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2676:
cannot be measured— It fills the cosmos and all space....With various techniques it teaches the living, sound like thunder, showering the rain of truth....All virtuous activities in the world come from the Buddha's light....In all atoms of all lands Buddha enters, each and every one, producing miracle displays for sentient beings: Such is the way of
Vairocana....In each atom are many oceans of worlds, their locations each different all beautifully pure. Thus does infinity enter into one, yet each unit's distinct, with no overlap....In each atom are innumerable lights pervading the lands of the ten directions, all showing the Buddhas’ enlightenment practices. The same in all oceans of worlds. In each atom the Buddhas of all times appear, according to inclinations; While their essential nature neither comes nor goes, by their own power they pervade the worlds.
3635:
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2328:(Huayan Lianshe 華嚴蓮社), which was founded in 1952 by the monk Zhiguang and his disciple Nanting, who were both part of the network fostered by the Huayan University. Since its founding, the Huayan Lotus Society has been centered on the study and practice of the Huayan Sutra. It hosts a full recitation of the sutra twice each year, during the third and tenth months of the lunar calendar. Each year during the eleventh lunar month, the society also hosts a seven-day Huayan Buddha retreat (Huayan foqi 華嚴佛七), during which participants chant the names of the buddhas and bodhisattvas in the text. The society emphasizes the study of the Huayan Sutra by hosting regular lectures on it. In recent decades, these lectures have occurred on a weekly basis.
1310:
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2585:
1971:
2290:
3393:
2090:
1071:
597:
3038:. This doctrine is described by Wei Daoru as the idea that "countless dharmas (all phenomena in the world) are representations of the wisdom of Buddha without exception" and that "they exist in a state of mutual dependence, interfusion and balance without any contradiction or conflict." According to the doctrine of interpenetration, any phenomenon exists only as part of the total nexus of reality, its existence depends on the total network of all other things, which are all equally connected to each other and contained in each other.
3612:
4067:
2193:
3718:
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that if one recites Cundi dharani and/or visualizes the dharani in its graphic form as an array of
Sanskrit letters or Chinese characters, and then imagines the goddess’s anthropomorphic bodily image emerging from the intoned and envisioned syllables of the spell, all the while performing the corresponding manual gestures (mudra), one will thereby both quicken and verify the truth of the doctrines, and one will do this not merely allegorically but also, if I may say so, sacramentally.
1723:
10388:
10399:
3408:, Suchness and "the substance underlying phenomenal reality". However, while Vairocana as ultimate principle is eternal, it also transforms and changes according to the needs and conditions of sentient beings. Furthermore, Vairocana is empty, interdependent and interfused with all phenomena in the universe. Thus, Vairocana is both immanent (due to its dependent and interfused character) and transcendent (as the immutable basis of all things).
7797:
7784:
7774:
3092:(any part) is essential to the existence of its building (standing in for the universe, the dharmadhatu). Likewise, the identity and existence of any rafter is also dependent on it being part of a building (otherwise it would not be a rafter). Therefore, any phenomenon is necessarily dependent upon all phenomena in the universe, and because of this, all phenomena lack any metaphysical independence or essential nature (
1877:
40:
3000:
1462:, c. 738–839), though he was not a direct student of Fazang (who died 25 years before Chengguan's birth), Chengguan further developed the Huayan teachings in innovative directions in his various commentaries and treatises. He was a student of Fashen (718–778), who was a student of Fazang's student Huiyuan. Chengguan's voluminous commentary to the new 80 fascicle
1901:(1535–1615), both of whom studied and drew on Huayan thought and promoted the unity of practice (Chan and Pure Land) and study. Zhuhong himself was a student of Wuji Mingxin (1512-1574) of Bao'en monastery, who in turn was a disciple of Lu'an Putai. Another influential student of Wuji was Xuelang Hong'en (1545-1608), who became the most famous teacher in
2320:, and the West. The university managed to foster a network of educated monks who focused on Huayan Buddhism during the 20th century. Through this network, the lineage of the Huayan tradition was transmitted to many monks, which helped to preserve the lineage down to the modern day via new Huayan-centred organizations that these monks would later found.
2051:. Important figures include the Silla monk Pŏmsu who introduced the work of Chengguan to Korea in 799, and Sŭngjŏn, a disciple of Uisang. Another important figure associated with Hwaôm was the literatus Ch’oe Ch’iwŏn. He is known for his biographies of Fazang and Uisang, along with other Huayan writings. Towards of the end of Silla, Gwanhye of
4006:
solution to the problem of suffering which lies in the "fixation or attachment to a particular perspective. What we think are the essences of objects are really therefore nothing but mere names, mere functional designations, and none of these contextual definitions need necessarily interfere with any of the others."
4078:
3701:. This practice was also sometimes combined with chanting and bowing as well. Another element that was sometimes added to this practice was to use one's own blood in the process of sutra copying (sometimes just blood mixed with the ink). This blood writing was rare, but it was done by a few celebrated figures, like
1772:(首楞嚴義疏注經). While the Huayan school is generally seen as having been weaker than Chan or Tiantai during the Song, it still enjoyed considerable support from Chinese elites and from Buddhist monastics. Another important figure in the Song revival of Huayan was Guangzhi Bensong (廣智本嵩, fl. 1040), a master from the from
3681:. The chanting, studying and copying of the sutra was often done in "Huayen Assemblies" (Huayanhui), who would meet regularly to chant the sutra. Chanting the entire sutra could take anywhere from a few weeks to several months. Regular chanting of important passages from the sutra is also common, particularly the
2983:) - how phenomena arise out of an ultimate principle, which is buddha-nature, or the "One Mind", how the ultimate principle (li) and all phenomena (shi) are mutually interpenetrated, the relation between parts and the whole (understood through the six characteristics), a unique Huayan interpretation of the
1325:(618 to 907). These Huayan "patriarchs" (though they did not call themselves as such) were erudite scholar-practitioner who created a unique tradition of exegesis, study and practice through their writings and oral teachings. They were particularly influenced by the works of the Dilun and Shelun schools of
4047:), focused on tracing the universal light which is radiated by the Buddha in one's mind and expanding one's contemplation further and further outwards until it fills the entire universe. This contemplation of the Buddha's light leads to a state of joyful tranquility which leads to insight into emptiness.
3427:
through his ten bodies which are: the All-Beings Body, the Lands Body, the Karma Body, the Śrāvakas Body, the
Pratyekabuddha Body, the Bodhisattvas Body, the Tathāgatas Body, the Wisdom Body, the Dharma Body, and the Space Body. Fazang sees these ten bodies as encompassing all phenomena (animate and
3340:
That is to say, the ultimate pure nature is interdependent on and interpenetrates the entire phenomenal universe, while also being its source. For Huayan patriarchs like Fazang, the ultimate nature is thus seen as non-dual with all relative phenomena. Because the ultimate source of all things is also
3280:
as a metaphor for reality. The gold itself stands in for the ultimate principle, while the appearance and relative shape of the lion statue is the relative and dependent phenomena as they are perceived by living beings. Because the ultimate principle is boundless, empty and ceaseless, it is like gold
4154:
dharani and other mantras (like the Mani mantra) which are said to have many powerful effects and is recommended even for laypersons. Finally, the third part promotes "the systematic integration of exoteric doctrine and occult practice, arguing that each is incomplete without the other, whether they
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Peter N. Gregory notes that the Huayan commentarial tradition was: "not primarily concerned with a careful exegesis of the original meaning of the scripture." Instead it was concerned with specific doctrines, ideas and metaphors (such as nature origination, the dependent arising of the dharmadhatu,
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Furthermore, because all things are interconnected and interfused, the Buddha (and his cosmic body and universal light) is present everywhere and so is his wisdom, which is said to be all pervasive. As chapter 32 of the sutra states: "in the class of living beings there is no place where the wisdom
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Daozhen’s central thesis in the work is that the “body” of Huayan doctrine and the envisaged image of Cundi are somehow co-inherent, and that by invoking the presence of the goddess we somehow confirm the truth of the doctrines and render them practically efficacious. In other words, Daozhen holds
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interdependence expand throughout the entire universe and at all time (past, present, and future depend upon each other, which is to say the total dharmadhatu arises simultaneously), so in the totality of interdependence, the dharmadhatu, all phenomena are mutually interpenetrating and identical.
3242:
views. Some examples include: (1) since any phenomenon X is empty, this implies X is also not X; (2) any particular phenomenon is an expression of and contains the absolute and yet it retains its particularity; (3) since each phenomenon contains all other phenomena, the conventional order of space
2351:
In
Mainland China, Huayan teachings began to be more widely re-propagated after the end of the Cultural Revolution. Various monks from the network of monks fostered by the original Huayan University, such as Zhenchan (真禪) and Mengcan (夢參), were the driving factors behind the re-propagation as they
4359:
In Huayan, Buddhahood transcends all concepts, times and stages. Because practice cannot create something that is not immanent, Huayan sees the bodhisattva path as simply revealing what is already there (buddha-nature, which is buddhahood itself concealed within sentient beings). In spite of this
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This interpenetration of all elements of the path to awakening is also a consequence of the Huayan view of time, which sees all moments as interfused (including a sentient being's present practice and their eventual future
Buddhahood aeons from now). Since time itself is empty, all moments (past,
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According to Fox, "these dharmadhatus are not separate worlds – they are actually increasingly more holographic perspectives on a single phenomenological manifold...they more properly represent four types or orders of perspectives on experience." Furthermore, for Huayan, this contemplation is the
2675:
The realm of the
Buddhas is inconceivable, no sentient being can fathom it....The Buddha constantly emits great beams of light, in each light beam are innumerable Buddhas....The Buddha-body is pure and always tranquil, the radiance of its light extends throughout the world....The Buddha's freedom
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T1955). The work is divided into three parts. Part one summarizes the Huayan philosophy, which
Daoshen sees as the highest form of the explicit or manifest Buddhist teachings. It also discusses the praxis of Huayan, here called “cultivating the ocean of Samantabhadra’s practices”, which includes
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as one which sees the universe "as one single nexus of conditions in which everything simultaneously depends on, and is depended on by, everything else. Seen in this light, then, everything affects and is affected by, more or less immediately or remotely, everything else; just as this is true of
2331:
Like other
Taiwanese Buddhist organization's, the Society has also diversified its propagation and educational activities over the years. It produces its own periodical and runs its own press. It also now runs a variety of educational programs, including a kindergarten, a vocational college, and
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doctrine, Huayan patriarchs also argued that the gradual practices of the bodhisattva stages are still necessary. This is because all stages retain their particularity even while being wholly interfused and only through the practice of the bodhisattva path does the immanent
Buddhahood manifest.
3936:
Dushun's meditative framework was based on three main stages of contemplation: (1) understanding emptiness as the true nature of all dharmas, (2) understanding that all dharmas are harmonious with the truth, and (3) understanding that all dharmas do not obstruct each other and that each dharma
1892:
was the center of
Chinese Buddhist doctrinal study. During the late Ming, Kongyin Zhencheng (1547–1617), Lu'an (or Lushan) Putai (fl. 1511) of Beijing's Da Xinglong monastery and Yu’an Zhengui (born 1558) were some of the most influential scholars of Huayan thought. Huayan philosophy was also
1681:
According to Daochen, the best approach to Buddhahood is the “combined practice of the exoteric and esoteric” (xianmi shuangxiu, 顯密雙修) which is for those of the highest capacity. However, he also recommended that those of "middling and lesser faculties...can choose to practice a single method
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First, noumenon and phenomena mutually interpenetrate and are (in a sense) identical. There is no opposition between the two. The one does not cancel out the other. Second, Fazang explains elsewhere that since all things arise interdependently (following Madhyamika), and since the links of
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Furthermore, Huayan thought sees the entire universe as being the very body of Vairocana, who is seen as a supreme cosmic Buddha. Vairocana is infinite, his influence and light is limitless, pervading the entire universe. Furthermore, Vairocana is really the ultimate principle (li), the
2719:
They . . . perceive that the fields full of assemblies, the beings and aeons which are as many as all the dust particles, are all present in every particle of dust. They perceive that the many fields and assemblies and the beings and the aeons are all reflected in each particle of
2078:(1392–1910). All schools were forced to merge into one single school, which was dominated by the Seon (Korean Zen) tradition. Within the Seon school, Hwaôm thought would continue to play a strong role until modern times and various Hwaôm commentaries were written in the Joseon era
2732:) as seen from the point of view of a Buddha. The focus of the Huayan sutra is thus how to attain this contemplative universal vision of ultimate reality, as well as the miraculous powers of Buddhas and bodhisattvas with which they communicate their vision of the ultimate truth.
1615:
After the fall of the Tang dynasty several Huayan commentaries were lost. However, during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms era, Huayan remained influential, being part of the "Huayan-Chan" lineages influenced by Zongmi which were very popular in the north, especially in the
1224:
Xuangao, a disciple of Buddhabhadra, was associated with the teaching of the "Huāyán Samadhi" which is said to have been passed on to him by Buddhabhadra. According to Hamar, Xuangao's tradition is a precursor to the Huayan school and may have even composed the apocryphal
2348:(Meiguo Huayan Lianshe 美國華嚴蓮社). Like the parent organization in Taiwan, this branch holds weekly lectures on the Huayan Sutra and several annual Huayan Dharma Assemblies where it is chanted. It also holds monthly memorial services for the society's spiritual forebears.
4352:) as being linear. Instead, as soon as one reaches the earlier stages of "perfection of faith" (which is part of Huayan's 52 bhumi model), one has also acquired all the stages, as well as Buddhahood. This doctrine of "enlightenment at the stage of faith" (信滿成佛,
5263:
4348:
present, and future) are interfused with each other. As Fazang writes, "beginning and end Interpenetrate. On each stage, one is thus both a Bodhisattva and a Buddha." As such, Huayan does not understand a bodhisattva's progress through the bodhisattva stages (
1599:
After the time of Zongmi and Li Tongxuan, Chinese Huayan generally stagnated in terms of new developments, and then eventually began to decline. The school, which had been dependent upon the support it received from the government, suffered severely during the
4338:
The first access of faith in the mind of the practitioner is in itself the culmination of the entire path, the very realization of final Buddhahood.... ‘Faith’ or confidence in the possibility of enlightenment is nothing but enlightenment itself, in an
3227:), and as such, there is no ontological difference between sacred and secular, awakening and ignorance, or even between Buddhahood and living beings. Because of the unity of ordinary human life and enlightenment, Li also held that Chinese sages like
3058:
every system of relationships, so is it true of the totality of existence." In this worldview, all dharmas are so interconnected that they are fused together without any obstructions in a perfectly harmonious whole (which is the entire universe, the
4146:
numerous exoteric Buddhist practices such as breath meditation, meditation on emptiness, prostrations, offerings, confession rites, vows, and buddha name recitation. The second part of this work teaches esoteric Buddhism or mantra method (Mijiao,
1758:(義天, 1055–1101) was thus an important figure of this revival period. The chief Chinese Huayan figures of the Song dynasty revival were Changshui Zixuan (子璇, 965–1038), Jinshui Jingyuan (靜源, 1011–1088), and Yihe (義和, c. early twelfth century).
2395:. According to Wei Daoru their theory of perfect interfusion was "gradually accepted by all Buddhist traditions and it eventually permeated all aspects of Chinese Buddhism." Huayan even is seen by some scholars as the main philosophy behind
1590:
on the origination of the world to the Huayan teaching on the dependent arising of the tathagatagarbha. Huiyuan also incorporated Daoism and Confucianism into his panjiao (doctrinal classification) system. Chengguan disagreed with this.
3960:
is the goal of the bodhisattva's practice, the ultimate nature of reality which must be known or entered into. According to Fox, the Fourfold Dharmadhatu is "four cognitive approaches to the world, four ways of apprehending reality".
2034:
After the passing of these two early monks, the Hwaôm school eventually became the most influential tradition in the Silla Kingdom until the end of the kingdom. Royal support allowed various Hwaôm monasteries to be constructed on all
1631:. Various masters from these non-Chinese kingdoms are known, such as Xianyan (1048-1118) from Kailong temple in Khitan Upper capital, Hengce (1049-1098), Tongli dashi from Yanjing, Daoshen (1056?-1114?), Xianmi Yuantong, from Liao
4367:
Primordial wisdom is made manifest through meditation; cultivation does not create it or bring it into being. If one simply follows the Bodhisattva Path and learns the bodhisattva practices, primordial wisdom will shine forth of
2352:
travelled widely throughout China as well as other countries such as the United States and lectured on Huayan teachings. In 1996, one of Mengcan's tonsured disciples, the monk Jimeng (繼夢), also known as Haiyun (海雲), founded the
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our world is just one of the immeasurable number of worlds in a multiverse called "Ocean of worlds, whose surface and inside are decorated with an arrangement of flowers" (Kusumatalagarbha-vyuhalamkara-lokadhatu-samudra). The
1394:, c. 602–668), was a student of Dushun who is considered to have established most of the main doctrines of Huayan thought and is thus a crucial figure in the foundation of Huayan. Zhiyan also studied with various masters from
3689:
Solo chanting practice was also common, and another common element of reciting the sutra was bowing to the sutra during the chanting. Since this practice is time-consuming, it was also often done in solitary retreats called
3602:
had doctrinal arguments regarding which would be the correct concept of sudden awakening. The teachings of the Chan school were regarded as inferior by Huayan masters, a characterization which was rejected by Chan masters.
3368:
states that this entire cosmos has been purified by the Buddha Vairocana through his bodhisattva practices for countless aeons, after having met countless Buddhas. The sutra also states that our world is in Vairocana's
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and saw this practice as a method of realizing the Huayan vision of ultimate reality. During the Qing, Baiting Xufa (1641-1728) and the lay scholar Peng Shaosheng (1740–1796) further promoted Huayan-Nianfo methods.
4649:
Chen Jinhua Sen, "Meditation Traditions in Fifth-Century Northern China: With a Special Note on a Forgotten “Kaśmiri” Meditation Tradition Brought to China by Buddhabhadra (359-429)", in Tansen (editor) (2014).
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remain important in modern Huayan Buddhism and are chanted in modern Dharma assemblies. Another dharani / esoteric practice in modern Huayan is the contemplation of the 42 Avatamsaka syllables (a version of the
2710:
An important doctrine that the Huayan school drew from this sutra is the idea that all levels of reality are interrelated, interpenetrated and interfused, and so "inside everything is everything else". As the
2323:
Several new Huayan Buddhist organizations have been established since the latter half of the 20th century. In contemporary times, the largest and oldest of the Huayan-centered organizations in Taiwan is the
2410:(774-835) was deeply knowledgeable of Huayan thought and he saw Huayan as the highest exoteric view. Some of Kukai's ideas, such as his view of Buddhahood in this body, was also influenced by Huayan ideas.
2619:), which is considered the supreme Buddhist revelation in this tradition. There are three different translations of the work in Chinese and other related sutras as well. According to Paul Williams, the
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in that it can be transformed into many forms and shapes. Also, even though phenomena appear as particular things, they lack any independent existence, since they all depend on the ultimate principle.
2531:). This influence can also be seen in Linji's schema of the "four propositions". According to Thomas Cleary, similar Huayan influences can be found in the works of other Tang dynasty Chan masters like
4376:
held that Buddhahood is reached through "sudden awakening followed by gradual cultivation" and he also held that "sudden and gradual are not only not contradictory, but are actually complementary".
1279:
and Dilun masters likely had their own commentaries on the text (but none have survived in full). Only a few extracts remain, such as parts of Huiguang's commentary and parts of Lingyu's (518–605).
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is interfused with the very first stage of a bodhisattva's path. Thus, according to patriarch Fazang, “when one first arouses the thought of enlightenment one also becomes perfectly enlightened”.
2695:
3075:
chapter's climax scene in Vairocana's Tower. Indra's net is an infinite cosmic net that contains a multifaceted jewel at each vertex, with each jewel being reflected in all of the other jewels,
2371:(Caotangshan Da Huayansi 草堂山大華嚴寺). This temple hosts many Huayan-related activities, including a weekly Huayan Assembly. Since 2000, the association has grown internationally, with branches in
2274:(淨土法門源流章, T 2687:84) and it was influenced by various figures of his day, such as the Jodo monk Chōsai, and the Sanron figure Shinkū Shōnin, as well as by his understanding of Huayan thought.
3865:
Another leading figure in the teaching of Huayan Nianfo was the 12th century Song monk Yihe (義和) who combined the method of nianfo with Huayan meditation teachings and the practice of the
3746:, one popular method of contemplating the Buddha is to recite the Buddha's name. The practice of reciting the names of the Buddhas was also seen as a way to achieve rebirth in Vairocana's
3454:
In order to understand the vast number of texts and teachings they had received from India, Chinese Buddhist schools developed schematic classifications of these various teachings (called
1905:
and lead revival of Huayan studies during this time. His main students include Yiyu Tongrun (1565-1624), Cangxue Duche (1588-1656), Tairu Minghe (1588-1640) and Gaoyuan Mingyu (fl. 1612).
2301:(1912–1949), various monks were known for their focus on Huayan teaching and practice. Key Huayan figures of this era include Cizhou (1877–1958), Zhiguang (1889–1963), Changxing, Yingci,
549:
philosophies. Huayan teachings, especially its doctrines of universal interpenetration, nature-origination (which sees all phenomena as arising from a single ontological source), and the
3968:
All dharmas are seen as particular separate events or phenomena (shi 事). This is the mundane way of seeing and is not a contemplation or meditation, but the pre-meditative perspective.
3469:
The Huayan school patriarch Zhiyan developed a five tiered doctrinal classification of the Buddha's teaching which was expanded on by later figures such as Fazang. The five tiers are:
2664:. Vairocana is the universal Buddha, whose body is the entire universe and who is said to pervade every atom in the universe with his light, wisdom, teachings, and magical emanations.
6801:"ABLS Spring Hua-yen Sutra Chanting and Qingming Ancestral Memorial Ceremony [Special Report] On April 17, 2016 [稱自家毘盧法界。修本有普賢行海 — ABLS 春季華嚴誦經暨清明祭祖法會 【特別報導】 – 美國華嚴蓮社]"
4023:
Nianfo practice on the level of “non-obstruction of principle and phenomena” refers to a nianfo practice which has transcended notions like "buddha", "mind" and "name of the buddha".
1938:
Baiting Xufa and Peng Shaosheng were known for their synthesis of Huayan thought with Pure Land practice which is termed "Huayan-Nianfo". For the scholar monk Xufa, the practice of
1714:究竟一乘圓明心要) by Tongli Hengce (通理恆策, 1048–1098). The works of the Liao tradition are important because they served as one of the sources of the later Huayan revival during the Song.
4026:
Nianfo on the level of the interpenetration of all dharmas refers to the realization that the name of Buddha and the mind is all pervasive throughout the one true dharmadhatu.
3758:. As such, for Huayan, our own world (known as the "Sahā world") is also the Lotus Storehouse Pure Land. Huayan also saw Vairocana's Pure land as non-dual and interfused with
3645:
The Huayan school developed numerous practices as part of their conception of the bodhisattva path. These include devotional practices, studying, chanting and copying of the
1321:
The founding of the Huayan school proper is traditionally attributed to a series of five patriarchs who were instrumental in developing the school's doctrines during the
1920:. During the Qing, the most influential Huayan figures were Baiting Xufa (柏亭續法 1641-1728) and Datian Tongli (1701-1782). Xufa wrote various works on nianfo, including:
1844:
During the Ming dynasty, Huayan remained influential. One important event during the early Ming was when the eminent Huayan monk Huijin (1355-1436) was invited by the
2475:
of Chan, was influenced by Huayan teachings, like the identity of principle and phenomena. He also sometimes quoted from Huayan sources in his sermons, like Dushun's
2356:
1127:), may date from the first century CE. These various sutras were probably joined shortly before its translation into Chinese, at the beginning of the 5th century CE.
