3050:
3175:
1000:
2481:
3096:
3057:
2926:
2638:
2435:
2764:
2723:
2876:
2883:
1676:
3018:
2979:
3803:
3764:
3725:
1191:
2563:
2520:
2597:
3222:
1563:
2684:
2645:
2604:
2805:
2716:
2844:
2919:
3578:
3464:
3414:
3366:
3286:
3089:
2757:
1624:
2364:
3011:
2403:
2038:
1669:
2442:
1519:
2236:
892:
3442:
316:
693:
3239:
3497:
1223:
3794:
3350:
1130:
2194:
2146:
1993:
1944:
1898:
1856:
1291:
928:
2513:
824:
1063:
531:
2282:
2396:
3563:
1439:
1763:
3187:
2556:
429:
1756:
2275:
1570:
2677:
1803:
2357:
2095:
264:
2102:
1849:
499:
3660:
3510:
2972:
2798:
1986:
1371:
1257:
3755:
217:
725:
2187:
1937:
792:
174:
131:
3716:
3640:
3399:
1405:
964:
2045:
653:
2139:
609:
1617:
1325:
356:
1810:
2474:
2229:
1512:
2837:
858:
3269:
1891:
37:
3881:
was never entirely hereditary; rather, ancestry was only one of the factors that determined the succession of kings. During the 10th to 13th centuries, the king was formally elected by the leading nobility in the realm, continuing the
Frankish tradition. Gradually the election became the privilege of
3870:, to emphasize their universal rule even before becoming emperor. This title remained until the end of the Empire in 1806, though after 1508 emperors-elect added "king in Germany" to their titles. (Note: in this and related entries, the kings are called
576:", used in the Holy Roman Empire, was, from the coronation of Henry II, considered equivalent to King of Germany. A king was chosen by the German electors and would then proceed to Rome to be crowned emperor by the pope.
3927:
onwards, all emperors did not get crowned by the Pope anymore. At the same time, chosen successors of the emperors held the title of king of the Romans, if elected by the college of electors during their predecessor's
3919:
was the first king to bear the title of emperor-elect. After his march to Rome for his
Imperial coronation failed in 1508, he had himself proclaimed emperor-elect with papal consent. His successor
3850:. A reference to the "Germans", indicating the emergence of a German nation of some sort, did not appear until the eleventh century, when the pope referred to his enemy
4396:
His abdication was announced by the
Chancellor on 9 November, and the Emperor went into exile in the Netherlands. He did not formally abdicate until 28 November.
6297:
3174:
3049:
5726:
29:
This article is about monarchs ruling over
Germany after the 843 Treaty of Verdun. For ancient German/Germanic kings before the treaty, see
4474:
3180:
2467:
Son of
Frederick III; King of Germany under his father, 1486–1493; assumed the title "Elected Emperor" in 1508 with the pope's approval
999:
2480:
6307:
2545:
Grandson of
Maximilian I; brother of Charles V; King of Germany under his brother Charles V 1531–1556; last king to be crowned in
4505:
5196:
5202:
4428:
6302:
6292:
3910:
3095:
3056:
69:
17:
5616:
77:
4405:
4003:
2434:
6089:
6069:
6049:
5719:
5659:
4368:
3897:, Venerable Emperor of the Romans) until crowned by the pope. Moving to Italy, he was usually first crowned with the
2729:
2569:
2409:
2637:
6094:
6084:
6054:
5941:
3916:
2958:
2925:
2770:
2690:
2448:
1655:
1602:
1550:
1377:
1357:
1263:
6114:
6064:
5906:
5350:
4467:
3959:
3924:
3481:
2932:
2526:
2506:
Grandson of
Maximilian I; died 21 September 1558. Last Emperor to receive the imperial coronation from the Pope.
1197:
1069:
2763:
6172:
6134:
6129:
6109:
6010:
5288:
3954:
3102:
3063:
2889:
2875:
2051:
2722:
6261:
6187:
6124:
6119:
6099:
6074:
6059:
6039:
5995:
5872:
5867:
5084:
3920:
3742:
3024:
2985:
2811:
2610:
2487:
2242:
1904:
1630:
830:
798:
4383:
Ernst Rudolf Huber: Deutsche
Verfassungsgeschichte seit 1789. Band III: Bismarck und das Reich. 3. Auflage,
3923:
also assumed that title after his coronation in 1520 until he was crowned emperor by the pope in 1530. From
1190:
6317:
6104:
6079:
6000:
5926:
5877:
5862:
5857:
5712:
4996:
3851:
3221:
2882:
2850:
2651:
1949:
1554:
1229:
864:
731:
699:
3017:
2978:
5936:
5901:
5852:
4340:
4088:
3993:
3457:
2715:
2596:
1675:
1562:
1331:
1006:
659:
4211:
6228:
6144:
6027:
5589:
4460:
3802:
3763:
3724:
3279:
3232:
3210:
6016:
4249:
2108:
6287:
6256:
6237:
6218:
5985:
5178:
3986:
3974:
3703:
3624:
3547:
2918:
2177:
2078:
4363:(= Schriften zur Geschichte des Parlamentarismus in Thüringen. H. 15) Wartburg Verlag, Weimar 2000,
3577:
3463:
3413:
3365:
2562:
2519:
6196:
6022:
5640:
4235:
4216:
4196:
4176:
4156:
4136:
4093:
4073:
4053:
3998:
3431:
3262:
3215:
3204:
2683:
2644:
2603:
2151:
3256:
2804:
2756:
5817:
4171:
3088:
2843:
2199:
537:
3285:
3010:
1623:
6177:
5946:
4258:. p. 4. "Der wahltag ist nicht überliefert... er fallt vielmehr zwischen 12. und 24. mai 919".
