Hungarians - Knowledge

8136:, pp. 1, 8–9. "ur findings confirmed that the Xiongnu had a strongly admixed mitochondrial and Y-chromosome gene pools and revealed a significant western component in the Xiongnu group studied.... e propose Scytho-Siberians as ancestors of the Xiongnu and Huns as their descendants... ast Eurasian R1a subclades R1a1a1b2a-Z94 and R1a1a1b2a2-Z2124 were a common element of the Hun, Avar and Hungarian Conqueror elite and very likely belonged to the branch that was observed in our Xiongnu samples. Moreover, haplogroups Q1a and N1a were also major components of these nomadic groups, reinforcing the view that Huns (and thus Avars and Hungarian invaders) might derive from the Xiongnu as was proposed until the eighteenth century but strongly disputed since... Some Xiongnu paternal and maternal haplotypes could be found in the gene pool of the Huns, the Avars, as well as Mongolian and Hungarian conquerors." 3505: 3336: 3426: 3396: 2294: 3566: 3663: 3690: 3554: 3654: 3645: 3541: 3525: 3636: 3776: 3742: 3761: 3849: 3351: 2486: 1782: 3672: 3283: 3829: 3627: 1863:. The number of recorded battles increased from the end of the 9th century. In the late Avar period, a part of Hungarians was already present in the Carpathian Basin in the 9th century, this has been supported by genetic and archaeological research, because there are graves in which Avar descendants are buried in Hungarian clothes. The contemporary local population is descended from previous peoples of the Carpathian Basin, and a large number of people survived to the 10th century from the previous Avar period. An important segment of this Avar era Hungarians is that the 3411: 1879:, this three genetic components appear in the graves of the Hungarian conqueror elite of the 9th century. Based on the DNA in the Hungarian conqueror graves, the conquerors had eastern origin, but the vast majority of the Hungarian conquerors had European genome. The remains in cemeteries of the Hungarian commoners had fewer Eastern Asian ancestry than the remains in cemeteries of the Hungarian elite, which display around 1/3 Eastern ancestry. Commoners clustered with surrounding non-Hungarian groups, while elite remains clustered with modern day 3043:. The admixture event is suggested to have taken place in the Southern Ural region at 643–431 BCE. Modern Hungarians were found to be admixed descendants of the historical Magyar conquerors with local Europeans, as 31 Hungarian samples could be modelled as two-way admixtures of "Conq_Asia_Core" and "EU_Core" in varying degrees. The historical Magyar component among modern Hungarians is estimated at an average frequency of 13%, which can be explained by the relative smaller population size of Magyar conquerors compared to local European groups. 849: 274: 2478: 492: 2335: 3366: 3381: 651: 3717: 3699: 334: 314: 5000: 3726: 200: 3813: 3798: 294: 631: 2286: 3708: 1581: 3681: 909: 869: 3504: 2695:. The Carpathian Basin was demonstrably not empty when the Hungarian conquerors led by Árpád arrived. The conquering Hungarians mixed to varying degrees on individual level with the Avar population living in the Carpathian Basin, but they had Avar genetic heritage as well. According to Endre Neparáczki, it is no longer possible to narrow down the Hungarian population of the Carpathian Basin only of people of Árpád. Following the devastations caused by the 552: 770: 750: 68: 392: 592: 127: 3878: 512: 432: 354: 219: 790: 472: 237: 109: 2343: 929: 889: 829: 163: 671: 532: 452: 2234: 730: 145: 4463: 373: 710: 572: 3453: 255: 181: 412: 2128: 3565: 3540: 7474:

Vanchigdash, Chuluunkhuu; Ochir, Battuga; Munkhbayar, Chuluunbat; Tumen, Dashzeveg; Kovalev, Alexey; Kradin, Nikolay; Bazarov, Bilikto A.; Miyagashev, Denis A.; Konovalov, Prokopiy B.; Zhambaltarova, Elena; Miller, Alicia Ventresca; Haak, Wolfgang; Schiffels, Stephan; Krause, Johannes; Boivin, Nicole; Erdene, Myagmar; Hendy, Jessica; Warinner, Christina (12 November 2020).

2358:, the Kingdom had been cut into several parts, leaving only a quarter of its original size. One-third of the Hungarians became minorities in the neighbouring countries. During the remainder of the 20th century, the Hungarians population of Hungary grew from 7.1 million (1920) to around 10.4 million (1980), despite losses during the 2663:. The elite of the conquering Hungarians established the Hungarian state, genetic studies revealed, the conqueror elite in both sexes has approximately 30% Eastern Eurasian components, while the commoner population appears to have carried the overlaid local European gene pool from previous eastern immigrations. In medieval 2643:, this admixture happened before the arrival of the Huns to the Volga region in 370. The Huns integrated local tribes east of the Urals, among them Sarmatians and the ancestors of the Hungarian conquerors. The Hungarians arrived in the frame of a strong centralized steppe-empire under the leadership of Grand Prince 2923:

According to a study by Pamjav, the area of Bodrogköz suggested to be a population isolate found an elevated frequency of Haplogroup N: R1a-M458 (20.4%), I2a1-P37 (19%), R1a-Z280 (14.3%), and E1b-M78 (10.2%). Various R1b-M343 subgroups accounted for 15% of the Bodrogköz population. Haplogroup N1c-Tat

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and the interior regions housed the surviving Avar population in their stateless state. The downfall of the Avar Khaganate at the beginning of the 9th century did not mean the extinction of the Avar population, contemporary written sources report surviving Avar groups. According to the archaeological

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Neparáczki, Endre; Juhász, Zoltán; Pamjav, Horolma; Fehér, Tibor; Csányi, Bernadett; Zink, Albert; Maixner, Frank; Pálfi, György; Molnár, Erika; Pap, Ildikó; Kustár, Ágnes; Révész, László; Raskó, István; Török, Tibor (February 2017). "Genetic structure of the early Hungarian conquerors inferred from

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The question asked was "Do you consider yourself to be...?" With a card showing: Catholic, Orthodox, Protestant, Other Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu, Atheist, and Non-believer/Agnostic. Space was given for Other (SPONTANEOUS) and DK. Jewish, Sikh, Buddhist, Hindu did not reach the

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The "Red Map", based on the 1910 census. Regions with population density below 20 persons/km (52 persons/sq mi) are left blank and the corresponding population is represented in the nearest region with population density above that limit. Red colour to mark Hungarians and light purple colour to

2014:

in a pre-planned manner, with a long move-in between 862 and 895. This is confirmed by the archaeological findings, in the 10th-century Hungarian cemeteries, the graves of women, children and elderly people are located next to the warriors, they were buried according to the same traditions, wore the

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Maár, Kitti; Varga, Gegely I.B.; Kovács, Bence; Schütz, Oszkár; Maróti, Zoltán; Kalmár, Tibor; Nyerki, Emil; Nagy, István; Latinovics, Dóra; Tihanyi, Balázs; Marcsik, Antónia; Pálfi, György; Bernert, Zsolt; Gallina, Zsolt; Varga, Sándor; Költő, László; Raskó, István; Török, Tibor; Neparáczki, Endre

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culture is widely accepted among researchers. A full genome study found that the Bashkirs display, next to their high European ancestry, also affinity to both Uralic-speaking populations of Northern Asia, as well as Inner Asian Turkic groups, "pointing to a mismatch of their cultural background and

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Hungarian settlers from the northern and western counties of the Kingdom of Hungary. Spontaneous assimilation was an important factor, especially among the German and Jewish minorities and the citizens of the bigger towns. On the other hand, about 1.5 million people (about two-thirds non-Hungarian)

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Triska, Petr; Chekanov, Nikolay; Stepanov, Vadim; Khusnutdinova, Elza K.; Kumar, Ganesh Prasad Arun; Akhmetova, Vita; Babalyan, Konstantin; Boulygina, Eugenia; Kharkov, Vladimir; Gubina, Marina; Khidiyatova, Irina; Khitrinskaya, Irina; Khrameeva, Ekaterina E.; Khusainova, Rita; Konovalova, Natalia

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East Eurasian R1a subclades R1a1a1b2a-Z94 and R1a1a1b2a2-Z2124 were a common element of the Hun, Avar and Hungarian Conqueror elite and very likely belonged to the branch that was observed in our Xiongnu samples. Moreover, haplogroups Q1a and N1a were also major components of these nomadic groups,

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In the case of the Southern Mansi males, the most frequent haplogroups were N1b-P43 (33%), N1c-L1034 (28%) and R1a-Z280 (19%).The Konda Mansi population shared common haplotypes within haplogroups R1a-Z280 or N-M46 with Hungarian speakers, which may suggest that the Hungarians were in contact with

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was nearly uninhabited but now has 1.3 million inhabitants, nearly all of them Hungarians. As a consequence, having also the Habsburg colonization policies, the country underwent a great change in ethnic composition as its population more than tripled to 8 million between 1720 and 1787, while only

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The decline of the Hungarians was due to the constant wars, Ottoman raids, famines, and plagues during the 150 years of Ottoman rule. The main zones of war were the territories inhabited by the Hungarians, so the death toll depleted them at a much higher rate than among other nationalities. In the

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Csányi, B.; Bogácsi-Szabó, E.; Tömöry, Gy.; Czibula, Á.; Priskin, K.; Csõsz, A.; Mende, B.; Langó, P.; Csete, K.; Zsolnai, A.; Conant, E. K.; Downes, C. S.; Raskó, I. (July 2008). "Y-Chromosome Analysis of Ancient Hungarian and Two Modern Hungarian-Speaking Populations from the Carpathian Basin".

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Maróti, Zoltán; Neparáczki, Endre; Schütz, Oszkár; Maár, Kitti; Varga, Gergely I.B.; Kovács, Bence; Kalmár, Tibor; Nyerki, Emil; Nagy, István; Latinovics, Dóra; Tihanyi, Balázs; Marcsik, Antónia; Pálfi, György; Bernert, Zsolt; Gallina, Zsolt; Horváth, Ciprián; Varga, Sándor; Költő, László; Raskó,

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Maróti, Zoltán; Neparáczki, Endre; Schütz, Oszkár; Maár, Kitti; Varga, Gergely I. B.; Kovács, Bence; Kalmár, Tibor; Nyerki, Emil; Nagy, István; Latinovics, Dóra; Tihanyi, Balázs (20 January 2022). "Whole genome analysis sheds light on the genetic origin of Huns, Avars and conquering Hungarians".

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Neparáczki, Endre; Maróti, Zoltán; Kalmár, Tibor; Maár, Kitti; Nagy, István; Latinovics, Dóra; Kustár, Ágnes; Pálfi, György; Molnár, Erika; Marcsik, Antónia; Balogh, Csilla; Lőrinczy, Gábor; Gál, Szilárd Sándor; Tomka, Péter; Kovacsóczy, Bernadett; Kovács, László; Raskó, István; Török, Tibor (12

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folks from east to the Carpathian Basin. Other studies point out that the Hungarian conqueror group and the local population started admixing only on the second half of the 10th century, and that research done of the first and second generation cemeteries in the Carpathian basin show uniparental

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Wang, Ke; Yu, He; Radzevičiūtė, Rita; Kiryushin, Yuriy F.; Tishkin, Alexey A.; Frolov, Yaroslav V.; Stepanova, Nadezhda F.; Kiryushin, Kirill Yu.; Kungurov, Artur L.; Shnaider, Svetlana V.; Tur, Svetlana S.; Tiunov, Mikhail P.; Zubova, Alisa V.; Pevzner, Maria; Karimov, Timur (6 February 2023).

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Neparáczki et al. argues, based on archeogenetic results, that the historical Hungarian Conquerors were mostly a mixture of Central Asian Steppe groups, Slavic, and Germanic tribes, and this composite people evolved between 400 and 1000 AD. According to Neparáczki: "From all recent and archaic

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Modern Hungarians show relative close affinity to surrounding populations, but harbour a small "Siberian" component associated with Khanty/Mansi, as well as the Nganasan people, and argued to have arrived with the historical Magyars. Modern Hungarians formed from several historical population

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at the end of the 9th century, is thus a "tenuous construct", based on linguistics, analogies in folklore, archaeology and subsequent written evidence. In the 21st century, historians have argued that "Hungarians" did not exist as a discrete ethnic group or people for centuries before their

7473:

Jeong, Choongwon; Wang, Ke; Wilkin, Shevan; Taylor, William Timothy Treal; Miller, Bryan K.; Bemmann, Jan H.; Stahl, Raphaela; Chiovelli, Chelsea; Knolle, Florian; Ulziibayar, Sodnom; Khatanbaatar, Dorjpurev; Erdenebaatar, Diimaajav; Erdenebat, Ulambayar; Ochir, Ayudai; Ankhsanaa, Ganbold;

2770:), and more similar to the neighbouring non-Uralic neighbors. Modern Hungarians share a small but significant "Inner Asian/Siberian" component with other Uralic-speaking populations. The historical Hungarian conqueror YDNA variation had a higher affinity with modern day Bashkirs and 2545:

folks from east to the Carpathian Basin. The foundational population of the Carpathian Basin carrying the common European gene pool remained in a significant majority throughout the migratory periods in the Carpathian Basin. During the 9th century BC, smaller groups of pre-Scythians

1482:, south of the forest zone and not far from the steppe. The relatedness of Hungarians with other Ugric peoples is confirmed by linguistic and genetic data, but modern Hungarians have also substantial admixture from local European populations. The Ugric languages are a member of the 7533:

Tambets, Kristiina; Yunusbayev, Bayazit; Hudjashov, Georgi; Ilumäe, Anne-Mai; Rootsi, Siiri; Honkola, Terhi; Vesakoski, Outi; Atkinson, Quentin; Skoglund, Pontus; Kushniarevich, Alena; Litvinov, Sergey; Reidla, Maere; Metspalu, Ene; Saag, Lehti; Rantanen, Timo (21 September 2018).

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arrived in multiple waves from 50 BC, leaving a significant archaeological heritage behind, the examined Sarmatian individuals genetically also belong to the genetic legacy of the local European population. Various groups of Asian origin settled in the Carpathian Basin, such as

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István; Nagy, Péter L.; Balogh, Csilla; Zink, Albert; Maixner, Frank; Götherström, Anders; George, Robert; Szalontai, Csaba; Szenthe, Gergely; Gáll, Erwin; Kiss, Attila P.; Gulyás, Bence; Kovacsóczy, Bernadett Ny.; Gál, Sándor Szilárd; Tomka, Péter; Török, Tibor (25 May 2022).

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Neparáczki, Endre; Maróti, Zoltán; Kalmár, Tibor; Maár, Kitti; Nagy, István; Latinovics, Dóra; Kustár, Ágnes; Pálfi, György; Molnár, Erika; Marcsik, Antónia; Balogh, Csilla; Lőrinczy, Gábor; Tomka, Péter; Kovacsóczy, Bernadett; Kovács, László; Török, Tibor (12 November 2019).

4464:"Ethnic Origin (279), Single and Multiple Ethnic Origin Responses (3), Generation Status (4), Age (12) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces and Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2016 Census – 25% Sample Data" 2019:

of the following years prove that the Hungarian population that settled in the Carpathian Basin was not a weakened population without a significant military power. Other theories assert that the move of the Hungarians was forced or at least hastened by the joint attacks of

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settlement in the Carpathian basin. Instead, the formation of the people with its distinct identity was a process. According to this view, Hungarians as a people emerged by the 9th century, subsequently incorporating other, ethnically and linguistically divergent, peoples.

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Neparáczki, Endre; Maróti, Zoltán; Kalmár, Tibor; Kocsy, Klaudia; Maár, Kitti; Bihari, Péter; Nagy, István; Fóthi, Erzsébet; Pap, Ildikó; Kustár, Ágnes; Pálfi, György; Raskó, István; Zink, Albert; Török, Tibor (18 October 2018). Caramelli, David (ed.).

3514:. Kniezsa's view has been criticized by many scholars, because of its non-compliance with later archaeological and onomastics research, but his map is still regularly cited in modern reliable sources. One of the most prominent critics of this map was 2591:), while the majority of them consisted of subjugated Germanic and Sarmatian populations. The most significant influx of genes from Asia occurred during the Avar period, arriving in multiple waves. The ruling elite of the Avars originated from the 1614:-speakers became distinguished from the rest of the Uralic community, of which the ancestors of the Magyars, being located farther south, were the most numerous. Judging by evidence from burial mounds and settlement sites, they interacted with the 1828:. In this power vacuum, the Hungarian conqueror elite took the system of the former Avar Kaganate, there is no trace of massacres and mass graves, it is believed to have been a peaceful transition for local residents in the Carpathian Basin. The 7159:

Varga, Gergely I B; Kristóf, Lilla Alida; Maár, Kitti; Kis, Luca; Schütz, Oszkár; Váradi, Orsolya; Kovács, Bence; Gînguță, Alexandra; Tihanyi, Balázs; Nagy, Péter L; Maróti, Zoltán; Nyerki, Emil; Török, Tibor; Neparáczki, Endre (January 2023).

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from Budapest and northern Hungary, found 60% R1a, 13% R1b, 11% I, 9% E, 2% G, 2% J2. A study estimating possible Inner Asian admixture among nearly 500 Hungarians based on paternal lineages only, estimated it at 5.1% in Hungary, at 7.4 in

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History of Transylvania Volume I. From the Beginnings to 1606 - II. From Dacia to Erdőelve: Transylvania in the Period of the Great Migrations (271-896) - 7. Transylvania in the Period of the Hungarian Conquest and Foundation of a

2679:, the guiding principle was the Hun-Hungarian continuity. The 20th century mainstream scholarship dismisses a close connection between the Hungarians and Huns. However, the archaeogenetics studies revealed the Hun heritage of the 6261:

2463:. On 26 May 2010, Hungary's Parliament passed a bill granting dual citizenship to ethnic Hungarians living outside of Hungary. Some neighboring countries with sizable Hungarian minorities expressed concerns over the legislation. 1179:

There are an estimated 14.5 million ethnic Hungarians and their descendants worldwide, of whom 9.6 million live in today's Hungary. About 2 million Hungarians live in areas that were part of the Kingdom of Hungary before the

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Zhang, Fan; Ning, Chao; Scott, Ashley; Fu, Qiaomei; Bjørn, Rasmus; Li, Wenying; Wei, Dong; Wang, Wenjun; Fan, Linyuan; Abuduresule, Idilisi; Hu, Xingjun; Ruan, Qiurong; Niyazi, Alipujiang; Dong, Guanghui; Cao, Peng (2021).

