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Depending on various factors, such as whether an agency is autonomous or dependent on other organizations for its operations, the governing body that funds and oversees the agency may decide to dissolve or consolidate its operations. Dissolution of an agency may occur when the governing body or the
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By the 19th century, improvements in technology, greater global connections, and changes in the sociopolitical order led to the establishment of police forces worldwide. National, regional, and municipal civilian law enforcement agencies exist in practically all countries; to promote their
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or peace officer to include every person vested by the legislating state with police power or authority; traditionally, anyone sworn or badged who can arrest any person for a violation of criminal law is included under the umbrella term of law enforcement.
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619:, there is a national police for urban areas and a gendarmerie for rural areas, both technically national-level. In some cases, there may be multiple agencies at the same level but with different focuses: for example, in the United States, the
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2012:
591:. These are typically organized into three basic levels: national, regional, and municipal. However, depending on certain factors, there may be more or less levels, or they may be merged: in the United States, there are
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584:. Social investment in enforcement through such organizations can be massive in terms of the resources invested in the activity and the number of people professionally engaged to perform those functions.
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The concept of law enforcement dates back to ancient times, and forms of law enforcement and police have existed in various forms across many human societies. Modern state legal codes use the term
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510:, also known as Interpol, was formed in September 1923. Technology has made an immense impact on law enforcement, leading to the development and regular use of
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1917:
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agencies; in Canada, some territories may only have national-level law enforcement, while some provinces have national, provincial, and municipal; in
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may exist in some jurisdictions, often to provide dedicated law enforcement for privately-owned property or infrastructure, such as
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255:. Who law enforcers were and reported to depended on the civilization and often changed over time, but they were typically
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provided services ranging from law enforcement and personal protection to customs enforcement and waste collection. In
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in 1667. Until the 18th century, law enforcement in
England was mostly the responsibility of private citizens and
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Municipal police officers, county sheriff's deputies, and state highway patrol officers at the scene of a
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Guard and Watch was reported to have the duties and organization of a modern police force. The first
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83:. These three components of the criminal Justice system may operate independently of each other or
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The concept of police as the primary law enforcement organization originated in Europe in the
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agent itself decides to end operations. This can occur due to multiple reasons, including
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sharing and cooperation. Throughout the world, law enforcement are also associated with
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Although law enforcement may be most concerned with the prevention and punishment of
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729:– structured list of topics related to law enforcement, organized by subject area
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are both national-level federal law enforcement agencies, but the DEA focuses on
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force. Civilians generally staff police agencies, which are typically not a
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Law enforcement organizations existed in ancient times, such as prefects in
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472:
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168: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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merged the Bow Street
Runners and the Thames River Police to form the
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Law enforcement agencies are limited to operating within a specified
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802:"Metropolitan Police's proud boast sets off police alarm in Glasgow"
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established slave-catcher patrols in the 1700s, and by 1785, the
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933:. International Association of Chiefs of Police. 2003-05-01
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in 1611, while the first organized police force was the
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New Law
Journal - Volume 123, Part 1 - Page 358, 1974
372:, the first formal police force in Britain. In 1800,
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1804:
861:
625:
Bureau of
Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
319:, a complex law enforcement system emerged, where
705:, a lack of population in the jurisdiction, mass
16:Enforcement of the law by some members of society
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638:Various segments of society may have their own
376:reorganized French law enforcement to form the
47:who act in an organized manner to enforce the
2620:
2474:
2083:
2069:
1790:
1385:
982:
968:
875:"The City that Really Did Abolish the Police"
715:International Association of Chiefs of Police
392:was formed in England to combat theft on the
75:governing that society. The term encompasses
2593:South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands
900:"Rio Vista dissolving its police department"
463:, law enforcement was the responsibility of
411:, the first law enforcement agencies in the
1399:
533:
350:; the first statutory police force was the
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2613:
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2076:
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1783:
1392:
1378:
975:
961:
560:Most law enforcement is conducted by some
508:International Criminal Police Organization
184:Learn how and when to remove this message
3772:History of the American legal profession
897:
859:Kären M. Hess, Christine Hess Orthmann,
688:
544:
493:
205:
18:
682:or hospital police for privately-owned
3837:
479:. The first law enforcement agency in
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2057:
1778:
1373:
956:
409:European colonization of the Americas
343:were responsible for enforcing laws.
