514: 2512:Federal Police 2508: 2507: 2504: 2501: 2498: 2496:Federal Police 2493: 2487: 2486: 2480: 2477: 2474: 2471: 2465: 2464: 2458: 2457: 2454: 2451: 2448: 2442: 2438: 2437: 2434: 2431: 2428: 2422: 2418: 2417: 2414: 2411: 2408: 2403: 2397: 2396: 2393: 2390: 2387: 2384: 2380: 2379: 2376: 2373: 2370: 2365: 2361: 2360: 2357: 2354: 2351: 2346: 2340: 2339: 2336: 2333: 2330: 2325: 2319: 2318: 2315: 2312: 2309: 2304: 2298: 2297: 2294: 2291: 2288: 2283: 2279: 2278: 2275: 2272: 2269: 2264: 2260: 2259: 2256: 2253: 2250: 2245: 2239: 2238: 2235: 2232: 2229: 2224: 2218: 2217: 2214: 2211: 2208: 2203: 2197: 2196: 2193: 2190: 2187: 2182: 2176: 2175: 2172: 2169: 2166: 2161: 2155: 2154: 2151: 2148: 2145: 2142:federal police 2132: 2126: 2125: 2122: 2119: 2116: 2111: 2105: 2104: 2098: 2095: 2092: 2089: 2083: 2082: 2067:Federal Police 2054: 2051: 2006: 2003: 1977: 1974: 1971: 1970: 1969: 1968: 1963: 1958: 1953: 1948: 1943: 1938: 1933: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1912: 1907: 1902: 1897: 1891: 1886: 1880: 1875: 1869: 1864: 1858: 1853: 1848: 1843: 1838: 1833: 1828: 1823: 1818: 1810: 1809: 1808: 1802: 1796: 1791: 1785: 1779: 1774: 1769: 1762: 1761: 1760: 1755: 1750: 1745: 1740: 1735: 1730: 1725: 1720: 1714: 1709: 1703: 1689: 1686: 1649:) is based in 1639:General Motors 1611:European Fords 1552:patrol car in 1550:Federal Police 1519: 1516: 1514: 1511: 1367:Main article: 1364: 1361: 1318:höherer Dienst 1239: 1236: 1219:Höherer Dienst 1201: 1198: 1112: 1109: 1103: 1100: 1094: 1093:Off duty carry 1091: 1048: 1047: 998: 996: 989: 983: 980: 979: 978: 969: 930:Polizeibehörde 917:Main article: 914: 911: 910: 909: 900: 891: 882: 873: 819: 816: 814: 813:Local agencies 811: 772: 771: 768: 765: 710: 707: 698:European Union 628:Hamburg Police 605:Main article: 602: 599: 590: 587: 545: 542: 540: 539:State agencies 537: 520: 517: 428: 427:Federal Police 425: 404: 401: 388: 385: 348: 345: 290: 287: 282:Main article: 279: 276: 256:Federal Police 244:European Union 117: 116: 31: 29: 22: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 4733: 4722: 4719: 4718: 4716: 4701: 4698: 4697: 4695: 4691: 4685: 4682: 4680: 4677: 4675: 4672: 4670: 4667: 4665: 4662: 4660: 4659:Faroe Islands 4657: 4655: 4652: 4651: 4649: 4643: 4637: 4634: 4632: 4631:South Ossetia 4629: 4627: 4624: 4622: 4619: 4617: 4614: 4613: 4611: 4605: 4599: 4596: 4594: 4591: 4589: 4586: 4584: 4581: 4579: 4576: 4574: 4571: 4569: 4566: 4564: 4561: 4559: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4539: 4536: 4534: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4524: 4521: 4519: 4516: 4514: 4511: 4509: 4506: 4504: 4501: 4499: 4496: 4494: 4491: 4489: 4486: 4484: 4481: 4479: 4478:Liechtenstein 4476: 4474: 4471: 4469: 4466: 4464: 4461: 4459: 4457: 4454: 4452: 4449: 4447: 4444: 4442: 4439: 4437: 4434: 4432: 4429: 4427: 4424: 4422: 4419: 4417: 4414: 4412: 4409: 4407: 4404: 4402: 4399: 4397: 4394: 4392: 4389: 4387: 4384: 4382: 4379: 4377: 4374: 4372: 4369: 4367: 4364: 4362: 4359: 4357: 4354: 4352: 4349: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4338: 4331: 4326: 4324: 4319: 4317: 4312: 4311: 4308: 4296: 4293: 4291: 4288: 4287: 4282: 4278: 4275: 4271: 4268: 