3898:
3383:
2037:
1815:
1668:
1411:
30:
4418:
6312:
5963:
5911:
5883:
3964:
3893:
In the Middle Ages, the king did not assume the title "emperor" (from 982 the full title was
1576:
1135:
898:
4254:
3043:
Son of Maria
Theresa I and Francis I; King of Germany under his mother and father 1764–1765
2402:
6209:
6163:
6044:
5974:
5951:
5921:
4275:
Medieval
Europeans: studies in ethnic identity and national perspectives in medieval Europe
3334:
3290:
2953:
2441:
2369:
2363:
2118:
1838:
According to some historians, Adolf's election was preceded by the short-lived kingship of
1682:
1659:
1606:
1444:
918:
891:
3862:, in order to brand him as a foreigner. The kings reacted by consistently using the title
2235:
8:
5990:
5980:
5968:
5806:
5777:
5762:
5748:
5394:
5002:
4118:
3887:
3441:
2298:
2252:
2160:
2061:
1914:
1861:
1768:
1711:
1707:
1518:
434:
380:
345:
322:
270:
179:
98:
692:
6005:
5896:
5833:
5797:
4231:
4191:
4151:
4131:
4068:
4048:
4034:
3969:
3878:
3867:
3552:
3388:
3339:
3191:
3122:
2086:
1999:
1928:
1222:
970:
683:
643:
573:
49:
4255:
Die Regesten des Kaiserreichs unter den Herrschern aus dem Sæchsischen Hause, 919-1024
3793:
3649:
3349:
3238:
5838:
5767:
5689:
5684:
5622:
5227:
4483:
4424:
4384:
4364:
4323:
4298:
4108:
4028:
3582:
3468:
3418:
3370:
2324:
1870:
1839:
1794:
1476:
1129:
315:
222:
73:
5677:
1290:
927:
6033:
5931:
5811:
5757:
5563:
4497:
3832:
3496:
2546:
2512:
2288:
2193:
2145:
1992:
1943:
1897:
1855:
1586:
1296:
635:
504:
466:
293:
253:
241:
202:
198:
136:
61:
530:
5890:
5782:
5772:
5094:
4493:
4023:
3981:
3629:
3486:
1824:
1062:
934:
361:
249:
159:
3562:
2395:
2281:
1438:
5916:
5847:
5823:
5518:
4343:
on 28 March 1849, but refused the crown on 28 April 1849. Manfred Botzenhart:
3949:
3883:
3450:
3274:
3227:
1163:
823:
762:
615:
53:
2555:
1762:
428:
216:
6281:
6247:
5548:
5506:
5464:
4357:
Anlage II: Additional-Akte zu dem Entwurf der Verfassung des Deutschen Reichs
3906:
3186:
2274:
2174:
Son of Charles IV; king of Germany under his father 1376–1378; deposed 1400;
2082:
1755:
1352:
305:
206:
81:
2676:
2356:
1802:
5792:
5743:
5542:
5530:
5524:
5500:
5494:
5428:
5076:
5014:
4982:
4922:
4910:
4773:
4729:
3807:
3768:
3729:
3664:
3534:
3514:
2094:
1569:
1100:
1027:
King of Germany under his father, 1099–1105, forced his father to abdicate
557:
263:
245:
45:
1848:
498:
5957:
5671:
5571:
5536:
5482:
5470:
5452:
5440:
5416:
5170:
4916:
4880:
4820:
4761:
4113:
2971:
2797:
2208:
2101:
1985:
1965:
1640:
1525:
1370:
1256:
954:
163:
3754:
3659:
3509:
3125:
1804–1835; President of the German Confederation (1815-1835), died 1835
6266:
5632:
5476:
5458:
5434:
5374:
5356:
5336:
5147:
5141:
4973:
4850:
4832:
4767:
4706:
4693:
4664:
4619:
4576:
4553:
3859:
3782:
3164:
396:
5704:
2186:
1936:
724:
173:
130:
5512:
5488:
5330:
5300:
5282:
5270:
5117:
5099:
5020:
5008:
4952:
4844:
4785:
4720:
4701:
4683:
4675:
4302:
3715:
3639:
3398:
1692:
1535:
1404:
963:
639:
297:
4452:
2138:
6153:
5599:
5581:
5422:
5410:
5342:
5324:
5318:
5306:
5294:
5276:
5246:
5188:
5153:
5129:
5123:
5089:
4898:
4892:
4886:
4868:
4862:
4856:
4797:
4737:
4629:
4624:
4592:
4586:
4542:
4518:
2044:
2009:
1777:
1616:
1324:
4285:
4283:
1979:
Grandson of Rudolf I; rival king to Frederick the Fair, 1314–1322
791:
355:
5664:
5446:
5404:
5368:
5362:
5264:
5258:
5252:
5240:
5234:
5159:
5135:
5109:
5043:
5037:
4990:
4946:
4940:
4874:
4838:
4826:
4814:
4791:
4749:
4743:
4645:
4639:
4532:
3828:
3827:
The Kingdom of Germany started out as the eastern section of the
3243:
2473:
2228:
1890:
1511:
65:
1809:
652:
5651:
5385:
5312:
5214:
5208:
5055:
5049:
4755:
4280:
2836:
857:
608:
301:
3835:
in 843. The rulers of the eastern area thus called themselves
5608:
5220:
4934:
4928:
4904:
4779:
4656:
4611:
4420:
The Last Knight: The Art, Armor, and Ambition of Maximilian I
3268:
2869:
Son of Leopold I; King of Germany under his father 1690–1705
5061:
4958:
4345:
Deutscher Parlamentarismus in der Revolutionszeit 1848–1850
36:
4379:
4377:
2075:
Grandson of Henry VII; rival king to Louis IV, 1346–1347;
40:
German kingdom (blue) in the Holy Roman Empire around 1000
3121:
Son of Leopold II; Dissolved the Holy Roman Empire; also
304:, from 882 in the entire Eastern Kingdom; from 879, also
3596:
3136:
4374:
1088:
He was Lothair II of Germany, but Lothair III of Italy
680:
Otto by the grace of God King under his father 961–973;
2428:
4th in descent from Albert I; 2nd cousin of Albert II
5393:
3936:. Rival kings, anti-kings, and junior co-regents are
1884:
Son of Rudolf I; Rival king to Adolf of Nassau, 1298
4277:
By Alfred P. Smyth, Palgrave Macmillan (1998), p. 64
642:; crowned as Otto by the grace of God King; crowned
2957:. Great-great-grandson of Ferdinand II; Husband of
3306:
993:King of Italy, 1093–1098, 1095–1101 in rebellion.
851:King (of the Germans?) under his father 1028–1039
6279:
1155:Previously rival king to Lothair III 1127–1135
579:
4361:150 Jahre Erfurter Unionsparlament (1850–2000)
4347:. Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 1977, pp. 697/698.
3909:. After this, he would ride on to Rome and be
2312:Nephew of Charles IV; rival king to Sigismund
718:Son of Otto II; Otto by the grace of God King
567:
5720:
4468:
1350:Great grandson of Lothair III, member of the
6298:Lists of political office-holders in Germany
3846:("king of the East Franks"), and later just
3131:
2631:King of Germany under his father, 1575–1576
1464:King of Germany under his father, 1237–1250
1432:King of Germany under his father, 1220–1235
991:King of Germany under his father, 1087–1098,
885:King of Germany under his father, 1054–1056
4406:Germany - Britannica Educational Publishing
3678:
3181:Protector of the Confederation of the Rhine
2750:King of Germany under his father 1636–1637
2590:King of Germany under his father 1562–1564
1250:King of Germany under his father 1169–1190
1184:King of Germany under his father 1147–1150
5727:
5713:
4475:
4461:
3491:(Friedrich Wilhelm IV., König von Preußen)
1314:Son of Frederick I; rival king to Otto IV
1153:Grandson of Henry IV (through his mother);
529:
44:This is a list of monarchs who ruled over
4417:Terjanian, Pierre, ed. (2 October 2019).
4416:
4316:Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte seit 1789
4291:Deutsche Verfassungsgeschichte seit 1789
4270:
4268:
4266:
4264:
3557:(Franz Joseph I., Kaiser von Österreich)
2031:associate king with Louis IV, 1325–1330
1398:Rival king to Otto IV until 5 July 1215
1033:
87:
35:
5734:
5197:List of legendary kings of the Lombards
1284:King of Germany under his father, 1196
1094:
14:
6280:
4359:. In: Thüringer Landtag Erfurt (ed.):
4320:Reform und Restauration 1789 bis 1830.
4295:Reform und Restauration 1789 bis 1830.
3901:, after which he assumed the title of
3890:formally defined election proceedings.
953:Rival king to Henry IV; member of the
917:Rival king to Henry IV; member of the
634:Son of Henry I; first king crowned in
92:
5708:
4482:
4456:
4261:
3597:North German Confederation, 1867–1871
3393:(Ferdinand I., Kaiser von Österreich)
3137:Confederation of the Rhine, 1806–1813
3082:Son of Maria Theresa I and Francis I
1720:
556:Rival king to Henry I, member of the
5685:List of legendary kings of the Geats
4326:, Stuttgart 1967, pp. 625–627, 808.
1714:relinquished claims 1275, died 1284
1710:held no authority; later opposed by
390:
2318:
460:
24:
5617:List of legendary kings of Denmark
3792:
3753:
3714:
3638:
2029:rival king to Louis IV, 1314–1322;
1706:Grandson of Philip; rival king to
1553:and great-great-great grandson of
1360:; deposed, 1215; died 19 May 1218
25:
6329:
5660:List of legendary kings of Sweden
4448:
3821:
3436:(Erzherzog Johann von Österreich)
3344:(Franz I., Kaiser von Österreich)
2791:King of Germany under his father
756:
3801:
3762:
3723:
3658:
3576:
3561:
3508:
3495:
3462:
3440:
3412:
3397:
3364:
3348:
3284:
3267:
3237:
3220:
3185:
3173:
3094:
3087:
3055:
3048:
3016:
3009:
2977:
2970:
2924:
2917:
2881:
2874:
2842:
2835:
2803:
2796:
2762:
2755:
2721:
2714:
2682:
2675:
2643:
2636:
2602:
2595:
2561:
2554:
2518:
2511:
2479:
2472:
2440:
2433:
2401:
2394:
2362:
2355:
2280:
2273:
2234:
2227:
2192:
2185:
2144:
2137:
2100:
2093:
2043:
2036:
1991:
1984:
1942:
1935:
1896:
1889:
1854:
1847:
1808:
1801:
1761:
1754:
1674:
1667:
1622:
1615:
1568:
1561:
1517:
1510:
1437:
1403:
1369:
1323:
1289:
1255:
1221:
1189:
1128:
1061:
998:
962:
926:
890:
856:
822:
790:
723:
691:
651:
607:
497:
427:
354:
314:
262:
215:
172:
129:
6308:Early modern history of Germany
4410:
4399:
4390:
4350:
4329:
4308:
4243:
4224:
4204:
4004:List of monarchs of Württemberg
3960:List of German monarchs in 1918
3788:Friedrich Wilhelm Viktor Albert
3749:Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Karl
3307:German Confederation, 1815–1866
1842:. See his article for details.
