History - Knowledge

1015: 2198:, is the field that includes history of ordinary people and their strategies and institutions for coping with life. In its "golden age" it was a major growth field in the 1960s and 1970s among scholars, and still is well represented in history departments. In two decades from 1975 to 1995, the proportion of professors of history in American universities identifying with social history rose from 31% to 41%, while the proportion of political historians fell from 40% to 30%. In the history departments of British universities in 2007, of the 5723 faculty members, 1644 (29%) identified themselves with social history while 1962: 2705:, Oxford's Regius Professor of history in 1904 ridiculed the system as best suited to produce superficial journalists. The Oxford tutors, who had more votes than the professors, fought back in defense of their system saying that it successfully produced Britain's outstanding statesmen, administrators, prelates, and diplomats, and that mission was as valuable as training scholars. The tutors dominated the debate until after the Second World War. It forced aspiring young scholars to teach at outlying schools, such as Manchester University, where 1635:, the historical process is rooted in the archives, therefore silences, or parts of history that are forgotten, may be an intentional part of a narrative strategy that dictates how areas of history are remembered. Historical omissions can occur in many ways and can have a profound effect on historical records. Information can also purposely be excluded or left out accidentally. Historians have coined multiple terms that describe the act of omitting historical information, including: "silencing", "selective memory", and erasures. 1406:, warned of 7 mistakes he thought historians committed. In this criticism, he approached the past as strange and in need of interpretation. The originality of Ibn Khaldun was to claim that the cultural difference of another age must govern the evaluation of relevant historical material, to distinguish the principles according to which it might be possible to attempt the evaluation, and to feel the need for experience, in addition to rational principles, in order to assess a culture of the past. Ibn Khaldun criticized "idle 2740:

the History/Geography group in the Inspectorate of National Education advised that teachers should provide historic documents and promote "active methods" which would give pupils "the immense happiness of discovery". Proponents said it was a reaction against the memorization of names and dates that characterized teaching and left the students bored. Traditionalists protested loudly it was a postmodern innovation that threatened to leave the youth ignorant of French patriotism and national identity.

732: 1896:, with subdivisions that are also based on different styles of material remains. Here prehistory is divided into a series of "chapters" so that periods in history could unfold not only in a relative chronology but also narrative chronology. This narrative content could be in the form of functional-economic interpretation. There are periodizations, however, that do not have this narrative aspect, relying largely on relative chronology, and that are thus devoid of any specific meaning. 19288: 12364: 64: 2534:

social effects of perceived differences between the sexes and how all genders use allotted power in societal and political structures. Despite being a relatively new field, gender history has had a significant effect on the general study of history. Gender history traditionally differs from women's history in its inclusion of all aspects of gender such as masculinity and femininity, and today's gender history extends to include people who identify outside of that binary.

2610: 1070:, and attempted to answer historical questions through the study of written documents and oral accounts. From the beginning, historians have used such sources as monuments, inscriptions, and pictures. In general, the sources of historical knowledge can be separated into three categories: what is written, what is said, and what is physically preserved, and historians often consult all three. But writing is the marker that separates history from what comes before. 17436: 8440: 19133: 18149: 12328: 11110: 10137: 9153: 447: 1218: 12353: 19186: 19254: 687:. However, ancient cultural influences have helped create variant interpretations of the nature of history, which have evolved over the centuries and continue to change today. The modern study of history is wide-ranging, and includes the study of specific regions and certain topical or thematic elements of historical investigation. History is taught as a part of primary and secondary education, and the academic study of history is a 19271: 19237: 1036:

is a result of circumscribing a more general archive by invalidating the usage of certain texts and documents (by falsifying their claims to represent the "true past"). Part of the historian's role is to skillfully and objectively use the many sources from the past, most often found in the archives. The process of creating a narrative inevitably generates debate, as historians remember or emphasize different events of the past.

19305: 19220: 492: 2789:

deliberately unpatriotic undertone" and reflects "principles formulated by international organizations such as UNESCO or the Council of Europe, thus oriented towards human rights, democracy and peace." The result is that "German textbooks usually downplay national pride and ambitions and aim to develop an understanding of citizenship centered on democracy, progress, human rights, peace, tolerance and Europeanness."

2749: 19203: 19143: 12340: 11120: 10147: 2801: 434: 1487:. Many are noted for their multidisciplinary approach e.g. Braudel combined history with geography. Nevertheless, these multidisciplinary approaches failed to produce a theory of history. So far only one theory of history came from a professional historian. Whatever other theories of history exist, they were written by experts from other fields (for example, Marxian theory of history). The field of 2600: 1172: 16905: 7909: 1936:(1833), "without geographical basis, the people, the makers of history, seem to be walking on air". Weather patterns, the water supply, and the landscape of a place all affect the lives of the people who live there. For example, to explain why the ancient Egyptians developed a successful civilization, studying the 2721:

From the origins of national school systems in the 19th century, the teaching of history to promote national sentiment has been a high priority. In the United States after World War I, a strong movement emerged at the university level to teach courses in Western Civilization, so as to give students a

2354:

notes that after the First World War, "diplomatic history replaced constitutional history as the flagship of historical investigation, at once the most important, most exact and most sophisticated of historical studies". She adds that after 1945, the trend reversed, allowing social history to replace

2341:

focuses on the relationships between nations, primarily regarding diplomacy and the causes of wars. More recently it looks at the causes of peace and human rights. It typically presents the viewpoints of the foreign office, and long-term strategic values, as the driving force of continuity and change

2315:

as the dominant form in the 1980s and 1990s. It typically combines the approaches of anthropology and history to look at language, popular cultural traditions and cultural interpretations of historical experience. It examines the records and narrative descriptions of past knowledge, customs, and arts

1320:, rather than the result of divine intervention (though Herodotus was not wholly committed to this idea himself). In his historical method, Thucydides emphasized chronology, a nominally neutral point of view, and that the human world was the result of human actions. Greek historians viewed history as 705:, he helped form the foundations for the modern study of past events and societies. Their works continue to be read today, and the gap between the culture-focused Herodotus and the military-focused Thucydides remains a point of contention or approach in modern historical writing. In East Asia a state 2739:

and other journals for teachers. Also influential was the Institut national de recherche et de documentation pédagogique (INRDP). Joseph Leif, the Inspector-general of teacher training, said pupils children should learn about historians' approaches as well as facts and dates. Louis François, Dean of

2422:

World history is the study of major civilizations over the last 3000 years or so. World history is primarily a teaching field, rather than a research field. It gained popularity in the United States, Japan and other countries after the 1980s with the realization that students need a broader exposure

2378:

deals with the history of individual business organizations, business methods, government regulation, labour relations, and impact on society. It also includes biographies of individual companies, executives, and entrepreneurs. It is related to economic history. Business history is most often taught

1450:

in Germany. He limited history to "what really happened" and by this directed the field further away from science. For Ranke, historical data should be collected carefully, examined objectively and put together with critical rigor. But these procedures "are merely the prerequisites and preliminaries

1437:

summarized these methods:"From the successive strata of our historical deposits, they diligently gather all the highly colored fragments, pounce upon everything that is curious and sparkling and chuckle like children over their glittering acquisitions; meanwhile the rich veins of wisdom that ramify

2579:

describes the broad range of activities undertaken by people with some training in the discipline of history who are generally working outside of specialized academic settings. Public history practice has quite deep roots in the areas of historic preservation, archival science, oral history, museum

1940:

is essential. Egyptian civilization was built on the banks of the Nile River, which flooded each year, depositing soil on its banks. The rich soil could help farmers grow enough crops to feed the people in the cities. That meant everyone did not have to farm, so some people could perform other jobs

1035:

All events that are remembered and preserved in some authentic form constitute the historical record. The task of historical discourse is to identify the sources which can most usefully contribute to the production of accurate accounts of past. Therefore, the constitution of the historian's archive

1032:, "All history is contemporary history". History is facilitated by the formation of a "true discourse of past" through the production of narrative and analysis of past events relating to the human race. The modern discipline of history is dedicated to the institutional production of this discourse. 1186:

and practices (for example, the move from short-term biographical narrative toward long-term thematic analysis). Secondly, it can refer to what has been produced: a specific body of historical writing (for example, "medieval historiography during the 1960s" means "Works of medieval history written

1144:

The line of demarcation between prehistoric and historical times is crossed when people cease to live only in the present, and become consciously interested both in their past and in their future. History begins with the handing down of tradition; and tradition means the carrying of the habits and

2712:

In the United States, scholarship was concentrated at the major PhD-producing universities, while the large number of other colleges and universities focused on undergraduate teaching. A tendency in the 21st century was for the latter schools to increasingly demand scholarly productivity of their

2533:

historians dismissing the importance of women in history. According to Joan W. Scott, "Gender is a constitutive element of social relationships based on perceived differences between the sexes, and gender is a primary way of signifying relations of power", meaning that gender historians study the

1123:

around the world, as that experience has been preserved, largely in written records. By "prehistory", historians mean the recovery of knowledge of the past in an area where no written records exist, or where the writing of a culture is not understood. By studying painting, drawings, carvings, and

2756:

In several countries history textbooks are tools to foster nationalism and patriotism, and give students the official narrative about national enemies. In many countries, history textbooks are sponsored by the national government and are written to put the national heritage in the most favorable

1903:

and other scientific methods to give actual dates for many sites or artefacts, these long-established schemes seem likely to remain in use. In many cases neighboring cultures with writing have left some history of cultures without it, which may be used. Periodization, however, is not viewed as a

3998:

Marx makes no claim to have produced a master key to history. Historical materialism is not "an historico-philosophic theory of the marche generale imposed by fate upon every people, whatever the historic circumstances in which it finds itself" (Marx, Karl: Letter to editor of the Russian paper

1445:

expressed a dream of history becoming one day a science: "In regard to nature, events apparently the most irregular and capricious have been explained and have been shown to be in accordance with certain fixed and universal laws. This has been done because men of ability and, above all, men of

1076:

is especially helpful in unearthing buried sites and objects, which contribute to the study of history. Archeological finds rarely stand alone, with narrative sources complementing its discoveries. Archeology's methodologies and approaches are independent from the field of history. "Historical

2788:

for example, was criticized for describing Africans brought to American plantations as "workers" instead of slaves in a textbook. In 21st-century Germany, the history curriculum is controlled by the 16 states, and is characterized not by superpatriotism but rather by an "almost pacifistic and

2219:

saw it as the bridging point between economic and political history, reflecting that, "Without social history, economic history is barren and political history unintelligible." While the field has often been viewed negatively as history with the politics left out, it has also been defended as

1446:

patient, untiring thought have studied events with the view of discovering their regularity, and if human events were subject to a similar treatment, we have every right to expect similar results. Contrary to Buckle's dream, the 19th-century historian with greatest influence on methods became

1088:, territorially, and thematically. These divisions are not mutually exclusive, and significant intersections are present. It is possible for historians to concern themselves with both the very specific and the very general, though the trend has been toward specialization. The area called 1646:

proposed three ways to combat bias and ensure authentic and accurate narratives: narratives must not contradict known fact, they must make ecological sense (specifically for environmental history), and published work must be reviewed by scholarly community and other historians to ensure

3554: 2202:

came next with 1425 (25%). The "old" social history before the 1960s was a hodgepodge of topics without a central theme, and it often included political movements, like Populism, that were "social" in the sense of being outside the elite system. Social history was contrasted with

1904:

perfect framework, with one account explaining that "cultural changes do not conveniently start and stop (combinedly) at periodization boundaries" and that different trajectories of change need to be studied in their own right before they get intertwined with cultural phenomena.

2580:

curatorship, and other related fields. The term itself began to be used in the United States and Canada in the late 1970s, and the field has become increasingly professionalized since that time. Some of the most common settings for public history are museums, historic homes and

2144:

concerns warfare, strategies, battles, weapons, and the psychology of combat. The "new military history" since the 1970s has been concerned with soldiers more than generals, with psychology more than tactics, and with the broader impact of warfare on society and culture.

16199: 7203: 2393:

Environmental history is a new field that emerged in the 1980s to look at the history of the environment, especially in the long run, and the impact of human activities upon it. It is an offshoot of the environmental movement, which was kickstarted by Rachel Carson's

3281: 864:, with new developments in the meaning: "account of the events of a person's life (beginning of the 12th century), chronicle, account of events as relevant to a group of people or people in general (1155), dramatic or pictorial representation of historical events ( 18285: 9289: 2620:

Professional and amateur historians discover, collect, organize, and present information about past events. They discover this information through archeological evidence, written primary sources, verbal stories or oral histories, and other archival material. In

1438:

amidst this worthless debris, lie utterly neglected. Cumbrous volumes of rubbish are greedily accumulated, while those masses of rich ore, that should have been dug out, and from which golden truths might have been smelted, are left untaught and unsought."

1081:, US, has sought to understand the contradiction between textual documents idealizing "liberty" and the material record, demonstrating the possession of slaves and the inequalities of wealth made apparent by the study of the total historical environment. 1630:

suggested that history is linked to politics by the practice of silence itself. He said: "A second common view of the link between history and politics rests on the elementary observation that historians are often influenced by politics." According to

17640: 8644: 632:

to describe, examine, question, and analyze past events, and investigate their patterns of cause and effect. Historians debate which narrative best explains an event, as well as the significance of different causes and effects. Historians debate the

1459:, history is not a science. Thus if Historians tell us that, given the manner in which he practices his craft, it cannot be considered a science, we must take him at his word. If he is not doing science, then, whatever else he is doing, he is not 1299:

have written and published extensively to pull together a "universal history" in the early modern period. This written corpus and discourse in Europe includes ethnographic encounters, comparative philosophy, as well as archaeological discovery.

1124:

other artifacts, some information can be recovered even in the absence of a written record. Since the 20th century, the study of prehistory is considered essential to avoid history's implicit exclusion of certain civilizations, such as those of

16245: 7249: 16233: 7237: 2461:. A people's history is the history of the world that is the story of mass movements and of the outsiders. Individuals or groups not included in the past in other types of writing about history are the primary focus, which includes the 2495:

Intellectual history and the history of ideas emerged in the mid-20th century, with the focus on the intellectuals and their books on the one hand, and on the other the study of ideas as disembodied objects with a career of their own.

1854:

names in order to allow "organising ideas and classificatory generalisations" to be used by historians. The names given to a period can vary with geographical location, as can the dates of the beginning and end of a particular period.

2035:

is the collective history of several distinct peripheral coastal regions: the Middle East, South Asia, East Asia, Southeast Asia, and Europe, linked by the interior mass of the Eurasian Steppe of Central Asia and Eastern Europe.

16630: 7634: 3265: 5155: 2438:

every quarter since 1990. The H-World discussion list serves as a network of communication among practitioners of world history, with discussions among scholars, announcements, syllabi, bibliographies and book reviews.

2373:

Although economic history has been well established since the late 19th century, in recent years academic studies have shifted more and more toward economics departments and away from traditional history departments.

16872: 7876: 5503:

Discussion of the impact of the end of the Cold War upon scholarly research funding, the impact of the Internet and Knowledge on history study and teaching, and the importance of storytelling in history writing and

916:

was "story" in general. The restriction to the meaning "the branch of knowledge that deals with past events; the formal record or study of past events, esp. human affairs" arose in the mid-15th century. With the

1867:

used. Most periods are constructed retrospectively and so reflect value judgments made about the past. The way periods are constructed and the names given to them can affect the way they are viewed and studied.

3630: 17635: 8639: 1027:

Historians write in the context of their own time, and with due regard to the current dominant ideas of how to interpret the past, and sometimes write to provide lessons for their own society. In the words of

16221: 7225: 5379: 1639:, a twentieth century historian who focused much of her work on historical omissions involving women and their accomplishments, explained the negative impact that these omissions had on minority groups. 1077:

archaeology" is a specific branch of archeology which often contrasts its conclusions against those of contemporary textual sources. For example, Mark Leone, the excavator and interpreter of historical

18354: 9358: 1557:

at any given time – in other words, the relationships which people have with each other in order to fulfill basic needs such as feeding, clothing and housing themselves and their families. Overall,

2772:, textbooks published by the same company often differ in content from state to state. An example of content that is represented different in different regions of the country is the history of the 2177:. Topics range widely from political and cultural and artistic dimensions, to theology and liturgy. This subject studies religions from all regions and areas of the world where humans have lived. 17791: 17431: 8795: 8435: 820:, meaning "investigation, inquiry, research, account, description, written account of past events, writing of history, historical narrative, recorded knowledge of past events, story, narrative". 1524:

have argued for the significance of ideas in history. American historians, motivated by the civil rights era, focused on formerly overlooked ethnic, racial, and socioeconomic groups. A genre of

16900: 7904: 2761:

has been removed from textbooks and the entire Second World War is given cursory treatment. Other countries have complained. Another example includes Turkey, where there is no mention of the

2647:

Since the 20th century, Western historians have disavowed the aspiration to provide the "judgement of history". The goals of historical judgements or interpretations are separate to those of

17831: 16018: 8835: 7022: 1047:. It can be seen as a bridge between those two broad areas, incorporating methodologies from both. Some historians strongly support one or the other classification. In the 20th century the 17007: 8011: 18849: 18224: 9853: 9228: 715:, was reputed to date from as early as 722 BCE, though only 2nd-century BCE texts have survived. The title "father of history" has also been attributed, in their respective societies, to 701:, is often considered the "father of history", as one of the first historians in the Western tradition, though he has been criticized as the "father of lies". Along with his contemporary 18236: 9240: 16216: 7220: 2159:

The history of religion has been a main theme for both secular and religious historians for centuries, and continues to be taught in seminaries and academe. Leading journals include

2048:

can be seen as the collective history of several distinct peripheral coastal regions, East Asia, South Asia, and the Middle East, linked by the interior mass of the Eurasian Steppe.

1199:, use of evidence, or method of presentation of other historians. Historians debate whether history can be taught as a single coherent narrative or a series of competing narratives. 18280: 9284: 17949: 17002: 16635: 16194: 8953: 8006: 7639: 7198: 16917: 7921: 18434: 18410: 18378: 18268: 9438: 9414: 9382: 9272: 18422: 18317: 9426: 9321: 17021: 16618: 8025: 7622: 18481: 15986: 9485: 6990: 2765:

in Turkish textbooks as a result of the denial of the genocide. Academic historians have often fought against the politicization of the textbooks, sometimes with success.

5348: 17750: 16327: 8754: 7331: 4498:

Diplomatic dropped from 5% to 3%, economic history from 7% to 5%, and cultural history grew from 14% to 16%. Based on full-time professors in U.S. history departments.

1997:

begins with the first emergence of modern human beings on the continent, continuing into its modern present as a patchwork of diverse and politically developing states.

1928:. Understanding why historic events took place is important. To do this, historians often turn to the methods and theory from the discipline of geography. According to 18663: 16182: 9667: 7186: 1471:, to more objective and complex analyses of social and intellectual forces. A major trend of historical methodology in the 20th century was to treat history more as a 1606:

Today, most historians begin their research in the archives, on either a physical or digital platform. They often propose an argument and use research to support it.

18709: 18476: 17894: 15516: 11657: 9713: 9480: 8898: 6520: 2625:, historians can be grouped by order of the historical period in which they were writing, which is not necessarily the same as the period in which they specialized. 16642: 16532: 16240: 16032: 7646: 7536: 7244: 7036: 5371: 18691: 17414: 9695: 8418: 1195:

analysis of descriptions of the past, this third conception can relate to the first two in that the analysis usually focuses on the narratives, interpretations,

552: 18486: 16599: 16450: 16433: 9490: 7603: 7454: 7437: 3527:

Ritter, H. (1986). Dictionary of concepts in history. Reference sources for the social sciences and humanities, no. 3. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press. p. 416.

3439: 2094:

dates back at least 700 years to when it was discovered and settled by Polynesians, who developed a distinct Māori culture centered on kinship links and land.

912:

of the 1390s (VI.1383): "I finde in a bok compiled | To this matiere an old histoire, | The which comth nou to mi memoire". In Middle English, the meaning of

18983: 17549: 13529: 9987: 8553: 17776: 8780: 16694: 15907: 7698: 6911: 4932: 3538: 1451:

of science. The heart of science is searching out order and regularity in the data being examined and in formulating generalizations or laws about them."

18461: 17988: 17599: 17475: 15677: 9465: 8992: 8603: 8479: 6681: 2713:

younger tenure-track faculty. Furthermore, universities have increasingly relied on inexpensive part-time adjuncts to do most of the classroom teaching.

17040: 8044: 16985: 7989: 5132: 5106: 2698: 17057: 8061: 2127:

Political history covers the type of government, the branches of government, leaders, legislation, political activism, political parties, and voting.

18977: 17265: 17045: 9981: 8269: 8049: 18989: 18466: 18359: 18322: 18123: 16912: 9993: 9470: 9363: 9326: 9127: 7916: 3250:

Ioannis Ludouici Viuis Valentini, De disciplinis libri 20. in tres tomos distincti, quorum ordinem versa pagella iudicabit. Cum indice copiosissimo

18302: 18037: 15258: 9306: 9041: 6262: 4747:

Robert Whaples, "Is Economic History a Neglected Field of Study?", Historically Speaking (April 2010) v. 11#2 pp. 17–20, with responses pp. 20–27

18621: 9625: 18516: 18100: 18012: 16320: 9520: 9104: 9016: 7324: 1479:, which traditionally had been the case. Leading advocates of history as a social science were a diverse collection of scholars which included 3983: 2868: 2709:

was professionalizing the History undergraduate programme by introducing the study of original sources and requiring the writing of a thesis.

2066:

begins with the earliest civilizations in the region now known as the Middle East that were established around 3000 BC, in Mesopotamia (Iraq).

1953:

cited as a crucial influence on the course of history. Huntington and Semple further argued that climate has an impact on racial temperament.

1433:

In the West, historians developed modern methods of historiography in the 17th and 18th centuries, especially in France and Germany. In 1851,

1157:

in the past, and the oral records maintained and transmitted to succeeding generations, even before their contact with European civilization.

18839: 18611: 18471: 18258: 17755: 16510: 14632: 11522: 9843: 9615: 9475: 9262: 8759: 7514: 4500:

Haber, Stephen H.; Kennedy, David M.; Krasner, Stephen D. (1997). "Brothers under the Skin: Diplomatic History and International Relations".

4384: 4787: 4713: 2959: 1595:

have challenged the validity and need for the study of history on the basis all history is based on the personal interpretation of sources.

17676: 16281: 14328: 14004: 8680: 7285: 2928: 1974: 2477:, and the otherwise forgotten people. The authors are typically on the left and have a socialist model in mind, as in the approach of the 18598: 18204: 17873: 17575: 17026: 16500: 12402: 9602: 9208: 8877: 8579: 8030: 7504: 1182:

Historiography has a number of related meanings. Firstly, it can refer to how history has been produced: the story of the development of

5568: 4909: 3208: 18783: 18451: 18405: 18044: 17341: 16593: 16044: 9787: 9455: 9409: 9048: 8345: 7597: 7048: 478: 4543: 1583:'s theories by analyzing history from a Marxist perspective. In response to the Marxist interpretation of history, historians such as 1510:

introduced quantitative history, using raw data to track the lives of typical individuals, and were prominent in the establishment of

18400: 18395: 18090: 16760: 11707: 9404: 9399: 9094: 7764: 652:

comprising past events as well as the memory, discovery, collection, organization, presentation, and interpretation of these events.

18292: 16023: 9296: 7027: 2347: 2027:

is the study of the past passed down from generation to generation on the continent in the Earth's Southern and Western Hemispheres.

2009:

is the study of the past passed down from generation to generation on the continent in the Earth's Northern and Western Hemispheres.

1467:

In the 20th century, academic historians focused less on epic nationalistic narratives, which often tended to glorify the nation or

1414:

to the study of history, and referred to it as his "new science". His method laid the groundwork for the observation of the role of

19113: 17700: 17399: 15902: 14772: 10117: 8704: 8403: 6906: 5776: 2651:, that need to be formulated quickly after the events and be final. A related issue to that of the judgement of history is that of 1491:

has begun to address ways of using computer technology, to pose new questions to historical data and generate digital scholarship.

17954: 8958: 3684: 2108:

emerges from early Western theories of a vast continent known as Terra Australis, believed to exist in the far south of the globe.

1092:

resists this specialization, and searches for universal patterns or trends. History has often been studied with some practical or

18854: 18329: 17836: 17671: 17485: 17409: 16997: 16098: 10719: 10555: 9858: 9333: 8840: 8675: 8489: 8413: 8001: 7102: 1020: 17851: 16867: 8855: 7871: 2316:

of a group of people. How peoples constructed their memory of the past is a major topic. Cultural history includes the study of

18753: 18439: 18427: 18415: 18383: 18297: 18273: 18241: 18229: 17930: 17912: 17863: 17517: 16805: 16108: 15091: 13040: 9757: 9443: 9431: 9419: 9387: 9301: 9277: 9245: 9233: 8934: 8916: 8867: 8521: 7809: 7112: 6095: 5340: 2122: 1610:

proposed that history is an argument, which creates the possibility of creating change. Digital information companies, such as

1430:

in history, and so is sometimes considered to be the "father of historiography" or the "father of the philosophy of history".

