1705:
930:
1688:
10857:
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58:
10881:
3837:"It is in fact, quite the opposite: history is just beginning, if by history we understand the moment when, after millennia of a prehistoric battle with Nature, first to survive, then to conquer it, our species has reached the level of knowledge and social organization that will allow us to live in a predominantly social world. It is the beginning of a new existence, and indeed the beginning of a new age, The Information Age, marked by the autonomy of culture vis-à-vis the material basis of our existence."
1823:
2312:
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1073:(PCM) digital voice transmission. The T1 format carried 24 pulse-code modulated, time-division multiplexed speech signals each encoded in 64 kbit/s streams, leaving 8 kbit/s of framing information which facilitated the synchronization and demultiplexing at the receiver. Over the subsequent decades the digitisation of voice became the norm for all but the last mile (where analogue continued to be the norm right into the late 1990s).
10869:
8643:
3065:
1186:
2046:
8653:
2248:, along with processes for mass manufacturing, came to serve the needs of a growing global population. The Industrial Age harnessed steam and waterpower to reduce the dependence on animal and human physical labor as the primary means of production. Thus, the core of the Industrial Revolution was the generation and distribution of energy from coal and water to produce steam and, later in the 20th century, electricity.
125:
3652:
112:
2719:
knowledge: practical knowledge; intellectual knowledge, that is, general culture and the satisfying of intellectual curiosity; pastime knowledge, that is, knowledge satisfying non-intellectual curiosity or the desire for light entertainment and emotional stimulation; spiritual or religious knowledge; unwanted knowledge, accidentally acquired and aimlessly retained.
3854:. Although access to information has never been greater, most information is irrelevant or insubstantial. The Information Age's emphasis on speed over expertise contributes to "superficial culture in which even the elite will openly disparage as pointless our main repositories for the very best that has been thought."
4723:
If the wheels behind the CD-ROM industry have their way, this product will help open the door to a brave, new multimedia world for microcomputers, where the computer is intimately linked with the other household electronics, and every gadget in the house reads tons of video, audio, and text data from
2150:
all, ultimately, induced discontinuous and irreversible changes in the economic, social and cultural elements of the daily life of most people. Traditionally, these epochs have taken place over hundreds, or in the case of the
Neolithic Revolution, thousands of years, whereas the Information Age swept
1298:(middle and upper middle class households were the most likely to own one, at 22.9%). By 1989, 15% of all U.S. households owned a computer, and nearly 30% of households with children under the age of 18 owned one. By the late 1980s, many businesses were dependent on computers and digital technology.
1297:
In 1984, the U.S. Census Bureau began collecting data on computer and
Internet use in the United States; their first survey showed that 8.2% of all U.S. households owned a personal computer in 1984, and that households with children under the age of 18 were nearly twice as likely to own one at 15.3%
5589:
Moore also affirmed he never said transistor count would double every 18 months, as is commonly said. Initially, he said transistors on a chip would double every year. He then recalibrated it to every two years in 1975. David House, an Intel executive at the time, noted that the changes would cause
2718:
had begun. He defines knowledge as a commodity and attempts to measure the magnitude of the production and distribution of this commodity within a modern economy. Machlup divided information use into three classes: instrumental, intellectual, and pastime knowledge. He identified also five types of
2487:
The object of economic activities can be conceptualized according to the fundamental distinction between matter, energy, and information. These apply both to the object of each economic activity, as well as within each economic activity or enterprise. For instance, an industry may process matter
2263:
that process and store data. However, what dramatically accelerated the pace of The
Information Age’s adoption, as compared to previous ones, was the speed by which knowledge could be transferred and pervaded the entire human family in a few short decades. This acceleration came about with the
2462:
as the third constituent part of the
Universe; information is carried by matter or by energy. By the 1990s some writers believed that changes implied by the Information revolution will lead to not only a fiscal crisis for governments but also the disintegration of all "large structures".
3832:
when he writes of our global interdependence and the new relationships between economy, state and society, what he calls "a new society-in-the-making." He cautions that just because humans have dominated the material world, does not mean that the
Information Age is the end of history:
2679:(1997) identified six 'Information Revolutions': writing, printing, mass media, entertainment, the 'tool shed' (which we call 'home' now), and the information highway. In this work the term 'information revolution' is used in a narrow sense, to describe trends in communication media.
2430:
came up when new informational inputs were produced by individual innovators, or by scientific and technical institutions. During the
Information Revolution all these activities are experiencing continuous growth, while other information-oriented activities are emerging.
2154:
Between 7,000 and 10,000 years ago during the
Neolithic period, humans began to domesticate animals, began to farm grains and to replace stone tools with ones made of metal. These innovations allowed nomadic hunter-gatherers to settle down. Villages formed along the
2283:
There are different conceptualizations of the
Information Age. Some focus on the evolution of information over the ages, distinguishing between the Primary Information Age and the Secondary Information Age. Information in the Primary Information Age was handled by
1924:
of (optimally compressed) information in 1986; 471 petabytes in 1993; 2.2 (optimally compressed) exabytes in 2000; and 65 (optimally compressed) exabytes in 2007, the information equivalent of six newspapers per person per day. In the 1990s, the spread of the
1974:
were capable of performing well over 10^18 instructions per second. Estimates suggest that the storage capacity of an individual human brain is about 10^12 bytes. On a per capita basis, this is matched by current digital storage (5x10^21 bytes per 7.2x10^9
1846:
per person in 1986 (539 MB per person); roughly four CD-ROM per person in 1993; twelve CD-ROM per person in the year 2000; and almost sixty-one CD-ROM per person in 2007. It is estimated that the world's capacity to store information has reached 5
749:
The digital revolution converted technology from analog format to digital format. By doing this, it became possible to make copies that were identical to the original. In digital communications, for example, repeating hardware was able to amplify the
1929:
caused a sudden leap in access to and ability to share information in businesses and homes globally. A computer that cost $ 3000 in 1997 would cost $ 2000 two years later and $ 1000 the following year, due to the rapid advancement of technology.
1965:
of any single human being and has done so a decade earlier than predicted. In terms of capacity, there are two measures of importance: the number of operations a system can perform and the amount of information that can be stored. The number of
2199:
and China around 1,450 B.C.) enabled ideas to be preserved for extended periods to spread extensively. In all, Neolithic developments, augmented by writing as an information tool, laid the groundwork for the advent of civilization.
2974:. In the United States, for example, from January 1972 to August 2010, the number of people employed in manufacturing jobs fell from 17,500,000 to 11,500,000 while manufacturing value rose 270%. Although it initially appeared that
6032:
2990:
foreshadowed a sharp drop in the number of jobs in the sector. This pattern of decrease in jobs would continue until 2003, and data has shown that, overall, technology creates more jobs than it destroys even in the short run.
2695:
has included statistics on the information sector in the economic reports of its member countries. Veneris (1984, 1990) explored the theoretical, economic and regional aspects of the informational revolution and developed a
2823:. One of the most evident concerns is the replacement of human labor by computers that can do their jobs faster and more effectively, thus creating a situation in which individuals who perform tasks that can easily be
5780:
3725:
was about eight years longer than other machines, and so accumulated the highest total sales. By 1985, 2.1 million had sold and more than 4 million Apple II's were shipped by the end of its production in 1993.
2713:
who in his (1962) book "The
Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States", claimed that the "knowledge industry represented 29% of the US gross national product", which he saw as evidence that the
9918:
3534:
in the mid-1990s led to record data transfer rates. By 2018, optical networks routinely delivered 30.4 terabits/s over a fiber optic pair, the data equivalent of 1.2 million simultaneous 4K HD video streams.
754:
and pass it on with no loss of information in the signal. Of equal importance to the revolution was the ability to easily move the digital information between media, and to access or distribute it remotely.
2930:
were once well paid in comparison to those in other countries. With the advent of the
Information Age and improvements in communication, this is no longer the case, as workers must now compete in a global
2394:. Information-related activities did not come up with the Information Revolution. They existed, in one form or the other, in all human societies, and eventually developed into institutions, such as the
4016:
3790:
succeeded in making image-transmitting bundles with over 10,000 optical fibers, and subsequently achieved image transmission through a 75 cm long bundle which combined several thousand fibers.
3695:, a full QWERTY keyboard, and internal slots for expansion, which were mounted in a high quality streamlined plastic case. The monitor and I/O devices were sold separately. The original Apple II
3710:
BASIC, along with a lack of retail distribution sites, caused it to lag in sales behind the other Trinity machines until 1979, when it surpassed the PET. It was again pushed into 4th place when
2743:
the world's technological capacity to compute information with the help of humanly guided general-purpose computers grew at a sustained compound annual growth rate of 61% during the same period.
2590:
attempt to classify these new activities, but their definitions are not based on a clear conceptual scheme, although the latter is considered by some as equivalent with the information sector.
1328:
was created in 1988, and the first were marketed in December 1989 in Japan and in 1990 in the United States. By the early 2000s, digital cameras had eclipsed traditional film in popularity.
3259:
that was much faster than humanly possible, but were expensive to buy and maintain, so were initially limited to a few scientific institutions, large corporations, and government agencies.
9911:
1290:, and video games all fueled what became the zeitgeist of the 1980s. Millions of people purchased home computers, making household names of early personal computer manufacturers such as
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5433:
4836:
6976:
6839:
1263:. As digital technology proliferated, and the switch from analog to digital record keeping became the new standard in business, a relatively new job description was popularized, the
7230:
1294:, Commodore, and Tandy. To this day the Commodore 64 is often cited as the best selling computer of all time, having sold 17 million units (by some accounts) between 1982 and 1994.
1267:. Culled from the ranks of secretaries and typists from earlier decades, the data entry clerk's job was to convert analog data (customer records, invoices, etc.) into digital data.
2028:
has grown from the 606 genome sequences registered in December 1982 to the 231 million genomes in August 2021. An additional 13 trillion incomplete sequences are registered in the
1450:
In 1989, about 15% of all households in the United States owned a personal computer. For households with children, nearly 30% owned a computer in 1989, and in 2000, 65% owned one.
868:
for electrical systems, and various machines for aiming military guns and bombs. The construction of problem-specific analog computers continued in the late 1940s and beyond, with
3483:
at Bell Labs described in 1967 how the floating gate of an MOS semiconductor device could be used for the cell of a reprogrammable ROM. Following the invention of flash memory by
4344:
9904:
6646:
2534:
All products have use value, exchange value, and informational value. The latter can be measured by the information content of the product, in terms of innovation, design, etc.
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4370:
2582:(1940), who included in the tertiary sector all activities that have not been included in the primary (agriculture, forestry, etc.) and secondary (manufacturing) sectors. The
7422:
5822:
10827:
4184:
5777:
2308:. The Tertiary Information Age was emerged by media of the Primary Information Age interconnected with media of the Secondary Information Age as presently experienced.
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1039:
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2483:. Note, however, that you may prefer mentalist to materialist paradigm. The following fundamental aspects of the theory of information revolution can be given:
4011:
2598:
2272:
systems at the heart of telecom networks and the Internet span the globe and carry most of the information traffic to and from users and data storage systems.
1838:(EB) in 1986 to 15.8 EB in 1993; over 54.5 EB in 2000; and to 295 (optimally compressed) EB in 2007. This is the informational equivalent to less than one 730-
1604:
In the late 1980s, less than 1% of the world's technologically stored information was in digital format, while it was 94% in 2007, with more than 99% by 2014.
4612:
6454:
10802:
9820:
5098:
2946:, making it possible for workers in such places to provide in-person services, therefore competing directly with their counterparts in other nations. This
1559:
4124:
2548:
Enterprises, and society at large, develop the information control and processing functions, in the form of management structures; these are also called "
6673:
6585:
2232:
in 1760 and continued into the mid-19th century. The invention of machines such as the mechanical textile weaver by Edmund Cartwrite, the rotating shaft
1456:
became as ubiquitous as computers by the early 2000s, with movie theaters beginning to show ads telling people to silence their phones. They also became
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9695:
10797:
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7096:
6490:
Cooper, Arnold C.; Gimeno-Gascon, F. Javier; Woo, Carolyn Y. (1994). "Initial human and financial capital as predictors of new venture performance".
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6319:
4399:
899:, the world's first working programmable, fully automatic digital computer. Also during World War II, Allied engineers constructed electromechanical
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9927:
2676:
5756:
5739:
2663:
Diffusion of innovations causes structural-sectoral shifts in the economy, which can be smooth or can create crisis and renewal, a process which
9896:
6620:
9835:
7004:
2610:
1407:, the first web browser capable of displaying inline images and the basis for later browsers such as Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer.
822:, but it was never successfully built, and was largely forgotten by the 20th century and unknown to most of the inventors of modern computers.
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5441:
2213:
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6966:
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934:
2835:, which is often highly resisted. Thus, individuals who lose their jobs may be pressed to move up into more indispensable professions (e.g.
2454:. Wiener stated: "information is information not matter or energy". This aphorism suggests that information should be considered along with
1550:
became the standard television broadcasting format in many countries by the end of the decade. In September and December 2006 respectively,
1270:
In developed nations, computers achieved semi-ubiquity during the 1980s as they made their way into schools, homes, business, and industry.
10310:
9935:
9205:
6829:
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1309:
network started to be opened in Finland to accommodate the unexpected demand for cell phones that was becoming apparent in the late 1980s.
758:
One turning point of the revolution was the change from analog to digitally recorded music. During the 1980s the digital format of optical
710:
7214:
6534:
4246:
1826:
Hilbert & López (2011). The World's Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information. Science, 332(6025), 60–65.
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Castells, Manuel. The Power of Identity, The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture Vol. II. Cambridge, MA; Oxford, UK: Blackwell
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4704:
4511:
4332:
3337:, and the ratio of computing power to size increased dramatically, giving direct access to computers to ever smaller groups of people.
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that June; it was played in 10 theaters in Spain and Italy. However, HDTV did not become a standard until the mid-2000s outside Japan.
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6231:
1728:
to double in capacity every 16 years where sufficient space made available. He advocated replacing bulky, decaying printed works with
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6642:
5071:
4366:
2753:
2733:
the world's technological capacity to store information grew at a sustained compound annual growth rate of 25% between 1986 and 2007;
1529:
6207:
4162:
3617:
By 1976, there were several firms racing to introduce the first truly successful commercial personal computers. Three machines, the
1570:, approximately 45.7 million U.S. households in 2006 (or approximately 40 percent of approximately 114.4 million) owned a dedicated
10528:
10135:
9049:
5814:
1533:
1180:
1172:
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in 1837, were designed to provide routine mathematical calculation and simple decision-making capabilities. Military needs during
2621:
stressed in many occasions the role of the "intellectual element" in production, but failed to find a place for it into his model.
10140:
9931:
8689:
6436:
5897:
Hilbert, M. (2020). "Digital technology and social change: The digital transformation of society from a historical perspective".
2926:
service jobs. In the past, the economic fate of individuals would be tied to that of their nation's. For example, workers in the
1537:
1365:
1361:
1176:
1168:
641:
1305:, in 1983. However, this device used analog communication - digital cell phones were not sold commercially until 1991 when the
690:
that began in the mid-20th century. It is characterized by a rapid shift from traditional industries, as established during the
554:
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8358:
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in 1947. This was a breakthrough that laid the foundations for modern technology. Shockley's research team also invented the
1970:
in a human brain has been estimated to lie between 10^15 and 10^17. While this number is impressive, even in 2007 humanity's
7191:
2082:
2032:
submission database as of August 2021. The information contained in these registered sequences has doubled every 18 months.
10759:
8262:
6797:
6702:
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6152:
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systems used electrical, mechanical, or hydraulic systems to model problems and calculate answers. These included an 1872
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357:
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computer and first demonstrated it there. With specifications in hand and an order for 100 machines at US$ 500 each from
3545:, led to computers becoming smaller and more powerful, to the point where they could be carried. During the 1980s–1990s,
3191:
3056:, it now seems possible for a group of relatively inexperienced people with limited capital to succeed on a large scale.
1938:
The world's technological capacity to compute information with human-guided general-purpose computers grew from 3.0 × 10
706:
in 1957. These technological advances have had a significant impact on the way information is processed and transmitted.
5576:
4585:
1586:
had entered the mainstream by the early 2010s. In January 2013, a majority of U.S. survey respondents reported owning a
10655:
7921:
7510:
7029:
6904:
6347:
6205:"video animation on The World’s Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information from 1986 to 2010
6031:, PhD Thesis, submitted to the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, UK (British Library microfilm no. : D55307/85).
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were developed about 1950, but awaited technical innovations in data transmission and storage to be put to full use.
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and many businesses listed websites in their ads. By 1999, almost every country had a connection, and nearly half of
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4620:
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adoptions of a new form of power. Beginning in 1972, engineers devised ways to harness light to convey data through
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to all parts of the globe in just a few years, as a result of the rapidly advancing speed of information exchange.
2063:
1256:
6467:
6262:
2562:
Information activities constitute a large, new economic sector, the information sector along with the traditional
1942:
in 1986, to 4.4 × 10 MIPS in 1993; to 2.9 × 10 MIPS in 2000; to 6.4 × 10 MIPS in 2007. An article featured in the
10719:
9926:
9810:
9745:
8790:
8044:
5694:
Supporting online material for the world's technological capacity to store, communicate, and compute infrormation
2827:
are forced to find employment where their labor is not as disposable. This especially creates issue for those in
2480:
2423:
2096:
1947:
1939:
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at Fairchild Semiconductor in 1968. With the advent of the MOS transistor and the MOS IC, transistor technology
2142:
During rare times in human history, there have been periods of innovation that have transformed human life. The
735:
has already began due to the recent breakthroughs in areas such as artificial intelligence and biotechnologies.
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9001:
8335:
8297:
7954:
7662:
6164:
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2067:
1517:
1336:
1096:(LSI) with hundreds of transistors on a single MOS chip by the late 1960s. The application of MOS LSI chips to
595:
348:
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4385:
3691:
About 200 of the machines sold before the company announced the Apple II as a complete computer. It had color
985:
systems to digitally replicate and automate previously manually performed mathematical calculations, with the
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10197:
9154:
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8454:
8184:
8174:
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3612:
3252:
3181:
2624:
Innovations are the result of the production of new information, as new products, new methods of production,
2587:
1607:
It is estimated that the world's capacity to store information has increased from 2.6 (optimally compressed)
1521:
1408:
1348:
1164:
794:, and mechanical timekeeping devices. More complicated devices started appearing in the 1600s, including the
744:
2382:, which aims at creating automated processes to convert the existing information into actionable knowledge.