817:Great-great-grandson of Otto I
4423:. Metropolitan Museum of Art.
4184:
4164:
4144:
4124:
4101:
4081:
4061:
4041:
4016:
3955:Family tree of German monarchs
3634:(Wilhelm I, König von Preußen)
2222:Great-grandnephew of Louis IV
1470:
13:
1:
4633:
4600:
4596:
4580:
4567:
4563:
4558:
4536:
4523:
4509:
4501:
4387:, Stuttgart 1988, S. 750/751.
4371:, S. 27–44, here pp. 185–187.
2387:4th in descent from Albert I;
2328:
1724:
1480:
1104:
1037:
766:
583:
470:
400:
332:
286:
146:
102:
4009:
3895:Imperator Augustus Romanorum
3355:Head of the presiding power
580:Ottonian dynasty (continued)
7:
6303:Medieval history of Germany
6293:Lists of monarchs in Europe
4341:Frankfurt National Assembly
3994:List of monarchs of Prussia
3943:
3655:North German Confederation
3568:Head of the presiding power
3458:revolutionary German Empire
3404:Head of the presiding power
3004:Husband of Maria Theresa I
568:Holy Roman Empire, 962–1806
10:
6334:
6229:North German Confederation
6145:Confederation of the Rhine
5590:List of monarchs of Frisia
3882:a group of princes called
3280:Confederation of the Rhine
3233:Confederation of the Rhine
2322:
1866:(Albrecht I. von Habsburg)
1474:
1098:
760:
750:Great-grandson of Henry I
737:(Heinrich II. der Heilige)
464:
394:
96:
28:
6246:
6227:
6208:
6186:
6162:
6143:
5832:
5791:
5742:
5650:
5631:
5607:
5598:
5580:
5562:
5384:
5187:
5179:List of kings of Burgundy
5169:
5108:
5075:
5030:
4981:
4972:
4807:
4728:
4719:
4692:
4674:
4655:
4610:
4552:
4517:
4490:
4107:Enumerated after Emperor
3987:List of rulers of Bavaria
3975:List of rulers of Austria
3844:rex Francorum orientalium
3831:, which was split by the
3697:
3694:
3691:
3688:
3685:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3609:
3606:
3603:
3507:
3494:
3480:
3328:
3325:
3322:
3319:
3316:
3313:
3158:
3155:
3152:
3149:
3146:
3143:
3132:Modern Germany, 1806–1918
2965:
2912:
2349:
2346:
2343:
2340:
2337:
2331:
2132:Rival king to Charles IV
2114:(Günther von Schwarzburg)
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1727:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1483:
1364:
1318:
1203:(Friedrich I. Barbarossa)
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
784:
781:
778:
775:
772:
769:
686:in his father's lifetime
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
586:
488:
485:
482:
479:
476:
473:
418:
415:
412:
409:
406:
403:
120:
117:
114:
111:
108:
105:
6197:Archduke John of Austria
5641:Petty kingdoms of Norway
4250:Böhmer, Johann Friedrich
4236:Neue Deutsche Biographie
4217:Encyclopaedia Britannica
4197:Neue Deutsche Biographie
4177:Encyclopaedia Britannica
4157:Neue Deutsche Biographie
4137:Neue Deutsche Biographie
4094:Encyclopaedia Britannica
4074:Neue Deutsche Biographie
4054:Neue Deutsche Biographie
3999:List of rulers of Saxony
3842:("king of the Franks"),
3710:Wilhelm Friedrich Ludwig
3679:German Empire, 1871–1918
3432:Archduke John of Austria
3205:Karl Theodor von Dalberg
2709:Grandson of Ferdinand I
2389:son-in-law of Sigismund
2334:
2204:(Ruprecht von der Pfalz)
2200:Rupert of the Palatinate
1773:(Rudolf I. von Habsburg)
1730:
1662:held no real authority.
1486:
904:(Rudolf von Rheinfelden)
522:Elected by the nobility
509:(Heinrich I. der Vogler)
452:Elected by the nobility
123:
4496:(ca. 3,000 BC–500 AD),
3932:Emperors are listed in
2961:, daughter of Joseph I
2109:Günther von Schwarzburg
4337:Emperor of the Germans
3899:Iron Crown of Lombardy
3797:
3758:
3719:
3643:
3527:Presidium of the Union
3503:Emperor of the Germans
2005:(Friedrich der Schöne)
1688:(Alfons von Kastilien)
1636:(Richard von Cornwall)
1301:(Philipp von Schwaben)
1198:Frederick I Barbarossa
276: (Karl der Dicke)
57:
41:
31:List of Frankish kings
5667:(9th–12th centuries)
4504:300–538 AD), and the
4049:"Ludwig der Deutsche"
3965:List of German queens
3874:, for clarity's sake)
3796:
3757:
3718:
3642:
3257:Eugène de Beauharnais
3209:Prince-Archbishop of
3168:Emperor of the French
2830:Son of Ferdinand III
2789:Son of Ferdinand III;
2670:Son of Maximilian II
2629:Son of Maximilian II;
1582:(Wilhelm von Holland)
1475:Further information:
1216:Nephew of Conrad III
1034:Supplinburger dynasty
899:Rudolf of Rheinfelden
223:Louis III the Younger
142:(Ludwig der Deutsche)
88:East Francia, 843–962
39:
6210:German Confederation
6164:German Confederation
5619:(7th–10th centuries)
4314:Ernst Rudolf Huber:
4289:Ernst Rudolf Huber:
3482:Frederick William IV
2954:House of Wittelsbach
2748:Son of Ferdinand II;
2176:also by inheritance
1840:Conrad, Duke of Teck
1462:Son of Frederick II;
1430:Son of Frederick II;
1095:Hohenstaufen dynasty
344:Illegitimate son of
328:(Arnulf von Kärnten)
227:(Ludwig der Jüngere)
18:King of East Francia
6318:Monarchy in Germany
5749:Carolingian dynasty
5736:Monarchs of Germany
5205:(5th-6th centuries)
5199:(3rd-4th centuries)
5003:Theodoric the Great
4119:Charles II the Bald
3888:Golden Bull of 1356
2588:Son of Ferdinand I;
2156:(Wenzel von Böhmen)
1708:Richard of Cornwall
1631:Richard of Cornwall
1356:; later opposed by
1248:Son of Frederick I;
665:(Otto II. der Rote)
621:(Otto I. der Große)
381:Arnulf of Carinthia
323:Arnulf of Carinthia
271:Charles III the Fat
137:Louis II the German
99:Carolingian dynasty
93:Carolingian dynasty
5834:Kingdom of Germany
5798:Kingdom of Germany
4192:"Ludwing das Kind"
4035:Louis I of Germany
3970:Emperor of Austria
3879:Kingdom of Germany