1876:

The field of history generally leaves prehistory to archeologists, who have entirely different sets of tools and theories. In

816:

inscriptions (in a legal sense, either "judge" or "witness", or similar). The Greek word was borrowed into Classical Latin as

607: 18949: 18788: 18199: 17258: 16187: 11609: 11594: 10184: 9953: 9792: 9203: 8262: 7191: 5622: 4832: 5636: 3428: 3407: 18934: 18778: 18546: 18085: 18054: 17524: 17455: 17171: 17107: 17085: 16766: 16009: 15289: 13775: 11604: 11575: 11532: 11156: 9938: 9782: 9550: 9089: 9058: 8528: 8459: 8175: 8111: 8089: 7770: 7013: 6293: 5703: 5490: 5039: 2684:, particularly in the fields of national, political, military, and religious affairs, are often rejected as pseudohistory. 1775:: the collection and study of historical information by utilizing spoken interviews with people who have lived past events. 1573:

was once orthodoxy in the Soviet Union, but since the communism's collapse there, its influence has significantly reduced.

16037: 7041: 3627: 3348: 19174: 18064: 17842: 17720: 17710: 17500: 17346: 17181: 16383: 16113: 16063: 14805: 9068: 8846: 8724: 8714: 8504: 8350: 8185: 7387: 7117: 7067: 5809: 3480:

Trouillot, Michel-Rolph (1995). "The Three Faces of Sans Souci: The Glories and the Silences in the Haitian Revolution".

1850:

Historical study often focuses on events and developments that occur in particular blocks of time. Historians give these

688: 18390: 16623: 9394: 7627: 840:("history, narrative, story"), but this word fell out of use in the late Old English period. Meanwhile, as Latin became 18944: 18019: 17781: 17144: 16926: 16465: 14122: 12626: 9948: 9023: 8785: 8148: 7930: 7469: 5562: 4903: 4707: 4637: 4602: 4573: 4415: 4370: 4298: 4273: 4210: 3548: 3275: 3183: 3148: 3025: 2990: 2848: 1989:), and other dignitaries. At right, a winged figure, representing History, carving the "great event" on a stone tablet. 407: 17419: 8423: 2021:

is the study of the past passed down from generation to generation on the continent in the Earth's Western Hemisphere.

18626: 17529: 17495: 17480: 16475: 16315: 16310: 16298: 15761: 14625: 14323: 13919: 11547: 9630: 8533: 8499: 8484: 7479: 7319: 7314: 7302: 6765: 5662: 4659: 4325: 3878: 3794: 3769: 3741: 3458: 2726:

or requiring students to take courses in non-western cultures, to prepare students for life in a globalized economy.

17583: 16566: 8587: 7570: 1316:. Thucydides, unlike Herodotus, regarded history as the product of the choices and actions of humans, and looked at 980:, which are solidly synthetic and highly inflected, the same word is still used to mean both "history" and "story". 18526: 18152: 17868: 17544: 17507: 17380: 17251: 16081: 16076: 15735: 13959: 13599: 13519: 13499: 12344: 9530: 9156: 8872: 8548: 8511: 8384: 8255: 7085: 7080: 6739: 4764: 1463:

science. The traditional Historian is thus no scientist and history, as conventionally practiced, is not a science.

1312: 17705: 17651: 17512: 16071: 15912: 8709: 8655: 8516: 7075: 6916: 19146: 18568: 17611: 17593: 17426: 17117: 16086: 15939: 15469: 15087: 12395: 12280: 11652: 11500: 10669: 10324: 10150: 9572: 8615: 8597: 8430: 8121: 7090: 6943: 6473: 6091: 4003:, 1877). His ideas, he explains, are based on a concrete study of the actual conditions that pertained in Europe. 2890: 16428: 12368: 7432: 4965: 1145:

lessons of the past into the future. Records of the past begin to be kept for the benefit of future generations.

18748: 18740: 18703: 18685: 18506: 18339: 18194: 18049: 17997: 17970: 17732: 17329: 17127: 16938: 16793: 16505: 16460: 16445: 15969: 12237: 11891: 11732: 11527: 10548: 9752: 9744: 9707: 9689: 9510: 9343: 9198: 9053: 9001: 8974: 8736: 8333: 8131: 7942: 7797: 7509: 7464: 7449: 6973: 5606: 5517: 5457: 5014: 4185: 4084: 4056: 3853: 3819: 3661: 3585: 3512: 3113: 3060: 2232: 2173: 2167: 2097: 1341: 664:, art and material artifacts, and ecological markers. History is incomplete and still has debatable mysteries. 471: 296: 15521: 6525: 4012:

Mikhail M. Krom, "From the Center to the Margin: the Fate of Marxism in Contemporary Russian Historiography",

1289:; and, together, external criticism. The sixth and final inquiry about a source is called internal criticism. 18844: 18812: 18735: 18541: 17568: 17460: 17334: 16455: 16378: 16332: 15027: 14369: 14117: 13489: 13000: 11844: 11700: 9848: 9816: 9739: 9545: 8572: 8464: 8338: 7459: 7382: 7336: 6031: 5217: 2088:

starts with the documentation of the Makassar trading with Indigenous Australians on Australia's north coast.

1395: 1374: 764: 667:

Stories common to a particular culture, but not supported by external sources (such as the tales surrounding

641: 519: 18248: 17904: 9252: 8908: 5405: 4870: 19340: 19035: 18897: 18714: 18344: 18312: 17801: 16953: 16013: 14844: 14765: 14618: 14112: 13559: 13428: 12185: 12095: 10631: 10039: 9901: 9718: 9348: 9316: 8805: 7957: 7017: 5848: 5769: 2777: 176: 17: 17661: 16713: 8665: 7717: 992:

is still used to mean both "what happened with men" and "the scholarly study of the happened" or the word

902:, but seems to have become a common word in the late 14th century, with an early attestation appearing in 19106: 18939: 18805: 18697: 18675: 17878: 17846: 17796: 17604: 17554: 17445: 17186: 16948: 16824: 16818: 16799: 16004: 15833: 15716: 15263: 14302: 14172: 12861: 11737: 11558: 10922: 10110: 9943: 9809: 9701: 9679: 8882: 8850: 8800: 8608: 8558: 8449: 8190: 7952: 7828: 7822: 7803: 7008: 6837: 6720: 6267: 1982: 1399: 620: 'inquiry; knowledge acquired by investigation') is the systematic study and documentation of human 412: 402: 19192: 17322: 16975: 8326: 7979: 5431:

Annotated guide to 27,000 of the most important English language history books in all fields and topics.

4642:. (With 275 specialists from all continents, all specialities, all periods from prehistory to nowadays). 2697:

A major intellectual battle took place in Britain in the early twentieth century regarding the place of

19026: 18903: 18880: 18765: 18668: 18606: 18578: 18214: 18027: 17760: 17534: 17191: 17122: 16777: 16647: 16576: 15721: 15555: 15545: 14512: 14492: 13742: 12388: 10274: 10254: 10030: 9907: 9884: 9769: 9672: 9610: 9582: 9218: 9031: 8764: 8538: 8195: 8126: 7781: 7651: 7580: 6725: 6559: 6549: 2267: 2063: 2018: 1737:: the study of ideas in the context of the cultures that produced them and their development over time. 1607: 281: 266: 17983: 16931: 16862: 16752: 13005: 8987: 7935: 7866: 7756: 4341:

Howard, Michael; Bond, Brian; Stagg, J. C. A.; Chandler, David; Best, Geoffrey; Terrine, John (1988).

1014: 19051: 18961: 18307: 16659: 16140: 15682: 15511: 15163: 14502: 14474: 14307: 14086: 13629: 13579: 12509: 11999: 11727: 11662: 11614: 10985: 10834: 10714: 10264: 10177: 10055: 9965: 9311: 7663: 7144: 6686: 6515: 6167: 5123:

Herder and the Holocaust: A Debate About Difference and Determinism in the Context of Comparative Law

5097:

Herder and the Holocaust: A Debate About Difference and Determinism in the Context of Comparative Law

3017: 3011: 2768:

It was standard policy in communist countries to present only a rigid Marxist historiography. In the

2417: 2069: 1942: 1805:: studies about the past that fall outside the domain of mainstream history (sometimes equivalent to 1565:

claimed to have identified five successive stages of the development of these material conditions in

526: 464: 311: 79: 17050: 8054: 3977: 1306:, from the 5th century BC, has been acclaimed as the "father of history". However, his contemporary 19046: 17826: 17806: 17363: 17297: 17132: 16707: 16177: 15964: 15921: 15712: 15409: 14569: 13768: 13619: 13569: 13378: 12668: 12332: 12180: 12170: 11967: 11693: 11647: 11296: 11149: 10684: 10050: 8830: 8810: 8367: 8301: 8136: 7711: 7181: 6968: 6925: 6716: 6413: 4784: 2864: 2672:

is a term applied to texts which purport to be historical in nature but which depart from standard

2478: 2161: 2024: 2012: 2006: 2003:

is the collective history of North and South America, including the Caribbean and Central America.

711: 316: 301: 291: 39: 17161: 8165: 2722:

common heritage with Europe. In the U.S. after 1980, attention increasingly moved toward teaching

1831:: the study of history from a global perspective, with special attention to non-Western societies. 1066:

Traditionally, historians have recorded events of the past, either in writing or by passing on an

19136: 19041: 18536: 17978: 17215: 17154: 17080: 16943: 16724: 16480: 16293: 16288: 16266: 16228: 16208: 15842: 15838: 15655: 15528: 15491: 15474: 15294: 14758: 14507: 14457: 14244: 14091: 13699: 13010: 12363: 12142: 12030: 11925: 10940: 10591: 10140: 10045: 9540: 8982: 8219: 8158: 8084: 7947: 7728: 7484: 7297: 7292: 7270: 7232: 7212: 6846: 6842: 6659: 6532: 6495: 6478: 6298: 5762: 5400:

Simone Lässig and Karl Heinrich Pohl, "History Textbooks and Historical Scholarship in Germany",

4679: 2951: 2000: 698: 417: 17353: 17317: 13363: 8357: 8321: 5199:

Jacqueline Swansinger, "Preparing Student Teachers for a World History Curriculum in New York",

4342: 3720:

Historiography in the twentieth century: From scientific objectivity to the postmodern challenge

2920: 1538:

examined what everyday life was like for ordinary people in 20th-century Germany, especially in

1310:

is credited with having first approached history with a well-developed historical method in the

933:

was "the knowledge of objects determined by space and time", that sort of knowledge provided by

18870: 18822: 18817: 17786: 17740: 17589: 17095: 16549: 16522: 16492: 16356: 16303: 16120: 15996: 15891: 15731: 15726: 15584: 15550: 15538: 15533: 15496: 15446: 15304: 15284: 14970: 14915: 14689: 14407: 14208: 13954: 13853: 12985: 12897: 12252: 11972: 11800: 11435: 10294: 9874: 9826: 9821: 8790: 8744: 8593: 8099: 7553: 7526: 7496: 7360: 7307: 7124: 7000: 6895: 6735: 6730: 6588: 6554: 6542: 6537: 6500: 6450: 6308: 6288: 5974: 5919: 5709: 2773: 2677: 2287: 2091: 2060:

is the study of the past passed down from generation to generation in the sub-Himalayan region.

2042:

describes the passage of time from humans inhabiting the European continent to the present day.

1970: 1950: 1713:: the study of historical events as they might have happened in different causal circumstances. 1710: 1669: 1632: 1576: 1570: 1550: 1516: 1350: 1171: 1150: 755: 600: 397: 286: 202: 18349: 16604: 11673: 9353: 7608: 5129: 5103: 4459:

Gajano, Sofia Boesch; Caliò, Tommaso (1998). "Italian Religious Historiography in the 1990s".

3052: 3046: 2584:, parks, battlefields, archives, film and television companies, and all levels of government. 2423:

to the world as globalization proceeds. It has led to highly controversial interpretations by

1701:: the historical analysis of social and cultural entities not confined to national boundaries. 1149:

This definition includes within the scope of history the strong interests of peoples, such as

964:

dichotomy, English like Chinese (史 vs. 诌) now designates separate words for human history and

637:

as an end in itself, and its usefulness in giving perspective on the problems of the present.

19209: 18994: 18885: 18865: 18730: 18680: 18573: 18563: 18253: 18219: 18128: 17139: 16877: 16772: 16699: 16571: 15974: 15691: 15645: 15640: 15589: 15253: 15234: 15050: 14945: 14672: 14641: 14009: 13704: 13694: 13589: 13115: 13070: 12573: 12175: 12165: 12127: 12100: 12062: 12035: 11945: 11854: 11773: 11763: 11511: 11123: 10755: 10700: 10654: 10639: 10284: 9998: 9889: 9869: 9734: 9684: 9577: 9567: 9257: 9223: 9132: 8143: 7881: 7776: 7703: 7575: 6978: 6695: 6649: 6644: 6593: 6257: 6238: 6054: 5949: 5551:"The Institutionalization and Professionalization of History in Europe and the United States" 5550: 4893: 4594: 3200: 3175: 3169: 3140: 3134: 2785: 2723: 2706: 2702: 2407: 2388: 2262: 2105: 1828: 1673: 1222: 1188: 845: 507: 390: 256: 18798: 18209: 17745: 9802: 9213: 8749: 19081: 18558: 17899: 17616: 16971: 16811: 16544: 16420: 16391: 16162: 15824: 15798: 15745: 15579: 15506: 15351: 15316: 15270: 15238: 15116: 14830: 14442: 14383: 14359: 14354: 13709: 13509: 12970: 12122: 11962: 11935: 11930: 11827: 11667: 11642: 11599: 11006: 10975: 10424: 10319: 10170: 10085: 9562: 8903: 8620: 7975: 7815: 7548: 7424: 7395: 7166: 6828: 6802: 6749: 6583: 6510: 6355: 6320: 6274: 6242: 6120: 5834: 5723: 4547: 3609: 3233:

Vives, on education : a translation of the De tradendis disciplinis of Juan Luis Vives

2490: 2257: 2252: 2208: 2085: 2051: 1986: 1946: 1734: 1704: 1358: 1282: 1119: 271: 261: 232: 224: 16852: 13308: 13095: 13030: 7856: 5241:

Claudia Schneider, "The Japanese History Textbook Controversy in East Asian Perspective",

5212:

Abby Waldman, " The Politics of History Teaching in England and France during the 1980s",

1084:

There are varieties of ways in which history can be organized, including chronologically,

30:

This article is about the academic discipline. For a general history of human beings, see

8: 19335: 18875: 17621: 17035: 16742: 16438: 15650: 15562: 15321: 14955: 14920: 14823: 14469: 14364: 14282: 14272: 14047: 13964: 13944: 13934: 13761: 13549: 13110: 13055: 12975: 12917: 12800: 12695: 12425: 12302: 12296: 12222: 12137: 12082: 11957: 11822: 11768: 11586: 11552: 11517: 11331: 11142: 10880: 10339: 10299: 9879: 8625: 8039: 7746: 7442: 6654: 6566: 6325: 5959: 5924: 5827: 3327: 2814: 2681: 2642: 2454: 2448: 2237: 2154: 1784: 1698: 1521: 1442: 1321: 1078: 985: 776: 625: 228: 196: 89: 19277: 18373: 17943: 17358: 17062: 15670: 9377: 8947: 8362: 8066: 6674: 4266:

The Relations of History and Geography: Studies in England, France and the United States

4203:

A Living Landscape: Bronze Age Settlement Sites in the Dutch River Area (c. 2000–800 BC)

3231: 1961: 19226: 19101: 19096: 19031: 18914: 18827: 18658: 18334: 17666: 17450: 16515: 16470: 15829: 15785: 15740: 15363: 15309: 15230: 14801: 14731: 14657: 14594: 14574: 14452: 14437: 14422: 14344: 14143: 14107: 13909: 13669: 13328: 13293: 13203: 12730: 12563: 12514: 12247: 11812: 11537: 11505: 11306: 11291: 10829: 10807: 10674: 10498: 10469: 10404: 10397: 10105: 10100: 10035: 9918: 9831: 9662: 9338: 8670: 8454: 7519: 7474: 6833: 6789: 6744: 6367: 6313: 6234: 5805: 5449: 5078: 4955: 4525: 4517: 4440: 4376: 4243: 4128: 3680: 2819: 2781: 2622: 2593: 2526: 2351: 2338: 2333: 2294: 2079: 2032: 1937: 1900: 1818: 1683:: the study of history from the beginning of human history until the Early Middle Ages. 1665: 1614:, have sparked controversy over the role of internet censorship in information access. 1596: 1546: 1354: 1125: 957: 787: 514: 330: 124: 84: 19294: 16371: 13278: 7375: 5706:(Collections of public domain and copy-permitted historical texts for educational use) 4544:"Teachers of History in the Universities of the UK 2007 – listed by research interest" 3304: 3013:

Knowing, teaching, and learning history : national and international perspectives

2457:

is a type of historical work which attempts to account for historical events from the

19260: 18919: 18773: 18521: 17818: 16829: 16668: 16093: 15852: 15791: 15750: 15567: 15452: 15388: 15299: 15276: 15220: 15128: 14861: 14709: 14402: 14198: 14193: 14037: 13873: 13458: 13358: 13323: 13148: 13125: 13120: 12995: 12611: 12601: 12450: 12435: 12411: 12217: 12212: 12200: 12195: 12067: 12057: 11977: 11920: 11864: 11402: 11385: 11311: 11301: 11253: 10910: 10789: 10689: 10542: 10445: 10349: 9923: 9777: 9525: 8822: 7833: 7672: 7097: 6856: 6795: 6754: 6571: 6456: 6392: 6303: 6280: 6224: 6132: 5865: 5658: 5602: 5558: 5513: 5453: 5325: 5010: 4960: 4899: 4703: 4655: 4647: 4633: 4621: 4598: 4569: 4411: 4380: 4366: 4321: 4294: 4269: 4206: 4181: 4120: 4080: 4052: 3874: 3849: 3815: 3790: 3765: 3737: 3657: 3581: 3544: 3508: 3485: 3271: 3179: 3165: 3144: 3130: 3109: 3056: 3042: 3021: 2986: 2844: 2762: 2731: 2673: 2652: 2428: 2204: 2199: 2118: 2039: 1994: 1978: 1790: 1627: 1530: 1503: 1495: 1447: 1411: 1286: 1208: 1183: 1132:. Historians in the West have been criticized for focusing disproportionately on the 1129: 977: 961: 908: 739: 672: 657: 276: 251: 206: 150: 130: 13228: 12922: 4529: 2701:

in the universities. At Oxford and Cambridge, scholarship was downplayed. Professor

1584: 19330: 19086: 18793: 18616: 18592: 18553: 18133: 17290: 16680: 16539: 16527: 15819: 15779: 15774: 15599: 15486: 15421: 15248: 15243: 15225: 15083: 14884: 14837: 14667: 14662: 14599: 14548: 14464: 14412: 14188: 14166: 14032: 13929: 13714: 13388: 13348: 13338: 13288: 13273: 13263: 13223: 13183: 13173: 13050: 13020: 12980: 12866: 12702: 12680: 12470: 12460: 12232: 12077: 12052: 11859: 11849: 11839: 11469: 11028: 11016: 10844: 10812: 10644: 10513: 10429: 10419: 10334: 10090: 9797: 9620: 9596: 9557: 9137: 8294: 7684: 7543: 7531: 6823: 6783: 6778: 6603: 6490: 6425: 6252: 6247: 6229: 6087: 5888: 5841: 5480: 5422: 5321: 5070: 4947: 4695: 4509: 4468: 4358: 4235: 4112: 4026: 3834:

H. Mowlana (2001). "Information in the Arab World", Cooperation South Journal, vol1

3393:

Cf. "history, n." OED Online. Oxford University Press, December 2014. 9 March 2015.

2758: 2462: 2375: 2368: 2364: 2306: 2212: 2141: 2136: 2057: 1966: 1762: 1746: 1740: 1728: 1716: 1686: 1664:

These are approaches to history; not listed are histories of other fields, such as

1626:

because events and known facts in history can be interpreted in a variety of ways.

1562: 1511: 1468: 451: 306: 214: 210: 158: 145: 35: 16408: 13383: 7412: 4840: 2633:, though they are not historians in the true sense, are also frequently included. 2072:

has been characterized as interaction between regional players and foreign powers.

18511: 18118: 17692: 17368: 16732: 16554: 16339: 16103: 15929: 15574: 14889: 14704: 14532: 14497: 14484: 14447: 14394: 14252: 14147: 14081: 14042: 13879: 13664: 13659: 13423: 13368: 13353: 13333: 13313: 13268: 13243: 13153: 13105: 13090: 12990: 12950: 12841: 12836: 12663: 12551: 12465: 12440: 12242: 12009: 12004: 11817: 11474: 11464: 11423: 11375: 11226: 11199: 11090: 10955: 10932: 10900: 10852: 10839: 10802: 10784: 10414: 10409: 9515: 9122: 8696: 8372: 7736: 7558: 7343: 7107: 6933: 6578: 5893: 5630: 5159: 5136: 5110: 4791: 4768: 4699: 3987: 3910: 3634: 3462: 3443: 3436: 3432: 3425: 3411: 3404: 3248: 2603: 2539: 2424: 2216: 2045: 1722: 1680: 1488: 1480: 1434: 1362: 1044: 1029: 973: 969: 926: 377: 188: 162: 16612: 7616: 5713: 5468: 5230:

School History Textbooks across Cultures: International Debates and Perspectives

5031: 4566:

English Social History: A Survey of Six Centuries from Chaucer to Queen Victoria

4362: 2680:. Works which draw controversial conclusions from new, speculative, or disputed 2676:

in a way which undermines their conclusions. It is closely related to deceptive

2054:

is the study of the past passed down from generation to generation in East Asia.

1725:: the use of computing technologies to do massive searches in published sources. 1154: 781:'inquiry, knowledge from inquiry, or judge'). It was in that sense that 18892: 18583: 18002: 17630: 17626: 17277: 16895: 16834: 16674: 16145: 15979: 15767: 15755: 15441: 15326: 15002: 14987: 14977: 14879: 14781: 14724: 14677: 14652: 14432: 14230: 14218: 14162: 14157: 14151: 14076: 13999: 13924: 13719: 13609: 13539: 13438: 13413: 13283: 13253: 13213: 13178: 13035: 12960: 12945: 12940: 12831: 12821: 12531: 12482: 12357: 12205: 12117: 12112: 11869: 11790: 11785: 11716: 11357: 11341: 11033: 11023: 10822: 10694: 10664: 10649: 10434: 10392: 10387: 10259: 9896: 9587: 9006: 8634: 8630: 8281: 7899: 7838: 7678: 7149: 6983: 6771: 6759: 6445: 6330: 6006: 5991: 5981: 5883: 5785: 5735: 5285:

Tatyana Volodina, "Teaching History in Russia After the Collapse of the USSR",

5152: 4802: 4678:

Watt, D. C.; Adams, Simon; Bullen, Roger; Brauer, Kinley; Iriye, Akira (1988).

4561: 4261: 4103:

Cronon, William (1992). "A Place for Stories: Nature, History, and Narrative".

3384:"history, n". OED Online. Oxford University Press, December 2014. 9 March 2015. 3076: 2806: 2648: 2576: 2571: 2518: 2514: 2505: 2474: 2317: 2312: 2247: 2242: 2186: 1929: 1822: 1812: 1752: 1643: 1566: 1525: 1507: 1494:

In opposition to the claims of history as a social science, historians such as

1472: 1415: 1370: 1166: 1067: 1048: 994: 893: 661: 634: 438: 220: 154: 135: 18832: 9836: 4472: 3171:

Knowing Teaching and Learning History, National and International Perspectives

3136:

Knowing Teaching and Learning History, National and International Perspectives

3048:

Knowing Teaching and Learning History, National and International Perspectives

2082:

is the collective history of Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands.

1267: 19324: 18972: 18924: 18366: 17992: 16155: 15479: 15460: 15404: 15358: 15346: 15341: 15336: 15190: 15185: 15062: 15055: 14719: 14714: 14349: 14267: 14262: 14213: 14203: 13843: 13724: 13433: 13418: 13408: 13393: 13343: 13298: 13258: 13193: 13188: 13158: 13025: 12965: 12907: 12631: 12445: 12308: 12264: 12227: 12157: 12132: 12042: 11940: 11886: 11881: 11580: 11113: 11063: 11011: 10945: 10917: 10905: 10895: 10885: 10767: 10611: 10537: 10486: 10439: 10354: 10314: 10309: 10304: 10237: 9976: 9928: 9370: 8996: 7159: 6483: 6464: 6408: 6362: 6350: 6345: 6340: 6194: 6189: 6066: 6059: 5255: 4818:

Shigeru Akita, "World History and the Emergence of Global History in Japan",

4124: 2769: 2669: 2664: 2581: 2413: 2282: 2277: 2015:

begins with the oldest evidence where 7,000-year-old remains have been found.