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1460:
than phones of the 1990s, most of which only took calls or at most allowed for the playing of simple games.
540:
10363:
9765:
9750:
9645:
8558:
8146:
8054:
7959:
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7720:
6179:, PhD Thesis, Univ. of Stanford. This thesis measured the role of the Information Sector in the US Economy.
5884:
Goodarzi, M., Fahimifar, A., Shakeri Daryani, E. (2021). "New Media and Ideology: A Critical Perspective".
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5206:
3921:
3879:
3874:
3412:
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2559:
Labor can be classified according to the object of labor, into information labor and non-information labor.
2179:) in 6,000 B.C. Cities emerged between 6,000 B.C. and 3,500 B.C. The development of written communication (
1439:
on a regular basis. However throughout the 1990s, "getting online" entailed complicated configuration, and
920:
826:
732:
229:
120:
115:
17:
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6311:
3557:, widely used by the 1980s, were largely replaced by mobile phones beginning in the late 1990s, providing
1804:
it. Connectivity between computers within organizations enabled access to greater amounts of information.
1395:
became publicly accessible in 1991, which had been available only to government and universities. In 1993
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2390:
The main feature of the information revolution is the growing economic, social and technological role of
1878:
prescribes that the amount of storage space available appears to be growing approximately exponentially.
1085:
865:
634:
393:
7530:
7520:
7213:
Chandler, Alfred Dupont; Hikino, Takashi; Nordenflycht, Andrew Von; Chandler, Alfred D. (30 June 2009).
2217:
in 1697. This age of discovery continued through the 18th century, accelerated by widespread use of the
1334:
was also invented in the late 1980s. Disney's CAPS system (created 1988) was used for a scene in 1989's
911:
was completed in 1944, and was to some degree improved with inspiration from Charles Babbage's designs.
731:
There is ongoing debate concerning whether the Third Industrial Revolution has already ended and if the
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5914:
Krishnapuram, Raghu (September 2013). "Global trends in information technology and their implication".
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1971:
1917:
1574:, and by 2015, 51 percent of U.S. households owned a dedicated home video game console according to an
1473:
The digital revolution became truly global in this time as well - after revolutionizing society in the
195:
35:
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5765:
5736:
4757:
4235:"The Digital Revolution Ahead for the Audio Industry," Business Week. New York, 16 March 1981, p. 40D.
1590:. By 2016, half of the world's population was connected and as of 2020, that number has risen to 67%.
1189:
A visualization of the various routes through a portion of the Internet (created via The Opte Project)
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10491:
9690:
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8538:
8401:
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7655:
6610:
5716:"The Digital Universe in 2020: Big Data, Bigger Digital Shadows, and Biggest Growth in the Far East".
3996:
3735:
3634:
3093:
2765:
1887:
1704:
1355:
1271:
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3585:, and from analog to digital cameras, during the 1980s–1990s. The most common image sensors are the
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1125:
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431:
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521:
338:
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2488:(e.g. iron) using energy and information (production and process technologies, management, etc.).
2334:, each with different long waves. The first focused on the transformation of material, including
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in the 1920s, with the ability to store documents on film, making them much more compact. Early
2434:
Information is the central theme of several new sciences, which emerged in the 1940s, including
2012:, initially conceived by Gilbert and finally, the practical applications of sequencing, such as
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8675:
8613:
8444:
8325:
8092:
8082:
8077:
3941:
3669:
3125:
2983:
2939:
1985:
1898:) information in 1986; 715 (optimally compressed) exabytes in 1993; 1.2 (optimally compressed)
1567:
1321:
would be the centerpiece of the revolution, with multiple household devices reading the discs.
1287:
1077:
966:
695:
627:
385:
319:
141:
5991:
4679:
4458:
4250:
3344:, which was developed by Federico Faggin using his silicon-gate MOS IC technology, along with
1761:, whereby vast increases in the rapidity of information growth would be made possible through
1088:
integrated circuits by 1964. MOS chips further increased in complexity at a rate predicted by
10911:
10682:
10665:
10660:
10649:
10612:
10607:
10601:
10212:
10181:
10079:
9850:
9825:
9755:
9438:
9166:
8939:
8897:
8867:
8583:
8553:
8543:
8439:
8353:
8229:
8169:
8136:
8126:
8009:
7974:
7964:
7901:
7770:
7745:
7740:
7705:
7352:
6727:
6284:
5870:
A Disorienting Dilemma: Teaching and Learning in Technology Education During a Time of Crisis
4809:
3956:
3783:
3752:
3748:
3715:
3586:
3527:
3420:
2947:
2688:
2476:
2427:
2415:
2347:
2103:
1914:
1817:
1801:
1793:
1546:
reached 1 billion, and 3 billion people worldwide used cell phones by the end of the decade.
1412:
1331:
1140:
1070:
929:
924:
853:
838:
803:
799:
782:
Humans have manufactured tools for counting and calculating since ancient times, such as the
691:
217:
6862:
6223:
6001:
5778:"The historical growth of data: Why we need a faster transfer solution for large data sets".
4515:
4485:
3633:
magazine later referred to Commodore, Apple, and Tandy as the "1977 Trinity". Also in 1977,
3510:, were first developed in the 1960s. Independent computer-to-computer networking began with
2740:
networks grew at a sustained compound annual growth rate of 30% during the same two decades;
945:, the "first all-purpose digital computer", in 1946 as the beginning of the Information Age.
502:
10248:
10093:
9845:
9600:
9513:
9491:
9414:
9410:
9339:
9255:
9200:
9195:
9018:
8862:
8751:
8343:
8315:
8287:
8282:
8111:
8087:
8039:
8022:
8017:
7999:
7989:
7984:
7946:
7896:
7891:
7808:
7754:
7177:
6060:
5650:
5331:
5259:
4954:
3891:
3845:
3816:
system. This massive scale communication technology has emerged as the common basis of all
3603:, which has origins in the 1970s, allows digital information to appear as paper documents.
3468:
3456:
3437:
The first developments for storing data were initially based on photographs, starting with
3103:
3000:
2668:
2636:), following certain cyclical patterns and creating "economic waves", also referred to as "
2549:
2492:
2419:
2301:
2009:
1766:
1687:
1404:
1291:
718:
492:
422:
343:
329:
205:
201:
70:; long-distance communication between computer systems is a hallmark of the Information Age
7325:
5385:
5150:
2761:
1708:
A timeline of major milestones of the Information Age, from the first message sent by the
8:
10347:
10202:
10110:
10062:
10030:
10011:
9870:
9735:
9605:
9395:
9324:
9081:
9054:
9037:
9025:
8847:
8803:
8608:
8533:
8449:
8434:
8199:
7979:
7936:
7931:
7828:
7818:
7790:
7602:
6204:
5997:
5987:
5916:
2013 1st International Conference on Emerging Trends and Applications in Computer Science
5154:
5010:
4154:
3966:
3961:
3812:., the venture that popularized the optical amplifier with the introduction of the first
3594:
3209:
3033:
3026:
2789:
2594:
2496:
1955:
1797:
1758:
1742:
1525:
1415:
to offer online internet banking services to all of its members in October 1994. In 1996
487:
371:
304:
7596:
6064:
5654:
5335:
5263:
1563:
10832:
10817:
10807:
10787:
10782:
10777:
10772:
10766:
10084:
10052:
9590:
9506:
9496:
9329:
9292:
9222:
9161:
9144:
9098:
9008:
8922:
8736:
8573:
8472:
8348:
8305:
8214:
8156:
8141:
8131:
7916:
7715:
7590:
7535:
7353:"Total share: 30 years of personal computer market share figures; The new era (2001– )"
7258:
6076:
5813:
Lathe III, Warren C.; Williams, Jennifer M.; Mangan, Mary E.; Karolchik, Donna (2008).
5728:
5355:
5293:
4718:
4411:
4001:
3764:
3756:
3573:
combined and extended these abilities of computing, mobility, and information sharing.
3531:
3464:
3446:
3266:
3244:
3187:
3073:
2943:
2903:
2860:
2840:
2781:
2578:. These should be restated because they are based on the ambiguous definitions made by
2512:
2508:
2440:
2403:
2269:
2222:
2029:
1867:
1778:
1735:
1582:. By 2012, over 2 billion people used the Internet, twice the number using it in 2007.
1416:
1252:
1105:
1081:
1019:
857:
763:
545:
417:
248:
7620:
5638:
5128:(Report). Essential Facts About the Computer and Video Game Industry. Vol. 2015.
3581:, which first began appearing in the late 1960s, led to the transition from analog to
2935:, whereby wages are less dependent on the success or failure of individual economies.
2275:
10873:
10553:
10547:
10541:
10147:
10120:
10057:
10045:
10006:
9975:
9720:
9622:
9610:
9595:
9575:
9486:
9433:
9405:
9387:
9190:
9066:
9059:
8872:
8820:
8798:
8726:
8593:
8523:
8502:
8464:
8272:
8239:
8219:
7911:
7823:
7697:
7558:
7506:
7263:
7220:
7181:
6872:
6733:
6729:
To the Digital Age: Research Labs, Start-up Companies, and the Rise of MOS Technology
6706:
6575:
6526:
6503:
6360:
6160:
6114:
6080:
6005:
5983:
5927:
5849:
5732:
5697:
5674:
5666:
5623:
5347:
5297:
5285:
5277:
4698:
4491:
4464:
4277:
4087:
4077:
4045:
3886:
3797:
3771:
3692:
3499:
3372:
3274:
3233:
3213:
3157:
3149:
3041:
3010:
2987:
2979:
2737:
2730:
networks grew at a sustained compound annual growth rate of 7% between 1986 and 2007;
2664:
2657:
2633:
2583:
2500:
2435:
2265:
1789:
1492:
the following year. In 2002, a majority of U.S. survey respondents reported having a
1485:
1275:
1051:
996:
992:
978:
837:
developed electromechanical tabulating and calculating devices using punch cards and
829:
in the last quarter of the 19th century developed useful electrical circuits and the
819:
703:
687:
408:
362:
10856:
9865:
5612:
4415:
1018:
Other important technological developments included the invention of the monolithic
10634:
10629:
10475:
10464:
10125:
10115:
10025:
9985:
9980:
9955:
9950:
9946:
9481:
9471:
9297:
9245:
9149:
9013:
8902:
8852:
8830:
8825:
8756:
8426:
8310:
8277:
8072:
7994:
7883:
7869:
7864:
7813:
7800:
7725:
7678:
7515:
7062:
6499:
6352:
6068:
5919:
5902:
5658:
5639:"The World's Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information"
5386:"Worldmapper: The world as you've never seen it before - Cellular Subscribers 1990"
5359:
5339:
5267:
5248:"The World's Technological Capacity to Store, Communicate, and Compute Information"
5125:
5038:
4984:
4921:
4914:
4888:
4403:
3926:
3787:
3696:
3600:
3424:
3133:
2697:
2567:
2504:
2395:
2327:
2005:
1943:
1895:
1831:
1774:
1478:
1444:
1420:
1302:
1283:
1264:
1202:
1144:
970:
877:
834:
771:
573:
234:
57:
1738:, which could be duplicated on-demand for library patrons and other institutions.
1443:
was the only connection type affordable by individual users; the present day mass
1356:
1989–2005: Invention of the World Wide Web, mainstreaming of the Internet, Web 1.0
1233:, in which multiple separate networks could be joined into a network of networks.
10861:
10703:
10443:
10384:
10379:
10373:
9965:
9855:
9795:
9680:
9528:
9523:
9501:
9421:
9375:
9132:
9086:
8984:
8961:
8917:
8702:
8497:
8391:
8363:
8257:
8209:
8194:
8179:
8034:
8029:
7969:
7859:
7833:
7785:
7730:
7642:
7541:
7298:
7171:
6428:
6211:
6156:
6048:
5923:
5784:
5743:
5722:
5619:
5033:
3981:
3946:
3582:
3566:
3438:
3428:
3416:
3349:
3330:
3049:
3045:
3006:
2919:
2907:
2887:
2828:
2641:
2637:
2571:
2204:
2017:
2013:
1875:
1830:
The world's technological capacity to store information grew from 2.6 (optimally
1785:
1754:
1750:
1729:
1713:
1583:
1489:
1474:
1396:
1370:
1230:
1148:
1136:
1109:
1101:
873:
845:
815:
714:
590:
272:
91:
10880:
7608:
2799:
in which he discusses the similarities and differences between products made of
1851:
in 2014, the informational equivalent of 4,500 stacks of printed books from the
9992:
9970:
9885:
9805:
9760:
9700:
9665:
9457:
9370:
9275:
9183:
8974:
8808:
8731:
8603:
8507:
8406:
8252:
8224:
7614:
7391:
6147:
5966:
5946:
5608:
5343:
4407:
3936:
3911:
3707:
3703:
was added to support the diskette drive; the last version was "Apple DOS 3.3".
3562:
3558:
3542:
3538:
3519:
3368:
3360:
3334:
3298:
3290:
3248:
3199:
3195:
2703:
2563:
2524:
2445:
2359:
2256:
2218:
2147:
1997:
1993:
1871:
1822:
1770:
1746:
1463:
1392:
1385:
1374:
1325:
1260:
1158:
1089:
1043:
1031:
1000:
986:
908:
904:
751:
309:
7303:
6421:
5183:
2593:
From a strategic point of view, sectors can be defined as information sector,
10895:
10420:
10414:
10405:
10399:
10341:
10332:
10323:
10305:
10294:
10282:
10252:
10074:
9840:
9725:
9640:
9585:
9445:
9365:
9260:
9110:
9103:
8996:
8949:
8842:
8698:
8492:
7780:
7267:
6530:
6188:
6049:"Modeling the transition from the Industrial to the Informational Revolution"
5950:
5873:
5701:
5670:
5572:
5281:
4589:
4390:
4006:
3931:
3775:
3774:). In 1953, Bram van Heel demonstrated image transmission through bundles of
3770:
The two core technologies are the optical fiber and light amplification (the
3743:
3665:
3622:
3484:
3396:
3376:
3225:
3165:
3161:
3037:
2971:
2927:
2883:
2872:
2852:
2794:
2785:
2777:
2710:
2653:
2645:
2602:
2371:
2305:
2229:
1725:
1432:
1279:
1244:
1237:
1214:
1206:
1152:
1132:
1059:
1055:
896:
888:
884:
767:
698:. The onset of the Information Age has been linked to the development of the
583:
258:
149:
30:
This article is about the historical period. For the album by dead prez, see
8667:
6345:
McGowan, Robert. 1991. "The Work of Nations by Robert Reich" (book review).
5662:
5412:"Worldmapper: The world as you've never seen it before - Communication Maps"
5272:
5247:
5099:"155M Americans play video games, and 80% of households own a gaming device"
5043:
4091:
3561:
features to some computers. Now commonplace, this technology is extended to
3518:(coined in 1974). Access to the Internet improved with the invention of the
1499:
10885:
10164:
10157:
10152:
10021:
10016:
9960:
9875:
9675:
9580:
9426:
9400:
9309:
8991:
8979:
8927:
8887:
8882:
8746:
8741:
8588:
8247:
6356:
5678:
5351:
5317:
5289:
5151:"Demographics of Mobile Device Ownership and Adoption in the United States"
4017:
Information and communication technologies for environmental sustainability
3916:
3850:
3793:
3739:
3677:
3578:
3450:
3432:
3392:
3384:
3345:
3326:
3282:
3217:
3129:
3108:
The onset of the Information Age can be associated with the development of
3018:
2975:
2967:
2963:
2923:
2879:
2832:
2649:
2375:
2355:
2233:
2208:
1962:
1863:
1813:
1692:
1562:. In September 2007, a majority of U.S. survey respondents reported having
1509:
1493:
1428:
1248:
1113:
1023:
1008:
962:
938:
807:
759:
280:
253:
4736:
2726:
the world's technological capacity to receive information through one-way
2709:
These works can be seen as following the path originated with the work of
2311:
1886:
The world's technological capacity to receive information through one-way
1423:, became the second online bank in the world and the first in Europe. The
10574:
10130:
10089:
10035:
9815:
9563:
9558:
9550:
9535:
9360:
9265:
9076:
8912:
8877:
8857:
8837:
8815:
8780:
8578:
8204:
8116:
5103:
4276:(4. print. ed.). Urbana: University of Illinois Press. p. 144.
3711:
3476:
3400:
3388:
3314:
3294:
3221:
3205:
3153:
2899:
2895:
2553:
2450:
2391:
2367:
2252:
2245:
2172:
2001:
1555:
1457:
1453:
1108:
could be contained on a single MOS LSI chip. In 1968, Fairchild engineer
1047:
1035:
892:
721:
459:
454:
324:
174:
5007:"Demographics of Internet and Home Broadband Usage in the United States"
4613:"Forgotten arcade games let you shoot space men and catch live lobsters"
4537:
1628:
Cell phone subscribers: 12.5 million (0.25% of world population in 1990)
981:. From the late 1940s, universities, military, and businesses developed
10358:
9346:
9334:
9304:
9270:
9210:
8892:
8598:
8528:
8121:
7854:
7710:
7173:
Junctionless Field-Effect Transistors: Design, Modeling, and Simulation
6864:
Nanowire Transistors: Physics of Devices and Materials in One Dimension
6660:
6254:
3986:
3951:
3906:
3809:
3685:
3681:
3570:
3503:
3492:
3353:
3341:
3321:
integrated circuit was developed by Fred Heiman and Steven Hofstein at
3270:
3109:
3089:
3068:
A visualization of the various routes through a portion of the Internet
3022:
2959:
2932:
2891:
2868:
2864:
2824:
2820:
2736:
the world's effective capacity to exchange information through two-way
2700:
2379:
2351:
2339:
2323:
2320:
2293:
2285:
2241:
2237:
2188:
2070: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1902:
in 2000; and 1.9 zettabytes in 2007, the information equivalent of 174
1899:
1762:
1616:
1587:
1579:
1551:
1513:
1117:
950:
811:
795:
791:
699:
475:
285:
238:
213:
159:
87:
3340:
The first commercial single-chip microprocessor launched in 1971, the
2660:) distinguished by their nature, duration, and, thus, economic impact.
