306:
581:. There were many unfortunate crashes into these mountains. The bodies of crashed allied airmen were repatriated by the Irish Army at the border, where they would be met by an Allied officer. The Irish delivered the bodies in covered trucks, the coffins draped with the Union Jack and the soldiers serving as an honour guard for the deceased. A chaplain was on hand to deliver a benediction. On at least one occasion, an Allied Air Force officer thanked his Irish counterpart for the honour they bestowed upon the repatriated airmen. The Irish captain was said to reply, "Ours may be the honour, but yours is the glory."
603:(and another estimated 50,000 from Northern Ireland, and this figure does not include Irish people who were resident in Britain before the war (though many used aliases). Those who deserted the Irish Army to serve in the British Army, on returning to Ireland were stripped of all pay and pension rights, and banned for seven years from any employment paid for by state or government funds. Some 200,000 Irish migrated to England to work in the war economy— most of them stayed after the war. Those who went without proper papers were liable to be
1365:, rebuffed the forum as "drift" and "playing with fire" stating that if the triple lock where lifted it would make Ireland a member of NATO in all but name, resulting in a row between Martin and Higgins. Varadkar has insisted that the results of the forum will not cause Ireland to join NATO, but that " defence and security policy should evolve." The forum would be met with a heavy presence of anti-NATO protestors with Martin describing them as "undemocratic" and "trying to shut down debate." Additionally,
562:
was not realistic for
Luftwaffe pilots to make a similar claim. Towards the end of the war, the German embassy was unable to pay, so the internees had to work on local farms. Strict wartime press censorship had the effect of controlling a moral reaction to the war's unfolding events and reiterated the public position that Irish neutrality was morally superior to the stance of any of the combatants.
127:. Under the Air Navigation (Foreign Military Aircraft) Order, 1952, the Minister for Foreign Affairs, exceptionally, could grant permission to foreign military aircraft to overfly or land in the state. Confirmation was required that the aircraft in question be unarmed, carry no arms, ammunition or explosives and that the flights in question would not form part of military exercises or operations.
1119:." The 2015 defence white paper presupposed "a policy of military neutrality which is characterised by non-membership of military alliances and non-participation in common or mutual defence arrangements", while engaging for peacekeeping purposes with the EU and NATO. An "Institute for Peace Support and Leadership Training" is to be established at the
813:. Churchill maintained that the British government displayed restraint on the Irish state while the de Valera government were allowed to "frolic with the Germans". Churchill maintained that the British could have invaded the Irish state, but displayed "considerable restraint" in not doing so. De Valera replied to Churchill in a radio broadcast:
791:, it was left behind since the other ships could not stop for fear of becoming a target themselves. Irish ships often stopped, and they rescued more than 500 seamen, and some airmen, from many nations. However, many Irish ships were attacked by belligerents on both sides. Over 20% of Irish seamen, on clearly marked neutral vessels, died, in the
858:
either. It refused to join NATO due to its sovereignty claims over
Northern Ireland, which was administered by the United Kingdom, a NATO member. Ireland offered to set up a separate alliance with the United States but this was refused. This offer was linked in part to the $ 133 million received from
561:
into
British territory (although some Allied personnel were also interned). The internees were referred to as "guests of the nation". The German embassy had to pay for their keep. If they were on a non-combative mission they were repatriated. While it was easy for Allied pilots to make that claim, it
456:
argued "The war that is to be guarded against is a war overseas, is a war that this country may be drawn into by
Parliament, by the will of Parliament perhaps, at the instigation of perhaps Canada, or perhaps Australia, or perhaps South Africa, or perhaps Great Britain, and the last is very much the
817:
Mr. Churchill makes it clear that in certain circumstances he would have violated our neutrality and that he would justify his action by
Britain's necessity. It seems strange to me that Mr. Churchill does not see that this, if accepted, would mean that Britain's necessity would become a moral code
701:
Ireland wanted to maintain a public stance of neutrality and refused to close the German and
Japanese embassies. Unlike many other non-combatant states, Ireland did not declare war on the near-defeated Germany, and therefore did not seize any German assets. Other neutral countries like Sweden and
1032:
The majority of the Irish people have always cherished
Ireland's military neutrality, and recognise the positive values that inspire it, in peace-time as well as time of war. Neutrality has been the policy of the State in the event of armed conflict and has provided the basis for Ireland's wider
1282:
Ireland accepts
Ukrainian territorial integrity We're not politically neutral but we're militarily neutral. It's an important distinction. We're members of the European Union. We work with our European Union colleagues in terms of rules-based multilateral approaches to international
352:, who wanted total independence. Separatists generally envisaged an independent Ireland being neutral, but were prepared to ally with Britain's enemies in order to secure that independence, reflected in the maxim "England's difficulty is Ireland's opportunity". Irish leaders in the
1269:
and escalate military tensions with Russia? Why does the
Government correctly condemn Russian military exercises in Irish waters but allow the US military to use Shannon Airport ... Neutrality means not taking sides in dangerous conflicts and game-playing between major imperial
732:. According to Gray, de Valera was silent for a time and then replied "I don't know." De Valera viewed the IRA threat to the authority of the state as sufficiently significant to intern 5,000 IRA members without trial at the Curragh Camp for the duration of the war.
1245:, as Irish neutrality was "a matter of government policy only". It found that the Dáil resolution implied that the availability of Shannon did not constitute "participation" in the war, and that the courts had no power to overrule the Dáil on this question.
540:
De Valera stated in his wartime speeches that small states should stay out of the conflicts of big powers; hence
Ireland's policy was officially "neutral", and the country did not publicly declare its support for either side. In practice, while
475:. The Spanish Civil War (Non-Intervention) Act, 1937 made it an offence to travel from Ireland to Spain to fight for either side. This applied both to Irish citizens and nationals of other countries on the committee. Nevertheless, there was
1399:
made under the Control of Exports Act 1983. The 2009 order was replaced by the Control of Exports (Goods and Technology) Order 2012, which reflects the 2008 EU Common Position on Arms Exports. The 2004 Forfás report noted concerns about
969:'s opposition to the explicit mention of neutrality in a 1981 Dáil motion, stating that Haughey adopted a more pro-neutrality stance upon entering opposition later in 1981, and further in opposing sanctions against Argentina when it
1313:
was opposed by the government, calling it "unnecessary". Although, Micheál Martin stated that if the referendum had taken place he was confident it would've passed and that Ireland needs to 'reflect' on the issue of neutrality.