1851: 1845: 1806: 1802: 1796: 1766: 1592: 1427: 1419: 1239: 1192: 1133: 1110: 922: 898: 798: 731: 649: 548: 542: 532: 372: 140: 31: 5741: 5586:

The Information-Literate Historian: A Guide to Research for History Students

5188:

The Last Professors: The Corporate University and the Fate of the Humanities

1260: 1246: 921:, older senses of the word were revived, and it was in the Greek sense that 17090: 16737: 16559: 16402: 16258: 15707: 15665: 15594: 15331: 15216: 15170: 15158: 15101: 15067: 14699: 14694: 14427: 14225: 13939: 13914: 13899: 13865: 13825: 13403: 13398: 13373: 13303: 13238: 13198: 13168: 13163: 13075: 13065: 12955: 12690: 12685: 12673: 12594: 12580: 12504: 12107: 12047: 11795: 11753: 11635: 11630: 11542: 11407: 11395: 11179: 11085: 11079: 10745: 10679: 10601: 10532: 10481: 10382: 10329: 10269: 8094: 7741: 7563: 7406: 7262: 6711: 6669: 6598: 6335: 6220: 6174: 6162: 6105: 6071: 3639: 3380: 3378: 3376: 3007: 2535: 2509: 2272: 1884:

past is to rely on changes in material culture and technology, such as the

1864: 1778: 1772: 1636: 1539: 1407: 1105: 965: 582: 570: 5485: 5173:, "Nation, duty, character and confidence: history at Oxford, 1850–1914." 4951: 3455: 3043:"The "Convergence" Paradigm in Studying Early American History in Schools" 2538:

deals with the first recorded instances of same-sex love and sexuality of

1689:: the study of the history of people living on or near the Atlantic Ocean. 1591:

historians argued for the importance of studying the experience of women.

1187:

during the 1960s"). Thirdly, it may refer to why history is produced: the

1051:

revolutionized the study of history, by using such outside disciplines as

19091: 17373: 17015: 16991: 16361: 16349: 16271: 15847: 15660: 15464: 15200: 15148: 15123: 15106: 15045: 14741: 14682: 14127: 14024: 13986: 13969: 13904: 13885: 13818: 13798: 13684: 13479: 13453: 13448: 13248: 13233: 13100: 13080: 13060: 12912: 12887: 12846: 12707: 12616: 12606: 12568: 12526: 12489: 12455: 12259: 12147: 12072: 11989: 11908: 11901: 11758: 11484: 11452: 11413: 11258: 11184: 11095: 11073: 10980: 10965: 10760: 10740: 10730: 10659: 10616: 10596: 10525: 10344: 10246: 10095: 8377: 8019: 7995: 7365: 7353: 7275: 6851: 6664: 6468: 6204: 6152: 6127: 6110: 6049: 5170: 4761: 4513: 3236:. Robarts – University of Toronto. Cambridge : The University Press. 2555: 2551: 2321: 1756: 1692: 1535: 1499: 1441:

By the "rich ore" Spencer meant scientific theory of history. Meanwhile,

1403: 1366: 1327:

There was sophisticated use of historical method in ancient and medieval

1274: 1089: 1073: 918: 833: 720: 668: 575: 558: 367: 120: 106: 18263: 9267: 5590: 5542: 4444: 3784: 3759: 3373: 3328:"The History of Others: Foreign Peoples in Early Chinese Historiography" 1622:

Many historians believe that the production of history is embedded with

1373:

or religious perspective. Around 1800, German philosopher and historian

984:

in the sense of a "researcher of history" is attested from 1531. In all

63: 18929: 17936: 17579: 17149: 15811: 15399: 15153: 15111: 15097: 14965: 14950: 13894: 13889: 13784: 13689: 13649: 13218: 13208: 13085: 13015: 12902: 12871: 12851: 12795: 12790: 12745: 12640: 12313: 12152: 11994: 11952: 11896: 11445: 11370: 11336: 11263: 11248: 11236: 11204: 11165: 10990: 10890: 10797: 10772: 10575: 10359: 9933: 8940: 8583: 8153: 6815: 6403: 6157: 6115: 6101: 5969: 5954: 5082: 4521: 4247: 4132: 3622: 3489: 3426:

The Century dictionary; an encyclopedic lexicon of the English language

3405:

The Century dictionary; an encyclopedic lexicon of the English language

2466: 1889: 1881: 1877: 1769:, which is sometimes considered to be a sub-branch of military history. 1484: 1423: 1390: 1382: 1378: 1307: 1196: 1137: 1114: 1040: 903: 841: 802: 702: 645: 563: 342: 192: 183: 116: 111: 19243: 14610: 3253:(in Latin). National Central Library of Rome. apud Ioannem Frellonium. 2894: 1617: 17856: 16980: 16857: 16687: 16170: 15501: 15180: 15175: 15138: 15133: 14997: 14940: 14925: 14794: 14584: 14564: 14297: 14257: 13994: 13803: 13729: 13679: 13443: 13318: 13045: 12816: 12740: 12647: 12621: 12541: 12087: 11984: 11913: 11807: 11780: 11429: 11418: 11380: 11273: 11053: 10970: 10606: 10518: 10493: 10474: 10364: 8860: 7984: 7861: 7691: 7174: 6505: 6184: 6179: 6142: 6137: 6001: 5944: 5929: 5798: 5005:

Wallach Scott, Joan (1988). "Gender: A Useful Category of Analysis".

2626: 2616:, courtesy name Huiban, was the first known female Chinese historian. 1917: 1913: 1885: 1863:

are commonly used periods and the time they represent depends on the

1580: 1558: 1336: 1332: 1317: 1303: 1217: 1060: 1056: 1052: 829: 825: 782: 716: 706: 694: 653: 629: 613: 503: 337: 12380: 5729: 5427:

The American Historical Association's Guide to Historical Literature

5074: 5032:"History of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Social Movements" 4239: 4116: 1455:

As Historians like Ranke and many who followed him have pursued it,

18531: 17274: 15195: 15143: 14579: 14417: 14061: 13974: 13654: 13130: 12856: 12826: 12785: 12780: 12546: 12521: 11457: 11346: 11268: 11214: 11189: 10621: 10464: 10374: 10232: 10222: 9535: 8278: 6199: 6147: 5681: 5272:"Teaching History in Schools: the Politics of Textbooks in India", 5061:

Glassberg, David (1996). "Public History and the Study of Memory".

4317:

As barbas do imperador : D. Pedro II, um monarca nos trópicos

3305:"Ibn Khaldun: One of the Founding Fathers of Modern Historiography" 2613: 2530: 2458: 1899:

Despite the development over recent decades of the ability through

1893: 1799:: the study of the psychological motivations for historical events. 1588: 1476: 806: 684: 586: 347: 12352: 11685: 5699: 4933:"The History of Ideas: Precept and Practice, 1950–2000 and beyond" 1365:

at the beginning of the medieval period. Through the Medieval and

1039:

The study of history has sometimes been classified as part of the

495:

A collage of various records of history (clockwise from top-left):

491: 14982: 14960: 14910: 14589: 13808: 12892: 12755: 12536: 12477: 11440: 11390: 11364: 11241: 10960: 10950: 10872: 10863: 10848: 10735: 10503: 10212: 5986: 5964: 5914: 5754: 5557:. Vol. 4: 1800–1945. Oxford University Press. pp. 78–. 4226:

Bryce, James (1902). "The Importance of Geography in Education".

2543: 2470: 1921: 1856: 1085: 950: 938: 813: 809: 538: 499: 362: 352: 19311: 10750: 5691: 2729:

The teaching of history in French schools was influenced by the

1941:

that helped develop the civilization. There is also the case of

1502:, and hence contended that history should be understood as art. 15415: 14992: 14905: 13674: 12765: 12735: 12587: 12499: 12430: 11479: 11351: 11209: 11058: 10217: 6419: 5996: 5909: 5127:

Holocaust's Ghost: Writings on Art, Politics, Law and Education

5101:

Holocaust's Ghost: Writings on Art, Politics, Law and Education

4862: 4591:

The People's State: East German Society from Hitler to Honecker

3895:

Al-Tawhid: A Quarterly Journal of Islamic Thought & Culture

2748: 2630: 2522: 2350:

between states or across state boundaries over time. Historian

1916:

locations can form the basis of historical study, for example,

1860: 1815:: the study of the process of social change throughout history. 1611: 1410:

and uncritical acceptance of historical data". He introduced a

1296: 1253: 1231:

The following questions are used by historians in modern work.

1093: 946: 942: 934: 676: 5243:

Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

3540:

Sociological Theory in the Contemporary Era: Text and Readings

1096:

aim, but may be studied out of simple intellectual curiosity.

19168: 16050: 15947: 15808: 14930: 14014: 13753: 12775: 12770: 12750: 12558: 11231: 11134: 11068: 10817: 10508: 10456: 7054: 6951: 6812: 5934: 3349: 3051:. New York & London: New York University Press. pp. 1743:: the study of maritime transport and all connected subjects. 1328: 792: 5655:

As barbas do imperador: D. Pedro II, um monarca nos trópicos

5448:. With a new introduction by Richard J. Evans. Basingstoke: 5372:"Texas Mother Teaches Textbook Company a Lesson on Accuracy" 4895:

The New Left, National Identity, and the Break-up of Britain

4589:

Mary Fulbrook (2005). "Introduction: The people's paradox".

3174:. New York & London: New York University Press. p. 3139:. New York & London: New York University Press. p. 2320:

as well is the study of images and human visual production (

925:

used the term in the late 16th century, when he wrote about

14935: 13948: 13830: 12760: 10207: 10193: 5939: 5620:. Vol. 2. Garland Reference Library of the Humanities; 4431:

Cochrane, Eric (1975). "What Is Catholic Historiography?".

4051:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. xiii–xxi. 3168:. In Peter N. Stearns; Peters Seixas; Sam Wineburg (eds.). 3133:. In Peter N. Stearns; Peters Seixas; Sam Wineburg (eds.). 3045:. In Peter N. Stearns; Peters Seixas; Sam Wineburg (eds.). 2609: 2559: 1925: 1623: 871:), body of knowledge relative to human evolution, science ( 769: 680: 621: 357: 3809: 2918: 2599: 1553:

theorises that society is fundamentally determined by the

13848: 11876: 11658:

List of people considered a founder in a Humanities field

11221: 3731: 2547: 547:

Map of Europe in the 8th century from an 1854 edition of

17398: 8402: 3893:

S.W. Akhtar (1997). "The Islamic Concept of Knowledge",

3201:"Ancient History Sourcebook: 11th Brittanica: Herodotus" 1787:: historical work from the perspective of common people. 1695:: the study of changes in and the social context of art. 1498:

argued the key to historians' work was the power of the

18692:

Professionalization and institutionalization of history

11284: 10162: 9696:

Professionalization and institutionalization of history

5009:. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 28–50. 4807:

Asia in Western and World History: A Guide for Teaching

4340: 4079:. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 199–211. 3755: 3753: 3675: 3673: 3482:

Silencing the Past: Power and the Production of History

2985:(4th ed.). Pearson Education Limited. p. 52. 2100:

covers the history of the islands in the Pacific Ocean.

896:, and it has persisted. It appears in the 13th-century 5370:

Fernandez, Manny; Hauser, Christine (5 October 2015).

5312:

Wedgwood Benn, David (2008). "Blackwell-Synergy.com".

5147:

Ivan Roots, "Firth, Sir Charles Harding (1857–1936)",

4293:. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 5. 4033:(2nd ed.). Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 2949: 1587:

have offered anti-Marxist interpretations of history.

18984:

Heroic theory of invention and scientific development

13530:

The Work of Art in the Age of Mechanical Reproduction

9988:

Heroic theory of invention and scientific development

5298:"Problems of Teaching Contemporary Russian History", 4677: 3005: 1749:: the study of objects and the stories they can tell. 17832:

Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe

8836:

Awareness in Nazi Germany and German-occupied Europe

5529:

The Methods and Skills of History: A Practical Guide

3810:

Ibn Khaldun; Rosenthal, Franz; Dawood, N.J. (1967).

3787:

Ancient Civilizations: The Near East and Mesoamerica

3778: 3762:

Ancient Civilizations: The Near East and Mesoamerica

3750: 3670: 3578:

The Discipline of History and the History of Thought

2796: 1880:, the usual method for periodization of the distant 1331:. The groundwork for professional historiography in 14329:

Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP)

5341:"Two States. Eight Textbooks. Two American Stories" 4499: 3785:Lamberg-Karlovsky, C.C.; Jeremy A. Sabloff (1979). 3760:Lamberg-Karlovsky, C.C.; Jeremy A. Sabloff (1979). 1618:

Potential shortcomings in the production of history

17792:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia 17650: 15432: 8796:Massacres of Poles in Volhynia and Eastern Galicia 8654: 6436: 5657:(in Portuguese). São Paulo: Companhia das Letras. 4268:. Exeter: University of Exeter Press. p. 14. 2521:, which looks at the past from the perspective of 18450: 9454: 4736:Pax Britannica'? British Foreign Policy 1789–1914 1259:From what pre-existing material was it produced ( 878:), narrative of real or imaginary events, story ( 19322: 4320:. São Paulo: Companhia das Letras. p. 181. 3681:"What is Historiography? – Culturahistorica.org" 3362: 3360: 1825:is related and covers the perspective of gender. 1731:: the use of economic models fitted to the past. 19016: 15259:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought 10020: 6263:Perspectives on capitalism by school of thought 5732:- a comprehensive timeline of historical events 5526: 5369: 4405: 4145: 3537:Appelrouth, Scott; Edles, Laura Desfor (2010). 3536: 3246: 2228:The chief subfields of social history include: 1755:: the study of modern times, the era after the 5115: 5089: 4560: 4165:. Pearson Education Limited. pp. 168–169. 3915:The Muse of History and the Science of Culture 3603: 1985:, their daughter Maria da Glória (later Queen 1273:What is the evidential value of its contents ( 18840:Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church 18710:Western European colonialism and colonization 17259: 14766: 14626: 13769: 12396: 11701: 11523:Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 11150: 10178: 9844:Ecclesiastical history of the Catholic Church 9714:Western European colonialism and colonization 8263: 5770: 5746: 5726:- a visual overview of many history timelines 5527:Furay, Conal; Salevouris, Michael J. (2010). 5421: 5311: 5289:, February 2005, Vol. 38 Issue 2, pp. 179–188 5260:The Common Core and the Evasion of Curriculum 5004: 4891: 4588: 4154: 3707:Historiography: Ancient, medieval, and modern 3599: 3597: 3357: 2839:Joseph, Brian; Janda, Richard, eds. (2008) . 2757:light. For example, in Japan, mention of the 1977:presenting his letter of credence to Emperor 1765:: the study of warfare, historical wars, and 1534:(History of Everyday Life). Scholars such as 1369:periods, history was often studied through a 472: 17170: 12638: 12592: 12578: 8174: 4694:. Macmillan Education UK. pp. 131–142. 4406:Pavkovic, Michael; Morillo, Stephen (2006). 4139: 3505:The History and Philosophy of Social Science 3503:Gordon, Scott; Irving, James Gordon (1991). 3502: 2434:The World History Association publishes the 1871: 1238:the source, written or unwritten, produced ( 660:such as written documents, oral accounts or 17273: 8277: 5618:A Global Encyclopedia of Historical Writing 5262:(vol 130 ed.). PMLA. pp. 666–672. 4458: 4200: 3917:, New York: Kluwer Publishers, 2000, p 160. 3789:. Benjamin-Cummings Publishing. p. 6. 3764:. Benjamin-Cummings Publishing. p. 5. 3736:. Columbia University Press. pp. 5–6. 3229: 3166:"Dilemmas and Delights of Learning History" 2956:History in Focus, Issue 2: What is History? 2925:History in Focus, Issue 2: What is History? 2838: 17266: 17252: 14773: 14759: 14633: 14619: 13776: 13762: 12403: 12389: 11708: 11694: 11157: 11143: 10185: 10171: 8270: 8256: 5777: 5763: 5548: 4160: 3812:The Muqaddimah: An Introduction to History 3594: 2832: 2743: 2692: 1349:) and posthumously known as the Father of 479: 465: 62: 17895:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 8899:Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki 5484: 5338: 5302:, Winter 2004, Vol. 43 Issue 3, pp. 61–62 5125:in F.C. DeCoste, Bernard Schwartz (eds.) 5099:in F.C. DeCoste, Bernard Schwartz (eds.) 5060: 4959: 4822:, Spring 2010, Vol. 43 Issue 3, pp. 84–96 4756:Franco Amatori, and Geoffrey Jones, eds. 4646: 4620: 4357:. Macmillan Education UK. pp. 4–17. 4291:World history from early times to AD 2000 3967:, Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 2006. 3814:. Princeton University Press. p. x. 3479: 3302: 3230:Vives, Juan Luis; Watson, Foster (1913). 3163: 2562:) peoples and cultures around the world. 1907: 19114:Historical geographic information system 15880: 14324:Global Standard Stratigraphic Age (GSSA) 10118:Historical geographic information system 6884: 5652: 5628: 5583: 5555:The Oxford History of Historical Writing 5535: 5434: 5254: 4989: 4430: 4399: 4313: 4205:. Leiden: Sidestone Press. p. 468. 4029:(2016). "Working With/In the Archives". 3484:. Boston: Beacon Press. pp. 31–69. 2914: 2912: 2747: 2608: 2598: 1973:. The painting depicts British diplomat 1960: 1707:: the study of recent historical events. 1216: 1170: 1013: 730: 490: 14640: 5149:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography 4930: 4150:. The Macmillan Press LTD. p. 169. 3828: 3449: 3396: 3263: 3192: 3006:Stearns, Peter N.; Seixas, Peter Carr; 2525:. The outgrowth of gender history from 2220:"history with the people put back in". 1266:In what original form was it produced ( 14: 19323: 18754:English historical school of economics 16806:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy 14860: 9758:English historical school of economics 7810:Historical Series of the Bank of Italy 5864: 5639:from the original on 15 September 2015 5571:from the original on 15 September 2015 5466: 4992:New Dictionary of the History of Ideas 4990:Horowitz, Maryanne Cline, ed. (2004). 4912:from the original on 28 September 2020 4654:(in French). Paris: Nouveau monde éd. 4410:. Oxford: Polity Press. pp. 3–4. 4219: 4102: 4074: 4046: 3887: 3325: 3128: 3103: 3040: 2841:The Handbook of Historical Linguistics 2123:Political history in the United States 1821:: the history of female human beings. 824:was borrowed from Latin (possibly via 683:in that it is supported by verifiable 34:. For a general history of Earth, see 19070: 19015: 18950:Revisionist school of Islamic studies 18789:Historical reliability of the Gospels 18647: 18174: 17247: 17236: 15879: 15622: 15386: 15025: 14859: 14754: 14614: 13757: 12410: 12384: 11689: 11610:National Endowment for the Humanities 11595:Humanities, arts, and social sciences 11138: 10166: 10074: 10019: 9954:Revisionist school of Islamic studies 9793:Historical reliability of the Gospels 9651: 9178: 8251: 8240: 6883: 6626: 6390: 6029: 5863: 5758: 5745: 5615: 5538:Writing History: A Guide for Students 5507: 4260: 4225: 4175: 4098: 4096: 4077:Why History Matters: Life and Thought 4070: 4068: 4042: 4040: 3843: 3575: 3475: 3473: 3471: 3211:from the original on 27 November 2020 3108:. New York: Oxford University Press. 3099: 3097: 3077:"Prehistory Definition & Meaning" 2909: 2891:"What is History & Why Study It?" 2843:. Blackwell Publishing. p. 163. 2784:are treated as controversial topics. 2737:Cahiers pédagogiques and Enseignement 19175: 19142: 17237: 16767:More Irish than the Irish themselves 12339: 11605:Moscow University for the Humanities 11576:Arts and Humanities Research Council 11533:Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 11119: 10146: 8241: 7771:More Irish than the Irish themselves 5738:- an interactive world history atlas 5704:Internet History Sourcebooks Project 5700:Internet History Sourcebooks Project 5632:The Historians' History of the World 5596: 5443: 5042:from the original on 11 January 2021 4716:from the original on 28 January 2021 4025: 3868: 3862: 3732:Samuel Moyn; Andrew Sartori (2013). 3709:(University of Chicago Press, 2007). 3687:from the original on 27 January 2021 3651: 3604:Graham, Gordon (1997). "Chapter 1". 3205:Internet History Sourcebooks Project 3157: 2980: 2974: 2871:from the original on 2 February 2014 1793:: the study of politics in the past. 1021:The Historians' History of the World 553:Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire 17837:Functionalism–intentionalism debate 15026: 11715: 8841:Functionalism–intentionalism debate 6030: 5339:Goldstein, Dana (12 January 2020). 5216:Issue 68, Autumn 2009 pp. 199–221 4568:. Book Club Associates. p. i. 4288: 3370:. Barcelona: Editorial Ariel, 1994. 2919:Professor Richard J. Evans (2001). 2735:as disseminated after the 1960s by 2592:For a more comprehensive list, see 1965:Allegory of the recognition of the 1719:: the study of culture in the past. 1520:). Intellectual historians such as 1335:was established by court historian 1324:, with events regularly recurring. 956:In an expression of the linguistic 24: 18850:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II 16794:Fourth Italian War of Independence 14780: 14123:Adoption of the Gregorian calendar 9854:Hermeneutics of Vatican Council II 7798:Fourth Italian War of Independence 5784: 5414: 5404:Issue 67, Spring 2009 pp. 128–129 5276:, April 2009, Issue 67, pp. 99–110 5036:American Psychological Association 5029: 5007:Gender and the Politics of History 4873:from the original on 10 March 2011 4093: 4065: 4037: 3468: 3106:History: A Very Short Introduction 3094: 2962:from the original on 9 August 2011 2931:from the original on 9 August 2011 2481:movement in Britain in the 1960s. 25: 19352: 5673: 5493:from the original on 23 July 2016 5382:from the original on 15 July 2018 5245:, May 2008, Vol. 617, pp. 107–122 5203:, (November 2009), 43#1 pp. 87–96 4758:Business History Around the World 4461:Journal of Modern Italian Studies 3848:. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. 3557:from the original on 30 July 2022 3415:. New York: The Century Co, 1889. 3284:from the original on 30 July 2022 1650: 1160: 656:seek knowledge of the past using 19303: 19286: 19269: 19252: 19235: 19218: 19201: 19184: 19141: 19132: 19131: 18648: 18148: 18147: 17989:Palestinian expulsion and flight 16501:5000-year civilization assertion 16077:Nadir of American race relations 13600:The Closing of the American Mind 13520:Civilization and Its Discontents 13500:A Vindication of Natural Society 12362: 12351: 12338: 12327: 12326: 11118: 11109: 11108: 10145: 10136: 10135: 9652: 9152: 9151: 8993:Palestinian expulsion and flight 7505:5000-year civilization assertion 7081:Nadir of American race relations 5425:; Gerardi, Pamela, eds. (1995). 5394: 5363: 5332: 5326:10.1111/j.1468-2346.2008.00708.x 5305: 5292: 5279: 5266: 5151:(Oxford University Press, 2004) 5121:Curran, Vivian Grosswald (2000) 5095:Curran, Vivian Grosswald (2000) 4632:]. Paris: Nouveau monde éd. 4387:from the original on 9 June 2018 3965:The Hyperbole of the World Order 3869:Enan, Muhammed Abdullah (2007). 3303:Tschannen, Rafiq (19 May 2013). 2799: 2658: 2382: 1388:In the preface to his book, the 1313:History of the Peloponnesian War 1063:in the study of global history. 640:The period of events before the 446: 445: 432: 18978:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism 17852:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust 17787:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising 17594:Causes of the Armenian genocide 15903:Pyramid construction techniques 15470:Comparative historical research 15387: 15088:Library and information science 14005:English and British regnal year 12281:List of social science journals 11653:Humanities in the United States 11501:American Journal of Archaeology 9982:Protestant Ethic and Capitalism 8856:Pope Pius XII and the Holocaust 8791:Soviets and the Warsaw Uprising 8598:Causes of the Armenian genocide 6907:Pyramid construction techniques 6474:Comparative historical research 6391: 6092:Library and information science 5653:Schwarcz, Lilia Moritz (1998). 5351:from the original on 5 May 2020 5248: 5235: 5222: 5206: 5193: 5180: 5164: 5141: 5054: 5023: 4998: 4983: 4940:Journal of the History of Ideas 4924: 4885: 4855: 4825: 4812: 4796: 4773: 4750: 4741: 4728: 4671: 4626:Dictionnaire mondial des images 4611: 4582: 4554: 4536: 4492: 4479: 4451: 4424: 4334: 4314:Schwarcz, Lilia Moritz (1998). 4307: 4282: 4254: 4194: 4180:. Oxon: Routledge. p. 50. 4169: 4105:The Journal of American History 4019: 4006: 3992: 3970: 3957: 3945: 3933: 3920: 3903: 3871:Ibn Khaldun: His Life and Works 3837: 3803: 3725: 3712: 3699: 3645: 3616: 3569: 3530: 3521: 3496: 3418: 3387: 3342: 3319: 3296: 3257: 3240: 3223: 3122: 2950:Professor Alun Munslow (2001). 2484: 2346:is the study of the conduct of 1603:defended the worth of history. 18990:Gunpowder and gun transmission 18940:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule 18749:Historical school of economics 18686:Nationalism in the Middle Ages 18124:Gunpowder and gun transmission 17998:Zionism as settler colonialism 17003:Limpieza de sangre controversy 15970:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis 13783: 12238:Science and technology studies 11528:Journal of Controversial Ideas 11164: 9994:Gunpowder and gun transmission 9944:Religionsgeschichtliche Schule 9753:Historical school of economics 9690:Nationalism in the Middle Ages 9128:Gunpowder and gun transmission 9002:Zionism as settler colonialism 8007:Limpieza de sangre controversy 6974:Metropolitan-hinterland thesis 4487:Encyclopedia of Social History 3873:. The Other Press. p. v. 3656:. Penguin Books. p. 108. 3330:. Institute for Advanced Study 3069: 3034: 2999: 2943: 2883: 2857: 2716: 2542:, and involves the history of 2168:The Catholic Historical Review 2098:History of the Pacific Islands 1658:Particular studies and fields 1385:approach in historical study. 1342:Records of the Grand Historian 1009: 888:It was from Anglo-Norman that 13: 1: 18799:Opposition to Papal supremacy 18175: 15987:Indigenous population history 14118:Old Style and New Style dates 13490:Oration on the Dignity of Man 9803:Opposition to Papal supremacy 9179: 6991:Indigenous population history 5649:This is Book 1 of 25 Volumes. 5549:Lingelbach, Gabriele (2011). 5512:. W.W. Norton & Company. 4781:What is Environmental History 4652:Images: Une histoire mondiale 2825: 2674:historiographical conventions 2587: 2517:is a subfield of History and 2327: 1981:, who is flanked by his wife 1781:: the study of ancient texts. 1375:Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel 1136:. In 1961, British historian 1099: 879: 872: 865: 852:developed into forms such as 671:), are usually classified as 520:Secret History of the Mongols 18715:Desacralization of knowledge 16986:Carlism in the Francoist era 16954:Holodomor in modern politics 15623: 14070:Pre-Julian / Julian 13560:The Society of the Spectacle 11548:Revue des Études Arméniennes 9719:Desacralization of knowledge 7990:Carlism in the Francoist era 7958:Holodomor in modern politics 6627: 5629:Williams, H.S., ed. (1907). 5437:A Student's Guide to History 5153:Online; accessed 10 Nov 2014 4700:10.1007/978-1-349-19161-1_12 4686:. In Juliet Gardiner (ed.). 4349:. In Juliet Gardiner (ed.). 4031:Research Methods for History 4016:(2012) Issue 62, pp. 121–130 3846:A Dictionary of Muslim Names 3267:All About Me: The Individual 3198: 2921:"The Two Faces of E.H. Carr" 2752:History books in a bookstore 2636: 2459:perspective of common people 2223: 2148: 2112: 1281:The first four are known as 770: 726: 642:invention of writing systems 7: 19107:Historiographic metafiction 19071: 19017:Organizations, publications 18806:Proto-orthodox Christianity 17756:German resistance to Nazism 17612:Persian famine of 1917–1919 17022:Islamic revolution of Spain 16949:Holodomor genocide question 16825:Revisionism of Risorgimento 16819:Rerum italicarum scriptores 16800:Historiae Patriae Monumenta 16567:Self-Strengthening Movement 15717:decolonization of knowledge 14303:Geological history of Earth 14173:Astronomical year numbering 10923:Geological history of Earth 10111:Historiographic metafiction 10075: 10021:Organizations, publications 9810:Proto-orthodox Christianity 8760:German resistance to Nazism 8616:Persian famine of 1917–1919 8026:Islamic revolution of Spain 7953:Holodomor genocide question 7829:Revisionism of Risorgimento 7823:Rerum italicarum scriptores 7804:Historiae Patriae Monumenta 7571:Self-Strengthening Movement 6721:decolonization of knowledge 5718:History for ready reference 5584:Presnell, Jenny L. (2006). 5435:Benjamin, Jules R. (2009). 5429:(3rd ed.). Oxford U.P; 4680:"What is Diplomatic History 4363:10.1007/978-1-349-19161-1_2 4201:Arnoldussen, Stijn (2007). 4047:Fasolt, Constantin (2004). 3734:Global Intellectual History 2792: 2687: 2442: 2358: 2300: 2130: 1339:(145–90 BC), author of the 1221:A depiction of the ancient 1002:is attested from 1661, and 10: 19357: 18904:Wissenschaft des Judentums 18881:Criticism of Protestantism 17761:Nazi foreign policy debate 17192:Second colonial occupation 16939:Soviet famine of 1930–1933 16577:Tibetan sovereignty debate 16121:Progressive-era historians 15556:Nationalization of history 15507:Historical-critical method 10275:Orders of magnitude (time) 9908:Wissenschaft des Judentums 9885:Criticism of Protestantism 8765:Nazi foreign policy debate 8196:Second colonial occupation 7943:Soviet famine of 1930–1933 7581:Tibetan sovereignty debate 7125:Progressive-era historians 6560:Nationalization of history 6511:Historical-critical method 5536:Kelleher, William (2008). 5508:Evans, Richard J. (2000). 5473:American Historical Review 5300:Russian Studies in History 4833:"Journal of World History" 4820:Chinese Studies in History 4630:World Dictionary of Images 4433:Catholic Historical Review 3844:Ahmed, Salahuddin (1999). 3580:. Routledge. p. 201. 3576:Lemon, Michael C. (1995). 3350: 3264:Majoros, Sotirios (2019). 2662: 2640: 2591: 2569: 2503: 2488: 2446: 2411: 2405: 2386: 2362: 2331: 2311:Cultural history replaced 2304: 2184: 2152: 2134: 2116: 2064:History of the Middle East 2019:History of Central America 1956: 1843: 1839: 1206: 1202: 1164: 1113:is the memory of the past 1103: 1043:, other times part of the 793: 759: 662:traditional oral histories 606: 29: 19126: 19077: 19066: 19022: 19011: 18960: 18764: 18723: 18654: 18643: 18499: 18185: 18181: 18170: 18142: 18111: 18075: 17969: 17923: 17909:Second Sino-Japanese War 17887: 17817: 17769: 17731: 17691: 17567: 17389: 17308: 17284: 17243: 17232: 17208: 17106: 17073: 16964: 16888: 16845: 16786: 16751: 16723: 16714:Vergangenheitsbewältigung 16658: 16585: 16491: 16419: 16133: 16062: 15995: 15957: 15890: 15886: 15875: 15700: 15633: 15629: 15618: 15395: 15382: 15209: 15076: 15038: 15034: 15021: 14898: 14872: 14868: 14855: 14788: 14750: 14648: 14557: 14541: 14525: 14483: 14475:Thermoluminescence dating 14393: 14382: 14370:Samarium–neodymium dating 14337: 14316: 14290: 14281: 14243: 14181: 14136: 14100: 14069: 14060: 14023: 13985: 13864: 13839: 13791: 13738: 13642: 13630:Intellectuals and Society 13580:The Culture of Narcissism 13471: 13139: 12931: 12880: 12809: 12723: 12716: 12656: 12418: 12322: 12289: 12273: 12020: 11746: 11723: 11663:Outline of the humanities 11643:Criticism of mass culture 11623: 11615:National Humanities Medal 11568: 11493: 11324: 11172: 11104: 11046: 10999: 10986:Time translation symmetry 10931: 10871: 10861: 10783: 10710: 10630: 10571: 10455: 10373: 10283: 10245: 10231: 10200: 10130: 10081: 10070: 10026: 10015: 9964: 9768: 9727: 9658: 9647: 9503: 9189: 9185: 9174: 9146: 9115: 9079: 8973: 8927: 8913:Second Sino-Japanese War 8891: 8821: 8773: 8735: 8695: 8571: 8393: 8312: 8288: 8247: 8236: 8212: 8110: 8077: 7968: 7892: 7849: 7790: 7755: 7727: 7718:Vergangenheitsbewältigung 7662: 7589: 7495: 7423: 7137: 7066: 6999: 6961: 6894: 6890: 6879: 6704: 6637: 6633: 6622: 6399: 6386: 6213: 6080: 6042: 6038: 6025: 5902: 5876: 5872: 5859: 5792: 5752: 5747:Links to related articles 5135:12 September 2015 at the 5109:12 September 2015 at the 4931:Grafton, Anthony (2006). 4898:. Brill. pp. 20–21. 4473:10.1080/13545719808454982 4408:What is Military History? 4343:"What is Military History 4014:Storia della Storiografia 3633:15 September 2015 at the 3461:17 September 2005 at the 3164:Lowenthal, David (2000). 3018:New York University Press 2565: 2499: 2418:Universal history (genre) 2342:in history. This type of 2180: 2070:History of Southeast Asia 1872:Prehistoric periodization 1252:By whom was it produced ( 1228:Historical method basics 527:General History of Africa 18664:Crisis of historiography 17827:Auschwitz bombing debate 17513:Indian Rebellion of 1857 17364:Late Bronze Age collapse 17298:List of military museums 16901:Pre-Revolutionary Russia 16873:Polish People's Republic 16708:Sybel-Ficker controversy 16072:African-American history 16045:Colonial Spanish America 15834:Second Thirty Years' War 14189:Chinese sexagenary cycle 13620:The Malaise of Modernity 13570:The History of Sexuality 12669:Catholic social teaching 11648:Educational essentialism 11285:Interdisciplinary fields 10192: 9668:Crisis of historiography 8831:Auschwitz bombing debate 8517:Indian Rebellion of 1857 8368:Late Bronze Age collapse 8302:List of military museums 7905:Pre-Revolutionary Russia 7877:Polish People's Republic 7712:Sybel-Ficker controversy 7076:African-American history 7049:Colonial Spanish America 6838:Second Thirty Years' War 5467:Cronon, William (2013). 5402:History Workshop Journal 5274:History Workshop Journal 5214:History Workshop Journal 5177:(1987) 30#01 pp. 77–104. 4564:(1973). "Introduction". 4228:The Geographical Journal 4146:Marwick, Arthur (1970). 4001:Otetchestvennye Zapiskym 3652:Carr, Edward H. (1961). 3507:. Routledge. p. 1. 3368:Diccionario de Filosofia 3247:Juan Luis Vives (1551). 3131:"Schweigen! die Kinder!" 3104:Arnold, John H. (2000). 3041:Nash l, Gary B. (2000). 2958:. University of London. 2927:. University of London. 