1680:
Cell phone subscribers: 6.31 billion (78% of world population in 2023)
1667:
Cell phone subscribers: 4.78 billion (62% of world population in 2020)
1225:, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of
10169:
10100:
10001:
9997:
9780:
9617:
9352:
9314:
8907:
8721:
8103:
8064:
6130:
5604:
5434:"Cell Phone Dangers - Protecting Our Homes From Cell Phone Radiation"
4876:
Cheeseman Day, Jennifer; Janus, Alex; Davis, Jessica (October 2005).
4041:
3991:
3976:
3805:
3804:, and also established the first optical telecommunications company,
3700:
3480:
3442:
3306:
3263:
3137:
3014:
2942:, the internet has just as well allowed for increased opportunity in
2856:
2848:
2816:
2727:
2520:
2516:
2399:
2335:
2180:
2143:
1959:
1921:
1903:
1848:
1732:
1641:
Cell phone subscribers: 1.5 billion (19% of world population in 2002)
1470:
where text messaging didn't become commonplace till the early 2000s.
1400:
1097:
1066:
1004:
995:
became economical for widespread adoption after the invention of the
974:
954:
830:
787:
578:
299:
163:
67:
6072:
5982:
3828:
Manuel Castells captures the significance of the Information Age in
3064:
2682:
2537:
Industries develop information-generating activities, the so-called
2045:
1229:. The ARPANET in particular led to the development of protocols for
1185:
9770:
9466:
9287:
9115:
9030:
8969:
8932:
8164:
7647:
6967:"1970: MOS Dynamic RAM Competes with Magnetic Core Memory on Price"
5760:
3896:
3760:
3755:. Optical communication provides the transmission backbone for the
3722:
3657:
3646:
3629:
were all released in 1977, becoming the most popular by late 1978.
3618:
3515:
3380:
3177:
3053:
2836:
2819:
in several ways, such as compelling workers to compete in a global
2773:
2757:
2343:
2331:
2297:
2260:
1926:
1839:
1654:
Cell phone subscribers: 4 billion (68% of world population in 2010)
1612:
1608:
1543:
1436:
1424:
1313:
1210:
1194:
982:
290:
187:
95:
63:
10868:
7584:
7212:
4837:"Stanford Federal Credit Union Pioneers Online Financial Services"
4650:
3459:
was developed from the research of Frederick W. Viehe in 1947 and
3076:, which was itself enabled by building on the developments of the
1466:
became widely used in the late 1990s worldwide, except for in the
1007:
mathematician, is credited for having laid out the foundations of
9685:
9540:
9452:
7574:
6830:"1971: Microprocessor Integrates CPU Function onto a Single Chip"
6193:
The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States
5180:"World Internet Users Statistics and 2014 World Population Stats"
4437:"1971: Microprocessor Integrates CPU Function onto a Single Chip"
4125:"Globalization, Informatization, and Intercultural Communication"
3971:
3673:
3511:
3488:
3460:
3383:(both in 1977) gave individuals access to the computer. However,
3278:
2687:
Porat (1976) measured the information sector in the US using the
2625:
2411:
2156:
2025:
1891:
1835:
1505:
1477:
in the 1990s, the digital revolution spread to the masses in the
1440:
1222:
1198:
989:
being the first commercially available general-purpose computer.
869:
5812:
5316:
Gillings, Michael R.; Hilbert, Martin; Kemp, Darrell J. (2016).
4333:"1960 - Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) Transistor Demonstrated"
3808:, to design communication systems. The firm was a co-founder in
3387:
between individual computers was either non-existent or largely
2385:
1193:
The public was first introduced to the concepts that led to the
9705:
5126:
2015 Essential Facts About the Computer and Video Game Industry
4785:"20 years ago today, the World Wide Web was born - TNW Insider"
4559:
4110:
Wavelength Division Multiplexing: A Practical Engineering Guide
3626:
3546:
3318:
3310:
3097:
3072:
The Information Age was enabled by technology developed in the
2844:
2542:
2459:
2455:
2407:
2168:
1989:
1843:
1657:
Internet users: 1.8 billion (26.6% of world population in 2010)
1631:
Internet users: 2.8 million (0.05% of world population in 1990)
1318:
1218:
861:
783:
614:
3541:, the rapid miniaturization of MOSFETs at a rate predicted by
3506:
to mainframes, and special message-sharing systems leading to
3220:
drove development of the first electronic computers, based on
2878:
Along with automation, jobs traditionally associated with the
1670:
Internet users: 4.54 billion (59% of world population in 2020)
1593:
9670:
9660:
9655:
9127:
9122:
7446:
Optical Fiber Amplifiers: Materials Devices, and Applications
7116:
5318:"Information in the Biosphere: Biological and Digital Worlds"
4209:
3801:
3554:
3507:
3237:
2528:
2366:. Finally, the most recent metaparadigm aims at transforming
2289:
2196:
2192:
2184:
2160:
2021:
1852:
1683:
Internet users: 5.4 billion (67% of world population in 2023)
1644:
Internet users: 631 million (11% of world population in 2002)
1121:
942:
900:
6149:
A History of Mass Communication: Six Information Revolutions
6029:
The Informational Revolution, Cybernetics and Urban Modeling
4953:(Report). JSM Proceedings, Survey Research Methods Section.
1159:
1969–1989: Invention of the internet, rise of home computers
1131:
MOS technology also led to the development of semiconductor
724:
systems and internet communications as the driving force of
9800:
7621:
The Unintended Consequences of Information Age Technologies
6643:"1963: Complementary MOS Circuit Configuration is Invented"
4367:"1963: Complementary MOS Circuit Configuration is Invented"
3651:
3590:
2915:
2800:
2692:
2618:
2606:
2475:
may relate to, or contrast with, such widely used terms as
2350:, was dedicated to the transformation of energy, including
2176:
2164:
1992:
can be rendered and manipulated as data. This started with
1967:
1547:
1381:
1240:
movement of the 1960s advocated the use of new technology.
1120:, the first single-chip microprocessor. It was released by
124:
7459:
George, Gilder (4 April 1997). "Fiber Keeps its Promise".
6861:
Colinge, Jean-Pierre; Greer, James C.; Greer, Jim (2016).
6603:
5757:"Digital Data Storage is Undergoing Mind-Boggling Growth".
3699:
was only the built-in BASIC interpreter contained in ROM.
3005:
Industry has become more information-intensive while less
2950:
translates into increased opportunities and higher wages.
2722:
More recent estimates have reached the following results:
818:
proposed a mechanical general-purpose computer called the
111:
7624:
7575:
Articles on the impact of the Information Age on business
4814:
3322:
3021:
as the value of their labor decreases. For the system of
2982:
might be partially offset by the rapid growth of jobs in
2953:
2804:
2330:. Here authors distinguish three different long-term meta
1856:
1500:
2005–2020: Web 2.0, social media, smartphones, digital TV
7024:
7022:
6766:"Tortoise of Transistors Wins the Race - CHM Revolution"
4314:
Invention of Integrated Circuits: Untold Important Facts
4299:
Invention of Integrated Circuits: Untold Important Facts
4040:. Media, Religion and Culture (1st ed.). New York:
3565:
and other wearable devices. Starting in the late 1990s,
3144:
in 1952. The most widely used type of transistor is the
2792:
captured the essence of these changes in his 1995 book,
2195:
in 3,500 B.C. and writing in Egypt in 2,560 B.C. and in
1484:
By 2000, a majority of U.S. households had at least one
9785:
7141:"Telstra trial claims world's fasts transmission speed"
6758:
4875:
4074:
The information age : economy, society and culture
3498:
Copper wire cables transmitting digital data connected
2958:
The Information Age has affected the workforce in that
2776:, and other ICT tools—became a significant part of the
2466:
1807:
1306:
895:
used electromechanical systems to complete in 1941 the
7538:, March–April 2010, Volume 98, Number 2, p. 106ff
6568:
The Design of CMOS Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuits
6489:
4948:
Ownership and Usage Patterns of Cell Phones: 2000-2005
4878:"Computer and Internet Use in the United States: 2003"
4012:
The Hacker Ethic and the Spirit of the Information Age
1788:, the proliferation of the smaller and less expensive
841:, which became widespread in business and government.
10845:
7019:
6422:
Information Technology Workers in the Digital Economy
4271:
3637:
released the Sord M200 Smart Home Computer in Japan.
3044:
are important predictors of the performance of a new
2296:. The Secondary Information Age was developed by the
2035:
6959:
6519:"Film Version of Zuckerberg Divides the Generations"
5888:, 5(2), 137-162. doi: 10.22059/jcss.2021.327938.1065
5801:
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA
5311:
5309:
5307:
3467:
in 1949. With the advent of the MOS transistor, MOS
2319:
Others classify it in terms of the well-established
2211:'s publication of the laws of motion and gravity in
1719:
1112:
improved MOS technology with his development of the
713:, the Information Age was formed by capitalizing on
5315:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5233:
5231:
5229:
5227:
4643:"How many Commodore 64 computers were really sold?"
4386:"The Surprising Story of the First Microprocessors"
3549:were developed as a form of portable computer, and
3243:The invention of the transistor enabled the era of
3025:itself, the value of labor decreases, the value of
2914:either lose their jobs through outsourcing, accept
2315:
Stages of development expressed as Kondratiev waves
1773:, formulated around 1965, would calculate that the
1080:chips in the early 1960s, MOS chips reached higher
6466:
5868:Jillianne Code, Rachel Ralph, Kieran Forde et al.
5691:
5559:The Scholar and the Future of the Research Library
5456:"Number of mobile phone users worldwide 2015-2020"
5406:
5404:
5402:
4327:
4325:
4323:
4247:"Transistor History - Invention of the Transistor"
7547:The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture
7415:"Fiber-Optic Technology Draws Record Stock Value"
7326:"M200 Smart Home Computer Series-Computer Museum"
7170:Sahay, Shubham; Kumar, Mamidala Jagadesh (2019).
6860:
6798:"1968: Silicon Gate Technology Developed for ICs"
6312:"How Information Gives You Competitive Advantage"
5815:"Genomic Data Resources: Challenges and Promises"
5304:
4945:
4483:
4400:Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
4185:"Regulation for the Fourth Industrial Revolution"
3830:The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture
3146:metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor
2994:
2683:Measuring and modeling the information revolution
2207:'s 1543 proof that the planets orbit the Sun and
1699:
1340:and for all their animation films between 1990's
1104:, as engineers began recognizing that a complete
1050:at Bell Labs in 1959, and the development of the
1040:metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor
10893:
6937:"1956: First commercial hard disk drive shipped"
6198:
6111:The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation
5903:https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.2/mhilbert
5224:
4460:The Electronics Revolution: Inventing the Future
3823:
3820:and, thus, a foundation of the Information Age.
3721:Despite slow initial sales, the lifetime of the
3553:(PDAs) could be used while standing or walking.
3281:integrated circuit was then invented in 1959 by
3120:in 1925. The first practical transistor was the
2788:greatly changed many businesses and industries.
1984:Genetic code may also be considered part of the
7631:History & Discussion of the Information Age
5637:Hilbert, Martin; López, Priscila (April 2011).
5590:computer performance to double every 18 months.
5506:"Fact and Figure 2023 - Mobile phone ownership"
5399:
5207:"Worldwide digital population as of April 2020"
5065:Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2008
4320:
3013:. This has left important implications for the
2871:), who are able to compete successfully in the
2810:
2203:The Scientific Age began in the period between
1784:By the early 1980s, along with improvements in
1435:and people in several other countries used the
6732:. Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 46.
6042:
6040:
6023:
6021:
5799:Gilbert, Walter; Allan Maxam. "Biochemistry."
4915:Computer and Internet Use in the United States
2024:breast cancer gene mutation. Sequence data in
1427:expanded quickly, and by 1996, it was part of
806:had produced mass-market calculators like the
9912:
8697:
8683:
7687:Note: This template roughly follows the 2012
7663:
7245:
7030:"1971: Reusable semiconductor ROM introduced"
6905:"1953: Whirlwind computer debuts core memory"
5957:, Urbana, Ill., University of Illinois Press.
5565:
4920:(Report). Current Population Survey Reports.
4839:(Press release). 21 June 1995. Archived from
4782:
4610:
4210:"Museum Of Applied Arts And Sciences - About"
2831:, where solutions typically involve lowering
2640:". There are various types of waves, such as
2386:Information in social and economic activities
1988:. Now that sequencing has been computerized,
1116:MOS chip, which he later used to develop the
635:
6854:
5913:
5636:
5245:
3778:with a transparent cladding. The same year,
3160:(CMOS) fabrication process was developed by
2962:and computerization have resulted in higher
2898:) have also begun to disappear as result of
2632:manifests saturation effects (related term:
1724:Library expansion was calculated in 1945 by
1560:transition from analog to digital television
711:United Nations Public Administration Network
7384:"Personal Computer Market Share: 1975–2004"
6046:
6037:
6018:
5872:, 14 September 2021, preprint (Version 1).
5573:"Moore's Law to roll on for another decade"
5550:
4452:
4450:
4272:Shannon, Claude E.; Weaver, Warren (1963).
4107:
2370:. It started out with the proliferation of
1881:
1866:stored appears to be growing approximately
1745:that would follow decades later to replace
1594:Rise in digital technology use of computers
876:for various military applications, and the
9919:
9905:
8690:
8676:
7670:
7656:
7169:
6113:, Dent, London. (first published in 1817)
5874:https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-899835/v1
4244:
2912:post-industrial (i.e. developed) societies
1124:in 1971, and laid the foundations for the
642:
628:
56:
27:Industrial shift to information technology
6452:
6287:. Archives.obs-us.com. 30 December 1996.
5271:
5246:Hilbert, Martin; López, Priscila (2011).
5072:Statistical Abstract of the United States
2130:Learn how and when to remove this message
1566:at home. According to estimates from the
1558:became the first countries to completely
1530:Seventh generation of video game consoles
1301:Motorola created the first mobile phone,
1255:, the first coin-op video games, and the
864:for water management in the Netherlands,
7254:"Technology; The Computer Entering Home"
7251:
7138:
6690:
6376:
5955:The Mathematical Theory of Communication
4456:
4447:
4383:
4274:The mathematical theory of communication
4067:
4065:
4063:
4061:
3759:and computer networks that underlie the
3650:
3309:in 1957. Following the invention of the
3063:
2754:Information and communication technology
2310:
2274:
1821:
1703:
1686:
1534:Eighth generation of video game consoles
1184:
1181:Fourth generation of video game consoles
1173:Second generation of video game consoles
928:
907:encoding. The base-10 electromechanical
7412:
7375:
7060:
6725:
6437:Economics and Statistics Administration
6182:
6103:
5940:
5533:"Facts and Figures 2023 - Internet Use"
5174:
5172:
4103:
4101:
3668:(known as "Woz"), a regular visitor to
1781:doubles approximately every two years.
1538:Ninth generation of video game consoles
1366:Sixth generation of video game consoles
1362:Fifth generation of video game consoles
1177:Third generation of video game consoles
1169:First generation of video game consoles
14:
10894:
8387:Knowledge representation and reasoning
7605:by Alberts and Papp (CCRP, 2001) (PDF)
7599:by Alberts and Papp (CCRP, 2000) (PDF)
7593:by Alberts and Papp (CCRP, 1997) (PDF)
7503:Digitalzeitalter - Digitalgesellschaft
7458:
7381:
7350:
7252:Schuyten, Peter J. (6 December 1978).
7163:
6554:
6552:
6453:Chang, Yongsung; Hong, Jay H. (2013).
6234:from the original on 14 September 2015
6224:"Information Age Education Newsletter"
5960:
5843:
5031:
4946:Tuckel, Peter; O'Neill, Harry (2005).
4703:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
4311:
4296:
4108:Grobe, Klaus; Eiselt, Michael (2013).
4071:
4035:
3848:in the Information Age in a piece for
3017:, as workers have become increasingly
2954:Automation, productivity, and job gain
1979:
1139:. The first such image sensor was the
1013:A Mathematical Theory of Communication
777:
9900:
8671:
8412:Philosophy of artificial intelligence
7651:
7609:Understanding Information Age Warfare
7555:Crossing the Executive Digital Divide
7363:from the original on 21 February 2008
7194:from the original on 21 December 2019
6703:Springer Science & Business Media
6696:
6659:
6623:from the original on 13 December 2013
6537:from the original on 14 November 2020
6410:from the original on 13 October 2010.
6395:
6341:
6339:
6337:
6291:from the original on 4 September 2011
6169:
6087:
5600:
5598:
5556:
5511:International Telecommunication Union
5096:
4719:"COMPUTE! magazine issue 93 Feb 1988"
4557:
4112:. John T Wiley & Sons. p. 2.
4058:
3729:
3606:
3522:in 1991. The capacity expansion from
3514:in 1969. This expanded to become the
2875:and receive (relatively) high wages.
2815:The Information Age has affected the
914:
7731:Energy consumption (Green computing)
7677:
7611:by Alberts et al. (CCRP, 2001) (PDF)
7443:
7425:from the original on 9 November 2021
7233:from the original on 18 January 2022
7151:from the original on 17 October 2019
6979:from the original on 26 October 2021
6699:History of Semiconductor Engineering
6591:from the original on 9 December 2019
6516:
6252:
6140:
6124:
5976:
5825:from the original on 6 December 2021
5755:Rizzatti, Lauro. 14 September 2016.
5431:
5169:
4912:
4377:
4347:from the original on 27 October 2019
4177:
4098:
4036:Hoover, Stewart M. (26 April 2006).
3672:meetings, designed the single-board
2467:The theory of information revolution
2068:adding citations to reliable sources
2039:
1808:Information storage and Kryder's law
1741:Rider did not foresee, however, the
977:. This led the way to more advanced
935:Pennsylvania state historical marker
8417:Distributed artificial intelligence
7689:ACM Computing Classification System
7489:. 25 January 2023. 25 January 2023.
7351:Reimer, Jeremy (14 December 2005).
7332:from the original on 3 January 2020
7112:"1987: Toshiba Launches NAND Flash"
7104:
7042:from the original on 3 October 2019
6917:from the original on 3 October 2019
6842:from the original on 12 August 2021
6558:
6549:
6398:"Job Losses and Productivity Gains"
5848:. Colombo: S. Godage and Brothers.
5714:Gantz, John; David Reinsel (2012).
5204:
4373:from the original on 23 March 2016.
4215:Museum of Applied Arts and Sciences
4147:
3192:Invention of the integrated circuit
2346:. The second, often referred to as
2279:Three stages of the Information Age
1769:digital technologies. Accordingly,
1542:In late 2005 the population of the
1084:and lower manufacturing costs than
810:and the enabling technology of the
774:, as the popular medium of choice.