3868:king of the Romans
3798:
3759:
3720:
3644:
3553:Emperor of Austria
3389:Emperor of Austria
3340:Emperor of Austria
3123:Emperor of Austria
3076:30 September 1790
3073:30 September 1790
2998:13 September 1745
2995:13 September 1745
2294:(Jobst von Mähren)
2268:Son of Charles IV
2087:Holy Roman Emperor
2022:28 September 1322/
2000:Frederick the Fair
1961:(Ludwig der Bayer)
1929:Holy Roman Emperor
1820:(Adolf von Nassau)
1721:Changing dynasties
1683:Alfonso of Castile
1660:Alfonso of Castile
1654:Brother-in-law of
1577:William of Holland
1245:28 September 1197
1182:Son of Conrad III;
1079:13 September 1125
950:28 September 1088
940:(Hermann von Salm)
732:Henry II the Saint
644:Holy Roman Emperor
574:King of the Romans
505:Henry I the Fowler
362:Louis IV the Child
140:
50:Kingdom of Germany
42:
6275:
6274:
6201:
6200:(Imperial Regent)
5839:Holy Roman Empire
5768:Louis the Younger
5702:
5701:
5698:
5697:
5690:King of the Goths
5643:(6th–9th century)
5623:King of the Wends
5558:
5557:
5071:
5070:
4968:
4967:
4715:
4714:
4506:Germanic Iron Age
4484:Germanic monarchs
4430:978-1-58839-674-7
4385:Kohlhammer Verlag
4324:Kohlhammer Verlag
4299:Kohlhammer Verlag
4109:Charles the Great
4029:Louis I of France
3819:
3818:
3815:28 November 1918
3789:
3750:
3711:
3676:
3675:
3635:
3594:
3593:
3583:Habsburg-Lorraine
3558:
3542:29 November 1850
3492:
3476:20 December 1849
3469:Habsburg-Lorraine
3437:
3419:Habsburg-Lorraine
3394:
3371:Habsburg-Lorraine
3345:
3304:
3303:
3129:
3128:
3109:
3070:
3040:20 February 1790
3031:
2992:
2939:
2908:Son of Leopold I
2896:
2857:
2818:
2777:
2742:15 February 1637
2739:22 December 1636
2736:
2706:15 February 1637
2697:
2658:
2617:
2579:22 November 1562
2576:
2533:
2494:
2458:16 February 1486
2455:
2416:
2375:
2325:House of Habsburg
2316:
2315:
2295:
2257:10 September 1410
2249:
2205:
2157:
2115:
2072:29 November 1378
2058:
2016:5 September 1325
2006:
1962:
1919:27 November 1308
1911:
1867:
1821:
1783:29 September 1273
1774:
1718:
1717:
1689:
1637:
1583:
1546:16 February 1247
1532:
1477:Interregnum (HRE)
1468:
1467:
1450:
1418:
1417:(Heinrich (VII.))
1393:26 December 1250
1390:22 November 1220
1384:
1338:
1302:
1270:
1236:
1204:
1170:
1150:15 February 1152
1141:
1092:
1091:
1076:
1031:
1030:
1013:
976:
941:
905:
883:Son of Henry III;
880:31 December 1105
871:
849:Son of Conrad II;
843:25 December 1046
837:
808:8 September 1024
805:
754:
753:
738:
706:
666:
622:
565:
564:
544:
543:(Arnulf der Böse)
510:
458:
457:
440:
391:Conradine dynasty
388:
387:
376:24 September 911
367:
366:(Ludwig das Kind)
329:
277:
252:; from 880, also
228:
205:; from 876, also
185:
143:
74:Holy Roman Empire
58:Regnum Teutonicum
16:(Redirected from
6325:
6288:Kings in Germany
6199:
5758:Louis the German
5729:
5722:
5715:
5706:
5705:
5605:
5604:
5391:
5390:
4979:
4978:
4726:
4725:
4672:
4671:
4635:
4602:
4598:
4582:
4569:
4565:
4560:
4538:
4525:
4511:
4503:
4498:Migration Period
4477:
4470:
4463:
4454:
4453:
4442:
4441:
4439:
4437:
4414:
4408:
4403:
4397:
4394:
4388:
4381:
4372:
4354:
4348:
4333:
4327:
4312:
4306:
4287:
4278:
4272:
4259:
4247:
4241:
4240:
4228:
4222:
4221:
4220:. 22 March 2024.
4208:
4202:
4201:
4188:
4182:
4181:
4168:
4162:
4161:
4148:
4142:
4141:
4128:
4122:
4105:
4099:
4098:
4097:. 22 March 2024.
4085:
4079:
4078:
4065:
4059:
4058:
4045:
4039:
4020:
3872:kings of Germany
3856:rex teutonicorum
3833:Treaty of Verdun
3829:Frankish kingdom
3805:
3787:
3766:
3748:
3727:
3709:
3683:
3682:
3662:
3633:
3601:
3600:
3580:
3571:(Präsidialmacht)
3565:
3556:
3548:Francis Joseph I
3512:
3499:
3490:
3466:
3444:
3435:
3416:
3407:(Präsidialmacht)
3401:
3392:
3368:
3358:(Präsidialmacht)
3352:
3343:
3311:
3310:
3295:26 October 1813
3288:
3271:
3251:26 October 1813
3241:
3224:
3199:19 October 1813
3189:
3177:
3141:
3140:
3107:
3098:
3091:
3068:
3059:
3052:
3029:
3020:
3013:
2990:
2981:
2974:
2948:20 January 1745
2945:24 January 1742
2942:24 January 1742
2937:
2928:
2921:
2905:20 October 1740
2902:12 October 1711
2899:12 October 1711
2894:
2885:
2878:
2860:23 January 1690
2855:
2846:
2839:
2816:
2807:
2800:
2775:
2766:
2759:
2735:(Ferdinand III.)
2734:
2725:
2718:
2695:
2686:
2679:
2656:
2647:
2640:
2626:20 January 1612
2623:12 October 1576
2620:27 October 1575
2615:
2606:
2599:
2585:12 October 1576
2575:(Maximilian II.)
2574:
2565:
2558:
2547:Aachen Cathedral
2531:
2522:
2515:
2492:
2483:
2476:
2464:12 January 1519
2461:4 February 1508
2453:
2444:
2437:
2419:2 February 1440
2415:(Friedrich III.)
2414:
2405:
2398:
2384:27 October 1439
2373:
2366:
2359:
2329:
2319:Habsburg dynasty
2293:
2289:Jobst of Moravia
2284:
2277:
2265:9 December 1437
2247:
2238:
2231:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2155:
2148:
2141:
2123:30 January 1349
2113:
2104:
2097:
2056:
2047:
2040:
2027:Son of Albert I;
2024:13 January 1330
2014:19 October 1314/
2004:
1995:
1988:
1976:11 October 1347
1973:17 January 1328
1970:20 October 1314
1960:
1946:
1939:
1909:
1900:
1893:
1865:
1858:
1851:
1819:
1812:
1805:
1784:
1772:
1765:
1758:
1725:
1687:
1678:
1671:
1645:13 January 1257
1635:
1626:
1619:
1597:28 January 1256
1581:
1572:
1565:
1531:(Heinrich Raspe)
1530:
1521:
1514:
1481:
1448:
1441:
1416:
1407:
1396:Son of Henry VI;
1387:5 December 1212
1382:
1373:
1344:21 October 1209
1336:
1327:
1300:
1297:Philip of Swabia
1293:
1282:Son of Henry VI;
1268:
1259:
1234:
1225:
1202:
1193:
1169:(Heinrich (VI.))