2436:Journal of World History 2401: 2025:History of South America 2013:History of the Caribbean 2007:History of North America 1945:, which historians like 1642:Environmental historian 1528:to emerge post-WWII was 976:, and most Germanic and 797:is attested early on in 712:Spring and Autumn Annals 40:History (disambiguation) 17777:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 17636:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 17187:Porter–MacKenzie debate 16944:Causes of the Holodomor 16481:Problem of two emperors 16429:Catilinarian conspiracy 15656:Historical significance 15517:Indiscipline of history 15492:Historical anthropology 14403:Amino acid racemisation 13700:Philosophy of education 11926:international relations 10941:Absolute space and time 10592:Astronomical chronology 8781:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact 8640:Treaty of Brest-Litovsk 8191:Porter–MacKenzie debate 7948:Causes of the Holodomor 7485:Problem of two emperors 7433:Catilinarian conspiracy 6660:Historical significance 6521:Indiscipline of history 6496:Historical anthropology 5623:excerpt and text search 5591:excerpt and text search 5543:excerpt and text search 4837:The History Cooperative 4805:and Carol Gluck, eds., 4785:excerpt and text search 4178:The Archaeology of Time 3986:22 October 2017 at the 3442:20 January 2021 at the 3431:2 February 2021 at the 3410:2 February 2021 at the 2744:Bias in school teaching 2693:Scholarship vs teaching 2348:international relations 2194:, sometimes called the 2001:History of the Americas 1517:histoire des mentalités 1245:Where was it produced ( 679:. History differs from 537:English translation of 18871:Protestant Reformation 18845:Second Vatican Council 18823:Succession to Muhammad 18818:Criticism of the Quran 18569:Religious perspectives 18303:Klemens von Metternich 17900:"Battle for Australia" 17782:Soviet offensive plans 17751:Broad vs. narrow front 17590:Late Ottoman genocides 16523:Century of humiliation 16304:Goguryeo controversies 16282:2,500-year celebration 15940:Double genocide theory 15727:Historical negationism 15551:Ancestral civilisation 15539:Historical materialism 15497:Historical determinism 15447:History of mentalities 14408:Archaeomagnetic dating 13920:Era of Caesar (Iberia) 12639: 12593: 12579: 12253:Quantum social science 11436:Liberal arts education 10991:Time reversal symmetry 10295:Italian six-hour clock 9875:Protestant Reformation 9849:Second Vatican Council 9827:Succession to Muhammad 9822:Criticism of the Quran 9573:Religious perspectives 9307:Klemens von Metternich 8904:"Battle for Australia" 8786:Soviet offensive plans 8755:Broad vs. narrow front 8594:Late Ottoman genocides 7527:Century of humiliation 7308:Goguryeo controversies 7286:2,500-year celebration 6944:Double genocide theory 6731:Historical negationism 6555:Ancestral civilisation 6543:Historical materialism 6501:Historical determinism 6451:History of mentalities 5599:The Pursuit of History 5406:online at project MUSE 4892:Wade Matthews (2013). 4734:Muriel E Chamberlain, 4502:International Security 4163:The Pursuit of History 4075:Lerner, Gerda (1997). 3424:W.D. Whitney, (1889). 3326:Thomas, Kelly (2018). 3207:. Fordham University. 3129:Seixas, Peter (2000). 2983:The Pursuit of History 2753: 2678:historical revisionism 2617: 2606: 2529:stemmed from many non- 2288:American urban history 2092:History of New Zealand 1990: 1951:Ellen Churchill Semple 1908:Geographical locations 1711:Counterfactual history 1670:history of mathematics 1633:Michel-Rolph Trouillot 1601:The Killing of History 1571:Marxist historiography 1551:historical materialism 1465: 1351:Chinese historiography 1225: 1179: 1151:Indigenous Australians 1147: 1024: 968:in general. In modern 743: 593: 203:Post-classical history 38:. For other uses, see 18995:Torsion mangonel myth 18898:Modern Jewish history 18893:Jesuit historiography 18886:Protestant work ethic 18866:Hesychast controversy 18731:Industrial Revolution 18681:Library of Alexandria 18599:The Lord of the Rings 18249:Constantine the Great 18129:Torsion mangonel myth 18061:Sri Lankan Civil War 17140:Storm over the gentry 17041:Colonies or Provinces 16572:Sprouts of capitalism 15646:Historic preservation 15641:Change and continuity 14308:Geological time units 13705:Philosophy of history 13695:Philosophy of culture 13590:A Conflict of Visions 12290:Other categorizations 12143:International studies 12128:History of technology 12063:Communication studies 11946:public administration 11512:History of Humanities 10756:Time and fate deities 10701:The Unreality of Time 10640:A series and B series 9999:Torsion mangonel myth 9902:Modern Jewish history 9897:Jesuit historiography 9890:Protestant work ethic 9870:Hesychast controversy 9735:Industrial Revolution 9685:Library of Alexandria 9603:The Lord of the Rings 9253:Constantine the Great 9133:Torsion mangonel myth 9065:Sri Lankan Civil War 8144:Storm over the gentry 8045:Colonies or Provinces 7576:Sprouts of capitalism 6650:Historic preservation 6645:Change and continuity 5510:In Defence of History 5314:International Affairs 4952:10.1353/jhi.2006.0006 4790:22 April 2016 at the 4688:What is History Today 4595:Yale University Press 4351:What is History Today 4262:Darby, Henry Clifford 4176:Lucas, Gavin (2005). 4148:The Nature of History 4049:The Limits of History 3606:The Shape of the Past 3366:Ferrater-Mora, José. 2786:McGraw-Hill Education 2751: 2707:Thomas Frederick Tout 2703:Charles Harding Firth 2612: 2602: 2540:ancient civilizations 2408:World history (field) 2389:Environmental history 2379:in business schools. 2263:History of the family 2106:History of Antarctica 1964: 1674:history of philosophy 1453: 1223:Library of Alexandria 1220: 1207:Further information: 1189:philosophy of history 1174: 1142: 1130:pre-Columbian America 1104:Further information: 1017: 785:used the word in his 734: 494: 19082:Commemorative plaque 18298:Juan Manuel de Rosas 17746:"Blitzkrieg" concept 17617:Powder keg of Europe 17492:Franco-Prussian War 17162:Winter of Discontent 17145:Suffragette Campaign 16812:Italiani brava gente 16778:Revolutionary period 16600:Frankish Interregnum 16533:"Chineseness" debate 16466:Byzantine succession 16451:Fall of Western Rome 16392:Executed Renaissance 15881:By country or region 15825:Age of Enlightenment 15799:Vaticinium ex eventu 15746:Modernisation theory 15580:Quantitative history 14956:Historical documents 14360:Law of superposition 14355:Isotope geochemistry 13710:Political philosophy 13510:Democracy in America 12123:Historical sociology 11668:Renaissance humanism 11600:Master of Humanities 11007:Chronological dating 10976:Theory of relativity 10320:Daylight saving time 10086:Commemorative plaque 9302:Juan Manuel de Rosas 8750:"Blitzkrieg" concept 8621:Powder keg of Europe 8496:Franco-Prussian War 8166:Winter of Discontent 8149:Suffragette Campaign 7816:Italiani brava gente 7782:Revolutionary period 7604:Frankish Interregnum 7537:"Chineseness" debate 7470:Byzantine succession 7455:Fall of Western Rome 7396:Executed Renaissance 6885:By country or region 6829:Age of Enlightenment 6803:Vaticinium ex eventu 6750:Modernisation theory 6584:Quantitative history 5960:Historical documents 5635:. Vol. Book 1. 5616:Woolf, D.R. (1998). 5228:Jason Nicholls, ed. 5158:30 July 2022 at the 5063:The Public Historian 4767:19 June 2009 at the 4514:10.1162/isec.22.1.34 3976:See, in particular, 3628:The Theft of History 3610:University of Oxford 3543:. Pine Forge Press. 3456:WordNet Search – 3.0 3016:. Internet Archive. 2865:"History Definition" 2491:Intellectual history 2258:History of education 2253:History of childhood 2215:. English historian 2209:intellectual history 2174:History of Religions 2086:History of Australia 2052:History of East Asia 1987:Maria II of Portugal 1947:Ellsworth Huntington 1735:Intellectual history 1705:Contemporary history 1506:associated with the 1283:historical criticism 1177:La Historia d'Italia 791:. The ancestor word 697:, a 5th-century BCE 233:contemporary history 225:early modern history 19341:Main topic articles 18911:Schools of thought 18876:Proto-Protestantism 18745:School of Thoughts 18627:William Shakespeare 18612:Robert Falcon Scott 18517:Friedrich Nietzsche 18355:Cult of personality 18340:Neville Chamberlain 18200:Alexander the Great 18082:Russo-Georgian War 18055:Sovereignty dispute 18034:Iranian Revolution 17864:"Polish death camp" 17841:In relation to the 17550:Myth of English aid 17541:War of the Pacific 17318:Albigensian Crusade 16743:Indigenous Aryanism 16439:Constantinian shift 15975:Residential schools 15732:Historian's fallacy 15651:Historic recurrence 15149:Numismatics (Money) 14921:Archaeological site 14845:theories of history 14642:Theories of history 14493:Fluorine absorption 14470:Luminescence dating 14365:Luminescence dating 14273:Milankovitch cycles 14113:Proleptic Gregorian 13945:Hindu units of time 13550:One-Dimensional Man 12303:Geisteswissenschaft 12297:Behavioral sciences 12223:Political sociology 12138:Information science 12083:Development studies 11587:Geisteswissenschaft 11553:Teaching Philosophy 11332:Abductive reasoning 10300:Thai six-hour clock 9915:Schools of thought 9880:Proto-Protestantism 9749:School of Thoughts 9631:William Shakespeare 9616:Robert Falcon Scott 9521:Friedrich Nietzsche 9359:Cult of personality 9344:Neville Chamberlain 9204:Alexander the Great 9086:Russo-Georgian War 9059:Sovereignty dispute 9038:Iranian Revolution 8868:"Polish death camp" 8845:In relation to the 8554:Myth of English aid 8545:War of the Pacific 8322:Albigensian Crusade 7747:Indigenous Aryanism 7443:Constantinian shift 6979:Residential schools 6736:Historian's fallacy 6655:Historic recurrence 6153:Numismatics (Money) 5925:Archaeological site 5849:theories of history 5686:of BestHistorySites 5601:. Pearson Longman. 5597:Tosh, John (2006). 5486:10.1093/ahr/118.1.1 5444:Carr, E.H. (2001). 4809:(M.E. Sharpe, 1997) 4485:Peter Stearns, ed. 4161:Tosh, John (2006). 3980:The German Ideology 3008:Wineburg, Samuel S. 2981:Tosh, John (2006). 2815:Glossary of history 2682:historical evidence 2643:Ash heap of history 2623:lists of historians 2238:Demographic history 2211:and the history of 2155:History of religion 1699:Comparative history 1579:sought to validate 1555:material conditions 1522:Herbert Butterfield 1443:Henry Thomas Buckle 1357:was influential in 1079:Annapolis, Maryland 626:academic discipline 517:translation of the 229:late modern history 197:classical antiquity 50:Part of a series on 19102:Historical realism 19097:Historical fiction 19042:History institutes 19032:Historical society 19027:Heritage registers 18915:Biblical criticism 18828:Islamic golden age 18779:Early Christianity 18659:Bears in antiquity 18547:Medieval Christian 18345:Pedro II of Brazil 18293:José de San Martín 18097:Syrian revolution 18009:Malayan Emergency 17984:1948 Palestine war 17717:Spanish Civil War 17667:War guilt question 17476:American Civil War 17456:Invasion of Russia 17432:New Russian School 17216:Colonial Australia 16932:October Revolution 16695:Strukturgeschichte 16631:Location of Alésia 16550:Hua–Yi distinction 16471:Moscow, third Rome 16087:Reconstruction era 15908:Black Egypt Thesis 15830:European Civil War 15786:Translatio imperii 15741:Invented tradition 14862:Historical sources 14732:List of historians 14595:Terminus post quem 14575:Synchronoptic view 14542:Linguistic methods 14503:Obsidian hydration 14438:Radiometric dating 14423:Incremental dating 14345:Chronostratigraphy 13670:Cultural pessimism 13665:Cultural criticism 12564:National character 12358:Society portal 11845:auxiliary sciences 11674:Studia Humanitatis 10830:Rosy retrospection 10808:Mental chronometry 10632:Philosophy of time 10106:Historical realism 10101:Historical fiction 10046:History institutes 10036:Historical society 10031:Heritage registers 9919:Biblical criticism 9832:Islamic golden age 9783:Early Christianity 9663:Bears in antiquity 9551:Medieval Christian 9349:Pedro II of Brazil 9297:José de San Martín 9101:Syrian revolution 9013:Malayan Emergency 8988:1948 Palestine war 8721:Spanish Civil War 8671:War guilt question 8480:American Civil War 8460:Invasion of Russia 8436:New Russian School 8220:Colonial Australia 7936:October Revolution 7699:Strukturgeschichte 7635:Location of Alésia 7554:Hua–Yi distinction 7475:Moscow, third Rome 7091:Reconstruction era 6912:Black Egypt Thesis 6834:European Civil War 6790:Translatio imperii 6745:Invented tradition 5866:Historical sources 5450:Palgrave Macmillan 5376:The New York Times 5345:The New York Times 5175:Historical Journal 5030:Morris, Bonnie J. 4648:Gervereau, Laurent 4622:Gervereau, Laurent 4289:Rao, B.V. (2007). 3307:. The Muslim Times 2897:on 1 February 2014 2820:Outline of history 2782:American Civil War 2754: 2618: 2607: 2594:List of historians 2352:Muriel Chamberlain 2339:Diplomatic history 2334:Diplomatic history 2196:new social history 2080:History of Oceania 2033:History of Eurasia 1991: 1975:Sir Charles Stuart 1938:geography of Egypt 1934:Histoire de France 1901:radiocarbon dating 1666:history of science 1597:Keith Windschuttle 1577:Marxist historians 1226: 1180: 1175:The title page to 1126:sub-Saharan Africa 1025: 1018:The title page to 988:, the substantive 986:European languages 962:analytic/isolating 788:History of Animals 744: 658:historical sources 648:. "History" is an 599:(derived from 594: 531:First page of the 439:History portal 125:Gregorian calendar 19166: 19165: 19160: 19159: 19156: 19155: 19122: 19121: 19062: 19061: 19007: 19006: 19003: 19002: 18920:Catholic theology 18774:Avestan geography 18639: 18638: 18635: 18634: 18622:Søren Kierkegaard 18495: 18494: 18406:Warren G. Harding 18166: 18165: 18162: 18161: 17965: 17964: 17843:Armenian genocide 17706:Polish–Soviet War 17701:Burning of Smyrna 17687: 17686: 17677:Reichstag inquiry 17600:Patriotic consent 17471: 17470: 17446:War in the Vendée 17410:French Revolution 17392:century conflicts 17381:Peloponnesian War 17342:Eighty Years' War 17228: 17227: 17224: 17223: 17204: 17203: 17200: 17199: 17133:Westminster Stone 16830:Southern question 16669:Alltagsgeschichte 16619:Legendary Saracen 16321:Early settlements 16129: 16128: 16109:Political history 16094:Consensus history 15871: 15870: 15867: 15866: 15863: 15862: 15853:Continuity thesis 15792:Translatio studii 15678:Theory of history 15614: 15613: 15610: 15609: 15568:Subaltern Studies 15453:Nouvelle histoire 15378: 15377: 15374: 15373: 15290:Medieval churches 15277:Geistesgeschichte 15221:Paleoanthropology 15129:Encyclopaedistics 15017: 15016: 15013: 15012: 14885:Secondary sources 14608: 14607: 14521: 14520: 14378: 14377: 14239: 14238: 14194:Geologic Calendar 14056: 14055: 13751: 13750: 13467: 13466: 12612:Spontaneous order 12602:Social alienation 12451:Cultural heritage 12412:Social philosophy 12378: 12377: 12218:Political economy 12213:Political ecology 12068:Community studies 12058:Cognitive science 12021:Interdisciplinary 11921:Political science 11683: 11682: 11403:General knowledge 11386:Cultural literacy 11320: 11319: 11254:Religious studies 11190:Classical studies 11132: 11131: 11042: 11041: 11017:Circadian rhythms 10835:Tense–aspect–mood 10690:Temporal finitism 10567: 10566: 10543:Grandfather clock 10160: 10159: 10126: 10125: 10066: 10065: 10011: 10010: 10007: 10006: 9924:Catholic theology 9778:Avestan geography 9643: 9642: 9639: 9638: 9626:Søren Kierkegaard 9499: 9498: 9410:Warren G. Harding 9170: 9169: 9166: 9165: 8969: 8968: 8847:Armenian genocide 8710:Polish–Soviet War 8705:Burning of Smyrna 8691: 8690: 8681:Reichstag inquiry 8604:Patriotic consent 8475: 8474: 8450:War in the Vendée 8414:French Revolution 8396:century conflicts 8385:Peloponnesian War 8346:Eighty Years' War 8232: 8231: 8228: 8227: 8208: 8207: 8204: 8203: 8137:Westminster Stone 7834:Southern question 7673:Alltagsgeschichte 7623:Legendary Saracen 7325:Early settlements 7133: 7132: 7113:Political history 7098:Consensus history 6875: 6874: 6871: 6870: 6867: 6866: 6857:Continuity thesis 6796:Translatio studii 6682:Theory of history 6618: 6617: 6614: 6613: 6572:Subaltern Studies 6457:Nouvelle histoire 6382: 6381: 6378: 6377: 6294:Medieval churches 6281:Geistesgeschichte 6225:Paleoanthropology 6133:Encyclopaedistics 6021: 6020: 6017: 6016: 5889:Secondary sources 5714:Project Gutenberg 5423:Norton, Mary Beth 4457:For example, see 4027:King, Michelle T. 3978:Marx and Engels, 3718:Georg G. Iggers, 2952:"What History Is" 2763:Armenian Genocide 2732:Nouvelle histoire 2653:collective memory 2429:Arnold J. Toynbee 2344:political history 2205:political history 2200:political history 2119:Political history 2040:History of Europe 1995:History of Africa 1979:Pedro I of Brazil 1837: 1836: 1791:Political history 1628:Constantin Fasolt 1531:Alltagsgeschichte 1504:French historians 1496:Hugh Trevor-Roper 1448:Leopold von Ranke 1412:scientific method 1400:early sociologist 1294: 1293: 1287:textual criticism 1209:Historical method 978:Romance languages 909:Confessio Amantis 892:was brought into 780: 768: 740:Frederick Dielman 691:in universities. 673:cultural heritage 635:nature of history 489: 488: 207:Early Middle Ages 151:Historical source 131:Historical method 69:Study of the past 27:Study of the past 16:(Redirected from 19348: 19316: 19308: 19307: 19306: 19299: 19298:from Wikiversity 19291: 19290: 19289: 19282: 19274: 19273: 19272: 19265: 19257: 19256: 19255: 19248: 19240: 19239: 19238: 19231: 19223: 19222: 19221: 19214: 19206: 19205: 19204: 19197: 19189: 19188: 19187: 19177: 19145: 19144: 19135: 19134: 19087:Documentary film 19068: 19067: 19047:History journals 19013: 19012: 18986: 18858: 18794:Primacy of Peter 18741:Great Depression 18721: 18720: 18694: 18672: 18645: 18644: 18593:J. R. R. Tolkien 18448: 18447: 18443: 18431: 18419: 18401:Ulysses S. Grant 18396:Thomas Jefferson 18387: 18363: 18326: 18289: 18277: 18245: 18233: 18225:Chiang Ching-kuo 18215:Cato the Younger 18205:Amin al-Husseini 18183: 18182: 18172: 18171: 18151: 18150: 18134:War and genocide 17958: 17944:Résistancialisme 17931:Battle of France 17913:Nanjing Massacre 17767: 17766: 17648: 17647: 17644: 17608: 17558: 17440: 17423: 17396: 17395: 17323:Catharism debate 17309:pre-18th century 17291:Military history 17268: 17261: 17254: 17245: 17244: 17238:By war, conflict 17234: 17233: 17182:Cambridge School 17168: 17167: 17066: 17054: 17030: 17011: 16921: 16909: 16881: 16703: 16681:Historikerstreit 16651: 16639: 16627: 16608: 16594:Cordon sanitaire 16540:New Qing History 16528:Conquest dynasty 16519: 16434:Christianization 16417: 16416: 16336: 16249: 16237: 16225: 16203: 16191: 16183:Byzantine Empire 16038:Iquicha Royalism 16027: 15993: 15992: 15916: 15888: 15887: 15877: 15876: 15820:Age of Discovery 15809:Periodization of 15806: 15805: 15780:Transhistoricity 15775:Thirty-year rule 15686: 15674: 15631: 15630: 15620: 15619: 15600:Great Man theory 15563:People's history 15525: 15430: 15429: 15422:Three-age system 15384: 15383: 15084:Archival science 15036: 15035: 15023: 15022: 14890:Tertiary sources 14870: 14869: 14857: 14856: 14806:by area of study 14775: 14768: 14761: 14752: 14751: 14635: 14628: 14621: 14612: 14611: 14600:ASPRO chronology 14549:Glottochronology 14465:Tephrochronology 14413:Dendrochronology 14391: 14390: 14288: 14287: 14087:Proleptic Julian 14077:Pre-Julian Roman 14067: 14066: 13862: 13861: 13778: 13771: 13764: 13755: 13754: 13715:Social criticism 13635: 13625: 13615: 13605: 13595: 13585: 13575: 13565: 13555: 13545: 13535: 13525: 13515: 13505: 13495: 13485: 12721: 12720: 12703:Frankfurt School 12681:Communitarianism 12644: 12598: 12584: 12405: 12398: 12391: 12382: 12381: 12366: 12356: 12355: 12342: 12341: 12330: 12329: 12233:Regional science 12078:Cultural studies 12053:Business studies 11710: 11703: 11696: 11687: 11686: 11470:Self-realization 11282: 11281: 11159: 11152: 11145: 11136: 11135: 11122: 11121: 11112: 11111: 11029:Glottochronology 10869: 10868: 10785:Human experience 10645:B-theory of time 10243: 10242: 10187: 10180: 10173: 10164: 10163: 10149: 10148: 10139: 10138: 10091:Documentary film 10072: 10071: 10051:History journals 10017: 10016: 9990: 9862: 9798:Primacy of Peter 9745:Great Depression 9725: 9724: 9698: 9676: 9649: 9648: 9597:J. R. R. Tolkien 9452: 9451: 9447: 9435: 9423: 9405:Ulysses S. Grant 9400:Thomas Jefferson 9391: 9367: 9330: 9293: 9281: 9249: 9237: 9229:Chiang Ching-kuo 9219:Cato the Younger 9209:Amin al-Husseini 9187: 9186: 9176: 9175: 9155: 9154: 9138:War and genocide 8962: 8948:Résistancialisme 8935:Battle of France 8917:Nanjing Massacre 8771: 8770: 8652: 8651: 8648: 8612: 8562: 8444: 8427: 8400: 8399: 8327:Catharism debate 8313:pre-18th century 8295:Military history 8272: 8265: 8258: 8249: 8248: 8242:By war, conflict 8238: 8237: 8186:Cambridge School 8172: 8171: 8070: 8058: 8034: 8015: 7925: 7913: 7885: 7707: 7685:Historikerstreit 7655: 7643: 7631: 7612: 7598:Cordon sanitaire 7544:New Qing History 7532:Conquest dynasty 7523: 7438:Christianization 7421: 7420: 7340: 7253: 7241: 7229: 7207: 7195: 7187:Byzantine Empire 7042:Iquicha Royalism 7031: 6997: 6996: 6920: 6892: 6891: 6881: 6880: 6824:Age of Discovery 6813:Periodization of 6810: 6809: 6784:Transhistoricity 6779:Thirty-year rule 6690: 6678: 6635: 6634: 6624: 6623: 6604:Great Man theory 6567:People's history 6529: 6434: 6433: 6426:Three-age system 6388: 6387: 6088:Archival science 6040: 6039: 6027: 6026: 5894:Tertiary sources 5874: 5873: 5861: 5860: 5810:by area of study 5779: 5772: 5765: 5756: 5755: 5743: 5742: 5716:including eight 5695: 5694: 5692:Official website 5685: 5684: 5682:Official website 5668: 5648: 5646: 5644: 5621: 5612: 5589: 5580: 5578: 5576: 5541: 5532: 5523: 5502: 5500: 5498: 5488: 5463: 5446:What is History? 5440: 5430: 5408: 5398: 5392: 5391: 5389: 5387: 5367: 5361: 5360: 5358: 5356: 5336: 5330: 5329: 5309: 5303: 5296: 5290: 5283: 5277: 5270: 5264: 5263: 5252: 5246: 5239: 5233: 5226: 5220: 5210: 5204: 5197: 5191: 5186:Frank Donoghue, 5184: 5178: 5168: 5162: 5145: 5139: 5119: 5113: 5093: 5087: 5086: 5058: 5052: 5051: 5049: 5047: 5027: 5021: 5020: 5002: 4996: 4995: 4987: 4981: 4980: 4978: 4976: 4970: 4964:. Archived from 4963: 4937: 4928: 4922: 4921: 4919: 4917: 4889: 4883: 4882: 4880: 4878: 4859: 4853: 4852: 4850: 4848: 4839:. Archived from 4829: 4823: 4816: 4810: 4800: 4794: 4777: 4771: 4754: 4748: 4745: 4739: 4732: 4726: 4725: 4723: 4721: 4691: 4683: 4675: 4669: 4665: 4643: 4615: 4609: 4608: 4586: 4580: 4579: 4558: 4552: 4551: 4546:. Archived from 4540: 4534: 4533: 4496: 4490: 4483: 4477: 4476: 4455: 4449: 4448: 4428: 4422: 4421: 4403: 4397: 4396: 4394: 4392: 4354: 4346: 4338: 4332: 4331: 4311: 4305: 4304: 4286: 4280: 4279: 4258: 4252: 4251: 4223: 4217: 4216: 4198: 4192: 4191: 4173: 4167: 4166: 4158: 4152: 4151: 4143: 4137: 4136: 4111:(4): 1347–1376. 