3553: 3268:(Gypsy) ethnic minorities have been living in Hungary since the Middle Ages. Jews have been living in Hungary since the Roman era, as the archeological evidence of Jewish gravestones dating from this period demonstrates. 8885: 2947:

belong to the following haplogroups: 20% R1b, 19% R1a, 17% I1, 11% J2, 10% J1, 8% E1b1b1a, 5% I2a1, 5% G2, 3% P*, 1% E*, 1% N. It can be inferred that Szekelys have more significant German admixture. A study sampling 45

2687:Árpád family members are in line with the reported conquering Hungarian-Hun origin of the dynasty in harmony with their Y-chromosomal phylogenetic connections. According to the growing archaeological evidence that the 4086: 1417:. This was a misnomer, as while the Magyars do have some Turkic genetic and cultural influence, including their historical social structure being of Turkic origin, they still are not widely considered as part of the 3524: 1859:. According to historian György Szabados and archeologist Miklós Béla Szőke, a group of Hungarians were already living in the Carpathian Basin at that time, so they could quickly intervene in the events of the 8781: 1552:. The historical Magyars created an alliance of steppe tribes, consisting of an Ugric/Magyar ruling class, and formerly Iranian but also Turkic (Oghuric) and Slavic speaking tribes, which conquered the 7261:"Relationship of the gene pool of the Khants with the peoples of Western Siberia, Cis-Urals and the Altai-Sayan Region according to the data on the polymorphism of autosomic locus and the Y-chromosome" 2249:

The first accurate measurements of the population of the Kingdom of Hungary including ethnic composition were carried out in 1850–51. There is a debate among Hungarian and non-Hungarian (especially

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Keyser, Christine; Zvénigorosky, Vincent; Gonzalez, Angéla; Fausser, Jean-Luc; Jagorel, Florence; Gérard, Patrice; Tsagaan, Turbat; Duchesne, Sylvie; Crubézy, Eric; Ludes, Bertrand (30 July 2020).

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A MAGYAROK TÜRK MEGNEVEZÉSE BÍBORBANSZÜLETETT KONSTANTINOS DE ADMINISTRANDOIMPERIO CÍMÛ MUNKÁJÁBAN – Takács Zoltán Bálint, SAVARIAA VAS MEGYEI MÚZEUMOK ÉRTESÍTÕJE28 SZOMBATHELY, 2004, pp. 317–333

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collapsed. At the time of the Hungarian migration, the land was inhabited only by a sparse population of Slavs, numbering about 200,000, who were either assimilated or enslaved by the Hungarians.

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Post, Helen; Németh, Endre; Klima, László; Flores, Rodrigo; Fehér, Tibor; Türk, Attila; Székely, Gábor; Sahakyan, Hovhannes; Mondal, Mayukh; Montinaro, Francesco; Karmin, Monika (24 May 2019).

4138: 2257:) historians about the possible changes in the ethnic structure of the region throughout history. The proportion of Hungarians in the Carpathian Basin was at an almost constant 80% during the 3395: 3335: 4119: 3425: 1629:

In the 4th and 5th centuries AD, the Hungarians were an "thnically mixed people" who moved to the west of the Ural Mountains, to the area between the southern Ural Mountains and the

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Other types of sources on the history of the Proto-Mongolian tribes are archaeological findings, which associate Mongolian ethnogenesis with slab grave cultures and the Lower Xiàjiādiàn.

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The homeland of the proto-Uralic peoples may have been close to Southern Siberia, among forest cultures in the Altai-Sayan region and may be linked to an ancestry maximized in the early

2230:). After the acceptance of the nation into Christian Europe under Stephen I, Hungary served as a bulwark against further invasions from the east and south, especially by the Turks. 8195:

Pamjav, Horolma; Fóthi, Á.; Fehér, T.; Fóthi, Erzsébet (1 August 2017). "A study of the Bodrogköz population in north-eastern Hungary by Y chromosomal haplotypes and haplogroups".

4867:(Volume 1 of History of Transylvania ed.). New York: Social Science Monographs, University of Michigan, Columbia University Press, East European Monographs. pp. 415–416. 2878:

ethnic group in particular, are descended from the Huns. However, mainstream scholarship dismisses a close connection between the Hungarians and Huns. A genetic study published in

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Nagy, P.L.; Olasz, J.; Neparáczki, E.; et al. (2020). "Determination of the phylogenetic origins of the Árpád Dynasty based on Y chromosome sequencing of Béla the Third".

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reinforcing the view that Huns (and thus Avars and Hungarian invaders) might derive from the Xiongnu as was proposed until the eighteenth century but strongly disputed since.

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and laid the territories of present-day Germany, France, and Italy open to Hungarian raids, which were fast and devastating. The Hungarians defeated the Imperial Army of

3848: 2210:, or Saint Stephen) was crowned King of Hungary in 1001. The century between the arrival of the Hungarians from the eastern European plains and the consolidation of the 1847:, and after hiring Hungarian troops, won his independence; this was the first time that Hungarians expeditionary troops entered the Carpathian Basin. In 862, Archbishop 1263:

Furthermore, Hungarians can be divided into several subgroups according to local linguistic and cultural characteristics; subgroups with distinct identities include the

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region) the following haplogroups and frequencies are obtained: 30% R1a, 15% R1b, 13% I2a1, 13% J2, 9% E1b1b1a, 8% I1, 3% G2, 3% J1, 3% I*, 1% E*, 1% F*, 1% K*. The 97

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groupings, including the historical Magyars, assimilated Slavic and Germanic groups, as well as Central Asian Steppe tribes (presumably Turkic and Iranian tribes).

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Hungarian males possess a high frequency of haplogroup R1a-Z280 and a low frequency of haplogroup N-Tat, which is uncommon among most Uralic-speaking populations.

1486:, which originated either in the Oka-Volga region, the Southern Uralic, or Western Siberia. Recent linguistic data support an origin somewhere in Western Siberia. 10274: 6481: 2489:

Population structure of Uralic-speaking populations inferred from ADMIXTURE analysis on autosomal SNPs in Eurasian context. Ugric-ancestry is represented by the

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took them first to Transylvania in 895. This is supported by an eleventh-century Russian tradition that the Hungarians moved to the Carpathian Basin by way of

6657:(in Hungarian and English) (3rd ed.). Budapest: Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Geographical Institute. 2683:, it was a significant Hun-Hungarian mixing around 300 AD, and the remaining Huns were integrated into the conquering Hungarians. The genomic analyses of the 4267: 2393:), a serious demographic crisis began to develop in Hungary and its neighbours. The Hungarian population reached its maximum in 1980, then began to decline. 6111:

Szeifert, Bea; Gerber, Daniel; Csáky, Veronika; Langó, Péter; Stashenkov, Dmitrii; Khokhlov, Aleksandr; Sitdikov, Ayrat; Gazimzyanov, Ilgizar (9 May 2022).

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and Bashkirs, suggesting that the Bashkirs are a mixture of Turkic, Ugric and Indo-European contributions. The homeland of ancient Hungarians is around the

2105:) suggest that many Hungarians remained to the north of the Carpathians after 895/896. There is also a consistent Hungarian population in Transylvania, the 8785: 2063:

was the leading tribe of the Hungarian alliance that conquered the centre of the basin. At the same time (c. 895), due to their involvement in the 894–896

1675:, from whom they learned gardening, elements of cattle breeding and of agriculture. Tradition holds that the Hungarians were organized in a confederacy of 2369:

The number of Hungarians in the neighbouring countries tended to remain the same or slightly decreased, mostly due to assimilation (sometimes forced; see

9300: 3252:, Slovaks, Serbs, Croats, and others) that resettled the depopulated central and southern territories of the kingdom (roughly present-day South Hungary, 2501:

Modern Hungarians stand out as linguistically isolated in Europe, despite their genetic similarity to the surrounding populations. The population of the

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Wang, Chuan-Chao; Posth, Cosimo; Furtwängler, Anja; Sümegi, Katalin; Bánfai, Zsolt; Kásler, Miklós; Krause, Johannes; Melegh, Béla (28 September 2021).

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Wang, Chuan-Chao; Posth, Cosimo; Furtwängler, Anja; Sümegi, Katalin; Bánfai, Zsolt; Kásler, Miklós; Krause, Johannes; Melegh, Béla (28 September 2021).

4087:"Data from census have confirmed that an exclusive national identity is a myth. This should also translate into the laws concerning national minorities" 2984:, which is shared in significant amounts with the historical Magyars and the royal Hungarian lineage, and representing the closest kin to the Hungarian 8878: 8087: 6738: 5045:"On The Genetic Continuity of the Iron Age Pazyryk Culture: Geographic Distributions of the Paternal and Maternal Lineages from the Ak-Alakha-1 Burial" 2306:

In the 19th century, the proportion of Hungarians in the Kingdom of Hungary rose gradually, reaching over 50% by 1900 due to higher natural growth and

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region of the Carpathian Basin, the Hungarians intensified their campaigns across continental Europe. In 900, they moved from the upper Tisza river to

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Bíró, András; Fehér, Tibor; Bárány, Gusztáv; Pamjav, Horolma (March 2015). "Testing Central and Inner Asian admixture among contemporary Hungarians".

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to early Bronze Age. This common European gene pool in the Carpathian Basin, has been overlaid by migration waves originating from the east since the

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Kharkov, V.N.; Kolesnikov, N.A.; Valikhova, L.V.; Zarubin, A.A.; Svarovskaya, M.G.; Marusin, A.V.; Khitrinskaya, I.Yu.; Stepanov, V.A. (March 2023).

2537:. According to genetic studies, the Carpathian Basin was continuously inhabited from at least the Bronze Age. There is a genetic continuity from the 8838:

MtDNA and Y chromosome polymorphisms in Hungary: inferences from the Palaeolithic, Neolithic and Uralic influences on the modern Hungarian gene pool

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The culture of Hungary shows distinctive elements, incorporating local European elements and minor Central Asian/Steppe derived traditions, such as

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to Hungarians living outside Hungary's borders (i.e. without requiring a permanent residence in Hungary). The referendum failed due to insufficient

8808: 7772:"Indo-European loanwords and exchange in Bronze Age Central and East Asia: Six new perspectives on prehistoric exchange in the Eastern Steppe Zone" 1919:

as a confederation of seven tribes. The Hungarians arrived in the frame of a strong centralized steppe-empire under the leadership of Grand Prince

1772: 5226:; Brewer, Paul; Shaw, Anthony; Chandler, Malcolm; Cheshire, Gerard; Cranfield, Ingrid; Ralph Lewis, Brenda; Sutherland, Joe; Vint, Robert (2003). 8634:

Korai Magyar Történeti Lexicon (9–14. század) (Encyclopedia of the Early Hungarian History (9th–14th Centuries)) Budapest, Akadémiai Kiadó; 753.

3190:

Besides the various peoples mentioned above, the Magyars were later influenced by other populations in the Carpathian Basin. Among these are the

2860:, and modern day Turkic-speaking peoples in the Volga region, suggesting a possible language shifted from an Uralic (Ugric) to Turkic languages. 6649: 1366:

in 881. The Magyars/Hungarians probably belonged to the Onogur tribal alliance, and it is possible that they became its ethnic majority. In the

5832: 3321:

Hungarian diaspora (Magyar diaspora) is a term that encompasses the total ethnic Hungarian population located outside of current-day Hungary.

9790: 7199:

Peltola, Sanni; Majander, Kerttu; Makarov, Nikolaj; Dobrovolskaya, Maria; Nordqvist, Kerkko; Salmela, Elina; Onkamo, Päivi (9 January 2023).

4349: 3410: 8803: 4568: 2703:

invasions, settlers from other parts of Europe played a significant role in establishing the modern genetic makeup of the Carpathian Basin.

9485: 8988: 1373:

In the Hungarian language, the Hungarian people name themselves as "Magyar". "Magyar" possibly derived from the name of the most prominent

6648:

Kocsis, Károly; Tátrai, Patrik; Agárdi, Norbert; Balizs, Dániel; Kovács, Anikó; Gercsák, Tibor; Klinghammer, István; Tiner, Tibor (2015).

4748:. Corpus fontium historiae Byzantinae (New, revised ed.). Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies. p. 65. 2884:

in November 2019 led by Neparáczki Endre had examined the remains of three males from three separate 5th century Hunnic cemeteries in the

7046:] (in Hungarian). MTA Irodalomtudományi Intézet (Institute for Literary Studies of Hungarian Academy of Sciences). pp. 615–641. 5779: 4218: 4798:

Byzanz und Ostmitteleuropa 950–1453: Beiträge zu einer table-ronde des XIX. International Congress of Byzantine Studies, Copenhagen 1996

1747:) along with their allies, the Kabars, started a series of looting raids from the Etelköz into the Carpathian Basin, mostly against the 8660:) – Patrik Tátrai: Etnikai térfolyamatok a Kárpát-medence határon túli régióiban + CD (for detailed data), Magyar Tudományos Akadémia ( 8523: 6380: 3967: 3612: 3365: 2692: 2680: 2604: 2452: 1912: 1825: 1785: 1776: 1339: 2310:. Between 1787 and 1910 the number of ethnic Hungarians rose from 2.3 million to 10.2 million, accompanied by the resettlement of the 2113:. The Székely people's origin, and in particular the time of their settlement in Transylvania, is a matter of historical controversy. 6528: 4527: 3972: 3380: 1800:, a geographically unified but politically divided land, after acquiring thorough local knowledge of the area from the 860s onwards. 6624:. Budapest: Eötvös Loránd Research Network (ELKH), Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences (CSFK), Geographical Institute. 2635:, the Mansis migrated northward, while the ancestor of Hungarian conquerors remained at the steppe-forest zone and admixed with the 10195: 9263: 8920: 4703: 2595:

in Mongolia, but a significant portion of the masses they brought in consisted of mixed-origin populations that had emerged in the

5095:

Fóthi, Erzsébet; Gonzalez, Angéla; Fehér, Tibor; Gugora, Ariana; Fóthi, Ábel; Biró, Orsolya; Keyser, Christine (14 January 2020).

1871:

may be largely based on the power centers formed during the Avar period. Based on DNA evidence, the Proto-Hungarians admixed with

1212:. In addition, significant groups of people with Hungarian ancestry live in various other parts of the world, most of them in the 9717: 8843:

Guglielmino, CR; De Silvestri, A; Beres, J (March 2000). "Probable ancestors of Hungarian ethnic groups: an admixture analysis".

7595:"Y-chromosomal connection between Hungarians and geographically distant populations of the Ural Mountain region and West Siberia" 6093: 6901: 4716: 2293: 5738:. New York: Columbia University Press, (The Hungarian original by Institute of History Of The Hungarian Academy of Sciences). 5520:. Helikon Kiadó, MTA BTK Magyar Őstörténeti Témacsoport (Hungarian Academy of Sciences – Hungarian Prehistory Research Team). 8993: 8625: 8071: 8036: 7141: 7016: 6805: 6769: 6662: 6629: 6595: 6491: 6447: 6390: 6177: 5797: 5597: 5525: 5401: 5355: 5200: 4840: 4806: 4753: 4667: 4035: 3662: 5019: 9307: 6651:

Changing Ethnic Patterns of the Carpatho–Pannonian Area from the Late 15th until the Early 21st Century – Accompanying Text

3689: 3559:

Map of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1910, based on the Hungarian census of the same year. Hungarians are marked in dark green.

2848:

show the smallest genetic distance to the entire Conqueror population" and "a direct genetic relation of the Conquerors to

4495: 10269: 9202: 9154: 9144: 4657: 4432: 2444:). Slovenia is also host to a number of ethnic Hungarians, and Hungarian language has an official status in parts of the 9066: 7895:"Mitogenomic data indicate admixture components of Central-Inner Asian and Srubnaya origin in the conquering Hungarians" 7036:[From the chronicles to the Gesta - Shifts in emphasis of the pre-time perspective in the 15th–18th centuries]. 6887: 6264:"Mitogenomic data indicate admixture components of Central-Inner Asian and Srubnaya origin in the conquering Hungarians" 5551: 5097:"Genetic analysis of male Hungarian Conquerors: European and Asian paternal lineages of the conquering Hungarian tribes" 4477: 2856:

ancestors of these groups is very feasible." Genetic data found high affinity between Magyar conquerors, the historical

10259: 10254: 10229: 9331: 9061: 9023: 8983: 8973: 8968: 3907: 2558:

between the 7th–6th century BC, their genetic data represent the genetic profile of the local European population. The

2269:

18th century, their proportion declined further because of the influx of new settlers from Europe, especially Slovaks,

1370:, the Hungarians had many names, including "Węgrzy" (Polish), "Ungherese" (Italian), "Ungar" (German), and "Hungarus". 8816: 1891:

formerly Uralic/Ugric-speaking ethnicities. According to some genetic studies, there is a genetic continuity from the

10264: 10244: 10239: 10234: 9783: 9743: 9528: 9403: 9317: 9207: 8933: 8686: 8669: 8639: 8501: 8118: 6363: 5743: 5564: 5239: 3952: 3812: 3488: 2615:

societies in the late Bronze Age to early Iron Age steppe-forest zone in the northern Kazakhstan region, near of the

1434: 1362: 1104: 4863:

Köpeczi, Béla; Makkai, László; Mócsy, András; Kiralý, Béla K.; Kovrig, Bennett; Szász, Zoltán; Barta, Gábor (2001).

10249: 9428: 9283: 9048: 8569: 4690: 4428: 4017: 3470: 2762:(Indo-European). Modern Hungarians are however genetically rather distant from their closest linguistic relatives ( 2696: 1229: 989: 1997: 4294: 2608: 1829: 1676: 1400: 1001: 8698:"Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin" 6470:

Koperski, A.: Przemyśl (Lengyelország). In: A honfoglaló magyarság. Kiállítási katalógus. Bp. 1996. pp. 439–448.

6201:"Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin" 6113:"Tracing genetic connections of ancient Hungarians to the 6th-14th century populations of the Volga-Ural region" 5975:"Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin" 5792:(in Hungarian). Oktatási Hivatal (Hungarian Educational Authority). 2020. pp. 15, 112, 116, 137, 138, 141. 4139:"Konačni rezultati popisa prema nacionalnoj pripadnosti: Mađari najbrojnija manjina, Jugoslovena više od 27.000" 9076: 9038: 4872: 3653: 3644: 1649:

rivers. Meanwhile, the descendants of those Hungarians who stayed in Bashkiria remained there as late as 1241.