24:
10223:British credit crisis of 1772–1773
7922:Integrated development environment
7495:
7139:Saarinen, Juha (24 January 2018).
7061:Fulford, Benjamin (24 June 2002).
6885:from the original on 17 March 2020
6778:from the original on 10 March 2020
6649:from the original on 23 July 2019.
6334:
6309:
6265:from the original on 1 August 2020
5899:Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
5595:
5130:Entertainment Software Association
4560:"2,076 IT jobs from 492 companies"
4165:from the original on 1 August 2020
4122:
2902:. Unable to compete with those in
2251:The Information Age also requires
2036:Different stage conceptualizations
1909:The world's effective capacity to
1576:Entertainment Software Association
883:Building on the complexity of the
25:
10953:
9936:Commonwealth of Nations countries
9881:Western European and Others Group
8397:Automated planning and scheduling
7927:Software configuration management
7603:Information Age Anthology Vol III
7568:
7448:. Artech House, Inc. pp. xi.
7274:from the original on 22 July 2018
7073:from the original on 3 March 2008
6947:from the original on 31 July 2019
6810:from the original on 29 July 2020
6746:from the original on 27 July 2020
6322:from the original on 23 June 2015
5323:Trends in Ecology & Evolution
4487:Scientific charge-coupled devices
3471:was developed by John Schmidt at
3371:in the 1970s, the development of
1720:Library expansion and Moore's law
1197:when a message was sent over the
10879:
10867:
10855:
8651:
8641:
8632:
8631:
7636:Science Museum – Information Age
7597:Information Age Anthology Vol II
7521:In the Depths of the Digital Age
7476:
7467:
7452:
7437:
7406:
7382:Reimer, Jeremy (December 2005).
7344:
7318:
7302:. September 1995. Archived from
7286:
7216:Inventing the Electronic Century
7206:
7132:
7085:
7054:
7007:from the original on 9 June 2021
6991:
6929:
6897:
6822:
6679:from the original on 29 May 2008
6561:"A Review of MOS Device Physics"
6403:Competitive Enterprise Institute
5579:from the original on 9 July 2015
5481:"Global digital population 2020"
5366:from the original on 4 June 2016
4959:American Statistical Association
4558:Criss, Fillur (14 August 2014).
4512:"History of Whole Earth Catalog"
4384:Shirriff, Ken (30 August 2016).
3814:dense wave division multiplexing
3524:dense wave division multiplexing
3491:in 1980, Toshiba commercialized
2044:
2008:in 1977, grew steadily with the
1257:golden age of arcade video games
1011:in his pioneering 1948 article,
123:
110:
9932:recessions in the United States
8642:
8045:Computational complexity theory
7591:Information Age Anthology Vol I
6790:
6719:
6672:, Stockholm: Nobel Foundation,
6653:
6635:
6510:
6483:
6446:
6414:
6389:
6370:
6303:
6277:
6246:
6216:
6098:Conditions of Economic Progress
5907:
5891:
5878:
5862:
5837:
5806:
5793:
5771:
5749:
5708:
5685:
5630:
5525:
5498:
5473:
5448:
5425:
5378:
5198:
5143:
5118:
5090:
5057:
5034:"Game Consoles in 41% of Homes"
5025:
4999:
4973:
4939:
4906:
4869:
4863:"History - About us - OP Group"
4855:
4829:
4802:
4783:Martin Bryant (6 August 2011).
4776:
4750:
4729:
4711:
4665:
4635:
4604:
4578:
4551:
4530:
4504:
4477:
4429:
4359:
4305:
4290:
4265:
3247:(1950s–1970s), typified by the
2601:, thus extending the classical
2556:", "managerial functions", etc.
2378:and has now entered the age of
2055:needs additional citations for
1948:Trends in Ecology and Evolution
1151:at Bell Labs in 1969, based on
1042:(MOSFET, or MOS transistor) by
7829:Network performance evaluation
7615:Information Age Transformation
7501:Oliver Stengel et al. (2017).
7413:Markoff, John (3 March 1997).
6611:"Who Invented the Transistor?"
6517:Carr, David (3 October 2010).
6455:"Does Technology Create Jobs?"
6396:Smith, Fran (5 October 2010).
6137:, Progress Publishers, Moscow.
5790:, 2020. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
5561:. New York City: Hadham Press.
5078:. 30 December 2007. p. 52
5032:Arendt, Susan (5 March 2007).
4611:Vincze Miklós (15 June 2013).
4538:"Personal Computer Milestones"
4238:
4229:
4202:
4116:
4029:
3329:MOS IC was later developed by
3297:, who was in turn building on
3255:provided data calculation and
3083:
3059:
3048:. However, as demonstrated by
2995:Information-intensive industry
2675:From a different perspective,
1968:synaptic operations per second
1933:
1700:Overview of early developments
1518:Digital terrestrial television
1065:In 1962 AT&T deployed the
1030:in 1959 (made possible by the
13:
1:
8200:Multimedia information system
8185:Geographic information system
8175:Enterprise information system
7764:Computer systems organization
7617:by Alberts (CCRP, 2002) (PDF)
7482:Chatterton Williams, Thomas.
6492:Journal of Business Venturing
6377:Bhagwati, Jagdish N. (2005).
5886:Journal of Cyberspace Studies
5097:North, Dale (14 April 2015).
4023:
3824:Economy, society, and culture
3706:Its higher price and lack of
3613:History of personal computers
3182:History of computing hardware
3112:technology. The concept of a
2611:Capitalist mode of production
2588:quinary sector of the economy
2146:, the Scientific Age and the
1522:Digital television transition
1409:Stanford Federal Credit Union
1165:History of arcade video games
1076:Following the development of
745:History of computing hardware
715:computer microminiaturization
106:
92:computer microminiaturization
8559:Computational social science
8147:Theoretical computer science
7960:Software development process
7736:Electronic design automation
7721:Very Large Scale Integration
7550:, 3 vols. Oxford: Blackwell.
7525:The New York Review of Books
7219:. Harvard University Press.
6504:10.1016/0883-9026(94)90013-2
5973:, MIT Press, CA, \\\, p. 155
5924:10.1109/icetacs.2013.6691382
5803:. Vol. 74. No 2, pp. 560-64.
4981:"One Billion People Online!"
4758:"A short history of the Web"
4490:. SPIE Press. pp. 3–4.
4463:. Springer. pp. 245–8.
4245:Phil Ament (17 April 2015).
3922:Democratization of knowledge
3880:Fourth Industrial Revolution
3875:Second Industrial Revolution
3413:History of telecommunication
3171:
3124:, invented by the engineers
2811:Jobs and income distribution
2747:
2228:The Industrial Age began in
2219:moveable type printing press
1100:was the basis for the first
921:Early history of video games
827:Second Industrial Revolution
733:Fourth Industrial Revolution
694:, to an economy centered on
121:Fourth Industrial Revolution
116:Second Industrial Revolution
66:to display information from
7:
10678:1997 Asian financial crisis
10311:Civil War-era United States
8382:Natural language processing
8170:Information storage systems
7531:Avoiding a Digital Dark Age
7000:Solid State Design - Vol. 6
6726:Bassett, Ross Knox (2007).
6379:In defense of Globalization
5692:Hilbert, Martin R. (2011).
3870:First Industrial Revolution
3857:
3844:wrote about the dangers of
3640:
3551:personal digital assistants
3142:bipolar junction transistor
1695:containing many desktop PCs
949:In 1947, the first working
660:Third Industrial Revolution
46:Third Industrial Revolution
10:
10958:
10454:Post–World War I recession
10274:Post-Napoleonic Depression
8298:Human–computer interaction
8268:Intrusion detection system
8180:Social information systems
8165:Database management system
7585:Beyond the Information Age
7528:Bollacker, Kurt D. (2010)
7294:"Most Important Companies"
7256:. Business & Finance.
6869:Cambridge University Press
6572:Cambridge University Press
6465:(3): 44–53. Archived from
6100:, McMillan and Co, London.
6053:Environment and Planning A
5844:Iranga, Suroshana (2016).
5344:10.1016/j.tree.2015.12.013
4484:James R. Janesick (2001).
4408:10.1109/MSPEC.2016.7551353
4155:"The History of Computers"
3902:Cognitive-cultural economy
3842:Thomas Chatterton Williams
3818:telecommunication networks
3733:
3644:
3610:
3410:
3317:at Bell Labs in 1959, the
3185:
3175:
3156:at Bell Labs in 1960. The
3101:
3087:
2998:
1918:telecommunication networks
1811:
1597:
1503:
1359:
1205:networks such as ARPANET,
1162:
918:
802:. By the early 1800s, the
742:
738:
36:Information Age Publishing
29:
10692:
10628:
10573:
10527:
10442:
10364:2nd Industrial Revolution
10357:
10304:
10297:(1836–1838 and 1839–1843)
10213:1st Industrial Revolution
10211:
10180:
9981:Price-and-wage stickiness
9942:
9651:Anglo-Portuguese Alliance
9631:
9549:
9386:
9221:
9092:Standard Average European
8960:
8789:
8709:
8627:
8564:Computational engineering
8539:Computational mathematics
8516:
8463:
8425:
8372:
8334:
8296:
8238:
8155:
8101:
8063:
8008:
7945:
7878:
7842:
7799:
7763:
7696:
7685:
7623:by Alberts (CCRP, 1996) (
6348:Human Resource Management
6228:Information Age Education
5613:"Technological Progress".
4072:Manuel, Castells (1996).
4038:Religion in the Media Age
3997:Technological determinism
3865:Technological revolutions
3763:, the foundation for the
3736:Fiber-optic communication
3635:Sord Computer Corporation
3575:Metal–oxide–semiconductor
3094:History of the transistor
2656:(about 4 years, see also
2016:, after the discovery by
1972:general-purpose computers
1380:The first public digital
1272:Automated teller machines
1128:that began in the 1970s.
119:
109:
101:
83:
75:
62:A laptop connects to the
55:
50:
45:
10645:1990s United States boom
10433:Financial crisis of 1914
9791:Lancaster House Treaties
9281:Christian existentialism
9241:Ancient Roman philosophy
9231:Ancient Greek philosophy
8574:Computational healthcare
8569:Differentiable computing
8488:Graphics processing unit
7907:Domain-specific language
7776:Computational complexity
6420:Cooke, Sandra D. 2003. "
5993:The Sovereign Individual
5627:. Retrieved 9 June 2020.
5557:Rider, Fredmont (1944).
4586:"Atari - Arcade/Coin-op"
4457:Williams, J. B. (2017).
3751:plays a crucial role in
3365:home video game consoles
3230:Atanasoff–Berry Computer
3122:point-contact transistor
3078:Technological Revolution
2780:, as the development of
2770:communication satellites
2630:Diffusion of innovations
2539:Research and Development
1958:has vastly exceeded the
1882:Information transmission
1468:United States of America
1317:magazine predicted that
1282:in film and television,
1126:microcomputer revolution
1038:), the first successful
959:point-contact transistor
10460:Depression of 1920–1921
10392:Depression of 1882–1885
10306:Early Victorian Britain
10041:Real and nominal values
9569:Equality before the law
8776:Romano-Germanic culture
8549:Computational chemistry
8483:Photograph manipulation
8374:Artificial intelligence
8190:Decision support system
7035:Computer History Museum
7003:. Horizon House. 1965.
6972:Computer History Museum
6941:Computer History Museum
6910:Computer History Museum
6835:Computer History Museum
6803:Computer History Museum
6771:Computer History Museum
6616:Computer History Museum
6559:Lee, Thomas H. (2003).
6383:Oxford University Press
6316:Harvard Business Review
6285:"Negroponte's articles"
6177:The Information Economy
6146:Fang, Irving E. (1997)
5737:View multimedia content
5663:10.1126/science.1200970
5273:10.1126/science.1200970
4913:File, Thom (May 2013).
4441:Computer History Museum
4341:Computer History Museum
3473:Fairchild Semiconductor
3406:
3287:Fairchild Semiconductor
3118:Julius Edgar Lilienfeld
3116:was first theorized by
3114:field-effect transistor
2988:recession of March 2001
2910:and service workers in
2615:Influences on Karl Marx
2576:three-sector hypothesis
2519:. As such, it acquires
2481:Agricultural Revolution
2424:Agricultural Revolution
1951:in 2016 reported that:
1710:Internet protocol suite
1674:
1661:
1648:
1635:
1622:
1611:in 1986, to some 5,000
1600:History of the Internet
1572:home video game console
1343:The Rescuers Down Under
1094:large-scale integration
1028:Fairchild Semiconductor
880:for economic modeling.
872:for neutron transport,
850:tide-predicting machine
717:advances, which led to
32:Information Age (album)
10565:Recession of 1969–1970
10560:Recession of 1960–1961
10519:Recession of 1937–1938
9731:Eastern European Group
9320:Continental philosophy
9251:Judeo-Christian ethics
9236:Hellenistic philosophy
8717:Cradle of civilization
8614:Educational technology
8445:Reinforcement learning
8195:Process control system
8093:Computational geometry
8083:Algorithmic efficiency
8078:Analysis of algorithms
7726:Systems on Chip (SoCs)
7484:"Kanye West, Sam ...."
7444:Sudo, Shoichi (1997).
6441:Department of Commerce
6357:10.1002/hrm.3930300407
5432:Arms, Michael (2013).
4312:Saxena, Arjun (2009).
4297:Saxena, Arjun (2009).
3942:Digital transformation
3839:
3753:communication networks
3670:Homebrew Computer Club
3662:
3359:Along with electronic
3313:by Mohamed Atalla and
3148:(MOSFET), invented by
3126:Walter Houser Brattain
3069:
2984:information technology
2762:computerized machinery
2473:information revolution
2316:
2280:
1986:information revolution
1977:
1827:
1792:allowed for immediate
1716:
1696:
1568:Nielsen Media Research
1288:bulletin board systems
1249:time-sharing computers
1190:
1078:MOS integrated circuit
1062:at Fairchild in 1963.
967:Walter Houser Brattain
946:
941:cites the creation of
854:differential analysers
800:mechanical calculators
696:information technology
10683:Early 2000s recession
10650:Early 1990s recession
10602:Early 1980s recession
10182:Commercial revolution
10080:Nominal interest rate
9851:Three Seas Initiative
9826:Pacific Islands Forum
9691:British–Irish Council
9439:Greek Orthodox Church
8898:Industrial Revolution
8868:Scientific Revolution
8584:Electronic publishing
8554:Computational biology
8544:Computational physics
8440:Unsupervised learning
8354:Distributed computing
8230:Information retrieval
8137:Mathematical analysis
8127:Mathematical software
8010:Theory of computation
7975:Software construction
7965:Requirements analysis
7843:Software organization
7771:Computer architecture
7741:Hardware acceleration
7706:Printed circuit board
7553:Gelbstein, E. (2006)
7178:John Wiley & Sons
5768:on 16 September 2016.
4076:. Oxford: Blackwell.
3957:Information explosion
3835:
3784:Narinder Singh Kapany
3767:and Information Age.
3749:Optical communication
3734:Further information:
3716:Atari 8-bit computers
3680:, Woz and his friend
3654:
3589:(CCD) sensor and the
3587:charge-coupled device
3528:optical amplification
3421:Computer data storage
3411:Further information:
3269:(IC) was invented by
3204:Before the advent of
3186:Further information:
3102:Further information:
3067:
2948:competitive advantage
2803:and products made of
2689:input-output analysis
2477:Industrial Revolution
2428:Industrial Revolution
2416:Library of Alexandria
2348:Industrial Revolution
2314:
2302:satellite televisions
2278:
1953:
1825:
1818:Computer data storage
1794:access to information
1775:number of transistors
1707:
1690:
1598:Further information:
1413:financial institution
1384:broadcast was of the
1332:Digital ink and paint
1188:
1141:charge-coupled device
1071:pulse-code modulation
993:Digital communication
932:
925:Early mainframe games
839:unit record equipment
804:Industrial Revolution
743:Further information:
692:Industrial Revolution
230:Age of the human race
34:. For publisher, see
10922:Contemporary history
10249:Copper Panic of 1789
9846:Special Relationship
9256:Christian philosophy
9201:Western Christianity
8863:Age of Enlightenment
8737:Hellenistic Kingdoms
8344:Concurrent computing
8316:Ubiquitous computing
8288:Application security
8283:Information security
8112:Discrete mathematics
8088:Randomized algorithm
8040:Computability theory
8018:Model of computation
7990:Software maintenance
7985:Software engineering
7947:Software development
7897:Programming language
7892:Programming paradigm
7809:Network architecture
6175:Porat, M.-U. (1976)
6047:Veneris, Y. (1990).
6027:Veneris, Y. (1984),
5998:Simon & Schuster
5918:. IEEE. pp. v.
5846:Social Media Culture
5764:. Archived from the
4810:"The World Wide Web"
3892:Attention inequality
3846:anti-intellectualism
3593:(complementary MOS)
3469:semiconductor memory
3457:Magnetic-core memory
3305:method developed at
3253:room-sized computers
3210:mechanical computers
3104:Semiconductor device
3001:Information industry
2944:developing countries
2940:globalized workforce
2918:cuts, or settle for
2904:developing countries
2669:creative destruction
2599:means of consumption
2550:white-collar workers
2493:factor of production
2420:Babylonian astronomy
2418:, or the schools of
2064:improve this article
2030:Whole Genome Shotgun
2010:Human Genome Project
1911:exchange information
1906:per person per day.
969:while working under
10585:1973–1975 recession
10529:Post–WWII expansion
10203:Great Frost of 1709
10031:Neutrality of money
10012:Classical dichotomy
9928:Economic expansions
9871:West Nordic Council
9736:Eastern Partnership
9325:Analytic philosophy
9026:Classical tradition
8848:Early modern period
8804:Classical antiquity
8799:European Bronze Age
8619:Document management
8609:Operations research
8534:Enterprise software
8450:Multi-task learning
8435:Supervised learning
8157:Information systems
7980:Software deployment
7937:Software repository
7791:Real-time computing
6619:. 4 December 2013.
6109:Ricardo, D. (1978)
6065:1990EnPlA..22..399V
5988:James Dale Davidson
5655:2011Sci...332...60H
5336:2016TEcoE..31..180G
5264:2011Sci...332...60H
5155:Pew Research Center
5011:Pew Research Center
4843:on 21 December 2018
4623:on 14 February 2015
4518:on 13 February 2021
4316:. pp. 102–103.