1168:
1139:
1132:
1105:
1085:4 December 1137
1074:
1065:
1038:
1025:Son of Henry IV;
1011:
1002:
989:Son of Henry IV;
974:
966:
939:
930:
914:15 October 1080
903:
894:
869:
860:
835:
826:
803:
794:
767:
736:
727:
715:21 January 1002
709:25 December 983
704:
695:
672:25 December 967
664:
655:
636:Aachen Cathedral
620:
616:Otto I the Great
611:
584:
542:
533:
513:14 / 24 May 919
508:
501:
471:
467:Ottonian dynasty
461:Ottonian dynasty
449:23 December 918
443:10 November 911
438:
431:
401:
365:
358:
335:27 November 887
334:
327:
318:
294:Louis the German
289:17 November 887
288:
283:12 February 881
275:
266:
242:Louis the German
226:
219:
199:Louis the German
183:
176:
162:and grandson of
148:
141:
133:
103:
21:
6333:
6332:
6328:
6327:
6326:
6324:
6323:
6322:
6278:
6277:
6276:
6271:
6242:
6223:
6204:
6182:
6158:
6139:
6006:Frederick (III)
5837:
5828:
5796:
5787:
5783:Louis the Child
5773:Charles the Fat
5747:
5738:
5733:
5703:
5694:
5646:
5627:
5594:
5576:
5554:
5397:
5380:
5203:Lething Dynasty
5183:
5165:
5104:
5067:
5026:
4964:
4803:
4711:
4688:
4670:
4651:
4606:
4562:
4556:
4548:
4521:
4513:
4486:
4481:
4451:
4446:
4445:
4435:
4433:
4431:
4415:
4411:
4404:
4400:
4395:
4391:
4382:
4375:
4355:
4351:
4334:
4330:
4313:
4309:
4288:
4281:
4273:
4262:
4248:
4244:
4230:
4229:
4225:
4210:
4209:
4205:
4190:
4189:
4185:
4170:
4169:
4165:
4150:
4149:
4145:
4130:
4129:
4125:
4106:
4102:
4087:
4086:
4082:
4067:
4066:
4062:
4047:
4046:
4042:
4024:Louis the Pious
4021:
4017:
4012:
3982:King of Bavaria
3946:
3911:crowned emperor
3824:
3806:
3786:
3767:
3747:
3734:1 January 1871
3728:
3708:
3681:
3672:1 January 1871
3663:
3654:
3650:Bundespräsidium
3632:
3630:King of Prussia
3628:
3599:
3590:24 August 1866
3581:
3569:
3555:
3551:
3528:
3513:
3489:
3487:King of Prussia
3485:
3467:
3455:
3434:
3417:
3405:
3391:
3387:
3369:
3342:
3338:
3309:
3299:
3289:
3278:
3260:
3242:
3231:
3213:
3208:
3190:
3169:
3167:
3139:
3134:
3106:
3067:
3037:18 August 1765
3028:
3001:18 August 1765
2989:
2936:
2893:
2854:
2815:
2790:
2776:(Ferdinand IV.)
2774:
2749:
2733:
2703:28 August 1619
2700:28 August 1619
2696:(Ferdinand II.)
2694:
2655:
2630:
2614:
2589:
2573:
2539:27 August 1556
2536:5 January 1531
2530:
2491:
2454:(Maximilian I.)
2452:
2425:19 August 1493
2413:
2388:
2372:
2327:
2321:
2309:8 January 1411
2303:1 October 1410
2292:
2258:
2246:
2213:21 August 1400
2202:
2178:King of Bohemia
2175:
2171:20 August 1400
2154:
2112:
2079:King of Bohemia
2076:
2055:
2030:
2028:
2023:
2015:
2003:
1959:
1954:
1925:24 August 1313
1910:(Heinrich VII.)
1908:
1864:
1818:
1816:Adolf of Nassau
1782:
1771:
1723:
1686:
1634:
1591:3 October 1247
1580:
1529:
1479:
1473:
1463:
1447:
1431:
1415:
1397:
1383:(Friedrich II.)
1381:
1335:
1299:
1283:
1269:(Friedrich II.)
1267:
1249:
1239:15 August 1169
1233:
1201:
1183:
1167:
1154:
1138:
1103:
1097:
1073:
1036:
1026:
1016:6 January 1099
1010:
992:
990:
973:
938:
935:Hermann of Salm
902:
884:
868:
850:
846:5 October 1056
836:(Heinrich III.)
834:
802:
765:
759:
735:
703:
681:
679:
675:7 December 983
663:
660:Otto II the Red
628:2 February 962
619:
582:
570:
541:
538:Arnulf the Evil
507:
469:
463:
437:
399:
393:
370:8 December 899
364:
341:8 December 899
326:
280:20 January 882
274:
237:20 January 882
225:
182:
160:Louis the Pious
158:Son of Emperor
139:
101:
95:
90:
66:Frankish Empire
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6331:
6321:
6320:
6315:
6310:
6305:
6300:
6295:
6290:
6273:
6272:
6270:
6269:
6264:
6259:
6253:
6251:
6244:
6243:
6241:
6240:
6234:
6232:
6225:
6224:
6222:
6221:
6219:Franz Joseph I
6215:
6213:
6206:
6205:
6203:
6202:
6193:
6191:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6180:
6175:
6169:
6167:
6160:
6159:
6157:
6156:
6150:
6148:
6141:
6140:
6138:
6137:
6132:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6102:
6097:
6092:
6087:
6082:
6077:
6072:
6067:
6062:
6057:
6052:
6047:
6042:
6037:
6030:
6025:
6020:
6013:
6008:
6003:
5998:
5993:
5988:
5983:
5978:
5971:
5966:
5961:
5954:
5949:
5944:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5924:
5919:
5914:
5909:
5907:Lothair II/III
5904:
5899:
5894:
5887:
5880:
5875:
5870:
5865:
5860:
5855:
5850:
5844:
5842:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5826:
5821:
5814:
5809:
5803:
5801:
5789:
5788:
5786:
5785:
5780:
5775:
5770:
5765:
5760:
5754:
5752:
5740:
5739:
5732:
5731:
5724:
5717:
5709:
5700:
5699:
5696:
5695:
5693:
5692:
5687:
5682:
5681:
5680:
5678:House of Munsö
5675:
5662:
5656:
5654:
5648:
5647:
5645:
5644:
5637:
5635:
5629:
5628:
5626:
5625:
5620:
5613:
5611:
5602:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5592:
5586:
5584:
5578:
5577:
5575:
5574:
5568:
5566:
5560:
5559:
5556:
5555:
5553:
5552:
5546:
5540:
5534:
5528:
5522:
5519:Childebert III
5516:
5510:
5504:
5498:
5492:
5486:
5480:
5474:
5468:
5462:
5456:
5450:
5444:
5438:
5432:
5426:
5420:
5414:
5408:
5401:
5399:
5388:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5372:
5366:
5360:
5354:
5348:
5340:
5334:
5328:
5322:
5316:
5310:
5304:
5298:
5292:
5286:
5280:
5274:
5268:
5262:
5256:
5250:
5244:
5238:
5232:
5224:
5218:
5212:
5206:
5200:
5193:
5191:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5181:
5175:
5173:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5157:
5151:
5145:
5139:
5133:
5127:
5121:
5114:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5103:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5081:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5069:
5068:
5066:
5065:
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870:(Heinrich IV.)
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763:Salian dynasty
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6268:
6265:
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6262:Frederick III
6260:
6258:
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6248:German Empire
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6070:Maximilian II
6068:
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6050:Frederick III
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5549:Childeric III
5547:
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5538:
5535:
5532:
5529:
5526:
5523:
5520:
5517:
5514:
5511:
5508:
5507:Theuderic III
5505:
5502:
5499:
5496:
5493:
5490:
5487:
5484:
5481:
5478:
5475:
5472:
5469:
5466:
5465:Childebert II
5463:
5460:
5457:
5454:
5451:
5448:
5445:
5442:
5439:
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5427:
5425:(481/482–511)
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5413:(445/448–457)
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5407:(428–445/448)
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4393:
4386:
4380:
4378:
4370:
4369:3-86160-515-5
4366:
4362:
4358:
4353:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4332:
4325:
4322:2nd edition,
4321:
4317:
4311:
4305:1967, p. 589.