1240:
was that "a neutral state may not permit the movement of large numbers of troops or munitions of one belligerent State through its territory en route to a theatre of war with another", it found this was not part of Irish
627:, about German military assistance in the event of a British invasion from the north. De Valera declined Germany's offer of captured British weapons. The Germans did have a plan to simulate an invasion of Ireland called
3849:
479:
on both sides by private individuals and groups. Another statute related to the committee was the Merchant Shipping (Spanish Civil War) Act 1937, which restricted Irish shipping's access to Spain until 27 April 1939.
965:, claims that both Fianna Fáil and Fine Gael in the 1960s and 1970s accepted that European integration would eventually reach a point where Ireland would have to join in defence co-operation. FitzGerald points to
167:, nations. Ireland does not restrict its citizens from serving in foreign armies, and significant numbers of Irish citizens serve or have served in the British, and to a lesser extent United States armies and the
818:
and that when this necessity became sufficiently great, other people's rights were not to count....this same code is precisely why we have the disastrous succession of wars... shall it be world war number three?
1629:
Ireland's policy of military neutrality has long been an important strand of our independent foreign policy and is characterised by non-membership of military alliances or common or mutual defence arrangements.
1059:. O'Dea said that joining the battlegroups would not affect Ireland's traditional policy of military neutrality, and that a UN mandate would be required for all battlegroup operations with Irish participation.
693:
was surprised at the Irish reaction, which might influence Irish Americans to bring the United States into the war. Although there was a later raid on 4 May, it was confined to the docks and shipyards (see
143:
have always said that allowing aircraft to use Irish soil does not constitute participation in any particular conflict and is compatible with a neutral stance, adducing the transit of German troops between
724:; the Germans also later came to realise they had overestimated the capabilities of the IRA. The American ambassador, David Gray, stated that he once asked de Valera, early in the war, what he would do if
3246:
1298:
stated that while Ireland is not militarily aligned, the country is "not neutral at all" in relation to this conflict and that "support for Ukraine is unwavering and unconditional". Days later the
472:
3937:
224:
3193:
3601:
2899:
1303:
2729:
384:
was president of the Irish Neutrality League and was prosecuted for a banner reading "We serve neither King nor Kaiser but Ireland"; Connolly and the other leaders of the
4179:
80:". Recent Irish governments have defined it narrowly as non-membership of military defensive alliances. The compatibility of neutrality with Ireland's membership of the
702:
Switzerland expelled German embassy staff at the end of the war, as they no longer represented a state, but the German legation in Dublin was allowed to remain open.
3383:
1232:
seeking several declarations that the government, in allowing use of Shannon, had breached the state's obligations as a neutral state. While the court held that the
615:) shared information with the British military and even held secret meetings to decide what to do if Germany invaded Ireland to attack Britain, which resulted in
2885:
Dáil Éireann, Volume 114, 23 February 1949, Oral Answers – Atlantic Pact, 324 (Ceisteanna—Questions. Oral Answers. - Atlantic Pact. Wednesday, 23 February 1949)
1604:
1185:
with a running total of 120 Irish troops as trainers. The troops are provided under United Nations mandate. As of 8 June 2011, there were seven personnel there.
216:
838:. Despite MacBride's belief, the United Kingdom fully supported Ireland's applications to join the UN.(Ireland eventually joined the United Nations in 1955.)
208:
3254:
432:
stated, "Save in the case of actual invasion, the Irish Free State ... shall not be committed to active participation in any war without the assent of the
809:
Winston Churchill, the British wartime Prime Minister, made an attack on the Irish Government and in particular Éamon de Valera in his radio broadcast on
1334:
1138:
said it would participate on a case-by-case basis and membership did not compromise neutrality. Fianna Fáil supported membership; Sinn Féin, the Greens,
3737:
85:
3172:
Report on Petition P00072/12 "Investigation into US Military and CIA use of Shannon Airport and Irish Airspace" from Dr. Edward Horgan and Shannonwatch
388:
sought military aid from Germany, and some countenanced a German prince becoming king of independent Ireland. In the 1921 negotiations leading to the
2886:
2033:
2960:
2837:
to US State Department official on issue of NATO membership, 8 February 1949, National Archives of Ireland, File NAI DEA 305/74 a, Ireland and NATO
1525:
3709:
3298:
2769:
1529:
1254:
1074:, the Fine Gael party has questioned Irish neutrality, with Kenny claiming that "the truth is, Ireland is not neutral. We are merely unaligned."
750:
Many German spies were sent to Ireland, but all were captured quickly as a result of good intelligence and sometimes their ineptitude. The chief
136:
525:). However, tens of thousands of Irish citizens, who were by law British subjects, fought in the Allied armies against the Nazis, mostly in the
3877:
1089:
by foreign military aircraft. In 2013–16 the committee held discussions with the petitioners, government members, the Secretary General of the
946:
97:
116:
Traditionally, neutral states maintain strong defence forces; Ireland has a relatively small defence force of approximately 10,500 personnel.
2091:. Dublin: Department of Defence. July 2013. pp. 2.6 Military Neutrality, 2.7 Overseas Deployments and the "Triple Lock". Archived from
681:
were on their way to assist their Belfast colleagues. De Valera followed up with his "they are our people" speech and formally protested to
1421:
1408:
such as chemicals, telecommunications equipment, computer chips and software. The state is also bound by EU regulations and international
1436:
792:
772:
325:
3489:
2059:
4171:
1461:
623:, the commander of the Irish Second Division based on the Northern Ireland border, had private discussions with the German ambassador,
476:
259:
255:
89:
1217:
before and during the conflict, as were civilian aircraft transporting US military personnel; others had permission to overfly Irish
1154:
in the UK. This decision was supported by Fianna Fáil and Labour and opposed by other opposition parties as compromising neutrality.
289:
3850:"Tánaiste Micheál Martin strongly rebuffs comments by President Michael D Higgins on military neutrality and foreign policy 'drift'"
1640:
654:
441:
3110:
1981:
1783:
123:
foreign military within their territory; Ireland has a long history of allowing military aircraft of various nations to refuel at
4215:
3055:
2088:
1624:
1299:
1178:
1090:
2626:
2733:
1620:
4176:
3905:
3821:
4210:
4118:
3164:
2700:
1730:
1698:
1657:
1182:
1151:
970:
1107:
debate the matter of neutrality with a view to the holding of a Referendum so that the will of the people can be determined.