1005: 7162:"The archaeogenomic validation of Saint Ladislaus' relic provides insights into the Árpád dynasty's genealogy" 5302: 4178: 4120:"Bevölkerung in Privathaushalten nach Migrationshintergrund im weiteren Sinn nach ausgewählten Geburtsstaaten" 9662: 9652: 9418: 8661: 8556:"Genetic evidence suggests a sense of family, parity and conquest in the Xiongnu Iron Age nomads of Mongolia" 7091:"Genetic evidence suggests a sense of family, parity and conquest in the Xiongnu Iron Age nomads of Mongolia" 4160: 3635: 3531: 3341: 2924:

covered 6.2% of the lineages, but most of it belonged to the N1c-VL29 subgroup, which is more frequent among

2401: 2122: 2016: 6742: 5507: 4371: 9776: 9508: 9380: 9253: 9043: 8998: 8913: 6833: 4197:"It has been officially recognized: far more Hungarians live in the United Kingdom than previously thought" 4059: 2836:

and Northeast Asian tribes may have caused the dispersal and expansion of proto-Uralic languages along the

2672: 2363: 2064: 1951: 997: 10200: 9164: 6612: 1377:, the "Megyer". The tribal name "Megyer" became "Magyar" in reference to the Hungarian people as a whole. 9712: 9702: 9657: 9452: 9295: 9169: 9071: 5669:"Genome-wide autosomal, mtDNA, and Y chromosome analysis of King Bela III of the Hungarian Arpad dynasty" 5448:"Genome-wide autosomal, mtDNA, and Y chromosome analysis of King Bela III of the Hungarian Arpad dynasty" 4832:

History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th Century: The So-called Tartars of Russia and Central Asia

2727: 2481:

The place of origin for the regional groups of Hungarians in the conquest period, according to Kinga Éry.

2400:), significant Hungarian minority populations can be found in the surrounding countries, most of them in 2386: 4219:"About number and composition population of UKRAINE by data All-Ukrainian census of the population 2001" 1991:

The land stretching between the Danube and the Tisza used to belong to my forefather, the mighty Attila.

1960: 1904:'s population, suggesting "only limited interaction with the local population of the Carpathian Basin". 9589: 9582: 9548: 9273: 9212: 9180: 9091: 8978: 8617: 7836:

A honfoglalók genetikai származásának és rokonsági viszonyainak vizsgálata archeogenetikai módszerekkel

7003: 6709: 6577: 6164: 5276: 4643:, the name given by early Russian writers to a Finno-Ugric people dwelling east of the Ural Mountains". 3463: 2897: 2700: 2684: 2087: 1449:" ("Hungarian nation") had a wider and political meaning because it once referred to all nobles of the 1385: 7536:"Genes reveal traces of common recent demographic history for most of the Uralic-speaking populations" 6512: 5918: 5381: 2485: 2075:. It is uncertain whether or not those conflicts contributed to the Hungarian departure from Etelköz. 1851:

records the campaign of unknown enemies called "Ungri", giving the first mention of the Hungarians in

10224: 9326: 9290: 9194: 9033: 5156: 3797: 2667:, a legend developed based on foreign and Hungarian medieval chronicles that the Hungarians, and the 2596: 2472: 2086:, which later became the core of the arising Hungarian state. By 902, the borders were pushed to the 1916: 4345: 2805:

Archeological mtDNA haplogroups show a similarity between Hungarians and Turkic-speaking Tatars and

1323:(literally "Ten Arrows" or "Ten Tribes"). Another possible explanation comes from the Russian word " 10012: 9692: 9627: 9493: 9464: 9366: 9361: 9278: 9187: 9013: 8560: 6678: 5342: 5223: 4769: 4729: 4346:"World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples – Croatia : Overview (2001 census data)" 3992: 2837: 2743: 2742:

in southern Siberia (Krasnoyarsk_Krai_BA; kra001). This type of ancestry later dispersed along the

2067:, Hungarians in Etelköz were attacked by Bulgaria and then by their old enemies the Pechenegs. The 1407: 7058: 2714:. While early Ugric-speakers can be associated with an ancestry component maximized in modern-day 9697: 9576: 9543: 9474: 9438: 9408: 9372: 9268: 9258: 9243: 9118: 9028: 8963: 8906: 4585: 3897: 3766: 3671: 2908:. It is believed that conquering Magyars may have absorbed Avar, Hunnish and Xiongnu influences. 2822:

genetic ancestry and an intricacy of the historic interface between Turkic and Uralic populations

2747: 2600: 2510: 2413: 1908: 1044: 9398: 6094:"Evidence of the Hun-Avar-Hungarian kinship rewrites our knowledge about the Hungarian conquest" 3942: 3510:

Kniezsa's (1938) view on the ethnic map of the Kingdom of Hungary in the 11th century, based on

1781: 1272: 10279: 9538: 9008: 8555: 7090: 4496:"Los obreros húngaros emigrados en América Latina entre las dos guerras mundiales. Ilona Varga" 4226: 3371: 2928:

speaking than Finno-Ugric speaking peoples. Other haplogroups had frequencies of less than 5%.

2925: 2759: 2409: 2072: 1816: 1185: 497: 6796:

Ethnic Politics in Eastern Europe: A Guide to Nationality Policies, Organizations, and Parties

5803: 4957:"Integrating Linguistic, Archaeological and Genetic Perspectives Unfold the Origin of Ugrians" 2477: 1521:. They arrived into Central Europe by the historical Magyar or Hungarian "conquerors", in the 9808: 9707: 9647: 9523: 9503: 9238: 9096: 8872: 8837: 8825: 8653: 5314: 4796: 3748: 3431: 3416: 3386: 3282: 2969: 2932: 2612: 2555: 2437: 2429: 2421: 2311: 2110: 1313:

The Hungarians' own ethnonym to denote themselves in the Early Middle Ages is uncertain. The

1241: 1221: 1209: 1201: 1193: 1189: 7835: 6554: 4830: 4551:"Prime Minister Viktor Orbán's address at the 9th meeting of the Hungarian Diaspora Council" 1327:" (Югра). It may refer to the Hungarians during a time when they dwelt east of the southern 9672: 9533: 9479: 9433: 9312: 9248: 9174: 9132: 8953: 8715: 8442: 8408: 7914: 7906: 7606: 7330: 7319:"Middle Holocene Siberian genomes reveal highly connected gene pools throughout North Asia" 7212: 6958: 6275: 6212: 5986: 5930: 5680: 5459: 5108: 4782: 4431:. Narodowy Spis Ludności i Mieszkań 2011 (National Census of Population and Housing 2011). 3835: 3626: 3473:. Please help replace the disputed map with another suitable one or improve it if possible. 3356: 3215: 2901: 2818: 2278: 2203: 2052: 1868: 1840: 1756: 1724: 1589: 1564: 1522: 1347: 1245: 1237: 1197: 9943: 8052:"J . SZŰCS: THEORETICAL ELEMENTS IN MASTER SIMON OF KÉZA'S GESTA HUNGARORUM (1282-1285)". 6925: 6532: 6321: 5004: 4999: 4914: 4555:

Prime Minister Viktor Orbán's address at the 9th meeting of the Hungarian Diaspora Council

8: 9553: 9413: 9226: 9149: 8771: 8657: 8616:. Cambridge Concise Histories (Fifth printing 2008 ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom: 8101:

Maenchen-Helfen, Otto J. (31 December 1973). Knight, Max (ed.). "The World of the Huns".

7384:"From the Ethnic History of Asia – the Dōnghú, Wūhuán and Xiānbēi Proto-Mongolian Tribes" 6715: 5272: 4717:

Toward an Understanding of Europe: A Political Economic Précis of Continental Integration

4581: 3977: 3957: 3401: 3286:

Hungarian diaspora in the world (includes people with Hungarian ancestry or citizenship).

2965: 2616: 2425: 2148: 2140: 2028:. According to eleventh-century tradition, the road taken by the Hungarians under Prince 1965: 1499: 1233: 1217: 1213: 1009: 437: 8719: 8446: 7910: 7804: 7771: 7610: 7334: 7293: 7260: 7216: 6962: 6279: 6216: 5990: 5934: 5684: 5463: 5112: 5003: This article incorporates text from this source, which is available under the 4983: 4956: 2350:: Kingdom of Hungary lost 72% of its land and 3.3 million people of Hungarian ethnicity. 9736: 9667: 9634: 9568: 9518: 9423: 9349: 9159: 9108: 9081: 8941: 8736: 8702: 8697: 8664:) – Földrajtudományi Kutatóintézet (Academy of Geographical Studies); Budapest; 2006.; 8589: 8496:("Language and languages"), edited by István Kenesei. Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest, 2004, 8471: 8430: 8350: 8264: 8220: 8177: 8004: 7979: 7960: 7947: 7894: 7874: 7817: 7747: 7712: 7684: 7659: 7635: 7594: 7570: 7535: 7510: 7475: 7450: 7417: 7364: 7118: 6984: 6794: 6298: 6263: 6233: 6200: 6137: 6112: 6067: 6032: 6007: 5974: 5954: 5886: 5859: 5701: 5668: 5480: 5447: 5430:

Continuity and/or encounter? "Avar" and "Hungarian" in the 9th century Carpathian Basin

5134: 5061: 5044: 5018:

Obrusánszky, Borbála (2018). "Are the Hungarians Ugric?". In Angela Marcantonio (ed.).

3902: 3602: 3277: 3211: 3110: 2985: 2880: 2871: 2833: 2707: 2664: 2656: 2652: 2514: 2324: 2211: 2180: 1970: 1940: 1932: 1928: 1860: 1450: 1356: 1253: 1249: 1161: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1121: 1113: 1039: 954: 6866: 5384:[Outline of the background of the Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin] 4524:"Thursday Top Ten: Top Ten Countries With The Largest Hungarian Diaspora In The World" 4445: 1719:

tribes of the Khazars joined the Hungarians and moved to what the Hungarians call the

10156: 9607: 9602: 9498: 9385: 9101: 9018: 8860: 8741: 8682: 8665: 8635: 8621: 8610: 8593: 8581: 8497: 8476: 8458: 8355: 8308: 8256: 8252: 8212: 8181: 8169: 8114: 8081: 8067: 8032: 8009: 7952: 7934: 7866: 7821: 7809: 7791: 7752: 7734: 7689: 7640: 7622: 7575: 7557: 7515: 7497: 7455: 7437: 7395: 7368: 7356: 7348: 7298: 7280: 7238: 7230: 7181: 7122: 7110: 7047: 7012: 6988: 6976: 6801: 6765: 6658: 6625: 6591: 6487: 6453: 6443: 6386: 6359: 6303: 6238: 6173: 6142: 6072: 6054: 6012: 5958: 5946: 5891: 5793: 5739: 5706: 5593: 5560: 5521: 5485: 5397: 5351: 5235: 5196: 5138: 5126: 5066: 4988: 4868: 4836: 4802: 4749: 4663: 4094: 4031: 3987: 3982: 3159: 3016: 3008: 3004: 2889: 2799: 2397: 2355: 2347: 2282:

39% of its people were Hungarians, who lived primarily in the centre of the country.

2219: 2168: 1642: 1618: 1607: 1557: 1537: 1367: 1351: 1181: 1173: 20: 9768: 8799:

Origins of the Hungarians from the Enciklopédia Humana (with many maps and pictures)

8391: 8268: 8224: 7964: 6606: 6604: 5860:"Maternal Lineages from 10–11th Century Commoner Cemeteries of the Carpathian Basin" 5650:"A Magyarságkutató Intézet azon dolgozik, hogy fényt derítsen valódi származásunkra" 5621: 9800: 9752: 9682: 9677: 9558: 9469: 9390: 8852: 8731: 8723: 8573: 8466: 8450: 8345: 8335: 8300: 8248: 8204: 8159: 8106: 8057: 7999: 7991: 7942: 7924: 7878: 7858: 7799: 7783: 7742: 7724: 7679: 7671: 7630: 7614: 7565: 7547: 7505: 7487: 7445: 7429: 7338: 7288: 7272: 7220: 7173: 7102: 7034:"A krónikáktól a Gestáig – Az előidő-szemlélet hangsúlyváltásai a 15–18. században" 6966: 6849:(From voivodeships to the empire. The modern history of Romania). Publishing house 6293: 6283: 6228: 6220: 6132: 6124: 6062: 6044: 6002: 5994: 5938: 5881: 5871: 5696: 5688: 5475: 5467: 5151: 5116: 5056: 4978: 4968: 4411: 3571:

Ethnic map depicting the contemporary ethnic distribution of Hungarians across the

3125: 3095: 2755: 2711: 2592: 2188: 2056: 2040:, the sacred leader of the Hungarian Great Principality died before he could reach 2002: 1982: 1955: 1945: 1789: 1603: 1602:

split up. Some dispersed towards the west and northwest and came into contact with

1595: 1568: 1553: 1528:

The historical Magyar conquerors were found to show significant affinity to modern

1490:

diverged from its relatives in the first half of the 1st millennium BC, in western

1483: 1397: 1288: 1169: 1165: 1072: 76: 9973: 9958: 8798: 8645: 8524:"Browse Hungary's detailed ethnographic map made for the Treaty of Trianon online" 7980:"Reconstructing genetic history of Siberian and Northeastern European populations" 7713:"Between Lake Baikal and the Baltic Sea: genomic history of the gateway to Europe" 7660:"Reconstructing genetic history of Siberian and Northeastern European populations" 7037: 6033:"Between Lake Baikal and the Baltic Sea: genomic history of the gateway to Europe" 5425:

Folytonosság és/vagy találkozás? "Avar" és "magyar" a 9. századi Kárpát-medencében

2671:

ethnic group in particular, are descended from the Huns. The basic premise of the

10174: 9687: 9642: 9620: 9113: 9086: 9003: 8820: 8753: 8711: 8304: 8164: 8147: 7929: 6949: 6601: 6288: 5161:

Central Europe in the High Middle Ages: Bohemia, Hungary and Poland, c.900–c.1300

4743: 3962: 3932: 3927: 3912: 3716: 3590: Regions outside Hungary where there are notable ethnic Hungarian minorities 3572: 2885: 2791: 2775: 2731: 2723: 2688: 2620: 2568: 2526: 2502: 2374: 2144: 2011: 1804: 1797: 1646: 1611: 1541: 1518: 1503: 1487: 1471: 1446: 1332: 1308: 971: 9935: 7418:"Early nomads of the Eastern Steppe and their tentative connections in the West" 6483:

Ethnic Groups and Population Changes in Twentieth-century Central-Eastern Europe

4612: 3698: 2448:

region. Today more than two million ethnic Hungarians live in nearby countries.

2297:

Traditional clothing in Hungary, around late 18th century and early 19th century

9921: 9878: 9757: 9613: 8776: 8727: 8676: 8577: 8454: 7618: 7492: 7106: 6224: 5998: 5730: 5692: 5471: 5231: 5121: 5096: 4506: 3892: 3883: 3839: 3515: 3249: 3237: 3223: 3144: 3012: 2893: 2874:, a legend developed based on medieval chronicles that the Hungarians, and the 2814: 2787: 2751: 2530: 2354:

The years 1918 to 1920 were a turning point in the Hungarians' history. By the

2334: 2319: 2262: 2184: 1901: 1852: 1660: 1599: 1533: 1495: 1479: 1418: 1389: 1328: 1276: 1126: 319: 205: 9948: 8856: 8413: 8340: 8208: 8062: 7862: 7729: 7552: 7343: 7318: 7225: 7200: 7177: 6971: 6944: 6826:

The new European Diasporas: National Minorities and Conflict in Eastern Europe

6049: 5942: 3937: 2587:. The military leadership of the European Huns descended from the Asian Huns ( 1715:

Around 830, a rebellion broke out in the Khazar khaganate. As a result, three

10218: 10179: 10164: 9851: 9597: 8462: 8173: 7938: 7795: 7738: 7626: 7561: 7501: 7441: 7399: 7352: 7284: 7234: 7051: 6829: 6457: 6058: 5159:; Przemysław Wiszewski (2013). "Hungarian 'pre-history' or 'ethnogenesis'?". 5130: 5070: 4576: 4481: 4098: 3917: 3725: 3608: 3265: 2973: 2829: 2779: 2572: 2460: 2370: 2315: 2307: 2091: 1752: 1728: 1634: 1615: 1598:-speaking peoples who were living in the central and southern regions of the 1374: 1157: 985: 975: 636: 7161: 6414: 5584: 4295:"Bevolking; geslacht, leeftijd, generatie en migratieachtergrond, 1 januari" 1567:", i.e. the history of the "ancient Hungarians" before their arrival in the 10169: 10136: 10118: 10076: 9861: 9846: 8864: 8813: 8745: 8585: 8480: 8359: 8312: 8260: 8216: 8013: 7956: 7870: 7813: 7756: 7693: 7644: 7579: 7519: 7459: 7360: 7302: 7242: 7201:"Genetic admixture and language shift in the medieval Volga-Oka interfluve" 7185: 7114: 6980: 6682: 6507: 6307: 6242: 6146: 6076: 6016: 5950: 5895: 5710: 5489: 4992: 3922: 3854: 3785: 3248:

1699, inevitably exerted an influence, as did the various nations (Germans/

2958: 2845: 2810: 2795: 2771: 2763: 2719: 2628: 2494: 2405: 2378: 2359: 2285: 2199: 2083: 1880: 1856: 1820: 1812: 1808: 1748: 1475: 1470:, has been a matter of debate. The Hungarian language is classified in the 1467: 1284: 1268: 967: 914: 9963: 9953: 8777:"A Y-chromosomal study of mansi population from konda River Basin in Ural" 8148:"A Y-chromosomal study of mansi population from konda River Basin in Ural" 8110: 7995: 7675: 6128: 5876: 4973: 3707: 2198:

approved Hungarian settlement in the area when their leaders converted to

1580: 10001: 9993: 9856: 5298: 5152: 4778: 4327: 4268:"Immigrant and Emigrant Populations by Country of Origin and Destination" 3680: 3218:

or other ethnic German minorities in the former Kingdom of Hungary or in

3199: 2992:. In turn, R1a-SUR51's ancestral subclades R1a-Y2632 are found among the 2989: 2739: 2456: 2258: 2152: 2015:

same style of ornaments, and belonged to the same anthropological group.

1974: 1630: 1545: 993: 874: 299: 279: 10141: 9983: 9978: 8890: 8056:. Central European University Press. pp. xxix–cii. 1 January 1999. 7787: 7433: 7276: 6619: 3260:

in Romania) after their departure. Similar to other European countries,

2954: 2944: 2905: 2875: 2867: 2668: 2265:

conquest, reaching as low as around 39% by the end of the 18th century.

2214:

in 1001 was dominated by pillaging campaigns across Europe, from Dania (

2106: 2102: 1264: 10105: 10081: 8681:. Translated by Major, Ann. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 3858: 3781: 3203: 3036: 2783: 2735: 2675:

tradition was that the Huns, i.e. the Hungarians coming out twice from

2648: 2636: 2624: 2559: 2547: 2538: 2506: 2441: 2172: 2068: 2048: 2025: 1924: 1892: 1872: 1736: 1610:

who were spreading northwards. From at least 2000 BC onwards, the

1506: 1438:, possibly referred to Hungarians and derived from the Hungarian title 557: 8373: 7383: 4888: 2611:. According to genetic study, the proto-Ugric groups were part of the 1855:. In 881, the Hungarian forces fought together with the Kabars in the 1720: 1343: 1319: 10146: 10093: 10056: 10048: 9886: 9873: 9868: 9824: 9817: 6643: 6641: 4774: 3261: 3253: 3231: 3195: 2997: 2988:, whose ancestry is traced to 4500 years ago, in modern day Northern 2981: 2977: 2676: 2576: 2551: 2518: 2445: 2417: 2382: 2261:. The Hungarian population began to decrease only at the time of the 2254: 2021: 1888: 1732: 1656: 1638: 1205: 1184:

in 1920 and are now parts of Hungary's seven neighbouring countries,

1133: 979: 854: 775: 755: 8540:

Spatiul istoric si etnic romanesc, Editura Militara, Bucuresti, 1992

7849:

mtDNA haplotypes and Y-chromosome haplogroups in a small cemetery".