3697:
Copying the entire sutra (or passages from the sutra) by hand was also another key practice in this tradition and some sutra copyists were known for their excellent
3164:): each dharma is integrated together with other dharmas in forming each other and in forming the whole, and each dharma does not interfere with every other dharma.
1217:
teachings are associated with figures like Xuangao (402-444) who led a community with Daorong at Binglingsi cave, and Zhidan (c. 429–490), who argued that only the
4134:. Furthermore, according to Sorensen, the iconography of the Huayan Vairocana Buddha and the Esoteric Mahavairocana also became fused during the post-Tang period.
3812:(Taisho. 232). One selects Buddha, faces their direction, and then one mentally "holds" (chēngmíng 稱名) the sound of the name until one has a vision of all buddhas.
3084:
Other Huayan metaphors included a hall of mirrors, the rafter and the building, and the world text. The rafter-building metaphor can be found in Fazang's famous “
5755:
Jakub Zamorski (2020). "Rethinking Yang Wenhui's identity as a ‘Chinese’ Pure Land Buddhist in his polemics against Jōdo-Shinshū," Studies in Chinese Religions,
3104:
One framework which is used by the Huayan tradition to further explain the doctrine of interpenetration is the "perfect interfusion of the six characteristics" (
3594:
and Huayan which teach both the interpenetration of principle (or buddha-nature) and phenomena as well as the interpenetration of all phenomena with each other.
2232:(kōmyō shingon) as simple efficacious practice that was available to all, lay and monastic. He also promoted the idea that this mantra could lead to rebirth in
4226:
practices were some of the most popular. A similar synthesis of Huayan-Chan Buddhism (derived from Zongmi) with esoteric Buddhist teachings and practices from
1430:(684–705) and is often considered the real founder of the school. He wrote numerous works on Huayan thought and practice including several commentaries on the
4253:
4218:
4175:
1946:
and could lead to an insight into the Huayan teachings of interpenetration. Xufa generally defended the mind-only Pure land view which saw the Pure land and
2724:
According to Dumoulin, the Huayan vision of "unity in totality allows every individual entity of the phenomenal world its uniqueness without attributing an
1962:
would lead to rebirth in the Pure land (which is non-dual with all worlds in the universe) and see Buddha Amitabha (which is equal to seeing all Buddhas).
1814:
ritual manuals, as well as by earlier Huayan materials. Song era Huayan monks also developed distinctly Huayan forms of "concentration and contemplation" (
8538:
7672:
3523:
The "Final" Mahayana teaching which according to Fazang teach the "eternal nature of the tathagatagarbha". Fazang writes that this teaching is based on
9453:
7928:
2005:
together with Fazang. After Uisang returned to Korea in 671, established the school and wrote various Hwaôm works, including a popular poem called the
1825:
Jinshui Jingyuan also helped organize some state recognized Huayan public monasteries, like Huiyin temple. Jingyuan is known for his association with
1578:
Because Huiyuan modified some of Fazang's interpretations, he was retroactively sidelined from the Huayan lineage of patriarchs by later figures like
5576:
6278:
3547:
7718:
4430:
2281:, another Kegon scholarly revival occurred under the Kegon monk Hōtan (1657-1738. a.k.a. Sōshun, Genko Dōjin) and his disciple Fujaku (1707-1781).
9457:
7632:
4137:
Perhaps the most important figure in the synthesis of Huayan and Chinese Esoteric Buddhism was the 11th century monk Daoshen (道蝗), author of the
4097:
3529:
1868:
520:
9681:
6705:
Exegesis-philosophy interplay : introduction to Fazang's (643-712) commentary on the Huayan jing (60 juans) — the Huayan jing tanxuan ji
6689:
Exegesis-philosophy interplay : introduction to Fazang's (643-712) commentary on the Huayan jing (60 juans) — the Huayan jing tanxuan ji
6648:
Exegesis-philosophy interplay : introduction to Fazang's (643-712) commentary on the Huayan jing (60 juans) — the Huayan jing tanxuan ji
5695:
3284:
Furthermore, Huayan sees the ultimate principle and the relative phenomena as interdependent, unified and interfused, that is to say, they are
1894:
1113:) is a compilation of sutras of various length, some of which originally circulated as independent works before being combined into the "full"
4811:
Thomé H. Fang, Tang Junyi and Huayan Thought: A Confucian Appropriation of Buddhist Ideas in Response to Scientism in Twentieth-Century China,
4757:
Thomé H. Fang, Tang Junyi and Huayan Thought: A Confucian Appropriation of Buddhist Ideas in Response to Scientism in Twentieth-Century China,
6125:
The Zen Commentary on the Lankāvatāra Sūtra by Kokan Shiren (1278-1346) and its chief antecedent, the commentary by the Khotanese monk Zhiyan
2325:
3944:, 四法界) eventually became the central meditative framework for the Huayan tradition. This doctrinal and meditative framework is explained in
7898:
7543:, Asiatische Forschungen: Monographienreihe zur Geschichte, Kultur und Sprache der Völker Ost- u. Zentralasiens, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz,
5512:, Asiatische Forschungen: Monographienreihe zur Geschichte, Kultur und Sprache der Völker Ost- u. Zentralasiens, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz,
3634:
5880:
2922:, the realm of phenomena, the Dharma realm), which is the world as it is ultimately, from the point of view of a fully awakened being. In
2758:大乘起信論) was another key scriptural source for Huayan masters like Fazang and Zongmi, both of whom wrote commentaries on this treatise. The
2171:. When the construction of the Tōdai-ji was completed, Rōben became the head of the new Kegon school in Japan and received the support of
2124:
1174:, T. 281), translated by Zhi Qian (fl. ca. 220–257 CE) in the early to mid third century. There is evidence that these smaller or partial
2558:(1546-1623) is known for promoting the study of Huayan and for his work on a new edition of Chengguan's commentary on the Huayan sutra.
1674:顯密圓通成佛心要 T no. 1955). Another important Huayan esoteric source of this period is Jueyuan's sub-commentary on Yixing’s commentary to the
8006:
6309:
6139:
The Buddhāvataṃ saka-sūtra and Its Chinese Interpretation: The Huayan Understanding of the Concepts of Ālayavijñāna and Tathāgatagarbha
5552:
Silk, Jonathan A. (ed. in chief) et al. (2019.) Brill's Encyclopedia of Buddhism Volume II: Lives, pp. 1071-1075. BRILL, Leiden|Boston.
2019:, who also studied and drew on Huayan thought and is considered a key figure of Korean Hwaôm. Wonhyo wrote a partial commentary on the
1395:
1052:
7741:
7736:
6833:
2332:
short-term courses in Buddhism for college and primary-school students, and offers scholarships. One example is their founding of the
7763:
7595:
5475:
Madhusudan Sakya, 〈Current Perspectives in Buddhism: Buddhism today / issues&global dimensions〉, Cyber Tech Publications, 2011.
10429:
7660:
Haiyun Jimeng (2006). The Dawn of Enlightenment - The Opening Passage of Avatamsaka Sutra with a Commentary, Kongting Publishing.
7389:
Hamar, I. "Faith, Practice and Enlightenment in the Avataṃsaka-sūtra and the Huayan School", in Imre Hamar and Takami Inoue (eds.)
2728:
to anything". According to Williams, this interfused vision of the cosmos is the total realm of all phenomena, the "Dharma realm" (
7574:
2074:
He also unified the southern and northern factions of Hwaeomsa and Haeinsa. Korean Buddhism declined severely under the Confucian
10273:
9725:
7056:
4017:
Nianfo on the level of the realm of phenomena refers to reciting the name of the Buddha as if the Buddha was external to oneself.
9928:
7908:
6609:
as Interpreted by Fazang 法藏 (643-712): A Comparative Reflection on "Creator" and "Creation" 法藏(643-712)筆下《華嚴經》中的盧舍那:談佛教中的創世者和創世
1739:
1609:
943:
7172:
Gimello, Robert (2004). ″Icon and Incantation: The Goddess Zhunti and the Role of Images in the Occult Buddhism of China." In
4259:
4181:
3297:
The ultimate principle is associated with various Mahayana terms referring to ultimate reality, such as the "One Mind" of the
7701:
Prince, Tony (2020), Universal Enlightenment - An introduction to the Teachings and Practices of Huayen Buddhism (2nd edn.).
7674:
Introduction. In: Hamar, Imre (editor), Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism (Asiatische Forschungen Vol. 151)
7548:
7511:
7236:
7215:
7194:
7153:
7133:
7110:
7090:
7013:
6993:
6788:
6577:
6190:
6100:
5671:
5517:
4363:
Thus, according to Li Tongxuan "there is no other enlightenment" than simply following the bodhisattva path, and furthermore:
2561:
A similar syncretism with Zen occurred in Korea, where the Korean Huayan tradition influenced and was eventually merged with
2336:(Huayan Zhuanzong Xueyuan 華嚴專宗學院) in 1975. They have also established branch temples overseas, most notably in California's
1958:, and the pure land was part of Vairocana's Lotus Treasury World. As such, the practice of nianfo and of the methods of the
8091:
7933:
7541:
Avataṃsaka Buddhism in East Asia: Huayan, Kegon, Flower Ornament Buddhism ; origins and adaptation of a visual culture
7440:
K'an-hua Meditation: The Evolution of a Practical Subitism in Chinese Ch'an Buddhism. In: Peter N. Gregory (editor)(1991),
3881:
and Ch'ewŏn. This devotion included the practice of chanting the names of bodhisattvas and visualizing them in meditation.
2353:
2312:
to further systematize Huayan teaching and teach monastics. It helped to expand the Huayan tradition into the rest of into
5264:
On the Synthesis of Huayan Thought and Pure Land Practice by Early Qing Dynasty Buddhist Scholars (清初華嚴念佛思想試析——以續法與彭紹升為例).
3438:
3337:
Nature origination refers to the manifestation of the ultimate nature in the phenomenal world and its interfusion with it.
10268:
5577:""Vocalizing the Lament over the Buddha's Passing: A Study of Myōe's Shiza kōshiki" | The Ho Center for Buddhist Studies"
4425:
4126:
1658:
in some cases. Several texts from the Liao Huayan tradition have survived, such as master Daochen's (道㲀) Chan influenced
636:
3157:): each dharma is different, since they have distinct functions and appearance, even while being part of a single whole.
2243:, with which it shared a cordial relationship. Its practice continues to this day, and includes a few temples overseas.
1832:
In the later Song, there were also four great Huayan masters: Daoting, Shihui (1102-1166), Guanfu, and Xidi. During the
10165:
9715:
7810:
7685:
7648:
7564:
6515:
5846:
5109:
5085:
4707:
3534:
3298:
2949:
2750:
1682:
according to their preference, be it the exoteric or esoteric.” Daochen's esoteric teachings focused on the dharani of
626:
536:
7025:
Hamar, Imre (Editor). Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism (ASIATISCHE FORSCHUNGEN), 2007, page 226-227
6911:
Vörös, Erika Erzsébet. 2022. "Korean Potalaka: Legends about Naksan Temple Examined through Mountain and Sea Worship"
3124:, because it takes part in creating a whole (like a building), and each dharma is indispensable in creating the whole.
2015:
which encapsulated the Huayan teaching. In this effort, he was greatly aided by the powerful influences of his friend
1699:
1692:
1668:
Collection of Essentials for Realization of Buddhahood in the Perfect Penetration of the Exoteric and Secret Teachings
8011:
7706:
7531:
7493:
7478:
7307:
6944:, link.gale.com/apps/doc/A493448486/AONE?u=googlescholar&sid=googleScholar&xid=91a4c878. Accessed 3 May 2023.
6124:
5510:
Avataṃsaka Buddhism in East Asia: Huayan, Kegon, Flower Ornament Buddhism; origins and adaptation of a visual culture
4287:, 光明眞言). Due to influence from the Shingon school, today's Kegon school retains numerous esoteric Buddhist elements.
3706:
2298:
10258:
4327:
is already present in all sentient beings, and also because their theory of universal interpenetration entails that
2039:, and the tradition became the main force behind the unification of various Korean Buddhist cults, such as those of
9943:
9688:
7654:
6172:
Hamar, Imre (Editor). Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism (ASIATISCHE FORSCHUNGEN), 2007, page 199.
5730:
4697:
4678:
Hamar, Imre. "The Exegetical Tradition of the Buddhāvataṃsaka-sūtra." Journal of East Asian Cultures 2022/1: 1–16.
4606:
Hamar, Imre (Editor). Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism (ASIATISCHE FORSCHUNGEN), 2007, page 110.
4020:
Nianfo on the level of the ultimate principle refers to reciting nianfo while knowing it as mind-only (cittamatra).
1601:
596:
6936:
Cheon-hak, Kim. "The cult of the Hwaom pure land of the Koryo period as seen through self-power and other-power."
6881:
Hamar, Imre (Editor). Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism (ASIATISCHE FORSCHUNGEN), 2007, page 224
6703:
6687:
6646:
4869:
Hamar, Imre (Editor). Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism (ASIATISCHE FORSCHUNGEN), 2007, page XV.
4054:, who promoted a similar practiced that he termed "the Samadhi of Contemplating the Buddha's Radiance" (Japanese:
3834:觀想念), this entails contemplating a Buddha's body without the aid of a physical image, and is based on sutras like
10335:
10325:
8154:
7655:
The place of the Sudden Teaching within the Hua-Yen tradition:an investigation of the process of doctrinal change
6960:
McBride, R. D. (2015). Koryŏ Buddhist Paintings and the Cult of Amitābha: Visions of a Hwaŏm-Inspired Pure Land.
5530:
4951:
4743:
Hamar, Imre (Editor). Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism (ASIATISCHE FORSCHUNGEN), 2007, page 3.
4734:
Hamar, Imre (Editor). Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism (ASIATISCHE FORSCHUNGEN), 2007, page 5.
3171:): the fact that each part maintains its unique activity and retains its individuality while making up the whole.
1210:
1194:
5663:
The Huayan University network : the teaching and practice of Avataṃsaka Buddhism in twentieth-century China
4143:
Collection of Essentials for the Attainment of Buddhahood by Total Penetration of the Esoteric and the Exoteric,
2228:
esoteric lineages. He was a prolific scholar monk who composed over 50 works. Myōe promoted the practice of the
1862:
10280:
9933:
9735:
9626:
9571:
8144:
7723:
7665:
7625:
5480:
5463:
5446:
2784:
2692:. These various stages of spiritual attainment are discussed in various parts of the sutra (book 15, book 26).
2146:
2128:
1850:
1540:
1515:
1488:
1445:
1409:
1377:
1342:
1101:
1045:
448:
443:
386:
96:
7691:
3754:蓮花藏世界). This Pure Land contains the entire universe, including our world, and it is identical with the entire
3041:
According to Fazang, since the sum of all things determines any individual thing, “one is many, many is one” (
10250:
9948:
9631:
7923:
7756:
3265:) which is endless and without limits, while phenomena (shi) refers to the impermanent and relative dharmas.
3071:
2189:
continued administration of Tōdai-ji and expanded its prestige through the introduction of imported rituals.
1509:
and for also writing on Daoism and Confucianism. His writings include works on Chan (such as the influential
1275:
and Ratnamati. Dilun figures like Ratnamati's disciple Huiguang (468–537) emphasized the study of the entire
1009:
396:
182:
4938:
3677:
According to Paul Williams, one of the central practices for the Huayan tradition was the recitation of the
3669:) by Jinshui Jingyuan (靜源) which are still practiced together by Huayan communities during day long events.
3541:
3184:
Truth is understood as encompassing and interpenetrating falsehood (or illusion), and vice versa (see also:
2774:
2177:
9833:
9705:
9676:
9378:
5210:(2018, 31: 117–170) New Taipei: Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies. ISSN: 2313-2000 e-ISSN: 2313-2019.
4898:“Buddhism and the Dao in Tang China: The Impact of Confucianism and Daoism on the Philosophy of Chengguan,”
3866:
2463:
was profoundly influenced by Huayan, though Chán also defined itself by distinguishing itself from Huayan.
1523:
While the above list is the most common one, other Huayan patriarchal lists add different figures, such as
6724:
5881:"Huayan Buddhism and the Phenomenal Universe of the Flower Ornament Sutra (Buddhadharma Magazine Article)"
5643:
Chung-Hwa Buddhist Journal, No. 9, (1996) Taipei: Chung-Hwa Institute of Buddhist Studies ISSN: 1017─7132.
5154:"Splendors of the Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana and Rare Books from the Ming and Qing Imperial Libraries"
4472:
The Huayan University network: the teaching and practice of Avataṃsaka Buddhism in twentieth-century China
3800:), a schema that was also adopted by later Chinese figures: These four types of nianfo are the following:
3516:
9524:
9433:
8903:
8548:
8061:
7956:
7597:
The Significance of Paradoxical Language in Hua-Yen Buddhism. In: Philosophy East and West 32 (3):325-338
6285:
4213:
2646:
1790:
1083:
609:
57:
9068:
6043:
5039:"Ŭich'ŏn, Jingyuan, and ritual repentance in the revival of Huayan Buddhism in the Northern Song period"
3889:
Various Huayan texts provide different frameworks for the practice of meditation and the development of
3666:
1807:
1768:
10434:
10373:
9853:
9329:
8815:
7938:
7771:
6482:
6431:
6082:
5013:
4993:
4973:
4497:
4416:
3861:, which is "unproduced and unextinguished, neither going nor coming, without name and without feature".
2305:, Yuexia, Shouye, and Kefa. Some of these figures were part of a network of Huayan study and practice.
1881:
580:
9263:
3065:
In the Huayan school, the teaching of interpenetration is depicted through various metaphors, such as
2573:
2417:
school. Tiantai school figures who were influenced by Huayan and Chan were called the "off mountain" (
2055:
and Master Heuirang (875-927 CE) were the two most important figures. During this period Hwaeomsa and
1787:
New Huayan practice and ritual manuals were also written during the Song, such as Jinshui Jingyuan's "
1309:
10263:
10076:
10066:
9938:
8921:
8501:
8262:
8237:
7473:
Cleary, Thomas, trans. (1993). The Flower Ornament Scripture: A Translation of the Avatamsaka Sūtra.
5708:
Makio, Takemura, "Kukai's Esotericism and Avatamsaka Thought", in Gimello at al. (2012), pp. 339-344.
4295:
4147:
4106:
3315:), buddha-nature, or just "nature". This nature is the ontological source and ground of all phenomena
3285:
2838:
Perhaps the most important commentaries for the Chinese Huayan school are Fazang's commentary on the
2584:
2565:(Korean Zen). The influence of Huayan teachings can be found in the works of the seminal Seon figure
2403:
2391:
The doctrines of the Huayan school ended up having profound impact on the philosophical attitudes of
1778:
Thirty gāthās on the Contemplation of the Dharma-realm and Seven syllables of the title of the Huayan
1643:
1202:
1159:
1038:
897:
654:
8287:
5717:
Makio, Takemura, "Kukai's Esotericism and Avatamsaka Thought", in Gimello at al. (2012), pp. 353-55.
4246:
4168:
3975:(理, the ultimate principle), which is associated with the concepts of "true emptiness", “One Mind” (
3769:
The practice of Buddha contemplation was promoted by various figures, such as the Huayan patriarchs
2440:(1072–1132). Likewise, Huayan thought was important to some Chinese Pure Land thinkers, such as the
1608:. The school stagnated even further in the conflicts and confusion of the late Tang dynasty and the
10368:
9720:
9534:
9512:
9505:
9408:
8941:
8561:
8377:
8322:
7943:
7749:
7576:
Buddhism in China: A Historical Survey. In Antonio S. Cua (ed.): Encyclopedia of Chinese Philosophy
5204:
3341:
interdependent and interconnected with them, it remains a ground which is empty of self-existence (
3180:
The Buddhist doctrine of interpenetration also has several further implications in Huayan thought:
3034:
the dependent arising of the whole realm of phenomena), which is Huayan's unique interpretation of
2961:
2341:
2120:
1942:(contemplation of the Buddha) was a universal method suitable for everyone which was taught in the
1326:
1142:
The full sutra was translated into Chinese three times (in versions of 40, 60, and 80 fascicles or
887:
616:
335:
4699:
Translating Totality in Parts: Chengguan's commentaries and subcommentaries to the Avatamska Sutra
3997:事事無礙), which refers to how "all distinct phenomenal dharmas interfuse and penetrate in all ways" (
3489:). Fazang calls this "the teaching of the existence of dharmas and the non-existence of the self".
3459:
2965:
2554:(1089–1163) as two Song era Chan figures which drew on Huayan teachings. The Ming era Chan master
2467:, the Fifth Patriarch of the Huayan school, occupies a prominent position in the history of Chán.
2251:
1686:
which he saw as "the mother of all Buddhas and the life of all bodhisattvas" and also drew on the
892:
10305:
10285:
9616:
9596:
9353:
9083:
8327:
6897:, 청대 팽소승(彭紹升)의 화엄염불론과 법신설 김영진. Korea Journal of Buddhist Studies 31 December 2012. pp. 77 ~ 119.
6895:"Huayan Pure Land Theory and the Theory of Dharma-body by Peng Shaosheng During the Qing Dynasty"
6044:
The Manifestation of the Absolute in the Phenomenal World: Nature Origination in Huayan Exegesis.
4205:. These structures would often be filled or inscribed with dharanis, sutras, or mantras like the
2036:
1731:
1727:
1234:
T1484). Xuangao's tradition is also associated with Chinese meditation cave grottoes such as the
20:
3569:, which is non-verbal and non-conceptual. This was associated with Vimalakirti's silence in the
3273:
2604:
2293:
Photo of the Buddha Hall of Upper Huayan Temple (between 1937 and 1945 ), Datong, Shanxi, China.
2270:
and as a great Pure Land thinker. His Pure Land thought is most systematically expressed in his
1567:
were particularly influential on later Chan Buddhists, who often preferred his interpretations.
1249:
The origins of some of the teachings of the Huāyán school proper can also be traced back to the
925:
10315:
10155:
9823:
9793:
9566:
9517:
9358:
9306:
9301:
9063:
8884:
8781:
8533:
8528:
8277:
5943:
Numinous Awareness Is Never Dark: The Korean Buddhist Master Chinul's Excerpts on Zen Practice,
4050:
The meditative teachings of Li Tongxuan were especially influential on the Japanese Kegon monk
3277:
3035:
2337:
1746:(960-1279). Tang era Huayan commentaries which had been dispersed were returned in 1085 by the
1605:
1075:
920:
8645:
5205:"What is Our Shared Sensory World?: Ming Dynasty Debates on Yogacara versus Huayan Doctrines."
4271:
The Japanese Kegon school was known for adopting many esoteric mantras and practices from the
4009:
Regarding the practical application of this teaching, Baiting Xufa correlated the practice of
3219:
Furthermore, according to the lay Huayan master Li Tongxuan, all things are just the one true
1189:
tradition grew up around the text in order to explain it. The first translation of the larger
10320:
10290:
9871:
9803:
9636:
9551:
9546:
9470:
9465:
9383:
7913:
7521:
4212:
The synthesis of Esoteric Buddhist practice with Huayan Buddhism remained popular during the
2827:
2821:
2289:
1978:
1970:
1227:
275:
8936:
7731:
3251:
Another important metaphysical framework used by Huayan patriarchs is that of principle (理,
2115:
transmission of Huayan. Huayan studies were founded in Japan in 736 when the scholar-priest
2059:
Temples formed two sub-sects of Hwaeom who disputed with each other on matters of doctrine.