1652:
489:
429:
57:
1672:
1375:
entered a public row with Martin accusing him of "trying to soften up public opinion to abandoning Ireland’s neutrality."
223:. An earlier bill intended to ratify the Treaty of Nice did not include a common defence opt-out, and was rejected in the
1924:
1206:
506:
1555:
1405:
1350:
658:
620:
433:
196:
1699:"Irish Statute Book, Statutory Instruments, S.I. No. 74/1952 – Air Navigation (Foreign Military Aircraft) Order, 1952"
1598:
4145:
3001:
2511:
2196:
1493:
1085:
submitted by the public. An early petition sought clarification of government policy in relation to the use of Irish
453:
373:
250:
missions, and requires three forms of authorisation, which since the 1990s have come to be called the "triple lock":
3463:
725:
1288:
1131:
348:
were divided between those who envisaged some continuing link with Britain and the "advanced nationalists", mainly
2887:
http://oireachtasdebates.oireachtas.ie/debates%20authoring/debateswebpack.nsf/takes/dail1949022300018?opendocument
1115:
published a 2015 foreign policy review which stated, "Our policy of military neutrality remains a core element of
1559:
874:
via a Mr. Cram and the Irish embassy in London, and was not revealed until December 2007. In 1962–63, during the
3793:
2909:
1953:
4225:
2600:
1395:
on weapons. The latter were previously enforced by the Control of Exports (Goods and Technology) Order 2009, a
1318:
1049:
709:(IRA), which sought to provoke a confrontation between Britain and Ireland. This plan collapsed, however, when
573:. Many of these aircraft were manufactured in the United States, to be flown by the RAF. This was known as the
3572:
962:
958:
954:
2932:
1097:
The Joint Committee note the lacuna between what is understood by the citizens by neutrality and what is the
554:
2528:
1813:
1523:
4220:
3435:
3278:"'We're being asked to sell out our neutrality': Government accused of trying to rush EU defence deal vote"
2380:"Spain: International Committee for the Application of the Agreement Regarding Non-Intervention in Spain".
2307:
2182:
1056:
353:
4191:
3059:
2766:
1842:
3573:"Taoiseach: Ireland 'not politically neutral but militarily neutral' as Ukraine travel advice is updated"
1446:
898:
710:
530:
465:
461:
247:
135:, these conditions were "waived in respect of aircraft operating in pursuit of the implementation of the
73:
1349:
from June 22 to 27 examining Ireland's neutrality with one of the key points of the forum to review the
921:
to do so. The agreement has been renewed by subsequent governments despite misgivings. In 2023, Senator
4166:
1536:
1535:. Interdepartmental Group on Export Licensing of Military and Dual-Use Goods in Ireland. Archived from
1426:
1194:
1163:
1135:
1112:
1078:
1017:
416:, with the UK retaining responsibility for Ireland's marine defence as well as three naval bases, the "
1067:
condemned the decision, saying that the government was "discarding the remnants of Irish neutrality".
599:
In the course of the war, an estimated 70,000 citizens of neutral Ireland served as volunteers in the
596:. A total of 1,400 aircraft and 15,000 passengers passed through Foynes airport during the war years.
3938:"Ireland is not neutral about Ukraine, Taoiseach insists in renewed row over constitutional position"
2356:"S.I. No. 35/1937 – Spanish Civil War (Non-Intervention) Act, 1937 (Appointed Countries) Order, 1937"
628:
393:
3627:
3551:
305:
4110:
3024:
1354:
721:
612:
550:
333:
200:
93:
3765:
2476:
3999:
3910:
3822:"Tánaiste defends forum as President claims Ireland is 'playing with fire' in neutrality 'drift'"
3681:
3653:
2333:
2141:
2114:
2006:
1897:
1870:
1451:
1210:
784:
557:(USAAF) pilots who crashed were released on personal assurances and usually allowed to cross the
243:
184:
53:
3247:"Curragh Institute For Peace & Leadership Will Accept Trainees From "Non Neutral" Countries"
3151:
3147:
3143:
3127:
2808:
Fanning, Ronan (1979). "The United States and Irish Participation in Nato: The Debate of 1950".
2450:
1265:
why is there no condemnation from a country that is supposed to be neutral of a clear agenda by
798:
While civilian aircraft in other countries were frequently requisitioned for military purposes,
619:, a plan for joint Irish and British military action should the Germans invade. However General
4056:
3357:
3337:
3139:
3135:
3131:
2786:
1466:
1456:
1209:, which threatened "serious consequences" if Iraq did not comply with weapons inspectors. Some
1042:
764:
518:
445:
417:
281:
32:. The others are Austria, Cyprus and Malta. The country has a longstanding policy of military
2989:
179:
Ireland's neutrality is in general a matter of government policy rather than a requirement of
2186:
1198:
1060:
1038:
706:
608:
168:
3404:
3318:
2849:"'Coming out of the Cave': The First Inter-Party Government, the Council of Europe and NATO"
2754:
163:
A neutral state may also allow its citizens to serve in the armed forces of other, possibly
3915:
3794:"Public forum examining Ireland's neutrality to be held in Dublin, Galway and Cork in June"
1396:
1372:
1366:
1358:
1258:
1229:
1143:
1139:
1116:
981:
942:
926:
910:
875:
826:
in 1945, but this was blocked by an objection by the Soviet Union in the security council.
600:
413:
231:
132:
69:
3355:
3277:
2276:
8:
4030:
3162:
2284:
1401:
1309:
In March 2023 a proposed bill to hold a referendum on Irish membership in a hypothetical
1266:
1202:
632:
349:
341:
239:
21:
3081:
4061:
3107:
2868:
2817:
2548:
2405:
2397:
2257:
2249:
2146:
2119:
2011:
1991:
1986:
1958:
1902:
1875:
1847:
1703:
1512:
1441:
1362:
850:, Ireland maintained its policy of neutrality. It did not align itself officially with
775:
continued to sail with full navigation lights. They had large tricolours and the word "
636:
389:
337:
329:
309:
3973:
3069:. Official publications. Vol. Pn.2133. Dublin: Stationery Office. pp. 15–18.
2423:
O'Donoghue, Aoife (2010). "Neutrality and Multilateralism after the First World War".