380:; the British government passed the
166:adding citations to reliable sources
137:
872:
538:For a more comprehensive list, see
43:is the activity of some members of
13:
853:
423:, both formed in the 1660s in the
421:Albany County Sheriff's Department
14:
3856:
2756:Restitution and unjust enrichment
1805:Law enforcement in North America
948:
836:"Bicentenaire : theme_expo4"
799:
640:specialist law enforcement agency
631:crimes, while the ATF focuses on
501:officers conducting a foot patrol
3803:
3802:
3788:
2489:Law enforcement in South America
1918:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
1758:
1749:
1748:
1281:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
1051:Democratic Republic of the Congo
777:"Law Enforcement Code of Ethics"
540:List of law enforcement agencies
142:
3767:History of the legal profession
924:"Consolidating Police Services"
898:Cummings, Brandi (2020-01-24).
621:Drug Enforcement Administration
506:international cooperation, the
485:Royal Newfoundland Constabulary
153:needs additional citations for
24:New York City Police Department
1716:British Indian Ocean Territory
916:
891:
866:
828:
793:
769:
760:
459:, both formed in 1789. In the
457:United States Marshals Service
453:federal law enforcement agency
445:Philadelphia Police Department
331:; and shires were overseen by
1:
753:
2043:United States Virgin Islands
838:. 2008-05-06. Archived from
359:lieutenant général de police
352:High Constables of Edinburgh
7:
931:Department of Justice - USA
748:Parking enforcement officer
720:
447:, while the first American
202:History of criminal justice
10:
3861:
3434:International legal theory
2913:International slavery laws
2908:International human rights
2903:International criminal law
2085:Law enforcement in Europe
733:Law enforcement by country
727:Outline of law enforcement
537:
499:Indonesian National Police
195:
133:
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3649:
3487:Administration of justice
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2018:Saint Pierre and Miquelon
1936:
1810:
1744:
1703:
1663:
1405:
1294:
1269:
988:
983:Law enforcement in Africa
555:Scotts Valley, California
417:New York Sheriff's Office
3264:Basic structure doctrine
3114:Natural and legal rights
2995:Public international law
2038:Turks and Caicos Islands
1465:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1036:Central African Republic
534:Law enforcement agencies
3444:Principle of typicality
2918:International trade law
2634:
1726:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
1400:Law enforcement in Asia
703:criminal justice reform
378:Paris Police Prefecture
116:law enforcement officer
67:people who violate the
2134:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1968:British Virgin Islands
873:L., Katherine; Ergan.
697:
562:law enforcement agency
557:
502:
491:, established in 1868.