1848:(1399-1435) to the imperial palace to preside over the copying of ornate manuscripts of the
739:
10343:
10310:
10295:
9813:
9710:
9656:
9541:
9480:
9448:
9443:
9428:
9413:
9403:
9368:
9281:
8973:
8896:
8199:
8139:
7888:
7855:
7805:
4334:
Similarly, according to Gimello, Huayan master Li Tongxuan understands the path as follows:
4312:
3576:
3416:
3382:
3150:
with all other parts of the whole, since they all mutually form the whole without conflict.
1954:." Similarly, for Peng Shaosheng, Amitabha was synonymous with the Vairocana Buddha of the
1927:
631:
10183:
8798:
8667:
8593:
8469:
8207:
7601:
7420:
Universal Enlightenment, An introduction to the teachings and practices of Huayen Buddhism
3730:
3553:
3392:
2904:
interfusion, and the six characteristics of all dharmas) which was inspired by scripture.
2259:
8:
10150:
10029:
9863:
9838:
9828:
9788:
9765:
9648:
9621:
9581:
9500:
9490:
9418:
9345:
8776:
8633:
8414:
8392:
8344:
8164:
7964:
7820:
7800:
7636:
7322:
Williams, Paul. Mahayana Buddhism the doctrinal foundations, 2nd edition, 2009, page 144.
6823:
Williams, Paul. Mahayana Buddhism the doctrinal foundations, 2nd edition, 2009, page 145.
6201:
Williams, Paul. Mahayana Buddhism the doctrinal foundations, 2nd edition, 2009, page 141.
5834:
3698:
3658:
3450:
tanka painting depicting the Huayan assemblies. It is a national treasure of South Korea.
3261:
3185:
2923:
2546:, Huayan metaphysics were further assimilated by the various Chan lineages. Cleary names
2392:
902:
570:
562:
205:
8124:
8051:
4897:
4349:
3478:
3212:
2685:
10213:
10118:
9960:
9923:
9918:
9848:
9798:
9745:
9740:
9611:
9606:
9601:
9591:
9576:
9561:
9556:
9495:
9475:
9438:
9363:
9168:
8869:
8793:
8671:
8613:
8454:
8354:
8282:
8257:
7903:
7833:
7583:
6969:
6138:
5959:
5689:
5192:
Enlightenment in Dispute: The Reinvention of Chan Buddhism in Seventeenth-Century China
5066:
3202:
3192:
2969:
2089:
1917:
1239:
1221:
teaches the "sudden teaching" (while other Mahayana texts teach the gradual teaching).
1198:
1070:
991:
882:
699:
61:
10012:
5970:
Williams, Paul, Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations, Routledge, 2008, p. 133.
4556:
Williams, Paul, Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations, Routledge, 2008, p. 132.
4116:. Jueyuan, a Huayan monk from Yuanfu Temple during the Liao Dynasty and author of the
2642:
The sutra is filled with mystical and visionary imagery, focusing on figures like the
2308:
In 1914, Huayan University, the first modern Buddhist monastic school, was founded in
1638:
The Liao and Xia Huayan traditions were more syncretic, adopting elements of Zongmi's
10391:
10353:
10049:
10034:
9997:
9982:
9755:
9671:
9586:
9423:
9388:
9373:
9100:
9090:
8771:
8618:
8603:
8474:
8397:
8317:
8252:
8184:
8071:
7828:
7702:
7681:
7661:
7644:
7621:
7560:
7557:
Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism (Asiatische Forschungen Vol. 151)
7544:
7527:
7507:
7489:
7474:
7303:
7232:
7211:
7190:
7149:
7129:
7106:
7086:
7009:
6989:
6784:
6573:
6511:
6303:
6186:
5842:
5677:
5667:
5513:
5476:
5459:
5442:
5070:
5058:
4703:
4206:
3571:
3198:
Practicing any single Buddhist teaching entails the practicing of all other teachings
3139:) as far as it is a numerically distinct particular that is different from the whole.
3027:
2932:
is the whole of reality, the totality of all things. Thus, Huayan seeks to provide a
2810:
2490:
2267:
2236:
pure land, thus providing a Kegon alternative to popular Japanese Pure Land methods.
2112:
1687:
1587:
1359:, c. 557–640), a monk who was known as a meditator master and who was devoted to the
358:
9335:
8129:
8029:
7620:: An Introduction to Hua-Yen Buddhism, University of Hawaii Press; Reprint edition.
6894:
4843:
3874:
3238:
The Huayan doctrines of interfusion and non-duality also leads to several seemingly
1912:(1644-1912), Huayan philosophy continued to develop and exert a strong influence on
534:
to be the ultimate teaching of the Buddha. It also draws on other sources, like the
10039:
9992:
9987:
9843:
9808:
9783:
9778:
9529:
9485:
9398:
9073:
8729:
8722:
8506:
8496:
8382:
8046:
7918:
6916:
6736:
6455:
6240:
6051:
5756:
5050:
4679:
4541:
4272:
4227:
4223:
4151:
4082:
4066:
3945:
3827:, T.310), which entails contemplating the form of a Buddha by using a Buddha image.
3770:
3743:
2888:
which is said to have been written to explain Huayan's view of interpenetration to
2613:
2484:
2255:
2240:
2225:
2201:
2155:
1913:
1795:
1784:華嚴 七字經題法界觀三十門頌, Taisho no. 1885). Some of his other works have survived in Tangut.
1683:
1655:
1579:
1441:
1263:
1235:
1119:
1014:
986:
774:
734:
588:
558:
478:
119:
82:
9118:
5760:
5234:
Path of No Path: Contemporary Studies on Pure Land Buddhism Honoring Roger Corless
5054:
3049:), because any dharma penetrates and is penetrated by the totality of all things.
2975:
Some key elements of Huayan philosophy are: the interpenetration and interfusion (
2764:
was also seen as an important scripture in Huayan. Various Huayan masters saw the
2172:
1528:
10424:
10403:
10348:
10300:
10228:
10098:
9896:
9876:
9818:
9730:
9393:
9291:
9138:
8874:
8857:
8842:
8820:
8372:
8242:
8076:
8056:
4420:
4280:
4039:(635-730) developed a unique meditative practice based on the 9th chapter of the
3420:
2944:
2536:
2472:
2360:
2263:
2229:
1651:
1282:
Lingbian (靈辨, 477–522) was another early figure who studied and commented on the
1243:
1019:
659:
9148:
8302:
8292:
7249:
6858:
6834:"Recite the Chapter on Samantabhadra Bodhisattva's Practices and Vows | 加拿大靈巖山寺"
6800:
5086:"Review of "A Study of the Thoughts of the Song dynasty Huayan" School 宋代華嚴思想研究"
5038:
3873:
Huayan Pure Land practice also sometimes included devotion to bodhisattvas like
3611:
3497:
2800:
The Huayen patriarchs wrote numerous other commentaries and original treatises.
2460:
2192:
1571:
1506:
10358:
10061:
9911:
9693:
9273:
9253:
9173:
8862:
8852:
8786:
8623:
8109:
7972:
7338:
Wright, Dale. “The ‘Thought of Enlightenment’ In Fa-tsang's Hua-yen Buddhism.”
6459:
6244:
5221:
A Brief History of the Relationship Between Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism,
5153:
4545:
4373:
3793:
3774:
3717:
3702:
3502:
3066:
2789:
2555:
2502:
2464:
2413:
During the post-Tang era, Huayan (along with Chan) thought also influenced the
1932:
1856:
1845:
1496:
1484:
1453:
1417:
1385:
1350:
794:
789:
482:
414:
140:
7273:
5681:
4652:
Buddhism Across Asia: Networks of Material, Intellectual and Cultural Exchange
4001:). This is also described as “universal pervasion and complete accommodation.”
3663:
The Practice of Samantabhadra's Huayan Dharma Realm Aspiration and Realization
1950:
as reflections of the “one true mind” (yixin 一心, zhenxin 真心) or the "one true
1438:(in collaboration with various figures, including Śikṣānanda) in 80 fascicles.
219:
10418:
10128:
9977:
9286:
9188:
9046:
8847:
8825:
8761:
8432:
8227:
8222:
8114:
7783:
7657:, Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 6 (1), 31 - 60
5062:
4324:
4121:
4110:
3980:
3599:
3524:
3308:
3050:
2551:
2532:
2512:
2433:
2380:
2250:(1240–1321), who was a great scholar (who studied numerous schools including
1898:
1624:
1617:
1205:
produced a full Chinese translation of the text. There is also evidence of a
877:
867:
844:
779:
764:
621:
8586:
8576:
7948:
6740:
6055:
5733:. Journal of the international Association of Buddhist Studies 17 (1), 26-65
3850:
3405:
3208:
The past contains the future and vice versa, all, three times are interfused
3108:六相圓融). Each element of the six characteristics refers to a specific kind of
2591:
frontispiece in gold and silver text on indigo blue paper, mid 14th century.
10218:
10203:
10173:
10123:
10113:
9955:
9750:
9243:
9078:
8956:
8744:
8739:
8566:
8437:
8312:
7773:
5661:
4308:
4113:
4071:
3854:
3786:
3559:
3319:
This is a key idea in Huayan thought which is called "nature-origination" (
3304:
3077:
2547:
2543:
2520:
2516:
2441:
1909:
1833:
1743:
1620:
1570:
Another important Huayan figure of the Tang era was Fazang's main disciple
1322:
1250:
971:
809:
784:
550:
438:
175:
126:
9001:
8986:
8946:
8643:
8307:
7883:
6636:
Susumu, Otake, "Sakyamuni and Vairocana", in Gimello at al. (2012), p. 39.
6627:
Susumu, Otake, "Sakyamuni and Vairocana", in Gimello at al. (2012), p. 38.
6618:
Susumu, Otake, "Sakyamuni and Vairocana", in Gimello at al. (2012), p. 37.
6012:
Buddhist Spirituality: Indian, Southeast Asian, Tibetan, and Early Chinese
4683:
4077:
3661:. These various elements might also be combined in ritual manuals such as
3312:
2737:
1829:, which has been a key center for Huayan Buddhism since the Song dynasty.
10188:
10017:
9158:
9143:
8926:
8734:
8662:
8442:
8272:
8174:
8021:
7893:
7455:
Ch'an Hermeneutics: A Korean View. In: Donald S. Lopez, Jr. (ed.)(1993),
7393:
Budapest: Institute of East Asian Studies, Eötvös Loránd University 2016.
7083:
Philosopher, Practitioner, Politician: The many lives of Fazang (643-712)
6781:
Philosopher, Practitioner, Politician: The many lives of Fazang (643-712)
6570:
Philosopher, Practitioner, Politician: The many lives of Fazang (643-712)
6183:
Philosopher, Practitioner, Politician: The many lives of Fazang (643-712)
5958:
Journal of World Philosophies 6 (Winter 2021): 17–30. e-ISSN: 2474-1795.
5633:
4939:"The Tangut Text of Suiyuan ji and the History of Chan Buddhism in Xixia"
4239:
4036:
3957:
3755:
3624:
3329:
Nature Origination of the Jewel King Tathagata (Baowang rulai xingqi pin,
3059:
3024:
3009:
A key doctrine of Huayan is the mutual containment and interpenetration (
2955:
2928:
2914:
2871:
2760:
2729:
2643:
2562:
2449:
2302:
2007:
1951:
1893:
influential on some of the most eminent monks of the Ming era, including
1826:
1639:
1632:
1628:
1560:
1536:
981:
976:
961:
834:
754:
749:
486:
10178:
8638:
6973:
6920:
3759:
3620:
2233:
2213:
2168:
2097:
2048:
1947:
1722:
1314:
10133:
10091:
9967:
9773:
9698:
9312:
9296:
9258:
9238:
9133:
9108:
9016:
8951:
8931:
8677:
8608:
8479:
8362:
8332:
8267:
8217:
7875:
7865:
7838:
7227:
Orzech, Charles D; Sorensen, Henrik Hjort; Payne, Richard Karl (2011).
7206:
Orzech, Charles D; Sorensen, Henrik Hjort; Payne, Richard Karl (2011).
7185:
Orzech, Charles D; Sorensen, Henrik Hjort; Payne, Richard Karl (2011).
7144:
Orzech, Charles D; Sorensen, Henrik Hjort; Payne, Richard Karl (2011).
7124:
Orzech, Charles D; Sorensen, Henrik Hjort; Payne, Richard Karl (2011).
7101:
Orzech, Charles D; Sorensen, Henrik Hjort; Payne, Richard Karl (2011).
6337:
6335:
4328:
4268:
alphabet, which is a contemplation found in various Mahayana sources).
3650:
3511:
3482:
3374:
3346:
3081:. Thus, each jewel contains the entire net of jewels reflected within.
3015:
2889:
2689:
2657:
2654:
2628:
2623:
is not a systematic philosophical work, though it does contain various
2498:
2468:
2278:
2182:
2101:
1532:
1258:
966:
804:
769:
744:
674:
554:
542:
9153:
8149:
7278:
Master Hsintao-The entire universe is just a manifestation of the mind
1143:
10108:
10081:
9248:
9123:
8835:
8751:
8628:
8518:
8491:
8484:
8447:
8404:
8367:
8134:
8099:
8066:
8041:
7996:
7631:
Fa Zang (2014). "Rafter Dialogue" and "Essay on the Golden Lion," in
7467:
The Buddhist teaching of Totality. The Philosophy of Hwa Yen Buddhism
4356:) was a unique feature of Huayan and was first introduced by Fazang.
4265:
3905:). Some key Huayan sources which discuss meditation include Dushun's
3763:
3747:
3386:
3370:
3228:
3109:
2988:
2984:
2661:
2650:
2635:, as well as mentioning a pure untainted awareness or consciousness (
2429:
2421:) faction, and a debate ensued between them and the "home mountain" (
2372:
2313:
2040:
1524:
1474:
T. 1735), along with his sub-commentary to it (T. 1736), soon became
1427:
1399:
1287:
1272:
829:
546:
154:
65:
53:
49:
9881:
8717:
8571:
8337:
8119:
7988:
7980:
6483:
https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2019/entries/buddhism-huayan/
6332:
6325:
Hamar, Imre. "Chengguan's Theory of Four Dharma-dhātus Imre Hamar",
6101:"Buddha-nature (as Depicted in the Lankavatara-sutra), Introduction"
3486:
2523:, also drew on Huayan texts and commentaries, such as Li Tongxuan's
2437:
2247:
2186:
10398:
10238:
10193:
10138:
10103:
10007:
9666:
9233:
9228:
9178:
9113:
9031:
8996:
8991:
8652:
8523:
8511:
8422:
8081:
7778:
5441:
Djun Kil Kim, 《The History of Korea: 2nd edition》, ABC-CLIO, 2014.
4320:
3566:
3507:
3493:
3474:
3443:
3397:
3342:
3093:
2725:
2632:
2624:
2507:
2445:
2309:
2052:
2044:
1974:
1902:
1513:) and various Huayan commentaries. He was particularly fond of the
1186:
839:
799:
704:
689:
679:
664:
430:
422:
382:
161:
9223:
9213:
9198:
9021:
8891:
8159:
7442:
Sudden and Gradual. Approaches to Enlightenment in Chinese Thought
5956:“To Be is To Inter-Be”: Thich Nhat Hanh on Interdependent Arising.
4167:
Important esoteric texts used in the Liao tradition included the:
3259:. 'Principle' is the ultimate reality, which is ultimate reality (
3195:) and goodness is understood as interpenetrating impurity and evil
2569:. Jinul was especially influenced by the writings of Li Tongxuan.
2407:
2116:
2062:
The Hwaôm school remained the predominant doctrinal school in the
1294:
survive, being the earliest significant Chinese commentary on the
10143:
10086:
10071:
9218:
9208:
9183:
9058:
9053:
9011:
8981:
8913:
8879:
8766:
8707:
8702:
8556:
8459:
8297:
8247:
8034:
7860:
6398:
Entry into the Inconceivable: An Introduction to Hua-yen Buddhism
5930:
Entry into the Inconceivable: An Introduction to Hua-yen Buddhism
5917:
Entry into the Inconceivable: An Introduction to Hua-yen Buddhism
5821:
Entry into the Inconceivable: An Introduction to Hua-yen Buddhism
4885:
Entry into the Inconceivable: An Introduction to Hua-yen Buddhism
4824:
Entry into the Inconceivable: An Introduction to Hua-yen Buddhism
4795:
Entry into the Inconceivable: An Introduction to Hua-yen Buddhism
4782:
Entry into the Inconceivable: An Introduction to Hua-yen Buddhism
4300:
4131:
4093:
3894:
3890:
3782:
3721:
A Mandala inside Huayan Temple with Maitreya Buddha at its center
3654:
3463:
3239:
2501:
based on Huayan's Fourfold Dharmadhatu teaching. The influential
2494:
2414:
2333:
2067:
2056:
1889:
1876:
1811:
1773:
1755:
1751:
1163:
872:
849:
824:
759:
724:
714:
709:
694:
524:
8830:
8598:
7732:
Flower Adornment Sutra - Hua Yan Jing - Avatamsaka Original Text
7028:
4276:
4209:. Pillars inscribed with dhāraṇīs and mantras were also common.
4051:
3246:
3045:). Furthermore, according to Fazang “one in many, many in one” (
2217:
2209:
1708:
The Meaning of the Luminous One-Mind of the Ultimate One Vehicle
39:
10223:
10208:
10044:
9906:
9886:
9661:
9323:
9203:
9193:
9128:
8756:
8712:
8697:
8687:
8657:
8581:
8232:
8104:
7848:
7843:
7391:
Faith in Buddhism. Budapest Monographs in East Asian Studies 6.
6725:
The P'an-Chiao System of the Hua-Yen School in Chinese Buddhism
6534:, p. 189. Asiatische Forschungen 191. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
6387:, p. 189. Asiatische Forschungen 151. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
5801:
The Records of Mazu and the Making of Classical Chan Literature
5788:
The Records of Mazu and the Making of Classical Chan Literature
4844:"華嚴源流與傳承 / A Historical Overview of the Huayen School – 美國華嚴蓮社"
4202:
4198:
4089:
4010:
3998:
3878:
3778:
3735:
3683:
Bhadracaryāpraṇidhāna (The Aspiration Prayer for Good Conduct),
3639:
3447:
3412:
3136:
3089:
3054:
2933:
2897:
2881:
2867:
2801:
2703:
2576:, particularly his understanding of emptiness as "Interbeing".
2376:
2364:
2317:
2221:
2197:
2138:
2075:
2063:
2028:
2016:
2002:
1998:
1939:
1799:
1747:
1505:, c. 780–841), who is also known for also being a patriarch of
1405:
1373:
1338:
1079:
729:
669:
504:
474:
470:
456:
406:
238:
7059:印度學佛教學研究 . Volume 66 n.1 (總號, n.143), 2017.12.20, pp. 88 - 93.
6153:
5236:, p. 115. Numata Center for Buddhist Translation and Research.
2987:
framework of the three natures (sanxing) and a unique view of
2368:
1369:
Discernments of the Huayan Dharmadhātu (Huayan fajie guanmen).
1166:
147–189) in the latter part of the second century CE, and the
1090:
10363:
10198:
10056:
10022:
10002:
9972:
9901:
9318:
9163:
9041:
9036:
9006:
8961:
8808:
8803:
8682:
8387:
8212:
8179:
8169:
6510:. Indianapolis, Indiana: Hackett Publishing. pp. 80–87.
6508:
Readings in Later Chinese Philosophy: Han to the 20th century
4959:
4235:
4231:
4194:
3836:
Sutra on the samadhi-ocean of the contemplation of the Buddha
3628:
3232:
2681:
2572:
Huayan thought has also been influential on the worldview of
2566:
2345:
1988:
1985:
1884:, which was a center of Huayan studies during the late Ming.
819:
814:
719:
684:
516:
512:
508:
434:
298:
252:
187:
69:
6235:
Fox, Alan. (2013). "The Huayan Metaphysics of Totality." In
5508:
see: Gimello, Robert; Girard, Frédéric; Hamar, Imre (2012).
4516:
4514:
4512:
4510:
3750:, the Lotus Treasury World (Skt. Padmagarbha-lokadhātu; Ch.
3712:
3377:
Buddha, in some cases he is even identified with him in the
2999:
1742:, the Huayan lineage experienced a revival in the following
1706:
Another Liao Tangut work which survives from this period is
10233:
9026:
8692:
8189:
6004:
3927:
Cessation and Contemplation in the Five Teachings of Huayan
3785:(923–973) and Peng Shaosheng, a householder scholar of the
3428:
inanimate) in the "three realms", i.e. the entire universe.
2960:
as well as by the various Chinese Buddhist traditions like
2884:
wrote a number of other original Huayan treatises, such as
2848:
Record of Investigating the Mystery of the Avatamsaka sutra
2367:, which was followed in 1999 by the founding of the larger
1984:
In the 7th century, the Huayan school was transmitted into
1836:, the Huayan master Purui also wrote various Huayan works.
1635:, Zhifu (fl. during the reign of Liao Daozong, 1055–1101).
1024:
312:
6750:
6748:
6477:
Van Norden, Bryan and Nicholaos Jones, "Huayan Buddhism",
6450:
Fox, Alan. (2013). The Huayan Metaphysics of Totality. In
5640:
4536:
Fox, Alan. (2013). The Huayan Metaphysics of Totality. In
4043:. The practice, named "the contemplation of Buddhalight" (
3986:
This is the “non-obstruction of principle and phenomena” (
3884:
2768:
as a sutra of definitive (ultimate) meaning alongside the
2204:(Illuminated scrolls from the founders of the Kegon Sect).
1765:
commentary, while Zixuan is famed for his twenty-fascicle
9891:
8427:
6709:
p. 34. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Library.
6693:
p. 33. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Library.
6652:
p. 32. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Library.
6154:"Fazang (Fa-tsang) | Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy"
6127:, 禅文化研究所紀要 第32号(平成25年11月), Australian National University
5458:
Pyong-jo Chong, 《History of Buddhism》, Jimoondang, 2007.
5112:
A Study of the Thoughts of the Song dynasty Huayan School
4507:
3580:
3381:. Huayan generally sees Shakyamuni as an emanation body (
2968:. Huayan patriarchs were also influenced by non-buddhist
2788:
was also particularly important for the Huayan patriarch
2778:
to be a definitive sutra, and he wrote a commentary on it
2396:
2066:
Dynasty (918–1392). An important figure of this time was
1178:
sutras circulated on their own as individual scriptures.
566:
166:
5826:
4564:
4562:
1880:
A European illustration of the Bao'en monastery and the
1761:
Jingyuan is known for his sub-commentary to Chengguan's
1553:
Treatise on the new translation of the Avatamsaka Sutra)
7539:
Gimello, Robert; Girard, Frédéric; Hamar, Imre (2012).