4100: 4091: 4090: 4072: 4063: 4062: 4044: 4035: 4034: 4023: 4017: 4010: 4004: 3996: 3990: 3974: 3968: 3961: 3955: 3949: 3943: 3937: 3931: 3924: 3918: 3907: 3901: 3891: 3885: 3884: 3866: 3860: 3859: 3841: 3835: 3832: 3826: 3825: 3807: 3801: 3800: 3782: 3776: 3775: 3757: 3748: 3747: 3729: 3723: 3716: 3710: 3705:Ernst Breisach, 3703: 3697: 3696: 3694: 3692: 3677: 3668: 3667: 3654:What is History? 3649: 3643: 3620: 3614: 3613: 3601: 3592: 3591: 3573: 3567: 3566: 3564: 3562: 3534: 3528: 3525: 3519: 3518: 3500: 3494: 3493: 3477: 3466: 3453: 3447: 3422: 3416: 3400: 3394: 3391: 3385: 3382: 3371: 3364: 3355: 3353: 3352: 3346: 3340: 3339: 3337: 3335: 3323: 3317: 3316: 3314: 3312: 3300: 3294: 3293: 3291: 3289: 3270:. FriesenPress. 3261: 3255: 3254: 3244: 3238: 3237: 3227: 3221: 3220: 3218: 3216: 3196: 3190: 3189: 3161: 3155: 3154: 3126: 3120: 3119: 3101: 3092: 3091: 3089: 3087: 3073: 3067: 3066: 3038: 3032: 3031: 3003: 2997: 2996: 2978: 2972: 2971: 2969: 2967: 2947: 2941: 2940: 2938: 2936: 2916: 2907: 2906: 2904: 2902: 2893:. Archived from 2887: 2881: 2880: 2878: 2876: 2861: 2855: 2854: 2836: 2809: 2804: 2803: 2802: 2759:Nanking Massacre 2699:history teaching 2649:legal judgements 2479:History Workshop 2455:people's history 2449:People's history 2431:, among others. 2376:Business history 2369:Business history 2365:Economic history 2307:Cultural history 2142:Military history 2137:Military history 2058:History of India 1983:Maria Leopoldina 1971:its independence 1967:Empire of Brazil 1785:People's history 1763:Military history 1747:Material history 1741:Maritime history 1729:Economic history 1717:Cultural history 1687:Atlantic history 1655: 1654: 1647:accountability. 1512:cultural history 1318:cause and effect 1213: 1212: 1153:and New Zealand 998:. The adjective 949:was provided by 941:was provided by 884: 881: 877: 874: 870: 867: 796: 795: 775: 773: 763: 761: 689:major discipline 624:. History is an 617: 610: 481: 474: 467: 454: 449: 448: 441: 437: 436: 435: 215:Late Middle Ages 211:High Middle Ages 146:Recorded history 66: 47: 46: 36:History of Earth 21: 19356: 19355: 19351: 19350: 19349: 19347: 19346: 19345: 19321: 19320: 19319: 19309: 19304: 19302: 19292: 19287: 19285: 19275: 19270: 19268: 19264:from Wikisource 19258: 19253: 19251: 19241: 19236: 19234: 19224: 19219: 19217: 19207: 19202: 19200: 19196:from Wiktionary 19190: 19185: 19183: 19180: 19176:sister projects 19173:at Knowledge's 19167: 19162: 19161: 19152: 19151: 19118: 19073: 19058: 19018: 18999: 18982: 18965: 18956: 18852: 18760: 18736:Great Recession 18719: 18690: 18666: 18650: 18631: 18522:H. P. Lovecraft 18491: 18453: 18446: 18437: 18425: 18413: 18381: 18357: 18330:Muammar Gaddafi 18320: 18308:Leonid Brezhnev 18283: 18271: 18254:Gregory Palamas 18239: 18237:Chiang Kai Shek 18227: 18187: 18177: 18158: 18157: 18138: 18119:Conflict thesis 18107: 18071: 17961: 17952: 17919: 17883: 17813: 17765: 17727: 17693:Interwar period 17683: 17653: 17646: 17638: 17622:Schlieffen Plan 17602: 17563: 17552: 17467: 17434: 17417: 17402: 17391: 17385: 17369:Dorian invasion 17354:Fall of Babylon 17310: 17304: 17303: 17280: 17272: 17239: 17220: 17196: 17173: 17166: 17128:Kingdom of Alba 17109: 17102: 17069: 17060: 17048: 17046:Spanish decline 17024: 17005: 16960: 16915: 16903: 16884: 16875: 16841: 16782: 16747: 16733:Greater Magadha 16719: 16697: 16654: 16645: 16633: 16621: 16602: 16581: 16555:Four Barbarians 16513: 16487: 16415: 16372:Götaland theory 16340:Lusotropicalism 16330: 16311:North Macedonia 16243: 16231: 16219: 16197: 16185: 16125: 16104:Frontier thesis 16099:Cyclical theory 16082:Neoabolitionism 16058: 16021: 15991: 15953: 15930:Greater Morocco 15910: 15882: 15859: 15810: 15804: 15696: 15680: 15668: 15625: 15606: 15519: 15434: 15428: 15410:Historical eras 15391: 15370: 15205: 15102:Writing systems 15072: 15030: 15028:Fields of study 15009: 15003:Service records 14988:Religious texts 14894: 14880:Primary sources 14864: 14851: 14850: 14784: 14779: 14746: 14644: 14639: 14609: 14604: 14553: 14537: 14533:Molecular clock 14526:Genetic methods 14517: 14498:Nitrogen dating 14485:Relative dating 14479: 14448:Potassium–argon 14395:Absolute dating 14385: 14374: 14333: 14312: 14277: 14253:Cosmic Calendar 14245:Astronomic time 14235: 14177: 14132: 14096: 14082:Original Julian 14052: 14019: 13981: 13880:Ab urbe condita 13858: 13835: 13787: 13782: 13752: 13747: 13734: 13660:Critical theory 13638: 13633: 13623: 13613: 13603: 13593: 13583: 13573: 13563: 13553: 13543: 13533: 13523: 13513: 13503: 13493: 13483: 13463: 13141: 13135: 12933: 12927: 12876: 12805: 12712: 12664:Budapest School 12652: 12441:Cosmopolitanism 12414: 12409: 12379: 12374: 12350: 12318: 12285: 12269: 12243:Science studies 12027:Administration 12016: 11742: 11719: 11717:Social sciences 11714: 11684: 11679: 11619: 11564: 11489: 11475:Self-reflection 11465:Moral character 11424:Human condition 11376:Critical theory 11316: 11280: 11227:Performing arts 11168: 11163: 11133: 11128: 11100: 11091:Time immemorial 11038: 10995: 10956:Coordinate time 10927: 10881:Geological time 10857: 10840:Time management 10803:Generation time 10787: 10779: 10724: 10706: 10626: 10585: 10563: 10451: 10369: 10286: 10279: 10235: 10227: 10196: 10191: 10161: 10156: 10155: 10122: 10077: 10062: 10022: 10003: 9986: 9969: 9960: 9856: 9764: 9740:Great Recession 9723: 9694: 9670: 9654: 9635: 9526:H. P. Lovecraft 9495: 9457: 9450: 9441: 9429: 9417: 9385: 9361: 9334:Muammar Gaddafi 9324: 9312:Leonid Brezhnev 9287: 9275: 9258:Gregory Palamas 9243: 9241:Chiang Kai Shek 9231: 9191: 9181: 9162: 9161: 9142: 9123:Conflict thesis 9111: 9075: 8965: 8956: 8923: 8887: 8817: 8769: 8731: 8697:Interwar period 8687: 8657: 8650: 8642: 8626:Schlieffen Plan 8606: 8567: 8556: 8471: 8438: 8421: 8406: 8395: 8389: 8373:Dorian invasion 8358:Fall of Babylon 8314: 8308: 8307: 8284: 8276: 8243: 8224: 8200: 8177: 8170: 8132:Kingdom of Alba 8113: 8106: 8073: 8064: 8052: 8050:Spanish decline 8028: 8009: 7964: 7919: 7907: 7888: 7879: 7845: 7786: 7751: 7737:Greater Magadha 7723: 7701: 7658: 7649: 7637: 7625: 7606: 7585: 7559:Four Barbarians 7517: 7491: 7419: 7376:Götaland theory 7344:Lusotropicalism 7334: 7315:North Macedonia 7247: 7235: 7223: 7201: 7189: 7129: 7108:Frontier thesis 7103:Cyclical theory 7086:Neoabolitionism 7062: 7025: 6995: 6957: 6934:Greater Morocco 6914: 6886: 6863: 6814: 6808: 6700: 6684: 6672: 6629: 6610: 6523: 6438: 6432: 6414:Historical eras 6395: 6374: 6209: 6106:Writing systems 6076: 6034: 6032:Fields of study 6013: 6007:Service records 5992:Religious texts 5898: 5884:Primary sources 5868: 5855: 5854: 5788: 5783: 5748: 5712:(1836-1913) at 5690: 5689: 5680: 5679: 5676: 5671: 5665: 5642: 5640: 5609: 5574: 5572: 5565: 5520: 5496: 5494: 5460: 5417: 5415:Further reading 5412: 5411: 5399: 5395: 5385: 5383: 5368: 5364: 5354: 5352: 5337: 5333: 5310: 5306: 5297: 5293: 5287:History Teacher 5284: 5280: 5271: 5267: 5253: 5249: 5240: 5236: 5227: 5223: 5211: 5207: 5201:History Teacher 5198: 5194: 5185: 5181: 5169: 5165: 5160:Wayback Machine 5146: 5142: 5137:Wayback Machine 5120: 5116: 5111:Wayback Machine 5094: 5090: 5075:10.2307/3377910 5059: 5055: 5045: 5043: 5028: 5024: 5017: 5003: 4999: 4988: 4984: 4974: 4972: 4968: 4935: 4929: 4925: 4915: 4913: 4906: 4890: 4886: 4876: 4874: 4861: 4860: 4856: 4846: 4844: 4831: 4830: 4826: 4817: 4813: 4801: 4797: 4792:Wayback Machine 4778: 4774: 4769:Wayback Machine 4755: 4751: 4746: 4742: 4733: 4729: 4719: 4717: 4710: 4689: 4681: 4676: 4672: 4668: 4662: 4640: 4616: 4612: 4605: 4587: 4583: 4576: 4559: 4555: 4550:on 30 May 2006. 4542: 4541: 4537: 4497: 4493: 4484: 4480: 4456: 4452: 4429: 4425: 4418: 4404: 4400: 4390: 4388: 4373: 4352: 4344: 4339: 4335: 4328: 4312: 4308: 4301: 4287: 4283: 4276: 4259: 4255: 4240:10.2307/1775737 4224: 4220: 4213: 4199: 4195: 4188: 4174: 4170: 4159: 4155: 4144: 4140: 4117:10.2307/2079346 4101: 4094: 4087: 4073: 4066: 4059: 4045: 4038: 4024: 4020: 4011: 4007: 3997: 3993: 3988:Wayback Machine 3975: 3971: 3963:Max Ostrovski, 3962: 3958: 3952:Muse of History 3950: 3946: 3940:Muse of History 3938: 3934: 3928:Muse of History 3925: 3921: 3911:Robert Carneiro 3908: 3904: 3892: 3888: 3881: 3867: 3863: 3856: 3842: 3838: 3833: 3829: 3822: 3808: 3804: 3797: 3783: 3779: 3772: 3758: 3751: 3744: 3730: 3726: 3717: 3713: 3704: 3700: 3690: 3688: 3679: 3678: 3671: 3664: 3650: 3646: 3635:Wayback Machine 3621: 3617: 3602: 3595: 3588: 3574: 3570: 3560: 3558: 3551: 3535: 3531: 3526: 3522: 3515: 3501: 3497: 3478: 3469: 3463:Wayback Machine 3454: 3450: 3444:Wayback Machine 3433:Wayback Machine 3423: 3419: 3412:Wayback Machine 3401: 3397: 3392: 3388: 3383: 3374: 3365: 3358: 3347: 3343: 3333: 3331: 3324: 3320: 3310: 3308: 3301: 3297: 3287: 3285: 3278: 3262: 3258: 3245: 3241: 3228: 3224: 3214: 3212: 3199:Halsall, Paul. 3197: 3193: 3186: 3162: 3158: 3151: 3127: 3123: 3116: 3102: 3095: 3085: 3083: 3075: 3074: 3070: 3063: 3039: 3035: 3028: 3004: 3000: 2993: 2979: 2975: 2965: 2963: 2948: 2944: 2934: 2932: 2917: 2910: 2900: 2898: 2889: 2888: 2884: 2874: 2872: 2863: 2862: 2858: 2851: 2837: 2833: 2828: 2805: 2800: 2798: 2795: 2774:Southern states 2746: 2719: 2695: 2690: 2667: 2661: 2645: 2639: 2604:Benedetto Croce 2597: 2590: 2574: 2568: 2527:women's history 2512: 2504:Main articles: 2502: 2493: 2487: 2463:disenfranchised 2451: 2445: 2425:Oswald Spengler 2420: 2410: 2404: 2391: 2385: 2371: 2363:Main articles: 2361: 2336: 2330: 2309: 2303: 2295:Women's history 2226: 2217:G. M. Trevelyan 2189: 2183: 2157: 2151: 2139: 2133: 2125: 2117:Main articles: 2115: 2046:History of Asia 1959: 1910: 1874: 1852:periods of time 1848: 1842: 1819:Women's history 1723:Digital history 1681:Ancient history 1653: 1620: 1489:digital history 1481:Fernand Braudel 1435:Herbert Spencer 1428:systematic bias 1363:Western thought 1355:Saint Augustine 1229: 1211: 1205: 1169: 1163: 1108: 1102: 1045:social sciences 1030:Benedetto Croce 1012: 927:natural history 882: 875: 868: 812:' oath, and in 729: 699:Greek historian 592: 485: 444: 433: 431: 430: 423: 422: 393: 383: 382: 378:A. J. P. Taylor 333: 322: 321: 297:Pacific Islands 267:Central America 247: 239: 238: 189:Ancient history 179: 169: 168: 102: 94: 71: 43: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 19354: 19344: 19343: 19338: 19333: 19318: 19317: 19300: 19283: 19281:from Wikibooks 19266: 19249: 19247:from Wikiquote 19232: 19215: 19198: 19169: 19164: 19163: 19158: 19157: 19154: 19153: 19150: 19149: 19139: 19128: 19127: 19124: 19123: 19120: 19119: 19117: 19116: 19111: 19110: 19109: 19104: 19094: 19089: 19084: 19078: 19075: 19074: 19064: 19063: 19060: 19059: 19057: 19056: 19055: 19054: 19044: 19039: 19029: 19023: 19020: 19019: 19009: 19008: 19005: 19004: 19001: 19000: 18998: 18997: 18992: 18987: 18980: 18975: 18969: 18967: 18958: 18957: 18955: 18954: 18953: 18952: 18947: 18942: 18937: 18932: 18927: 18922: 18917: 18909: 18908: 18907: 18895: 18890: 18889: 18888: 18883: 18878: 18868: 18863: 18862: 18861: 18860: 18859: 18837: 18836: 18835: 18830: 18825: 18820: 18810: 18809: 18808: 18803: 18802: 18801: 18791: 18786: 18776: 18770: 18768: 18762: 18761: 18759: 18758: 18757: 18756: 18751: 18743: 18738: 18733: 18727: 18725: 18718: 18717: 18712: 18707: 18700: 18695: 18688: 18683: 18678: 18673: 18661: 18655: 18652: 18651: 18641: 18640: 18637: 18636: 18633: 18632: 18630: 18629: 18624: 18619: 18614: 18609: 18604: 18603: 18602: 18590: 18589: 18588: 18587: 18586: 18581: 18576: 18566: 18561: 18551: 18550: 18549: 18544: 18539: 18529: 18524: 18519: 18514: 18512:Charles Darwin 18509: 18503: 18501: 18497: 18496: 18493: 18492: 18490: 18489: 18484: 18482:United Kingdom 18479: 18474: 18472:Modern Germany 18469: 18464: 18458: 18456: 18445: 18444: 18432: 18420: 18408: 18403: 18398: 18393: 18391:Thomas Aquinas 18388: 18376: 18371: 18370: 18369: 18364: 18347: 18342: 18337: 18332: 18327: 18315: 18310: 18305: 18300: 18295: 18290: 18278: 18266: 18261: 18259:Horatio Nelson 18256: 18251: 18246: 18234: 18222: 18217: 18212: 18207: 18202: 18197: 18191: 18189: 18179: 18178: 18168: 18167: 18164: 18163: 18160: 18159: 18156: 18155: 18144: 18143: 18140: 18139: 18137: 18136: 18131: 18126: 18121: 18115: 18113: 18109: 18108: 18106: 18105: 18104: 18103: 18095: 18094: 18093: 18091:Responsibility 18088: 18079: 18077: 18073: 18072: 18070: 18069: 18068: 18067: 18059: 18058: 18057: 18047: 18042: 18041: 18040: 18032: 18031: 18030: 18022: 18017: 18016: 18015: 18007: 18006: 18005: 18003:New Historians 18000: 17995: 17981: 17975: 17973: 17967: 17966: 17963: 17962: 17960: 17959: 17947: 17940: 17933: 17927: 17925: 17921: 17920: 17918: 17917: 17916: 17915: 17907: 17902: 17897: 17891: 17889: 17885: 17884: 17882: 17881: 17876: 17871: 17869:Responsibility 17866: 17861: 17860: 17859: 17849: 17839: 17834: 17829: 17823: 17821: 17815: 17814: 17812: 17811: 17810: 17809: 17804: 17794: 17789: 17784: 17779: 17773: 17771: 17764: 17763: 17758: 17753: 17748: 17743: 17737: 17735: 17729: 17728: 17726: 17725: 17724: 17723: 17715: 17714: 17713: 17703: 17697: 17695: 17689: 17688: 17685: 17684: 17682: 17681: 17680: 17679: 17674: 17664: 17658: 17656: 17645: 17633: 17627:Spirit of 1914 17624: 17619: 17614: 17609: 17597: 17587: 17584:Fischer thesis 17573: 17571: 17565: 17564: 17562: 17561: 17560: 17559: 17547: 17539: 17538: 17537: 17527: 17525:Paraguayan War 17522: 17521: 17520: 17510: 17505: 17504: 17503: 17498: 17490: 17489: 17488: 17483: 17472: 17469: 17468: 17466: 17465: 17464: 17463: 17458: 17451:Napoleonic era 17448: 17443: 17442: 17441: 17429: 17424: 17415:Pre-revolution 17406: 17404: 17400:Coalition Wars 17393: 17387: 17386: 17384: 17383: 17378: 17377: 17376: 17371: 17361: 17356: 17351: 17350: 17349: 17339: 17338: 17337: 17327: 17326: 17325: 17314: 17312: 17306: 17305: 17302: 17301: 17294: 17286: 17285: 17282: 17281: 17278:historiography 17271: 17270: 17263: 17256: 17248: 17241: 17240: 17230: 17229: 17226: 17225: 17222: 17221: 17219: 17218: 17212: 17210: 17206: 17205: 17202: 17201: 17198: 17197: 17195: 17194: 17189: 17184: 17178: 17176: 17165: 17164: 17159: 17158: 17157: 17147: 17142: 17137: 17136: 17135: 17130: 17120: 17114: 17112: 17104: 17103: 17101: 17100: 17099: 17098: 17096:Decline thesis 17093: 17086:Ottoman Empire 17083: 17077: 17075: 17071: 17070: 17068: 17067: 17055: 17043: 17038: 17033: 17032: 17031: 17012: 17000: 16995: 16988: 16983: 16978: 16968: 16966: 16962: 16961: 16959: 16958: 16957: 16956: 16951: 16946: 16936: 16935: 16934: 16924: 16923: 16922: 16913:Skeptic School 16898: 16896:Anti-Normanism 16892: 16890: 16886: 16885: 16883: 16882: 16870: 16865: 16860: 16855: 16853:Golden Liberty 16849: 16847: 16843: 16842: 16840: 16839: 16838: 16837: 16835:Neo-Bourbonism 16827: 16822: 16815: 16808: 16803: 16796: 16790: 16788: 16784: 16783: 16781: 16780: 16775: 16770: 16763: 16757: 16755: 16749: 16748: 16746: 16745: 16740: 16735: 16729: 16727: 16721: 16720: 16718: 16717: 16710: 16705: 16691: 16684: 16677: 16675:Borussian myth 16672: 16664: 16662: 16656: 16655: 16653: 16652: 16640: 16628: 16616: 16609: 16597: 16589: 16587: 16583: 16582: 16580: 16579: 16574: 16569: 16564: 16563: 16562: 16557: 16547: 16542: 16537: 16536: 16535: 16525: 16520: 16508: 16503: 16497: 16495: 16489: 16488: 16486: 16485: 16484: 16483: 16478: 16473: 16468: 16458: 16453: 16448: 16443: 16442: 16441: 16431: 16425: 16423: 16414: 16413: 16412: 16411: 16406: 16396: 16395: 16394: 16386: 16381: 16376: 16375: 16374: 16366: 16365: 16364: 16354: 16353: 16352: 16344: 16343: 16342: 16325: 16324: 16323: 16313: 16308: 16307: 16306: 16301: 16291: 16286: 16285: 16284: 16276: 16275: 16274: 16264: 16263: 16262: 16252: 16251: 16250: 16238: 16226: 16211: 16206: 16205: 16204: 16180: 16175: 16174: 16173: 16165: 16160: 16159: 16158: 16150: 16149: 16148: 16146:Dealbanisation 16137: 16135: 16131: 16130: 16127: 16126: 16124: 16123: 16118: 16117: 16116: 16106: 16101: 16096: 16091: 16090: 16089: 16084: 16079: 16068: 16066: 16060: 16059: 16057: 16056: 16055: 16054: 16042: 16041: 16040: 16030: 16029: 16028: 16016: 16010:May Revolution 16001: 15999: 15990: 15989: 15984: 15983: 15982: 15980:Staples thesis 15977: 15972: 15961: 15959: 15955: 15954: 15952: 15951: 15944: 15943: 15942: 15934: 15933: 15932: 15924: 15919: 15918: 15917: 15905: 15896: 15894: 15884: 15883: 15873: 15872: 15869: 15868: 15865: 15864: 15861: 15860: 15858: 15857: 15856: 15855: 15845: 15836: 15827: 15822: 15816: 15814: 15812:modern history 15803: 15802: 15795: 15782: 15777: 15772: 15771: 15770: 15758: 15756:Paradigm shift 15753: 15748: 15743: 15738: 15729: 15724: 15719: 15710: 15704: 15702: 15698: 15697: 15695: 15694: 15689: 15688: 15687: 15663: 15658: 15653: 15648: 15643: 15637: 15635: 15627: 15626: 15616: 15615: 15612: 15611: 15608: 15607: 15605: 15604: 15603: 15602: 15592: 15587: 15582: 15577: 15572: 15571: 15570: 15560: 15559: 15558: 15553: 15543: 15542: 15541: 15531: 15526: 15514: 15509: 15504: 15499: 15494: 15489: 15484: 15483: 15482: 15472: 15467: 15458: 15457: 15456: 15449: 15442:Annales school 15438: 15436: 15427: 15426: 15425: 15424: 15419: 15412: 15402: 15396: 15393: 15392: 15380: 15379: 15376: 15375: 15372: 15371: 15369: 15368: 15367: 15366: 15361: 15356: 15355: 15354: 15344: 15339: 15334: 15329: 15324: 15314: 15313: 15312: 15307: 15305:Constitutional 15297: 15292: 15287: 15282: 15281: 15280: 15268: 15267: 15266: 15261: 15256: 15251: 15241: 15228: 15223: 15213: 15211: 15207: 15206: 15204: 15203: 15198: 15193: 15188: 15183: 15181:Postage stamps 15178: 15173: 15168: 15167: 15166: 15156: 15151: 15146: 15141: 15136: 15131: 15126: 15121: 15120: 15119: 15109: 15104: 15095: 15080: 15078: 15074: 15073: 15071: 15070: 15065: 15060: 15059: 15058: 15048: 15042: 15040: 15032: 15031: 15019: 15018: 15015: 15014: 15011: 15010: 15008: 15007: 15006: 15005: 14995: 14990: 14985: 14980: 14978:Oral tradition 14975: 14974: 14973: 14963: 14958: 14953: 14948: 14943: 14938: 14933: 14928: 14923: 14918: 14913: 14908: 14902: 14900: 14896: 14895: 14893: 14892: 14887: 14882: 14876: 14874: 14866: 14865: 14853: 14852: 14849: 14848: 14841: 14834: 14827: 14819: 14818: 14811: 14810: 14809: 14790: 14789: 14786: 14785: 14782:Historiography 14778: 14777: 14770: 14763: 14755: 14748: 14747: 14745: 14744: 14739: 14734: 14728: 14727: 14722: 14717: 14712: 14707: 14702: 14697: 14692: 14686: 14685: 14680: 14675: 14670: 14665: 14660: 14655: 14649: 14646: 14645: 14638: 14637: 14630: 14623: 14615: 14606: 14605: 14603: 14602: 14597: 14592: 14587: 14582: 14577: 14572: 14570:New Chronology 14567: 14561: 14559: 14558:Related topics 14555: 14554: 14552: 14551: 14545: 14543: 14539: 14538: 14536: 14535: 14529: 14527: 14523: 14522: 14519: 14518: 14516: 14515: 14510: 14505: 14500: 14495: 14489: 14487: 14481: 14480: 14478: 14477: 14472: 14467: 14462: 14461: 14460: 14455: 14450: 14445: 14435: 14433:Paleomagnetism 14430: 14425: 14420: 14415: 14410: 14405: 14399: 14397: 14388: 14380: 14379: 14376: 14375: 14373: 14372: 14367: 14362: 14357: 14352: 14347: 14341: 14339: 14335: 14334: 14332: 14331: 14326: 14320: 14318: 14314: 14313: 14311: 14310: 14305: 14300: 14294: 14292: 14285: 14279: 14278: 14276: 14275: 14270: 14265: 14260: 14255: 14249: 14247: 14241: 14240: 14237: 14236: 14234: 14233: 14231:New Earth Time 14228: 14223: 14222: 14221: 14216: 14206: 14201: 14196: 14191: 14185: 14183: 14179: 14178: 14176: 14175: 14170: 14160: 14155: 14140: 14138: 14134: 14133: 14131: 14130: 14125: 14120: 14115: 14110: 14104: 14102: 14098: 14097: 14095: 14094: 14092:Revised Julian 14089: 14084: 14079: 14073: 14071: 14064: 14058: 14057: 14054: 14053: 14051: 14050: 14045: 14040: 14035: 14029: 14027: 14021: 14020: 14018: 14017: 14012: 14010:Lists of kings 14007: 14002: 14000:Canon of Kings 13997: 13991: 13989: 13983: 13982: 13980: 13979: 13978: 13977: 13972: 13967: 13962: 13952: 13942: 13937: 13932: 13927: 13925:Before present 13922: 13917: 13912: 13907: 13902: 13897: 13892: 13883: 13876: 13870: 13868: 13859: 13857: 13856: 13851: 13846: 13840: 13837: 13836: 13834: 13833: 13828: 13823: 13822: 13821: 13811: 13806: 13801: 13795: 13793: 13789: 13788: 13781: 13780: 13773: 13766: 13758: 13749: 13748: 13746: 13745: 13739: 13736: 13735: 13733: 13732: 13727: 13722: 13720:Social science 13717: 13712: 13707: 13702: 13697: 13692: 13687: 13682: 13677: 13672: 13667: 13662: 13657: 13652: 13646: 13644: 13640: 13639: 13637: 13636: 13626: 13616: 13610:Gender Trouble 13606: 13596: 13586: 13576: 13566: 13556: 13546: 13540:The Second Sex 13536: 13526: 13516: 13506: 13496: 13486: 13475: 13473: 13469: 13468: 13465: 13464: 13462: 13461: 13456: 13451: 13446: 13441: 13436: 13431: 13426: 13421: 13416: 13411: 13406: 13401: 13396: 13391: 13386: 13381: 13376: 13371: 13366: 13361: 13356: 13351: 13346: 13341: 13336: 13331: 13326: 13321: 13316: 13311: 13306: 13301: 13296: 13291: 13286: 13281: 13276: 13271: 13266: 13261: 13256: 13251: 13246: 13241: 13236: 13231: 13226: 13221: 13216: 13211: 13206: 13201: 13196: 13191: 13186: 13181: 13176: 13171: 13166: 13161: 13156: 13151: 13145: 13143: 13137: 13136: 13134: 13133: 13128: 13123: 13118: 13113: 13108: 13103: 13098: 13093: 13088: 13083: 13078: 13073: 13068: 13063: 13058: 13053: 13048: 13043: 13038: 13033: 13028: 13023: 13018: 13013: 13008: 13003: 12998: 12993: 12988: 12983: 12978: 12973: 12968: 12963: 12958: 12953: 12948: 12943: 12937: 12935: 12929: 12928: 12926: 12925: 12920: 12915: 12910: 12905: 12900: 12895: 12890: 12884: 12882: 12878: 12877: 12875: 12874: 12869: 12864: 12859: 12854: 12849: 12844: 12839: 12834: 12829: 12824: 12819: 12813: 12811: 12807: 12806: 12804: 