4304:
4300:
4297:2nd edition,
4296:
4292:
4286:
4284:
4276:
4271:
4269:
4267:
4265:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4246:
4238:
4237:
4233:
4227:
4219:
4218:
4213:
4207:
4199:
4198:
4193:
4187:
4179:
4178:
4173:
4167:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4147:
4139:
4138:
4133:
4127:
4120:
4116:
4115:
4110:
4104:
4096:
4095:
4090:
4084:
4076:
4075:
4070:
4064:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4044:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4019:
4015:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3988:
3985:
3984:
3983:
3980:
3976:
3973:
3972:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3941:
3939:
3935:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3915:
3912:
3908:
3907:king of Italy
3904:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3889:
3885:
3880:
3876:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3864:rex Romanorum
3861:
3857:
3853:
3849:
3845:
3841:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3825:
3814:
3812:15 June 1888
3811:
3809:
3804:
3800:
3795:
3791:
3785:
3784:
3780:
3779:
3776:15 June 1888
3775:
3773:9 March 1888
3772:
3770:
3765:
3761:
3756:
3752:
3746:
3745:
3744:Friedrich III
3741:
3740:
3737:9 March 1888
3736:
3733:
3731:
3726:
3722:
3717:
3713:
3707:
3706:
3702:
3701:
3684:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3661:
3657:
3652:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3637:
3631:
3626:
3623:
3622:
3602:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3579:
3575:
3572:
3567:
3564:
3560:
3554:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3536:
3532:
3526:
3525:
3521:
3519:28 March 1849
3518:
3516:
3511:
3504:
3501:
3498:
3488:
3483:
3479:
3475:
3473:12 July 1848
3472:
3470:
3465:
3461:
3459:
3454:
3452:
3446:
3443:
3439:
3433:
3430:
3429:
3426:12 July 1848
3425:
3423:2 March 1835
3422:
3420:
3415:
3411:
3408:
3403:
3400:
3396:
3390:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3378:2 March 1835
3377:
3375:20 June 1815
3374:
3372:
3367:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3341:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3312:
3297:
3294:
3292:
3287:
3283:
3281:
3276:
3273:
3270:
3266:
3264:
3258:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3248:25 July 1806
3247:
3245:
3240:
3236:
3234:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3217:
3212:
3206:
3203:
3202:
3198:
3196:12 July 1806
3195:
3193:
3188:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3176:
3172:
3166:
3163:
3162:
3142:
3124:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3111:
3105:
3104:
3100:
3097:
3093:
3090:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3079:1 March 1792
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:(Leopold II.)
3066:
3065:
3061:
3058:
3054:
3051:
3047:
3046:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3022:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2980:
2976:
2973:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2960:
2956:
2955:
2950:
2947:
2944:
2941:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2892:
2891:
2887:
2884:
2880:
2877:
2873:
2872:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2853:
2852:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2834:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2824:18 July 1658
2823:
2821:18 July 1658
2820:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2806:
2802:
2799:
2795:
2794:
2788:
2785:
2782:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2768:
2765:
2761:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2747:
2745:2 April 1657
2744:
2741:
2738:
2732:
2731:
2730:Ferdinand III
2727:
2724:
2720:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2688:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2666:
2664:13 June 1612
2663:
2661:13 June 1612
2660:
2654:
2653:
2649:
2646:
2642:
2639:
2635:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2587:
2584:
2582:25 July 1564
2581:
2578:
2572:
2571:
2570:Maximilian II
2567:
2564:
2560:
2557:
2553:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2542:25 July 1564
2541:
2538:
2535:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2521:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2502:
2500:28 June 1519
2499:
2497:28 June 1519
2496:
2490:
2489:
2485:
2482:
2478:
2475:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2463:
2460:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2443:
2439:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2427:
2424:
2421:
2418:
2412:
2411:
2410:Frederick III
2407:
2404:
2400:
2397:
2393:
2392:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2361:
2358:
2354:
2353:
2335:Coat of arms
2330:
2326:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2283:
2279:
2276:
2272:
2271:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2256:
2254:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2240:
2237:
2233:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2218:
2215:
2212:
2210:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2195:
2191:
2188:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2167:
2165:10 June 1376
2164:
2162:
2159:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2143:
2140:
2136:
2135:
2131:
2128:
2125:
2122:
2120:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2106:
2103:
2099:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2083:King of Italy
2080:
2074:
2071:
2069:5 April 1355
2068:
2066:11 July 1346
2065:
2063:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2049:
2046:
2042:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2026:
2021:
2018:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2002:
2001:
1997:
1994:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1945:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1933:
1930:
1927:
1924:
1922:29 June 1312
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1907:
1906:
1902:
1899:
1895:
1892:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1875:24 June 1298
1874:
1872:
1869:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1850:
1846:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1835:23 June 1298
1834:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1804:
1800:
1799:
1796:
1793:First of the
1792:
1790:15 July 1291
1789:
1786:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1770:
1767:
1764:
1760:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1731:Coat of arms
1726:
1713:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1699:
1697:1 April 1257
1696:
1694:
1691:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1670:
1666:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1651:2 April 1272
1650:
1647:
1644:
1642:
1639:
1633:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1621:
1618:
1614:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1604:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1564:
1560:
1559:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1528:
1527:
1523:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1487:Coat of arms
1482:
1478:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1436:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1414:
1413:
1409:
1406:
1402:
1401:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1380:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1368:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1353:House of Welf
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1311:21 June 1208
1310:
1307:
1305:8 March 1198
1304:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1288:
1287:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1266:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1254:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1215:
1213:10 June 1190
1212:
1210:18 June 1155
1209:
1207:4 March 1152
1206:
1200:
1199:
1195:
1192:
1188:
1187:
1181:
1179:August? 1150
1178:
1175:
1172:
1166:
1165:
1161:
1159:
1158:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1144:7 March 1138
1143:
1140:(Konrad III.)
1137:
1134:
1131:
1127:
1126:
1106:
1102:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:(Lothar III.)
1072:
1071:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1039:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:(Heinrich V.)
1009:
1008:
1004:
1001:
997:
996:
988:
986:27 July 1101
985:
982:
979:
977:
972:
968:
965:
961:
960:
956:
952:
949:
946:
943:
937:
936:
932:
929:
925:
924:
920:
916:
913:
910:
907:
901:
900:
896:
893:
889:
888:
882:
879:
876:
874:17 July 1054
873:
867:
866:
862:
859:
855:
854:
848:
845:
842:
839:
833:
832:
828:
825:
821:
820:
816:
813:
810:
807:
801:
800:
796:
793:
789:
788:
768:
764:
749:
747:13 July 1024
746:
743:
740:
734:
733:
729:
726:
722:
721:
717:
714:
711:
708:
702:
701:
697:
694:
690:
689:
685:
682:also crowned
677:
674:
671:
668:
662:
661:
657:
654:
650:
649:
645:
641:
637:
633:
630:
627:
624:
618:
617:
613:
610:
606:
605:
585:
577:
575:
561:
559:
555:
552:
549:
546:
540:
539:
535:
532:
528:
527:
524:
521:
518:
515:
512:
506:
503:
500:
496:
495:
491:
472:
468:
454:
451:
448:
445:
442:
436:
433:
430:
426:
425:
421:
402:
398:
384:
382:
378:
375:
372:
369:
363:
360:
357:
353:
352:
349:
347:
343:
340:
338:25 April 896
337:
331:
325:
324:
320:
317:
313:
312:
309:
307:
306:King of Italy
303:
299:
295:
291:
285:
282:
279:
273:
272:
268:
265:
261:
260:
257:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
236:
233:
231:22 March 880
230:
224:
221:
218:
214:
213:
210:
208:
207:King of Italy
204:
200:
196:
194:22 March 880
193:
190:
187:
181:
178:
175:
171:
170:
167:
165:
161:
157:
154:
151:
145:
138:
135:
132:
128:
127:
104:
100:
85:
83:
82:German Empire
79:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
38:
32:
27:
19:
6313:East Francia
6095:Ferdinand IV
6085:Ferdinand II
6055:Maximilian I
6032:
6015:
5973:
5958:Henry (VIII)
5956:
5942:Frederick II
5897:Conrad (III)
5889:
5882:
5816:
5793:East Francia
5744:East Francia
5735:
5670:
5543:Theuderic IV
5531:Chilperic II
5525:Dagobert III
5501:Childeric II
5495:Chlothar III
5429:Childebert I
5395:Merovingians
5345:
5226:
5077:Anglo-Saxons
5015:Amalasuintha
4911:Chindasuinth
4774:Theodoric II
4583:9 BCE–18 CE)
4561:9 BCE–37 CE,
4526:9 BCE–21 CE)
4492:Attested in
4434:. Retrieved
4419:
4412:
4401:
4392:
4360:
4356:
4352:
4344:
4336:
4331:
4319:
4315:
4310:
4294:
4290:
4274:
4253:
4245:
4234:
4226:
4215:
4206:
4195:
4186:
4175:
4166:
4155:
4146:
4135:
4126:
4112:
4103:
4092:
4083:
4072:
4063:
4052:
4043:
4033:
4027:
4018:
3937:
3933:
3931:
3917:Maximilian I
3913:by the pope.