3967:Internet governance
3962:Information society
3595:active-pixel sensor
3303:surface passivation
3245:mainframe computers
2790:Nicholas Negroponte
2595:means of production
2574:, according to the
2268:Today, light-based
2163:in 6,500 B.C., the
1980:Genetic information
1796:and the ability to
1526:Video game industry
844:Meanwhile, various
778:Previous inventions
762:gradually replaced
658:(also known as the
305:Classical antiquity
10767:COVID-19 recession
10427:Panic of 1910–1911
10259:Panic of 1796–1797
10085:Real interest rate
10053:Economic expansion
9330:Post-structuralism
9293:Christian humanism
8923:Universal suffrage
8402:Search methodology
8349:Parallel computing
8306:Interaction design
8215:Computing platform
8142:Numerical analysis
8132:Information theory
7917:Software framework
7880:Software notations
7819:Network components
7716:Integrated circuit
7641:2015-10-04 at the
7536:American Scientist
7419:The New York Times
7259:The New York Times
7101: Fujio Masuoka
6697:Lojek, Bo (2007).
6523:The New York Times
6427:2017-06-21 at the
6210:2012-01-18 at the
6155:2012-04-17 at the
5901:, 22(2), 189–194.
5783:2019-06-02 at the
5742:2020-05-24 at the
5721:2020-06-10 at the
5618:2021-09-10 at the
5076:U.S. Census Bureau
4987:on 22 October 2008
4926:U.S. Census Bureau
4592:on 2 November 2014
4337:The Silicon Engine
4002:Telecommunications
3765:Digital Revolution
3757:telecommunications
3730:Optical networking
3663:
3623:Commodore PET 2001
3607:Personal computers
3532:optical networking
3500:computer terminals
3475:in 1964. In 1967,
3465:Harvard University
3447:information theory
3373:personal computers
3267:integrated circuit
3188:Integrated circuit
3132:while working for
3074:Digital Revolution
3070:
2938:In effectuating a
2782:optical networking
2527:, and therefore a
2441:Information Theory
2404:Peripatetic school
2317:
2281:
2270:optical networking
2266:fiber optic cable.
2223:Johannes Gutenberg
1956:Digital technology
1888:broadcast networks
1828:
1790:personal computers
1779:integrated circuit
1759:transmission media
1743:digital technology
1736:analog photographs
1717:
1697:
1564:broadband internet
1458:much more advanced
1447:was not possible.
1417:OP Financial Group
1337:The Little Mermaid
1253:video game console
1243:In the 1970s, the
1191:
1106:computer processor
1082:transistor density
1054:(CMOS) process by
1020:integrated circuit
961:, was invented by
947:
915:1947–1969: Origins
891:, German inventor
858:perpetual calendar
684:Digital Revolution
10843:
10842:
10554:Recession of 1958
10548:Recession of 1953
10542:Recession of 1949
10239:Thirteen Colonies
10046:Velocity of money
9976:Paradox of thrift
9894:
9893:
9721:Council of Europe
9623:International law
9576:Constitutionalism
9434:Eastern Orthodoxy
8940:Post–Cold War era
8873:Age of Revolution
8727:Greco-Roman world
8665:
8664:
8594:Electronic voting
8524:Quantum Computing
8517:Applied computing
8503:Image compression
8273:Hardware security
8263:Security services
8220:Digital marketing
8000:Open-source model
7912:Modeling language
7824:Network scheduler
7516:Mendelson, Edward
6310:Porter, Michael.
6255:"Information Age"
6253:Moursund, David.
5984:William Rees-Mogg
5933:978-1-4673-5250-5
5624:Our World in Data
5444:on 29 March 2014.
4764:. 25 January 2024
4721:. February 1988.
4497:978-0-8194-3698-6
4253:on 13 August 2011
4051:978-0-415-31423-7
3887:Attention economy
3798:optical amplifier
3772:optical amplifier
3559:mobile networking
3441:in 1851 and then
3391:, at first using
3275:Texas Instruments
3234:Colossus computer
3214:Analytical Engine
3158:complementary MOS
3150:Mohamed M. Atalla
3042:financial capital
3036:, investments in
3011:capital-intensive
2980:industrial sector
2966:coupled with net
2829:industrial cities
2738:telecommunication
2665:Joseph Schumpeter
2658:Joseph Schumpeter
2634:market saturation
2584:quaternary sector
2491:Information is a
2140:
2139:
2132:
2114:
2079:"Information Age"
2004:in 1976-1977 and
1870:, reminiscent of
1486:personal computer
1349:Home on the Range
1276:industrial robots
1052:complementary MOS
997:personal computer
979:digital computers
866:network analyzers
820:Analytical Engine
766:formats, such as
709:According to the
704:optical amplifier
688:historical period
652:
651:
604:
603:
596:Political history
221:
209:
179:
175:Pleistocene epoch
135:
134:
131:
130:
16:(Redirected from
10949:
10884:
10883:
10872:
10871:
10860:
10859:
10851:
10635:Great Regression
10630:Great Moderation
10476:Great Depression
10465:Roaring Twenties
9986:Underconsumption
9956:Effective demand
9947:Aggregate demand
9921:
9914:
9907:
9898:
9897:
9766:EU Customs Union
9298:Secular humanism
9246:Christian ethics
9196:East–West Schism
9179:Physical culture
8903:Great Divergence
8853:Age of Discovery
8692:
8685:
8678:
8669:
8668:
8655:
8654:
8645:
8644:
8635:
8634:
8455:Cross-validation
8427:Machine learning
8311:Social computing
8278:Network security
8073:Algorithm design
7995:Programming team
7955:Control variable
7932:Software library
7870:Software quality
7865:Operating system
7814:Network protocol
7679:Computer science
7672:
7665:
7658:
7649:
7648:
7542:Castells, Manuel
7490:
7480:
7474:
7471:
7465:
7464:
7456:
7450:
7449:
7441:
7435:
7434:
7432:
7430:
7410:
7404:
7403:
7401:
7399:
7390:. Archived from
7379:
7373:
7372:
7370:
7368:
7348:
7342:
7341:
7339:
7337:
7322:
7316:
7315:
7313:
7311:
7290:
7284:
7283:
7281:
7279:
7249:
7243:
7242:
7240:
7238:
7210:
7204:
7203:
7201:
7199:
7167:
7161:
7160:
7158:
7156:
7145:ITNews Australia
7136:
7130:
7129:
7127:
7125:
7108:
7102:
7100:
7099:
7095:
7089:
7083:
7082:
7080:
7078:
7058:
7052:
7051:
7049:
7047:
7026:
7017:
7016:
7014:
7012:
6995:
6989:
6988:
6986:
6984:
6963:
6957:
6956:
6954:
6952:
6933:
6927:
6926:
6924:
6922:
6901:
6895:
6894:
6892:
6890:
6858:
6852:
6851:
6849:
6847:
6826:
6820:
6819:
6817:
6815:
6794:
6788:
6787:
6785:
6783:
6762:
6756:
6755:
6753:
6751:
6723:
6717:
6716:
6694:
6688:
6687:
6686:
6684:
6678:
6671:
6657:
6651:
6650:
6639:
6633:
6632:
6630:
6628:
6607:
6601:
6600:
6598:
6596:
6590:
6565:
6556:
6547:
6546:
6544:
6542:
6514:
6508:
6507:
6487:
6481:
6480:
6478:
6476:
6471:on 29 April 2014
6470:
6450:
6444:
6418:
6412:
6411:
6393:
6387:
6386:
6374:
6368:
6343:
6332:
6331:
6329:
6327:
6307:
6301:
6300:
6298:
6296:
6281:
6275:
6274:
6272:
6270:
6250:
6244:
6243:
6241:
6239:
6220:
6214:
6202:
6196:
6186:
6180:
6173:
6167:
6144:
6138:
6128:
6122:
6107:
6101:
6091:
6085:
6084:
6044:
6035:
6025:
6016:
6015:
5980:
5974:
5964:
5958:
5944:
5938:
5937:
5911:
5905:
5895:
5889:
5882:
5876:
5866:
5860:
5859:
5841:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5830:
5819:Nature Education
5810:
5804:
5797:
5791:
5775:
5769:
5753:
5747:
5712:
5706:
5705:
5696:. Science/AAAS.
5689:
5683:
5682:
5634:
5628:
5602:
5593:
5592:
5586:
5584:
5569:
5563:
5562:
5554:
5548:
5547:
5545:
5543:
5529:
5523:
5522:
5520:
5518:
5502:
5496:
5495:
5493:
5491:
5477:
5471:
5470:
5468:
5466:
5452:
5446:
5445:
5440:. Archived from
5429:
5423:
5422:
5420:
5418:
5408:
5397:
5396:
5394:
5392:
5382:
5376:
5375:
5373:
5371:
5313:
5302:
5301:
5275:
5243:
5222:
5221:
5219:
5217:
5202:
5196:
5195:
5193:
5191:
5182:. Archived from
5176:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5162:
5147:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5136:
5122:
5116:
5115:
5113:
5111:
5094:
5088:
5087:
5085:
5083:
5074:(127 ed.).
5069:
5061:
5055:
5054:
5052:
5050:
5029:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5018:
5003:
4997:
4996:
4994:
4992:
4983:. Archived from
4977:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4966:
4952:
4943:
4937:
4936:
4934:
4932:
4922:Washington, D.C.
4919:
4910:
4904:
4903:
4901:
4899:
4893:
4887:. Archived from
4882:
4873:
4867:
4866:
4859:
4853:
4852:
4850:
4848:
4833:
4827:
4826:
4824:
4822:
4806:
4800:
4799:
4797:
4795:
4780:
4774:
4773:
4771:
4769:
4754:
4748:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4733:
4727:
4726:
4715:
4709:
4708:
4702:
4694:
4692:
4690:
4684:
4678:. Archived from
4677:
4669:
4663:
4662:
4660:
4658:
4649:. Archived from
4639:
4633:
4632:
4630:
4628:
4619:. Archived from
4608:
4602:
4601:
4599:
4597:
4588:. Archived from
4582:
4576:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4555:
4549:
4548:
4546:
4544:
4534:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4514:. Archived from
4508:
4502:
4501:
4481:
4475:
4474:
4454:
4445:
4444:
4433:
4427:
4426:
4424:
4422:
4381:
4375:
4374:
4363:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4329:
4318:
4317:
4309:
4303:
4302:
4301:. pp. x–xi.
4294:
4288:
4287:
4269:
4263:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4249:. Archived from
4242:
4236:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4224:
4222:
4206:
4200:
4199:
4197:
4195:
4181:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4151:
4145:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4131:. Archived from
4120:
4114:
4113:
4105:
4096:
4095:
4069:
4056:
4055:
4033:
3927:Digital dark age
3788:Imperial College
3697:operating system
3601:Electronic paper
3495:memory in 1987.
3439:microphotography
3425:Data compression
3335:rapidly improved
3224:, including the
3134:William Shockley
2698:systems dynamics
2667:called vividly "
2568:secondary sector
2507:), as well as a
2505:land (economics)
2396:Platonic Academy
2364:combustion power
2328:Kondratiev waves
2135:
2128:
2124:
2121:
2115:
2113:
2072:
2048:
2040:
2006:Frederick Sanger
1578:annual industry
1479:developing world
1445:Internet culture
1421:cooperative bank
1303:Motorola DynaTac
1284:electronic music
1265:data entry clerk
1247:was introduced,
1145:Willard S. Boyle
971:William Shockley
903:to break German
878:Phillips Machine
835:Herman Hollerith
833:. In the 1880s,
726:social evolution
702:in 1947 and the
644:
637:
630:
619:
613:
574:Age of Discovery
481:
480:
249:Earliest records
235:Recorded history
211:
199:
171:
169:
158:
137:
136:
127:
114:
107:
60:
43:
42:
21:
10957:
10956:
10952:
10951:
10950:
10948:
10947:
10946:
10942:Western culture
10937:Cultural trends
10927:Historical eras
10902:Information Age
10892:
10891:
10890:
10878:
10866:
10854:
10846:
10844:
10839:
10704:Great Recession
10696:
10694:Information Age
10688:
10637:
10633:
10624:
10577:
10575:Great Inflation
10569:
10531:
10523:
10446:
10444:Interwar period
10438:
10374:Long Depression
10366:
10362:
10353:
10313:
10309:
10300:
10215:
10207:
10184:
10176:
10141:U.S. recessions
10136:U.K. recessions
10068:U.S. expansions
9938:
9925:
9895:
9890:
9856:UKUSA Agreement
9796:Lublin Triangle
9681:Baltic Assembly
9633:
9627:
9545:
9382:
9217:
9087:Eurolinguistics
8956:
8945:Information age
8918:Interwar period
8785:
8705:
8696:
8666:
8661:
8652:
8623:
8604:Word processing
8512:
8498:Virtual reality
8459:
8421:
8392:Computer vision
8368:
8364:Multiprocessing
8330:
8292:
8258:Security hacker
8234:
8210:Digital library
8151:
8102:Mathematics of
8097:
8059:
8035:Automata theory
8030:Formal language
8004:
7970:Software design
7941:
7874:
7860:Virtual machine
7838:
7834:Network service
7795:
7786:Embedded system
7759:
7692:
7681:
7676:
7643:Wayback Machine
7579:Information Age
7571:
7498:
7496:Further reading
7493:
7481:
7477:
7472:
7468:
7457:
7453:
7442:
7438:
7428:
7426:
7411:
7407:
7397:
7395:
7380:
7376:
7366:
7364:
7349:
7345:
7335:
7333:
7324:
7323:
7319:
7309:
7307:
7306:on 18 June 2008
7292:
7291:
7287:
7277:
7275:
7250:
7246:
7236:
7234:
7227:
7211:
7207:
7197:
7195:
7188:
7168:
7164:
7154:
7152:
7137:
7133:
7123:
7121:
7120:. 11 April 2012
7110:
7109:
7105:
7097:
7091:
7090:
7086:
7076:
7074:
7059:
7055:
7045:
7043:
7028:
7027:
7020:
7010:
7008:
6997:
6996:
6992:
6982:
6980:
6965:
6964:
6960:
6950:
6948:
6935:
6934:
6930:
6920:
6918:
6903:
6902:
6898:
6888:
6886:
6879:
6859:
6855:
6845:
6843:
6828:
6827:
6823:
6813:
6811:
6796:
6795:
6791:
6781:
6779:
6764:
6763:
6759:
6749:
6747:
6740:
6724:
6720:
6713:
6705:. p. 120.
6695:
6691:
6682:
6680:
6676:
6669:
6658:
6654:
6641:
6640:
6636:
6626:
6624:
6609:
6608:
6604:
6594:
6592:
6588:
6582:
6563:
6557:
6550:
6540:
6538:
6515:
6511:
6488:
6484:
6474:
6472:
6451:
6447:
6433:Digital Economy
6429:Wayback Machine
6419:
6415:
6394:
6390:
6375:
6371:
6344:
6335:
6325:
6323:
6308:
6304:
6294:
6292:
6283:
6282:
6278:
6268:
6266:
6251:
6247:
6237:
6235:
6230:. August 2008.
6222:
6221:
6217:
6212:Wayback Machine
6203:
6199:
6195:, Princeton UP.
6187:
6183:
6174:
6170:
6157:Wayback Machine
6145:
6141:
6129:
6125:
6108:
6104:
6092:
6088:
6073:10.1068/a220399
6045:
6038:
6026:
6019:
6012:
5981:
5977:
5967:Wiener, Norbert
5965:
5961:
5945:
5941:
5934:
5912:
5908:
5896:
5892:
5883:
5879:
5867:
5863:
5856:
5842:
5838:
5828:
5826:
5811:
5807:
5798:
5794:
5785:Wayback Machine
5776:
5772:
5754:
5750:
5744:Wayback Machine
5723:Wayback Machine
5713:
5709:
5690:
5686:
5649:(6025): 60–65.
5635:
5631:
5620:Wayback Machine
5603:
5596:
5582:
5580:
5571:
5570:
5566:
5555:
5551:
5541:
5539:
5531:
5530:
5526:
5516:
5514:
5504:
5503:
5499:
5489:
5487:
5479:
5478:
5474:
5464:
5462:
5454:
5453:
5449:
5430:
5426:
5416:
5414:
5410:
5409:
5400:
5390:
5388:
5384:
5383:
5379:
5369:
5367:
5314:
5305:
5258:(6025): 60–65.
5244:
5225:
5215:
5213:
5203:
5199:
5189:
5187:
5186:on 23 June 2011
5178:
5177:
5170:
5160:
5158:
5149:
5148:
5144:
5134:
5132:
5124:
5123:
5119:
5109:
5107:
5095:
5091:
5081:
5079:
5067:
5063:
5062:
5058:
5048:
5046:
5030:
5026:
5016:
5014:
5005:
5004:
5000:
4990:
4988:
4979:
4978:
4974:
4964:
4962:
4950:
4944:
4940:
4930:
4928:
4917:
4911:
4907:
4897:
4895:
4894:on 6 March 2009
4891:
4880:
4874:
4870:
4861:
4860:
4856:
4846:
4844:
4835:
4834:
4830:
4820:
4818:
4808:
4807:
4803:
4793:
4791:
4781:
4777:
4767:
4765:
4756:
4755:
4751:
4741:
4739:
4735:
4734:
4730:
4717:
4716:
4712:
4696:
4695:
4688:
4686:
4685:on 2 April 2013
4682:
4675:
4673:"Archived copy"
4671:
4670:
4666:
4656:
4654:
4653:on 6 March 2016
4641:
4640:
4636:
4626:
4624:
4609:
4605:
4595:
4593:
4584:
4583:
4579:
4569:
4567:
4564:ICTerGezocht.nl
4556:
4552:
4542:
4540:
4536:
4535:
4531:
4521:
4519:
4510:
4509:
4505:
4498:
4482:
4478:
4471:
4455:
4448:
4435:
4434:
4430:
4420:
4418:
4382:
4378:
4365:
4364:
4360:
4350:
4348:
4331:
4330:
4321:
4310:
4306:
4295:
4291:
4284:
4270:
4266:
4256:
4254:
4243:
4239:
4234:
4230:
4220:
4218:
4208:
4207:
4203:
4193:
4191:
4183:
4182:
4178:
4168:
4166:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4138:
4136:
4135:on 19 July 2013
4123:Kluver, Randy.