12803: 12798: 12793: 12788: 12783: 12778: 12773: 12768: 12763: 12758: 12753: 12748: 12743: 12738: 12733: 12727: 12725: 12718: 12714: 12713: 12711: 12710: 12705: 12700: 12699: 12698: 12688: 12683: 12678: 12677: 12676: 12666: 12660: 12658: 12654: 12653: 12651: 12650: 12645: 12636: 12635: 12634: 12624: 12619: 12614: 12609: 12604: 12599: 12590: 12585: 12576: 12571: 12566: 12561: 12556: 12555: 12554: 12544: 12539: 12534: 12532:Invisible hand 12529: 12524: 12519: 12518: 12517: 12507: 12502: 12497: 12492: 12487: 12486: 12485: 12475: 12474: 12473: 12468: 12463: 12453: 12448: 12443: 12438: 12433: 12428: 12422: 12420: 12416: 12415: 12408: 12407: 12400: 12393: 12385: 12376: 12375: 12373: 12372: 12360: 12348: 12336: 12323: 12320: 12319: 12317: 12316: 12311: 12306: 12299: 12293: 12291: 12287: 12286: 12284: 12283: 12277: 12275: 12271: 12270: 12268: 12267: 12262: 12257: 12256: 12255: 12250: 12240: 12235: 12230: 12225: 12220: 12215: 12210: 12209: 12208: 12203: 12198: 12190: 12189: 12188: 12186:social science 12183: 12178: 12173: 12168: 12160: 12155: 12150: 12145: 12140: 12135: 12130: 12125: 12120: 12118:Global studies 12115: 12113:Gender studies 12110: 12105: 12104: 12103: 12098: 12096:social science 12092:Environmental 12090: 12085: 12080: 12075: 12070: 12065: 12060: 12055: 12050: 12045: 12040: 12039: 12038: 12033: 12024: 12022: 12018: 12017: 12015: 12014: 12013: 12012: 12007: 12002: 11997: 11992: 11982: 11981: 11980: 11975: 11970: 11965: 11960: 11950: 11949: 11948: 11943: 11938: 11933: 11928: 11918: 11917: 11916: 11906: 11905: 11904: 11899: 11894: 11889: 11884: 11874: 11873: 11872: 11867: 11862: 11857: 11852: 11847: 11842: 11832: 11831: 11830: 11825: 11820: 11815: 11805: 11804: 11803: 11798: 11793: 11791:macroeconomics 11788: 11786:microeconomics 11778: 11777: 11776: 11771: 11766: 11761: 11750: 11748: 11744: 11743: 11741: 11740: 11735: 11730: 11724: 11721: 11720: 11713: 11712: 11705: 11698: 11690: 11681: 11680: 11678: 11677: 11670: 11665: 11660: 11655: 11650: 11645: 11640: 11639: 11638: 11627: 11625: 11621: 11620: 11618: 11617: 11612: 11607: 11602: 11597: 11592: 11591: 11590: 11578: 11572: 11570: 11566: 11565: 11563: 11562: 11555: 11550: 11545: 11540: 11535: 11530: 11525: 11520: 11515: 11508: 11503: 11497: 11495: 11491: 11490: 11488: 11487: 11482: 11477: 11472: 11467: 11462: 11461: 11460: 11450: 11449: 11448: 11443: 11433: 11426: 11421: 11416: 11410: 11405: 11400: 11399: 11398: 11388: 11383: 11378: 11373: 11368: 11361: 11358:Belles-lettres 11354: 11349: 11344: 11342:Antipositivism 11339: 11334: 11328: 11326: 11322: 11321: 11318: 11317: 11315: 11314: 11309: 11304: 11299: 11294: 11288: 11286: 11279: 11278: 11277: 11276: 11271: 11266: 11256: 11251: 11246: 11245: 11244: 11239: 11234: 11224: 11219: 11218: 11217: 11212: 11207: 11197: 11192: 11187: 11182: 11176: 11174: 11170: 11169: 11162: 11161: 11154: 11147: 11139: 11130: 11129: 11127: 11126: 11116: 11105: 11102: 11101: 11099: 11098: 11093: 11088: 11083: 11076: 11071: 11066: 11061: 11056: 11050: 11048: 11044: 11043: 11040: 11039: 11037: 11036: 11034:Time geography 11031: 11026: 11024:Clock reaction 11021: 11020: 11019: 11009: 11003: 11001: 10997: 10996: 10994: 10993: 10988: 10983: 10978: 10973: 10968: 10963: 10958: 10953: 10948: 10943: 10937: 10935: 10929: 10928: 10926: 10925: 10920: 10915: 10914: 10913: 10908: 10903: 10898: 10893: 10888: 10877: 10875: 10866: 10859: 10858: 10856: 10855: 10842: 10837: 10832: 10827: 10826: 10825: 10823:time signature 10820: 10810: 10805: 10800: 10794: 10792: 10781: 10780: 10778: 10777: 10776: 10775: 10765: 10764: 10763: 10753: 10748: 10743: 10738: 10733: 10727: 10725: 10723: 10722: 10717: 10711: 10708: 10707: 10705: 10704: 10697: 10695:Temporal parts 10692: 10687: 10682: 10677: 10672: 10667: 10665:Eternal return 10662: 10657: 10652: 10650:Chronocentrism 10647: 10642: 10636: 10634: 10628: 10627: 10625: 10624: 10619: 10614: 10609: 10604: 10599: 10594: 10588: 10586: 10584: 10583: 10578: 10572: 10569: 10568: 10565: 10564: 10562: 10561: 10560: 10559: 10545: 10540: 10535: 10530: 10529: 10528: 10523: 10522: 10521: 10516: 10506: 10501: 10496: 10491: 10490: 10489: 10479: 10478: 10477: 10461: 10459: 10453: 10452: 10450: 10449: 10442: 10437: 10435:Hindu Panchang 10432: 10427: 10422: 10417: 10412: 10407: 10402: 10401: 10400: 10395: 10390: 10379: 10377: 10371: 10370: 10368: 10367: 10362: 10357: 10352: 10347: 10342: 10337: 10332: 10327: 10322: 10317: 10312: 10307: 10302: 10297: 10291: 10289: 10281: 10280: 10278: 10277: 10272: 10267: 10262: 10257: 10251: 10249: 10240: 10229: 10228: 10226: 10225: 10220: 10215: 10210: 10204: 10202: 10198: 10197: 10190: 10189: 10182: 10175: 10167: 10158: 10157: 10154: 10153: 10143: 10132: 10131: 10128: 10127: 10124: 10123: 10121: 10120: 10115: 10114: 10113: 10108: 10098: 10093: 10088: 10082: 10079: 10078: 10068: 10067: 10064: 10063: 10061: 10060: 10059: 10058: 10048: 10043: 10033: 10027: 10024: 10023: 10013: 10012: 10009: 10008: 10005: 10004: 10002: 10001: 9996: 9991: 9984: 9979: 9973: 9971: 9962: 9961: 9959: 9958: 9957: 9956: 9951: 9946: 9941: 9936: 9931: 9926: 9921: 9913: 9912: 9911: 9899: 9894: 9893: 9892: 9887: 9882: 9872: 9867: 9866: 9865: 9864: 9863: 9841: 9840: 9839: 9834: 9829: 9824: 9814: 9813: 9812: 9807: 9806: 9805: 9795: 9790: 9780: 9774: 9772: 9766: 9765: 9763: 9762: 9761: 9760: 9755: 9747: 9742: 9737: 9731: 9729: 9722: 9721: 9716: 9711: 9704: 9699: 9692: 9687: 9682: 9677: 9665: 9659: 9656: 9655: 9645: 9644: 9641: 9640: 9637: 9636: 9634: 9633: 9628: 9623: 9618: 9613: 9608: 9607: 9606: 9594: 9593: 9592: 9591: 9590: 9585: 9580: 9570: 9565: 9555: 9554: 9553: 9548: 9543: 9533: 9528: 9523: 9518: 9516:Charles Darwin 9513: 9507: 9505: 9501: 9500: 9497: 9496: 9494: 9493: 9488: 9486:United Kingdom 9483: 9478: 9476:Modern Germany 9473: 9468: 9462: 9460: 9449: 9448: 9436: 9424: 9412: 9407: 9402: 9397: 9395:Thomas Aquinas 9392: 9380: 9375: 9374: 9373: 9368: 9351: 9346: 9341: 9336: 9331: 9319: 9314: 9309: 9304: 9299: 9294: 9282: 9270: 9265: 9263:Horatio Nelson 9260: 9255: 9250: 9238: 9226: 9221: 9216: 9211: 9206: 9201: 9195: 9193: 9183: 9182: 9172: 9171: 9168: 9167: 9164: 9163: 9160: 9159: 9148: 9147: 9144: 9143: 9141: 9140: 9135: 9130: 9125: 9119: 9117: 9113: 9112: 9110: 9109: 9108: 9107: 9099: 9098: 9097: 9095:Responsibility 9092: 9083: 9081: 9077: 9076: 9074: 9073: 9072: 9071: 9063: 9062: 9061: 9051: 9046: 9045: 9044: 9036: 9035: 9034: 9026: 9021: 9020: 9019: 9011: 9010: 9009: 9007:New Historians 9004: 8999: 8985: 8979: 8977: 8971: 8970: 8967: 8966: 8964: 8963: 8951: 8944: 8937: 8931: 8929: 8925: 8924: 8922: 8921: 8920: 8919: 8911: 8906: 8901: 8895: 8893: 8889: 8888: 8886: 8885: 8880: 8875: 8873:Responsibility 8870: 8865: 8864: 8863: 8853: 8843: 8838: 8833: 8827: 8825: 8819: 8818: 8816: 8815: 8814: 8813: 8808: 8798: 8793: 8788: 8783: 8777: 8775: 8768: 8767: 8762: 8757: 8752: 8747: 8741: 8739: 8733: 8732: 8730: 8729: 8728: 8727: 8719: 8718: 8717: 8707: 8701: 8699: 8693: 8692: 8689: 8688: 8686: 8685: 8684: 8683: 8678: 8668: 8662: 8660: 8649: 8637: 8631:Spirit of 1914 8628: 8623: 8618: 8613: 8601: 8591: 8588:Fischer thesis 8577: 8575: 8569: 8568: 8566: 8565: 8564: 8563: 8551: 8543: 8542: 8541: 8531: 8529:Paraguayan War 8526: 8525: 8524: 8514: 8509: 8508: 8507: 8502: 8494: 8493: 8492: 8487: 8476: 8473: 8472: 8470: 8469: 8468: 8467: 8462: 8455:Napoleonic era 8452: 8447: 8446: 8445: 8433: 8428: 8419:Pre-revolution 8410: 8408: 8404:Coalition Wars 8397: 8391: 8390: 8388: 8387: 8382: 8381: 8380: 8375: 8365: 8360: 8355: 8354: 8353: 8343: 8342: 8341: 8331: 8330: 8329: 8318: 8316: 8310: 8309: 8306: 8305: 8298: 8290: 8289: 8286: 8285: 8282:historiography 8275: 8274: 8267: 8260: 8252: 8245: 8244: 8234: 8233: 8230: 8229: 8226: 8225: 8223: 8222: 8216: 8214: 8210: 8209: 8206: 8205: 8202: 8201: 8199: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8182: 8180: 8169: 8168: 8163: 8162: 8161: 8151: 8146: 8141: 8140: 8139: 8134: 8124: 8118: 8116: 8108: 8107: 8105: 8104: 8103: 8102: 8100:Decline thesis 8097: 8090:Ottoman Empire 8087: 8081: 8079: 8075: 8074: 8072: 8071: 8059: 8047: 8042: 8037: 8036: 8035: 8016: 8004: 7999: 7992: 7987: 7982: 7972: 7970: 7966: 7965: 7963: 7962: 7961: 7960: 7955: 7950: 7940: 7939: 7938: 7928: 7927: 7926: 7917:Skeptic School 7902: 7900:Anti-Normanism 7896: 7894: 7890: 7889: 7887: 7886: 7874: 7869: 7864: 7859: 7857:Golden Liberty 7853: 7851: 7847: 7846: 7844: 7843: 7842: 7841: 7839:Neo-Bourbonism 7831: 7826: 7819: 7812: 7807: 7800: 7794: 7792: 7788: 7787: 7785: 7784: 7779: 7774: 7767: 7761: 7759: 7753: 7752: 7750: 7749: 7744: 7739: 7733: 7731: 7725: 7724: 7722: 7721: 7714: 7709: 7695: 7688: 7681: 7679:Borussian myth 7676: 7668: 7666: 7660: 7659: 7657: 7656: 7644: 7632: 7620: 7613: 7601: 7593: 7591: 7587: 7586: 7584: 7583: 7578: 7573: 7568: 7567: 7566: 7561: 7551: 7546: 7541: 7540: 7539: 7529: 7524: 7512: 7507: 7501: 7499: 7493: 7492: 7490: 7489: 7488: 7487: 7482: 7477: 7472: 7462: 7457: 7452: 7447: 7446: 7445: 7435: 7429: 7427: 7418: 7417: 7416: 7415: 7410: 7400: 7399: 7398: 7390: 7385: 7380: 7379: 7378: 7370: 7369: 7368: 7358: 7357: 7356: 7348: 7347: 7346: 7329: 7328: 7327: 7317: 7312: 7311: 7310: 7305: 7295: 7290: 7289: 7288: 7280: 7279: 7278: 7268: 7267: 7266: 7256: 7255: 7254: 7242: 7230: 7215: 7210: 7209: 7208: 7184: 7179: 7178: 7177: 7169: 7164: 7163: 7162: 7154: 7153: 7152: 7150:Dealbanisation 7141: 7139: 7135: 7134: 7131: 7130: 7128: 7127: 7122: 7121: 7120: 7110: 7105: 7100: 7095: 7094: 7093: 7088: 7083: 7072: 7070: 7064: 7063: 7061: 7060: 7059: 7058: 7046: 7045: 7044: 7034: 7033: 7032: 7020: 7014:May Revolution 7005: 7003: 6994: 6993: 6988: 6987: 6986: 6984:Staples thesis 6981: 6976: 6965: 6963: 6959: 6958: 6956: 6955: 6948: 6947: 6946: 6938: 6937: 6936: 6928: 6923: 6922: 6921: 6909: 6900: 6898: 6888: 6887: 6877: 6876: 6873: 6872: 6869: 6868: 6865: 6864: 6862: 6861: 6860: 6859: 6849: 6840: 6831: 6826: 6820: 6818: 6816:modern history 6807: 6806: 6799: 6786: 6781: 6776: 6775: 6774: 6762: 6760:Paradigm shift 6757: 6752: 6747: 6742: 6733: 6728: 6723: 6714: 6708: 6706: 6702: 6701: 6699: 6698: 6693: 6692: 6691: 6667: 6662: 6657: 6652: 6647: 6641: 6639: 6631: 6630: 6620: 6619: 6616: 6615: 6612: 6611: 6609: 6608: 6607: 6606: 6596: 6591: 6586: 6581: 6576: 6575: 6574: 6564: 6563: 6562: 6557: 6547: 6546: 6545: 6535: 6530: 6518: 6513: 6508: 6503: 6498: 6493: 6488: 6487: 6486: 6476: 6471: 6462: 6461: 6460: 6453: 6446:Annales school 6442: 6440: 6431: 6430: 6429: 6428: 6423: 6416: 6406: 6400: 6397: 6396: 6384: 6383: 6380: 6379: 6376: 6375: 6373: 6372: 6371: 6370: 6365: 6360: 6359: 6358: 6348: 6343: 6338: 6333: 6328: 6318: 6317: 6316: 6311: 6309:Constitutional 6301: 6296: 6291: 6286: 6285: 6284: 6272: 6271: 6270: 6265: 6260: 6255: 6245: 6232: 6227: 6217: 6215: 6211: 6210: 6208: 6207: 6202: 6197: 6192: 6187: 6185:Postage stamps 6182: 6177: 6172: 6171: 6170: 6160: 6155: 6150: 6145: 6140: 6135: 6130: 6125: 6124: 6123: 6113: 6108: 6099: 6084: 6082: 6078: 6077: 6075: 6074: 6069: 6064: 6063: 6062: 6052: 6046: 6044: 6036: 6035: 6023: 6022: 6019: 6018: 6015: 6014: 6012: 6011: 6010: 6009: 5999: 5994: 5989: 5984: 5982:Oral tradition 5979: 5978: 5977: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5906: 5904: 5900: 5899: 5897: 5896: 5891: 5886: 5880: 5878: 5870: 5869: 5857: 5856: 5853: 5852: 5845: 5838: 5831: 5823: 5822: 5815: 5814: 5813: 5794: 5793: 5790: 5789: 5786:Historiography 5782: 5781: 5774: 5767: 5759: 5753: 5750: 5749: 5740: 5739: 5733: 5727: 5721: 5707: 5697: 5696:of BBC History 5687: 5675: 5674:External links 5672: 5670: 5669: 5663: 5650: 5626: 5613: 5607: 5594: 5581: 5564:978-0199533091 5563: 5546: 5533: 5524: 5518: 5505: 5469:"Storytelling" 5464: 5458: 5441: 5432: 5418: 5416: 5413: 5410: 5409: 5393: 5362: 5331: 5320:(2): 365–370. 5304: 5291: 5278: 5265: 5256:Guillory, John 5247: 5234: 5221: 5205: 5192: 5179: 5163: 5140: 5114: 5088: 5053: 5022: 5015: 4997: 4994:. Vol. 6. 4982: 4971:on 3 June 2016 4923: 4905:978-9004253070 4904: 4884: 4854: 4824: 4811: 4803:Ainslie Embree 4795: 4772: 4762:online edition 4749: 4740: 4727: 4709:978-0333422267 4708: 4670: 4667: 4666: 4660: 4644: 4639:978-2847361858 4638: 4624:, ed. (2006). 4617: 4610: 4604:978-0300144246 4603: 4597:. p. 17. 4581: 4575:978-0582484887 4574: 4562:G.M. Trevelyan 4553: 4535: 4491: 4478: 4467:(3): 293–306. 4450: 4439:(2): 169–190. 4423: 4417:978-0745633909 4416: 4398: 4372:978-0333422267 4371: 4333: 4326: 4306: 4300:978-8120731882 4299: 4281: 4275:978-0859896993 4274: 4253: 4218: 4212:978-9088900105 4211: 4193: 4186: 4168: 4153: 4138: 4092: 4085: 4064: 4057: 4036: 4018: 4005: 3991: 3969: 3956: 3944: 3932: 3930:, pp. 158–159. 3919: 3902: 3886: 3879: 3861: 3854: 3836: 3827: 3820: 3802: 3795: 3777: 3770: 3749: 3742: 3724: 3711: 3698: 3669: 3662: 3644: 3615: 3593: 3586: 3568: 3550:978-1412987615 3549: 3529: 3520: 3513: 3495: 3467: 3448: 3417: 3402:Whitney, W.D. 3395: 3386: 3372: 3356: 3341: 3318: 3295: 3277:978-1525558016 3276: 3256: 3239: 3222: 3191: 3185:978-0814781418 3184: 3156: 3150:978-0814781418 3149: 3121: 3114: 3093: 3081:Dictionary.com 3068: 3061: 3033: 3027:978-0814781418 3026: 2998: 2992:978-1405823517 2991: 2973: 2942: 2908: 2882: 2856: 2850:978-1405127479 2849: 2830: 2829: 2827: 2824: 2823: 2822: 2817: 2811: 2810: 2807:History portal 2794: 2791: 2745: 2742: 2718: 2715: 2694: 2691: 2689: 2686: 2663:Main article: 2660: 2657: 2638: 2635: 2589: 2586: 2582:historic sites 2577:Public history 2572:Public history 2570:Main article: 2567: 2564: 2519:Gender studies 2515:Gender history 2506:Gender history 2501: 2498: 2489:Main article: 2486: 2483: 2475:nonconformists 2447:Main article: 2444: 2441: 2406:Main article: 2403: 2400: 2398:in the 1960s. 2387:Main article: 2384: 2381: 2360: 2357: 2332:Main article: 2329: 2326: 2318:art in society 2313:social history 2305:Main article: 2302: 2299: 2298: 2297: 2292: 2291: 2290: 2280: 2275: 2270: 2265: 2260: 2255: 2250: 2248:Gender history 2245: 2243:Ethnic history 2240: 2235: 2225: 2222: 2192:Social history 2187:Social history 2185:Main article: 2182: 2179: 2162:Church History 2153:Main article: 2150: 2147: 2135:Main article: 2132: 2129: 2114: 2111: 2110: 2109: 2103: 2102: 2101: 2095: 2089: 2077: 2076: 2075: 2074: 2073: 2067: 2061: 2055: 2043: 2030: 2029: 2028: 2022: 2016: 2010: 1998: 1958: 1955: 1930:Jules Michelet 1909: 1906: 1873: 1870: 1844:Main article: 1841: 1838: 1835: 1834: 1833: 1832: 1826: 1823:Gender history 1816: 1813:Social history 1810: 1800: 1794: 1788: 1782: 1776: 1770: 1760: 1753:Modern history 1750: 1744: 1738: 1732: 1726: 1720: 1714: 1708: 1702: 1696: 1690: 1684: 1660: 1659: 1652: 1651:Areas of study 1649: 1644:William Cronon 1619: 1616: 1608:John H. Arnold 1599:'s 1994 book, 1593:Postmodernists 1585:François Furet 1567:Western Europe 1547:Marxist theory 1526:social history 1508:Annales school 1473:social science 1396:Arab historian 1292: 1291: 1279: 1278: 1271: 1264: 1257: 1250: 1243: 1227: 1204: 1201: 1167:Historiography 1165:Main article: 1162: 1161:Historiography 1159: 1101: 1098: 1068:oral tradition 1049:Annales school 1011: 1008: 995:historiography 894:Middle English 728: 725: 644:is considered 591: 590: 579: 567: 557:Manuscript of 555: 545: 535: 529: 523: 512: 496: 487: 486: 484: 483: 476: 469: 461: 458: 457: 456: 455: 442: 425: 424: 421: 420: 415: 410: 408:Post-classical 405: 400: 394: 389: 388: 385: 384: 381: 380: 375: 370: 365: 360: 355: 350: 345: 340: 334: 328: 327: 324: 323: 320: 319: 314: 312:Southeast Asia 309: 304: 299: 294: 289: 284: 279: 274: 269: 264: 259: 254: 248: 245: 244: 241: 240: 237: 236: 221:Modern history 218: 200: 186: 180: 175: 174: 171: 170: 167: 166: 148: 143: 138: 136:Historiography 133: 128: 114: 109: 103: 100: 99: 96: 95: 93: 92: 87: 82: 76: 73: 72: 67: 59: 58: 52: 51: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 19353: 19342: 19339: 19337: 19334: 19332: 19329: 19328: 19326: 19315:from Wikidata 19314: 19313: 19301: 19297: 19296: 19284: 19280: 19279: 19267: 19263: 19262: 19250: 19246: 19245: 19233: 19230:from Wikinews 19229: 19228: 19216: 19212: 19211: 19199: 19195: 19194: 19182: 19181: 19178: 19172: 19148: 19140: 19138: 19130: 19129: 19125: 19115: 19112: 19108: 19105: 19103: 19100: 19099: 19098: 19095: 19093: 19090: 19088: 19085: 19083: 19080: 19079: 19076: 19069: 19065: 19053: 19050: 19049: 19048: 19045: 19043: 19040: 19037: 19033: 19030: 19028: 19025: 19024: 19021: 19014: 19010: 18996: 18993: 18991: 18988: 18985: 18981: 18979: 18976: 18974: 18973:Merton thesis 18971: 18970: 18968: 18963: 18959: 18951: 18948: 18946: 18943: 18941: 18938: 18936: 18933: 18931: 18928: 18926: 18925:Panbabylonism 18923: 18921: 18918: 18916: 18913: 18912: 18910: 18906: 18905: 18901: 18900: 18899: 18896: 18894: 18891: 18887: 18884: 18882: 18879: 18877: 18874: 18873: 18872: 18869: 18867: 18864: 18856: 18851: 18848: 18847: 18846: 18843: 18842: 18841: 18838: 18834: 18831: 18829: 18826: 18824: 18821: 18819: 18816: 18815: 18814: 18811: 18807: 18804: 18800: 18797: 18796: 18795: 18792: 18790: 18787: 18785: 18782: 18781: 18780: 18777: 18775: 18772: 18771: 18769: 18767: 18763: 18755: 18752: 18750: 18747: 18746: 18744: 18742: 18739: 18737: 18734: 18732: 18729: 18728: 18726: 18722: 18716: 18713: 18711: 18708: 18706: 18705: 18701: 18699: 18696: 18693: 18689: 18687: 18684: 18682: 18679: 18677: 18674: 18670: 18665: 18662: 18660: 18657: 18656: 18653: 18646: 18642: 18628: 18625: 18623: 18620: 18618: 18615: 18613: 18610: 18608: 18605: 18601: 18600: 18596: 18595: 18594: 18591: 18585: 18582: 18580: 18577: 18575: 18572: 18571: 18570: 18567: 18565: 18562: 18560: 18557: 18556: 18555: 18552: 18548: 18545: 18543: 18540: 18538: 18535: 18534: 18533: 18530: 18528: 18525: 18523: 18520: 18518: 18515: 18513: 18510: 18508: 18505: 18504: 18502: 18498: 18488: 18487:United States 18485: 18483: 18480: 18478: 18475: 18473: 18470: 18468: 18465: 18463: 18460: 18459: 18457: 18455: 18449: 18441: 18436: 18433: 18429: 18424: 18421: 18417: 18412: 18409: 18407: 18404: 18402: 18399: 18397: 18394: 18392: 18389: 18385: 18380: 18377: 18375: 18372: 18368: 18367:Bolivarianism 18365: 18361: 18356: 18353: 18352: 18351: 18350:Simon Bolivar 18348: 18346: 18343: 18341: 18338: 18336: 18333: 18331: 18328: 18324: 18319: 18316: 18314: 18311: 18309: 18306: 18304: 18301: 18299: 18296: 18294: 18291: 18287: 18282: 18281:Joseph Stalin 18279: 18275: 18270: 18267: 18265: 18262: 18260: 18257: 18255: 18252: 18250: 18247: 18243: 18238: 18235: 18231: 18226: 18223: 18221: 18218: 18216: 18213: 18211: 18208: 18206: 18203: 18201: 18198: 18196: 18193: 18192: 18190: 18184: 18180: 18173: 18169: 18154: 18146: 18145: 18141: 18135: 18132: 18130: 18127: 18125: 18122: 18120: 18117: 18116: 18114: 18110: 18102: 18099: 18098: 18096: 18092: 18089: 18087: 18084: 18083: 18081: 18080: 18078: 18076:Post-Cold War 18074: 18066: 18063: 18062: 18060: 18056: 18053: 18052: 18051: 18050:Falklands War 18048: 18046: 18045:Iran–Iraq War 18043: 18039: 18036: 18035: 18033: 18029: 18026: 18025: 18023: 18021: 18018: 18014: 18011: 18010: 18008: 18004: 18001: 17999: 17996: 17994: 17993:Ongoing Nakba 17990: 17987: 17986: 17985: 17982: 17980: 17977: 17976: 17974: 17972: 17968: 17956: 17951: 17948: 17946: 17945: 17941: 17939: 17938: 17934: 17932: 17929: 17928: 17926: 17924:Western Front 17922: 17914: 17911: 17910: 17908: 17906: 17905:Bengal famine 17903: 17901: 17898: 17896: 17893: 17892: 17890: 17886: 17880: 17877: 17875: 17872: 17870: 17867: 17865: 17862: 17858: 17855: 17854: 17853: 17850: 17848: 17844: 17840: 17838: 17835: 17833: 17830: 17828: 17825: 17824: 17822: 17820: 17819:The Holocaust 17816: 17808: 17805: 17803: 17800: 17799: 17798: 17795: 17793: 17790: 17788: 17785: 17783: 17780: 17778: 17775: 17774: 17772: 17770:Eastern Front 17768: 17762: 17759: 17757: 17754: 17752: 17749: 17747: 17744: 17742: 17739: 17738: 17736: 17734: 17730: 17722: 17719: 17718: 17716: 17712: 17709: 17708: 17707: 17704: 17702: 17699: 17698: 17696: 17694: 17690: 17678: 17675: 17673: 17670: 17669: 17668: 17665: 17663: 17660: 17659: 17657: 17655: 17649: 17642: 17637: 17634: 17632: 17628: 17625: 17623: 17620: 17618: 17615: 17613: 17610: 17606: 17601: 17598: 17595: 17591: 17588: 17585: 17581: 17577: 17574: 17572: 17570: 17566: 17556: 17551: 17548: 17546: 17543: 17542: 17540: 17536: 17533: 17532: 17531: 17528: 17526: 17523: 17519: 17516: 17515: 17514: 17511: 17509: 17506: 17502: 17501:Paris Commune 17499: 17497: 17494: 17493: 17491: 17487: 17486:Turning point 17484: 17482: 17479: 17478: 17477: 17474: 17473: 17462: 17459: 17457: 17454: 17453: 17452: 17449: 17447: 17444: 17438: 17433: 17430: 17428: 17425: 17421: 17416: 17413: 17412: 17411: 17408: 17407: 17405: 17401: 17397: 17394: 17390:18th and 19th 17388: 17382: 17379: 17375: 17372: 17370: 17367: 17366: 17365: 17362: 17360: 17357: 17355: 17352: 17348: 17345: 17344: 17343: 17340: 17336: 17335:Islamic views 17333: 17332: 17331: 17328: 17324: 17321: 17320: 17319: 17316: 17315: 17313: 17307: 17300: 17299: 17295: 17293: 17292: 17288: 17287: 17283: 17279: 17276: 17269: 17264: 17262: 17257: 17255: 17250: 17249: 17246: 17242: 17235: 17231: 17217: 17214: 17213: 17211: 17207: 17193: 17190: 17188: 17185: 17183: 17180: 17179: 17177: 17175: 17169: 17163: 17160: 17156: 17153: 17152: 17151: 17148: 17146: 17143: 17141: 17138: 17134: 17131: 17129: 17126: 17125: 17124: 17121: 17119: 17116: 17115: 17113: 17111: 17105: 17097: 17094: 17092: 17089: 17088: 17087: 17084: 17082: 17079: 17078: 17076: 17072: 17064: 17059: 17058:Ser de España 17056: 17052: 17047: 17044: 17042: 17039: 17037: 17034: 17028: 17023: 17020: 17019: 17018: 17017: 17013: 17009: 17004: 17001: 16999: 16996: 16994: 16993: 16989: 16987: 16984: 16982: 16979: 16977: 16973: 16970: 16969: 16967: 16963: 16955: 16952: 16950: 16947: 16945: 16942: 16941: 16940: 16937: 16933: 16930: 16929: 16928: 16925: 16919: 16914: 16911: 16910: 16907: 16902: 16899: 16897: 16894: 16893: 16891: 16887: 16879: 16874: 16871: 16869: 16866: 16864: 16861: 16859: 16856: 16854: 16851: 16850: 16848: 16844: 16836: 16833: 16832: 16831: 16828: 16826: 16823: 16821: 16820: 16816: 16814: 