3902:
3894:
3871:
3863:
3855:
3847:
3843:
3839:
3836:
3808:Hohenzollern
3781:
3769:Hohenzollern
3743:
3730:Hohenzollern
3704:
3669:1 July 1867
3665:Hohenzollern
3648:
3570:
3539:26 May 1849
3535:Erfurt Union
3530:
3515:Hohenzollern
3502:
3448:
3406:
3357:
3356:
3115:5 July 1792
3112:5 July 1792
3101:
3062:
3030:(Joseph II.)
3023:
2984:
2959:Maria Amalia
2952:
2931:
2888:
2849:
2817:(Leopold I.)
2810:
2786:9 July 1654
2780:31 May 1653
2771:Ferdinand IV
2769:
2728:
2691:Ferdinand II
2689:
2650:
2616:(Rudolf II.)
2609:
2568:
2525:
2486:
2449:Maximilian I
2447:
2408:
2287:
2241:
2219:18 May 1410
2180:; died 1419
2129:24 May 1349
2107:
2050:
1998:
1956:the Bavarian
1955:
1950:
1903:
1681:
1656:Frederick II
1629:
1603:Frederick II
1601:
1575:
1551:Frederick II
1540:22 May 1246
1524:
1459:21 May 1254
1449:(Konrad IV.)
1427:2 July 1235
1410:
1378:Frederick II
1376:
1358:Frederick II
1351:
1341:9 June 1198
1330:
1264:Frederick II
1262:
1228:
1196:
1162:
1101:Hohenstaufen
1082:4 June 1133
1068:
1022:23 May 1125
1005:
980:30 May 1087
969:
933:
897:
863:
829:
814:4 June 1039
804:(Konrad II.)
797:
741:7 June 1002
730:
698:
658:
614:
571:
558:Luitpoldings
536:
321:
269:
246:East Francia
78:the collapse
70:the collapse
62:the division
46:East Francia
43:
26:
6250:(1871–1918)
6231:(1867–1871)
6212:(1850–1866)
6190:(1848/1849)
6178:Ferdinand I
6166:(1815–1848)
6147:(1806–1813)
6115:Charles VII
6065:Ferdinand I
5947:Henry (VII)
5922:Frederick I
5672:Ynglingatal
5572:Agilolfings
5537:Chlothar IV
5483:Sigebert II
5471:Chlothar II
5453:Chilperic I
5441:Charibert I
5417:Childeric I
5228:Interregnum
5171:Burgundians
5120:(until 406)
4917:Recceswinth
4881:Reccared II
4821:Theudigisel
4762:Theodoric I
4539:9 BCE–9 CE)
4232:"Konrad I."
4114:Charlemagne
4089:"Louis III"
4022:His father
3925:Ferdinand I
3903:rex Italiae
3587:1 May 1850
3384:Ferdinand I
3291:Beauharnais
3108:(Franz II.)
2938:(Karl VII.)
2933:Charles VII
2863:5 May 1705
2856:(Joseph I.)
2827:5 May 1705
2527:Ferdinand I
2262:3 May 1433
2248:(Sigismund)
2209:Wittelsbach
2119:Schwarzburg
1966:Wittelsbach
1881:1 May 1308
1829:5 May 1292
1641:Plantagenet
1526:Henry Raspe
1471:Interregnum
1421:April 1220
1070:Lothair III
955:Salm family
712:21 May 996
705:(Otto III.)
669:26 May 961
625:2 July 936
572:The title "
519:2 July 936
439:(Konrad I.)
164:Charlemagne
68:in 843 and
6282:Categories
6267:William II
6154:Napoleon I
6135:Francis II
6130:Leopold II
6110:Charles VI
6023:Wenceslaus
6011:Charles IV
5917:Henry (VI)
5912:Conrad III
5841:(962–1806)
5836:within the
5746:during the
5633:Norwegians
5477:Dagobert I
5459:Sigebert I
5435:Chlothar I
5375:Desiderius
5357:Hildeprand
5337:Aripert II
5148:Thrasamund
5142:Gunthamund
4974:Ostrogoths
4871:( 610-612)
4851:Reccared I
4833:Athanagild
4808:Post-Balti
4768:Thorismund
4707:Vithimiris
4694:Greuthungi
4665:Radagaisus
4620:Ariovistus
4577:Maroboduus
4554:Marcomanni
4318:. Vol. I:
4293:. Vol. I:
4252:. (1893).
4212:"Louis IV"
4132:"Karl III"
3938:italicized
3886:, and the
3783:Wilhelm II
3211:Regensburg
3165:Napoleon I
3103:Francis II
3064:Leopold II
2991:(Franz I.)
2895:(Karl VI.)
2890:Charles VI
2657:(Matthias)
2549:. Emperor
2299:Luxembourg
2253:Luxembourg
2161:Luxembourg
2152:Wenceslaus
2062:Luxembourg
2057:(Karl IV.)
2052:Charles IV
1915:Luxembourg
1609:1247–1254
1337:(Otto IV.)
1136:Conrad III
631:7 May 973
397:Conradines
184:(Karlmann)
48:, and the
6257:William I
6238:William I
6173:Francis I
6125:Joseph II
6120:Francis I
6100:Leopold I
6075:Rudolf II
6060:Charles V
6045:Albert II
6040:Sigismund
5996:Henry VII
5952:Conrad IV
5873:Henry III
5868:Conrad II
5800:(919–962)
5795:(911–919)
5751:(843–911)
5551:(737–751)
5545:(721–737)
5539:(717–719)
5533:(715–721)
5527:(711–715)
5521:(695–711)
5515:(691–695)
5513:Clovis IV
5509:(675–691)
5503:(673–675)
5497:(657–673)
5491:(639–657)
5489:Clovis II
5485:(639–656)
5479:(623–639)
5473:(584–629)
5467:(575–595)
5461:(561–575)
5455:(561–584)
5449:(561–593)
5443:(561–567)
5437:(511–561)
5431:(511–558)
5398:(428–751)
5377:(756–774)
5371:(749–756)
5365:(744–749)
5353:(712–744)
5351:Liutprand
5339:(702–712)
5331:Raginpert
5327:(700–702)
5321:(689–700)
5309:(688–689)
5303:(671–688)
5301:Perctarit
5291:(662–671)
5285:(661–662)
5283:Perctarit
5279:(661–662)
5273:(653–661)
5271:Aripert I
5267:(652–653)
5261:(636-652)
5255:(626–636)
5249:(616–626)
5243:(590–616)
5237:(584–590)
5231:(574–584)
5223:(572–574)
5217:(568–572)
5211:(546–565)
5162:(530–534)
5156:(523–530)
5150:(496–523)
5144:(484–496)
5138:(477–484)
5132:(428–477)
5126:(407–428)
5118:Godigisel
5100:Wuffingas
5085:Genealogy
5064:(551-553)
5058:(541-552)
5046:(540-541)
5040:(536-540)
5031:Post-Amal
5023:(534-536)
5021:Theodahad
5017:(534-535)
5011:(526-534)
5009:Athalaric
5005:(475-526)
4999:(469-475)
4997:Theodemir
4993:(447-469)
4961:(714-721)
4955:(711-714)
4953:Achila II
4949:(710-712)
4943:(694-710)
4937:(687-702)
4931:(680-687)
4925:(672-680)
4919:(649-672)
4913:(642-653)
4907:(639-642)
4901:(636-639)
4895:(631-636)
4889:(621-631)
4877:(612-621)
4865:(603-610)
4859:(601-603)
4853:(586-601)
4847:(568-586)
4845:Liuvigild
4841:(567-572)
4835:(554-567)
4829:(549-554)
4823:(548-549)
4817:(531-548)
4800:(522-531)
4794:(507-513)
4788:(484-507)
4786:Alaric II
4782:(466-484)
4776:(453-466)
4770:(451-453)
4764:(418-451)
4758:(415-418)
4746:(410-415)
4740:(395-410)
4721:Visigoths
4702:Ermanaric
4684:Athanaric
4676:Thervingi
4648:(448-456)
4642:(438-448)
4533:Segimerus
4494:Antiquity
4303:Stuttgart
4069:"Karlman"
4010:Footnotes
3928:lifetime.