4264: 4263: 4259: 4249: 4246: 4244: 4241: 4239: 4236: 4234: 4231: 4229: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4211: 4209: 4206: 4204: 4201: 4199: 4196: 4194: 4191: 4189: 4186: 4184: 4181: 4179: 4176: 4174: 4171: 4169: 4166: 4163: 4161: 4158: 4156: 4153: 4151: 4148: 4146: 4143: 4141: 4138: 4136: 4133: 4131: 4128: 4127: 4125: 4123: 4119: 4113: 4110: 4108: 4107:Social issues 4105: 4103: 4100: 4098: 4095: 4093: 4090: 4088: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4073: 4070: 4068: 4065: 4063: 4060: 4058: 4055: 4053: 4050: 4048: 4045: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4035:Ethnic groups 4033: 4032: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4018: 4016: 4013: 4011: 4008: 4006: 4003: 4002: 3999: 3996: 3994: 3990: 3980: 3977: 3975: 3972: 3970: 3967: 3965: 3962: 3960: 3957: 3955: 3952: 3950: 3947: 3945: 3942: 3940: 3937: 3935: 3933: 3929: 3927: 3924: 3922: 3919: 3917: 3914: 3912: 3909: 3907: 3904: 3902: 3899: 3895: 3892: 3891: 3890: 3887: 3885: 3882: 3880: 3877: 3876: 3873: 3870: 3868: 3864: 3854: 3851: 3849: 3846: 3844: 3841: 3839: 3836: 3834: 3831: 3829: 3826: 3824: 3821: 3817: 3814: 3812: 3809: 3807: 3804: 3803: 3802: 3799: 3797: 3794: 3792: 3789: 3787: 3784: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3763: 3759: 3757: 3754: 3752: 3749: 3748: 3745: 3742: 3740: 3736: 3726: 3723: 3721: 3718: 3716: 3713: 3711: 3708: 3706: 3703: 3701: 3698: 3696: 3693: 3689: 3686: 3684: 3681: 3680: 3679: 3676: 3675: 3672: 3669: 3667: 3663: 3652: 3649: 3646: 3643: 3641: 3638: 3636: 3633: 3632: 3630: 3626: 3620: 3617: 3615: 3614:Reunification 3612: 3611: 3609: 3605: 3597: 3594: 3592: 3589: 3588: 3587: 3584: 3582: 3579: 3577: 3574: 3572: 3569: 3567: 3564: 3562: 3559: 3557: 3554: 3552: 3549: 3547: 3544: 3542: 3539: 3537: 3536:German Empire 3534: 3532: 3529: 3527: 3524: 3522: 3519: 3517: 3514: 3512: 3509: 3507: 3504: 3502: 3499: 3497: 3494: 3493: 3491: 3487: 3481: 3478: 3476: 3473: 3471: 3468: 3466: 3463: 3461: 3458: 3456: 3453: 3451: 3448: 3447: 3445: 3441: 3435: 3432: 3430: 3427: 3425: 3422: 3420: 3417: 3415: 3412: 3410: 3407: 3405: 3402: 3400: 3397: 3395: 3392: 3390: 3387: 3385: 3382: 3380: 3377: 3375: 3372: 3371: 3369: 3365: 3359: 3356: 3354: 3351: 3349: 3346: 3344: 3341: 3340: 3338: 3334: 3331: 3325: 3321: 3317: 3310: 3305: 3303: 3298: 3296: 3291: 3290: 3287: 3275: 3272: 3270: 3267: 3265: 3262: 3260: 3257: 3255: 3252: 3250: 3249:Schutzpolizei 3247: 3245: 3242: 3241: 3239: 3236: 3232: 3226: 3223: 3221: 3218: 3216: 3213: 3211: 3208: 3207: 3205: 3201: 3195: 3192: 3191: 3189: 3185: 3179: 3176: 3174: 3171: 3169: 3166: 3164: 3161: 3159: 3156: 3154: 3151: 3149: 3146: 3144: 3141: 3140: 3138: 3134: 3128: 3125: 3123: 3120: 3118: 3117:Saxony-Anhalt 3115: 3113: 3110: 3108: 3105: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3095: 3093: 3090: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3080: 3078: 3075: 3073: 3070: 3068: 3065: 3063: 3060: 3058: 3055: 3053: 3050: 3049: 3047: 3045: 3041: 3035: 3032: 3030: 3027: 3025: 3022: 3018: 3015: 3013: 3010: 3008: 3005: 3004: 3003: 3000: 2998: 2995: 2991: 2988: 2986: 2983: 2982: 2981: 2978: 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