7841: 7033: 6762:

Ethnic Geography of the Hungarian Minorities in the Carpathian Basin

5423: 3947: 3584: Hungary proper where Hungarians are the ethnic majority people 2940: 2342: 2151:

and last legitimate descendant of the German branch of the house of

10184: 10068: 10022: 9903: 9892: 8958: 8898: 8029:

The realm of St. Stephen: a history of medieval Hungary, 895 - 1526

7919: 7709: 7198: 7002:

Horváth-Lugossy, Gábor; Makoldi, Miklós; Neparáczki, Endre (2022).

6611:Őri, Péter; Kocsis, Károly; Faragó, Tamás; Tóth, Pál Péter (2021). 6583: 6439: 6163:

Horváth-Lugossy, Gábor; Makoldi, Miklós; Neparáczki, Endre (2022).

6029: 5911: 5909: 5907: 5905: 3511: 3032: 2806: 2639:. Later the ancestors of the Hungarian conquerors admixed with the 2632: 2534: 2522: 2433: 2241:

At this time, the Hungarian nation numbered around 400,000 people.

2233: 2227: 2176: 2156: 2041: 1884: 1760: 1529: 1280: 597: 397: 132: 9834: 7476:"A Dynamic 6,000-Year Genetic History of Eurasia's Eastern Steppe" 6638: 4164: 2949: 2798:. Modern Hungarians also display genetic affinity with historical 2644: 2619:

territory. The ancestors of the Hungarian conquerors lived in the

2037: 2029: 1920: 1832:

together with the Turkic-speaking Kabars integrated the Avars and

1296: 1292: 10088: 10040: 10032: 9897: 8929: 7258: 7088: 6587: 3789: 3752: 3207: 3031:

The historical Magyar genome corresponds largely with the modern

2920:

the Mansi people during their migration to the Carpathian Basin.

2857: 2853: 2849: 2588: 2580: 2328: 2274: 2250: 2215: 2136: 1848: 1833: 1668: 1664: 1653: 1514: 1491: 1414: 1381: 1137: 1054: 795: 517: 477: 359: 339: 242: 224: 150: 114: 72: 67: 8237: 7532: 7001: 6162: 5902: 5301:, A History of Hungary, Indiana University Press, 1994 page 11. 4030:(in Hungarian). Budapest: Hungarian Central Statistical Office. 1641:. In the early 8th century, some of the Hungarians moved to the 10189: 10113: 10027: 9968: 8031:. International library of historical studies. London: Tauris. 5583:

Négyesi, Lajos; Veszprémy, László (2011). Gubcsi, Lajos (ed.).

5021:

The state of the art of Uralic studies: tradition vs innovation

4284:

Befolkning efter födelseland och ursprungsland 31 December 2018

3862: 3804: 3618: 3227: 3191: 2778:, while their mtDNA has strong links to the populations of the 2767: 2726:

people, the earliest Uralic-speakers can be associated with an

2715: 2660: 2584: 2542: 2490: 2164: 2127: 2098: 1936: 1896: 1844: 1743:. From 862 onwards, the Hungarians (already referred to as the 1314: 1225: 1144:) and historical Hungarian lands (i.e. belonging to the former 1129: 934: 894: 834: 715: 676: 656: 577: 537: 457: 378: 260: 186: 168: 8513:

Ethnic Continuity in the Carpatho-Danubian Area, Elemér Illyés

8146:

Pamjav, H; Dudás, E; Krizsán, K; Galambos, A (December 2019).

7152: 5919:"The genetic origin of Huns, Avars, and conquering Hungarians" 2377:) and to emigration to Hungary (in the 1990s, especially from 1556:

and surrounding regions, giving rise to modern Hungarians and

9841: 9829: 7142:"Xiongnu Y-DNA connects Huns & Avars to Scytho-Siberians" 7011:. Budapest, Székesfehérvár: Institute of Hungarian Research. 6172:. Budapest, Székesfehérvár: Institute of Hungarian Research. 4794: 3819: 3257: 3140: 2936: 2270: 2223: 2160: 2079: 1766: 1740: 1716: 1672: 1652:

The Hungarians around the Don River were subordinates of the

1549: 1324: 1090: 735: 417: 8842: 8782:

Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License

8401: 8399: 2655:, the Hungarian ruling dynasty and the Hungarian state. The 2607:, who arrived from the Pontic steppes as a confederation of 2289:

Traditional Hungarian costumes from Jassic- Cuman area, 1822

1931:, the Hungarian ruling dynasty and the Hungarian state. The 1413:

of c. AD 950, though in his use, "Turks" always referred to

9913: 8431:"The genomic origins of the Bronze Age Tarim Basin mummies" 7891: 7847: 7315: 6945:"Historical human migrations: From the steppe to the basin" 6260: 4745:

De Administrando Imperio by Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus

4462:

Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (25 October 2017).

3040: 2993: 2863: 2640: 2564: 2195: 2033: 1876: 1510: 8780:, which is licensed in a way that permits reuse under the 8405: 8392:

137 ancient human genomes from across the Eurasian steppes

8152:

Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series

8145: 7044:

Bulletins of Literary History 1998, Vol. 102, Booklets 5-6

6847:

A vajdaságoktól a birodalomig. Az újkori Románia története

6822:

Partitioned nation: Hungarian minorities in Central Europe

6197: 5971: 5915: 5666: 5445: 4950: 4948: 2888:. They were found to be carrying the paternal haplogroups 2659:

claimed to be a direct descendant of the great Hun leader

2466: 1935:

claimed to be a direct descendant of the great Hun leader

1735:

around 854. The new neighbours of the Hungarians were the

8649: 8396: 6930:

Magyarságkutató Intézet (Institute of Hungarian Research)

5654:

Magyarságkutató Intézet (Institute of Hungarian Research)

4946: 4944: 4942: 4940: 4938: 4936: 4934: 4932: 4930: 4928: 4865:

Transylvania in the medieval Hungarian kingdom (896–1526)

4785:), and is four days distant from Tourkia (i.e. Hungary)." 4767:

According to Constantine Porphyrogenitus, writing in his

4636: 1087: 1084: 1081: 8760:(1282–1285)". In László Veszprémy; Frank Schaer (eds.). 8756:(1999). "Theoretical Elements in Master Simon of Kéza's 7039:

Irodalomtörténeti Közlemények 1998. 102. évf. 5-6. füzet

6647: 6158: 6156: 6110: 5774: 5772: 5770: 5768: 5760:

Bevezetés a magyar történelem forrásaiba és irodalmába 1

5626:

Rubicon (Hungarian Historical Information Dissemination)

5382:"Vázlat a magyar honfoglalás Kárpát-medencei hátteréről" 5094: 4862: 4262: 4260: 4258: 4256: 3462:

factual accuracy of the map included in this article is

488: 8764:. Central European University Press. pp. xxix–cii. 5222: 4651: 4649: 4254: 4252: 4250: 4248: 4246: 4244: 4242: 4240: 4238: 4236: 2870:

have always been a matter of debate among scholars. In

1824:

evidence, the Avar population survived the time of the

1317:"Hungarian" is thought to be derived from Oghur-Turkic 8390:

Sample DA129 ERS2374372 Nomad_IA Tian Shan; R1a-Y2632

6919: 6917: 6915: 6486:. M. E. Sharpe, Armonk, NY and London, England, 2003. 5259: 5257: 5255: 5253: 5251: 4925: 2505:

has the common European gene-pool which formed in the

1466:

The origin of Hungarians, the place and time of their

9798: 8678:

The Hungarians: A Thousand Years of Victory in Defeat

8290: 8194: 7592: 7472: 6995: 6576:

Historical World Atlas. With the commendation of the

6153: 5856: 5765: 3035:, and can be modeled as ~50% Khanty/Mansi-like, ~35% 2746:

westwards. They may also stood in contact with other

1517:. The Ugrians also display genetic affinities to the 1105: 1096: 8886:

Human Chromosomal Polymorphism in a Hungarian Sample

7416:

Savelyev, Alexander; Jeong, Choongwon (7 May 2020).

5188: 4646: 4461: 4233: 3873: 3530:

Ethnic map of the Kingdom of Hungary in 1495 by the

2980:

region, revealed them to belong to the R1a subclade

2722:

and historical Southern Siberian groups such as the

1350:, written sources called the Hungarians: "Ungri" by 1093: 8696:Neparáczki, Endre; et al. (12 November 2019). 8325: 7838:, ELTE TTK Biológia Doktori Iskola, 2017, pp. 61–65 7166:

Journal of Genetics and Genomics = Yi Chuan Xue Bao

7158: 6926:"Saint László is more Asian than most of our kings" 6912: 6610: 5586:

