398:
light of a publicness principle, beyond a critic and manipulative publicity (...). In accordance, the public may be regarded as the result of the social activities made by individuals sharing symbolic representations and common emotions in publicness. Seen with lower-case, the concept is a set of subjectivities who look publicly for a feeling of belonging. So, in this perspective, the public is still a fundamental notion to social life although in a different manner in comparison to 18th century Public Sphere's Public. He means above all the social textures and configurations where successive layers of social experience are built up."
210:
136:
356:. A public is a subset of the set of stakeholders for an organization, that comprises those people concerned with a specific issue. Whilst a market has an exchange relationship with an organization, and is usually a passive entity that is created by the organization, public does not necessarily have an exchange relationship, and is both self-creating and self-organizing. Publics are targeted by public relations efforts. In this,
276:, and advertising. In public relations and communication science, it is one of the more ambiguous concepts in the field. Although it has definitions in the theory of the field that have been formulated from the early 20th century onwards, and suffered more recent years from being blurred, as a result of conflation of the idea of a public with the notions of audience, market segment, community, constituency, and stakeholder.
36:
77:
309:', and in general denotes some mass population ("the people") in association with some matter of common interest. So in political science and history, a public is a population of individuals in association with civic affairs, or affairs of office or state. In social psychology, marketing, and public relations, a public has a more situational definition.
387:, pp. 209). Public schools are often under controversy for their "agenda-building," especially in debates over whether to teach a religious or secular curriculum. The promotion of an agenda is commonplace whenever one is in a public environment, but schools have exceptional power in that regard.
368:
are publics that the target publics turn to for consultation, whose value judgements are influential upon how a target public will judge any public relations material. The public is often targeted especially in regard to political agendas as their vote is necessary in order to further the progression
397:
Samuel Mateus's 2011 paper "Public as Social
Experience" considered to view the concept by an alternative point of view: the public "is neither a simple audience constituted by media consumers nor just a rational-critical agency of a Public Sphere". He argued "the concept should also be seen in the
406:
Social publics are groups of people united by common ideas, ideology, or hobbies. Networked publics are social publics which have been socially restructured by the networking of technologies. As such, they are simultaneously both (1) the space constructed through networked technologies and (2) the
372:
Public relations theory perspectives on publics are situational, per Dewey and Grunig; mass, where a public is simply viewed as a population of individuals; agenda-building, where a public is viewed as a condition of political involvement that is not transitory; and
317:) public as a group of people who, in facing a similar problem, recognize it and organize themselves to address it. Dewey's definition of a public is thus situational: people organized about a situation. Built upon this situational definition of a public is the
394:, who defines a public as "a group of people who relate to an organization, who demonstrate varying degrees of activity—passivity, and who might (or might not) interact with others concerning their relationship with the organization".
369:
of the cause. As seen in
Massachusetts between 2003 and 2004, it was necessary to "win a critical mass of states and a critical mass of public support" in order to get same-sex marriage passed in the commonwealth.
841:
Vasquez, Gabriel M. (1993). "A Homo
Narrans Paradigm for Public Relations: Combining Bormann's Symbolic Convergence Theory and Grunig's Situational Theory of Publics".
948:
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Jahanzsoozi, Julia (2006). "Relationships, Transparency, and
Evaluation: The Implications for Public Relations". In L'Etang, Jacquie; Pieczka, Magda (eds.).
383:) a collection of "individuals that develop a group consciousness around a problematic situation and act to solve the problematic situations" (
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Vasquez, Gabriel M.; Taylor, Maureen (2001). "Research perspectives on "the Public"". In Heath, Robert
Lawrence; Vasquez, Gabriel M. (eds.).
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902:(Library of Conservative Thought), Transaction Publishers; Reprint edition, January 1, 1993,
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8:
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Rawlins, Brad L.; Bowen, Shannon A. (2005). "Publics". In Heath, Robert
Lawrence (ed.).
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imagined collective which consequently emerges as a result of the intersection of human
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Platformization, Pluralization, Synthetization: Public
Communication in the Digital Age
917:, (Cambridge Cultural Social Studies), Cambridge University Press, September 28, 1997,
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767:(2006). "Building Public Affairs Theory". In Botan, Carl H.; Hazleton, Vincent (eds.).
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are opinion formers and mediators, who pass information to the target publics; and
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One non-situational concept of a public is that of Kirk
Hallahan, professor at
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Communications behaviours and attitudes of environmental publics: Two studies
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The New Public: Professional
Communication and the Means of Social Influence
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In public relations and communication theory, a public is distinct from a
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252:) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the
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Heath, Robert
Lawrence, ed. (2005). "Public sphere (Ă–ffentlichkeit)".
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19:"The Public" and "General public" redirect here. For other uses, see
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Public relations: critical debates and contemporary practice
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The diverse public is symbolized in this sculpture, "
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264:. The concept of a public has also been defined in
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341:(who recognize that they have a problem), and
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98:. There might be a discussion about this on
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64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
159:. Please do not remove this message until
771:. LEA's communication series. Routledge.
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197:Learn how and when to remove this message
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345:(who do something about their problem).
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284:The name "public" originates with the
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679:Varnelis, Kazys (October 31, 2008).
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607:"How Christian Were the Founders?"
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822:The Public and Its Problems
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824:. Chicago: Swallow Press.
524:Vasquez & Taylor 2001
492:Vasquez & Taylor 2001
392:Colorado State University
280:Etymology and definitions
240:are groups of individual
989:Sociological terminology
625:– via NYTimes.com.
563:Rawlins & Bowen 2005
539:Rawlins & Bowen 2005
480:Rawlins & Bowen 2005
305:, to the English word '
642:Comunicação e Sociedade
636:Mateus, Samuel (2011).
333:(who have no problem),
21:Public (disambiguation)
933:The Fall of Public Man
337:(who have a problem),
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749:. Vol. 2. SAGE.
711:. Vol. 2. SAGE.
381:University of Houston
234:communication science
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88:confusing or unclear
23:. For the band, see
979:Human communication
681:"Networked Publics"
553:, pp. 506–507.
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362:intervening publics
148:of this article is
96:clarify the article
900:The Phantom Public
879:Kierkegaard, Søren
765:Toth, Elizabeth L.
581:Huff Post Politics
329:), which talks of
250:the general public
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215:La Foule illuminée
994:Political science
883:A Literary Review
801:978-0-7619-1286-6
778:978-0-8058-3384-3
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818:Dewey, John
648:: 275–286.
441:Res publica
350:stakeholder
327:Grunig 1983
218: [
973:Categories
868:Routledge
591:2013-11-17
468:Heath 2005
452:References
331:nonpublics
315:Dewey 1927
311:John Dewey
270:psychology
246:the public
146:neutrality
108:March 2018
90:to readers
50:improve it
999:Marketing
962:2191-4990
685:MIT Press
551:Toth 2006
421:Community
313:defined (
274:marketing
157:talk page
56:talk page
832:(1983).
820:(1927).
794:. SAGE.
689:Archived
615:Archived
415:See also
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299:), from
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290:publicus
248:(a.k.a.
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864:(2005)
409:persons
302:populus
238:publics
86:may be
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431:People
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242:people
954:(PDF)
352:or a
286:Latin
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958:ISSN
937:ISBN
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623:2018
446:Volk
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