7445:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers Private Limited
6859:"文殊清淨心。誦經禮懺行。普賢行願力。獲勝菩提道 — ABLS 春季華嚴誦經暨清明祭祖法會 – 美國華嚴蓮社"
6745:
4030:
3857:. This is "the true nature of the Buddha" according to
3433:
2964:, the buddha-nature schools like Shelun and Dilun, and
2680:
All these awakened activities and skillful techniques (
2529:
Treatise on the new translation of the Avatamsaka Sutra
7353:
Li T’ung-hsüan and the practical dimensions of Hua-yen
6017:
5897:
5770:
5768:
4279:
was known for his widespread promotion of the popular
2070:(923–973). He is known for his commentary on Uisang's
340:
6481:(Winter 2019 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), URL =
6204:
5430:
Buddhist Cults and the Hwaom Synthesis in Silla Korea
5413:
Buddhist Cults and the Hwaom Synthesis in Silla Korea
5396:
Buddhist Cults and the Hwaom Synthesis in Silla Korea
5363:
Buddhist Cults and the Hwaom Synthesis in Silla Korea
5346:
Buddhist Cults and the Hwaom Synthesis in Silla Korea
5329:
Buddhist Cults and the Hwaom Synthesis in Silla Korea
5298:
Buddhist Cults and the Hwaom Synthesis in Silla Korea
5281:
Buddhist Cults and the Hwaom Synthesis in Silla Korea
4559:
2979:) of all phenomena (dharmas), "nature origination," (
2515:, also draws on Huayan themes. In a similar fashion,
469:) as well as on the works of Huayan patriarchs, like
145:
131:
7176:
ed. Phyllis Granoff and Koichi Shinohara: pp. 71-85.
5960:
http://scholarworks.iu.edu/iupjournals/index.php/jwp
5839:
Discourse and Ideology in Medieval Japanese Buddhism
5415:, pp. 90, 95. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
5348:, pp. 89, 93. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
3575:
by Fazang. Chengguan also associated this with the "
3345:) and thus it is not an independent essence, like a
2428:
Huayan thought was also an important source for the
2262:) and led a revival of the Kegon school in the late
2239:
Over time, Kegon incorporated esoteric rituals from
2208:
Kegon thought would later be further popularized by
1690:. The combined use of both of these is found in the
1478:
authoritative commentaries to the sutra in East Asia
1172:
Book of the Original Acts that Adorn the Bodhisattva
280:
6550:
6545:
Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism
6532:
Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism
6385:
Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism
5765:
5744:
Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism
5655:
5653:
5651:
5649:
4638:
Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism
4522:
Reflecting Mirrors: Perspectives on Huayan Buddhism
4201:and statues were often empowered with dharanis and
3990:理事無礙), i.e. their interpenetration and interfusion.
3859:
The Perfection of Wisdom Sutra Preached by Mañjuśrī
3810:
The Perfection of Wisdom Sutra preached by Mañjuśrī
3725:Another practice which is often highlighted in the
3235:also taught the bodhisattva path in their own way.
3175:
3120:): each dharma (like a rafter) is characterized by
3069:, a teaching which may have been influenced by the
1426:, c. 643–712), who was the Buddhist teacher of the
1290:, and 12 fascicles of Lingbian's commentary to the
7504:Zen Buddhism: A History. Volume 1: India and China
7422:, p. 141. Kongting Publishing Company Ltd. Taiwan.
7070:Shingon Refractions: Myoe and the Mantra of Light,
6065:
6063:
5919:, pp. 17-18. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
5614:Shingon Refractions: Myoe and the Mantra of Light,
5601:Shingon Refractions: Myoe and the Mantra of Light,
5563:Shingon Refractions: Myoe and the Mantra of Light,
5495:McBride (II), Richard D.; Vermeersch, Sem (2012).
5374:McBride (II), Richard D.; Vermeersch, Sem (2012).
4941:In: Journal of Chan Buddhism, 2 (2020) 1–28 Brill.
4716:
2912:Huayan thought seeks to explain the nature of the
2487:also draws on Huayan metaphysics in his writings.
1931:”. Another influential figure was the lay scholar
1286:He is referred to by Fazang as a great devotee of
7519:
7300:Shingon Refractions: Myoe and the Mantra of Light
7034:
4762:
4702:. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America.
3950:Meditative Perspectives on the Huayan Dharmadhatu
3925:) attributed to Fazang. Another key text is the "
3877:. This promoted by figures like the Korean monks
2852:Extensive Commentary on the Buddhāvataṃsaka sutra
2831:(no. X368 in the supplement to the Taisho canon,
2684:) are said to lead all living beings through the
1574:(慧苑, 673–743) who also wrote a commentary on the
1197:era (c. 420–589), when a translation team led by
441:. The Huayan worldview is based primarily on the
10416:
6505:
5646:
5432:, p. 101. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
5398:, p. 109. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
5014:Feeding Ghosts: A Study of the Yuqie Yankou Rite
4994:Feeding Ghosts: A Study of the Yuqie Yankou Rite
4974:Feeding Ghosts: A Study of the Yuqie Yankou Rite
4431:Center for the Study of Language and Information
4290:
3500:, non-arising and lack of form, and include the
1519:, writing a commentary and sub-commentary to it.
569:, and some scholars even see Huayan as the main
224:
210:
6345:pp. 90-91. Pennsylvania State University Press.
6060:
5365:, p. 94. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
5331:, p. 91. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
5300:, p. 88. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
5283:, p. 86. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press.
5266:Journal of Chinese Buddhist Studies, Volume 20.
4414:
4109:practices was a feature of the Buddhism of the
3983:. This is the first level of Huayan meditation.
3023:, 圓融). This is associated with what is termed "
2340:. In 1989, they expanded their outreach to the
2266:era. He was also known as a great historian of
1150:The earliest Chinese texts associated with the
565:. Huayan thought was especially influential on
7229:Esoteric Buddhism and the tantras in East Asia
7208:Esoteric Buddhism and the tantras in East Asia
7187:Esoteric Buddhism and the tantras in East Asia
7146:Esoteric Buddhism and the tantras in East Asia
7126:Esoteric Buddhism and the tantras in East Asia
7103:Esoteric Buddhism and the tantras in East Asia
6048:Bulletin de l'École Française d'Extrême-Orient
5932:, p. 18. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
5823:, p. 17. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
4962:/HIJBS.202004_3(1).0003 (本文屬於專刊《宗教石刻研究與玄奘研究》).
4887:, p. 16. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
4826:, p. 15. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
4797:, p. 14. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
4784:, p. 13. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
4410:
4408:
4406:
3354:
3276:no. 1881), Fazang uses the statue of a golden
3215:) entails practicing in all bodhisattva stages
1997:). This tradition was transmitted by the monk
1818:), inspired by Tiantai methods as well as the
1782:Huayan qizi jing ti fajie guan sanshi men song
1586:According to Imre Hamar, Huiyuan compared the
1582:who criticized some of his doctrinal positions
492:Another common name for this tradition is the
363:
317:
303:
7757:
7520:Garfield, Jay L.; Edelglass, William (2011),
7174:Images in Asian Religions: Texts and Contexts
6438:(Winter 2019 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
6400:, p. 2. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
6089:(Winter 2019 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
5986:Mahayana Buddhism: The Doctrinal Foundations,
5945:pp. 45, 178, 230. University of Hawaii Press.
5832:
4504:(Winter 2019 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.).
3849:實相念), which entails the contemplation of the
3247:The ultimate principle and nature-origination
3146:): each dharma is characterized by a certain
2795:
2132:
1916:and its other traditions, including Chan and
1046:
400:
390:
101:
87:
8539:Basic points unifying Theravāda and Mahāyāna
6998:
6473:
6471:
6469:
6467:
6426:
6424:
6422:
4415:Van Norden, Bryan; Jones, Nicholaos (2019).
3685:sometimes called the "Vows of Samantabhadra"
1992:
1604:of the Huichang era (841–845), initiated by
1594:
257:
243:
7357:Mahayana Buddhism the doctrinal foundations
7006:Pure Land: History, Tradition, and Practice
6986:Pure Land: History, Tradition, and Practice
6594:Mahayana Buddhism the doctrinal foundations
5841:. Critical Studies in Buddhism. Routledge.
5659:
5132:Lagerwey, John; Marsone, Pierre (editors).
4403:
3323:). The term derives from chapter 32 of the
2874:also wrote influential commentaries on the
2001:(의상대사, 625–702), who had been a student of
1434:He also worked on a new translation of the
7764:
7750:
6770:, pp. 160-161. University of Hawaii Press.
6506:Tiwald, Justin; van Norden, Bryan (2014).
6327:Acta Orientalia Academiae Scientiarum Hung
6226:University of Hawaii Press, 2002, p. 9-10.
6224:Tsung-Mi and the Sinification of Buddhism,
5694:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
4582:Tsung-Mi and the Sinification of Buddhism,
4013:with the fourfold Dharmadhatu as follows:
3940:The theory of the "fourfold Dharmadhatu" (
3333:Tathâgata-utpatti-sambhava-nirdesa-sûtra).
3099:
2936:metaphysics that explains all of reality.
2862:T. 1735), and his sub-commentary (T. 1736)
2402:Huayan thought had a noticeable impact on
1839:
1555:, a popular and lengthy commentary on the
1304:
1130:There are various versions of the Chinese
1117:. One of the earliest of these texts, the
1053:
1039:
38:
7334:
7332:
7330:
7328:
7250:"果覺因心相符泯。一切智願趣菩提 — ABLS 歲末華嚴誦經會 – 美國華嚴蓮社"
7057:二人は李通玄の華厳思想に何を求めたのか――宋代中国の張商英と鎌倉時代の明恵―― .
6988:, pp. 132-135. Shambhala Publications,
6464:
6419:
6343:Hua-yen Buddhism: The Jewel Net of Indra,
4900:Acta Orientalia Hungaria 52.3–4, 283–292.
4695:
4155:are practised in sequence or in tandem."
3840:Sutra on the samadhi of seated meditation
3713:Contemplation of Buddhas and bodhisattvas
2991:Buddha as an all pervasive cosmic being.
2346:Huayan Lotus Society of the United States
2175:. Kegon would become known as one of the
500:being another name for patriarch Fazang).
7501:
7486:Hua-Yen Buddhism: The Jewel Net of Indra
7369:
7367:
7365:
6660:
6658:
6501:
6499:
6497:
6495:
6493:
6491:
6430:Van Norden, Bryan and Nicholaos Jones, "
6023:
5903:
5878:
4568:
4294:
4096:, such as the Xuanzang's version of the
4085:, a central figure in Huayan esotericism
4076:
4065:
3716:
3633:
3610:
3437:
3391:
3255:or the ultimate pattern) and phenomena (
3019:), also known as "perfect interfusion" (
2998:
2694:
2602:The Huayan school's central text is the
2583:
2288:
2191:
2088:
1969:
1875:
1721:
1308:
1193:(in 60 fascicles) is often dated to the
1069:
60:(right)), a triad venerated in Huayan –
9726:Banishment of Buddhist monks from Nepal
7726:The World of Shih & Li of Tung-Shan
7628:(Essays by Tang Dynasty Huayen masters)
7523:The Oxford Handbook of World Philosophy
7469:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers
7452:
7435:
7414:
7412:
7385:
7383:
7168:
7166:
7164:
7162:
7120:
7118:
6956:
6954:
6952:
6950:
6932:
6930:
6928:
6907:
6905:
6903:
6889:
6887:
6754:
6719:
6717:
6715:
6588:
6586:
6479:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
6446:
6444:
6436:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
6408:
6406:
6379:
6377:
6375:
6361:
6359:
6357:
6355:
6353:
6351:
6321:
6319:
6268:
6266:
6264:
6262:
6260:
6258:
6256:
6254:
6252:
6087:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
6081:Van Norden, Bryan and Nicholaos Jones,
6038:
6036:
6034:
6032:
5774:
5731:Anti-Chan Polemics in Post-Tang Tiantai
5036:
4584:University of Hawaii Press, 2002, p. 9.
4502:The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4496:Van Norden, Bryan and Nicholaos Jones,
4474:, chapter 1. Columbia University Press.
4187:Sutra on the Great Dharma Torch Dhāraṇī
3993:All events / phenomena interpenetrate (
3964:These four ways of seeing reality are:
3885:Meditation and the fourfold Dharmadhatu
3373:. Vairocana is closely associated with
3112:relation. The six characteristics are:
2939:Huayan philosophy is influenced by the
2804:for example, wrote commentaries on the
2743:
2448:(1535–1615) and the modern lay scholar
1501:
1458:
1422:
1390:
1355:
1313:13th century Japanese print of Fazang,
1138:華嚴經, "Splendid Flower Adornment Sutra")
10417:
9929:List of Buddhist architecture in China
7593:
7325:
7274:"The 42-syllable Mantra of Avatamsaka"
7231:, pp. 466-469. Leiden; Boston: Brill.
7210:, pp. 482-484. Leiden; Boston: Brill.
7189:, pp. 462-463. Leiden; Boston: Brill.
7128:, pp. 460-461. Leiden; Boston: Brill.
6605:LIN Weiyu 林威宇 (UBC): Vairocana of the
6556:
6308:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
6098:
5980:
5978:
5976:
5815:
5813:
5811:
5809:
5725:
5723:
5628:
5626:
5624:
5622:
5548:
5546:
5544:
5491:
5489:
5386:
5384:
5310:
5308:
5306:
5258:
5256:
5254:
5252:
5250:
5248:
5246:
5244:
5242:
5194:, p. 26. Oxford University Press, USA.
5186:
5184:
5182:
5180:
5178:
5176:
5174:
4879:
4877:
4875:
4838:
4836:
4834:
4832:
4674:
4672:
4670:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4662:
4660:
4207:Six syllable mantra of Avalokiteshvara
4099:Dhāraṇī of Avalokiteśvara-ekadaśamukha
2497:lineage, formulated his theory of the
2212:(1173–1232), the abbot and founder of
2027:). Another important Hwaôm figure was
7745:
7670:
7641:Readings in Later Chinese Philosophy.
7582:, New York: Routledge, archived from
7554:
7464:
7362:
7355:’, p. 335. Quoted in Williams, Paul.
7291:
6940:, vol. 6, no. 1, Apr. 2015, pp. 63+.
6655:
6547:(Asiatische Forschungen), pp. 190-93.
6488:
6416:, p. 164. University of Hawaii Press.
6210:
6001:, p. 163. University of Hawaii Press.
5499:p. 7. Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism.
5469:
5378:p. 5. Jogye Order of Korean Buddhism.
5128:
5126:
5124:
5122:
5032:
5030:
5028:
4933:
4931:
4929:
4927:
4917:
4915:
4865:
4863:
4805:
4803:
4751:
4749:
4686:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0517-3512
4614:
4612:
4597:, p. 161. University of Hawaii Press.
4492:
4490:
4488:
4486:
4484:
4482:
4480:
4466:
4464:
4462:
4460:
4400:, p. 160. University of Hawaii Press.
4392:
4390:
4388:
4061:
3907:Contemplation of the Realm of Reality
3211:Practicing in one bodhisattva stage (
2481:Contemplation of the Realm of Reality
1922:Short Commentary on the Amitabhasutra
7483:
7409:
7380:
7297:
7159:
7115:
6947:
6925:
6900:
6884:
6768:Chinese Buddhism: A Thematic History
6712:
6583:
6441:
6414:Chinese Buddhism: A Thematic History
6403:
6372:
6348:
6316:
6249:
6229:
6029:
5999:Chinese Buddhism: A Thematic History
4722:
4595:Chinese Buddhism: A Thematic History
4532:
4530:
4458:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4398:Chinese Buddhism: A Thematic History
4031:The contemplation of the buddhalight
3956:, 華嚴法界觀門) and its commentaries. The
3796:taught four types of buddhānusmṛti (
3672:
3615:Depiction of a Huayan ritual in the
3434:Classification of Buddhist teachings
2894:On the Meditation of the Dharmadhātu
2159:at Kinshōsen Temple (金鐘山寺, also 金鐘寺
2119:(689–773), originally a monk of the
7643:Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing.
7572:
7302:. Wisdom Press. pp. 1, 26–41.
7008:, pp. 134. Shambhala Publications,
6367:Encyclopedia of Chinese philosophy,
6146:
6130:
6117:
6092:
6069:
5973:
5806:
5720:
5619:
5541:
5486:
5435:
5381:
5303:
5239:
5208:Journal of Chinese Buddhist Studies
5171:
4909:Gimello et al. (2012), pp. 137-138.
4872:
4829:
4768:
4657:
4643:
4538:A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy,
4426:Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
4341:anticipatory and causative modality
4238:) also occurred in Buddhism of the
3830:“Contemplating the visualization” (
2994:
2246:Another important Kegon figure was
2123:tradition, invited the Korean monk
1804:Huáyán Pǔxián Xíngyuàn Xiūzhèng Yí,
637:Four Buddhist Persecutions in China
530:The Huayan tradition considers the
13:
9716:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
7610:
6452:A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy
6237:A Companion to Buddhist Philosophy
5639:(pp.341-411):(民國 85年), 臺北:中華佛學研究所,
5635:Ch'eng-kuan on the Hua-yen Trinity
5497:Hwaom I: The Mainstream Tradition,
5376:Hwaom I: The Mainstream Tradition,
5119:
5037:McBride, Richard D. (2020-01-02).
5025:
4924:
4912:
4860:
4800:
4746:
4609:
4477:
4385:
3893:. Huayan sources mentions two key
3853:, the true nature of all dharmas,
3167:Non-integration / disintegration (
2896:attributed to the first patriarch
2850:) in 60 fascicles and Chengguan's
2825:(Taisho no. 40, no. 1813) and the
2751:Awakening of Faith in the Mahayana
1926:Straightforward Commentary on the
1810:). These rites were influenced by
595:
14:
10446:
7712:
7105:, p. 459. Leiden; Boston: Brill.
5746:(Asiatische Forschungen), p. 312.
5574:
4956:by Liao Buddhist Master Daochen).
4527:
4524:(Asiatische Forschungen), p. 189.
4437:
4139:Xianmi yuantong chengfo xinyao ji
4092:promoted the practice of several
2892:. Another key Huayen treatise is
2856:Da fang-guang fo huayan jing shu,
2471:, the founder of the influential
2181:(南都六宗) or "Six Buddhist Sects of
2084:
1666:鏡心錄) and his esoteric influenced
1468:Da fang-guang fo huayan jing shu,
1398:, which were branches of Chinese
10397:
10387:
10386:
9944:Thai temple art and architecture
9689:Huichang persecution of Buddhism
7929:Iconography in Laos and Thailand
7795:
7782:
7772:
7719:Buddhism in a nutshell - Hua-yen
7396:
7345:
7316:
7266:
7242:
7221:
7200:
7179:
7148:, p. 92. Leiden; Boston: Brill.
7138:
7095:
7075:
7062:
7049:
7040:
7019:
6978:
6875:
6851:
6826:
6817:
6793:
6773:
6760:
6696:
6680:
6671:
6639:
6630:
6621:
6612:
6599:
6562:
6537:
6524:
6390:
6216:
6195:
6175:
6166:
5790:p. 207. Oxford University Press.
5083:
4654:, pp. 101-130. ISEAS Publishing.
4640:(Asiatische Forschungen), p. 174
4120:practiced esoteric rituals like
3971:All events are an expression of
3739:), contemplation of the Buddha.
3590:, lit. "Round") Teaching of the
3510:teachings on consciousness, and
3460:Five Periods and Eight Teachings
3176:Implications of interpenetration
3131:): a dharma is characterized by
2220:combined the Kegon lineage with
2072:Diagram of the Realm of Reality.
2037:five of Korea's sacred mountains
2013:Diagram of the Realm of Reality,
1789:Rites on Practicing the Vows of
1712:Jiujing yicheng yuan-ming xinyao
16:Tradition in East Asian Buddhism
10430:Buddhist philosophical concepts
7796:
7359:, 2nd edition, 2009, p. 144-45.
6329:. Volume 51 (1-2), 1-19 (1998).
6274:The Practice of Huayan Buddhism
6075:
5991:
5964:
5948:
5935:
5922:
5909:
5872:
5855:
5803:p. 86. Oxford University Press.
5793:
5780:
5749:
5736:
5711:
5702:
5606:
5593:
5568:
5555:
5523:
5502:
5452:
5418:
5401:
5368:
5351:
5334:
5317:
5286:
5269:
5226:
5213:
5197:
5146:
5102:
5077:
5005:
4985:
4965:
4958:《華林國際佛學學刊》第三卷‧第一期(2020):58–78;
4944:
4937:Solonin, Kirill; Zhang Yongfu.
4903:
4890:
4816:
4787:
4774:
4737:
4728:
4689:
4630:
4621:
4600:
4587:
3845:“Contemplating the true mark” (
3638:Huayen Puja at Yongmin Temple,
3485:which is grounded in not-self (
2595:
2369:Caotangshan Great Huayan Temple
1965:
1740:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
1717:
1672:Xianmi Yuantong chengfo xinyao,
1610:Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms
1547:, 635?-730), the author of the
188:
167:
9934:Japanese Buddhist architecture
9736:Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism
8816:Seven Factors of Enlightenment
8007:Places where the Buddha stayed
6783:, pp. 269-270. Leiden: Brill.
6050:. Tome 94, 2007. pp. 229-250;
5861:Kirchner, Thomas Yuho (2008).
5616:pp. 25-45. Simon and Schuster.
4954:Xianmi Yuantong Chengfo xinyao
4952:道㲀《顯密圓通成佛心要》新考(A New Study on
4921:Gimello et al. (2012), p. 139.
4574:
4550:
3897:, the ocean-seal samadhi (Ch.
3530:Mahāyāna Mahāparinirvāṇa Sūtra
3288:. According to Paul Williams:
3201:Ending one mental defilement (
3127:Particularity / distinctness (
3003:A 3D rendering of Indra's net.
2785:Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment
2493:(806–869), the founder of the
2200:(Uisang), a painting from the
2133:
1993:
1991:, where it is known as Hwaôm (
1888:During the sixteenth century,
1642:influenced Huayan, as well as
1544:
1516:Sutra of Perfect Enlightenment
1492:
1449:
1413:
1381:
1346:
1111:The Multitude of Buddhas Sutra
944:Buddhist architecture in China
503:The Huayan School is known as
461:
452:
401:
391:
341:
281:
225:
146:
132:
102:
88:
1:
9949:Tibetan Buddhist architecture
7085:, p. 269-270. Leiden: Brill.
7035:Garfield & Edelglass 2011
6543:Hamar, Imre (Editor). (2007)
6530:Hamar, Imre (Editor) (2007).
6383:Hamar, Imre (Editor) (2007).
6341:Cook, Francis Harold (1977).
6185:, pp. 66-325. Leiden: Brill.
6010:Takeuchi Yoshinori (editor).
5879:Leighton, Taigen Dan (2006).
5761:10.1080/23729988.2020.1763684
5742:Hamar, Imre (Editor). (2007)
5660:Hammerstrom, Erik J. (2020).
5223:pp. 396-397. Springer Nature.
5055:10.1080/23729988.2020.1763677
4696:Chengguan, Guo Cheen (2014).
4636:Hamar, Imre (Editor) (2007).
4520:Hamar, Imre (Editor) (2007).
4470:Hammerstrom, Erik J. (2020).