2355:
2092:
740:
502:
4141:
4114:
3854:
3303:
2997:
2696:
2621:
2507:
2409:
2261:
2241:
2192:
1489:
1412:
treaties. In 2017, four export licence applications were refused for dual-use items.
1237:
1147:
1045:(WEU), but opposed joining NATO or the WEU as incompatible with military neutrality.
950:
922:
510:
345:
316:
in 1914, in front of a banner reading "We serve neither King nor Kaiser but Ireland".
273:
37:
2451:"S.I. No. 102/1939 - Merchant Shipping (Spanish Civil War) (Revocation) Order, 1939"
1275:
1104:
4133:
3515:
2860:
2540:
2432:
2389:
2233:
1222:
831:
574:
570:
321:
269:
220:
192:
140:
2277:"Memorandum on Irish defence as affected by the British proposals of 20 July 1921"
1738:
1708:
827:
779:" painted large on their sides and decks. At that time, Allied ships travelled in
755:
678:
108:
There are notable differences between Irish neutrality and “traditional” types of
4195:
4183:
3942:
3882:
3770:
3605:
3114:
2773:
2630:
2228:
Martin, F. X. (1968). "The 1916 Rising: A "Coup d'État" or a 'Bloody Protest'?".
1608:
1214:
1052:
1020:'s programme undertook not to change the policy of military neutrality without a
966:
930:
918:
906:
883:
686:
585:
546:
534:
377:
124:
109:
72:. Since the 1970s, some have defined it more broadly to include a commitment to "
33:
4137:
3602:"Ireland is 'not neutral', says Tánaiste as 70 Irish citizens remain in Ukraine"
2633:
A Talk given by Joe O'Loughlin, Local Historian, of Fermanagh, Northern Ireland.
1369:
713:
3738:"Tánaiste Micheál Martin is 'developing proposals' around Ireland's neutrality"
3686:
3658:
3388:
3126:
Joint Committee on Public Service Oversight and Petitions (KildareStreet.com):
2864:
1431:
1392:
830:
considered that the UN boycott of Ireland was originally agreed to at the 1945
823:
662:
624:
566:
397:
381:
212:
81:
25:
3356:
Select Committee on Foreign Affairs and Trade, and Defence (6 December 2017).
3199:. Dublin: Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade. 13 January 2015. p. 29
879:
495:
4204:
3826:
3798:
3742:
3282:
2245:
1388:
1310:
1124:
871:
835:
695:
578:
369:
49:
1563:
437:
3163:
Joint Committee on Public Service Oversight and Petitions (February 2016).
1821:
1676:
1409:
1295:
1242:
1233:
1120:
1064:
989:
985:
860:
690:
604:
558:
526:
313:
246:
were not so limited). A 1960 amendment was intended to allow deployment in
157:
41:
4057:"S.I. No. 216/2012 – Control of Exports (Goods and Technology) Order 2012"
3974:"S.I. No. 305/2009 – Control of Exports (Goods and Technology) Order 2009"
3710:"World needs Biden 'in time of great danger,' Irish foreign minister says"
3654:"Government to oppose 'unnecessary' bill on holding neutrality referendum"
2436:
577:. Navigational markings are still, faintly, visible on mountains, such as
292:
missions and again in 2006 to allow for regionally organised UN missions.
3440:
2961:"Secret Anglo-Irish air defence agreement dates back to the Cold War era"
2937:
2904:
2644:
2308:"In Committee on the Constitution of Saorstát Eireann Bill. — Article 48"
1925:"Twenty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution Bill, 2001 (No. 19 of 2001)"
1791:
1338:
1025:
902:
887:
855:
589:
522:
405:
385:
180:
164:
77:
4130:
Global citizen and European Republic: Irish foreign policy in transition
3194:"The Global Island : Ireland's Foreign Policy for a Changing World"
3067:
Challenges and opportunities abroad : white paper on foreign policy
2872:
2821:
2552:
2253:
2237:
1516:
1387:
noted that the policy of neutrality is a factor in Ireland's lack of an
1292:
1127:
said trainees from "non-neutral" countries would be permitted to enrol.
400:
having a neutral status guaranteed in international law on the model of
3464:"Irish Involvement in the Afghanistan War Has Cost Three Million Euros"
2401:
1932:
1484:
Tonra, Ben; Kennedy, Michael; Doyle, John; Dorr, Noel (13 April 2012).
1103:
position. Accordingly, the Joint Committee recommend that the Dáil and
1071:
1021:
866:
However, secret transmission of information from the government to the
799:
464:, the UK renounced the right to legislate for the Free State. The 1938
449:
408:. However, the Free State established under the Treaty as signed was a
361:
277:
235:
92:
acknowledge Ireland's "traditional policy of military neutrality". The
3384:"Taoiseach denies Russian expulsion is breach of Ireland's neutrality"
2933:"Lemass authorised aircraft searches during Cuban crisis (Front Page)"
2848:
2477:"Committee on Finance. – Vote 3—Department of the Taoiseach (Resumed)"
1330:
assessed showed Ireland drawing closer to the United States and NATO.
1146:
opposed it; the Labour Party had reservations. In March 2018, Ireland
3250:
2990:"The origins, development, and present status of Irish 'neutrality"'"
2574:
2544:
1321:
1218:
803:
545:
pilots who crash-landed in Ireland and German sailors were interned,
542:
514:
499:
473:
International Committee for Non-Intervention in the Spanish Civil War
2393:
1384:
1055:
announced that the Irish government would open talks on joining the
3714:
2648:
2504:
Ireland and the Second World War: Politics, Society and Remembrance
1326:
1086:
1082:
914:
847:
768:, a dramatised television series about Görtz and his fellow spies.
744:
689:
instructed German radio not to repeat their report of the raid, as
670:
653:. De Valera responded immediately to a request for assistance from
409:
61:
4188:
3299:"Explainer: Ireland joins PESCO... is it the start of an EU army?"
705:
Irish neutrality during the war was threatened from within by the
1503:
Fanning, Ronan (1982). "Irish Neutrality: An Historical Review".
1001:
997:
788:
674:
650:
649:
On Easter Tuesday, 15 April 1941, 180 Luftwaffe bombers attacked
401:
372:
started a war with Spain; Tone later sought France's aid for the
145:
1653:"Ambiguous alliance: Neutrality, opt-outs, and European defence"
4128:
Tonra, Ben (19 July 2013). "Security, defence and neutrality".