386:City of Glasgow Police
214:
211:Toronto Police Service
37:
3439:Principle of legality
3198:Delegated legislation
2898:Intellectual property
1908:Saint Kitts and Nevis
1196:SĂŁo TomĂ© and PrĂncipe
1056:Republic of the Congo
692:
548:
524:police tactical units
497:
396:. In September 1829,
298:, forces such as the
292:post-classical period
209:
198:Police § History
22:
3657:Barristers' chambers
3599:Legal representation
3537:Justice of the peace
2883:Financial regulation
1640:United Arab Emirates
429:Province of Carolina
425:Province of New York
162:improve this article
3692:Election commission
3404:Expressive function
2933:Landlord–tenant law
2832:Consumer protection
2355:States with limited
1923:Trinidad and Tobago
1818:Antigua and Barbuda
1667:limited recognition
1271:States with limited
709:, efforts to deter
528:police body cameras
402:Metropolitan Police
390:Thames River Police
384:, establishing the
348:early modern period
87:through the use of
3650:Legal institutions
3517:Lawsuit/Litigation
3507:Dispute resolution
3312:Catholic canon law
3020:State of emergency
2983:Will and testament
2707:Law of obligations
2660:Constitutional law
2650:Administrative law
1858:Dominican Republic
698:
558:
503:
439:department in the
382:Glasgow Police Act
370:Bow Street Runners
215:
107:, and keeping the
38:
3832:
3831:
3492:Constitutionalism
3414:Law and economics
3252:Act of parliament
2990:Product liability
2943:Legal archaeology
2868:Environmental law
2862:Entertainment law
2702:International law
2602:
2601:
2574:other territories
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1940:other territories
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1709:other territories
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1298:other territories
1071:Equatorial Guinea
633:weapon regulation
461:American frontier
413:Thirteen Colonies
300:Santa Hermandades
194:
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55:, investigating,
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3616:Question of fact
3497:Criminal justice
2827:Construction law
2822:Conflict of laws
2787:Agricultural law
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2582:Falkland Islands
2496:Sovereign states
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2393:Dependencies and
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2008:Saint Barthélemy
1938:Dependencies and
1811:Sovereign states
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1721:Christmas Island
1407:Sovereign states
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1358:(United Kingdom)
1354:Tristan da Cunha
1350:Ascension Island
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1296:Dependencies and
989:Sovereign states
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680:private railways
437:municipal police
263:, officers of a
213:officers in 1883
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3746:Political party
3719:Legal education
3707:Law enforcement
3687:Court of equity
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3621:Question of law
3574:Practice of law
3554:Judicial review
3468:
3419:Legal formalism
3399:Comparative law
3394:Contract theory
3377:
3297:Legal pluralism
3268:
3257:Act of Congress
3181:Executive order
3147:
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2968:Nationality law
2893:Immigration law
2817:Competition law
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781:www.theiacp.org
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676:railroad police
648:military police
582:internal troops
578:security forces
570:military branch
553:termination in
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520:police aviation
489:Dominion Police
465:county sheriffs
257:enslaved people
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41:Law enforcement
31:police officers
17:
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2028:Sint Eustatius
2025:
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2015:
2010:
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949:External links
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642:, such as the
564:, typically a
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3363:Statutory law
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3351:Byzantine law
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3302:Religious law
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3274:Legal systems
3271:
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3242:Statutory law
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3030:Transport law
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2878:Financial law
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2837:Corporate law
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219:ancient China
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3559:Jurisdiction
3527:Legal remedy
3482:Adjudication
3382:Legal theory
3220:Ratification
3215:Promulgation
3186:Proclamation
3166:Codification
3099:Human rights
3087:Divine right
3077:Constitution
3045:Women in law
2963:Military law
2958:Marriage law
2953:Maritime law
2852:Election law
2792:Aviation law
2782:Abortion law
2734:Property law
2670:Criminal law
2570:Dependencies
2384:Transnistria
2346:Vatican City
2033:Sint Maarten
2013:Saint Martin
1705:Dependencies
1635:Turkmenistan
1600:Saudi Arabia
1346:Saint Helena
1317:
1221:South Africa
1211:Sierra Leone
1016:Burkina Faso
935:. Retrieved
930:
918:
907:. Retrieved
903:
893:
882:. Retrieved
878:
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860:
855:
844:. Retrieved
840:the original
830:
819:. Retrieved
805:
795:
784:. Retrieved
780:
771:
762:
743:Criminal law
707:resignations
699:
637:
635:violations.
601:local police
589:jurisdiction
586:
559:
516:police radio
504:
449:state police
406:
394:River Thames
363:thief-takers
358:
345:
337:feudal Japan
333:shire-reeves
312:Maréchaussée
310:
305:
289:
273:firefighters
245:Roman Empire
238:
230:
222:
216:
180:
174:October 2022
171:
160:Please help
155:verification
152:
121:
113:
111:in society.