1000-1100 years ago…Hungary in the Carpathian Basin

5248: 4828: 4788: 2159:in 910. From 917 to 925, Hungarians raided through 1980:Árpád, Grand Prince of the Hungarians, says in the 1078: 1075: 8609: 8231: 7905:(10). Public Library of Science (PLoS): e0205920. 6793: 6358:] (in Hungarian). Szegedi Középkorász Műhely. 6256: 6254: 6252: 6193: 6191: 6189: 1453:, regardless of their ethnicity or mother tongue. 8695: 6936: 5509:Magyar őstörténet 4 – Honfoglalás és megtelepedés 4617:Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English Online 4429:Ludność. Stan i struktura demograficzno-społeczna 1731:. The Hungarians faced their first attack by the 10216: 8427: 6736: 5615: 5613: 5611: 5609: 5582: 5514:Hungarian Prehistory 4 - Conquest and Settlement 5375: 5373: 5371: 5369: 5367: 4084: 3240:, who occupied the central part of Hungary from 2904:is rare and has its highest frequency among the 2550:) of the Mezőcsát culture appeared. The classic 1773:History of Hungary before the Hungarian conquest 310: 8554:Keyser, Christine; et al. (30 July 2020). 8100: 7076: 6899: 6479: 6249: 6186: 5826: 5824: 5578: 5576: 5027:. Sapienza Università Editrice. pp. 87–88. 5011: 3003:Historical Magyar conquerors had around ~37.5% 2809:, while another study found a link between the 2513:, who were the first Homo sapiens appearing in 2362:and the wave of emigration after the attempted 1335:before their conquest of the Carpathian Basin. 627: 10275:Ethnic groups divided by international borders 8877:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 ( 8086:: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of August 2024 ( 7705: 7703: 7254: 7252: 6890:. Migration Information Source. November 2003. 6888:Hungary: Transit Country Between East and West 6621:National Atlas of Hungary – Volume 3 – Society 6378: 5545: 5543: 5541: 5539: 5537: 5176:Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages 5038: 5036: 5034: 4901:Hungarians and Europe in the Early Middle Ages 4655: 2277:. In 1715 (after the Ottoman occupation), the 1498:. The ancient Ugrians are associated with the 905: 9784: 8914: 8553: 8487: 8133: 7415: 6943:Saag, Lehti; Staniuk, Robert (11 July 2022). 6867:"Nyolcmillió lehet a magyar népesség 2050-re" 6671: 5643: 5641: 5639: 5637: 5635: 5606: 5501: 5499: 5396:] (in Hungarian). Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum. 5364: 5336: 5334: 5332: 4915:"Transylvania – The Roots of Ethnic Conflict" 4561: 4399:(in Hungarian). 22 November 2016. p. 29. 4350:United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees 2931:Among 100 Hungarian men, 90 of whom from the 865: 290: 270: 7025: 5852: 5850: 5821: 5781:Történelem 5. az általános iskolások számára 5724: 5722: 5720: 5573: 5441: 5439: 5394:Peoples and cultures in the Carpathian Basin 4730:Hungary under the early Árpáds: 890s to 1063 4584:. November 2012. p. 233. Archived from 4390:"Magyar diaszpórapolitikastratégiai irányok" 3619:Traditional costumes (18th and 19th century) 2338:Magyars (Hungarians) in Hungary, 1890 census 1645:, to an area between the Volga, Don and the 548: 7885: 7700: 7249: 6942: 6088: 6086: 5534: 5344:The Carolingian Age in the Carpathian Basin 5101:Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 5090: 5088: 5086: 5084: 5082: 5080: 5031: 5017: 4822: 4704:The Magyars: the birth of a European nation 4372:"PeopleGroups.org – Hungarians of Slovenia" 4322: 4320: 4318: 4316: 4314: 4312: 3733: 2691:population lived through the period of the 1659:. Their neighbours were the archaeological 1584:Map of the presumptive Hungarian prehistory 1405: 1342:when the Hungarian conquerors lived on the 845: 766: 746: 9791: 9777: 8921: 8907: 6730: 6500: 5632: 5505: 5496: 5329: 5216: 4691:The grand strategy of the Byzantine Empire 3968:Shamanistic remnants in Hungarian folklore 3613:Shamanistic remnants in Hungarian folklore 2693:Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin 2301: 2237:Population growth of Hungarians (900–1980) 1826:Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin 1786:Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin 1777:Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin 1767:Entering the Carpathian Basin (c. 862–895) 1340:Hungarian conquest of the Carpathian Basin 588: 388: 8735: 8470: 8412: 8349: 8339: 8163: 8061: 8003: 7946: 7928: 7918: 7803: 7746: 7728: 7683: 7634: 7569: 7551: 7509: 7491: 7449: 7381: 7342: 7292: 7224: 6970: 6677: 6526: 6297: 6287: 6232: 6136: 6066: 6048: 6006: 5885: 5875: 5847: 5717: 5700: 5479: 5436: 5163:. Cambridge University Press. p. 62. 5120: 5060: 4982: 4972: 4732:, Eastern European Monographs, 2002, p. 3 4085:Holka Chudzikova, Alena (29 March 2022). 4062:[As if cities had been emptied]. 4051: 4019:Mikrocenzus 2016 – 12. Nemzetiségi adatok 3973:List of domesticated animals from Hungary 3489:Learn how and when to remove this message 2750:(partially linked to the ethnogenesis of 2599:during the Hunnic era. Foundation of the 2179:. Hungarian expansion was checked at the 1939:. Medieval Hungarian chronicles from the 786: 508: 468: 428: 350: 330: 8293:Forensic Science International: Genetics 8027:Engel, Pál (2001). Ayton, Andrew (ed.). 7265:Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 7005:Kings and Saints – The Age of the Árpáds 6902:"Hungary Citizenship Bill Irks Neighbor" 6861: 6859: 6791: 6618:. In Kocsis, Károly; Őri, Péter (eds.). 6385:. Indiana University Press. p. 11. 6166:Kings and Saints - The Age of the Árpáds 6083: 5619: 5421: 5379: 5173: 5077: 4898: 4801:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. p. 46. 4795:Günter Prinzing; Maciej Salamon (1999). 4693:, Harvard University Press, 2009, p. 156 4656:Peter F. Sugar, ed. (22 November 1990). 4309: 4057: 4015: 3281: 2964:An analysis of Bashkir samples from the 2817:, and the Hungarian affinities with the 2509:through the admixture of three sources: 2484: 2476: 2453:a referendum in Hungary in December 2004 2341: 2333: 2292: 2284: 2232: 2126: 1780: 1624: 1579: 1164:. The Hungarian language belongs to the 925: 885: 825: 706: 667: 647: 568: 528: 448: 8891:Hungarian genetics researches 2008–2009 8674: 8319: 7072: 6701: 5830: 5624:[From Álmos to Saint Stephen]. 5559:. Budapest: Hungarian National Museum. 5417: 5415: 5413: 5350:. Budapest: Hungarian National Museum. 5049:International Journal of Human Genetics 4741: 4662:. Indiana University Press. p. 9. 4548: 3747:Hungarians dressed in folk costumes in 2911: 2866:origin or influences on Hungarians and 2467:Ethnic affiliations and genetic origins 1532:, and stood also in contact with other 1401:Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus 726: 408: 10217: 8788:. All relevant terms must be followed. 8762:Simon of Kéza: Deeds of the Hungarians 8607: 7139: 7031: 6814: 6755: 6429: 5841:Oktatási Hivatal (Office of Education) 5786:History 5. for primary school students 5549: 5189:Blench, Roger; Matthew Briggs (1999). 5182: 5042: 4328:"A diaszpóra tudományos megközelítése" 4136: 2244: 2010:The Hungarians took possession of the 1900:lineages can be derived from Iron Age 1478:is predicted to have been east of the 9772: 8902: 8752: 8026: 7769: 7068: 7064: 6923: 6856: 6569: 5647: 5390:Népek és kultúrák a Kárpát-medencében 5340: 4954: 4742:Jenkins, Romilly James Heald (1967). 4223:State Statistics Committee of Ukraine 4011: 4009: 2131:Hungarian raids in the 9–10th century 2097:Archaeological findings (e.g. in the 2044:, he was sacrificed in Transylvania. 1575: 1120: 16:Ethnic group native to Central Europe 8928: 7977: 7657: 6924:Endre, Neparáczki (22 August 2022). 6356:From Levedia to the Carpathian Basin 6349: 5728: 5506:Sudár, Balázs; Petek, Zsolt (2016). 5410: 4719:, Universal-Publishers, 2008, p. 358 3469:Relevant discussion may be found on 3446: 2529:steppe migrants that arrived in the 2047:In 895/896, under the leadership of 60:Regions with significant populations 5835:[The Origin of Hungarians] 4549:Hungary, About (19 November 2019). 4409: 4058:Széchely, István (3 January 2023). 3575:(also known and referred to as the 3534:(Hungarians are depicted in orange) 3046: 2832:. The arrival of the Indo-European 2774:as well as to two specimens of the 2420:). Sizable minorities live also in 2183:in 955, ending their raids against 2135:In 907, the Hungarians destroyed a 1710: 13: 8804:Hungarians in the Carpathian Basin 8328:European Journal of Human Genetics 7382:Vidaković, Nenad (30 April 2012). 6800:. M.E. Sharpe (Washington, D.C.). 6737:Lee, Jonathan; Robert Siemborski. 5648:Endre, Neparáczki (28 July 2022). 5592:. Budapest: MoD Zrínyi Média Ltd. 4137:Srbija, Euronews (28 April 2023). 4024:2016 microcensus – 12. Ethnic data 4006: 3908:List of people of Hungarian origin 3011:at 6.25% with the remainder being 1819:to a small extent in the Southern 1594:During the 4th millennium BC, the 14: 10291: 8809:Hungary and the Council of Europe 8792: 8774:, this article uses content from 6708:"Chapter 1. Historical Setting". 6412: 6326:of Anonymus, Notary of King Béla" 5831:Makoldi, Miklós (December 2021). 5731:"Conquest, Settlement, and Raids" 5553:The Era of the Hungarian Conquest 4526:. 1 December 2016. Archived from 4412:"Hungarian in Bosnia-Herzegovina" 4060:"Mintha városok ürültek volna ki" 3953:Pole, Hungarian, two good friends 2327:between 1890–1910 to escape from 1621:and Baikal-Altai Asian cultures. 1435:The Secret History of the Mongols 1432:, found in the 13th-century work 1363:Annales ex Annalibus Iuvavensibus 8826:Hungarians outside Hungary – Map 8534: 8516: 8507: 8421: 8384: 8366: 8284: 8275: 8253:10.1111/j.1469-1809.2008.00440.x 8188: 8139: 8127: 8094: 8045: 8020: 7971: 7828: 7763: 7651: 7586: 7526: 7466: 7409: 7375: 7309: 7192: 7140:Quiles, Carlos (2 August 2020). 7133: 7082: 6824:, in: Michael Mandelbaum (ed.), 5062:10.31901/24566330.2019/19.01.709 5043:Gurkan, Cemal (8 January 2019). 4998: 4702:György Balázs, Károly Szelényi, 4569:Discrimination in the EU in 2012 4199:. portfolio.hu. 16 February 2020 3876: 3847: 3827: 3811: 3796: 3774: 3759: 3740: 3724: 3715: 3706: 3697: 3688: 3679: 3670: 3661: 3652: 3643: 3634: 3625: 3564: 3552: 3539: 3523: 3503: 3451: 3424: 3409: 3394: 3379: 3364: 3349: 3334: 3022: 3007:, as well as lower frequency of 2541:, a continuous migration of the 1895:, a continuous migration of the 1071: 927: 907: 887: 867: 847: 827: 788: 768: 748: 728: 708: 669: 649: 629: 590: 570: 550: 530: 510: 490: 470: 450: 430: 410: 390: 371: 352: 332: 312: 292: 272: 253: 235: 217: 198: 179: 161: 143: 125: 107: 66: 8197:Molecular Genetics and Genomics 7851:Molecular Genetics and Genomics 6900:Veronika Gulyas (26 May 2010). 6893: 6881: 6839: 6785: 6749: 6547: 6520: 6473: 6464: 6423: 6406: 6372: 6343: 6314: 6104: 6098:Institute of Hungarian Research 6023: 5965: 5752: 5660: 5307: 5291: 5234:: Parragon Books. p. 342. 5167: 5145: 4907: 4892: 4881: 4856: 4777:, stretches west as far as the 4735: 4722: 4709: 4696: 4683: 4630: 4605: 4542: 4516: 4488: 4470: 4455: 4438: 4422: 4403: 4382: 4364: 4338: 4287: 4278: 3402:Hungarians in the United States 3357:Hungarians in Vojvodina, Serbia 2730:lineage maximized among modern 1977:are the descendants of Attila. 1248:, and therefore constitute the 8103:University of California Press 4773:(c. AD 950), "Patzinakia, the 4211: 4189: 4171: 4153: 4130: 4112: 4078: 3822:, the mythical bird of Hungary 3434:(according to the 2021 census) 3419:(according to the 2011 census) 3404:(according to the 2018 census) 3389:(according to the 2001 census) 3374:(according to the 2011 census) 3359:(according to the 2002 census) 3344:(according to the 2021 census) 3326:Maps of the Hungarian diaspora 2651:, they became founders of the 2455:on whether to grant Hungarian 2051:, some Hungarians crossed the 1927:, they became founders of the 1796:The Hungarians arrived in the 1396:) was used by the scholar and 1: 8662:Hungarian Academy of Sciences 6714:. Federal Research Division, 6555:"History of Hungary, 895–970" 6352:Levédiától a Kárpát-medencéig 5620:Szabados, György (May 2022). 5297:Peter F. Sugar, Péter Hanák, 5271:. Federal Research Division, 4955:Török, Tibor (26 June 2023). 3999: 3834:Welcome sign in Latin and in 3532:Hungarian Academy of Sciences 3245: 3241: 2972:districts of the Republic of 2123:Hungarian invasions of Europe 2017:The Hungarian military events 1502:, and were influenced by the 1445:The historical Latin phrase " 52: 8989:Principality of Transylvania 8612:A Concise History of Hungary 8305:10.1016/j.fsigen.2014.11.007 8165:10.1016/j.fsigss.2019.10.106 7930:10.1371/journal.pone.0205920 6853:, Szeged, 1989, pp. 155–156) 6834:Council on Foreign Relations 6741:. bergen.org. Archived from 6739:"Peaks/waves of immigration" 6350:Tóth, Sándor László (1998). 6289:10.1371/journal.pone.0205920 4829:Henry Hoyle Howorth (2008). 4783:Eastern Carpathian Mountains 4016:Vukovich, Gabriella (2018). 3471:Talk:History of Transylvania 2673:Hungarian medieval chronicle 2396:For historical reasons (see 2116: 1952:Gesta Hunnorum et Hungarorum 1811:asserted their influence in 1723:, the territory between the 1474:, the range of the original 1360:in 862, and "Ungari" by the 7: 9024:Interwar Kingdom of Hungary 8859:(inactive 27 August 2024). 8066:(inactive 27 August 2024). 7776:Evolutionary Human Sciences 7422:Evolutionary Human Sciences 6683:"5. The Eighteenth Century" 6529:"The Hungarians of Hungary" 6331:. Translated by Martyn Rady 5341:Szőke, Béla Miklós (2014). 4332:Kőrösi Csoma Sándor program 4091:Minority policy in Slovakia 3869: 3271: 2838:Seima-Turbino cultural area 2728:Ancient Northern East Asian 1168:, alongside, most notably, 10: 10296: 10270:Ethnic groups in Vojvodina 8728:10.1038/s41598-019-53105-5 8618:Cambridge University Press 8578:10.1007/s00439-020-02209-4 8547: 8455:10.1038/s41586-021-04052-7 8374:"R-SUR51 Y-DNA Haplogroup" 7619:10.1038/s41598-019-44272-6 7493:10.1016/j.cell.2020.10.015 7388:Migracijske i etničke teme 7107:10.1007/s00439-020-02209-4 6764:. Simon Publications LLC. 6578:Royal Geographical Society 6225:10.1038/s41598-019-53105-5 5999:10.1038/s41598-019-53105-5 5693:10.1038/s41598-021-98796-x 5472:10.1038/s41598-021-98796-x 5195:. Routledge. p. 210. 5122:10.1007/s12520-019-00996-0 4835:. Cosimo, Inc. p. 3. 3861:(Székelykeve), Vojvodina, 3600: 3596: 3275: 3220:Central and Eastern Europe 2554:culture spread across the 2470: 2120: 2109:, who comprise 40% of the 2088:South-Moravian Carpathians 1770: 1587: 1456: 1306: 18: 10260:Ethnic groups in Slovenia 10255:Ethnic groups in Slovakia 10230:History of the Hungarians 10155: 10127: 10104: 10067: 9992: 9934: 9807: 9730: 9567: 9486:Universities and colleges 9460: 9451: 9357: 9348: 9234: 9225: 9140: 9131: 9057: 8949: 8940: 8857:10.1017/S0003480000008010 8414:10.1101/2022.01.19.476915 8341:10.1038/s41431-020-0683-z 8209:10.1007/s00438-017-1319-z 8063:10.1515/9789633865699-005 7978:Wong, Emily H.M. (2015). 7863:10.1007/s00438-016-1267-z 7770:Bjørn, Rasmus G. (2022). 7730:10.1186/s12863-017-0578-3 7658:Wong, Emily H.M. (2015). 7553:10.1186/s13059-018-1522-1 7344:10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.062 7226:10.1016/j.cub.2022.11.036 7178:10.1016/j.jgg.2022.06.008 7032:György, Szabados (1998). 6972:10.1016/j.cub.2022.05.058 6792:Bugajski, Janusz (1995). 6679:Macartney, Carlile Aylmer 6050:10.1186/s12863-017-0578-3 5943:10.1016/j.cub.2022.04.093 5622:"Álmostól Szent Istvánig" 5422:Szabados, György (2018). 5380:Szabados, György (2016). 5174:Róna-Tas, András (1999). 4899:Róna-Tas, András (1999). 