3682:"Ireland needs to 'reflect' on military neutrality — Taoiseach"
3523:
2787:"Security Council Official Records Second Year – 186th meeting"
2623:
The Donegal Corridor and Irish Neutrality during World War Two.
1346:
1342:
1005:
993:
810:
780:
751:
736:
717:
682:
666:
616:
593:
368:
claimed that Ireland was not obliged to support Britain if the
183:. One exception is Article 29, section 4, subsection 9° of the
153:
149:
16:
Overview of the nature of neutrality in the Republic of Ireland
3906:"Ireland's debate on neutrality derailed by anti-NATO protest"
1324:
visited Ireland and personally met with Micheál Martin, which
759:
3054:
2060:"Defence (Amendment) Bill, 1960—Second and Subsequent Stages"
1306:, by contributing instead to a parallel non-lethal aid fund.
729:
643:
357:
2388:(4, Supplement: Official Documents): 163–179. October 1937.
1530:"Export Licensing of Military and Dual-Use Goods in Ireland"
4107:
Ireland: A Social and Cultural History, 1922 to the Present
1174:
1173:
Despite its policy of neutrality, Ireland has supplied the
891:
851:
65:
29:
2668:
Ireland in the War Years 1939 – 1940 – T.J. Carroll pg 117
1733:
Minister for Foreign Affairs, Dail Debate 17 December 2002
1225:
of the Dáil on 20 March 2003 approved these arrangements.
230:
The Defence Act 1954, the principal statute governing the
988:
activities – initially in the early 1960s
867:
44:, or take part in international conflicts. The nature of
3628:"Ireland 'constructively abstains' from EU arms package"
2645:"Why Irish soldiers who fought Hitler hide their medals"
1760:
642:
Irish weather reports were crucial to the timing of the
3766:"Ireland opens debate on future of military neutrality"
3108:
Enda Kenny calls for Unified EU Approach to Immigration
2900:"Ex Trinity student was CIA's Irish link, records show"
2601:"The Challenge of the Irish Volunteers of World War II"
2575:"The Challenge of the Irish Volunteers of World War II"
1898:"Twenty-Eighth Amendment of the Constitution Act, 2009"
4161:
3552:"Ministerial Rota for Parliamentary Questions: Motion"
2693:
Herr Hempel at the German Legation in Dublin 1937–1945
1871:"Twenty-Sixth Amendment of the Constitution Act, 2002"
498:
government's position was flagged years in advance by
3405:"Government Response to Salisbury Attack: Statements"
2034:"Defence (Amendment) (No. 2) Bill, 1960—Second Stage"
1483:
882:
authorised searches of aircraft that stopped over at
584:
USAAF aircraft en route to North Africa refuelled at
3436:"€3m spent on deploying Irish troops to Afghanistan"
1763:. French Foreign Legion Association of Ireland. 2019
1093:, and academics, and issued a report, which stated:
1033:
efforts to promote international peace and security.
468:
saw the Treaty Ports handed over to the Free State.
288:
These provisions were modified in 1993 to allow for
3878:"Tánaiste 'developing proposals around neutrality'"
1404:and the use as weapons components of products from
1228:Anti-war activist Edward Horgan took a case in the
1134:(PESCO) at its establishment in December 2017. The
984:have seen active service as part of United Nations
4025:
4023:
4021:
1041:and participating in humanitarian missions of the
494:Ireland remained neutral during World War II. The
203:where that common defence would include the State.
191:The State shall not adopt a decision taken by the
4132:. Manchester University Press. pp. 153–180.
3652:Loughlin, Elaine; Hosford, Paul (29 March 2022).
3526:. 28 April 2003. 2 IR 468, 2 ILRM 357, IEHC 64
2983:
2981:
2594:
2592:
2495:
2168:
2166:
2164:
1665:
448:amendment requiring assent of the electorate via
4202:
3848:Downing, John; McTaggart, Maeve (18 June 2023).
3847:
2572:
2334:"Spanish Civil War (Non-Intervention) Act, 1937"
1526:Stockholm International Peace Research Institute
635:, but it was only to be put into operation with
48:has varied over time. Ireland declared itself a
4018:
3651:
3543:
3541:
3082:"Legislation imminent for EU battle group role"
137:United Nations Security Council Resolution 1368
2978:
2589:
2422:
2212:
2191:. Liverpool University Press. pp. 87–88.
2161:
1761:"French Foreign Legion Association of Ireland"
1593:
1591:
1589:
1248:
976:
802:continued to fly a service between Dublin and
517:in 1942 and demanding that Ireland assist the
344:supported political integration with Britain,
324:, the whole island of Ireland was part of the
3079:
2501:
917:, conscious of the lack of capability of the
870:started in 1955. The link was established by
4172:Fine Gael "Beyond Neutrality" Document (pdf)
3819:
3538:
3106:National Forum on Europe (26 October 2006).
2083:
2081:
2040:. 7 December 1960. pp. Vol.185 No.6 p.7
1814:"The Irish men of the French Foreign Legion"
1422:Foreign relations of the Republic of Ireland
1302:said it would "constructively abstain" from
1168:
521:(while not necessarily declaring war on the
513:to oppose it during the war, resigning from
4167:Campaign for Irish Neutrality and Democracy
2175:
2066:. 20 July 1960. pp. Vol.183 No.14 p.39
1586:
1437:Neutral member states in the European Union
1098:
793:Irish Mercantile Marine during World War II
326:United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
238:to serve outside the state (members of the
119:Traditionally, neutral states do not allow
3935:
3707:
3496:. 20 March 2003. pp. Vol.563 No.3 p.5
3358:"Permanent Structured Cooperation: Motion"
3296:
3100:
2987:
2730:"Politics.ie – The Irish Politics Website"
2719:, AirLife Publishing, Shrewsbury, UK, p.16
2326:
1811:
1781:
1462:Seville Declarations on the Treaty of Nice
477:Irish involvement in the Spanish Civil War
280:or parliament, to which the government is
265:A formal decision by the Irish government;
90:Seville Declarations on the Treaty of Nice
3875:
3165:". Recommendation of the Joint Committee"
3050:
3048:
3046:
2994:Ireland in the World: Further Reflections
2958:
2502:Roberts, Geoffrey; Girvin, Brian (2000).