4121:
4117:
4106:
4099:
4084:
4070:
4059:
4052:
4034:
4030:
4026:
4021:
3982:Network society
3947:Imagination age
3860:
3826:
3746:
3732:
3714:introduced its
3661:
3649:
3643:
3615:
3609:
3597:(CMOS sensor).
3583:digital imaging
3563:digital cameras
3435:
3429:Internet access
3417:Computer memory
3409:
3361:arcade machines
3350:Masatoshi Shima
3331:Federico Faggin
3251:. These large,
3202:
3184:
3176:Main articles:
3174:
3106:
3100:
3088:Main articles:
3086:
3062:
3050:Mark Zuckerberg
3034:classical model
3003:
2997:
2956:
2888:data processing
2813:
2750:
2716:Information Age
2685:
2642:Kondratiev wave
2638:business cycles
2572:tertiary sector
2469:
2388:
2257:global networks
2136:
2125:
2119:
2116:
2073:
2071:
2061:
2049:
2038:
2018:Myriad Genetics
1982:
1936:
1884:
1820:
1812:Main articles:
1810:
1786:computing power
1751:digital imaging
1749:microform with
1722:
1714:Internet access
1702:
1677:
1664:
1651:
1638:
1625:
1602:
1596:
1584:Cloud computing
1540:
1504:Main articles:
1502:
1490:internet access
1475:developed world
1397:Marc Andreessen
1371:Tim Berners-Lee
1368:
1358:
1324:The first true
1231:internetworking
1203:Packet switched
1183:
1161:
1149:George E. Smith
1143:, developed by
1137:digital cameras
1110:Federico Faggin
1102:microprocessors
927:
917:
874:Project Cyclone
846:analog computer
816:Charles Babbage
780:
747:
741:
656:Information Age
648:
617:
611:
606:
605:
600:
560:
559:
550:
536:
517:
498:
497:
478:
468:
467:
466:
450:
436:
427:
413:
399:
398:
388:
378:
377:
376:
367:
353:
334:
315:
314:
295:
275:
265:
264:
263:
244:
225:
224:
210:
198:
190:
167:
156:
105:
94:
90:
71:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
10955:
10945:
10944:
10939:
10934:
10929:
10924:
10919:
10917:Digital divide
10914:
10909:
10904:
10889:
10888:
10876:
10864:
10841:
10840:
10838:
10837:
10836:
10835:
10830:
10825:
10823:United Kingdom
10820:
10815:
10810:
10805:
10800:
10795:
10790:
10785:
10780:
10775:
10764:
10763:
10762:
10757:
10755:United Kingdom
10752:
10747:
10742:
10737:
10732:
10727:
10722:
10717:
10712:
10700:
10698:
10697:(2007–present)
10690:
10689:
10687:
10686:
10680:
10675:
10674:
10673:
10668:
10666:United Kingdom
10663:
10658:
10647:
10641:
10639:
10626:
10625:
10623:
10622:
10621:
10620:
10615:
10613:United Kingdom
10610:
10599:
10598:
10597:
10592:
10590:United Kingdom
10581:
10579:
10571:
10570:
10568:
10567:
10562:
10557:
10551:
10545:
10539:
10535:
10533:
10525:
10524:
10522:
10521:
10516:
10515:
10514:
10509:
10507:United Kingdom
10504:
10499:
10494:
10489:
10484:
10473:
10470:
10467:
10462:
10457:
10450:
10448:
10440:
10439:
10437:
10436:
10430:
10424:
10418:
10412:
10409:
10403:
10397:
10394:
10389:
10388:
10387:
10382:
10380:United Kingdom
10370:
10368:
10355:
10354:
10352:
10351:
10345:
10339:
10336:
10330:
10327:
10321:
10317:
10315:
10302:
10301:
10299:
10298:
10292:
10289:
10286:
10280:
10277:
10271:
10268:
10265:
10262:
10256:
10246:
10243:
10242:
10241:
10236:
10231:
10219:
10217:
10209:
10208:
10206:
10205:
10200:
10195:
10188:
10186:
10178:
10177:
10175:
10174:
10173:
10172:
10162:
10161:
10160:
10155:
10145:
10144:
10143:
10138:
10133:
10128:
10123:
10118:
10113:
10108:
10098:
10097:
10096:
10087:
10082:
10072:
10071:
10070:
10065:
10060:
10050:
10049:
10048:
10043:
10038:
10033:
10028:
10019:
10014:
10009:
9995:
9993:Business cycle
9990:
9989:
9988:
9983:
9978:
9973:
9971:Overproduction
9968:
9963:
9958:
9943:
9940:
9939:
9924:
9923:
9916:
9909:
9901:
9892:
9891:
9889:
9888:
9886:Westernization
9883:
9878:
9873:
9868:
9866:Visegrád Group
9863:
9858:
9853:
9848:
9843:
9838:
9833:
9828:
9823:
9818:
9813:
9808:
9806:Nordic Council
9803:
9798:
9793:
9788:
9783:
9778:
9773:
9768:
9763:
9758:
9753:
9748:
9743:
9738:
9733:
9728:
9723:
9718:
9713:
9708:
9703:
9701:Bucharest Nine
9698:
9693:
9688:
9683:
9678:
9673:
9668:
9666:Arctic Council
9663:
9658:
9653:
9648:
9643:
9637:
9635:
9629:
9628:
9626:
9625:
9620:
9615:
9614:
9613:
9608:
9603:
9598:
9593:
9588:
9578:
9573:
9572:
9571:
9561:
9555:
9553:
9547:
9546:
9544:
9543:
9538:
9533:
9532:
9531:
9526:
9521:
9516:
9511:
9510:
9509:
9504:
9499:
9494:
9484:
9479:
9474:
9464:
9463:
9462:
9461:
9460:
9450:
9449:
9448:
9443:
9442:
9441:
9431:
9430:
9429:
9419:
9418:
9417:
9392:
9390:
9384:
9383:
9381:
9380:
9379:
9378:
9368:
9363:
9358:
9357:
9356:
9344:
9343:
9342:
9332:
9327:
9322:
9317:
9312:
9307:
9302:
9301:
9300:
9295:
9285:
9284:
9283:
9276:Existentialism
9273:
9268:
9263:
9258:
9253:
9248:
9243:
9238:
9233:
9227:
9225:
9219:
9218:
9216:
9215:
9214:
9213:
9208:
9203:
9198:
9188:
9187:
9186:
9176:
9175:
9174:
9169:
9159:
9158:
9157:
9147:
9142:
9141:
9140:
9135:
9130:
9120:
9119:
9118:
9108:
9107:
9106:
9096:
9095:
9094:
9089:
9079:
9074:
9069:
9064:
9063:
9062:
9052:
9047:
9046:
9045:
9035:
9034:
9033:
9023:
9022:
9021:
9011:
9006:
9005:
9004:
8994:
8989:
8988:
8987:
8982:
8977:
8966:
8964:
8958:
8957:
8955:
8954:
8953:
8952:
8947:
8937:
8936:
8935:
8930:
8925:
8920:
8915:
8910:
8905:
8900:
8895:
8890:
8885:
8880:
8875:
8870:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8850:
8840:
8835:
8834:
8833:
8828:
8823:
8813:
8812:
8811:
8809:Late antiquity
8801:
8795:
8793:
8787:
8786:
8784:
8783:
8778:
8773:
8768:
8763:
8762:
8761:
8760:
8759:
8754:
8744:
8739:
8734:
8724:
8719:
8713:
8711:
8707:
8706:
8695:
8694:
8687:
8680:
8672:
8663:
8662:
8660:
8659:
8649:
8639:
8628:
8625:
8624:
8622:
8621:
8616:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8586:
8581:
8576:
8571:
8566:
8561:
8556:
8551:
8546:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8520:
8518:
8514:
8513:
8511:
8510:
8508:Solid modeling
8505:
8500:
8495:
8490:
8485:
8480:
8475:
8469:
8467:
8461:
8460:
8458:
8457:
8452:
8447:
8442:
8437:
8431:
8429:
8423:
8422:
8420:
8419:
8414:
8409:
8407:Control method
8404:
8399:
8394:
8389:
8384:
8378:
8376:
8370:
8369:
8367:
8366:
8361:
8359:Multithreading
8356:
8351:
8346:
8340:
8338:
8332:
8331:
8329:
8328:
8323:
8318:
8313:
8308:
8302:
8300:
8294:
8293:
8291:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8260:
8255:
8253:Formal methods
8250:
8244:
8242:
8236:
8235:
8233:
8232:
8227:
8225:World Wide Web
8222:
8217:
8212:
8207:
8202:
8197:
8192:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8167:
8161:
8159:
8153:
8152:
8150:
8149:
8144:
8139:
8134:
8129:
8124:
8119:
8114:
8108:
8106:
8099:
8098:
8096:
8095:
8090:
8085:
8080:
8075:
8069:
8067:
8061:
8060:
8058:
8057:
8052:
8047:
8042:
8037:
8032:
8027:
8026:
8025:
8014:
8012:
8006:
8005:
8003:
8002:
7997:
7992:
7987:
7982:
7977:
7972:
7967:
7962:
7957:
7951:
7949:
7943:
7942:
7940:
7939:
7934:
7929:
7924:
7919:
7914:
7909:
7904:
7899:
7894:
7888:
7886:
7876:
7875:
7873:
7872:
7867:
7862:
7857:
7852:
7846:
7844:
7840:
7839:
7837:
7836:
7831:
7826:
7821:
7816:
7811:
7805:
7803:
7797:
7796:
7794:
7793:
7788:
7783:
7778:
7773:
7767:
7765:
7761:
7760:
7758:
7757:
7748:
7743:
7738:
7733:
7728:
7723:
7718:
7713:
7708:
7702:
7700:
7694:
7693:
7686:
7683:
7682:
7675:
7674:
7667:
7660:
7652:
7646:
7645:
7633:
7628:
7618:
7612:
7606:
7600:
7594:
7588:
7582:
7570:
7569:External links
7567:
7566:
7565:
7551:
7539:
7526:
7513:
7511:978-3658117580
7497:
7494:
7492:
7491:
7475:
7466:
7451:
7436:
7405:
7394:on 6 June 2012
7374:
7343:
7317:
7285:
7262:. p. D4.
7244:
7225:
7205:
7186:
7162:
7131:
7103:
7084:
7053:
7018:
6990:
6958:
6928:
6896:
6877:
6853:
6821:
6789:
6757:
6738:
6718:
6711:
6689:
6652:
6634:
6602:
6580:
6548:
6509:
6498:(5): 371–395.
6482:
6459:SERI Quarterly
6445:
6413:
6388:
6369:
6351:30(4):535–38.
6333:
6302:
6276:
6245:
6215:
6197:
6181:
6168:
6159:, Focal Press
6139:
6123:
6102:
6086:
6059:(3): 399–416.
6036:
6017:
6011:978-0684832722
6010:
5975:
5959:
5947:Shannon, C. E.
5939:
5932:
5906:
5890:
5877:
5861:
5855:978-9553067432
5854:
5836:
5805:
5792:
5770:
5748:
5707:
5684:
5629:
5609:Hannah Ritchie
5594:
5564:
5549:
5524:
5497:
5472:
5447:
5424:
5398:
5377:
5330:(3): 180–189.
5303:
5223:
5197:
5168:
5157:. 7 April 2021
5142:
5117:
5089:
5056:
5024:
5013:. 7 April 2021
4998:
4972:
4961:. p. 4002
4955:Alexandria, VA
4938:
4905:
4868:
4854:
4828:
4801:
4775:
4749:
4728:
4710:
4664:
4634:
4603:
4577:
4550:
4529:
4503:
4496:
4476:
4469:
4446:
4428:
4376:
4358:
4319:
4304:
4289:
4282:
4264:
4237:
4228:
4201:
4176:
4146:
4115:
4097:
4083:978-0631215943
4082:
4057:
4050:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4019:
4014:
4009:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3937:Digital divide
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3912:Cyberterrorism
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3825:
3822:
3780:Harold Hopkins
3776:optical fibers
3731:
3728:
3708:floating point
3686:Apple Computer
3655:
3645:Main article:
3642:
3639:
3611:Main article:
3608:
3605:
3539:MOSFET scaling
3520:World Wide Web
3408:
3405:
3369:Nolan Bushnell
3311:MOS transistor
3299:Mohamed Atalla
3291:planar process
3196:Microprocessor
3173:
3170:
3085:
3082:
3061:
3058:
2999:Main article:
2996:
2993:
2955:
2952:
2812:
2809:
2786:microcomputers
2749:
2746:
2745:
2744:
2741:
2734:
2731:
2704:computer model
2684:
2681:
2677:Irving E. Fang
2673:
2672:
2661:
2652:(9 years) and
2622:
2591:
2564:primary sector
2560:
2557:
2546:
2535:
2532:
2525:exchange value
2489:
2468:
2465:
2387:
2384:
2148:Industrial Age
2138:
2137:
2052:
2050:
2043:
2037:
2034:
1998:Walter Gilbert
1996:, invented by
1994:DNA sequencing
1981:
1978:
1935:
1932:
1894:of (optimally
1883:
1880:
1862:The amount of
1809:
1806:
1765:, potentially-
1721:
1718:
1701:
1698:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1676:
1673:
1672:
1671:
1668:
1663:
1660:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1650:
1647:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1637:
1634:
1633:
1632:
1629:
1624:
1621:
1595:
1592:
1501:
1498:
1481:in the 2000s.
1464:Text messaging
1411:was the first
1393:World Wide Web
1386:1990 World Cup
1375:World Wide Web
1357:
1354:
1326:digital camera
1261:Space Invaders
1160:
1157:
1069:for long-haul
1044:Mohamed Atalla
1032:planar process
1009:digitalization
1001:Claude Shannon
999:in the 1970s.