85:collectively
40:
39:
35:Times Square
3731:Legislature
3662:Bureaucracy
3459:Rule of man
3454:Rule of law
3429:Libertarian
3292:Chinese law
3193:Legislation
3143:Regulations
3131:Law reports
3109:Natural law
3005:Reparations
3000:Refugee law
2923:Jurimetrics
2864:(Media law)
2802:Banking law
2797:Amnesty law
2775:Disciplines
2712:Private law
2422:Isle of Man
2357:recognition
2326:Switzerland
2261:Netherlands
2003:Puerto Rico
1913:Saint Lucia
1863:El Salvador
1764:Asia portal
1665:States with
1585:Philippines
1525:South Korea
1520:North Korea
1415:Afghanistan
1273:recognition
1226:South Sudan
1116:Ivory Coast
738:Vigilantism
694:Riot police
574:gendarmerie
512:police cars
398:Robert Peel
296:Middle Ages
281:city guards
235:Inca Empire
81:corrections
53:discovering
29:debriefing
3724:Law school
3604:Prosecutor
3542:Magistrate
3329:Jewish law
3287:Common law
3208:Rulemaking
3203:Regulation
3153:Law making
3092:Divine law
3068:Legal code
3015:Sports law
2938:Law of war
2888:Health law
2873:Family law
2857:Energy law
2807:Bankruptcy
2744:Punishment
2739:Public law
2296:San Marino
2256:Montenegro
2236:Luxembourg
2216:Kazakhstan
2119:Azerbaijan
1998:Montserrat
1993:Martinique
1988:Guadeloupe
1843:Costa Rica
1645:Uzbekistan
1620:Tajikistan
1535:Kyrgyzstan
1515:Kazakhstan
1435:Bangladesh
1425:Azerbaijan
1328:(Portugal)
1286:Somaliland
1206:Seychelles
1171:Mozambique
1156:Mauritania
1141:Madagascar
1096:The Gambia
1031:Cape Verde
937:2022-01-29
909:2022-01-29
884:2022-01-29
846:2022-10-26
821:2022-10-26
786:2023-07-06
754:References
711:corruption
686:campuses.
613:prefecture
473:constables
433:Charleston
407:Following
388:; and the
309:, and the
285:bodyguards
196:See also:
93:protecting
45:government
27:lieutenant
3702:Judiciary
3697:Executive
3672:The bench
3609:Solicitor
3584:Barrister
3464:Sociology
3449:Pseudolaw
3389:Anarchist
3346:Roman law
3334:Parsi law
3319:Hindu law
3307:Canon law
3282:Civil law
3235:Concordat
3126:Precedent
3035:Trust law
3010:Space law
2847:Drugs law
2717:Procedure
2655:Civil law
2559:Venezuela
2504:Argentina
2412:Gibraltar
2231:Lithuania
1983:Greenland
1898:Nicaragua
1873:Guatemala
1731:Hong Kong
1685:Palestine
1610:Sri Lanka
1605:Singapore
1485:Indonesia
1161:Mauritius
816:0140-0460
807:The Times
696:in Zurich
629:narcotics
615:; and in
518:systems,
415:were the
227:Babylonia
128:probation
65:punishing
57:deterring
3839:Category
3809:Category
3751:Tribunal
3736:Military
3579:Attorney
3549:Judgment
3409:Feminist
3324:Jain law
3121:Case law
2842:Cyberlaw
2749:Corporal
2727:Criminal
2697:Evidence
2687:Doctrine
2665:Contract
2549:Suriname
2539:Paraguay
2524:Colombia
2432:Svalbard
2417:Guernsey
2364:Abkhazia
2311:Slovenia
2306:Slovakia
2281:Portugal
2139:Bulgaria
1948:Anguilla
1883:Honduras
1853:Dominica
1828:Barbados
1754:Category
1675:Abkhazia
1625:Thailand
1580:Pakistan
1560:Mongolia
1555:Maldives
1550:Malaysia
1450:Cambodia
1352: /
1348: /
1341:(France)
1335: /
1313: /
1309: /
1261:Zimbabwe
1236:Tanzania
1086:Ethiopia
1081:Eswatini