2382:The American Journal of International Law
2348:
2078:
1621:"Ireland's policy of military neutrality"
332:was separate from but subordinate to the
3430:
3428:
3426:
3244:
2274:
1188:
565:Allied aircraft were allowed to overfly
304:
4189:Second World War online resource for NI
4177:Beyond Neutrality Questions and Answers
3679:
3080:O'Farrell, Michael (10 February 2006).
2930:
2807:
2598:
2305:
2181:
1982:"Defence (Amendment) (No. 2) Act, 1960"
1812:Sunderland, Cairin (11 December 2017).
1784:"The legion of extraordinary gentlemen"
1641:Seville Declarations on the Nice Treaty
1625:Department of Foreign Affairs (Ireland)
1502:
1091:Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade
953:, who was Minister for Foreign Affairs
897:In 1952 the government agreed a secret
4203:
3957:
3735:
3625:
3362:Oireachtas Joint and Select Committees
3043:
2853:Irish Studies in International Affairs
2810:Irish Studies in International Affairs
2690:
2566:
2227:
1782:MacCormaic, Ruadhan (8 October 2011).
1505:Irish Studies in International Affairs
1304:an EU fund for military aid to Ukraine
1077:In 2012, the Oireachtas established a
440:debate on the draft constitution, the
300:
4127:
4104:
3599:
3570:
3423:
3344:. KildareStreet.com. 13 December 2017
2931:Collins, Stephan (28 December 2007).
2846:
2695:. Irish Academic Press. p. 180.
2642:
2526:
1707:. Irishstatutebook.ie. Archived from
1658:European Council on Foreign Relations
1152:poisoning of Sergei and Yulia Skripal
1150:a Russian diplomat in protest at the
1113:2011–2016 Fine Gael–Labour government
3791:
3325:. KildareStreet.com. 16 January 2018
3297:Bielenberg, Kim (17 December 2017).
3275:
2483:. 15 July 1942. pp. Vol.88 No.6
2425:Journal of Conflict and Security Law
490:Irish neutrality during World War II
430:Constitution of the Irish Free State
207:This was originally inserted by the
58:Irish neutrality during World War II
4162:Irish Peace and Neutrality Alliance
4082:Forfás 2004, §§2.2.6, 3.10.3, 6.5.6
3876:Sherlock, Cillian; Black, Rebecca.
3708:Pogatchnik, Shawn (14 April 2023).
3276:Finn, Christina (7 December 2017).
2988:FitzGerald, Garret (27 June 2014).
1157:
423:
13:
4098:
4037:. KildareStreet.com. 18 April 2018
3763:
3736:Pepper, Diarmuid (24 March 2023).
3626:Murphy, David (27 February 2022).
3411:. KildareStreet.com. 27 March 2018
3338:"Permanent Structured Cooperation"
3245:Plunkett, Ciara (26 August 2015).
2908:. 28 December 2007. Archived from
2573:Matthew McNamara, Matthew (2008).
2506:. Four Courts Press. p. 178.
2306:Johnson, Thomas (5 October 1922).
659:Prime Minister of Northern Ireland
14:
4237:
4155:
3963:Forfás 2004, §2.4.1, 3.1.4, 6.3.1
3903:
3600:Burns, Sarah (24 February 2022).
3060:"Agenda for Irish Foreign Policy"
2577:. K-Lines Internment Camp 1940–44
2281:Documents on IRISH FOREIGN POLICY
1600:The Study of Irish Foreign Policy
1511:(3). Royal Irish Academy: 27–38.
1213:planes were allowed to refuel at
1011:
941:Ireland applied to join the then
936:
901:with the UK government regarding
374:United Irishmen Rebellion of 1798
3820:O'Connor, Niall (18 June 2023).
3792:Finn, Christina (5 April 2023).
3571:Duffy, Rónán (25 January 2022).
3556:Dáil Éireann (33rd Dáil) debates
3029:Dáil Éireann (21st Dáil) debates
2789:. United Nations. 18 August 1947
2643:Waite, John (27 December 2011).
1524:Forfás; Fitzpatrick Associates;
1378:
1201:. Ireland, then a member of the
1132:Permanent Structured Cooperation
328:from 1801 to 1922; the pre-1801
234:, did not oblige members of the
4085:
4076:
4049:
3992:
3966:
3929:
3897:
3869:
3841:
3813:
3785:
3757:
3729:
3701:
3673:
3645:
3619:
3593:
3520:High Court of Ireland Decisions
3508:
3482:
3456:
3376:
3269:
3238:
3229:
3220:
3211:
3186:
3156:
3120:
3117:. Retrieved on 31 October 2007.
3073:
3017:
2959:Gallagher, Conor (8 May 2023).
2952:
2924:
2892:
2879:
2840:
2828:
2801:
2779:
2760:
2748:
2722:
2709:
2684:
2671:
2662:
2636:
2615:
2527:Gwynn, Stephen (January 1940).
2520:
2469:
2443:
2416:
2373:
2312:Dáil Éireann (3rd Dáil) debates
2299:
2275:Childers, Erskine (July 1921).
2268:
2221:
2134:
2115:"Defence (Amendment) Act, 1993"
2107:
2052:
2026:
2007:"Defence (Amendment) Act, 1960"
1974:
1946:
1917:
1890:
1863:
1835:
1805:
1197:did not take a position on the
841:
783:for protection from the U-boat
720:off the Irish coast as part of
639:, the plan to conquer Britain.
483:
174:
4216:International relations theory
4000:"Control of Exports Act, 1983"
3319:"European Council: Statements"
2767:MacBride statement, March 1955
2142:"Defence (Amendment) Act 2006"
1962:. pp. Part IV Chapter III
1775:
1753:
1723:
1691:
1645:
1634:
1613:
1319:President of the United States
1037:It recommended joining NATO's
537:also favoured Allied support.
260:UN General Assembly resolution
256:UN Security Council resolution
199:pursuant to Article 42 of the
86:EU treaty referendum campaigns
84:has been a point of debate in
24:is one of four members of the
1:
3680:Hosford, Paul (8 June 2022).