916:
913:
909:Harvard Mark I
905:Enigma machine
860:machines, the
779:
776:
772:cassette tapes
752:digital signal
740:
737:
650:
649:
647:
646:
639:
632:
624:
621:
620:
608:
607:
602:
601:
599:
598:
593:
588:
587:
586:
576:
570:
567:
566:
562:
561:
558:
557:
551:
549:
548:
543:
541:Southeast Asia
537:
535:
534:
529:
524:
518:
516:
515:
510:
505:
499:
496:
495:
490:
484:
479:
474:
473:
470:
469:
465:
464:
463:
462:
451:
449:
448:
443:
441:Southeast Asia
437:
435:
434:
428:
426:
425:
420:
414:
412:
411:
406:
400:
397:
396:
390:
389:
384:
383:
380:
379:
375:
374:
368:
366:
365:
360:
358:Southeast Asia
354:
352:
351:
346:
341:
335:
333:
332:
327:
322:
316:
313:
312:
310:Late antiquity
307:
302:
296:
294:
293:
288:
283:
277:
276:
271:
270:
267:
266:
262:
261:
256:
251:
245:
243:
242:
232:
226:
223:
222:
192:
191:
186:
185:
182:
181:
153:
152:
146:
145:
133:
132:
129:
128:
118:
99:
98:
85:
81:
80:
77:
73:
72:
61:
53:
52:
48:
47:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10954:
10943:
10940:
10938:
10935:
10933:
10932:Postmodernism
10930:
10928:
10925:
10923:
10920:
10918:
10915:
10913:
10910:
10908:
10907:Digital media
10905:
10903:
10900:
10899:
10897:
10887:
10882:
10877:
10875:
10870:
10865:
10863:
10858:
10853:
10852:
10849:
10834:
10831:
10829:
10828:United States
10826:
10824:
10821:
10819:
10816:
10814:
10811:
10809:
10806:
10804:
10801:
10799:
10796:
10794:
10791:
10789:
10786:
10784:
10781:
10779:
10776:
10774:
10770:
10769:
10768:
10765:
10761:
10760:United States
10758:
10756:
10753:
10751:
10748:
10746:
10743:
10741:
10738:
10736:
10733:
10731:
10728:
10726:
10723:
10721:
10718:
10716:
10713:
10711:
10707:
10706:
10705:
10702:
10701:
10699:
10695:
10691:
10684:
10681:
10679:
10676:
10672:
10671:United States
10669:
10667:
10664:
10662:
10659:
10657:
10653:
10652:
10651:
10648:
10646:
10643:
10642:
10640:
10636:
10631:
10627:
10619:
10618:United States
10616:
10614:
10611:
10609:
10605:
10604:
10603:
10600:
10596:
10595:United States
10593:
10591:
10588:
10587:
10586:
10583:
10582:
10580:
10576:
10572:
10566:
10563:
10561:
10558:
10555:
10552:
10549:
10546:
10543:
10540:
10537:
10536:
10534:
10530:
10526:
10520:
10517:
10513:
10512:United States
10510:
10508:
10505:
10503:
10500:
10498:
10495:
10493:
10490:
10488:
10485:
10483:
10479:
10478:
10477:
10474:
10471:
10468:
10466:
10463:
10461:
10458:
10455:
10452:
10451:
10449:
10445:
10441:
10434:
10431:
10428:
10425:
10422:
10421:Panic of 1907
10419:
10416:
10415:Panic of 1901
10413:
10410:
10407:
10406:Panic of 1893
10404:
10401:
10400:Baring crisis
10398:
10395:
10393:
10390:
10386:
10385:United States
10383:
10381:
10377:
10376:
10375:
10372:
10371:
10369:
10365:
10360:
10356:
10349:
10346:
10343:
10342:Panic of 1866
10340:
10337:
10334:
10333:Panic of 1857
10331:
10328:
10325:
10324:Panic of 1847
10322:
10319:
10318:
10316:
10312:
10307:
10303:
10296:
10295:Panic of 1837
10293:
10290:
10287:
10284:
10283:Panic of 1825
10281:
10278:
10275:
10272:
10269:
10266:
10263:
10260:
10257:
10254:
10253:Panic of 1792
10250:
10247:
10244:
10240:
10237:
10235:
10232:
10230:
10226:
10225:
10224:
10221:
10220:
10218:
10214:
10210:
10204:
10201:
10199:
10198:Slump of 1706
10196:
10193:
10190:
10189:
10187:
10183:
10179:
10171:
10168:
10167:
10166:
10163:
10159:
10156:
10154:
10151:
10150:
10149:
10146:
10142:
10139:
10137:
10134:
10132:
10129:
10127:
10124:
10122:
10119:
10117:
10114:
10112:
10109:
10107:
10106:Balance sheet
10104:
10103:
10102:
10099:
10095:
10091:
10088:
10086:
10083:
10081:
10078:
10077:
10076:
10075:Interest rate
10073:
10069:
10066:
10064:
10061:
10059:
10056:
10055:
10054:
10051:
10047:
10044:
10042:
10039:
10037:
10034:
10032:
10029:
10027:
10023:
10020:
10018:
10015:
10013:
10010:
10008:
10005:
10004:
10003:
9999:
9996:
9994:
9991:
9987:
9984:
9982:
9979:
9977:
9974:
9972:
9969:
9967:
9964:
9962:
9959:
9957:
9954:
9953:
9952:
9948:
9945:
9944:
9941:
9937:
9933:
9929:
9922:
9917:
9915:
9910:
9908:
9903:
9902:
9899:
9887:
9884:
9882:
9879:
9877:
9874:
9872:
9869:
9867:
9864:
9862:
9859:
9857:
9854:
9852:
9849:
9847:
9844:
9842:
9839:
9837:
9834:
9832:
9831:PROSUR/PROSUL
9829:
9827:
9824:
9822:
9819:
9817:
9814:
9812:
9809:
9807:
9804:
9802:
9799:
9797:
9794:
9792:
9789:
9787:
9784:
9782:
9779:
9777:
9774:
9772:
9769:
9767:
9764:
9762:
9759:
9757:
9754:
9752:
9749:
9747:
9744:
9742:
9739:
9737:
9734:
9732:
9729:
9727:
9726:Craiova Group
9724:
9722:
9719:
9717:
9714:
9712:
9709:
9707:
9704:
9702:
9699:
9697:
9694:
9692:
9689:
9687:
9684:
9682:
9679:
9677:
9674:
9672:
9669:
9667:
9664:
9662:
9659:
9657:
9654:
9652:
9649:
9647:
9644:
9642:
9641:ABCANZ Armies
9639:
9638:
9636:
9630:
9624:
9621:
9619:
9616:
9612:
9609:
9607:
9604:
9602:
9599:
9597:
9594:
9592:
9589:
9587:
9584:
9583:
9582:
9579:
9577:
9574:
9570:
9567:
9566:
9565:
9562:
9560:
9557:
9556:
9554:
9552:
9548:
9542:
9539:
9537:
9534:
9530:
9527:
9525:
9522:
9520:
9517:
9515:
9512:
9508:
9505:
9503:
9500:
9498:
9495:
9493:
9490:
9489:
9488:
9485:
9483:
9480:
9478:
9475:
9473:
9470:
9469:
9468:
9465:
9459:
9456:
9455:
9454:
9451:
9447:
9446:Protestantism
9444:
9440:
9437:
9436:
9435:
9432:
9428:
9425:
9424:
9423:
9420:
9416:
9412:
9409:
9408:
9407:
9404:
9403:
9402:
9399:
9398:
9397:
9394:
9393:
9391:
9389:
9385:
9377:
9374:
9373:
9372:
9369:
9367:
9366:Sovereigntism
9364:
9362:
9359:
9355:
9354:
9350:
9349:
9348:
9345:
9341:
9338:
9337:
9336:
9333:
9331:
9328:
9326:
9323:
9321:
9318:
9316:
9313:
9311:
9308:
9306:
9303:
9299:
9296:
9294:
9291:
9290:
9289:
9286:
9282:
9279:
9278:
9277:
9274:
9272:
9269:
9267:
9264:
9262:
9261:Scholasticism
9259:
9257:
9254:
9252:
9249:
9247:
9244:
9242:
9239:
9237:
9234:
9232:
9229:
9228:
9226:
9224:
9220:
9212:
9209:
9207:
9204:
9202:
9199:
9197:
9194:
9193:
9192:
9189:
9185:
9182:
9181:
9180:
9177:
9173:
9170:
9168:
9165:
9164:
9163:
9160:
9156:
9153:
9152:
9151:
9148:
9146:
9143:
9139:
9136:
9134:
9131:
9129:
9126:
9125:
9124:
9121:
9117:
9114:
9113:
9112:
9109:
9105:
9102:
9101:
9100:
9097:
9093:
9090:
9088:
9085:
9084:
9083:
9080:
9078:
9075:
9073:
9070:
9068:
9065:
9061:
9058:
9057:
9056:
9053:
9051:
9048:
9044:
9041:
9040:
9039:
9036:
9032:
9029:
9028:
9027:
9024:
9020:
9017:
9016:
9015:
9012:
9010:
9007:
9003:
9000:
8999:
8998:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8986:
8983:
8981:
8978:
8976:
8973:
8972:
8971:
8968:
8967:
8965:
8963:
8959:
8951:
8950:War on terror
8948:
8946:
8943:
8942:
8941:
8938:
8934:
8931:
8929:
8926:
8924:
8921:
8919:
8916:
8914:
8911:
8909:
8906:
8904:
8901:
8899:
8896:
8894:
8891:
8889:
8886:
8884:
8881:
8879:
8876:
8874:
8871:
8869:
8866:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8846:
8845:
8844:
8843:Modern period
8841:
8839:
8836:
8832:
8829:
8827:
8824:
8822:
8819:
8818:
8817:
8814:
8810:
8807:
8806:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8797:
8796:
8794:
8792:
8788:
8782:
8779:
8777:
8774:
8772:
8769:
8767:
8764:
8758:
8755:
8753:
8750:
8749:
8748:
8745:
8743:
8740:
8738:
8735:
8733:
8730:
8729:
8728:
8725:
8723:
8720:
8718:
8715:
8714:
8712:
8708:
8704:
8700:
8699:Western world
8693:
8688:
8686:
8681:
8679:
8674:
8673:
8670:
8658:
8650:
8648:
8640:
8638:
8630:
8629:
8626:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8592:
8590:
8587:
8585:
8582:
8580:
8577:
8575:
8572:
8570:
8567:
8565:
8562:
8560:
8557:
8555:
8552:
8550:
8547:
8545:
8542:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8521:
8519:
8515:
8509:
8506:
8504:
8501:
8499:
8496:
8494:
8493:Mixed reality
8491:
8489:
8486:
8484:
8481:
8479:
8476:
8474:
8471:
8470:
8468:
8466:
8462:
8456:
8453:
8451:
8448:
8446:
8443:
8441:
8438:
8436:
8433:
8432:
8430:
8428:
8424:
8418:
8415:
8413:
8410:
8408:
8405:
8403:
8400:
8398:
8395:
8393:
8390:
8388:
8385:
8383:
8380:
8379:
8377:
8375:
8371:
8365:
8362:
8360:
8357:
8355:
8352:
8350:
8347:
8345:
8342:
8341:
8339:
8337:
8333:
8327:
8326:Accessibility
8324:
8322:
8321:Visualization
8319:
8317:
8314:
8312:
8309:
8307:
8304:
8303:
8301:
8299:
8295:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8245:
8243:
8241:
8237:
8231:
8228:
8226:
8223:
8221:
8218:
8216:
8213:
8211:
8208:
8206:
8203:
8201:
8198:
8196:
8193:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8173:
8171:
8168:
8166:
8163:
8162:
8160:
8158:
8154:
8148:
8145:
8143:
8140:
8138:
8135:
8133:
8130:
8128:
8125:
8123:
8120:
8118:
8115:
8113:
8110:
8109:
8107:
8105:
8100:
8094:
8091:
8089:
8086:
8084:
8081:
8079:
8076:
8074:
8071:
8070:
8068:
8066:
8062:
8056:
8053:
8051:
8048:
8046:
8043:
8041:
8038:
8036:
8033:
8031:
8028:
8024:
8021:
8020:
8019:
8016:
8015:
8013:
8011:
8007:
8001:
7998:
7996:
7993:
7991:
7988:
7986:
7983:
7981:
7978:
7976:
7973:
7971:
7968:
7966:
7963:
7961:
7958:
7956:
7953:
7952:
7950:
7948:
7944:
7938:
7935:
7933:
7930:
7928:
7925:
7923:
7920:
7918:
7915:
7913:
7910:
7908:
7905:
7903:
7900:
7898:
7895:
7893:
7890:
7889:
7887:
7885:
7881:
7877:
7871:
7868:
7866:
7863:
7861:
7858:
7856:
7853:
7851:
7848:
7847:
7845:
7841:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7825:
7822:
7820:
7817:
7815:
7812:
7810:
7807:
7806:
7804:
7802:
7798:
7792:
7789:
7787:
7784:
7782:
7781:Dependability
7779:
7777:
7774:
7772:
7769:
7768:
7766:
7762:
7756:
7752:
7749:
7747:
7744:
7742:
7739:
7737:
7734:
7732:
7729:
7727:
7724:
7722:
7719:
7717:
7714:
7712:
7709:
7707:
7704:
7703:
7701:
7699:
7695:
7690:
7684:
7680:
7673:
7668:
7666:
7661:
7659:
7654:
7653:
7650:
7644:
7640:
7637:
7634:
7632:
7629:
7626:
7622:
7619:
7616:
7613:
7610:
7607:
7604:
7601:
7598:
7595:
7592:
7589:
7587:by Dave Ulmer
7586:
7583:
7580:
7576:
7573:
7572:
7564:
7563:99932-53-17-0
7560:
7556:
7552:
7549:
7548:
7544:. (1996–98).
7543:
7540:
7537:
7533:
7532:
7527:
7524:
7522:
7518:(June 2016).
7517:
7514:
7512:
7508:
7504:
7500:
7499:
7488:
7485:
7479:
7470:
7462:
7455:
7447:
7440:
7424:
7420:
7416:
7409:
7393:
7389:
7385:
7378:
7362:
7359:. p. 9.
7358:
7354:
7347:
7331:
7327:
7321:
7305:
7301:
7300:
7295:
7289:
7273:
7269:
7265:
7261:
7260:
7255:
7248:
7232:
7228:
7226:9780674029392
7222:
7218:
7217:
7209:
7193:
7189:
7187:9781119523536
7183:
7179:
7175:
7174:
7166:
7150:
7146:
7142:
7135:
7119:
7118:
7113:
7107:
7094:
7088:
7072:
7068:
7064:
7063:"Unsung hero"
7057:
7041:
7037:
7036:
7031:
7025:
7023:
7006:
7002:
7001:
6994:
6978:
6974:
6973:
6968:
6962:
6946:
6942:
6938:
6932:
6916:
6912:
6911:
6906:
6900:
6884:
6880:
6878:9781107052406
6874:
6871:. p. 2.
6870:
6866:
6865:
6857:
6841:
6837:
6836:
6831:
6825:
6809:
6805:
6804:
6799:
6793:
6777:
6773:
6772:
6767:
6761:
6745:
6741:
6739:9780801886393
6735:
6731:
6730:
6722:
6714:
6712:9783540342588
6708:
6704:
6700:
6693:
6675:
6668:
6667:
6666:Nobel lecture
6662:
6656:
6648:
6644:
6638:
6622:
6618:
6617:
6612:
6606:
6587:
6583:
6581:9781139643771
6577:
6573:
6569:
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6555:
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6536:
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6528:
6524:
6520:
6513:
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6426:
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6409:
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6399:
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6286:
6280:
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6013:
6007:
6003:
5999:
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5989:
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5979:
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5935:
5929:
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5921:
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5910:
5904:
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5894:
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5875:
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5809:
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5734:
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5727:
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5717:
5711:
5703:
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5672:
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5664:
5660:
5656:
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5633:
5626:
5625:
5621:
5617:
5614:
5610:
5606:
5601:
5599:
5591:
5578:
5574:
5568:
5560:
5553:
5538:
5534:
5528:
5513:
5512:
5507:
5501:
5486:
5482:
5476:
5461:
5457:
5451:
5443:
5439:
5438:Computer User
5435:
5428:
5413:
5407:
5405:
5403:
5387:
5381:
5365:
5361:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5345:
5341:
5337:
5333:
5329:
5325:
5324:
5319:
5312:
5310:
5308:
5299:
5295:
5291:
5287:
5283:
5279:
5274:
5269:
5265:
5261:
5257:
5253:
5249:
5242:
5240:
5238:
5236:
5234:
5232:
5230:
5228:
5212:
5208:
5201:
5185:
5181:
5175:
5173:
5156:
5152:
5146:
5131:
5127:
5121:
5106:
5105:
5100:
5093:
5077:
5073:
5066:
5060:
5045:
5041:
5040:
5035:
5028:
5012:
5008:
5002:
4986:
4982:
4976:
4960:
4956:
4949:
4942:
4927:
4923:
4916:
4909:
4890:
4886:
4885:Census Bureau
4879:
4872:
4864:
4858:
4842:
4838:
4832:
4817:
4816:
4811:
4805:
4790:
4786:
4779:
4763:
4759:
4753:
4738:
4732:
4725:
4724:CD-ROM disks.
4720:
4714:
4706:
4700:
4681:
4674:
4668:
4652:
4648:
4647:pagetable.com
4644:
4638:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4607:
4591:
4587:
4581:
4565:
4561:
4554:
4539:
4533:
4517:
4513:
4507:
4499:
4493:
4489:
4488:
4480:
4472:
4470:9783319490885
4466:
4462:
4461:
4453:
4451:
4442:
4438:
4432:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4405:
4401:
4397:
4393:
4392:
4391:IEEE Spectrum
4387:
4380:
4372:
4368:
4362:
4346:
4342:
4338:
4334:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4315:
4308:
4300:
4293:
4285:
4279:
4275:
4268:
4252:
4248:
4241:
4232:
4217:
4216:
4211:
4205:
4190:
4186:
4180:
4164:
4160:
4156:
4150:
4134:
4130:
4126:
4119:
4111:
4104:
4102:
4093:
4089:
4085:
4079:
4075:
4068:
4066:
4064:
4062:
4053:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4032:
4028:
4018:
4015:
4013:
4010:
4008:
4007:Zettabyte Era
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3932:Digital detox
3930:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3862:
3855:
3853:
3852:
3847:
3843:
3838:
3834:
3831:
3821:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3799:
3796:invented the
3795:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3768:
3766:
3762:
3758:
3754:
3750:
3745:
3744:Optical fiber
3741:
3737:
3727:
3724:
3719:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3694:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3679:
3678:the Byte Shop
3675:
3671:
3667:
3666:Steve Wozniak
3659:
3653:
3648:
3638:
3636:
3632:
3628:
3624:
3620:
3614:
3604:
3602:
3598:
3596:
3592:
3588:
3584:
3580:
3579:image sensors
3576:
3572:
3568:
3564:
3560:
3556:
3552:
3548:
3544:
3540:
3536:
3533:
3529:
3525:
3521:
3517:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3501:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3485:Fujio Masuoka
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3452:
3451:Hamming codes
3448:
3444:
3440:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3404:
3402:
3398:
3397:magnetic tape
3394:
3393:punched cards
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3377:Commodore PET
3374:
3370:
3367:pioneered by
3366:
3362:
3357:
3355:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3338:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3325:in 1962. The
3324:
3320:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3293:developed by
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3277:in 1958. The
3276:
3272:
3268:
3265:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3211:
3207:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3183:
3179:
3169:
3167:
3166:Chih-Tang Sah
3163:
3162:Frank Wanlass
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3143:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3127:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3111:
3105:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3066:
3057:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3020:
3016:
3012:
3008:
3002:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2981:
2977:
2973:
2972:manufacturing
2969:
2965:
2961:
2951:
2949:
2945:
2941:
2936:
2934:
2929:
2928:United States
2925:
2921:
2917:
2913:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2897:
2893:
2889:
2885:
2884:assembly line
2881:
2876:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2862:
2858:
2854:
2850:
2846:
2842:
2838:
2834:
2830:
2826:
2822:
2818:
2808:
2806:
2802:
2798:
2796:
2795:Being Digital
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2778:world economy
2775:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2759:
2755:
2742:
2739:
2735:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2724:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2712:
2711:Fritz Machlup
2707:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2694:
2690:
2680:
2678:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2646:Kuznets swing
2643:
2639:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2620:
2616:
2612:
2609:model of the
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2581:
2577:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2551:
2547:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2533:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2515:, that is, a
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2490:
2486:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2464:
2461:
2457:
2453:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2401:
2397:
2393:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2372:communication
2369:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2345:
2341:
2337:
2333:
2329:
2325:
2322:
2321:Schumpeterian
2313:
2309:
2307:
2306:mobile phones
2303:
2299:
2295:
2291:
2287:
2277:
2273:
2271:
2267:
2262:
2258:
2255:to power the
2254:
2249:
2247:
2243:
2239:
2235:
2231:
2230:Great Britain