4379:
4319:The Huayan school defended a
4291:The path and sudden awakening
4193:) among others. In the Liao,
4105:The synthesis of Huayan with
4081:A Ming era hanging scroll of
4035:The lay scholar-practitioner
3804:“Contemplation of the name” (
3586:The Complete or Perfect (Ch:
2772:. Fazang also considered the
2344:by formally establishing the
2284:
2196:Zenmyō confesses her love to
1107:The Garland of Buddhas Sutra,
1010:Buddhist Association of China
9706:Buddhism and the Roman world
9682:Decline of Buddhism in India
9677:History of Buddhism in India
7777: Topics in
7618:Entry Into the Inconceivable
7460:, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass
7438:The "Short-cut" Approach of
5581:buddhiststudies.stanford.edu
5232:Payne, Richard Karl (2009).
5108:Yang Xiaodong (楊曉東) (2018),
5043:Studies in Chinese Religions
5022:University of Virginia, 2003
5002:University of Virginia, 2003
4982:University of Virginia, 2003
3937:contains all other dharmas.
3821:Great Jewel Collection Sutra
3667:Taisho Supplement, No. X1473
3419:Shakyamuni taught the other
2886:Treatise on the Golden Lion,
2404:East Asian Esoteric Buddhism
2386:
1767:Notes on the Meaning of the
1396:the Dilun and Shelun schools
433:tradition that developed in
7:
8904:Twenty-two vows of Ambedkar
8644:
7680:, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz,
7559:, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz,
7502:Dumoulin, Heinrich (2005),
7436:Buswell, Robert E. (1991),
6962:Journal of Korean Religions
6938:Journal of Korean Religions
5941:Buswell, Robert E. (2016).
5869:University of Hawaii Press.
5203:Brewster, Ernest Billings.
5143:, pp. 365-366. BRILL, 2014.
5116:Harvard-Yenching Institute.
4118:Dari jing yishi yanmi chao,
3606:
3396:A painting of Vairocana at
3385:) from the ultimate Buddha
3355:The Cosmic Buddha Vairocana
2907:
1776:. He is well known for his
1627:kingdom (1038-1227) of the
1334:These five patriarchs are:
557:, were very influential on
537:Mahayana Awakening of Faith
421:"Flower Garland," from the
10:
10451:
9854:The unanswerable questions
7653:Gregory, Peter N. (1983).
7465:Chang, Garma C.C. (1992),
7453:Buswell, Robert E (1993),
7428:
7072:p. 54. Simon and Schuster.
7004:Jones, Charles B. (2021).
6984:Jones, Charles B. (2021).
6460:10.1002/9781118324004.ch11
6245:10.1002/9781118324004.ch11
5603:p. 14. Simon and Schuster.
5565:p. 55. Simon and Schuster.
5110:Review of Wang Song (王頌).
5090:Harvard-Yenching Institute
4960:https://dx.doi.org/10.6939
4618:Hamar (2007), pp. 169-170.
4546:10.1002/9781118324004.ch11
4323:view. This is because the
4127:Vairocanābhisaṃbodhi Sūtra
4124:and Abhiseka based on the
4070:A Dharani Pillar from the
3948:meditation manual titled "
3901:) and the huayan samadhi (
3815:“Contemplating an image” (
3116:Wholeness / universality (
3088:”. Fazang argues that any
3047:yi zhong duo, duo zhong yi
2866:Other Huayan figures like
2796:Commentaries and treatises
2455:
2354:Huayan Studies Association
2153:) to give lectures on the
2031:(d. between 650 and 655).
1882:Porcelain Tower of Nanjing
1730:, likely built during the
1602:Great Buddhist Persecution
1158:(Taisho 280), produced by
1065:
18:
10382:
10334:
10249:
10164:
9939:Buddhist temples in Korea
9862:
9764:
9647:
9344:
9272:
9099:
8972:
8912:
8547:
8502:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
8413:
8405:Three planes of existence
8353:
8198:
8090:
8020:
8012:Buddha in world religions
7874:
7819:
7791:
6572:, p. 176. Leiden: Brill.
5134:Modern Chinese Religion I
4107:Chinese Esoteric Buddhist
3867:ten vows of Samantabhadra
3496:teachings which focus on
2627:teachings reminiscent of
2108:
1660:Account of Mirroring Mind
1644:Chinese Esoteric Buddhism
1595:Liao and Xia developments
371:
357:
352:
334:
329:
325:
318:
311:
304:
297:
292:
274:
269:
265:
258:
251:
244:
237:
232:
218:
204:
199:
181:
174:
160:
153:
139:
125:
118:
113:
109:
95:
81:
76:
37:
33:
28:
9721:Persecution of Buddhists
8942:Four stages of awakening
8323:Three marks of existence
7909:Physical characteristics
7594:Wright, Dale S. (1982),
7484:Cook, Francis H (1977),
6365:Cua, Antonio S. (2003).
5984:Williams, Paul, (2008).
5426:Domesticating the Dharma
5424:McBride, R.D.I. (2008).
5409:Domesticating the Dharma
5407:McBride, R.D.I. (2008).
5392:Domesticating the Dharma
5390:McBride, R.D.I. (2008).
5359:Domesticating the Dharma
5357:McBride, R.D.I. (2008).
5342:Domesticating the Dharma
5340:McBride, R.D.I. (2008).
5325:Domesticating the Dharma
5323:McBride, R.D.I. (2008).
5294:Domesticating the Dharma
5292:McBride, R.D.I. (2008).
5277:Domesticating the Dharma
5275:McBride, R.D.I. (2008).
3694:which could last years.
3423:, Vairocana teaches the
3359:In the cosmology of the
3270:Essay on the Golden Lion
3268:In Fazang's influential
2579:
2363:(Huayan Xuehui 華嚴學會) in
2342:United States of America
2137:; ;
1363:. He wrote several works
617:Buddhism in Central Asia
561:and also on the rest of
97:Traditional Chinese
46:Three Worthies of Huayan
9084:Ten principal disciples
7967:(aunt, adoptive mother)
7616:Cleary, Thomas (1995).
7351:Gimello, R. M. (1983) ‘
6741:10.1163/156853281X00038
6592:Williams, Paul (2009).
6454:, S.M. Emmanuel (Ed.).
6396:Cleary, Thomas (1993).
6369:pp. 254-257. Routledge.
6239:, S.M. Emmanuel (Ed.).
6099:Nguyen, Dac Sy (2012).
6056:10.3406/befeo.2007.6070
5954:Holst, Mirja Annalena.
5928:Cleary, Thomas (1993).
5915:Cleary, Thomas (1993).
5885:Ancient Dragon Zen Gate
5819:Cleary, Thomas (1993).
5799:Poceski, Mario (2015).
5786:Poceski, Mario (2015).
5729:Ziporyn, Brook (1994).
5641:http://www.chibs.edu.tw
5262:Liu, Kuei-Chieh (劉貴傑).
5219:Mou, Zhongjian (2023).
4883:Cleary, Thomas (1993).
4822:Cleary, Thomas (1993).
4809:King Pong Chiu (2016).
4793:Cleary, Thomas (1993).
4780:Cleary, Thomas (1993).
4755:King Pong Chiu (2016).
4275:school. The Kegon monk
4240:Western Xia (1038–1227)
4150:), with a focus on the
3653:rituals, recitation of
3205:) is ending all of them
3100:The six characteristics
3053:explains this Buddhist
2334:Huayan Buddhist College
2167:), the origin of later
1840:Ming and Qing dynasties
1732:Emperor Daozong of Liao
1728:Wanbu Huayanjing Pagoda
1305:Tang dynasty patriarchs
1091:Origins of the Chinese
21:Huayan (disambiguation)
9794:Buddhism and democracy
9307:Tibetan Buddhist canon
9302:Chinese Buddhist canon
8534:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
8529:Early Buddhist schools
7737:Articles by Imre Hamar
7506:, World Wisdom Books,
6766:Yü, Chün-fang (2020).
6723:Ming-Wood, L. (1981).
6596:, 2nd edition, p. 143.
6412:Yü, Chün-fang (2020).
5997:Yü, Chün-fang (2020).
5158:National Palace Museum
4627:Hamar (2007), pp. 171.
4593:Yü, Chün-fang (2020).
4396:Yü, Chün-fang (2020).
4370:
4345:
4316:
4165:
4086:
4074:
3915:The Ending of Delusion
3722:
3642:
3631:
3451:
3400:
3389:("The Illuminator").
3295:
3243:and time is violated.
3004:
2844:Huayan jing tanxuan ji
2722:
2707:
2702:illustration from the
2678:
2592:
2338:San Francisco Bay Area
2294:
2205:
2104:
1981:
1885:
1735:
1606:Emperor Wuzong of Tang
1318:
1267:(which is part of the
1185:appeared in China, an
1087:
921:Chinese Buddhist canon
627:Silk Road transmission
601:
439:Tang dynasty (618-907)
364:
211:
9804:Eight Consciousnesses
7914:Life of Buddha in art
7457:Buddhist Hermeneutics
7418:Prince, Tony (2014).
7081:Chen, Jinhua (2007).
7046:Hamar (2007), p. 228.
6942:Gale Academic OneFile
6779:Chen, Jinhua (2007).
6568:Chen, Jinhua (2007).
6181:Chen, Jinhua (2007).
5865:pp. 204-205, 253, 283
5833:Payne, Richard Karl;
5314:Hamar (2007), p. 227.
4684:10.38144/TKT.2022.1.1
4540:S.M. Emmanuel (Ed.).
4372:Similarly, patriarch
4365:
4336:
4298:
4191:Da faju tuoluoni jing
4160:
4158:According to Gimello:
4130:and the tradition of
4080:
4069:
3931:Huayan wujiao zhiguan
3720:
3637:
3614:
3503:Prajñaparamita sutras
3441:
3395:
3290:
3142:Identity / sameness (
3002:
2717:
2698:
2673:
2587:
2519:, the founder of the
2292:
2195:
2092:
1979:Jirisan National Park
1973:
1879:
1725:
1535:, and the lay master
1312:
1253:, which was based on
1181:As soon as the large
1102:Buddhāvataṃsaka Sūtra
1073:
599:
444:Buddhāvataṃsaka Sūtra
10281:East Asian religions
9711:Buddhism in the West
9282:Early Buddhist texts
8897:Four Right Exertions
8363:Ten spiritual realms
7856:Noble Eightfold Path
7671:Hamar, Imre (2007),
7589:on November 12, 2014
7573:Lai, Whalen (2003),
7555:Hamar, Imre (2007),
7488:, Penn State Press,
7342:(Fall 2001): 97-106.
7340:The Eastern Buddhist
6677:Cook (1977), p. 105.
6136:Hamar, Imre (2014).
5863:The Record of Linji,
5835:Leighton, Taigen Dan
4313:Nara National Museum
4260:Nīlakaṇthaka-dhāranī
4254:Usṇīsavijayā-dhāranī
4182:Nīlakaṇthaka-dhāranī
4176:Usṇīsavijayā-dhāranī
3954:Huayan Fajie Guanmen
3919:Return to the Source
3705:(1546-1623) and the
3577:sudden enlightenment
3517:Mulamadhyamakakarika
3043:yi ji duo, duo ji yi
3013:) of all phenomena (
2744:Other key scriptures
2610:Flower Garland Sutra
2326:Huayan Lotus Society
2185:". Rōben's disciple
2147:Korean pronunciation
2011:, also known as the
1928:Amitāyurdhyāna Sūtra
1822:and Huayan thought.
632:Dunhuang manuscripts
532:Flower Garland Sutra
467:Flower Garland Sutra
19:For other uses, see
10404:Religion portal
10151:Temple of the Tooth
10030:Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi
9069:Upāsaka and Upāsikā
8562:Bodhipakkhiyādhammā
8345:Two truths doctrine
8165:Mahapajapati Gotamī
7965:Mahapajapati Gotamī
7637:Bryan W. Van Norden
7298:Unno, Mark (2004).
7068:Unno, Mark (2004).
6921:10.3390/rel13080691
6702:Lin, Weiyu (2021).
6686:Lin, Weiyu (2021).
6645:Lin, Weiyu (2021).
5632:Gimello, Robert M.
5612:Unno, Mark (2004).
5599:Unno, Mark (2004).
5561:Unno, Mark (2004).
4216:(1115–1234), where
3819:觀像念), based on the
3617:Daibutsu Engi Emaki
3579:" teachings of the
3135:(e.g. any specific
2966:Madhyamaka (Sanlun)
2945:Mahayana scriptures
2924:East Asian Buddhism
2817:Awakening of Faith,
2525:Xin Huayan Jing Lun
2393:East Asian Buddhism
2272:Jōdo hōmon genrushō
2129:traditional Chinese
2121:East Asian Yogācāra
1676:Mahāvairocana sūtra
1623:(916-1125) and the
1563:'s writings on the
1549:Xin Huayan Jing Lun
1213:(386-581) era. The
1082:, built during the
903:Humanistic Buddhism
571:Buddhist philosophy
567:Chan (Zen) Buddhism
563:East Asian Buddhism
387:traditional Chinese
206:Vietnamese alphabet
10326:Western philosophy
9924:Dzong architecture
9746:Vipassana movement
9741:Buddhist modernism
9169:Emperor Wen of Sui
8937:Pratyekabuddhayāna
8870:Threefold Training
8672:Vipassana movement
8388:Hungry Ghost realm
8208:Avidyā (Ignorance)
8155:Puṇṇa Mantānīputta
7904:Great Renunciation
7899:Eight Great Events
7781:
7724:Chang Chung-Yuan,
6272:Fox, Alan (2015).
6222:Gregory, Peter N.
5988:p. 136. Routledge.
5138:Song-Liao-Jin-Yuan
5114:(宋代華嚴思想研究) (2008).
4896:Hamar, Imre 1999.
4580:Gregory, Peter N.
4317:
4303:Pilgrimage in the
4245:Dharanis like the
4087:
4075:
4062:Esoteric practices
3752:Lianhuazang shijie
3723:
3643:
3632:
3536:Awakening of Faith
3475:Hinayana teachings
3452:
3401:
3300:Awakening of Faith
3005:
2970:Chinese philosophy
2950:Awakening of Faith
2756:Dasheng Qixin Lun,
2708:
2688:and eventually to
2686:bodhisattva stages
2593:
2483:). Mazu's student
2359:2019-09-30 at the
2295:
2206:
2105:
1982:
1935:(彭紹升, 1740–1796).
1886:
1806:Taisho Supplement
1736:
1502:Kuei-feng Tsung-mi
1319:
1261:commentary to the
1240:Maijishan Grottoes
1228:Brahma's Net Sūtra
1211:Northern Dynasties
1195:Southern Dynasties
1088:
992:White Horse Temple
602:
397:simplified Chinese
62:Dazu Rock Carvings
10435:Buddhism in China
10412:
10411:
10050:Om mani padme hum
9756:Women in Buddhism
9672:Buddhist councils
9542:Western countries
9330:Madhyamakālaṃkāra
9091:Shaolin Monastery
8668:Samatha-vipassanā
8278:Pratītyasamutpāda
8082:Metteyya/Maitreya
8000:
7992:
7984:
7976:
7968:
7960:
7952:
7829:Four Noble Truths
7697:on April 12, 2014
7604:on April 12, 2014
7549:978-3-447-06678-5
7513:978-0-941532-89-1
7254:www.huayenusa.org
7237:978-90-04-20401-0
7216:978-90-04-20401-0
7195:978-90-04-20401-0
7154:978-90-04-20401-0
7134:978-90-04-20401-0
7111:978-90-04-20401-0
7091:978-90-04-15613-5
7014:978-1-61180-890-2
6994:978-1-61180-890-2
6863:www.huayenusa.org
6805:www.huayenusa.org
6789:978-90-04-15613-5
6578:978-90-04-15613-5
6191:978-90-04-15613-5
6123:Jorgensen, John.
6105:www.wisdomlib.org
6083:"Huayan Buddhism"
5673:978-0-231-55075-8
5575:Mross, Michaela.
5518:978-3-447-06678-5
5190:Jiang Wu (2011).
4950:劉泳斯(LIU Yongsi).
4848:www.huayenusa.org
4498:"Huayan Buddhism"
4417:"Huayan Buddhism"
4305:Gandhavyuha sutra
3808:稱名念), modeled on
3707:Republican Period
3673:Textual practices
3572:Vimalakirti sutra
3554:Ratnagotravibhaga
3548:Srimaladevi sutra
3527:sources like the
3514:sources like the
3361:Avatamsaka sutra,
3106:liuxiang yuanrong
3036:dependent arising
3028:pratityasamutpada
2811:Lankavatara Sutra
2775:Lankavatara sutra
2740:is not present."
2667:According to the
2491:Dongshan Liangjie
2299:Republican Period
2268:Japanese Buddhism
2107:Kegon (Japanese:
1576:Avatamsaka Sutra.
1511:Chan Prolegomenon
1428:Empress Wu Zetian
1264:Daśabhūmikā-sutra
1255:the Shidijing lun
1209:tradition in the
1063:
1062:
898:Esoteric Buddhism
600:Chinese: "Buddha"
431:Mahayana Buddhist
375:
374:
348:
347:
288:
287:
276:McCune–Reischauer
195:
194:
120:Standard Mandarin
10442:
10402:
10401:
10390:
10389:
10229:Sacred languages
10077:Maya Devi Temple
10040:Mahabodhi Temple
9844:Secular Buddhism
9809:Engaged Buddhism
8649:
8497:Tibetan Buddhism
8448:Vietnamese Thiền
8047:Mahāsthāmaprāpta
7998:
7990:
7982:
7974:
7966:
7958:
7950:
7799:
7798:
7786:
7776:
7766:
7759:
7752:
7743:
7742:
7698:
7696:
7690:, archived from
7679:
7605:
7600:, archived from
7590:
7588:
7581:
7569:
7536:
7516:
7498:
7470:
7461:
7447:
7423:
7416:
7407:
7400:
7394:
7387:
7378:
7371:
7360:
7349:
7343:
7336:
7323:
7320:
7314:
7313:
7295:
7289:
7288:
7286:
7285:
7270:
7264:
7263:
7261:
7260:
7246:
7240:
7225:
7219:
7204:
7198:
7183:
7177:
7170:
7157:
7142:
7136:
7122:
7113:
7099:
7093:
7079:
7073:
7066:
7060:
7053:
7047:
7044:
7038:
7032:
7026:
7023:
7017:
7002:
6996:
6982:
6976:
6958:
6945:
6934:
6923:
6915:13, no. 8: 691.
6909:
6898:
6893:Kim, Young-jin.
6891:
6882:
6879:
6873:
6872:
6870:
6869:
6855:
6849:
6848:
6846:
6845:
6830:
6824:
6821:
6815:
6814:
6812:
6811:
6797:
6791:
6777:
6771:
6764:
6758:
6752:
6743:
6721:
6710:
6700:
6694:
6684:
6678:
6675:
6669:
6662:
6653:
6643:
6637:
6634:
6628:
6625:
6619:
6616:
6610:
6607:Avataṃsaka Sūtra
6603:
6597:
6590:
6581:
6566:
6560:
6554:
6548:
6541:
6535:
6528:
6522:
6521:
6503:
6486:
6475:
6462:
6448:
6439:
6428:
6417:
6410:
6401:
6394:
6388:
6381:
6370:
6363:
6346:
6339:
6330:
6323:
6314:
6313:
6307:
6299:
6297:
6296:
6290:
6284:. Archived from
6283:
6270:
6247:
6233:
6227:
6220:
6214:
6208:
6202:
6199:
6193:
6179:
6173:
6170:
6164:
6163:
6161:
6160:
6150:
6144:
6134:
6128:
6121:
6115:
6114:
6112:
6111:
6096:
6090:
6079:
6073:
6067:
6058:
6040:
6027:
6021:
6015:
6008:
6002:
5995:
5989:
5982:
5971:
5968:
5962:
5952:
5946:
5939:
5933:
5926:
5920:
5913:
5907:
5901:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5891:
5876:
5870:
5859:
5853:
5852:
5830:
5824:
5817:
5804:
5797:
5791:
5784:
5778:
5772:
5763:
5753:
5747:
5740:
5734:
5727:
5718:
5715:
5709:
5706:
5700:
5699:
5693:
5685:
5657:
5644:
5630:
5617:
5610:
5604:
5597:
5591:
5590:
5588:
5587:
5572:
5566:
5559:
5553:
5550:
5539:
5538:
5535:Oxford Reference
5527:
5521:
5506:
5500:
5493:
5484:
5473:
5467:
5456:
5450:
5439:
5433:
5422:
5416:
5405:
5399:
5388:
5379:
5372:
5366:
5355:
5349:
5338:
5332:
5321:
5315:
5312:
5301:
5290:
5284:
5273:
5267:
5260:
5237:
5230:
5224:
5217:
5211:
5201:
5195:
5188:
5169:
5168:
5166:
5165:
5150:
5144:
5130:
5117:
5106:
5100:
5099:
5097:
5096:
5084:Yang, Xiaodong.
5081:
5075:
5074:
5034:
5023:
5009:
5003:
4989:
4983:
4969:
4963:
4948:
4942:
4935:
4922:
4919:
4910:
4907:
4901:
4894:
4888:
4881:
4870:
4867:
4858:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4840:
4827:
4820:
4814:
4807:
4798:
4791:
4785:
4778:
4772:
4766:
4760:
4753:
4744:
4741:
4735:
4732:
4726:
4720:
4714:
4713:
4693:
4687:
4676:
4655:
4647:
4641:
4634:
4628:
4625:
4619:
4616:
4607:
4604:
4598:
4591:
4585:
4578:
4572:
4566:
4557:
4554:
4548:
4534:
4525:
4518:
4505:
4494:
4475:
4468:
4435:
4434:
4421:Zalta, Edward N.