3558:. Oireachtas. 25 January 2022
3056:Department of Foreign Affairs
2732:. Politics.ie. Archived from
1562:. August 2015. Archived from
1472:
1406:major Irish export industries
1300:Department of Foreign Affairs
1063:foreign affairs spokesperson
555:United States Army Air Forces
98:many UN peacekeeping missions
4211:Foreign relations of Ireland
1597:Tonra et al. 2012, Preface:
1579:
1253:In a Dáil discussion on the
1057:European Union battle groups
822:Ireland applied to join the
743:'s honour at Kfar Kana near
7:
4138:10.7765/9781847792358.00013
3490:"Foreign Conflicts: Motion"
3031:. Oireachtas. 11 March 1981
1447:History of Northern Ireland
1415:
1249:Russian invasion of Ukraine
977:United Nations peacekeeping
899:memorandum of understanding
466:Anglo-Irish Trade Agreement
462:Statute of Westminster 1931
320:Before the creation of the
248:United Nations peacekeeping
74:United Nations peacekeeping
10:
4242:
4006:. Dublin: Attorney General
3980:. Dublin: Attorney General
2865:10.3318/ISIA.2004.15.1.167
2599:Roberts, Geoffrey (2004).
2314:. Houses of the Oireachtas
1477:
1195:Fianna Fáil-led government
1161:
1028:on foreign policy stated:
933:of its constitutionality.
913:hostile aircraft in Irish
894:, for "warlike material".
771:As the state was neutral,
487:
471:The Free State joined the
295:
103:
3235:Dept of Defence 2015 p.32
3226:Dept of Defence 2015 p.30
3217:Dept of Defence 2015 p.24
2287:. pp. Vol. I No. 142
1843:"Constitution of Ireland"
1291:on 24 February 2022, the
1183:2001–2021 Afghanistan War
1169:2001–2021 Afghanistan War
1024:. That government's 1996
1018:1994 coalition government
854: – or the
631:, similar to the Allies'
376:. At the outbreak of the
4111:Cornell University Press
3516:"Horgan v. An Taoiseach"
3113:18 November 2007 at the
3025:"Defence Policy: Motion"
2691:Duggan, John P. (2003).
2679:Ireland in the War Years
2089:"Green paper on Defence"
2004:replacing the temporary
1556:"White Paper on Defence"
1488:. Gill & MacMillan.
1287:In response to Russia's
1267:NATO to expand eastwards
1136:Fine Gael-led government
1130:Ireland joined the EU's
551:Royal Canadian Air Force
356:(1594–1603) allied with
334:Kingdom of Great Britain
276:(the lower house of the
201:Treaty on European Union
28:that are not members of
4182:5 December 2008 at the
4105:Brown, Terence (1985).
3911:Courthouse News Service
3174:. Oireachtas. p. 4
2629:26 October 2006 at the
1607:17 October 2013 at the
1452:Conscription in Ireland
1211:United States Air Force
661:. Within two hours, 13
509:was the only member of
505:and had broad support.
428:Article 49 of the 1922
2717:Airliners of the 1960s
1467:Visa policy of Ireland
1457:Irish Shipping Limited
1427:Ireland–NATO relations
1333:Micheál Martin held a
1255:Russo-Ukrainian crisis
1164:Ireland–NATO relations
1099:
1048:In February 2006, the
1043:Western European Union
992:, and subsequently in
820:
765:Caught in a Free State
442:Provisional Government
317:
96:have been involved in
4226:Neutrality by country
4091:Forfás 2004, pp.17–18
2529:"Ireland and the War"
1560:Department of Defence
1199:2003 invasion of Iraq
1189:2003 invasion of Iraq
1039:Partnership for Peace
971:invaded the Falklands
815:
735:In 1966, a forest in
707:Irish Republican Army
609:military intelligence
336:(and before 1707 the
308:
225:first Nice referendum
215:, and updated by the
169:French Foreign Legion
88:since the 1990s. The
4194:21 June 2007 at the
3916:Agence France-Presse
3494:Dáil Éireann Debates
3257:on 14 September 2017
2481:Dáil Éireann debates
2336:. Irish Statute Book
2064:Dáil Éireann debates
2038:Dáil Éireann debates
1486:Irish Foreign Policy
1397:statutory instrument
1373:Richard Boyd Barrett
1367:People Before Profit
1359:President of Ireland
1355:Irish Defence Forces
1259:Richard Boyd Barrett
1144:People Before Profit
1117:Irish foreign policy
1050:Minister for Defence
982:Irish Defence Forces
945:in 1963 and finally
943:European Communities
876:Cuban Missile Crisis
806:throughout the war.
601:British Armed Forces
414:British Commonwealth
232:Irish Defence Forces
133:September 11 attacks
94:Irish Defence Forces
70:Non-Aligned Movement
4221:Non-interventionism
3936:O'Halloran, Marie.
3364:. KildareStreet.com
2996:. Liberties Press.
2772:9 June 2011 at the
2736:on 28 November 2007
2437:10.1093/jcsl/krp029
2285:Royal Irish Academy
2238:10.3828/sh.1968.8.7
1954:"Defence Act, 1954"
1741:on 23 November 2007
1679:on 26 December 2008
1673:"Military.ie – FAQ"
1542:on 26 December 2011
1402:dual-use technology
1289:invasion of Ukraine
1203:UN Security Council
1123:; defence minister
726:German paratroopers
633:Operation Bodyguard
301:Before independence
76:, human rights and
36:: it does not join
4062:Irish Statute Book
4031:"Military Exports"
4004:Irish Statute Book
3978:Irish Statute Book
3468:Irish Examiner USA
2847:Keane, E. (2004).
2455:Irish Statute Book
2360:Irish Statute Book
2218:Fanning 1982, p.28
2172:Fanning 1982, p.27
2147:Irish Statute Book
2120:Irish Statute Book
2012:Irish Statute Book
1987:Irish Statute Book
1959:Irish Statute Book
1903:Irish Statute Book
1876:Irish Statute Book
1848:Irish Statute Book
1704:Irish Statute Book
1566:on 1 February 2017
1442:History of Ireland
1363:Michael D. Higgins
1335:Consultative Forum
905:, under which the
711:IRA chief of staff
637:Operation Sea Lion
390:Anglo-Irish Treaty
346:Irish nationalists
338:Kingdom of England
330:Kingdom of Ireland
318:
310:Irish Citizen Army
185:Irish constitution
60:), and during the
38:military alliances
4120:978-0-8014-1731-3
3855:Irish Independent
3304:Irish Independent
2889:Accessed 20150927
2702:978-0-7165-2746-6
2677:Carroll, (1975).