1061:Djibouti
1026:Cameroon
1011:Botswana
879:Politico
721:See also
684:hospital
664:airports
644:military
623:and the
483:was the
477:marshals
455:was the
443:was the
419:and the
374:Napoleon
321:tithings
294:and the
277:watchmen
261:soldiers
105:property
3823:Outline
3760:History
3667:The bar
3641:Verdict
3589:Counsel
3569:Justice
3424:History
3247:Statute
3063:Charter
3025:Tax law
2973:Probate
2554:Uruguay
2529:Ecuador
2509:Bolivia
2336:Ukraine
2286:Romania
2246:Moldova
2204:Ireland
2199:Iceland
2194:Hungary
2184:Germany
2179:Georgia
2169:Finland
2164:Estonia
2159:Denmark
2144:Croatia
2129:Belgium
2124:Belarus
2114:Austria
2109:Armenia
2104:Andorra
2099:Albania
1978:Curaçao
1963:Bonaire
1958:Bermuda
1888:Jamaica
1868:Grenada
1823:Bahamas
1650:Vietnam
1565:Myanmar
1545:Lebanon
1475:Georgia
1430:Bahrain
1420:Armenia
1337:RĂ©union
1333:Mayotte
1324:Madeira
1319:(Spain)
1315:Melilla
1246:Tunisia
1216:Somalia
1201:Senegal
1186:Nigeria
1176:Namibia
1166:Morocco
1131:Liberia
1126:Lesotho
1076:Eritrea
1046:Comoros
1021:Burundi
996:Algeria
666:having
654:having
652:schools
646:having
605:sheriff
593:federal
551:pursuit
469:rangers
341:samurai
317:England
290:By the
243:in the
240:vigiles
233:in the
223:paqūdus
134:History
3741:Police
3712:Agency
3594:Lawyer
3339:Sharia
3230:Treaty
3225:Repeal
3171:Decree
3082:Custom
2978:Estate
2928:Labour
2692:Equity
2534:Guyana
2514:Brazil
2427:Jersey
2369:Kosovo
2331:Turkey
2321:Sweden
2301:Serbia
2291:Russia
2276:Poland
2271:Norway
2251:Monaco
2221:Latvia
2189:Greece
2174:France
2149:Cyprus
1903:Panama
1893:Mexico
1838:Canada
1833:Belize
1695:Taiwan
1630:Turkey
1595:Russia
1530:Kuwait
1510:Jordan
1500:Israel
1460:Cyprus
1445:Brunei
1440:Bhutan
1356:
1339:
1326:
1256:Zambia
1251:Uganda
1191:Rwanda
1146:Malawi
1106:Guinea
1001:Angola
814:
599:, and
566:police
526:, and
481:Canada
475:, and
427:. The
367:London
329:shires
302:, the
283:, and
249:Medjay
247:, and
231:curaca
200:, and
124:crimes
97:public
89:record
77:police
3816:Index
3682:Court
3626:Trial
3532:Judge
3373:Yassa
3176:Edict
2722:Civil
2675:Crime
2519:Chile
2402:Ă…land
2316:Spain
2241:Malta
2211:Italy
1953:Aruba
1878:Haiti
1736:Macau
1655:Yemen
1615:Syria
1590:Qatar
1570:Nepal
1505:Japan
1480:India
1470:Egypt
1455:China
1311:Ceuta
1231:Sudan
1181:Niger
1136:Libya
1121:Kenya
1101:Ghana
1091:Gabon
1066:Egypt
1006:Benin
927:(PDF)
662:, or
617:Niger
609:Japan
597:state
580:, or
356:Paris
335:. In
325:reeve
306:hurta
265:judge
109:peace
73:norms
69:rules
63:, or
3564:Jury
3512:Fiqh
3368:Xeer
2766:Tort
2682:Deed
2544:Peru
2023:Saba
1848:Cuba
1575:Oman
1540:Laos
1495:Iraq
1490:Iran
1241:Togo
1151:Mali
1041:Chad
904:KCRA
812:ISSN
678:for
603:and
101:life
95:the
71:and
2636:Law
2572:and
1707:and
658:or
251:in
225:in
164:by
51:by
49:law
33:at
3841::
3070:/
929:.
902:.
877:.
810:.
804:.
779:.
670:.
650:,
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976:e
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172:(
158:.
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