4141:(in Serbian). Euronews.rs 3181: 3173: 3168: 3158: 3153: 3139: 3134: 3124: 3119: 3109: 3104: 3094: 3089: 3081: 3076: 3068: 3064: 3060: 3055: 2521:farmers originating from 2473:Genetic history of Europe 1461: 1393: 1344:steppes of Eastern Europe 1050: 1035: 1027: 1019: 965: 960: 953: 948: 924: 904: 884: 864: 844: 824: 820: 813: 809: 785: 765: 745: 725: 705: 701: 694: 690: 666: 646: 626: 622: 615: 611: 587: 567: 547: 527: 507: 487: 467: 447: 427: 407: 387: 369: 349: 329: 309: 289: 269: 251: 233: 215: 195: 177: 159: 141: 123: 105: 101: 94: 90: 83: 64: 59: 51: 46: 40: 39: 10265:Ethnic groups in Ukraine 10245:Ethnic groups in Romania 10240:Ethnic groups in Austria 10235:Ethnic groups in Hungary 9465:Anti-Hungarian sentiment 9145:Administrative divisions 8845:Annals of Human Genetics 8656:) – Zsolt Bottlik (PhD, 8241:Annals of Human Genetics 6820:Kovrig, Bennett (2000), 6711:A Country Study: Hungary 6687:Hungary; A short history 6480:Piotr Eberhardt (2003). 6117:Human Molecular Genetics 5833:"A magyarság származása" 5269:A Country Study: Hungary 5192:Archaeology and Language 4919:www.hungarianhistory.com 4770:De Administrando Imperio 3993:Romani people in Hungary 3769:women's national costume 3734:Folklore and communities 2748:Ancient Northeast Asians 2511:Western Hunter-Gatherers 2387:"baby boom" of the 1950s 1408:De Administrando Imperio 10250:Ethnic groups in Serbia 9373:Hungarian National Bank 9004:Austro-Hungarian Empire 8608:Molnar, Miklos (2001). 6906:The Wall Street Journal 6756:Kocsis, Károly (1998). 6613:"History of Population" 6513:Encyclopædia Britannica 6379:Peter F. Sugar (1994). 5550:Révész, László (2014). 4124:Statistisches Bundesamt 3898:Demographics of Hungary 3442: 3056:Word roots in Hungarian 2844:populations tested the 2302:19th century to present 2092:Principality of Moravia 1915:, who arrived from the 1865:Hungarian county system 1755:, but also against the 1749:Eastern Frankish Empire 1494:, east of the southern 1302: 9529:International rankings 9404:Science and technology 9284:Chief of General Staff 8979:Ottoman–Hungarian wars 8819:22 August 2013 at the 8675:Lendvai, Paul (2003). 6869:. origo. 14 April 2005 6438:] (in Hungarian). 6430:Csorba, Csaba (1997). 4478:"Hungarians in Brazil" 4466:. www12.statcan.gc.ca. 4225:. 2003. Archived from 4179:"Hungarians of France" 4161:"Hungarians in France" 3372:Hungarians in Slovakia 3318: 2760:Western Steppe Herders 2712:Uralic language family 2498: 2482: 2351: 2339: 2298: 2290: 2238: 2132: 2073:battle of Southern Buh 2008: 1907:The foundation of the 1887:, who are regarded as 1793: 1633:, known as Bashkiria ( 1585: 1406: 1257: 1166:Uralic language family 1141: 1117: 498:Bosnia and Herzegovina 8974:Late Medieval Kingdom 8969:High Medieval Kingdom 8654:University of Miskolc 8111:10.1525/9780520310773 7996:10.1101/gr.202945.115 7676:10.1101/gr.202945.115 6442:: Kulturtrade kiadó. 5877:10.3390/genes12030460 5729:Bóna, István (2001). 5432:] (in Hungarian). 4974:10.3390/genes14071345 4706:, Corvina, 1989, p. 8 4577:Special Eurobarometer 4484:on 22 September 2007. 3749:Southern Transdanubia 3432:Hungarians in Germany 3417:Hungarians of Croatia 3387:Hungarians in Ukraine 3342:Hungarians in Romania 3285: 2933:Great Hungarian Plain 2597:Pontic-Caspian steppe 2556:Great Hungarian Plain 2488: 2480: 2345: 2337: 2312:Great Hungarian Plain 2296: 2288: 2236: 2191:continued until 970. 2130: 2111:Hungarians in Romania 2065:Bulgaro-Byzantine war 1988: 1941:Hungarian royal court 1843:rebelled against the 1803:After the end of the 1784: 1625:4th century to c. 830 1583: 1565:Hungarian pre-history 1307:Further information: 1148:) who share a common 9718:World Heritage Sites 9590:Palaces and mansions 8954:Hungarian prehistory 8784:, but not under the 8528:dailynewshungary.com 8494:A nyelv és a nyelvek 7711:(28 December 2017). 7077:Maenchen-Helfen 1973 6382:A History of Hungary 6031:(28 December 2017). 5929:(13): 2858–2870.e7. 5157:Przemysław Urbańczyk 4659:A History of Hungary 3943:Székelys of Bukovina 3836:Old Hungarian script 3767:Vojvodina Hungarians 3216:Transylvanian Saxons 3000:, date: 427-422 BC. 2912:Paternal haplogroups 2900:. In modern Europe, 2681:Hungarian conquerors 2605:Hungarian conquerors 2603:is connected to the 2573:Hungarian conquerors 2279:Southern Great Plain 1913:Hungarian conquerors 1911:is connected to the 1841:Rastislav of Moravia 1830:Hungarian conquerors 1757:Balaton principality 1590:Hungarian prehistory 1523:Hungarian landtaking 1348:Carpathian Mountains 8814:Facts about Hungary 8720:2019NatSR...916569N 8658:Budapest University 8447:2021Natur.599..256Z 7911:2018PLoSO..1305920N 7788:10.1017/ehs.2022.16 7611:2019NatSR...9.7786P 7434:10.1017/ehs.2020.18 7335:2023CBio...33E.423W 7277:10.18699/VJGB-23-07 7217:2023CBio...33E.174P 6963:2022CBio...32.R738S 6716:Library of Congress 6436:The people of Árpád 6280:2018PLoSO..1305920N 6217:2019NatSR...916569N 6129:10.1093/hmg/ddac106 5991:2019NatSR...916569N 5935:2022CBio...32E2858M 5809:on 21 December 2023 5685:2021NatSR..1119210W 5464:2021NatSR..1119210W 5273:Library of Congress 5113:2020ArAnS..12...31F 4728:Z. J. Kosztolnyik, 4639:, s. v. "Ugrian": " 4582:European Commission 4512:on 3 February 2016. 4274:. 10 February 2014. 4272:migrationpolicy.org 4229:on 31 October 2004. 4167:on 4 February 2007. 3978:Hungarian Americans 3958:Hungarian mythology 3210:(more specifically 2744:Seima-Turbino route 2617:Mezhovskaya culture 2245:Early modern period 2187:, but raids on the 2149:Arnulf of Carinthia 2141:Battle of Pressburg 2059:. The tribe called 1966:Chronica Hungarorum 1667:(Proto-Bulgarians, 1513:, as well as later 1500:Mezhovskaya culture 1354:in 837, "Ungri" by 36: 9668:Hungarian language 9519:Hungarian diaspora 9419:Telecommunications 9044:Revolution of 1956 8999:Revolution of 1848 8703:Scientific Reports 8134:Keyser et al. 2020 7599:Scientific Reports 7211:(1): 174–182.e10. 6689:. University Press 6535:on 27 October 2009 6205:Scientific Reports 6100:. 12 October 2022. 5979:Scientific Reports 5673:Scientific Reports 5452:Scientific Reports 5279:on 29 October 2004 4591:on 2 December 2012 4530:on 5 December 2023 4397:kulhonimagyarok.hu 3903:List of Hungarians 3603:Culture of Hungary 3319: 3278:Hungarian diaspora 2996:population of the 2881:Scientific Reports 2834:Afanasievo culture 2708:Hungarian language 2627:together with the 2515:Paleolithic Europe 2499: 2483: 2364:revolution in 1956 2352: 2340: 2325:Kingdom of Hungary 2299: 2291: 2239: 2212:Kingdom of Hungary 2181:Battle of Lechfeld 2133: 1861:Carolingian Empire 1794: 1586: 1576:Pre-4th century AD 1451:Kingdom of Hungary 1357:Annales Bertiniani 1250:Hungarian diaspora 1146:Kingdom of Hungary 1122:[ˈmɒɟɒrok] 34: 19:For the film, see 10212: 10211: 10013:Northwestern Mari 9799:Peoples speaking 9766: 9765: 9726: 9725: 9509:Human trafficking 9447: 9446: 9344: 9343: 9308:Political parties 9254:Foreign relations 9221: 9220: 9127: 9126: 9039:People's Republic 9019:Treaty of Trianon 8627:978-0-521-66736-4 8441:(7884): 256–261. 8281:Semino 2000 et al 8073:978-963-386-569-9 8038:978-1-86064-061-2 7834:Endre Neparacki, 7329:(3): 423–433.e5. 7018:978-615-6117-65-6 6836:Press, pp. 19–80. 6807:978-1-56324-283-0 6771:978-1-931313-75-9 6664:978-963-9545-48-9 6631:978-963-9545-64-9 6596:978-963-352-002-4 6493:978-0-7656-0665-5 6449:978-963-9069-20-6 6392:978-0-253-20867-5 6179:978-615-6117-65-6 6123:(19): 3266–3280. 5858:(23 March 2021). 5799:978-615-6178-37-4 5599:978-963-327-515-3 5527:978-963-227-755-4 5403:978-615-5209-56-7 5357:978-615-5209-17-8 5202:978-0-415-11761-6 4842:978-1-60520-134-4 4808:978-3-447-04146-1 4755:978-0-88402-021-9 4669:978-0-253-20867-5 4416:joshuaproject.net 4410:Project, Joshua. 4037:978-963-235-542-9 3988:Hungarian culture 3983:Hungarian cuisine 3499: 3498: 3491: 3298: + 1,000,000 3212:Hungarian Germans 3186: 3185: 3017:Haplogroup Q-M242 3009:Haplogroup C-M217 3005:Haplogroup N-M231 2939:descendants from 2398:Treaty of Trianon 2356:Treaty of Trianon 2348:Treaty of Trianon 2220:Iberian Peninsula 2071:won the decisive 1969:claimed that the 1619:Andronovo culture 1558:Hungarian culture 1424:The obscure name 1368:Early Middle Ages 1352:Georgius Monachus 1182:Treaty of Trianon 1060: 1059: 1015: 1014: 1002:Greek Catholicism 998:Eastern Orthodoxy 972:Roman Catholicism 944: 943: 815:Rest of the world 805: 804: 686: 685: 607: 606: 79:11,425,000 (2022) 10287: 10225:Hungarian people 10204: 9801:Uralic languages 9793: 9786: 9779: 9770: 9769: 9746: 9739: 9637: 9630: 9623: 9616: 9592: 9585: 9488: 9458: 9457: 9395: 9375: 9355: 9354: 9334: 9320: 9232: 9231: 9197: 9190: 9183: 9155:Cities and towns 9138: 9137: 8984:Habsburg Kingdom 8947: 8946: 8923: 8916: 8909: 8900: 8899: 8895: 8882: 8876: 8868: 8851:(Pt 2): 145–59. 8765: 8758:Gesta Hungarorum 8749: 8739: 8692: 8631: 8615: 8604: 8602: 8600: 8541: 8538: 8532: 8531: 8520: 8514: 8511: 8505: 8491: 8485: 8484: 8474: 8425: 8419: 8418: 8416: 8403: 8394: 8388: 8382: 8381: 8370: 8364: 8363: 8353: 8343: 8323: 8317: 8316: 8288: 8282: 8279: 8273: 8272: 8235: 8229: 8228: 8192: 8186: 8185: 8167: 8143: 8137: 8131: 8125: 8124: 8098: 8092: 8091: 8085: 8077: 8065: 8054:Gesta Hungarorum 8049: 8043: 8042: 8024: 8018: 8017: 8007: 7975: 7969: 7968: 7950: 7932: 7922: 7889: 7883: 7882: 7845: 7839: 7832: 7826: 7825: 7807: 7767: 7761: 7760: 7750: 7732: 7707: 7698: 7697: 7687: 7655: 7649: 7648: 7638: 7590: 7584: 7583: 7573: 7555: 7530: 7524: 7523: 7513: 7495: 7470: 7464: 7463: 7453: 7413: 7407: 7406: 7379: 7373: 7372: 7346: 7313: 7307: 7306: 7296: 7256: 7247: 7246: 7228: 7196: 7190: 7189: 7156: 7150: 7149: 7146:Indo-European.eu 7137: 7131: 7130: 7086: 7080: 7067:, p. xliv; 7062: 7056: 7055: 7029: 7023: 7022: 7010: 6999: 6993: 6992: 6974: 6940: 6934: 6933: 6921: 6910: 6909: 6897: 6891: 6885: 6879: 6878: 6876: 6874: 6863: 6854: 6843: 6837: 6818: 6812: 6811: 6799: 6789: 6783: 6782: 6780: 6778: 6753: 6747: 6746: 6745:on 16 June 1997. 6734: 6728: 6727: 6725: 6723: 6705: 6699: 6698: 6696: 6694: 6675: 6669: 6668: 6656: 6645: 6636: 6635: 6617: 6608: 6599: 6573: 6567: 6566: 6564: 6562: 6551: 6545: 6544: 6542: 6540: 6531:. Archived from 6524: 6518: 6517: 6508:"Szekler people" 6504: 6498: 6497: 6477: 6471: 6468: 6462: 6461: 6427: 6421: 6420: 6416:Chronicon Pictum 6410: 6404: 6403: 6401: 6399: 6376: 6370: 6369: 6347: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6336: 6330: 6324:Gesta Hungarorum 6318: 6312: 6311: 6301: 6291: 6274:(10): e0205920. 6258: 6247: 6246: 6236: 6195: 6184: 6183: 6171: 6160: 6151: 6150: 6140: 6108: 6102: 6101: 6090: 6081: 6080: 6070: 6052: 6043:(Suppl 1): 110. 6027: 6021: 6020: 6010: 5973:November 2019). 5969: 5963: 5962: 5913: 5900: 5899: 5889: 5879: 5854: 5845: 5844: 5838: 5828: 5819: 5818: 5816: 5814: 5808: 5802:. Archived from 5791: 5776: 5763: 5758:Kosáry Domokos, 5756: 5750: 5749: 5726: 5715: 5714: 5704: 5664: 5658: 5657: 5645: 5630: 5629: 5617: 5604: 5603: 5591: 5580: 5571: 5570: 5558: 5547: 5532: 5531: 5519: 5503: 5494: 5493: 5483: 5443: 5434: 5433: 5419: 5408: 5407: 5387: 5377: 5362: 5361: 5349: 5338: 5327: 5326: 5324: 5322: 5317:. Thenagain.info 5311: 5305: 5295: 5289: 5288: 5286: 5284: 5275:. Archived from 5261: 5246: 5245: 5220: 5214: 5213: 5211: 5209: 5186: 5180: 5179: 5171: 5165: 5164: 5149: 5143: 5142: 5124: 5092: 5075: 5074: 5064: 5040: 5029: 5028: 5026: 5015: 5009: 5002: 4996: 4986: 4976: 4952: 4923: 4922: 4911: 4905: 4904: 4896: 4890: 4885: 4879: 4878: 4860: 4854: 4853: 4851: 4849: 4826: 4820: 4819: 4817: 4815: 4792: 4786: 4766: 4764: 4762: 4739: 4733: 4726: 4720: 4713: 4707: 4700: 4694: 4689:Edward Luttwak, 4687: 4681: 4680: 4678: 4676: 4653: 4644: 4634: 4628: 4627: 4625: 4623: 4609: 4603: 4600: 4598: 4596: 4590: 4573: 4565: 4559: 4558: 4546: 4540: 4539: 4537: 4535: 4520: 4514: 4513: 4511: 4505:. Archived from 4500: 4492: 4486: 4485: 4480:. Archived from 4474: 4468: 4467: 4459: 4453: 4452: 4450: 4442: 4436: 4426: 4420: 4419: 4407: 4401: 4400: 4394: 4386: 4380: 4379: 4376:peoplegroups.org 4368: 4362: 4361: 4359: 4357: 4342: 4336: 4335: 4324: 4307: 4306: 4304: 4302: 4291: 4285: 4282: 4276: 4275: 4264: 4231: 4230: 4215: 4209: 4208: 4206: 4204: 4193: 4187: 4186: 4183:PeopleGroups.org 4175: 4169: 4168: 4163:. Archived from 4157: 4151: 4150: 4148: 4146: 4134: 4128: 4127: 4116: 4110: 4109: 4107: 4105: 4082: 4076: 4075: 4073: 4071: 4055: 4049: 4048: 4046: 4044: 4029: 4013: 3886: 3881: 3880: 3879: 3851: 3838:for the town of 3831: 3815: 3800: 3784:folk costume in 3778: 3763: 3744: 3728: 3719: 3710: 3701: 3692: 3683: 3674: 3665: 3656: 3647: 3638: 3629: 3589: 3583: 3577:Carpathian Basin 3568: 3556: 3543: 3527: 3507: 3494: 3487: 3483: 3480: 3474: 3455: 3454: 3447: 3428: 3413: 3398: 3383: 3368: 3353: 3338: 3315: 3309: 3303: 3297: 3291: 3247: 3243: 3053: 3052: 3047:Other influences 3041:Hun/Xiongnu-like 2756:Mongolic peoples 2593:Rouran Khaganate 2503:Carpathian Basin 2360:Second World War 2189:Balkan Peninsula 2057:Carpathian Basin 2055:and entered the 2012:Carpathian Basin 2006: 2003:Gesta Hungarorum 1983:Gesta Hungarorum 1956:Chronicon Pictum 1946:Gesta Hungarorum 1849:Hincmar of Reims 1798:Carpathian Basin 1790:Chronicon Pictum 1739:and the eastern 1711:c. 830 to c. 895 1608:Iranian speakers 1569:Carpathian basin 1554:Pannonian Steppe 1411: 1395: 1289:Western Moldavia 1258:magyar diaszpóra 1127:Central European 1124: 1108: 1103: 1102: 1099: 1098: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1086: 1083: 1080: 1077: 1065:, also known as 1017: 1016: 937: 933: 931: 930: 917: 913: 911: 910: 897: 893: 891: 890: 877: 873: 871: 870: 857: 853: 851: 850: 837: 833: 831: 830: 811: 810: 798: 794: 792: 791: 778: 774: 772: 771: 758: 754: 752: 751: 738: 734: 732: 731: 718: 714: 712: 711: 692: 691: 679: 675: 673: 672: 659: 655: 653: 652: 639: 635: 633: 632: 613: 612: 600: 596: 594: 593: 580: 576: 574: 573: 560: 556: 554: 553: 540: 536: 534: 533: 520: 516: 514: 513: 500: 496: 494: 493: 480: 476: 474: 473: 460: 456: 454: 453: 440: 436: 434: 433: 420: 416: 414: 413: 400: 396: 394: 393: 377: 375: 374: 362: 358: 356: 355: 342: 338: 336: 335: 322: 318: 316: 315: 302: 298: 296: 295: 282: 278: 276: 275: 259: 257: 256: 241: 239: 238: 223: 221: 220: 208: 204: 202: 201: 185: 183: 182: 167: 165: 164: 149: 147: 146: 131: 129: 128: 113: 111: 110: 92: 91: 84:Other countries 77:Carpathian Basin 71: 70: 54: 47:Total population 37: 33: 10295: 10294: 10290: 10289: 10288: 10286: 10285: 10284: 10215: 10214: 10213: 10208: 10198: 10151: 10123: 10100: 10063: 9988: 9930: 9803: 9797: 9767: 9762: 9749: 9742: 9735: 9722: 9633: 9626: 9619: 9612: 9588: 9581: 9563: 9549:Public holidays 9484: 9443: 9393: 9371: 9340: 9332: 9318: 9274:Law enforcement 9217: 9193: 9186: 9179: 9123: 9053: 9034:Second Republic 8936: 8927: 8893: 8870: 8869: 8832:Genetic studies 8821:Wayback Machine 8795: 8712:Nature Research 8689: 8628: 8598: 8596: 8550: 8545: 8544: 8539: 8535: 8522: 8521: 8517: 8512: 8508: 8492: 8488: 8426: 8422: 8404: 8397: 8389: 8385: 8372: 8371: 8367: 8324: 8320: 8289: 8285: 8280: 8276: 8236: 8232: 8193: 8189: 8144: 8140: 8132: 8128: 8121: 8099: 8095: 8079: 8078: 8074: 8051: 8050: 8046: 8039: 8025: 8021: 7984:Genome Research 7976: 7972: 7890: 7886: 7846: 7842: 7833: 7829: 7768: 7764: 7708: 7701: 7664:Genome Research 7656: 7652: 7591: 7587: 7531: 7527: 7471: 7467: 7414: 7410: 7390:(in Croatian). 7380: 7376: 7323:Current Biology 7314: 7310: 7257: 7250: 7205:Current Biology 7197: 7193: 7157: 7153: 7138: 7134: 7087: 7083: 7063: 7059: 7030: 7026: 7019: 7008: 7000: 6996: 6950:Current Biology 6941: 6937: 6922: 6913: 6898: 6894: 6886: 6882: 6872: 6870: 6865: 6864: 6857: 6844: 6840: 6819: 6815: 6808: 6790: 6786: 6776: 6774: 6772: 6754: 6750: 6735: 6731: 6721: 6719: 6707: 6706: 6702: 6692: 6690: 6676: 6672: 6665: 6654: 6646: 6639: 6632: 6615: 6609: 6602: 6582:Carthographia, 6574: 6570: 6560: 6558: 6553: 6552: 6548: 6538: 6536: 6527:Stephen Wyley. 