2603:. Reform Movement
2183:Elliott, Marianne
1383:A 2004 report by
1317:On April 14, the
1257:in January 2022,
1238:international law
951:Garret FitzGerald
923:Gerard Craughwell
886:en route between
834:by Churchill and
773:Irish cargo ships
364:'s 1790 pamphlet
156:territory during
141:Irish governments
4233:
4151:
4124:
4092:
4089:
4083:
4080:
4074:
4073:
4071:
4069:
4053:
4047:
4046:
4044:
4042:
4027:
4016:
4015:
4013:
4011:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3987:
3985:
3970:
3964:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3933:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3922:
3901:
3895:
3894:
3892:
3890:
3873:
3867:
3866:
3864:
3862:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3834:
3817:
3811:
3810:
3808:
3806:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3761:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3733:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3677:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3666:
3649:
3643:
3642:
3640:
3638:
3623:
3617:
3616:
3614:
3612:
3597:
3591:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3545:
3536:
3535:
3533:
3531:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3503:
3501:
3486:
3480:
3479:
3477:
3475:
3460:
3454:
3453:
3451:
3449:
3432:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3371:
3369:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3294:
3292:
3290:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3253:. Archived from
3242:
3236:
3233:
3227:
3224:
3218:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3204:
3198:
3190:
3184:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3169:
3160:
3154:
3124:
3118:
3104:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3093:
3088:. Irish Examiner
3077:
3071:
3070:
3064:
3052:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3036:
3021:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
2985:
2976:
2975:
2973:
2971:
2956:
2950:
2949:
2947:
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2928:
2922:
2921:
2919:
2917:
2896:
2890:
2883:
2877:
2876:
2844:
2838:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2816:(1): 38–48: 38.
2805:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2794:
2783:
2777:
2764:
2758:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2726:
2720:
2713:
2707:
2706:
2688:
2682:
2675:
2669:
2666:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2640:
2634:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2610:
2608:
2596:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2582:
2570:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2559:
2545:10.2307/20029000
2524:
2518:
2517:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2490:
2488:
2473:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2462:
2447:
2441:
2440:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2368:
2366:
2352:
2346:
2345:
2343:
2341:
2330:
2324:
2323:
2321:
2319:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2272:
2266:
2265:
2230:Studia Hibernica
2225:
2219:
2216:
2210:
2209:
2207:
2205:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2159:
2158:
2156:
2154:
2138:
2132:
2131:
2129:
2127:
2111:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2100:
2085:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2019:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1990:. Archived from
1978:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1967:
1950:
1944:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1910:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1839:
1833:
1832:
1830:
1828:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1800:
1798:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1757:
1751:
1750:
1748:
1746:
1737:. Archived from
1727:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1711:on 16 March 2007
1695:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1684:
1675:. Archived from
1669:
1663:
1662:
1649:
1643:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1617:
1611:
1595:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1551:
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1158:Recent conflicts
1102:
832:Yalta Conference
787:. If a ship was
575:Donegal Corridor
571:County Fermanagh
424:Irish Free State
394:Erskine Childers
322:Irish Free State
221:Treaty of Lisbon
193:European Council
152:through neutral
64:it did not join
54:Second World War
46:Irish neutrality
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3392:. 27 March 2018
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2457:. 27 April 1939
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1207:Resolution 1441
1205:, voted yes to
1191:
1181:mission in the
1171:
1166:
1160:
1079:joint committee
1014:
979:
967:Charles Haughey
947:acceded in 1973
939:
931:judicial review
925:applied to the
919:Irish Air Corps
907:Royal Air Force
890:countries, and
844:
741:Éamon de Valera
739:was planted in
687:Joseph Goebbels
629:Operation Green
586:Shannon Airport
547:Royal Air Force
535:Frank MacDermot
503:Éamon de Valera
492:
486:
426:
378:First World War
354:Nine Years' War
342:Irish unionists
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195:to establish a
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3470:. 14 June 2011
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2095:on 27 May 2015
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937:European Union
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843:
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824:United Nations
722:Operation Dove
625:Edouard Hempel
567:County Donegal
488:Main article:
485:
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457:more likely".
454:Thomas Johnson
425:
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398:Irish Republic
396:envisaged the
382:James Connolly
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268:Approval by a
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2755:UN Veto Lists
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714:Seán Russell
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663:fire tenders
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621:Hugo McNeill
598:
590:flying boats
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511:Dáil Éireann
507:James Dillon
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427:
418:Treaty Ports
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314:Liberty Hall
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158:World War II
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3530:19 December
3500:19 December
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3178:19 December
3152:15 Jul 2015
3148:17 Jun 2015
3144:18 Feb 2015
3136:18 Jun 2014
3132:12 Mar 2014
3128:27 Nov 2013
2944:6 September
2938:Irish Times
2916:6 September
2905:Irish Times
2859:: 167–190.
2681:, page 176.
2607:6 September
1792:Irish Times
1391:and strict
1351:Triple Lock
1061:Green Party
1026:white paper
903:air defence
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880:Seán Lemass
856:Warsaw Pact
846:During the
758:. In 1983,
605:conscripted
529:. Senators
496:Fianna Fáil
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406:Switzerland
386:1916 Rising
366:Spanish War
350:republicans
290:Chapter VII
282:responsible
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2188:Wolfe Tone
1938:4 February
1933:Oireachtas
1909:4 February
1882:4 February
1855:4 February
1827:1 December
1797:1 December
1788:Dispatches
1767:1 December
1715:26 October
1473:References
1274:Taoiseach
1230:High Court
1223:resolution
1162:See also:
1140:Solidarity
1081:to review
1072:Enda Kenny
1022:referendum
927:High Court
800:Aer Lingus
716:died in a
646:landings.
592:at nearby
531:John Keane
450:referendum
438:Third Dáil
436:". In the
434:Oireachtas
362:Wolfe Tone
278:Oireachtas
270:resolution
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2365:31 August
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1283:disputes.
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1083:petitions
973:in 1982.
911:intercept
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789:torpedoed
785:wolfpacks
543:Luftwaffe
515:Fine Gael
500:Taoiseach
340:). While
240:Air Corps
4192:Archived
4180:Archived
4068:24 April
4041:24 April
3715:Politico
3632:RTÉ News
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3396:24 April
3368:24 April
3348:24 April
3329:24 April
3310:24 April
3289:24 April
3111:Archived
2873:30002085
2822:30001704
2770:Archived
2649:BBC News
2627:Archived
2581:19 March
2553:20029000
2487:21 March
2254:20495897
2185:(2012).
1818:Features
1745:13 March
1605:Archived
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1416:See also
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915:airspace
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3263:2017
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