4412:
4401:
4394:
4321:sudden awakening
4299:Illustration of
4228:Tibetan Buddhism
4041:Avatamsaka sutra
3923:Wangjin huanyuan
3744:Chinese Buddhism
3727:Avatamsaka sutra
3679:Avataṃsaka Sūtra
3647:Avatamsaka sutra
3592:Avatamsaka sutra
3425:Avatamsaka Sutra
3379:Avatamsaka Sutra
3325:Avatamsaka Sutra
3262:paramārtha-satya
2995:Interpenetration
2962:Chinese Yogacara
2840:Avatamsaka Sutra
2828:Ghanavyūha Sūtra
2822:Brahmajāla Sūtra
2621:Avataṃsaka Sūtra
2605:Avataṃsaka Sūtra
2550:(1032-1083) and
2511:, attributed to
2485:Baizhang Huaihai
2432:doctrine of the
2202:Kegon Engi Emaki
2156:Avatamsaka Sutra
2136:
2135:
2110:
2021:Avataṃsaka Sūtra
1996:
1995:
1956:Avatamsaka sutra
1944:Avatamsaka Sutra
1914:Chinese Buddhism
1820:Avatamsaka sutra
1656:Tibetan Buddhism
1588:Daoist teachings
1546:
1503:
1494:
1460:
1451:
1436:Avatamsaka Sutra
1424:
1415:
1392:
1383:
1357:
1348:
1327:Chinese Yogacara
1271:) translated by
1269:Avataṃsaka Sūtra
1236:Yungang Grottoes
1120:Ten Stages Sutra
1055:
1048:
1041:
987:Tiantai Mountain
926:Taishō Tripiṭaka
775:Hongzhi Zhengjue
589:Chinese Buddhism
576:
575:
559:Chinese Buddhism
463:
454:
404:
403:
394:
393:
367:
344:
343:
327:
326:
321:
320:
307:
306:
284:
283:
267:
266:
261:
260:
247:
246:
228:
227:
214:
191:
190:
170:
169:
149:
148:
135:
134:
111:
110:
105:
104:
91:
90:
42:
26:
25:
10450:
10449:
10445:
10444:
10443:
10441:
10440:
10439:
10415:
10414:
10413:
10408:
10396:
10378:
10330:
10245:
10160:
9897:Ordination hall
9858:
9760:
9731:Buddhist crisis
9643:
9340:
9292:Mahayana sutras
9268:
9264:Thích Nhất Hạnh
9095:
8968:
8908:
8858:Bodhisattva vow
8543:
8409:
8349:
8308:Taṇhā (Craving)
8243:Five hindrances
8194:
8086:
8016:
7870:
7815:
7787:
7770:
7715:
7694:
7688:
7677:
7613:
7611:Further reading
7608:
7586:
7579:
7567:
7534:
7514:
7496:
7431:
7426:
7417:
7410:
7401:
7397:
7388:
7381:
7372:
7363:
7350:
7346:
7337:
7326:
7321:
7317:
7310:
7296:
7292:
7283:
7281:
7272:
7271:
7267:
7258:
7256:
7248:
7247:
7243:
7226:
7222:
7205:
7201:
7184:
7180:
7171:
7160:
7143:
7139:
7123:
7116:
7100:
7096:
7080:
7076:
7067:
7063:
7054:
7050:
7045:
7041:
7033:
7029:
7024:
7020:
7003:
6999:
6983:
6979:
6959:
6948:
6935:
6926:
6910:
6901:
6892:
6885:
6880:
6876:
6867:
6865:
6857:
6856:
6852:
6843:
6841:
6832:
6831:
6827:
6822:
6818:
6809:
6807:
6799:
6798:
6794:
6778:
6774:
6765:
6761:
6753:
6746:
6722:
6713:
6701:
6697:
6685:
6681:
6676:
6672:
6663:
6656:
6644:
6640:
6635:
6631:
6626:
6622:
6617:
6613:
6604:
6600:
6591:
6584:
6567:
6563:
6555:
6551:
6542:
6538:
6529:
6525:
6518:
6504:
6489:
6476:
6465:
6449:
6442:
6432:Huayan Buddhism
6429:
6420:
6411:
6404:
6395:
6391:
6382:
6373:
6364:
6349:
6340:
6333:
6324:
6317:
6301:
6300:
6294:
6292:
6288:
6281:
6279:"Archived copy"
6277:
6271:
6250:
6234:
6230:
6221:
6217:
6209:
6205:
6200:
6196:
6180:
6176:
6171:
6167:
6158:
6156:
6152:
6151:
6147:
6135:
6131:
6122:
6118:
6109:
6107:
6097:
6093:
6080:
6076:
6068:
6061:
6041:
6030:
6022:
6018:
6009:
6005:
5996:
5992:
5983:
5974:
5969:
5965:
5953:
5949:
5940:
5936:
5927:
5923:
5914:
5910:
5902:
5898:
5889:
5887:
5877:
5873:
5860:
5856:
5849:
5837:, eds. (2006).
5831:
5827:
5818:
5807:
5798:
5794:
5785:
5781:
5773:
5766:
5754:
5750:
5741:
5737:
5728:
5721:
5716:
5712:
5707:
5703:
5687:
5686:
5674:
5658:
5647:
5631:
5620:
5611:
5607:
5598:
5594:
5585:
5583:
5573:
5569:
5560:
5556:
5551:
5542:
5529:
5528:
5524:
5507:
5503:
5494:
5487:
5474:
5470:
5457:
5453:
5440:
5436:
5423:
5419:
5406:
5402:
5389:
5382:
5373:
5369:
5356:
5352:
5339:
5335:
5322:
5318:
5313:
5304:
5291:
5287:
5274:
5270:
5261:
5240:
5231:
5227:
5218:
5214:
5202:
5198:
5189:
5172:
5163:
5161:
5152:
5151:
5147:
5131:
5120:
5107:
5103:
5094:
5092:
5082:
5078:
5035:
5026:
5010:
5006:
4990:
4986:
4970:
4966:
4949:
4945:
4936:
4925:
4920:
4913:
4908:
4904:
4895:
4891:
4882:
4873:
4868:
4861:
4852:
4850:
4842:
4841:
4830:
4821:
4817:
4808:
4801:
4792:
4788:
4779:
4775:
4767:
4763:
4754:
4747:
4742:
4738:
4733:
4729:
4721:
4717:
4710:
4694:
4690:
4677:
4658:
4648:
4644:
4635:
4631:
4626:
4622:
4617:
4610:
4605:
4601:
4592:
4588:
4579:
4575:
4567:
4560:
4555:
4551:
4535:
4528:
4519:
4508:
4495:
4478:
4469:
4438:
4413:
4404:
4395:
4386:
4382:
4354:xinman cheng fo
4293:
4281:Mantra of Light
4064:
4056:bukkō zanmaikan
4033:
3887:
3875:Avalokiteshvara
3715:
3675:
3609:
3567:Sudden Teaching
3458:), such as the
3444:Tongdosa Temple
3436:
3421:Mahayana sutras
3357:
3309:tathagatagarbha
3249:
3178:
3102:
3086:Rafter Dialogue
2997:
2910:
2798:
2746:
2726:inherent nature
2600:
2582:
2574:Thich Nhat Hanh
2473:Hongzhou school
2458:
2389:
2361:Wayback Machine
2287:
2279:Tokugawa period
2230:mantra of light
2087:
1975:Hwaeomsa Temple
1968:
1948:Amitabha Buddha
1869:Mahāparinirvāṇa
1851:Buddhāvataṃsaka
1842:
1769:Śūraṅgama Sūtra
1720:
1612:(907-979) era.
1597:
1307:
1298:which is extant
1244:Bingling Temple
1168:Pusa benye jing
1097:
1074:Aerial view of
1068:
1059:
1030:
1029:
1005:
997:
996:
957:
949:
948:
939:
931:
930:
916:
908:
907:
863:
855:
854:
650:
642:
641:
612:
494:Xianshou school
212:Hoa Nghiêm tông
200:Vietnamese name
189:Hua-ngiam tsong
72:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
10448:
10438:
10437:
10432:
10427:
10410:
10409:
10407:
10406:
10394:
10383:
10380:
10379:
10377:
10376:
10371:
10366:
10361:
10356:
10351:
10346:
10340:
10338:
10332:
10331:
10329:
10328:
10323:
10318:
10313:
10308:
10303:
10298:
10293:
10288:
10283:
10278:
10277:
10276:
10271:
10261:
10255:
10253:
10247:
10246:
10244:
10243:
10242:
10241:
10236:
10226:
10221:
10216:
10211:
10206:
10201:
10196:
10191:
10186:
10181:
10176:
10170:
10168:
10162:
10161:
10159:
10158:
10153:
10148:
10147:
10146:
10141:
10136:
10131:
10126:
10116:
10111:
10106:
10101:
10096:
10095:
10094:
10089:
10084:
10079:
10074:
10064:
10059:
10054:
10053:
10052:
10042:
10037:
10032:
10027:
10026:
10025:
10020:
10015:
10010:
10005:
9995:
9990:
9985:
9980:
9975:
9970:
9965:
9964:
9963:
9961:Greco-Buddhist
9953:
9952:
9951:
9946:
9941:
9936:
9931:
9926:
9921:
9916:
9915:
9914:
9912:Burmese pagoda
9904:
9899:
9894:
9889:
9884:
9879:
9868:
9866:
9860:
9859:
9857:
9856:
9851:
9846:
9841:
9836:
9831:
9826:
9821:
9816:
9811:
9806:
9801:
9796:
9791:
9786:
9781:
9776:
9770:
9768:
9762:
9761:
9759:
9758:
9753:
9748:
9743:
9738:
9733:
9728:
9723:
9718:
9713:
9708:
9703:
9702:
9701:
9694:Greco-Buddhism
9691:
9686:
9685:
9684:
9674:
9669:
9664:
9659:
9653:
9651:
9645:
9644:
9642:
9641:
9640:
9639:
9634:
9629:
9627:United Kingdom
9624:
9619:
9614:
9609:
9604:
9599:
9594:
9589:
9584:
9579:
9574:
9572:Czech Republic
9569:
9564:
9559:
9554:
9549:
9539:
9538:
9537:
9532:
9522:
9521:
9520:
9510:
9509:
9508:
9503:
9493:
9488:
9483:
9478:
9473:
9468:
9463:
9462:
9461:
9451:
9446:
9436:
9431:
9426:
9421:
9416:
9411:
9406:
9401:
9396:
9391:
9386:
9381:
9376:
9371:
9366:
9361:
9356:
9350:
9348:
9342:
9341:
9339:
9338:
9336:Abhidharmadīpa
9333:
9326:
9321:
9316:
9309:
9304:
9299:
9294:
9289:
9284:
9278:
9276:
9270:
9269:
9267:
9266:
9261:
9256:
9254:B. R. Ambedkar
9251:
9246:
9241:
9236:
9231:
9226:
9221:
9216:
9211:
9206:
9201:
9196:
9191:
9186:
9181:
9176:
9174:Songtsen Gampo
9171:
9166:
9161:
9156:
9151:
9146:
9141:
9136:
9131:
9126:
9121:
9116:
9111:
9105:
9103:
9097:
9096:
9094:
9093:
9088:
9087:
9086:
9076:
9071:
9066:
9061:
9056:
9051:
9050:
9049:
9039:
9034:
9029:
9024:
9019:
9014:
9009:
9004:
8999:
8994:
8989:
8984:
8978:
8976:
8970:
8969:
8967:
8966:
8965:
8964:
8959:
8954:
8949:
8939:
8934:
8929:
8924:
8918:
8916:
8910:
8909:
8907:
8906:
8901:
8900:
8899:
8889:
8888:
8887:
8882:
8877:
8867:
8866:
8865:
8860:
8855:
8853:Eight precepts
8850:
8840:
8839:
8838:
8833:
8828:
8823:
8813:
8812:
8811:
8801:
8796:
8791:
8790:
8789:
8784:
8779:
8769:
8764:
8759:
8754:
8749:
8748:
8747:
8742:
8732:
8727:
8726:
8725:
8720:
8715:
8710:
8705:
8700:
8695:
8690:
8685:
8680:
8675:
8665:
8660:
8655:
8650:
8641:
8631:
8626:
8624:Five Strengths
8621:
8616:
8611:
8606:
8601:
8596:
8591:
8590:
8589:
8584:
8579:
8574:
8564:
8559:
8553:
8551:
8545:
8544:
8542:
8541:
8536:
8531:
8526:
8521:
8516:
8515:
8514:
8509:
8504:
8499:
8489:
8488:
8487:
8482:
8477:
8472:
8467:
8462:
8457:
8452:
8451:
8450:
8445:
8440:
8435:
8419:
8417:
8411:
8410:
8408:
8407:
8402:
8401:
8400:
8395:
8390:
8385:
8380:
8375:
8365:
8359:
8357:
8351:
8350:
8348:
8347:
8342:
8341:
8340:
8335:
8330:
8320:
8315:
8310:
8305:
8300:
8295:
8290:
8285:
8280:
8275:
8270:
8265:
8263:Mental factors
8260:
8255:
8250:
8245:
8240:
8235:
8230:
8225:
8220:
8215:
8210:
8204:
8202:
8196:
8195:
8193:
8192:
8187:
8182:
8177:
8172:
8167:
8162:
8157:
8152:
8147:
8142:
8137:
8132:
8127:
8122:
8117:
8115:Mahamoggallāna
8112:
8107:
8102:
8096:
8094:
8088:
8087:
8085:
8084:
8079:
8074:
8069:
8064:
8059:
8054:
8049:
8044:
8039:
8038:
8037:
8030:Avalokiteśvara
8026:
8024:
8018:
8017:
8015:
8014:
8009:
8004:
8003:
8002:
7994:
7986:
7978:
7970:
7962:
7954:
7941:
7936:
7931:
7926:
7921:
7916:
7911:
7906:
7901:
7896:
7891:
7886:
7880:
7878:
7872:
7871:
7869:
7868:
7863:
7858:
7853:
7852:
7851:
7846:
7841:
7831:
7825:
7823:
7817:
7816:
7814:
7813:
7808:
7803:
7792:
7789:
7788:
7769:
7768:
7761:
7754:
7746:
7740:
7739:
7734:
7729:
7721:
7714:
7713:External links
7711:
7710:
7709:
7699:
7687:978-3447055093
7686:
7668:
7658:
7651:
7649:978-1624661907
7629:
7612:
7609:
7607:
7606:
7591:
7570:
7566:978-3447055093
7565:
7552:
7537:
7532:
7517:
7512:
7499:
7494:
7481:
7471:
7462:
7450:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7424:
7408:
7395:
7379:
7361:
7344:
7324:
7315:
7308:
7290:
7265:
7241:
7220:
7199:
7178:
7158:
7137:
7114:
7094:
7074:
7061:
7048:
7039:
7027:
7018:
6997:
6977:
6946:
6924:
6899:
6883:
6874:
6850:
6838:lymtcanada.com
6825:
6816:
6792:
6772:
6759:
6757:, p. 233.
6744:
6711:
6695:
6679:
6670:
6654:
6638:
6629:
6620:
6611:
6598:
6582:
6561:
6549:
6536:
6523:
6517:978-1624661907
6516:
6487:
6463:
6440:
6418:
6402:
6389:
6371:
6347:
6331:
6315:
6248:
6228:
6215:
6213:, p. 207.
6203:
6194:
6174:
6165:
6145:
6129:
6116:
6091:
6074:
6059:
6028:
6016:
6003:
5990:
5972:
5963:
5947:
5934:
5921:
5908:
5896:
5871:
5854:
5848:978-0415359177
5847:
5825:
5805:
5792:
5779:
5764:
5748:
5735:
5719:
5710:
5701:
5672:
5645:
5618:
5605:
5592:
5567:
5554:
5540:
5522:
5501:
5485:
5468:
5451:
5434:
5417:
5400:
5380:
5367:
5350:
5333:
5316:
5302:
5285:
5268:
5238:
5225:
5212:
5196:
5170:
5145:
5118:
5101:
5076:
5024:
5011:Hun Yeow Lye.
5004:
4991:Hun Yeow Lye.
4984:
4971:Hun Yeow Lye.
4964:
4943:
4923:
4911:
4902:
4889:
4871:
4859:
4828:
4815:
4799:
4786:
4773:
4761:
4745:
4736:
4727:
4715:
4709:978-0761863090
4708:
4688:
4656:
4642:
4629:
4620:
4608:
4599:
4586:
4573:
4558:
4549:
4526:
4506:
4476:
4436:
4402:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4292:
4289:
4063:
4060:
4032:
4029:
4028:
4027:
4024:
4021:
4018:
4003:
4002:
3991:
3984:
3969:
3886:
3883:
3863:
3862:
3843:
3832:guānxiǎng niàn
3828:
3817:guānxiàng niàn
3813:
3806:chēngmíng niàn
3794:Guīfēng Zōngmì
3792:The patriarch
3714:
3711:
3703:Hanshan Deqing
3674:
3671:
3608:
3605:
3596:
3595:
3584:
3563:
3560:Dilun shastra.
3521:
3490:
3464:Tiantai school
3446:Hwaeumtang, a
3435:
3432:
3356:
3353:
3248:
3245:
3217:
3216:
3209:
3206:
3199:
3196:
3189:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3165:
3158:
3151:
3140:
3125:
3101:
3098:
2996:
2993:
2909:
2906:
2835:續藏經 vol. 34).
2797:
2794:
2745:
2742:
2704:Goryeo Dynasty
2599:
2594:
2581:
2578:
2556:Hanshan Deqing
2465:Guifeng Zongmi
2457:
2454:
2388:
2385:
2286:
2283:
2216:Kegon temple.
2086:
2085:Japanese Kegon
2083:
2076:Joseon Dynasty
2025:Hwaŏm-gyŏng so
1967:
1964:
1933:Peng Shaosheng
1857:Prajñāpāramitā
1846:Xuande Emperor
1841:
1838:
1812:Tiantai school
1719:
1716:
1596:
1593:
1521:
1520:
1485:Guifeng Zongmi
1482:
1439:
1403:
1371:
1367:including the
1317:, Nara, Japan.
1306:
1303:
1096:
1089:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1060:
1058:
1057:
1050:
1043:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1006:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
995:
994:
989:
984:
979:
974:
969:
964:
958:
955:
954:
951:
950:
947:
946:
940:
937:
936:
933:
932:
929:
928:
923:
917:
914:
913:
910:
909:
906:
905:
900:
895:
890:
885:
880:
875:
870:
864:
861:
860:
857:
856:
853:
852:
847:
842:
837:
832:
827:
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
795:Hanshan Deqing
792:
787:
782:
777:
772:
767:
762:
757:
752:
747:
742:
740:Śubhakarasiṃha
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
702:
697:
692:
687:
682:
677:
672:
667:
662:
657:
651:
648:
647:
644:
643:
640:
639:
634:
629:
624:
619:
613:
608:
607:
604:
603:
592:
591:
585:
584:
485:(780–841) and
373:
372:
369:
368:
361:
355:
354:
350:
349:
346:
345:
338:
332:
331:
330:Transcriptions
323:
322:
315:
309:
308:
301:
295:
294:
290:
289:
286:
285:
278:
272:
271:
270:Transcriptions
263:
262:
255:
249:
248:
241:
235:
234:
230:
229:
222:
216:
215:
208:
202:
201:
197:
196:
193:
192:
185:
179:
178:
172:
171:
164:
158:
157:
155:Yue: Cantonese
151:
150:
143:
137:
136:
129:
123:
122:
116:
115:
114:Transcriptions
107:
106:
99:
93:
92:
85:
79:
78:
74:
73:
56:(center), and
43:
35:
34:
31:
30:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
10447:
10436:
10433:
10431:
10428:
10426:
10423:
10422:
10420:
10405:
10400:
10395:
10393:
10385:
10384:
10381:
10375:
10372:
10370:
10367:
10365:
10362:
10360:
10357:
10355:
10352:
10350:
10347:
10345:
10342:
10341:
10339:
10337:
10333:
10327:
10324:
10322:
10319:
10317:
10314:
10312:
10309:
10307:
10304:
10302:
10299:
10297:
10294:
10292:
10289:
10287:
10284:
10282:
10279:
10275:
10272:
10270:
10267:
10266:
10265:
10262:
10260:
10257:
10256:
10254:
10252:
10248:
10240:
10237:
10235:
10232:
10231:
10230:
10227:
10225:
10222:
10220:
10217:
10215:
10212:
10210:
10207:
10205:
10202:
10200:
10197:
10195:
10192:
10190:
10187:
10185:
10182:
10180:
10177:
10175:
10172:
10171:
10169:
10167:
10166:Miscellaneous
10163:
10157:
10156:Vegetarianism
10154:
10152:
10149:
10145:
10142:
10140:
10137:
10135:
10132:
10130:
10127:
10125:
10122:
10121:
10120:
10117:
10115:
10112:
10110:
10107:
10105:
10102:
10100:
10097:
10093:
10090:
10088:
10085:
10083:
10080:
10078:
10075:
10073:
10070:
10069:
10068:
10065:
10063:
10060:
10058:
10055:
10051:
10048:
10047:
10046:
10043:
10041:
10038:
10036:
10033:
10031:
10028:
10024:
10021:
10019:
10016:
10014:
10011:
10009:
10006:
10004:
10001:
10000:
9999:
9996:
9994:
9991:
9989:
9986:
9984:
9981:
9979:
9978:Buddha in art
9976:
9974:
9971:
9969:
9966:
9962:
9959:
9958:
9957:
9954:
9950:
9947:
9945:
9942:
9940:
9937:
9935:
9932:
9930:
9927:
9925:
9922:
9920:
9917:
9913:
9910:
9909:
9908:
9905:
9903:
9900:
9898:
9895:
9893:
9890:
9888:
9885:
9883:
9880:
9878:
9875:
9874:
9873:
9870:
9869:
9867:
9865:
9861:
9855:
9852:
9850:
9847:
9845:
9842:
9840:
9837:
9835:
9832:
9830:
9827:
9825:
9822:
9820:
9817:
9815:
9812:
9810:
9807:
9805:
9802:
9800:
9797:
9795:
9792:
9790:
9787:
9785:
9782:
9780:
9777:
9775:
9772:
9771:
9769:
9767:
9763:
9757:
9754:
9752:
9749:
9747:
9744:
9742:
9739:
9737:
9734:
9732:
9729:
9727:
9724:
9722:
9719:
9717:
9714:
9712:
9709:
9707:
9704:
9700:
9697:
9696:
9695:
9692:
9690:
9687:
9683:
9680:
9679:
9678:
9675:
9673:
9670:
9668:
9665:
9663:
9660:
9658:
9655:
9654:
9652:
9650:
9646:
9638:
9635:
9633:
9632:United States
9630:
9628:
9625:
9623:
9620:
9618:
9615:
9613:
9610:
9608:
9605:
9603:
9600:
9598:
9595:
9593:
9590:
9588:
9585:
9583:
9580:
9578:
9575:
9573:
9570:
9568:
9565:
9563:
9560:
9558:
9555:
9553:
9550:
9548:
9545:
9544:
9543:
9540:
9536:
9533:
9531:
9528:
9527:
9526:
9523:
9519:
9516:
9515:
9514:
9511:
9507:
9504:
9502:
9499:
9498:
9497:
9494:
9492:
9489:
9487:
9484:
9482:
9479:
9477:
9474:
9472:
9469:
9467:
9464:
9459:
9455:
9452:
9450:
9447:
9445:
9442:
9441:
9440:
9437:
9435:
9432:
9430:
9427:
9425:
9422:
9420:
9417:
9415:
9412:
9410:
9407:
9405:
9402:
9400:
9397:
9395:
9392:
9390:
9387:
9385:
9382:
9380:
9377:
9375:
9372:
9370:
9367:
9365:
9362:
9360:
9357:
9355:
9352:
9351:
9349:
9347:
9343:
9337:
9334:
9332:
9331:
9327:
9325:
9322:
9320:
9317:
9315:
9314:
9310:
9308:
9305:
9303:
9300:
9298:
9295:
9293:
9290:
9288:
9285:
9283:
9280:
9279:
9277:
9275:
9271:
9265:
9262:
9260:
9257:
9255:
9252:
9250:
9247:
9245:
9242:
9240:
9237:
9235:
9232:
9230:
9227:
9225:
9222:
9220:
9217:
9215:
9212:
9210:
9207:
9205:
9202:
9200:
9197:
9195:
9192:
9190:
9189:Padmasambhava
9187:
9185:
9182:
9180:
9177:
9175:
9172:
9170:
9167:
9165:
9162:
9160:
9157:
9155:
9152:
9150:
9147:
9145:
9142:
9140:
9137:
9135:
9132:
9130:
9127:
9125:
9122:
9120:
9117:
9115:
9112:
9110:
9107:
9106:
9104:
9102:
9101:Major figures
9098:
9092:
9089:
9085:
9082:
9081:
9080:
9077:
9075:
9072:
9070:
9067:
9065:
9062:
9060:
9057:
9055:
9052:
9048:
9047:Western tulku
9045:
9044:
9043:
9040:
9038:
9035:
9033:
9030:
9028:
9025:
9023:
9020:
9018:
9015:
9013:
9010:
9008:
9005:
9003:
9000:
8998:
8995:
8993:
8990:
8988:
8985:
8983:
8980:
8979:
8977:
8975:
8971:
8963:
8960:
8958:
8955:
8953:
8950:
8948:
8945:
8944:
8943:
8940:
8938:
8935:
8933:
8930:
8928:
8925:
8923:
8920:
8919:
8917:
8915:
8911:
8905:
8902:
8898:
8895:
8894:
8893:
8890:
8886:
8883:
8881:
8878:
8876:
8873:
8872:
8871:
8868:
8864:
8861:
8859:
8856:
8854:
8851:
8849:
8848:Five precepts
8846:
8845:
8844:
8841:
8837:
8834:
8832:
8829:
8827:
8826:Dhamma vicaya
8824:
8822:
8819:
8818:
8817:
8814:
8810:
8807:
8806:
8805:
8802:
8800:
8797:
8795:
8792:
8788:
8785:
8783:
8780:
8778:
8775:
8774:
8773:
8770:
8768:
8765:
8763:
8760:
8758:
8755:
8753:
8750:
8746:
8743:
8741:
8738:
8737:
8736:
8733:
8731:
8728:
8724:
8721:
8719:
8716:
8714:
8711:
8709:
8706:
8704:
8701:
8699:
8696:
8694:
8691:
8689:
8686:
8684:
8681:
8679:
8676:
8673:
8669:
8666:
8664:
8661:
8659:
8656:
8654:
8651:
8648:
8647:
8642:
8640:
8637:
8636:
8635:
8632:
8630:
8627:
8625:
8622:
8620:
8617:
8615:
8612:
8610:
8607:
8605:
8602:
8600:
8597:
8595:
8594:Buddhābhiṣeka
8592:
8588:
8585:
8583:
8580:
8578:
8575:
8573:
8570:
8569:
8568:
8565:
8563:
8560:
8558:
8555:
8554:
8552:
8550:
8546:
8540:
8537:
8535:
8532:
8530:
8527:
8525:
8522:
8520:
8517:
8513:
8510:
8508:
8505:
8503:
8500:
8498:
8495:
8494:
8493:
8490:
8486:
8483:
8481:
8478:
8476:
8473:
8471:
8468:
8466:
8463:
8461:
8458:
8456:
8453:
8449:
8446:
8444:
8441:
8439:
8436:
8434:
8431:
8430:
8429:
8426:
8425:
8424:
8421:
8420:
8418:
8416:
8412:
8406:
8403:
8399:
8396:
8394:
8391:
8389:
8386:
8384:
8381:
8379:
8376:
8374:
8371:
8370:
8369:
8366:
8364:
8361:
8360:
8358:
8356:
8352:
8346:
8343:
8339:
8336:
8334:
8331:
8329:
8326:
8325:
8324:
8321:
8319:
8316:
8314:
8311:
8309:
8306:
8304:
8301:
8299:
8296:
8294:
8291:
8289:
8286:
8284:
8281:
8279:
8276:
8274:
8271:
8269:
8266:
8264:
8261:
8259:
8256:
8254:
8251:
8249:
8246:
8244:
8241:
8239:
8238:Enlightenment
8236:
8234:
8231:
8229:
8228:Dhamma theory
8226:
8224:
8223:Buddha-nature
8221:
8219:
8216:
8214:
8211:
8209:
8206:
8205:
8203:
8201:
8197:
8191:
8188:
8186:
8183:
8181:
8178:
8176:
8173:
8171:
8168:
8166:
8163:
8161:
8158:
8156:
8153:
8151:
8148:
8146:
8143:
8141:
8138:
8136:
8133:
8131:
8128:
8126:
8123:
8121:
8118:
8116:
8113:
8111:
8108:
8106:
8103:
8101:
8098:
8097:
8095:
8093:
8089:
8083:
8080:
8078:
8075:
8073:
8070:
8068:
8065:
8063:
8062:Samantabhadra
8060:
8058:
8055:
8053:
8050:
8048:
8045:
8043:
8040:
8036:
8033:
8032:
8031:
8028:
8027:
8025:
8023:
8019:
8013:
8010:
8008:
8005:
8001:
7995:
7993:
7987:
7985:
7979:
7977:
7971:
7969:
7963:
7961:
7955:
7953:
7947:
7946:
7945:
7942:
7940:
7937:
7935:
7932:
7930:
7927:
7925:
7922:
7920:
7917:
7915:
7912:
7910:
7907:
7905:
7902:
7900:
7897:
7895:
7892:
7890:
7887:
7885:
7882:
7881:
7879:
7877:
7873:
7867:
7864:
7862:
7859:
7857:
7854:
7850:
7847:
7845:
7842:
7840:
7837:
7836:
7835:
7832:
7830:
7827:
7826:
7824:
7822:
7818:
7812:
7809:
7807:
7804:
7802:
7794:
7793:
7790:
7785:
7780:
7775:
7767:
7762:
7760:
7755:
7753:
7748:
7747:
7744:
7738:
7735:
7733:
7730:
7728:
7727:
7722:
7720:
7717:
7716:
7708:
7707:986-7484-83-5
7704:
7700:
7693:
7689:
7683:
7676:
7675:
7669:
7667:
7663:
7659:
7656:
7652:
7650:
7646:
7642:
7638:
7634:
7633:Justin Tiwald
7630:
7627:
7623:
7619:
7615:
7614:
7603:
7599:
7598:
7592:
7585:
7578:
7577:
7571:
7568:
7562:
7558:
7553:
7550:
7546:
7542:
7538:
7535:
7533:9780195328998
7529:
7525:
7524:
7518:
7515:
7509:
7505:
7500:
7497:
7495:0-271-02190-X
7491:
7487:
7482:
7480:
7479:0-87773-940-4
7476:
7472:
7468:
7463:
7459:
7456:
7451:
7449:
7446:
7443:
7439:
7434:
7433:
7421:
7415:
7413:
7405:
7399:
7392:
7386:
7384:
7376:
7370:
7368:
7366:
7358:
7354:
7348:
7341:
7335:
7333:
7331:
7329:
7319:
7311:
7309:0-86171-390-7
7305:
7301:
7294:
7279:
7275:
7269:
7255:
7251:
7245:
7238:
7234:
7230:
7224:
7217:
7213:
7209:
7203:
7196:
7192:
7188:
7182:
7175:
7169:
7167:
7165:
7163:
7155:
7151:
7147:
7141:
7135:
7131:
7127:
7121:
7119:
7112:
7108:
7104:
7098:
7092:
7088:
7084:
7078:
7071:
7065:
7058:
7052:
7043:
7037:, p. 76.