6525: 6521: 6506: 6505: 6501: 6494: 6478: 6474: 6469: 6465: 6450: 6428: 6424: 6419:(in Hungarian). 6411: 6407: 6397: 6395: 6393: 6377: 6373: 6366: 6348: 6344: 6334: 6332: 6328: 6320: 6319: 6315: 6259: 6250: 6196: 6187: 6180: 6169: 6161: 6154: 6109: 6105: 6092: 6091: 6084: 6028: 6024: 5970: 5966: 5923:Current Biology 5914: 5903: 5855: 5848: 5843:(in Hungarian). 5836: 5829: 5822: 5812: 5810: 5806: 5800: 5789: 5778: 5777: 5766: 5757: 5753: 5746: 5727: 5718: 5665: 5661: 5656:(in Hungarian). 5646: 5633: 5628:(in Hungarian). 5618: 5607: 5600: 5589: 5581: 5574: 5567: 5556: 5548: 5535: 5528: 5517: 5504: 5497: 5444: 5437: 5420: 5411: 5404: 5385: 5378: 5365: 5358: 5347: 5339: 5330: 5320: 5318: 5313: 5312: 5308: 5296: 5292: 5282: 5280: 5265:"Early History" 5263: 5262: 5249: 5242: 5221: 5217: 5207: 5205: 5203: 5187: 5183: 5172: 5168: 5150: 5146: 5093: 5078: 5041: 5032: 5024: 5016: 5012: 4953: 4926: 4913: 4912: 4908: 4897: 4893: 4886: 4882: 4875: 4861: 4857: 4847: 4845: 4843: 4827: 4823: 4813: 4811: 4809: 4793: 4789: 4760: 4758: 4756: 4740: 4736: 4727: 4723: 4714: 4710: 4701: 4697: 4688: 4684: 4674: 4672: 4670: 4654: 4647: 4635: 4631: 4621: 4619: 4611: 4610: 4606: 4594: 4592: 4588: 4580:(Report). 383. 4571: 4567: 4566: 4562: 4547: 4543: 4533: 4531: 4522: 4521: 4517: 4509: 4498: 4494: 4493: 4489: 4476: 4475: 4471: 4460: 4456: 4448: 4444: 4443: 4439: 4435:. 2013. p. 264. 4427: 4423: 4408: 4404: 4392: 4388: 4387: 4383: 4370: 4369: 4365: 4355: 4353: 4344: 4343: 4339: 4326: 4325: 4310: 4300: 4298: 4293: 4292: 4288: 4283: 4279: 4266: 4265: 4234: 4217: 4216: 4212: 4202: 4200: 4195: 4194: 4190: 4177: 4176: 4172: 4159: 4158: 4154: 4144: 4142: 4135: 4131: 4118: 4117: 4113: 4103: 4101: 4083: 4079: 4069: 4067: 4056: 4052: 4042: 4040: 4038: 4027: 4014: 4007: 4002: 3997: 3963:Hunor and Magor 3933:Magyarab people 3928:Eastern Magyars 3913:Ugric languages 3882: 3877: 3875: 3872: 3865: 3852: 3843: 3832: 3823: 3816: 3807: 3801: 3792: 3779: 3770: 3764: 3755: 3745: 3736: 3729: 3720: 3711: 3702: 3693: 3684: 3675: 3666: 3657: 3648: 3639: 3630: 3621: 3605: 3599: 3592: 3591: 3587: 3585: 3581: 3573:Pannonian Basin 3569: 3560: 3557: 3548: 3547:mark Romanians. 3544: 3535: 3528: 3519: 3508: 3495: 3484: 3478: 3475: 3468: 3456: 3452: 3445: 3440: 3439: 3438: 3435: 3429: 3420: 3414: 3405: 3399: 3390: 3384: 3375: 3369: 3360: 3354: 3345: 3339: 3328: 3327: 3317: 3313: 3311: 3307: 3305: 3304: + 100,000 3301: 3299: 3295: 3293: 3289: 3287: 3280: 3274: 3188: 3187: 3179: 3166: 3151: 3132: 3117: 3102: 3087: 3074: 3049: 3025: 2957:and at 6.3% at 2914: 2886:Pannonian Basin 2792:Northern Europe 2776:Pazyryk culture 2724:Pazyryk culture 2710:belongs to the 2685:Hungarian royal 2613:Scytho-Siberian 2601:Hungarian state 2475: 2469: 2375:Romanianization 2304: 2247: 2145:Louis the Child 2125: 2119: 2078:From the upper 2007: 1996: 1909:Hungarian state 1869:Saint Stephen I 1839:In 862, Prince 1779: 1771:Main articles: 1769: 1713: 1647:Seversky Donets 1627: 1592: 1578: 1548:speakers), and 1542:Iranian peoples 1519:Pazyryk culture 1464: 1459: 1447:Natio Hungarica 1375:Hungarian tribe 1333:Western Siberia 1311: 1309:Name of Hungary 1305: 1106: 1074: 1070: 1045:Magyar jelnyelv 1043: 983: 928: 926: 908: 906: 888: 886: 868: 866: 848: 846: 828: 826: 816: 789: 787: 769: 767: 749: 747: 729: 727: 709: 707: 697: 670: 668: 650: 648: 630: 628: 618: 591: 589: 571: 569: 551: 549: 531: 529: 511: 509: 491: 489: 471: 469: 451: 449: 431: 429: 411: 409: 391: 389: 372: 370: 353: 351: 333: 331: 313: 311: 293: 291: 273: 271: 254: 252: 236: 234: 218: 216: 211:200,000–220,000 199: 197: 196: 191:200,000–250,000 180: 178: 162: 160: 144: 142: 126: 124: 108: 106: 97: 65: 42: 32: 27: 17: 12: 11: 5: 10293: 10283: 10282: 10277: 10272: 10267: 10262: 10257: 10252: 10247: 10242: 10237: 10232: 10227: 10210: 10209: 10207: 10206: 10193: 10187: 10182: 10177: 10172: 10167: 10161: 10159: 10153: 10152: 10150: 10149: 10144: 10139: 10133: 10131: 10125: 10124: 10122: 10121: 10116: 10110: 10108: 10102: 10101: 10099: 10098: 10097: 10096: 10086: 10085: 10084: 10073: 10071: 10065: 10064: 10062: 10061: 10053: 10045: 10037: 10036: 10035: 10030: 10020: 10019: 10018: 10015: 10010: 10007: 9998: 9996: 9990: 9989: 9987: 9986: 9981: 9976: 9971: 9966: 9961: 9956: 9951: 9946: 9940: 9938: 9932: 9931: 9929: 9928: 9927: 9926: 9922:Volkhov Chudes 9910: 9909: 9908: 9895: 9890: 9883: 9882: 9881: 9879:Tver Karelians 9871: 9866: 9865: 9864: 9859: 9854: 9849: 9839: 9838: 9837: 9832: 9822: 9813: 9811: 9805: 9804: 9796: 9795: 9788: 9781: 9773: 9764: 9763: 9761: 9760: 9755: 9748: 9747: 9740: 9732: 9731: 9728: 9727: 9724: 9723: 9721: 9720: 9715: 9710: 9705: 9700: 9695: 9690: 9685: 9680: 9675: 9670: 9665: 9660: 9655: 9650: 9645: 9640: 9639: 9638: 9631: 9624: 9617: 9605: 9600: 9595: 9594: 9593: 9586: 9573: 9571: 9565: 9564: 9562: 9561: 9556: 9551: 9546: 9541: 9536: 9531: 9526: 9521: 9516: 9511: 9506: 9501: 9496: 9491: 9490: 9489: 9477: 9472: 9467: 9461: 9455: 9449: 9448: 9445: 9444: 9442: 9441: 9436: 9431: 9426: 9421: 9416: 9411: 9409:Stock exchange 9406: 9401: 9396: 9388: 9383: 9378: 9377: 9376: 9364: 9358: 9352: 9346: 9345: 9342: 9341: 9339: 9338: 9337: 9336: 9327:Prime Minister 9324: 9323: 9322: 9310: 9305: 9304: 9303: 9293: 9288: 9287: 9286: 9276: 9271: 9266: 9261: 9256: 9251: 9246: 9241: 9235: 9229: 9223: 9222: 9219: 9218: 9216: 9215: 9210: 9208:National parks 9205: 9200: 9199: 9198: 9191: 9184: 9172: 9167: 9165:Extreme points 9162: 9157: 9152: 9147: 9141: 9135: 9129: 9128: 9125: 9124: 9122: 9121: 9116: 9111: 9106: 9105: 9104: 9099: 9094: 9084: 9079: 9074: 9069: 9064: 9058: 9055: 9054: 9052: 9051: 9049:Third Republic 9046: 9041: 9036: 9031: 9026: 9021: 9016: 9014:First Republic 9011: 9006: 9001: 8996: 8991: 8986: 8981: 8976: 8971: 8966: 8961: 8956: 8950: 8944: 8938: 8937: 8926: 8925: 8918: 8911: 8903: 8897: 8896: 8894:(in Hungarian) 8888: 8883: 8840: 8829: 8828: 8823: 8811: 8806: 8801: 8794: 8793:External links 8791: 8767: 8766: 8750: 8693: 8687: 8672: 8643: 8632: 8626: 8605: 8561:Human Genetics 8549: 8546: 8543: 8542: 8533: 8515: 8506: 8486: 8420: 8395: 8383: 8365: 8334:(1): 164–172. 8318: 8283: 8274: 8247:(4): 519–534. 8230: 8203:(4): 883–894. 8187: 8158:(1): 602–603. 8138: 8126: 8119: 8093: 8072: 8044: 8037: 8019: 7970: 7920:10.1101/250688 7884: 7857:(1): 201–214. 7840: 7827: 7762: 7699: 7650: 7585: 7540:Genome Biology 7525: 7486:(4): 890–904. 7465: 7408: 7374: 7308: 7248: 7191: 7151: 7132: 7101:(2): 349–359. 7095:Human Genetics 7081: 7079:, p. 386. 7057: 7024: 7017: 6994: 6935: 6911: 6892: 6880: 6855: 6838: 6813: 6806: 6784: 6770: 6758:"Introduction" 6748: 6729: 6700: 6670: 6663: 6637: 6630: 6600: 6568: 6546: 6519: 6499: 6492: 6472: 6463: 6448: 6422: 6405: 6391: 6371: 6364: 6342: 6313: 6248: 6185: 6178: 6152: 6103: 6082: 6022: 5964: 5901: 5846: 5820: 5798: 5764: 5751: 5744: 5716: 5659: 5631: 5605: 5598: 5572: 5565: 5533: 5526: 5495: 5435: 5409: 5402: 5363: 5356: 5328: 5306: 5290: 5247: 5240: 5232:Bath, Somerset 5215: 5201: 5181: 5166: 5144: 5076: 5030: 5010: 4924: 4906: 4903:. p. 273. 4891: 4880: 4873: 4855: 4841: 4821: 4807: 4787: 4775:Pecheneg realm 4754: 4734: 4721: 4715:Alan W. Ertl, 4708: 4695: 4682: 4668: 4645: 4629: 4604: 4560: 4541: 4515: 4503:www.ikl.org.pl 4487: 4469: 4454: 4437: 4421: 4402: 4381: 4363: 4337: 4334:. 3 July 2015. 4308: 4297:. CBS StatLine 4286: 4277: 4232: 4210: 4188: 4170: 4152: 4129: 4111: 4077: 4066:(in Hungarian) 4050: 4036: 4004: 4003: 4001: 3998: 3996: 3995: 3990: 3985: 3980: 3975: 3970: 3965: 3960: 3955: 3950: 3945: 3940: 3935: 3930: 3925: 3920: 3915: 3910: 3905: 3900: 3895: 3893:Central Europe 3889: 3888: 3887: 3884:Hungary portal 3871: 3868: 3867: 3866: 3857:folk dance in 3853: 3846: 3844: 3840:Vonyarcvashegy 3833: 3826: 3824: 3817: 3810: 3808: 3803:The Hungarian 3802: 3795: 3793: 3780: 3773: 3771: 3765: 3758: 3756: 3746: 3739: 3735: 3732: 3731: 3730: 3723: 3721: 3714: 3712: 3705: 3703: 3696: 3694: 3687: 3685: 3678: 3676: 3669: 3667: 3660: 3658: 3651: 3649: 3642: 3640: 3633: 3631: 3624: 3620: 3617: 3601:Main article: 3598: 3595: 3594: 3593: 3586: 3580: 3570: 3563: 3561: 3558: 3551: 3549: 3545: 3538: 3536: 3529: 3522: 3520: 3516:Emil Petrovici 3509: 3502: 3497: 3496: 3459: 3457: 3450: 3444: 3441: 3437: 3436: 3430: 3423: 3421: 3415: 3408: 3406: 3400: 3393: 3391: 3385: 3378: 3376: 3370: 3363: 3361: 3355: 3348: 3346: 3340: 3333: 3330: 3329: 3325: 3324: 3323: 3312: 3310: + 10,000 3306: 3300: 3294: 3288: 3276:Main article: 3273: 3270: 3256:in Serbia and 3250:Banat Swabians 3224:Zipser Germans 3184: 3183: 3180: 3177: 3175: 3171: 3170: 3167: 3164: 3162: 3156: 3155: 3152: 3149: 3147: 3137: 3136: 3133: 3130: 3128: 3122: 3121: 3118: 3115: 3113: 3107: 3106: 3103: 3100: 3098: 3092: 3091: 3088: 3085: 3083: 3079: 3078: 3075: 3072: 3070: 3066: 3065: 3063: 3061: 3058: 3057: 3051: 3050: 3048: 3045: 3037:Sarmatian-like 3024: 3021: 3013:Haplogroup R1a 2913: 2910: 2815:Ural Mountains 2788:Eastern Europe 2738:specimen from 2531:late Neolithic 2468: 2465: 2426:Transcarpathia 2320:Roman Catholic 2303: 2300: 2246: 2243: 2222:(contemporary 2185:Western Europe 2121:Main article: 2118: 2115: 1994: 1961:Buda Chronicle 1917:Pontic steppes 1902:Sargat culture 1853:Western Europe 1809:Eastern Franks 1807:(c. 822), the 1768: 1765: 1751:(Germany) and 1712: 1709: 1661:Saltov culture 1626: 1623: 1588:Main article: 1577: 1574: 1534:Turkic peoples 1480:Ural Mountains 1463: 1460: 1458: 1455: 1329:Ural Mountains 1304: 1301: 1277:Suceava County 1230:United Kingdom 1058: 1057: 1052: 1048: 1047: 1037: 1033: 1032: 1029: 1025: 1024: 1021: 1013: 1012: 963: 962: 958: 957: 951: 950: 946: 945: 942: 941: 938: 922: 921: 918: 902: 901: 898: 882: 881: 878: 862: 861: 858: 842: 841: 838: 822: 821: 818: 817: 814: 807: 806: 803: 802: 799: 783: 782: 779: 763: 762: 759: 743: 742: 739: 723: 722: 719: 703: 702: 699: 698: 695: 688: 687: 684: 683: 680: 664: 663: 660: 644: 643: 640: 624: 623: 620: 619: 616: 609: 608: 605: 604: 601: 585: 584: 581: 565: 564: 561: 545: 544: 541: 525: 524: 521: 505: 504: 501: 485: 484: 481: 465: 464: 461: 445: 444: 441: 425: 424: 421: 405: 404: 401: 385: 384: 381: 367: 366: 363: 347: 346: 343: 327: 326: 323: 320:Czech Republic 307: 306: 303: 287: 286: 283: 267: 266: 263: 249: 248: 245: 231: 230: 227: 213: 212: 209: 206:United Kingdom 193: 192: 189: 175: 174: 171: 157: 156: 153: 139: 138: 135: 121: 120: 117: 103: 102: 99: 98: 95: 88: 87: 85: 81: 80: 62: 61: 57: 56: 49: 48: 44: 43: 30: 15: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 10292: 10281: 10280:Ugric peoples 10278: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10256: 10253: 10251: 10248: 10246: 10243: 10241: 10238: 10236: 10233: 10231: 10228: 10226: 10223: 10222: 10220: 10202: 10197: 10194: 10191: 10188: 10186: 10183: 10181: 10178: 10176: 10173: 10171: 10168: 10166: 10163: 10162: 10160: 10158: 10154: 10148: 10145: 10143: 10140: 10138: 10135: 10134: 10132: 10130: 10126: 10120: 10117: 10115: 10112: 10111: 10109: 10107: 10103: 10095: 10092: 10091: 10090: 10087: 10083: 10080: 10079: 10078: 10075: 10074: 10072: 10070: 10066: 10059: 10058: 10054: 10051: 10050: 10046: 10043: 10042: 10038: 10034: 10031: 10029: 10026: 10025: 10024: 10021: 10016: 10014: 10011: 10008: 10005: 10004: 10003: 10000: 9999: 9997: 9995: 9991: 9985: 9982: 9980: 9977: 9975: 9974:Southern Sámi 9972: 9970: 9967: 9965: 9962: 9960: 9959:Northern Sámi 9957: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9941: 9939: 9937: 9933: 9924: 9923: 9919: 9918: 9916: 9915: 9911: 9906: 9905: 9901: 9900: 9899: 9896: 9894: 9891: 9889: 9888: 9884: 9880: 9877: 9876: 9875: 9872: 9870: 9867: 9863: 9860: 9858: 9855: 9853: 9852:Ingrian Finns 9850: 9848: 9845: 9844: 9843: 9840: 9836: 9833: 9831: 9828: 9827: 9826: 9823: 9820: 9819: 9815: 9814: 9812: 9810: 9806: 9802: 9794: 9789: 9787: 9782: 9780: 9775: 9774: 9771: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9750: 9745: 9741: 9738: 9734: 9733: 9729: 9719: 9716: 9714: 9711: 9709: 9706: 9704: 9701: 9699: 9696: 9694: 9691: 9689: 9686: 9684: 9681: 9679: 9676: 9674: 9671: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9659: 9656: 9654: 9651: 9649: 9646: 9644: 9641: 9636: 9632: 9629: 9625: 9622: 9618: 9615: 9611: 9610: 9609: 9606: 9604: 9601: 9599: 9596: 9591: 9587: 9584: 9580: 9579: 9578: 9575: 9574: 9572: 9570: 9566: 9560: 9557: 9555: 9552: 9550: 9547: 9545: 9542: 9540: 9537: 9535: 9532: 9530: 9527: 9525: 9522: 9520: 9517: 9515: 9512: 9510: 9507: 9505: 9502: 9500: 9497: 9495: 9494:Family policy 9492: 9487: 9483: 9482: 9481: 9478: 9476: 9473: 9471: 9468: 9466: 9463: 9462: 9459: 9456: 9454: 9450: 9440: 9437: 9435: 9432: 9430: 9427: 9425: 9422: 9420: 9417: 9415: 9412: 9410: 9407: 9405: 9402: 9400: 9397: 9392: 9389: 9387: 9384: 9382: 9379: 9374: 9370: 9369: 9368: 9365: 9363: 9360: 9359: 9356: 9353: 9351: 9347: 9335: 9330: 9329: 9328: 9325: 9321: 9316: 9315: 9314: 9311: 9309: 9306: 9302: 9299: 9298: 9297: 9294: 9292: 9289: 9285: 9282: 9281: 9280: 9277: 9275: 9272: 9270: 9267: 9265: 9262: 9260: 9257: 9255: 9252: 9250: 9247: 9245: 9242: 9240: 9237: 9236: 9233: 9230: 9228: 9224: 9214: 9211: 9209: 9206: 9204: 9201: 9196: 9192: 9189: 9185: 9182: 9178: 9177: 9176: 9173: 9171: 9168: 9166: 9163: 9161: 9158: 9156: 9153: 9151: 9148: 9146: 9143: 9142: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9130: 9120: 9117: 9115: 9112: 9110: 9107: 9103: 9100: 9098: 9095: 9093: 9090: 9089: 9088: 9085: 9083: 9082:Árpád dynasty 9080: 9078: 9075: 9073: 9070: 9068: 9065: 9063: 9060: 9059: 9056: 9050: 9047: 9045: 9042: 9040: 9037: 9035: 9032: 9030: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9020: 9017: 9015: 9012: 9010: 9007: 9005: 9002: 9000: 8997: 8995: 8994:Rákóczi's War 8992: 8990: 8987: 8985: 8982: 8980: 8977: 8975: 8972: 8970: 8967: 8965: 8962: 8960: 8957: 8955: 8952: 8951: 8948: 8945: 8943: 8939: 8935: 8931: 8924: 8919: 8917: 8912: 8910: 8905: 8904: 8901: 8892: 8889: 8887: 8884: 8880: 8874: 8866: 8862: 8858: 8854: 8850: 8846: 8841: 8839: 8836: 8835: 8834: 8833: 8827: 8824: 8822: 8818: 8815: 8812: 8810: 8807: 8805: 8802: 8800: 8797: 8796: 8790: 8789: 8787: 8783: 8778: 8775: 8773: 8763: 8759: 8755: 8751: 8747: 8743: 8738: 8733: 8729: 8725: 8721: 8717: 8713: 8709: 8705: 8704: 8699: 8694: 8690: 8688:9781400851522 8684: 8680: 8679: 8673: 8671: 8670:963-9545-10-4 8667: 8663: 8659: 8655: 8651: 8647: 8646:Károly Kocsis 8644: 8641: 8640:963-05-6722-9 8637: 8633: 8629: 8623: 8619: 8614: 8613: 8606: 8595: 8591: 8587: 8583: 8579: 8575: 8571: 8567: 8563: 8562: 8557: 8552: 8551: 8537: 8530:. 9 May 2017. 