2226:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2206:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2157:Yangtze River
2152:
2149:
2145:
2144:Neolithic Age
2134:
2131:
2123:
2120:February 2024
2112:
2109:
2105:
2102:
2098:
2095:
2091:
2088:
2084:
2081: –
2080:
2076:
2075:Find sources:
2069:
2065:
2059:
2058:
2053:This section
2051:
2047:
2042:
2041:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1976:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1950:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1931:
1928:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1912:
1907:
1905:
1901:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1868:exponentially
1865:
1860:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1805:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1791:
1787:
1782:
1780:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1748:
1744:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1727:
1726:Fremont Rider
1715:
1711:
1706:
1694:
1691:A university
1689:
1682:
1679:
1678:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1656:
1653:
1652:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1620:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1591:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1539:
1535:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1497:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1482:
1480:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1448:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1430:
1426:
1422:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1389:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1376:
1373:invented the
1372:
1367:
1363:
1353:
1351:
1350:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1338:
1333:
1329:
1327:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1295:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1245:home computer
1241:
1239:
1234:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1220:
1216:
1215:Merit Network
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1156:
1154:
1153:MOS capacitor
1150:
1146:
1142:
1138:
1135:suitable for
1134:
1133:image sensors
1129:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1092:, leading to
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1074:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1061:
1060:Chih-Tang Sah
1057:
1056:Frank Wanlass
1053:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1034:developed by
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
990:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
964:
960:
956:
952:
944:
940:
936:
931:
926:
922:
912:
910:
906:
902:
898:
894:
890:
886:
881:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
842:
840:
836:
832:
828:
823:
821:
817:
813:
809:
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
775:
773:
769:
768:vinyl records
765:
761:
760:compact discs
756:
753:
746:
736:
734:
729:
727:
723:
720:
716:
712:
707:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
676:New Media Age
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
645:
640:
638:
633:
631:
626:
625:
623:
622:
616:
610:
609:
597:
594:
592:
589:
585:
584:Postmodernity
582:
581:
580:
577:
575:
572:
571:
569:
568:
564:
563:
556:
553:
552:
547:
544:
542:
539:
538:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
519:
514:
513:South America
511:
509:
508:North America
506:
504:
501:
500:
494:
491:
489:
486:
485:
483:
482:
477:
472:
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461:
458:
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429:
424:
421:
419:
416:
415:
410:
407:
405:
402:
401:
395:
392:
391:
387:
386:Postclassical
382:
381:
373:
370:
369:
364:
361:
359:
356:
355:
350:
347:
345:
342:
340:
337:
336:
331:
330:South America
328:
326:
325:North America
323:
321:
318:
317:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
298:
297:
292:
289:
287:
284:
282:
279:
278:
274:
269:
268:
260:
259:Proto-writing
257:
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250:
247:
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236:
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228:
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208:
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197:
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178:
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165:
161:
155:
154:
151:
150:Human history
148:
147:
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139:
138:
126:
122:
117:
113:
108:
104:
100:
97:
93:
89:
86:
82:
78:
74:
69:
65:
59:
54:
49:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
10912:Hyperreality
10745:South Africa
10693:
10502:South Africa
10348:Black Friday
10165:Unemployment
10022:Money supply
10017:Disinflation
9961:General glut
9876:Western Bloc
9676:AUSCANNZUKUS
9632:Contemporary
9581:Human rights
9427:Latin Church
9401:Christianity
9351:
9310:Conservatism
9155:contemporary
8992:Architecture
8944:
8928:World War II
8888:Emancipation
8883:Abolitionism
8771:Romanization
8766:Roman legacy
8747:Roman Empire
8589:Cyberwarfare
8248:Cryptography
7578:
7554:
7545:
7529:
7519:
7502:
7487:The Atlantic
7486:
7478:
7469:
7460:
7454:
7445:
7439:
7427:. Retrieved
7418:
7408:
7396:. Retrieved
7392:the original
7388:Ars Technica
7387:
7377:
7365:. Retrieved
7357:Ars Technica
7356:
7346:
7334:. Retrieved
7320:
7308:. Retrieved
7304:the original
7297:
7288:
7276:. Retrieved
7257:
7247:
7235:. Retrieved
7215:
7208:
7196:. Retrieved
7172:
7165:
7153:. Retrieved
7144:
7134:
7122:. Retrieved
7115:
7106:
7087:
7075:. Retrieved
7066:
7056:
7044:. Retrieved
7033:
7009:. Retrieved
6999:
6993:
6981:. Retrieved
6970:
6961:
6949:. Retrieved
6940:
6931:
6919:. Retrieved
6908:
6899:
6887:. Retrieved
6863:
6856:
6844:. Retrieved
6833:
6824:
6812:. Retrieved
6801:
6792:
6780:. Retrieved
6769:
6760:
6748:. Retrieved
6728:
6721:
6698:
6692:
6681:, retrieved
6665:
6655:
6637:
6625:. Retrieved
6614:
6605:
6593:. Retrieved
6567:
6539:. Retrieved
6522:
6512:
6495:
6491:
6485:
6473:. Retrieved
6468:the original
6462:
6458:
6448:
6432:
6416:
6401:
6391:
6381:. New York:
6378:
6372:
6346:
6324:. Retrieved
6315:
6305:
6293:. Retrieved
6279:
6267:. Retrieved
6258:
6248:
6236:. Retrieved
6227:
6218:
6200:
6192:
6184:
6176:
6171:
6148:
6142:
6134:
6126:
6110:
6105:
6097:
6089:
6056:
6052:
6028:
5992:
5978:
5970:
5962:
5954:
5942:
5915:
5909:
5898:
5893:
5885:
5880:
5869:
5864:
5845:
5839:
5827:. Retrieved
5818:
5808:
5800:
5795:
5787:
5773:
5759:
5751:
5725:
5710:
5693:
5687:
5646:
5642:
5632:
5622:
5588:
5581:. Retrieved
5567:
5558:
5552:
5542:10 September
5540:. Retrieved
5536:
5527:
5517:10 September
5515:. Retrieved
5509:
5500:
5488:. Retrieved
5484:
5475:
5463:. Retrieved
5459:
5450:
5442:the original
5437:
5427:
5415:. Retrieved
5389:. Retrieved
5380:
5368:. Retrieved
5327:
5321:
5255:
5251:
5214:. Retrieved
5210:
5200:
5188:. Retrieved
5184:the original
5159:. Retrieved
5145:
5133:. Retrieved
5120:
5108:. Retrieved
5102:
5092:
5080:. Retrieved
5059:
5047:. Retrieved
5037:
5027:
5015:. Retrieved
5001:
4989:. Retrieved
4985:the original
4975:
4965:25 September
4963:. Retrieved
4941:
4929:. Retrieved
4908:
4896:. Retrieved
4889:the original
4884:
4871:
4857:
4845:. Retrieved
4841:the original
4831:
4819:. Retrieved
4813:
4804:
4792:. Retrieved
4789:The Next Web
4788:
4778:
4766:. Retrieved
4761:
4752:
4740:. Retrieved
4731:
4722:
4713:
4687:. Retrieved
4680:the original
4667:
4655:. Retrieved
4651:the original
4646:
4637:
4625:. Retrieved
4621:the original
4616:
4606:
4594:. Retrieved
4590:the original
4580:
4568:. Retrieved
4563:
4553:
4541:. Retrieved
4532:
4520:. Retrieved
4516:the original
4506:
4486:
4479:
4459:
4440:
4431:
4419:. Retrieved
4395:
4389:
4379:
4361:
4349:. Retrieved
4336:
4313:
4307:
4298:
4292:
4273:
4267:
4255:. Retrieved
4251:the original
4240:
4231:
4219:. Retrieved
4213:
4204:
4194:16 September
4192:. Retrieved
4188:
4179:
4167:. Retrieved
4158:
4149:
4137:. Retrieved
4133:the original
4128:
4118:
4109:
4073:
4037:
4031:
3917:Cyberwarfare
3851:The Atlantic
3849:
3840:
3836:
3829:
3827:
3794:Gordon Gould
3792:
3769:
3747:
3740:Image sensor
3720:
3705:
3690:
3664:
3656:April 1977:
3630:
3616:
3599:
3537:
3497:
3455:
3436:
3433:Social media
3401:floppy disks
3399:, and later
3385:data sharing
3358:
3346:Marcian Hoff
3339:
3327:silicon-gate
3289:, using the
3283:Robert Noyce
3261:
3257:manipulation
3242:
3222:vacuum tubes
3218:World War II
3203:
3130:John Bardeen
3107:
3071:
3031:
3004:
2964:productivity
2957:
2937:
2880:middle class
2877:
2873:world market
2833:working time
2814:
2793:
2766:fiber optics
2752:Eventually,
2751:
2721:
2715:
2708:
2686:
2674:
2650:Juglar cycle
2648:(18 years),
2644:(54 years),
2545:) functions.
2511:sold in the
2495:(along with
2472:
2470:
2449:
2439:
2433:
2389:
2318:
2282:
2250:
2234:steam engine
2227:
2212:
2202:
2153:
2141:
2126:
2117:
2107:
2100:
2093:
2086:
2074:
2062:Please help
2057:verification
2054:
2014:gene testing
1983:
1954:
1946:
1937:
1908:
1885:
1876:Kryder's law
1864:digital data
1861:
1829:
1814:Data storage
1783:
1740:
1730:miniaturized
1723:
1693:computer lab
1606:
1603:
1541:
1510:Social media
1494:mobile phone
1483:
1472:
1462:
1452:
1449:
1429:mass culture
1390:
1379:
1369:
1347:
1341:
1335:
1330:
1323:
1312:
1311:
1300:
1296:
1269:
1242:
1235:
1192:
1155:technology.
1130:
1114:silicon-gate
1075:
1064:
1024:Robert Noyce
1017:
1012:
991:
963:John Bardeen
948:
939:Philadelphia
882:
843:
824:
808:arithmometer
781:
757:
748:
730:
708:
683:
680:Internet Age
679:
675:
671:
667:
664:Computer Age
663:
659:
655:
653:
618:
493:Contemporary
488:Early modern
254:Protohistory
206:Contemporary
200:
173:
172:
168:
102:
51:1947–Present
40:
18:Internet age
10813:New Zealand
10771:2020–2022;
10735:New Zealand
10708:2007–2009;
10654:1990–1991;
10638:(1982–2007)
10606:1980–1982;
10578:(1973–1982)
10556:(1957–1958)
10550:(1953–1954)
10544:(1948–1949)
10532:(1945–1973)
10497:New Zealand
10480:1929–1939;
10456:(1918–1919)
10447:(1918–1939)
10429:(1910–1912)
10423:(1907–1908)
10417:(1902–1904)
10408:(1893–1897)
10402:(1890–1891)
10378:1873–1879;
10367:(1870–1914)
10350:(1869–1870)
10344:(1865–1867)
10335:(1857–1858)
10326:(1847–1848)
10314:(1840–1870)
10285:(1825–1826)
10276:(1815–1821)
10261:(1796–1799)
10255:(1789–1793)
10227:1772–1774;
10216:(1760–1840)
10194:(1430–1490)
10192:Great Slump
10185:(1000–1760)
10131:Stagflation
10090:Yield curve
10036:Price level
9816:Open Balkan
9634:integration
9564:Rule of law
9559:Natural law
9536:Agnosticism
9514:Hellenistic
9492:Anglo-Saxon
9422:Catholicism
9361:Atlanticism
9266:Rationalism
9072:Immigration
9055:Esotericism
8913:World War I
8878:Romanticism
8858:Reformation
8838:Renaissance
8816:Middle Ages
8781:Christendom
8710:Foundations
8599:Video games
8579:Digital art
8336:Concurrency
8205:Data mining
8117:Probability
7850:Interpreter
7577: – at
7505:, Springer
7461:Forbes ASAP
7398:13 February
7367:13 February
7278:9 September
7011:12 November
6661:Kilby, Jack
6541:20 December
6326:9 September
6189:Machlup, F.
5971:Cybernetics
5583:27 November
5490:19 February
5465:19 February
5104:VentureBeat
4931:11 February
4847:21 December
4768:16 February
4689:20 December
3712:Atari, Inc.
3571:smartphones
3543:Moore's law
3504:peripherals
3477:Dawon Kahng
3315:Dawon Kahng
3301:'s silicon
3295:Jean Hoerni
3212:, like the
3206:electronics
3200:Moore's law
3154:Dawon Kahng
3084:Transistors
3060:Innovations
3029:increases.
2900:outsourcing
2896:supervision
2869:consultants
2865:journalists
2756:(ICT)—i.e.
2580:Colin Clark
2554:bureaucracy
2451:Cybernetics
2392:information
2376:stored data
2368:information
2253:electricity
2246:Eli Whitney
2189:hieroglyphs
2173:Mesopotamia
2002:Allan Maxam
1934:Computation
1874:. As such,
1872:Moore's law
1777:in a dense
1771:Moore's law
1615:in 2014 (5
1556:Netherlands
1454:Cell phones
1403:introduced
1346:and 2004's
1259:began with
1238:Whole Earth
1090:Moore's law
1048:Dawon Kahng
1036:Jean Hoerni
893:Konrad Zuse
722:information
672:Silicon Age
668:Digital Age
460:Renaissance
10896:Categories
10874:Technology
10778:Bangladesh
10715:Bangladesh
10359:Gilded Age
10111:Depression
10063:Stagnation
9836:Rio Treaty
9347:Relativism
9305:Liberalism
9271:Empiricism
9223:Philosophy
9211:Secularism
9162:Philosophy
9099:Literature
8893:Capitalism
8657:Glossaries
8529:E-commerce
8122:Statistics
8065:Algorithms
8023:Stochastic
7855:Middleware
7711:Peripheral
7429:5 December
7336:18 January
7198:31 October
7155:5 December
7093:US 4531203
6269:4 December
6238:4 December
6165:0240802543
6119:0486434613
6000:. p.
5829:5 December
5726:IDC iView.
5605:Roser, Max
5070:(Report).
5044:Condé Nast
4566:(in Dutch)
4421:13 October
4283:0252725484
4169:17 October
4159:thought.co
4024:References
3987:Social Age
3952:Indigo Era
3907:Cybercrime
3810:Ciena Corp
3682:Steve Jobs
3493:NAND flash
3354:Stan Mazor
3342:Intel 4004
3271:Jack Kilby
3110:transistor
3090:Transistor
3023:capitalism
3019:productive
2960:automation
2933:job market
2908:production
2892:management
2861:executives
2857:scientists
2853:professors
2821:job market
2701:simulation
2448:'s (1948)
2438:'s (1949)
2380:algorithms
2324:long waves
2294:television
2286:newspapers
2242:cotton gin
2238:James Watt
2167:region of
2165:Nile River
2090:newspapers
1904:newspapers
1900:zettabytes
1896:compressed
1849:zettabytes
1832:compressed
1712:to global
1617:zettabytes
1588:smartphone
1552:Luxembourg
1514:Smartphone
1360:See also:
1163:See also:
1118:Intel 4004
951:transistor
919:See also:
812:punch card
796:slide rule
792:equatorium
719:modernized
700:transistor
591:Futurology
532:South Asia
432:South Asia
349:South Asia
286:Bronze Age
281:Copper Age
239:Common Era
214:10,000 BCE
160:Prehistory
103:Chronology
88:transistor
84:Key events
10818:Singapore
10773:Australia
10750:Sri Lanka
10710:Australia
10656:Australia
10482:Australia
10472:1926–1927
10469:1923–1924
10435:(1913–14)
10411:1899–1900
10267:1807–1810
10264:1802–1804
10245:1785–1788
10170:Sahm rule
10101:Recession
10002:Inflation
9998:Deflation
9781:Five Eyes
9776:EU–UK TCA
9618:Democracy
9507:Old Norse
9396:Abrahamic
9353:Peritrope
9335:Tolerance
9315:Socialism
9145:Mythology
9133:Classical
9082:Languages
9060:Astrology
8908:Modernism
8722:Old World
8478:Rendering
8473:Animation
8104:computing
8055:Semantics
7746:Processor
7268:0362-4331
7237:11 August
6531:0362-4331
6365:1099-050X
6259:IAE-Pedia
6094:Clark, C.
6081:144963523
5951:W. Weaver
5733:112313325
5702:755633889
5671:0036-8075
5370:22 August
5298:206531385
5282:0036-8075
5205:Clement.
4570:19 August
4402:: 48–54.
4221:22 August
4042:Routledge
3992:Space Age
3977:Netocracy
3806:Optelecom
3701:Apple DOS
3569:and then
3481:Simon Sze
3443:microform
3375:like the
3307:Bell Labs
3264:germanium
3172:Computers
3168:in 1963.
3138:Bell Labs
3015:workforce
2920:low-skill
2837:engineers
2825:automated
2817:workforce
2758:computers
2748:Economics
2728:broadcast
2521:use value
2517:commodity
2471:The term
2400:Aristotle
2332:paradigms
2261:computers
2214:Principia
2181:cuneiform
1960:cognitive
1922:petabytes
1763:automated
1733:microform
1433:Americans
1419:, also a
1401:Eric Bina
1377:in 1989.
1227:protocols
1201:in 1969.
1098:computing
1067:T-carrier
1005:Bell Labs
975:Bell Labs
955:germanium
831:telegraph
788:astrolabe
682:, or the
579:Modernity
546:West Asia
527:East Asia
446:West Asia
423:East Asia
363:West Asia
344:East Asia
300:Axial Age
202:Neolithic
196:Timelines
164:Stone Age
79:Worldwide
68:Knowledge
10862:Internet
10803:Malaysia
10788:Botswana
10740:Pakistan
10730:Malaysia
10234:Scotland
10094:Inverted
10058:Recovery
9841:Schengen
9771:Eurozone
9611:Property
9606:Religion
9497:Frankish
9487:Germanic
9467:Paganism
9388:Religion
9376:European
9288:Humanism
9191:Religion
9150:Painting
9116:Internet
9067:Folklore
9038:Clothing
9009:Calendar
8985:Cyrillic
8970:Alphabet
8933:Cold War
8637:Category
8465:Graphics
8240:Security
7902:Compiler
7801:Networks
7698:Hardware
7639:Archived
7581:magazine
7423:Archived
7361:Archived
7330:Archived
7272:Archived
7231:Archived
7192:Archived
7149:Archived
7077:18 March
7071:Archived
7040:Archived
7005:Archived
6977:Archived
6945:Archived
6915:Archived
6883:Archived
6840:Archived
6808:Archived
6776:Archived
6744:Archived
6674:archived
6663:(2000),
6647:Archived
6621:Archived
6586:Archived
6535:Archived
6475:29 April
6425:Archived
6408:Archived
6320:Archived
6289:Archived
6263:Archived
6232:Archived
6208:Archived
6153:Archived
6131:Marx, K.
6096:(1940),
5990:(1997).
5823:Archived
5788:Signiant
5781:Archived
5766:original
5761:EE Times
5740:Archived
5719:Archived
5679:21310967
5616:Archived
5611:. 2013.
5577:Archived
5537:Statista
5485:Statista
5460:Statista
5417:17 April
5391:17 April
5364:Archived
5352:26777788
5290:21310967
5211:Statista
5190:17 April
4991:17 April
4898:10 March
4821:17 April
4794:17 April
4742:17 April
4699:cite web
4657:17 April
4627:17 April
4596:17 April
4543:17 April
4522:17 April
4416:32003640
4371:Archived
4345:Archived
4257:17 April
4163:Archived
4139:18 April
4092:43092627
3897:Big data
3858:See also
3800:and the
3761:Internet
3723:Apple II
3693:graphics
3684:founded
3658:Apple II
3647:Apple II
3641:Apple II
3619:Apple II
3516:Internet
3381:Apple II
3178:Computer
3054:Facebook
2976:job loss
2968:job loss
2924:low-wage
2849:teachers
2774:Internet
2586:and the
2426:and the
2414:and the
2360:electric
2298:Internet
2240:and the
1975:people).
1963:capacity
1927:Internet
1920:was 281
1913:through
1892:exabytes
1890:was 432
1840:megabyte
1836:exabytes
1767:lossless
1613:exabytes
1609:exabytes
1554:and the
1544:Internet
1437:Internet
1425:Internet
1314:Compute!
1211:CYCLADES
1195:Internet
1022:chip by
983:computer
565:See also
409:Americas
394:Timeline
291:Iron Age
188:Holocene
142:a series
140:Part of
96:Internet
76:Location
64:Internet
10848:Portals
10808:Namibia
10396:1887–88
10338:1860–61
10329:1853–54
10320:1845–46
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