3921:Charles V
3840:Francorum
3705:Wilhelm I
3689:Portrait
3625:Wilhelm I
3607:Portrait
3533:) of the
3335:Francis I
3317:Portrait
3263:Frankfurt
3216:Frankfurt
3192:Bonaparte
3147:Portrait
3025:Joseph II
2986:Francis I
2812:Leopold I
2611:Rudolf II
2493:(Karl V.)
2488:Charles V
2370:Albert II
2243:Sigismund
1905:Henry VII
1795:Habsburgs
1607:Conrad IV
1536:Thuringia
1445:Conrad IV
919:Rheinfeld
831:Henry III
799:Conrad II
640:Lothair I
587:Portrait
404:Portrait
298:Alemannia
296:ruled in
244:ruled in
201:ruled in
84:in 1918:
6105:Joseph I
6080:Matthias
6001:Louis IV
5991:Albert I
5981:Rudolf I
5927:Henry VI
5878:Henry IV
5863:Henry II
5858:Otto III
5807:Conrad I
5763:Carloman
5582:Frisians
5423:Clovis I
5411:Merovech
5343:Ansprand
5325:Liutpert
5319:Cunipert
5307:Cunipert
5295:Garibald
5289:Grimoald
5277:Godepert
5247:Adaloald
5189:Lombards
5154:Hilderic
5130:Gaiseric
5124:Gunderic
5090:Iclingas
4899:Chintila
4893:Sisenand
4887:Suintila
4869:Gundemar
4863:Witteric
4857:Liuva II
4798:Amalaric
4738:Alaric I
4636:419-438)
4630:Hermeric
4625:Hunimund
4593:Ballomar
4589:(18 CE-)
4587:Catualda
4543:Arminius
4519:Cherusci
4512:476–793)
4335:Elected
4172:"Arnulf"
4152:"Arnulf"
4026:is both
3944:See also
3884:electors
3852:Henry IV
3573:Austria
3409:Austria
3360:Austria
3298:December
2851:Joseph I
2652:Matthias
2344:Emperor
2010:Habsburg
1951:Louis IV
1871:Habsburg
1862:Albert I
1778:Habsburg
1769:Rudolf I
1743:Emperor
1712:Rudolf I
1555:Henry IV
1499:Emperor
1230:Henry VI
1117:Emperor
1050:Emperor
975:(Konrad)
865:Henry IV
779:Emperor
700:Otto III
596:Emperor
483:Emperor
435:Conrad I
413:Emperor
346:Carloman
180:Carloman
115:Emperor
60:), from
6017:Günther
5975:Alfonso
5969:Richard
5964:William
5937:Otto IV
5902:Henry V
5891:Hermann
5853:Otto II
5812:Henry I
5665:Yngling
5564:Bavaria
5447:Guntram
5405:Chlodio
5369:Aistulf
5363:Ratchis
5265:Rodoald
5259:Rothari
5253:Arioald
5241:Agilulf
5235:Authari
5160:Gelimer
5136:Huneric
5110:Vandals
5044:Ildibad
5038:Vitiges
4991:Valamir
4947:Roderic
4941:Wittiza
4875:Sisebut
4839:Liuva I
4815:Theudis
4792:Gesalec
4750:Sigeric
4744:Athaulf
4646:Rechiar
4640:Rechila
4436:5 March
4339:by the
3860:Germans
3456:of the
3447:Regent
3244:Dalberg
1587:Holland
1332:Otto IV
1007:Henry V
684:emperor
646:in 962
379:Son of
292:Son of
254:Bavaria
240:Son of
203:Bavaria
197:Son of
80:of the
72:of the
64:of the
6028:Rupert
5932:Philip
5884:Rudolf
5848:Otto I
5824:Otto I
5818:Arnulf
5778:Arnulf
5652:Swedes
5386:Franks
5313:Alahis
5215:Alboin
5209:Audoin
5095:Wessex
5056:Totila
5050:Eraric
4756:Wallia
4667:(-406)
4545:(9–21)
4427:
4367:
4117:) and
3698:Ended
3695:Began
3692:House
3653:of the
3619:Ended
3616:Began
3613:House
3610:Title
3505:elect
3329:Ended
3326:Began
3323:House
3320:Title
3277:of the
3230:of the
3159:Ended
3156:Began
3153:House
3150:Title
2350:Notes
2347:Ended
2332:Image
1825:Nassau
1749:Notes
1746:Ended
1737:House
1728:Image
1505:Notes
1502:Ended
1493:House
1484:Image
1123:Notes
1120:Ended
1056:Notes
1053:Ended
971:Conrad
785:Notes
782:Ended
638:since
602:Notes
599:Ended
489:Notes
486:Ended
419:Notes
416:Ended
302:Raetia
250:Saxony
121:Notes
118:Ended
6034:Jobst
5986:Adolf
5609:Danes
5600:Norse
5359:(744)
5346:(712)
5333:(701)
5315:(689)
5297:(671)
5221:Cleph
5052:(541)
4935:Egica
4929:Erwig
4923:Wamba
4905:Tulga
4883:(621)
4827:Agila
4780:Euric
4752:(415)
4730:Balti
4657:Goths
4612:Suebi
3686:Name
3604:Name
3314:Name
3300:1813
3144:Name
2341:King
2338:Name
2077:also
1740:King
1734:Name
1703:1275
1496:King
1490:Name
1412:Henry
1347:1215
1279:1197
1273:1197
1114:King
1111:Name
1047:King
1044:Name
776:King
773:Name
593:King
590:Name
480:King
477:Name
410:King
407:Name
112:King
109:Name
54:Latin
5062:Teia
4983:Amal
4959:Ardo
4603:172)
4599:166–
4570:172)
4566:166–
4438:2022
4425:ISBN
4365:ISBN
4032:and
3934:bold
3877:The
2085:and
1605:and
553:921
547:919
3854:as
3848:rex
3837:rex
1953:(V)
492:R.
422:R.
124:R.
6284::
4634:c.
4601:c.
4597:c.
4581:c.
4568:c.
4564:c.
4559:c.
4537:c.
4524:c.
4510:c.
4502:c.
4376:^
4301:,
4282:^
4263:^
4214:.
4194:.
4174:.
4154:.
4134:.
4091:.
4071:.
4051:.
3940:.
3905:,
3866:,
2783:—
2381:—
2306:—
2216:—
2168:—
2126:—
2081:,
2019:—
1878:—
1832:—
1787:—
1700:—
1648:—
1594:—
1543:—
1456:—
1424:—
1308:—
1276:—
1176:—
1147:—
983:—
957:.
947:—
921:.
911:—
550:—
516:—
446:—
373:—
333:c.
300:,
287:c.
248:,
234:—
191:—
152:—
147:c.
56::
5728:e
5721:t
5714:v
4632:(
4595:(
4579:(
4557:(
4535:(
4522:(
4508:(
4500:(
4476:e
4469:t
4462:v
4440:.
4239:.
4200:.
4180:.
4160:.
4140:.
4121:.
4111:(
4077:.
4057:.
4038:.
3627:,
3550:,
3529:(
3484:,
3453:)
3449:(
3386:,
3337:,
3259:,
3207:,
52:(
33:.
20:)
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