8529: 8525: 8519: 8510: 8503: 8502:963-05-7959-6 8499: 8495: 8490: 8482: 8478: 8473: 8468: 8464: 8460: 8456: 8452: 8448: 8444: 8440: 8436: 8432: 8424: 8415: 8410: 8402: 8400: 8393: 8387: 8379: 8375: 8369: 8361: 8357: 8352: 8347: 8342: 8337: 8333: 8329: 8322: 8314: 8310: 8306: 8302: 8298: 8294: 8287: 8278: 8270: 8266: 8262: 8258: 8254: 8250: 8246: 8242: 8234: 8226: 8222: 8218: 8214: 8210: 8206: 8202: 8198: 8191: 8183: 8179: 8175: 8171: 8166: 8161: 8157: 8153: 8149: 8142: 8135: 8130: 8122: 8120:9780520310773 8116: 8112: 8108: 8104: 8097: 8089: 8083: 8075: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8055: 8048: 8040: 8034: 8030: 8023: 8015: 8011: 8006: 8001: 7997: 7993: 7989: 7985: 7981: 7974: 7966: 7962: 7958: 7954: 7949: 7944: 7940: 7936: 7931: 7926: 7921: 7916: 7912: 7908: 7904: 7900: 7896: 7888: 7880: 7876: 7872: 7868: 7864: 7860: 7856: 7852: 7844: 7837: 7831: 7823: 7819: 7815: 7811: 7806: 7801: 7797: 7793: 7789: 7785: 7781: 7777: 7773: 7766: 7758: 7754: 7749: 7744: 7740: 7736: 7731: 7726: 7722: 7718: 7714: 7706: 7704: 7695: 7691: 7686: 7681: 7677: 7673: 7669: 7665: 7661: 7654: 7646: 7642: 7637: 7632: 7628: 7624: 7620: 7616: 7612: 7608: 7604: 7600: 7596: 7589: 7581: 7577: 7572: 7567: 7563: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7545: 7541: 7537: 7529: 7521: 7517: 7512: 7507: 7503: 7499: 7494: 7489: 7485: 7481: 7477: 7469: 7461: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7443: 7439: 7435: 7431: 7427: 7423: 7419: 7412: 7405: 7401: 7397: 7393: 7389: 7385: 7378: 7370: 7366: 7362: 7358: 7354: 7350: 7345: 7340: 7336: 7332: 7328: 7324: 7320: 7312: 7304: 7300: 7295: 7290: 7286: 7282: 7278: 7274: 7270: 7266: 7262: 7255: 7253: 7244: 7240: 7236: 7232: 7227: 7222: 7218: 7214: 7210: 7206: 7202: 7195: 7187: 7183: 7179: 7175: 7171: 7167: 7163: 7155: 7147: 7143: 7136: 7129: 7124: 7120: 7116: 7112: 7108: 7104: 7100: 7096: 7092: 7085: 7078: 7075:, p. 7; 7074: 7071:, p. 2; 7070: 7066: 7061: 7053: 7049: 7045: 7041: 7040: 7035: 7028: 7020: 7014: 7007: 7006: 6998: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6978: 6973: 6968: 6964: 6960: 6957:(13): 38–41. 6956: 6952: 6951: 6946: 6939: 6931: 6927: 6920: 6918: 6916: 6907: 6903: 6896: 6889: 6884: 6868: 6862: 6860: 6852: 6848: 6845:Raffay Ernő: 6842: 6835: 6831: 6830:New York City 6827: 6823: 6817: 6809: 6803: 6798: 6797: 6788: 6773: 6767: 6763: 6759: 6752: 6744: 6740: 6733: 6717: 6713: 6712: 6704: 6688: 6684: 6680: 6674: 6666: 6660: 6653: 6652: 6644: 6642: 6633: 6627: 6623: 6622: 6614: 6607: 6605: 6597: 6593: 6589: 6585: 6581: 6579: 6572: 6556: 6550: 6534: 6530: 6523: 6515: 6514: 6509: 6503: 6495: 6489: 6485: 6484: 6476: 6467: 6459: 6455: 6451: 6445: 6441: 6437: 6433: 6426: 6418: 6417: 6413:Kalti, Mark. 6409: 6394: 6388: 6384: 6383: 6375: 6367: 6365:963-482-175-8 6361: 6357: 6353: 6346: 6327: 6325: 6317: 6309: 6305: 6300: 6295: 6290: 6285: 6281: 6277: 6273: 6269: 6265: 6257: 6255: 6253: 6244: 6240: 6235: 6230: 6226: 6222: 6218: 6214: 6210: 6206: 6202: 6194: 6192: 6190: 6181: 6175: 6168: 6167: 6159: 6157: 6148: 6144: 6139: 6134: 6130: 6126: 6122: 6118: 6114: 6107: 6099: 6095: 6089: 6087: 6078: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6060: 6056: 6051: 6046: 6042: 6038: 6034: 6026: 6018: 6014: 6009: 6004: 6000: 5996: 5992: 5988: 5984: 5980: 5976: 5968: 5960: 5956: 5952: 5948: 5944: 5940: 5936: 5932: 5928: 5924: 5920: 5912: 5910: 5908: 5906: 5897: 5893: 5888: 5883: 5878: 5873: 5869: 5865: 5861: 5853: 5851: 5842: 5834: 5827: 5825: 5805: 5801: 5795: 5787: 5783: 5782: 5775: 5773: 5771: 5769: 5761: 5755: 5747: 5745:0-88033-479-7 5741: 5737: 5732: 5725: 5723: 5721: 5712: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5694: 5690: 5686: 5682: 5678: 5674: 5670: 5663: 5655: 5651: 5644: 5642: 5640: 5638: 5636: 5627: 5623: 5616: 5614: 5612: 5610: 5601: 5595: 5588: 5587: 5579: 5577: 5568: 5566:9786155209185 5562: 5555: 5554: 5546: 5544: 5542: 5540: 5538: 5529: 5523: 5515: 5511: 5510: 5502: 5500: 5491: 5487: 5482: 5477: 5473: 5469: 5465: 5461: 5457: 5453: 5449: 5442: 5440: 5431: 5427: 5426: 5418: 5416: 5414: 5405: 5399: 5395: 5391: 5383: 5376: 5374: 5372: 5370: 5368: 5359: 5353: 5346: 5345: 5337: 5335: 5333: 5316: 5310: 5304: 5300: 5294: 5278: 5274: 5270: 5266: 5260: 5258: 5256: 5254: 5252: 5243: 5241:0-75258-227-5 5237: 5233: 5229: 5228:World History 5225: 5224:Black, Jeremy 5219: 5204: 5198: 5194: 5193: 5185: 5178:. p. 96. 5177: 5170: 5162: 5158: 5154: 5148: 5140: 5136: 5132: 5128: 5123: 5118: 5114: 5110: 5106: 5102: 5098: 5091: 5089: 5087: 5085: 5083: 5081: 5072: 5068: 5063: 5058: 5054: 5050: 5046: 5039: 5037: 5035: 5023: 5022: 5014: 5008: 5006: 5001: 4994: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4966: 4962: 4958: 4951: 4949: 4947: 4945: 4943: 4941: 4939: 4937: 4935: 4933: 4931: 4929: 4920: 4916: 4910: 4902: 4895: 4889: 4884: 4876: 4870: 4866: 4859: 4844: 4838: 4834: 4833: 4825: 4810: 4804: 4800: 4799: 4791: 4784: 4781:(or even the 4780: 4776: 4772: 4771: 4757: 4751: 4747: 4746: 4738: 4731: 4725: 4718: 4712: 4705: 4699: 4692: 4686: 4671: 4665: 4661: 4660: 4652: 4650: 4642: 4638: 4633: 4618: 4614: 4608: 4602:1% threshold. 4587: 4583: 4579: 4578: 4570: 4564: 4556: 4552: 4545: 4529: 4525: 4519: 4508: 4504: 4497: 4491: 4483: 4479: 4473: 4465: 4458: 4447: 4446:"Sefstat2022" 4441: 4434: 4430: 4425: 4417: 4413: 4406: 4398: 4391: 4385: 4377: 4373: 4367: 4351: 4347: 4341: 4333: 4329: 4323: 4321: 4319: 4317: 4315: 4313: 4296: 4290: 4281: 4273: 4269: 4263: 4261: 4259: 4257: 4255: 4253: 4251: 4249: 4247: 4245: 4243: 4241: 4239: 4237: 4228: 4224: 4220: 4214: 4198: 4192: 4184: 4180: 4174: 4166: 4162: 4156: 4140: 4133: 4125: 4121: 4115: 4100: 4096: 4092: 4088: 4081: 4065: 4061: 4054: 4039: 4033: 4025: 4021: 4020: 4012: 4010: 4005: 3994: 3991: 3989: 3986: 3984: 3981: 3979: 3976: 3974: 3971: 3969: 3966: 3964: 3961: 3959: 3956: 3954: 3951: 3949: 3946: 3944: 3941: 3939: 3936: 3934: 3931: 3929: 3926: 3924: 3921: 3919: 3918:Khanty people 3916: 3914: 3911: 3909: 3906: 3904: 3901: 3899: 3896: 3894: 3891: 3890: 3885: 3874: 3864: 3860: 3856: 3850: 3845: 3841: 3837: 3830: 3825: 3821: 3814: 3809: 3806: 3799: 3794: 3791: 3787: 3783: 3777: 3772: 3768: 3762: 3757: 3754: 3750: 3743: 3738: 3737: 3727: 3722: 3718: 3713: 3709: 3704: 3700: 3695: 3691: 3686: 3682: 3677: 3673: 3668: 3664: 3659: 3655: 3650: 3646: 3641: 3637: 3632: 3628: 3623: 3622: 3616: 3614: 3610: 3609:Horse culture 3604: 3578: 3574: 3567: 3562: 3555: 3550: 3542: 3537: 3533: 3526: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3506: 3501: 3500: 3493: 3490: 3482: 3472: 3466: 3465: 3458: 3449: 3448: 3433: 3427: 3422: 3418: 3412: 3407: 3403: 3397: 3392: 3388: 3382: 3377: 3373: 3367: 3362: 3358: 3352: 3347: 3343: 3337: 3332: 3331: 3322: 3316: + 1,000 3292: Hungary 3284: 3279: 3269: 3267: 3263: 3259: 3255: 3251: 3239: 3235: 3233: 3229: 3225: 3221: 3217: 3213: 3209: 3205: 3201: 3197: 3193: 3176: 3172: 3163: 3161: 3157: 3148: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3129: 3127: 3123: 3114: 3112: 3108: 3099: 3097: 3093: 3084: 3080: 3071: 3067: 3062: 3059: 3054: 3044: 3042: 3038: 3034: 3029: 3023:Autosomal DNA 3020: 3018: 3014: 3010: 3006: 3001: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2987: 2986:Árpád dynasty 2983: 2979: 2975: 2974:Bashkortostan 2971: 2967: 2962: 2960: 2956: 2951: 2946: 2942: 2938: 2935:, (including 2934: 2929: 2927: 2921: 2917: 2909: 2907: 2903: 2899: 2895: 2891: 2887: 2883: 2882: 2877: 2873: 2869: 2865: 2861: 2859: 2855: 2851: 2847: 2841: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2830:Tarim mummies 2826: 2825: 2820: 2816: 2812: 2808: 2803: 2801: 2797: 2793: 2789: 2785: 2781: 2780:Baraba region 2777: 2773: 2769: 2765: 2761: 2757: 2753: 2749: 2745: 2741: 2737: 2733: 2729: 2725: 2721: 2717: 2713: 2709: 2704: 2702: 2698: 2694: 2690: 2686: 2682: 2678: 2674: 2670: 2666: 2662: 2658: 2657:Árpád dynasty 2654: 2653:Árpád dynasty 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2631:. During the 2630: 2626: 2622: 2618: 2614: 2610: 2606: 2602: 2598: 2594: 2590: 2586: 2582: 2578: 2574: 2570: 2566: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2544: 2540: 2536: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2512: 2508: 2504: 2496: 2492: 2487: 2479: 2474: 2464: 2462: 2461:voter turnout 2458: 2454: 2449: 2447: 2443: 2439: 2435: 2431: 2427: 2423: 2419: 2415: 2411: 2407: 2403: 2399: 2394: 2392: 2388: 2385:). After the 2384: 2380: 2376: 2372: 2371:Slovakization 2367: 2365: 2361: 2357: 2349: 2344: 2336: 2332: 2330: 2326: 2321: 2317: 2313: 2309: 2308:Magyarization 2295: 2287: 2283: 2280: 2276: 2272: 2266: 2264: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2242: 2235: 2231: 2229: 2225: 2221: 2217: 2213: 2209: 2205: 2201: 2197: 2192: 2190: 2186: 2182: 2178: 2174: 2170: 2166: 2162: 2158: 2154: 2150: 2146: 2142: 2138: 2129: 2124: 2114: 2112: 2108: 2104: 2100: 2095: 2093: 2089: 2085: 2081: 2076: 2074: 2070: 2066: 2062: 2058: 2054: 2050: 2045: 2043: 2039: 2035: 2031: 2027: 2023: 2018: 2013: 2005: 2004: 1999: 1993: 1992: 1987: 1985: 1984: 1978: 1976: 1972: 1971:Árpád dynasty 1968: 1967: 1962: 1959: 1957: 1953: 1948: 1947: 1942: 1938: 1934: 1933:Árpád dynasty 1930: 1929:Árpád dynasty 1926: 1922: 1918: 1914: 1910: 1905: 1903: 1898: 1894: 1890: 1886: 1882: 1878: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1850: 1846: 1842: 1837: 1835: 1831: 1827: 1822: 1818: 1814: 1810: 1806: 1805:Avar Kaganate 1801: 1799: 1791: 1787: 1783: 1778: 1774: 1764: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1753:Great Moravia 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1730: 1729:Dnieper River 1726: 1722: 1718: 1708: 1706: 1702: 1698: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1682: 1678: 1674: 1670: 1666: 1662: 1658: 1655: 1650: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1636: 1635:Bashkortostan 1632: 1622: 1620: 1617: 1613: 1609: 1605: 1601: 1597: 1591: 1582: 1573: 1570: 1566: 1561: 1559: 1555: 1551: 1547: 1543: 1539: 1535: 1531: 1526: 1524: 1520: 1516: 1512: 1508: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1493: 1489: 1485: 1484:Uralic family 1481: 1477: 1473: 1469: 1454: 1452: 1448: 1443: 1441: 1437: 1436: 1431: 1427: 1422: 1420: 1419:Turkic people 1416: 1412: 1410: 1409: 1402: 1399: 1391: 1387: 1383: 1378: 1376: 1371: 1369: 1365: 1364: 1359: 1358: 1353: 1349: 1345: 1341: 1338:Prior to the 1336: 1334: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1321: 1316: 1310: 1300: 1298: 1294: 1290: 1286: 1282: 1278: 1274: 1270: 1266: 1261: 1259: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1214:United States 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1183: 1177: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1163: 1159: 1155: 1151: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1135: 1131: 1128: 1123: 1119: 1115: 1111: 1110: 1101: 1068: 1064: 1056: 1053: 1049: 1046: 1041: 1038: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1011: 1007: 1003: 999: 995: 991: 987: 986:Protestantism 981: 977: 976:Protestantism 973: 969: 964: 959: 956: 952: 947: 939: 936: 923: 919: 916: 903: 899: 896: 883: 879: 876: 863: 859: 856: 843: 839: 836: 823: 819: 812: 808: 800: 797: 784: 780: 777: 764: 761:40,000–50,000 760: 757: 744: 740: 737: 724: 720: 717: 704: 700: 696:South America 693: 689: 681: 678: 665: 661: 658: 645: 641: 638: 637:United States 625: 621: 617:North America 614: 610: 602: 599: 586: 582: 579: 566: 562: 559: 546: 542: 539: 526: 522: 519: 506: 502: 499: 486: 482: 479: 466: 462: 459: 446: 442: 439: 426: 422: 419: 406: 402: 399: 386: 382: 380: 368: 364: 361: 348: 344: 341: 328: 324: 321: 308: 304: 301: 288: 284: 281: 268: 264: 262: 250: 246: 244: 232: 228: 226: 214: 210: 207: 194: 190: 188: 176: 172: 170: 158: 154: 152: 140: 136: 134: 122: 118: 116: 104: 100: 93: 89: 86: 82: 78: 74: 69: 63: 58: 50: 45: 38: 29: 25: 23: 10128: 10055: 10047: 10039: 10017:Eastern Mari 9920: 9912: 9902: 9885: 9862:Tornedalians 9847:Forest Finns 9816: 9809:Baltic Finns 9577:Architecture 9544:Prostitution 9513: 9475:Demographics 9439:Unemployment 9429:Trade unions 9264:Intelligence 9259:Human rights 9244:Constitution 9119:Coat of arms 9077:List of wars 9062:Christianity 9029:World War II 8964:Principality 8873:cite journal 8848: 8844: 8831: 8830: 8779: 8769: 8768: 8761: 8757: 8707: 8701: 8677: 8611: 8599:29 September 8597:. Retrieved 8565: 8559: 8536: 8527: 8518: 8509: 8493: 8489: 8438: 8434: 8423: 8386: 8377: 8368: 8331: 8327: 8321: 8296: 8292: 8286: 8277: 8244: 8240: 8233: 8200: 8196: 8190: 8155: 8151: 8141: 8129: 8102: 8096: 8053: 8047: 8028: 8022: 7987: 7983: 7973: 7902: 7898: 7887: 7854: 7850: 7843: 7830: 7779: 7775: 7765: 7720: 7717:BMC Genetics 7716: 7667: 7663: 7653: 7602: 7598: 7588: 7543: 7539: 7528: 7483: 7479: 7468: 7425: 7421: 7411: 7403: 7394:(1): 75–95. 7391: 7387: 7377: 7326: 7322: 7311: 7271:(1): 46–54. 7268: 7264: 7208: 7204: 7194: 7172:(1): 58–61. 7169: 7165: 7154: 7145: 7135: 7126: 7098: 7094: 7084: 7073:Lendvai 2003 7060: 7043: 7038: 7027: 7004: 6997: 6954: 6948: 6938: 6929: 6905: 6895: 6883: 6871:. Retrieved 6850: 6846: 6841: 6825: 6821: 6816: 6795: 6787: 6775:. Retrieved 6761: 6751: 6743:the original 6732: 6720:. Retrieved 6718:. p. 21 6710: 6703: 6691:. Retrieved 6686: 6673: 6650: 6620: 6575: 6571: 6559:. Retrieved 6549: 6537:. Retrieved 6533:the original 6522: 6511: 6502: 6482: 6475: 6466: 6435: 6431: 6425: 6415: 6408: 6396:. Retrieved 6381: 6374: 6355: 6351: 6345: 6333:. Retrieved 6323: 6316: 6271: 6267: 6211:(1): 16569. 6208: 6204: 6165: 6120: 6116: 6106: 6097: 6040: 6037:BMC Genetics 6036: 6025: 5985:(1): 16569. 5982: 5978: 5967: 5926: 5922: 5867: 5863: 5840: 5811:. Retrieved 5804:the original 5785: 5780: 5759: 5754: 5734: 5679:(1): 19210. 5676: 5672: 5662: 5653: 5625: 5585: 5552: 5513: 5508: 5458:(1): 19210. 5455: 5451: 5429: 5424: 5393: 5389: 5343: 5319:. Retrieved 5309: 5303:Google Books 5293: 5281:. Retrieved 5277:the original 5268: 5227: 5218: 5206:. Retrieved 5191: 5184: 5175: 5169: 5160: 5147: 5104: 5100: 5052: 5048: 5020: 5013: 4997: 4964: 4960: 4918: 4909: 4900: 4894: 4883: 4864: 4858: 4846:. Retrieved 4831: 4824: 4812:. Retrieved 4797: 4790: 4768: 4759:. Retrieved 4744: 4737: 4724: 4711: 4698: 4685: 4673:. Retrieved 4658: 4640: 4632: 4620:. Retrieved 4616: 4607: 4593:. Retrieved 4586:the original 4575: 4563: 4554: 4544: 4532:. Retrieved 4528:the original 4518: 4507:the original 4502: 4490: 4482:the original 4472: 4457: 4440: 4424: 4415: 4405: 4396: 4384: 4375: 4366: 4354:. Retrieved 4340: 4331: 4299:. Retrieved 4289: 4280: 4271: 4227:the original 4222: 4213: 4201:. Retrieved 4191: 4182: 4173: 4165:the original 4155: 4143:. Retrieved 4132: 4123: 4114: 4102:. Retrieved 4090: 4080: 4068:. Retrieved 4063: 4053: 4041:. Retrieved 4023: 4018: 3923:Mansi people 3786:Transylvania 3606: 3576: 3485: 3476: 3461: 3320: 3236: 3222:such as the 3189: 3030: 3026: 3002: 2970:Abzelilovsky 2963: 2930: 2926:Balto-Slavic 2922: 2918: 2915: 2894:R1b1a1b1a1a1 2879: 2862: 2846:Volga Tatars 2842: 2827: 2823: 2819:Karayakupovo 2804: 2796:Central Asia 2772:Volga Tatars 2705: 2647:and his son 2609:seven tribes 2583:people, and 2500: 2495:Mansi people 2450: 2406:Transylvania 2395: 2390: 2379:Transylvania 2368: 2353: 2305: 2267: 2248: 2240: 2208:Szent István 2207: 2200:Christianity 2193: 2139:army in the 2134: 2096: 2084:Transdanubia 2077: 2060: 2046: 2009: 2001: 1990: 1989: 1981: 1979: 1964: 1950: 1944: 1923:and his son 1906: 1881:Volga Tatars 1857:Vienna Basin 1838: 1821:Transylvania 1813:Transdanubia 1802: 1795: 1744: 1714: 1704: 1700: 1696: 1693:Kürt-Gyarmat 1692: 1688: 1684: 1680: 1677:seven tribes 1651: 1628: 1616:Indo-Iranian 1593: 1562: 1544:(especially 1536:(presumably 1527: 1476:Ugric people 1472:Ugric family 1468:ethnogenesis 1465: 1444: 1439: 1433: 1429: 1425: 1423: 1404: 1379: 1372: 1361: 1355: 1346:east of the 1337: 1318: 1312: 1269:Transylvania 1267:(in eastern 1262: 1178: 1142:Magyarország 1140:(Hungarian: 1134:ethnic group 1066: 1062: 1061: 1055:Magyarország 1040:Magyar nyelv 990:Unitarianism 968:Christianity 915:South Africa 277: 55:14.5 million 31:Ethnic group 28: 21: 10199: [ 10006:Meadow Mari 9994:Volga Finns 9949:Kildin Sámi 9693:Spa culture 9524:Irredentism 9362:Agriculture 9291:Nationality 9009:World War I 8754:Szűcs, Jenő 8572:: 369–373. 8299:: 121–126. 7990:(1): 1–14. 7670:(1): 1–14. 7605:(1): 7786. 5299:Tibor Frank 5153:Nora Berend 4967:(7): 1345. 4779:Siret River 4352:. July 2008 3938:Jász people 3579:). 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