7036:
7031:
7022:
7015:
7011:
7007:
7001:
6995:
6991:
6987:
6981:
6975:
6971:
6968:(1), 93–130.
6967:
6963:
6957:
6955:
6953:
6951:
6943:
6939:
6933:
6931:
6929:
6922:
6918:
6914:
6908:
6906:
6904:
6896:
6890:
6888:
6878:
6864:
6860:
6854:
6839:
6835:
6829:
6820:
6806:
6802:
6796:
6790:
6786:
6782:
6776:
6769:
6763:
6756:
6751:
6749:
6742:
6738:
6734:
6730:
6726:
6720:
6718:
6716:
6708:
6706:
6699:
6692:
6690:
6683:
6674:
6667:
6661:
6659:
6651:
6649:
6642:
6633:
6624:
6615:
6608:
6602:
6595:
6589:
6587:
6579:
6575:
6571:
6565:
6558:
6553:
6546:
6540:
6533:
6527:
6519:
6513:
6509:
6502:
6500:
6498:
6496:
6494:
6492:
6484:
6480:
6474:
6472:
6470:
6468:
6461:
6457:
6453:
6447:
6445:
6437:
6433:
6427:
6425:
6423:
6415:
6409:
6407:
6399:
6393:
6386:
6380:
6378:
6376:
6368:
6362:
6360:
6358:
6356:
6354:
6352:
6344:
6338:
6336:
6328:
6322:
6320:
6311:
6305:
6291:on 2017-09-10
6287:
6280:
6275:
6269:
6267:
6265:
6263:
6261:
6259:
6257:
6255:
6253:
6246:
6242:
6238:
6232:
6225:
6219:
6212:
6207:
6198:
6192:
6188:
6184:
6178:
6169:
6155:
6149:
6142:
6140:
6133:
6126:
6120:
6106:
6102:
6095:
6088:
6084:
6078:
6071:
6066:
6064:
6057:
6053:
6049:
6045:
6042:Hamar, Imre.
6039:
6037:
6035:
6033:
6026:, p. 47.
6025:
6024:Dumoulin 2005
6020:
6013:
6007:
6000:
5994:
5987:
5981:
5979:
5977:
5967:
5961:
5957:
5951:
5944:
5938:
5931:
5925:
5918:
5912:
5906:, p. 48.
5905:
5904:Dumoulin 2005
5900:
5886:
5882:
5875:
5868:
5864:
5858:
5850:
5844:
5840:
5836:
5829:
5822:
5816:
5814:
5812:
5810:
5802:
5796:
5789:
5783:
5776:
5771:
5769:
5762:
5758:
5752:
5745:
5739:
5732:
5726:
5724:
5714:
5705:
5697:
5691:
5683:
5679:
5675:
5669:
5665:
5664:
5656:
5654:
5652:
5650:
5642:
5638:
5636:
5629:
5627:
5625:
5623:
5615:
5609:
5602:
5596:
5582:
5578:
5571:
5564:
5558:
5549:
5547:
5545:
5536:
5532:
5526:
5519:
5515:
5511:
5505:
5498:
5492:
5490:
5482:
5478:
5472:
5465:
5461:
5455:
5448:
5444:
5438:
5431:
5427:
5421:
5414:
5410:
5404:
5397:
5393:
5387:
5385:
5377:
5371:
5364:
5360:
5354:
5347:
5343:
5337:
5330:
5326:
5320:
5311:
5309:
5307:
5299:
5295:
5289:
5282:
5278:
5272:
5265:
5259:
5257:
5255:
5253:
5251:
5249:
5247:
5245:
5243:
5235:
5229:
5222:
5216:
5209:
5206:
5200:
5193:
5187:
5185:
5183:
5181:
5179:
5177:
5175:
5159:
5155:
5149:
5142:
5141:(960-1368 AD)
5139:
5135:
5129:
5127:
5125:
5123:
5115:
5113:
5105:
5091:
5087:
5080:
5072:
5068:
5064:
5060:
5056:
5052:
5048:
5044:
5040:
5033:
5031:
5029:
5021:
5017:
5015:
5008:
5001:
4997:
4995:
4988:
4981:
4977:
4975:
4968:
4961:
4957:
4955:
4947:
4940:
4934:
4932:
4930:
4928:
4918:
4916:
4906:
4899:
4893:
4886:
4880:
4878:
4876:
4866:
4864:
4849:
4845:
4839:
4837:
4835:
4833:
4825:
4819:
4813:p. 54. BRILL.
4812:
4806:
4804:
4796:
4790:
4783:
4777:
4771:, p. 15.
4770:
4765:
4759:p. 53. BRILL.
4758:
4752:
4750:
4740:
4731:
4725:, p. 24.
4724:
4719:
4711:
4705:
4701:
4700:
4692:
4685:
4681:
4675:
4673:
4671:
4669:
4667:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4653:
4646:
4639:
4633:
4624:
4615:
4613:
4603:
4596:
4590:
4583:
4577:
4571:, p. 46.
4570:
4569:Dumoulin 2005
4565:
4563:
4553:
4547:
4543:
4539:
4533:
4531:
4523:
4517:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4503:
4499:
4493:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4485:
4483:
4481:
4473:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4461:
4459:
4457:
4455:
4453:
4451:
4449:
4447:
4445:
4443:
4441:
4432:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4418:
4411:
4409:
4407:
4399:
4393:
4391:
4389:
4384:
4377:
4375:
4369:
4364:
4361:
4357:
4355:
4351:
4344:
4342:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4326:
4325:buddha-nature
4322:
4314:
4310:
4306:
4302:
4297:
4288:
4286:
4285:kōmyō shingon
4282:
4278:
4274:
4269:
4267:
4262:
4261:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4249:
4248:Cundī-dhāraṇī
4243:
4241:
4237:
4233:
4229:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4184:
4183:
4178:
4177:
4172:
4171:
4170:Cundī-dhāraṇī
4164:
4159:
4156:
4153:
4149:
4144:
4140:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4128:
4123:
4119:
4115:
4112:
4108:
4103:
4101:
4100:
4095:
4091:
4084:
4079:
4073:
4068:
4059:
4057:
4053:
4048:
4046:
4042:
4038:
4025:
4022:
4019:
4016:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4007:
4000:
3996:
3992:
3989:
3985:
3982:
3981:Buddha nature
3978:
3974:
3970:
3967:
3966:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3955:
3951:
3947:
3943:
3938:
3934:
3932:
3928:
3924:
3920:
3916:
3912:
3911:Fajie guanmen
3908:
3904:
3903:huayan sanmei
3900:
3899:haiyin sanmei
3896:
3892:
3882:
3880:
3876:
3871:
3868:
3860:
3856:
3852:
3848:
3847:shíxiàng niàn
3844:
3841:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3826:
3825:Dà bǎojī jīng
3822:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3807:
3803:
3802:
3801:
3799:
3795:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3780:
3776:
3772:
3767:
3765:
3762:Pure Land of
3761:
3757:
3753:
3749:
3745:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3732:
3731:buddhānusmṛti
3728:
3719:
3710:
3709:monk Shouye.
3708:
3704:
3700:
3695:
3693:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3641:
3636:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3613:
3604:
3601:
3593:
3589:
3585:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3556:
3555:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3543:
3538:
3537:
3532:
3531:
3526:
3525:buddha-nature
3522:
3520:
3518:
3513:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3480:
3477:found in the
3476:
3472:
3471:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3461:
3457:
3449:
3445:
3440:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3411:According to
3409:
3407:
3399:
3394:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3376:
3372:
3367:
3362:
3352:
3351:
3348:
3344:
3339:
3335:
3334:
3330:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3311:(the womb of
3310:
3306:
3302:
3301:
3294:
3289:
3287:
3282:
3279:
3275:
3271:
3266:
3264:
3263:
3258:
3254:
3244:
3241:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3226:
3225:yi zhen fajie
3222:
3214:
3210:
3207:
3204:
3200:
3197:
3194:
3190:
3187:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3170:
3166:
3163:
3160:Integration (
3159:
3156:
3152:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3138:
3134:
3133:particularity
3130:
3126:
3123:
3119:
3115:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3107:
3097:
3095:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3080:
3079:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3061:
3056:
3052:
3051:Thomas Cleary
3048:
3044:
3039:
3037:
3033:
3032:fajie yuanqi,
3029:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3017:
3012:
3007:
3001:
2992:
2990:
2986:
2982:
2978:
2973:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2957:
2952:
2951:
2946:
2942:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2930:
2925:
2921:
2917:
2916:
2905:
2901:
2899:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2883:
2879:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2865:
2861:
2857:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2829:
2824:
2823:
2818:
2814:
2812:
2807:
2803:
2793:
2791:
2787:
2786:
2781:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2757:
2753:
2752:
2741:
2739:
2733:
2731:
2727:
2721:
2716:
2714:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2693:
2691:
2687:
2683:
2677:
2672:
2670:
2665:
2663:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2647:Samantabhadra
2645:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2615:
2611:
2607:
2606:
2598:
2590:
2586:
2577:
2575:
2570:
2568:
2564:
2559:
2557:
2553:
2552:Dahui Zonggao
2549:
2545:
2540:
2538:
2535:(d. 949) and
2534:
2533:Yunmen Wenyan
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2478:
2477:Fajie guanmen
2474:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2453:
2452:(1837–1911).
2451:
2447:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2434:Yuzu Nembutsu
2431:
2426:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2411:
2409:
2405:
2400:
2398:
2397:Chan Buddhism
2394:
2384:
2382:
2381:United States
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2355:
2349:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2327:
2321:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2291:
2282:
2280:
2275:
2273:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2260:Risshu Vinaya
2257:
2253:
2249:
2244:
2242:
2237:
2235:
2231:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2203:
2199:
2194:
2190:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2179:
2178:Nanto Rikushū
2174:
2173:emperor Shōmu
2170:
2166:
2162:
2158:
2157:
2152:
2148:
2144:
2140:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1990:
1987:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1963:
1961:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1945:
1941:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1906:
1904:
1900:
1899:Yunqi Zhuhong
1896:
1891:
1883:
1878:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1865:
1864:
1863:Mahāratnakūṭa
1859:
1858:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1837:
1835:
1830:
1828:
1823:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1798:: 華嚴普賢行願修證儀;
1797:
1793:
1792:
1791:Samantabhadra
1785:
1783:
1779:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1764:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1733:
1729:
1724:
1715:
1713:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1695:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1653:
1652:Hongzhou Chan
1649:
1645:
1641:
1636:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1613:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1573:
1568:
1566:
1562:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1518:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1498:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1455:
1447:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1411:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1387:
1379:
1375:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1362:
1358:
1352:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1336:
1335:
1332:
1331:
1328:
1324:
1316:
1311:
1302:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1265:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1247:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1232:(Fanwang Jing
1230:
1229:
1222:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1126:
1122:
1121:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1076:Huayan Temple
1072:
1056:
1051:
1049:
1044:
1042:
1037:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1007:
1001:
1000:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
959:
953:
952:
945:
942:
941:
935:
934:
927:
924:
922:
919:
918:
912:
911:
904:
901:
899:
896:
894:
891:
889:
886:
884:
881:
879:
876:
874:
871:
869:
866:
865:
859:
858:
851:
848:
846:
845:Nan Huai-Chin
843:
841:
838:
836:
833:
831:
828:
826:
823:
821:
818:
816:
813:
811:
808:
806:
803:
801:
798:
796:
793:
791:
788:
786:
783:
781:
780:Dahui Zonggao
778:
776:
773:
771:
768:
766:
765:Daman Hongren
763:
761:
758:
756:
753:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
711:
708:
706:
703:
701:
698:
696:
693:
691:
688:
686:
683:
681:
678:
676:
673:
671:
668:
666:
663:
661:
658:
656:
653:
652:
649:Major figures
646:
645:
638:
635:
633:
630:
628:
625:
623:
622:Dharmaguptaka
620:
618:
615:
614:
611:
606:
605:
598:
594:
593:
590:
587:
586:
582:
578:
577:
574:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
538:
533:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
499:
495:
490:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
458:
450:
446:
445:
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
398:
388:
384:
380:
370:
366:
362:
360:
356:
353:Sanskrit name
351:
339:
337:
333:
328:
324:
316:
314:
310:
302:
300:
296:
293:Japanese name
291:
279:
277:
273:
268:
264:
256:
254:
250:
242:
240:
236:
231:
223:
221:
217:
213:
209:
207:
203:
198:
186:
184:
180:
177:
173:
165:
163:
159:
156:
152:
147:Hua-yen tsung
144:
142:
138:
130:
128:
124:
121:
117:
112:
108:
100:
98:
94:
86:
84:
80:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
58:Samantabhadra
55:
51:
47:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
10344:Bodhisattvas
10264:Christianity
10259:Baháʼí Faith
10124:Dharmachakra
10114:Prayer wheel
10104:Prayer beads
9872:Architecture
9751:969 Movement
9535:Saudi Arabia
9513:Central Asia
9506:South Africa
9328:
9311:
9244:Panchen Lama
9149:Buddhapālita
8745:Satipatthana
8740:Mindful Yoga
8653:Recollection
8567:Brahmavihara
8464:
8438:Japanese Zen
8433:Chinese Chan
8393:Animal realm
8200:Key concepts
8022:Bodhisattvas
7834:Three Jewels
7725:
7692:the original
7673:
7640:
7617:
7602:the original
7596:
7584:the original
7575:
7556:
7540:
7522:
7503:
7485:
7466:
7458:
7454:
7448:
7444:
7441:
7437:
7419:
7406:pp. 113-114.
7403:
7398:
7390:
7377:pp. 112-113.
7374:
7356:
7352:
7347:
7339:
7318:
7299:
7293:
7282:. Retrieved
7280:. 2021-07-12
7277:
7268:
7257:. Retrieved
7253:
7244:
7228:
7223:
7207:
7202:
7186:
7181:
7173:
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6877:
6866:. Retrieved
6862:
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6842:. Retrieved
6840:. 2022-03-23
6837:
6828:
6819:
6808:. Retrieved
6804:
6795:
6780:
6775:
6767:
6762:
6755:Buswell 1993
6735:(1), 10-47.
6732:
6728:
6704:
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6392:
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6326:
6293:. Retrieved
6286:the original
6273:
6236:
6231:
6223:
6218:
6206:
6197:
6182:
6177:
6168:
6157:. Retrieved
6148:
6137:
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6119:
6108:. Retrieved
6104:
6094:
6086:
6077:
6047:
6019:
6011:
6006:
5998:
5993:
5985:
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5937:
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5884:
5874:
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5862:
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5838:
5828:
5820:
5800:
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5787:
5782:
5775:Buswell 1993
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5743:
5738:
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5666:. New York.
5662:
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5613:
5608:
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5584:. Retrieved
5580:
5570:
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5557:
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5509:
5504:
5496:
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5160:. 2023-03-11
5157:
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5093:. Retrieved
5089:
5079:
5049:(1): 49–80.
5046:
5042:
5019:
5012:
5007:
4999:
4992:
4987:
4979:
4972:
4967:
4953:
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4851:. Retrieved
4847:
4823:
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4810:
4794:
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4781:
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4764:
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4739:
4730:
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4362:
4358:
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4318:
4309:Heian period
4304:
4284:
4270:
4258:
4252:
4247:
4244:
4219:Usṇīsavijayā
4217:
4211:
4190:
4189:( 大法炬陀羅尼 經,
4186:
4180:
4174:
4169:
4166:
4161:
4157:
4142:
4138:
4136:
4125:
4117:
4114:Liao Dynasty
4104:
4098:
4088:
4072:Liao Dynasty
4055:
4049:
4045:foguang guan
4044:
4040:
4034:
4008:
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3872:
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3838:(T.643) and
3835:
3831:
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3809:
3805:
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3791:
3787:Qing dynasty
3768:
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3682:
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3665:(華嚴普賢行願修證儀,
3662:
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3468:
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3453:
3429:
3424:
3415:, while the
3410:
3402:
3378:
3365:
3360:
3358:
3350:
3347:monotheistic
3338:
3336:
3332:
3328:
3324:
3320:
3316:
3299:
3296:
3291:
3283:
3278:Chinese lion
3269:
3267:
3260:
3256:
3252:
3250:
3237:
3224:
3223:-realm (Ch.
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3153:Difference (
3147:
3143:
3132:
3128:
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3117:
3110:mereological
3105:
3103:
3085:
3083:
3078:ad infinitum
3076:
3070:
3064:
3046:
3042:
3040:
3031:
3020:
3014:
3010:
3008:
3006:
2980:
2976:
2974:
2954:
2948:
2941:Huayan sutra
2940:
2938:
2927:
2919:
2913:
2911:
2902:
2893:
2885:
2880:
2876:Huayan sutra
2875:
2863:
2859:
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2851:
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2843:
2839:
2837:
2833:Xu zang jing
2832:
2826:
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2809:
2805:
2799:
2783:
2779:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2747:
2734:
2723:
2718:
2713:Huayan sutra
2712:
2709:
2700:Huayan Sutra
2699:
2679:
2674:
2669:Huayan sutra
2668:
2666:
2644:bodhisattvas
2641:
2636:
2620:
2616:
2609:
2603:
2601:
2597:Huayan sutra
2596:
2589:Huayan Sutra
2588:
2571:
2560:
2548:Touzi Yiqing
2544:Song dynasty
2541:
2528:
2524:
2521:Linji school
2506:
2505:text called
2489:
2480:
2476:
2461:Chinese Chán
2459:
2446:Yunqi Zuhong
2427:
2422:
2418:
2412:
2401:
2390:
2350:
2330:
2322:
2307:
2296:
2276:
2271:
2245:
2238:
2207:
2176:
2164:
2160:
2154:
2150:
2145:;
2142:
2106:
2093:
2079:
2071:
2061:
2033:
2024:
2020:
2012:
2006:
1983:
1966:Korean Hwaôm
1959:
1955:
1943:
1937:
1925:
1921:
1910:Qing dynasty
1907:
1895:Zhibo Zhenke
1887:
1867:
1861:
1855:
1849:
1843:
1834:Yuan dynasty
1831:
1824:
1819:
1815:
1803:
1788:
1786:
1781:
1777:
1766:
1763:Huayan sutra
1762:
1760:
1744:Song dynasty
1737:
1734:(1055–1110).
1718:Song revival
1711:
1707:
1705:
1698:
1697:
1693:Kāraṇḍavyūha
1691:
1680:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1647:
1637:
1614:
1598:
1583:
1575:
1569:
1565:Huayan sutra
1564:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1522:
1514:
1510:
1507:Chinese Chán
1500:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1464:Avatamsaka (
1463:
1457:
1435:
1431:
1421:
1389:
1368:
1364:
1361:Huayan sutra
1360:
1354:
1333:
1329:
1323:Tang dynasty
1320:
1299:
1295:
1291:
1283:
1281:
1276:
1268:
1262:
1259:Vasubandhu's
1254:
1251:Dilun school
1248:
1231:
1226:
1223:
1219:Huāyán Sūtra
1218:
1214:
1207:Huāyán Sūtra
1206:
1203:Buddhabhadra
1191:Huāyán Sūtra
1190:
1183:Huāyán Sūtra
1182:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1167:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1144:"scrolls", 卷
1139:
1135:
1131:
1129:
1124:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1100:
1098:
1092:
1086:(1115–1234).
1020:Martial arts
972:Mount Jiuhua
956:Sacred Sites
938:Architecture
810:Miyun Yuanwu
573:behind Zen.
551:omnipresence
535:
531:
529:
501:
497:
493:
491:
466:
460:
442:
426:
418:
410:
405:;
395:;
378:
376:
336:Romanization
282:Hwa-eom jong
176:Southern Min
127:Hanyu Pinyin
77:Chinese name
45:
10189:Dharma talk
10018:Asalha Puja
9814:Eschatology
9617:Switzerland
9597:New Zealand
9525:Middle East
9434:Philippines
9354:Afghanistan
9159:Bodhidharma
9144:Buddhaghosa
9064:Householder
8974:Monasticism
8927:Bodhisattva
8782:Prostration
8735:Mindfulness
8663:Anapanasati
8646:Kammaṭṭhāna
8443:Korean Seon
8383:Asura realm
8378:Human realm
8318:Ten Fetters
8273:Parinirvana
8175:Uppalavanna
8140:Mahākaccana
8125:Mahākassapa
8057:Kṣitigarbha
8052:Ākāśagarbha
7949:Suddhodāna
7894:Four sights
7821:Foundations
7526:, Oup USA,
7402:Cook (1977)
7373:Cook (1977)
6668:pp. 93-104.
6664:Cook (1977)
6557:Wright 1982
5637:中華佛學學報第 9 期
5136:(2 vols.):
4307:, from the
4214:Jin dynasty
4141:(顯密圓通成佛心要集
4037:Li Tongxuan
3995:shishi wuai
3958:Dharmadhatu
3946:Chengguan's
3756:Dharmadhatu
3729:is that of
3699:calligraphy
3598:Huayan and
3542:Lankavatara
3417:nirmanakaya
3383:nirmanakaya
3371:buddhafield
3240:paradoxical
3072:Gandhavyuha
3067:Indra's net
3060:Dharmadhatu
3025:dharmadhatu
2956:Lotus Sutra
2929:Dharmadhatu
2915:Dharmadhatu
2872:Li Tongxuan
2766:Lotus sutra
2761:Lotus sutra
2730:Dharmadhatu
2617:Huāyán Jīng
2542:During the
2539:(885-958).
2537:Fayen Wenyi
2450:Yang Wenhui
2425:) faction.
2303:Yang Wenhui
2297:During the
2094:Daibutsuden
2008:Beopseongge
1952:dharmadhatu
1908:During the
1827:Mount Wutai
1688:Mani mantra
1664:Jingxin lu,
1654:, and even
1629:Western Xia
1621:Liao Empire
1561:Li Tongxuan
1537:Li Tongxuan
1459:Ch'eng-kuan
1432:Avatamsaka.
1284:Avataṃsaka.
1156:Dousha jing
1136:Huāyán Jīng
1125:Daśabhūmika
1084:Jin dynasty
977:Mount Putuo
962:Mount Wutai
835:Yang Wenhui
755:Bodhidharma
750:Amoghavajra
489:(635–730).
487:Li Tongxuan
481:(738–839),
477:(643–712),
473:(602–668),
462:Huáyán jīng
437:during the
233:Korean name
168:Fa-yim zung
133:Huáyán zōng
10419:Categories
10306:Psychology
10286:Gnosticism
10274:Comparison
10269:Influences
10251:Comparison
10134:Bhavacakra
10092:Kushinagar
10067:Pilgrimage
10013:Māgha Pūjā
9968:Bodhi Tree
9784:Buddhology
9774:Abhidharma
9766:Philosophy
9699:Menander I
9567:Costa Rica
9518:Uzbekistan
9359:Bangladesh
9313:Dhammapada
9297:Pali Canon
9259:Ajahn Chah
9239:Dalai Lama
9139:Kumārajīva
9134:Vasubandhu
9109:The Buddha
9017:Zen master
8952:Sakadagami
8932:Buddhahood
8863:Pratimokṣa
8678:Shikantaza
8634:Meditation
8609:Deity yoga
8480:Madhyamaka
8373:Deva realm
8268:Mindstream
8218:Bodhicitta
8130:Aṅgulimāla
7997:Devadatta
7973:Yaśodharā
7876:The Buddha
7866:Middle Way
7666:986748410X
7626:0824816978
7284:2023-09-01
7259:2023-09-01
6868:2023-09-02
6844:2023-09-01
6810:2023-08-31
6729:T'oung Pao
6295:2017-09-10
6211:Chang 1992
6159:2023-04-04
6110:2022-12-29
5890:2023-04-25
5682:1154101063
5586:2023-04-26
5481:8178847337
5464:8988095243
5447:1610695828
5164:2023-08-15
5095:2023-04-24
4853:2023-08-23
4380:References
4368:itself....
4329:Buddhahood
4257:, and the
4058:, 佛光三昧觀).
3988:lishi wuai
3851:Dharmakaya
3760:Amitabha's
3659:meditation
3651:repentance
3512:Madhyamaka
3483:Abhidharma
3448:Joseon era
3406:Dharmakaya
3375:Shakyamuni
3366:Avatamsaka
3313:tathagatas
3186:two truths
3162:chengxiang
2890:Empress Wu
2806:Avatamsaka
2770:Avatamsaka
2690:Buddhahood
2658:Shakyamuni
2653:, and the
2637:amalacitta
2629:Madhyamaka
2499:Five Ranks
2469:Mazu Daoyi
2379:, and the
2285:Modern Era
2252:Madhyamaka
2234:Amitabha's
1960:Avatamsaka
1738:After the
1557:Avatamsaka
1533:Vasubandhu
1497:Wade–Giles
1454:Wade–Giles
1418:Wade–Giles
1386:Wade–Giles
1351:Wade–Giles
1296:Avataṃsaka
1292:Avataṃsaka
1277:Avataṃsaka
1246:Grottoes.
1215:Avataṃsaka
1187:exegetical
1176:Avataṃsaka
1152:Avataṃsaka
1134:(Chinese:
1132:Avataṃsaka
1115:Avataṃsaka
1093:Avataṃsaka
967:Mount Emei
862:Traditions
805:Ouyi Zhixu
770:Mazu Daoyi
745:Vajrabodhi
675:Paramartha
660:Kumārajīva
555:Buddhahood
543:Madhyamaka
521:Hoa Nghiêm
427:Avataṃsaka
415:Wade–Giles
381:school of
365:Avataṃsaka
141:Wade–Giles
10374:Festivals
10354:Buddhists
10316:Theosophy
10119:Symbolism
10109:Hama yumi
10082:Bodh Gaya
9849:Socialism
9824:Evolution
9799:Economics
9637:Venezuela
9552:Australia
9547:Argentina
9471:Sri Lanka
9466:Singapore
9384:Indonesia
9346:Countries
9287:Tripiṭaka
9249:Ajahn Mun
9124:Nagarjuna
9119:Aśvaghoṣa
9002:Anagārika
8997:Śrāmaṇerī
8992:Śrāmaṇera
8987:Bhikkhunī
8947:Sotāpanna
8836:Passaddhi
8777:Offerings
8752:Nekkhamma
8629:Iddhipada
8549:Practices
8519:Theravada
8492:Vajrayana
8485:Yogachara
8455:Pure Land
8368:Six Paths
8355:Cosmology
8135:Anuruddha
8110:Sāriputta
8100:Kaundinya
8092:Disciples
8067:Vajrapāṇi
7919:Footprint
7884:Tathāgata
6913:Religions
6014:, p. 161.
5690:cite book
5071:221059276
5063:2372-9988
4723:Cook 1977
4301:Sudhana's
4266:arapacana
4242:dynasty.
3933:華嚴五教止觀).
3771:Chengguan
3764:Sukhavati
3748:Pure Land
3498:emptiness
3387:Vairocana
3327:, titled
3229:Confucius
3169:huaixiang
3144:tongxiang
3122:wholeness
3118:zongxiang
3030:" (法界緣起,
2989:Vairocana
2947:like the
2846:(華嚴經探玄記,
2738:Tathagata
2662:Vairocana
2651:Manjushri
2430:Pure Land
2387:Influence
2373:Australia
2314:East Asia
2165:Kinshō-ji
2161:Konshu-ji
2143:Shenxiang
2111:) is the
2041:Manjushri
1918:Pure Land
1808:no. X1473
1640:Heze Chan
1633:Wutaishan
1580:Chengguan
1529:Asvaghosa
1525:Nagarjuna
1442:Chengguan
1288:Manjushri
1273:Bodhiruci
1199:Gandharan
1160:Lokaksema
1095:tradition
883:Pure Land
830:Hsuan Hua
735:Chengguan
655:Lokakṣema
479:Chengguan
342:Kegon-shū
66:Chongqing
54:Vairocana
50:Manjushri
10392:Category
10321:Violence
10291:Hinduism
10239:Sanskrit
10194:Hinayana
10179:Amitābha
10139:Swastika
10008:Uposatha
9998:Holidays
9983:Calendar
9829:Humanism
9667:Kanishka
9657:Timeline
9481:Thailand
9449:Kalmykia
9444:Buryatia
9429:Pakistan
9414:Mongolia
9409:Maldives
9404:Malaysia
9369:Cambodia
9234:Shamarpa
9229:Nichiren
9179:Xuanzang
9114:Nagasena
9032:Rinpoche
8762:Pāramitā
8604:Devotion
8524:Navayana
8512:Dzogchen
8475:Nichiren
8423:Mahayana
8415:Branches
8293:Saṅkhāra
8042:Mañjuśrī
7999:(cousin)
7991:(cousin)
7959:(mother)
7951:(father)
7939:Miracles
7889:Birthday
7806:Glossary
7779:Buddhism
7639:, eds.,
6974:24577619
6304:cite web
6070:Lai 2003
4769:Lai 2003
4315:, Japan.
4230:(mainly
4185:and the
4094:dharanis
3979:一心) and
3917:and the
3895:samadhis
3855:Dharmata
3842:(T.614).
3655:dharanis
3621:Tōdai-ji
3619:(1536),
3607:Practice
3508:Yogacara
3494:Mahayana
3398:Hwaeomsa
3343:svabhava
3305:Suchness
3286:non-dual
3191:Purity (
3148:identity
3129:biexiang
3094:svabhava
3021:yuanrong
2985:Yogacara
2977:yuanrong
2953:and the
2943:, other
2934:holistic
2908:Doctrine
2858:大方廣佛華嚴經疏
2633:Yogacara
2625:Mahayana
2527:(新華嚴經論,
2508:Sandokai
2444:exegete
2436:sect of
2357:Archived
2310:Shanghai
2264:Kamakura
2214:Kōzan-ji
2169:Tōdai-ji
2113:Japanese
2098:Tōdai-ji
2053:Hwaeomsa
2049:Amitabha
2045:Maitreya
1903:Jiangnan
1816:zhi guan
1551:(新華嚴經論,
1470:大方廣佛華嚴經疏
1423:Fa-tsang
1400:Yogacara
1391:Chih-yen
1257:(十地經論),
1242:and the
1154:are the
982:Mount Lu
840:Yin Shun
800:Zhu Hong
690:Woncheuk
680:Xuanzang
665:Sengzhao
581:a series
579:Part of
547:Yogacara
541:and the
498:Xianshou
429:") is a
423:Sanskrit
419:Hua-Yen,
383:Buddhism
359:Sanskrit
162:Jyutping
52:(left),
10369:Temples
10349:Buddhas
10311:Science
10301:Judaism
10296:Jainism
10214:Lineage
10174:Abhijñā
10144:Thangka
10087:Sarnath
10072:Lumbini
9993:Funeral
9988:Cuisine
9864:Culture
9839:Reality
9789:Creator
9779:Atomism
9649:History
9622:Ukraine
9582:Germany
9501:Senegal
9491:Vietnam
9419:Myanmar
9219:Shinran
9209:Karmapa
9184:Shandao
9154:Dignāga
9079:Śrāvaka
9059:Donchee
9054:Kappiya
9012:Sayadaw
8982:Bhikkhu
8957:Anāgāmi
8914:Nirvana
8880:Samadhi
8767:Paritta
8708:Tonglen
8703:Mandala
8658:Smarana
8639:Mantras
8587:Upekkha
8557:Bhavana
8507:Shingon
8460:Tiantai
8313:Tathātā
8303:Śūnyatā
8298:Skandha
8288:Saṃsāra
8283:Rebirth
8258:Kleshas
8248:Indriya
8150:Subhūti
8035:Guanyin
7989:Ānanda
7981:Rāhula
7861:Nirvana
7801:Outline
7429:Sources
7055:伊藤真 .
5531:"Kegon"
5483:. p.108
4423:(ed.).
4273:Shingon
4203:mantras
4199:pagodas
4148:Zhenyan
3942:sifajie
3891:samadhi
3823:(大寶積經,
3783:Gyunyeo
3692:biguan,
3583:school.
3487:anatman
3462:of the
3456:panjiao
3155:yixiang
3016:dharmas
3011:xiangru
2715:states:
2655:Buddhas
2503:Caodong
2495:Caodong
2456:On Chan
2423:shanjia
2419:shanwai
2415:Tiantai
2277:In the
2256:Shingon
2241:Shingon
2226:Shingon
2151:Simsang
2068:Gyunyeo
2057:Haeinsa
2029:Chajang
1890:Beijing
1796:Chinese
1774:Kaifeng
1756:Uicheon
1752:Uicheon
1648:zhenyan
1572:Huiyuan
1541:Chinese
1489:Chinese
1446:Chinese
1410:Chinese
1378:Chinese
1356:Tu-Shun
1343:Chinese
1315:Todaiji
1201:master
1066:History
1015:Cuisine
1004:Culture
873:Tiantai
850:Nenghai
825:Hsu Yun
760:Huineng
725:Zhanran
715:Shandao
710:Daochuo
705:Tanluan
700:Huiyuan
695:Daoxuan
610:History
525:Vietnam
449:Chinese
319:けごん しゅう
220:Chữ Hán
83:Chinese
10425:Huayan
10364:Sutras
10359:Suttas
10224:Siddhi
10209:Koliya
10184:Brahmā
10099:Poetry
10045:Mantra
10035:Kasaya
9907:Pagoda
9887:Kyaung
9882:Vihāra
9877:Temple
9819:Ethics
9662:Ashoka
9612:Sweden
9607:Poland
9602:Norway
9592:Mexico
9577:France
9562:Canada
9557:Brazil
9496:Africa
9476:Taiwan
9439:Russia
9364:Bhutan
9324:Vinaya
9204:Naropa
9194:Saraha
9129:Asanga
8885:Prajñā
8794:Refuge
8757:Nianfo
8718:Tertön
8713:Tantra
8698:Ganana
8688:Tukdam
8614:Dhyāna
8582:Mudita
8577:Karuṇā
8470:Risshū
8465:Huayan
8398:Naraka
8338:Anattā
8333:Dukkha
8328:Anicca
8233:Dharma
8185:Channa
8120:Ānanda
8105:Assaji
8072:Skanda
7975:(wife)
7944:Family
7924:Relics
7849:Sangha
7844:Dharma
7839:Buddha
7705:
7684:
7664:
7647:
7624:
7563:
7547:
7530:
7510:
7492:
7477:
7306:
7235:
7214:
7193:
7152:
7132:
7109:
7089:
7012:
6992:
6972:
6787:
6576:
6514:
6189:
6143:p. 149
5845:
5680:
5670:
5516:
5479:
5462:
5445:
5069:
5061:
5018:p. 307
4998:p. 306
4978:p. 303
4706:
4374:Zongmi
4350:bhumis
4251:, the
4195:stupas
4179:, the
4173:, the
4132:Yixing
4111:Khitan
4090:Fazang
4011:nianfo
3999:Zongmi
3977:yi xin
3913:) and
3879:Ŭisang
3798:nianfo
3779:Goryeo
3777:, the
3775:Zongmi
3736:nianfo
3657:, and
3640:Taipei
3557:, and
3539:, the
3533:, the
3479:Agamas
3413:Fazang
3321:xingqi
3307:, the
3274:Taishō
3221:dharma
3203:klesha
3193:Śuddha
3137:rafter
3090:rafter
3055:holism
2981:xingqi
2926:, the
2898:Dushun
2882:Fazang
2870:, and
2868:Zhiyan
2842:, the
2808:, the
2802:Fazang
2790:Zongmi
2660:, and
2513:Shitou
2438:Ryōnin
2377:Canada
2365:Taipei
2318:Taiwan
2258:, and
2248:Gyōnen
2222:Tendai
2187:Jitchū
2139:pinyin
2125:Shinjō
2064:Goryeo
2017:Wonhyo
2003:Zhiyan
1999:Uisang
1940:nianfo
1924:, and
1866:, and
1800:Pinyin
1748:Goryeo
1625:Tangut
1618:Khitan
1543::
1499::
1491::
1456::
1448::
1420::
1412::
1406:Fazang
1388::
1380::
1374:Zhiyan
1353::
1345::
1339:Dushun
1080:Datong
893:Sanlun
888:Weishi
878:Huayan
790:Zongmi
730:Fazang
670:Jizang
505:Hwaeom
483:Zongmi
475:Fazang
471:Zhiyan
459::
457:pinyin
451::
411:Huáyán
407:pinyin
379:Huayan
239:Hangul
183:Tâi-lô
29:Huayan
10336:Lists
10204:Kalpa
10199:Iddhi
10062:Music
10057:Mudra
10023:Vassa
10003:Vesak
9973:Budai
9919:Candi
9902:Stupa
9834:Logic
9587:Italy
9486:Tibet
9424:Nepal
9394:Korea
9389:Japan
9379:India
9374:China
9319:Sutra
9274:Texts
9224:Dōgen
9214:Hōnen
9199:Atiśa
9164:Zhiyi
9074:Achar
9042:Tulku
9037:Geshe
9022:Rōshi
9007:Ajahn
8962:Arhat
8922:Bodhi
8892:Vīrya
8809:Sacca
8804:Satya
8799:Sādhu
8787:Music
8730:Merit
8723:Terma
8683:Zazen
8619:Faith
8572:Mettā
8253:Karma
8213:Bardo
8180:Asita
8170:Khema
8160:Upāli
8145:Nanda
7983:(son)
7957:Māyā
7934:Films
7811:Index
7695:(PDF)
7678:(PDF)
7587:(PDF)
7580:(PDF)
6970:JSTOR
6289:(PDF)
6282:(PDF)
5449:, p.9
5067:S2CID
4419:. In
4236:Kagyu
4232:Sakya
4224:Cundī
4152:Cundi
4083:Cundi
3781:monk
3733:(Ch.
3629:Japan
3349:God.
3331:Skt.
3233:Laozi
3213:bhumi
2920:fajie
2918:(法界,
2720:dust.
2682:upaya
2580:Texts
2567:Jinul
2517:Linji
2408:Kukai
2198:Gishō
2183:Nanto
2117:Rōben
2023:(the
1989:Korea
1986:Silla
1871:Sūtra
1750:monk
1700:sūtra
1684:Cundi
915:Texts
820:Tanxu
815:Taixu
785:Linji
720:Zhiyi
685:Kuiji
517:Japan
513:Kegon
509:Korea
435:China
299:Kanji
253:Hanja
70:China
10234:Pāḷi
10219:Māra
10129:Flag
9530:Iran
9454:Tuva
9399:Laos
9027:Lama
8875:Śīla
8843:Śīla
8831:Pīti
8821:Sati
8772:Puja
8693:Koan
8599:Dāna
8190:Yasa
8077:Tārā
7703:ISBN
7682:ISBN
7662:ISBN
7645:ISBN
7635:and
7622:ISBN
7561:ISBN
7545:ISBN
7528:ISBN
7508:ISBN
7490:ISBN
7475:ISBN
7304:ISBN
7233:ISBN
7212:ISBN
7191:ISBN
7150:ISBN
7130:ISBN
7107:ISBN
7087:ISBN
7010:ISBN
6990:ISBN
6785:ISBN
6574:ISBN
6512:ISBN
6310:link
6187:ISBN
6046:In:
5843:ISBN
5696:link
5678:OCLC
5668:ISBN
5514:ISBN
5477:ISBN
5466:p.83
5460:ISBN
5443:ISBN
5059:ISSN
4704:ISBN
4277:Myōe
4234:and
4122:Homa
4052:Myōe
3625:Nara
3600:Chan
3588:yuan
3581:Chan
3565:The
3492:The
3481:and
3473:The
3442:The
3257:shi)
3231:and
2819:the
2815:the
2782:The
2748:The
2649:and
2631:and
2563:Seon
2442:Ming
2224:and
2218:Myōe
2210:Myōe
2102:Nara
2047:and
1897:and
1726:The
1493:圭峰宗密
1466:the
1099:The
1025:Diyu
868:Chan
545:and
519:and
377:The
313:Kana
44:The
9956:Art
9892:Wat
8428:Zen
6917:doi
6737:doi
6456:doi
6434:",
6241:doi
6052:doi
5757:doi
5051:doi
4680:doi
4542:doi
4221:and
3952:" (
3929:" (
3742:In
3253:li,
3096:).
3062:).
2736:of
2639:).
2614:Ch.
2163:or
2109:華厳宗
2096:at
1873:s.
1794:" (
1650:),
1545:李通玄
1476:the
1164:fl.
1109:or
553:of
523:in
515:in
507:in
453:華嚴經
305:華厳宗
259:華嚴宗
245:화엄종
226:華嚴宗
103:華嚴宗
89:华严宗
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