16813: 16809: 16807: 16804: 16802: 16801: 16797: 16795: 16792: 16791: 16789: 16785: 16779: 16776: 16774: 16771: 16768: 16764: 16762: 16759: 16758: 16756: 16754: 16750: 16744: 16741: 16739: 16736: 16734: 16731: 16730: 16728: 16726: 16722: 16716: 16715: 16711: 16709: 16706: 16704: 16701: 16696: 16692: 16690: 16689: 16685: 16683: 16682: 16678: 16676: 16673: 16671: 16670: 16666: 16665: 16663: 16661: 16657: 16649: 16644: 16641: 16637: 16632: 16629: 16625: 16620: 16617: 16615: 16614: 16610: 16606: 16601: 16598: 16596: 16595: 16591: 16590: 16588: 16584: 16578: 16575: 16573: 16570: 16568: 16565: 16561: 16558: 16556: 16553: 16552: 16551: 16548: 16546: 16543: 16541: 16538: 16534: 16531: 16530: 16529: 16526: 16524: 16521: 16517: 16512: 16509: 16507: 16504: 16502: 16499: 16498: 16496: 16494: 16490: 16482: 16479: 16477: 16476:Ottoman claim 16474: 16472: 16469: 16467: 16464: 16463: 16462: 16459: 16457: 16456:Prosopography 16454: 16452: 16449: 16447: 16444: 16440: 16437: 16436: 16435: 16432: 16430: 16427: 16426: 16424: 16422: 16418: 16410: 16409:Trưng sisters 16407: 16405: 16404: 16400: 16399: 16397: 16393: 16390: 16389: 16387: 16385: 16382: 16380: 16377: 16373: 16370: 16369: 16367: 16363: 16360: 16359: 16358: 16355: 16351: 16348: 16347: 16345: 16341: 16338: 16337: 16334: 16329: 16326: 16322: 16319: 16318: 16317: 16314: 16312: 16309: 16305: 16302: 16300: 16297: 16296: 16295: 16292: 16290: 16287: 16283: 16280: 16279: 16277: 16273: 16270: 16269: 16268: 16265: 16261: 16260: 16256: 16255: 16253: 16247: 16242: 16239: 16235: 16230: 16227: 16223: 16218: 16215: 16214: 16212: 16210: 16207: 16201: 16196: 16193: 16192: 16189: 16184: 16181: 16179: 16176: 16172: 16169: 16168: 16166: 16164: 16161: 16157: 16156:Habsburg myth 16154: 16153: 16151: 16147: 16144: 16143: 16142: 16139: 16138: 16136: 16132: 16122: 16119: 16115: 16112: 16111: 16110: 16107: 16105: 16102: 16100: 16097: 16095: 16092: 16088: 16085: 16083: 16080: 16078: 16075: 16074: 16073: 16070: 16069: 16067: 16065: 16064:United States 16061: 16053: 16052: 16048: 16047: 16046: 16043: 16039: 16036: 16035: 16034: 16031: 16025: 16020: 16017: 16015: 16011: 16008: 16007: 16006: 16003: 16002: 16000: 15998: 15997:Latin America 15994: 15988: 15985: 15981: 15978: 15976: 15973: 15971: 15968: 15967: 15966: 15963: 15962: 15960: 15956: 15950: 15949: 15945: 15941: 15938: 15937: 15935: 15931: 15928: 15927: 15925: 15923: 15920: 15914: 15909: 15906: 15904: 15901: 15900: 15898: 15897: 15895: 15893: 15889: 15885: 15878: 15874: 15854: 15851: 15850: 15849: 15846: 15844: 15840: 15837: 15835: 15831: 15828: 15826: 15823: 15821: 15818: 15817: 15815: 15813: 15807: 15801: 15800: 15796: 15794: 15793: 15788: 15787: 15783: 15781: 15778: 15776: 15773: 15769: 15766: 15765: 15764: 15763: 15759: 15757: 15754: 15752: 15749: 15747: 15744: 15742: 15739: 15737: 15733: 15730: 15728: 15725: 15723: 15720: 15718: 15714: 15711: 15709: 15706: 15705: 15703: 15699: 15693: 15690: 15684: 15679: 15676: 15675: 15672: 15667: 15664: 15662: 15659: 15657: 15654: 15652: 15649: 15647: 15644: 15642: 15639: 15638: 15636: 15632: 15628: 15621: 15617: 15601: 15598: 15597: 15596: 15593: 15591: 15590:Transnational 15588: 15586: 15583: 15581: 15578: 15576: 15573: 15569: 15566: 15565: 15564: 15561: 15557: 15554: 15552: 15549: 15548: 15547: 15544: 15540: 15537: 15536: 15535: 15532: 15530: 15527: 15523: 15518: 15515: 15513: 15510: 15508: 15505: 15503: 15500: 15498: 15495: 15493: 15490: 15488: 15485: 15481: 15480:Decoloniality 15478: 15477: 15476: 15473: 15471: 15468: 15466: 15462: 15461:Historiometry 15459: 15455: 15454: 15450: 15448: 15445: 15444: 15443: 15440: 15439: 15437: 15431: 15423: 15420: 15418: 15417: 15413: 15411: 15408: 15407: 15406: 15405:Periodization 15403: 15401: 15398: 15397: 15394: 15390: 15385: 15381: 15365: 15362: 15360: 15357: 15353: 15350: 15349: 15348: 15345: 15343: 15340: 15338: 15335: 15333: 15330: 15328: 15325: 15323: 15320: 15319: 15318: 15315: 15311: 15308: 15306: 15303: 15302: 15301: 15298: 15296: 15293: 15291: 15288: 15286: 15283: 15279: 15278: 15274: 15273: 15272: 15269: 15265: 15262: 15260: 15257: 15255: 15252: 15250: 15247: 15246: 15245: 15242: 15240: 15236: 15232: 15229: 15227: 15224: 15222: 15218: 15215: 15214: 15212: 15208: 15202: 15199: 15197: 15194: 15192: 15191:Sigillography 15189: 15187: 15186:Prosopography 15184: 15182: 15179: 15177: 15174: 15172: 15169: 15165: 15162: 15161: 15160: 15157: 15155: 15152: 15150: 15147: 15145: 15142: 15140: 15137: 15135: 15132: 15130: 15127: 15125: 15122: 15118: 15115: 15114: 15113: 15110: 15108: 15105: 15103: 15099: 15096: 15093: 15089: 15085: 15082: 15081: 15079: 15075: 15069: 15066: 15064: 15063:Local history 15061: 15057: 15056:Human history 15054: 15053: 15052: 15051:World history 15049: 15047: 15044: 15043: 15041: 15037: 15033: 15029: 15024: 15020: 15004: 15001: 15000: 14999: 14996: 14994: 14991: 14989: 14986: 14984: 14981: 14979: 14976: 14972: 14969: 14968: 14967: 14964: 14962: 14959: 14957: 14954: 14952: 14949: 14947: 14944: 14942: 14939: 14937: 14934: 14932: 14929: 14927: 14924: 14922: 14919: 14917: 14914: 14912: 14909: 14907: 14904: 14903: 14901: 14897: 14891: 14888: 14886: 14883: 14881: 14878: 14877: 14875: 14871: 14867: 14863: 14858: 14854: 14847: 14846: 14842: 14840: 14839: 14835: 14833: 14832: 14828: 14826: 14825: 14821: 14820: 14817: 14816: 14812: 14808: 14807: 14803: 14799: 14798: 14797: 14796: 14792: 14791: 14787: 14783: 14776: 14771: 14769: 14764: 14762: 14757: 14756: 14753: 14749: 14743: 14740: 14738: 14735: 14733: 14730: 14729: 14726: 14723: 14721: 14720:Psychohistory 14718: 14716: 14713: 14711: 14708: 14706: 14703: 14701: 14698: 14696: 14693: 14691: 14688: 14687: 14684: 14681: 14679: 14676: 14674: 14673:Environmental 14671: 14669: 14666: 14664: 14661: 14659: 14656: 14654: 14651: 14650: 14647: 14643: 14636: 14631: 14629: 14624: 14622: 14617: 14616: 14613: 14601: 14598: 14596: 14593: 14591: 14588: 14586: 14583: 14581: 14578: 14576: 14573: 14571: 14568: 14566: 14563: 14562: 14560: 14556: 14550: 14547: 14546: 14544: 14540: 14534: 14531: 14530: 14528: 14524: 14514: 14511: 14509: 14506: 14504: 14501: 14499: 14496: 14494: 14491: 14490: 14488: 14486: 14482: 14476: 14473: 14471: 14468: 14466: 14463: 14459: 14456: 14454: 14451: 14449: 14446: 14444: 14441: 14440: 14439: 14436: 14434: 14431: 14429: 14426: 14424: 14421: 14419: 14416: 14414: 14411: 14409: 14406: 14404: 14401: 14400: 14398: 14396: 14392: 14389: 14387: 14384:Chronological 14381: 14371: 14368: 14366: 14363: 14361: 14358: 14356: 14353: 14351: 14350:Geochronology 14348: 14346: 14343: 14342: 14340: 14336: 14330: 14327: 14325: 14322: 14321: 14319: 14315: 14309: 14306: 14304: 14301: 14299: 14296: 14295: 14293: 14289: 14286: 14284: 14283:Geologic time 14280: 14274: 14271: 14269: 14268:Metonic cycle 14266: 14264: 14263:Galactic year 14261: 14259: 14256: 14254: 14251: 14250: 14248: 14246: 14242: 14232: 14229: 14227: 14224: 14220: 14217: 14215: 14212: 14211: 14210: 14207: 14205: 14204:ISO week date 14202: 14200: 14197: 14195: 14192: 14190: 14187: 14186: 14184: 14180: 14174: 14171: 14168: 14164: 14161: 14159: 14156: 14153: 14149: 14145: 14142: 14141: 14139: 14135: 14129: 14126: 14124: 14121: 14119: 14116: 14114: 14111: 14109: 14106: 14105: 14103: 14099: 14093: 14090: 14088: 14085: 14083: 14080: 14078: 14075: 14074: 14072: 14068: 14065: 14063: 14059: 14049: 14046: 14044: 14041: 14039: 14036: 14034: 14031: 14030: 14028: 14026: 14022: 14016: 14013: 14011: 14008: 14006: 14003: 14001: 13998: 13996: 13993: 13992: 13990: 13988: 13984: 13976: 13973: 13971: 13968: 13966: 13963: 13961: 13958: 13957: 13956: 13953: 13950: 13946: 13943: 13941: 13938: 13936: 13933: 13931: 13928: 13926: 13923: 13921: 13918: 13916: 13913: 13911: 13910:Byzantine era 13908: 13906: 13903: 13901: 13898: 13896: 13893: 13891: 13887: 13884: 13882: 13881: 13877: 13875: 13872: 13871: 13869: 13867: 13866:Calendar eras 13863: 13860: 13855: 13852: 13850: 13847: 13845: 13842: 13841: 13838: 13832: 13829: 13827: 13824: 13820: 13817: 13816: 13815: 13812: 13810: 13807: 13805: 13802: 13800: 13797: 13796: 13794: 13790: 13786: 13779: 13774: 13772: 13767: 13765: 13760: 13759: 13756: 13744: 13741: 13740: 13737: 13731: 13728: 13726: 13725:Social theory 13723: 13721: 13718: 13716: 13713: 13711: 13708: 13706: 13703: 13701: 13698: 13696: 13693: 13691: 13688: 13686: 13683: 13681: 13678: 13676: 13673: 13671: 13668: 13666: 13663: 13661: 13658: 13656: 13653: 13651: 13648: 13647: 13645: 13641: 13632: 13631: 13627: 13622: 13621: 13617: 13612: 13611: 13607: 13602: 13601: 13597: 13592: 13591: 13587: 13582: 13581: 13577: 13572: 13571: 13567: 13562: 13561: 13557: 13552: 13551: 13547: 13542: 13541: 13537: 13532: 13531: 13527: 13522: 13521: 13517: 13512: 13511: 13507: 13502: 13501: 13497: 13492: 13491: 13487: 13482: 13481: 13477: 13476: 13474: 13470: 13460: 13457: 13455: 13452: 13450: 13447: 13445: 13442: 13440: 13437: 13435: 13432: 13430: 13427: 13425: 13422: 13420: 13417: 13415: 13412: 13410: 13407: 13405: 13402: 13400: 13397: 13395: 13392: 13390: 13387: 13385: 13382: 13380: 13379:Radhakrishnan 13377: 13375: 13372: 13370: 13367: 13365: 13362: 13360: 13357: 13355: 13352: 13350: 13347: 13345: 13342: 13340: 13337: 13335: 13332: 13330: 13327: 13325: 13322: 13320: 13317: 13315: 13312: 13310: 13307: 13305: 13302: 13300: 13297: 13295: 13292: 13290: 13287: 13285: 13282: 13280: 13277: 13275: 13272: 13270: 13267: 13265: 13262: 13260: 13257: 13255: 13252: 13250: 13247: 13245: 13242: 13240: 13237: 13235: 13232: 13230: 13227: 13225: 13222: 13220: 13217: 13215: 13212: 13210: 13207: 13205: 13202: 13200: 13197: 13195: 13192: 13190: 13187: 13185: 13182: 13180: 13177: 13175: 13172: 13170: 13167: 13165: 13162: 13160: 13157: 13155: 13152: 13150: 13147: 13146: 13144: 13140:20th and 21st 13138: 13132: 13129: 13127: 13124: 13122: 13119: 13117: 13114: 13112: 13109: 13107: 13104: 13102: 13099: 13097: 13094: 13092: 13089: 13087: 13084: 13082: 13079: 13077: 13074: 13072: 13069: 13067: 13064: 13062: 13059: 13057: 13054: 13052: 13049: 13047: 13044: 13042: 13039: 13037: 13034: 13032: 13029: 13027: 13024: 13022: 13019: 13017: 13014: 13012: 13009: 13007: 13004: 13002: 12999: 12997: 12994: 12992: 12989: 12987: 12984: 12982: 12979: 12977: 12974: 12972: 12969: 12967: 12964: 12962: 12959: 12957: 12954: 12952: 12949: 12947: 12944: 12942: 12939: 12938: 12936: 12932:18th and 19th 12930: 12924: 12921: 12919: 12916: 12914: 12911: 12909: 12906: 12904: 12901: 12899: 12896: 12894: 12891: 12889: 12886: 12885: 12883: 12879: 12873: 12870: 12868: 12865: 12863: 12860: 12858: 12855: 12853: 12850: 12848: 12845: 12843: 12840: 12838: 12835: 12833: 12830: 12828: 12825: 12823: 12820: 12818: 12815: 12814: 12812: 12808: 12802: 12799: 12797: 12794: 12792: 12789: 12787: 12784: 12782: 12779: 12777: 12774: 12772: 12769: 12767: 12764: 12762: 12759: 12757: 12754: 12752: 12749: 12747: 12744: 12742: 12739: 12737: 12734: 12732: 12729: 12728: 12726: 12722: 12719: 12715: 12709: 12706: 12704: 12701: 12697: 12694: 12693: 12692: 12689: 12687: 12684: 12682: 12679: 12675: 12672: 12671: 12670: 12667: 12665: 12662: 12661: 12659: 12655: 12649: 12646: 12643: 12642: 12637: 12633: 12630: 12629: 12628: 12625: 12623: 12620: 12618: 12615: 12613: 12610: 12608: 12605: 12603: 12600: 12597: 12596: 12591: 12589: 12586: 12583: 12582: 12577: 12575: 12572: 12570: 12567: 12565: 12562: 12560: 12557: 12553: 12550: 12549: 12548: 12545: 12543: 12540: 12538: 12535: 12533: 12530: 12528: 12525: 12523: 12520: 12516: 12513: 12512: 12511: 12508: 12506: 12503: 12501: 12498: 12496: 12493: 12491: 12488: 12484: 12481: 12480: 12479: 12476: 12472: 12469: 12467: 12464: 12462: 12459: 12458: 12457: 12454: 12452: 12449: 12447: 12444: 12442: 12439: 12437: 12434: 12432: 12429: 12427: 12424: 12423: 12421: 12417: 12413: 12406: 12401: 12399: 12394: 12392: 12387: 12386: 12383: 12371: 12370: 12365: 12361: 12359: 12354: 12349: 12347: 12346: 12337: 12335: 12334: 12325: 12324: 12321: 12315: 12312: 12310: 12309:Human science 12307: 12305: 12304: 12300: 12298: 12295: 12294: 12292: 12288: 12282: 12279: 12278: 12276: 12272: 12266: 12265:Vegan studies 12263: 12261: 12258: 12254: 12251: 12249: 12246: 12245: 12244: 12241: 12239: 12236: 12234: 12231: 12229: 12228:Public health 12226: 12224: 12221: 12219: 12216: 12214: 12211: 12207: 12204: 12202: 12199: 12197: 12194: 12193: 12191: 12187: 12184: 12182: 12179: 12177: 12174: 12172: 12169: 12167: 12164: 12163: 12162:Philosophies 12161: 12159: 12158:Media studies 12156: 12154: 12151: 12149: 12146: 12144: 12141: 12139: 12136: 12134: 12133:Human ecology 12131: 12129: 12126: 12124: 12121: 12119: 12116: 12114: 12111: 12109: 12106: 12102: 12099: 12097: 12094: 12093: 12091: 12089: 12086: 12084: 12081: 12079: 12076: 12074: 12071: 12069: 12066: 12064: 12061: 12059: 12056: 12054: 12051: 12049: 12046: 12044: 12043:Anthrozoology 12041: 12037: 12034: 12032: 12029: 12028: 12026: 12025: 12023: 12019: 12011: 12008: 12006: 12003: 12001: 11998: 11996: 11993: 11991: 11988: 11987: 11986: 11983: 11979: 11976: 11974: 11971: 11969: 11968:developmental 11966: 11964: 11961: 11959: 11956: 11955: 11954: 11951: 11947: 11944: 11942: 11941:public policy 11939: 11937: 11934: 11932: 11929: 11927: 11924: 11923: 11922: 11919: 11915: 11912: 11911: 11910: 11907: 11903: 11900: 11898: 11895: 11893: 11892:legal systems 11890: 11888: 11887:legal history 11885: 11883: 11882:jurisprudence 11880: 11879: 11878: 11875: 11871: 11868: 11866: 11863: 11861: 11858: 11856: 11853: 11851: 11848: 11846: 11843: 11841: 11838: 11837: 11836: 11833: 11829: 11826: 11824: 11821: 11819: 11816: 11814: 11811: 11810: 11809: 11806: 11802: 11799: 11797: 11794: 11792: 11789: 11787: 11784: 11783: 11782: 11779: 11775: 11772: 11770: 11767: 11765: 11762: 11760: 11757: 11756: 11755: 11752: 11751: 11749: 11745: 11739: 11736: 11734: 11731: 11729: 11726: 11725: 11722: 11718: 11711: 11706: 11704: 11699: 11697: 11692: 11691: 11688: 11676: 11675: 11671: 11669: 11666: 11664: 11661: 11659: 11656: 11654: 11651: 11649: 11646: 11644: 11641: 11637: 11634: 11633: 11632: 11629: 11628: 11626: 11622: 11616: 11613: 11611: 11608: 11606: 11603: 11601: 11598: 11596: 11593: 11589: 11588: 11584: 11583: 11582: 11581:Human science 11579: 11577: 11574: 11573: 11571: 11567: 11561: 11560: 11556: 11554: 11551: 11549: 11546: 11544: 11541: 11539: 11536: 11534: 11531: 11529: 11526: 11524: 11521: 11519: 11516: 11514: 11513: 11509: 11507: 11504: 11502: 11499: 11498: 11496: 11492: 11486: 11483: 11481: 11478: 11476: 11473: 11471: 11468: 11466: 11463: 11459: 11456: 11455: 11454: 11451: 11447: 11444: 11442: 11439: 11438: 11437: 11434: 11432: 11431: 11427: 11425: 11422: 11420: 11417: 11415: 11411: 11409: 11406: 11404: 11401: 11397: 11394: 11393: 11392: 11389: 11387: 11384: 11382: 11379: 11377: 11374: 11372: 11369: 11367: 11366: 11362: 11360: 11359: 11355: 11353: 11350: 11348: 11345: 11343: 11340: 11338: 11335: 11333: 11330: 11329: 11327: 11323: 11313: 11310: 11308: 11305: 11303: 11300: 11298: 11297:Environmental 11295: 11293: 11290: 11289: 11287: 11283: 11275: 11272: 11270: 11267: 11265: 11262: 11261: 11260: 11257: 11255: 11252: 11250: 11247: 11243: 11240: 11238: 11235: 11233: 11230: 11229: 11228: 11225: 11223: 11220: 11216: 11213: 11211: 11208: 11206: 11203: 11202: 11201: 11200:Language arts 11198: 11196: 11193: 11191: 11188: 11186: 11183: 11181: 11178: 11177: 11175: 11171: 11167: 11160: 11155: 11153: 11148: 11146: 11141: 11140: 11137: 11125: 11117: 11115: 11107: 11106: 11103: 11097: 11094: 11092: 11089: 11087: 11084: 11082: 11081: 11077: 11075: 11072: 11070: 11067: 11065: 11062: 11060: 11057: 11055: 11052: 11051: 11049: 11045: 11035: 11032: 11030: 11027: 11025: 11022: 11018: 11015: 11014: 11013: 11012:Chronobiology 11010: 11008: 11005: 11004: 11002: 10998: 10992: 10989: 10987: 10984: 10982: 10979: 10977: 10974: 10972: 10969: 10967: 10964: 10962: 10959: 10957: 10954: 10952: 10949: 10947: 10946:Arrow of time 10944: 10942: 10939: 10938: 10936: 10934: 10930: 10924: 10921: 10919: 10918:Geochronology 10916: 10912: 10909: 10907: 10904: 10902: 10899: 10897: 10894: 10892: 10889: 10887: 10884: 10883: 10882: 10879: 10878: 10876: 10874: 10870: 10867: 10865: 10860: 10854: 10850: 10846: 10843: 10841: 10838: 10836: 10833: 10831: 10828: 10824: 10821: 10819: 10816: 10815: 10814: 10811: 10809: 10806: 10804: 10801: 10799: 10796: 10795: 10793: 10791: 10786: 10782: 10774: 10771: 10770: 10769: 10768:Wheel of time 10766: 10762: 10759: 10758: 10757: 10754: 10752: 10749: 10747: 10744: 10742: 10739: 10737: 10734: 10732: 10729: 10728: 10726: 10721: 10718: 10716: 10713: 10712: 10709: 10703: 10702: 10698: 10696: 10693: 10691: 10688: 10686: 10683: 10681: 10678: 10676: 10673: 10671: 10668: 10666: 10663: 10661: 10658: 10656: 10653: 10651: 10648: 10646: 10643: 10641: 10638: 10637: 10635: 10633: 10629: 10623: 10620: 10618: 10615: 10613: 10612:Periodization 10610: 10608: 10605: 10603: 10600: 10598: 10595: 10593: 10590: 10589: 10587: 10582: 10579: 10577: 10574: 10573: 10570: 10558: 10557: 10553: 10552: 10551: 10550: 10546: 10544: 10541: 10539: 10538:Digital clock 10536: 10534: 10531: 10527: 10524: 10520: 10517: 10515: 10512: 10511: 10510: 10507: 10505: 10502: 10500: 10497: 10495: 10492: 10488: 10485: 10484: 10483: 10480: 10476: 10473: 10472: 10471: 10468: 10467: 10466: 10463: 10462: 10460: 10458: 10454: 10448: 10447: 10443: 10441: 10438: 10436: 10433: 10431: 10428: 10426: 10423: 10421: 10418: 10416: 10413: 10411: 10408: 10406: 10403: 10399: 10396: 10394: 10391: 10389: 10386: 10385: 10384: 10381: 10380: 10378: 10376: 10372: 10366: 10363: 10361: 10358: 10356: 10353: 10351: 10348: 10346: 10343: 10341: 10338: 10336: 10333: 10331: 10328: 10326: 10323: 10321: 10318: 10316: 10315:Relative hour 10313: 10311: 10310:24-hour clock 10308: 10306: 10305:12-hour clock 10303: 10301: 10298: 10296: 10293: 10292: 10290: 10288: 10282: 10276: 10273: 10271: 10268: 10266: 10263: 10261: 10258: 10256: 10253: 10252: 10250: 10248: 10244: 10241: 10239: 10234: 10230: 10224: 10221: 10219: 10216: 10214: 10211: 10209: 10206: 10205: 10203: 10199: 10195: 10188: 10183: 10181: 10176: 10174: 10169: 10168: 10165: 10152: 10144: 10142: 10134: 10133: 10129: 10119: 10116: 10112: 10109: 10107: 10104: 10103: 10102: 10099: 10097: 10094: 10092: 10089: 10087: 10084: 10083: 10080: 10073: 10069: 10057: 10054: 10053: 10052: 10049: 10047: 10044: 10041: 10037: 10034: 10032: 10029: 10028: 10025: 10018: 10014: 10000: 9997: 9995: 9992: 9989: 9985: 9983: 9980: 9978: 9977:Merton thesis 9975: 9974: 9972: 9967: 9963: 9955: 9952: 9950: 9947: 9945: 9942: 9940: 9937: 9935: 9932: 9930: 9929:Panbabylonism 9927: 9925: 9922: 9920: 9917: 9916: 9914: 9910: 9909: 9905: 9904: 9903: 9900: 9898: 9895: 9891: 9888: 9886: 9883: 9881: 9878: 9877: 9876: 9873: 9871: 9868: 9860: 9855: 9852: 9851: 9850: 9847: 9846: 9845: 9842: 9838: 9835: 9833: 9830: 9828: 9825: 9823: 9820: 9819: 9818: 9815: 9811: 9808: 9804: 9801: 9800: 9799: 9796: 9794: 9791: 9789: 9786: 9785: 9784: 9781: 9779: 9776: 9775: 9773: 9771: 9767: 9759: 9756: 9754: 9751: 9750: 9748: 9746: 9743: 9741: 9738: 9736: 9733: 9732: 9730: 9726: 9720: 9717: 9715: 9712: 9710: 9709: 9705: 9703: 9700: 9697: 9693: 9691: 9688: 9686: 9683: 9681: 9678: 9674: 9669: 9666: 9664: 9661: 9660: 9657: 9650: 9646: 9632: 9629: 9627: 9624: 9622: 9619: 9617: 9614: 9612: 9609: 9605: 9604: 9600: 9599: 9598: 9595: 9589: 9586: 9584: 9581: 9579: 9576: 9575: 9574: 9571: 9569: 9566: 9564: 9561: 9560: 9559: 9556: 9552: 9549: 9547: 9544: 9542: 9539: 9538: 9537: 9534: 9532: 9529: 9527: 9524: 9522: 9519: 9517: 9514: 9512: 9509: 9508: 9506: 9502: 9492: 9491:United States 9489: 9487: 9484: 9482: 9479: 9477: 9474: 9472: 9469: 9467: 9464: 9463: 9461: 9459: 9453: 9445: 9440: 9437: 9433: 9428: 9425: 9421: 9416: 9413: 9411: 9408: 9406: 9403: 9401: 9398: 9396: 9393: 9389: 9384: 9381: 9379: 9376: 9372: 9371:Bolivarianism 9369: 9365: 9360: 9357: 9356: 9355: 9354:Simon Bolivar 9352: 9350: 9347: 9345: 9342: 9340: 9337: 9335: 9332: 9328: 9323: 9320: 9318: 9315: 9313: 9310: 9308: 9305: 9303: 9300: 9298: 9295: 9291: 9286: 9285:Joseph Stalin 9283: 9279: 9274: 9271: 9269: 9266: 9264: 9261: 9259: 9256: 9254: 9251: 9247: 9242: 9239: 9235: 9230: 9227: 9225: 9222: 9220: 9217: 9215: 9212: 9210: 9207: 9205: 9202: 9200: 9197: 9196: 9194: 9188: 9184: 9177: 9173: 9158: 9150: 9149: 9145: 9139: 9136: 9134: 9131: 9129: 9126: 9124: 9121: 9120: 9118: 9114: 9106: 9103: 9102: 9100: 9096: 9093: 9091: 9088: 9087: 9085: 9084: 9082: 9080:Post-Cold War 9078: 9070: 9067: 9066: 9064: 9060: 9057: 9056: 9055: 9054:Falklands War 9052: 9050: 9049:Iran–Iraq War 9047: 9043: 9040: 9039: 9037: 9033: 9030: 9029: 9027: 9025: 9022: 9018: 9015: 9014: 9012: 9008: 9005: 9003: 9000: 8998: 8997:Ongoing Nakba 8994: 8991: 8990: 8989: 8986: 8984: 8981: 8980: 8978: 8976: 8972: 8960: 8955: 8952: 8950: 8949: 8945: 8943: 8942: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8932: 8930: 8928:Western Front 8926: 8918: 8915: 8914: 8912: 8910: 8909:Bengal famine 8907: 8905: 8902: 8900: 8897: 8896: 8894: 8890: 8884: 8881: 8879: 8876: 8874: 8871: 8869: 8866: 8862: 8859: 8858: 8857: 8854: 8852: 8848: 8844: 8842: 8839: 8837: 8834: 8832: 8829: 8828: 8826: 8824: 8823:The Holocaust 8820: 8812: 8809: 8807: 8804: 8803: 8802: 8799: 8797: 8794: 8792: 8789: 8787: 8784: 8782: 8779: 8778: 8776: 8774:Eastern Front 8772: 8766: 8763: 8761: 8758: 8756: 8753: 8751: 8748: 8746: 8743: 8742: 8740: 8738: 8734: 8726: 8723: 8722: 8720: 8716: 8713: 8712: 8711: 8708: 8706: 8703: 8702: 8700: 8698: 8694: 8682: 8679: 8677: 8674: 8673: 8672: 8669: 8667: 8664: 8663: 8661: 8659: 8653: 8646: 8641: 8638: 8636: 8632: 8629: 8627: 8624: 8622: 8619: 8617: 8614: 8610: 8605: 8602: 8599: 8595: 8592: 8589: 8585: 8581: 8578: 8576: 8574: 8570: 8560: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8546: 8544: 8540: 8537: 8536: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8523: 8520: 8519: 8518: 8515: 8513: 8510: 8506: 8505:Paris Commune 8503: 8501: 8498: 8497: 8495: 8491: 8490:Turning point 8488: 8486: 8483: 8482: 8481: 8478: 8477: 8466: 8463: 8461: 8458: 8457: 8456: 8453: 8451: 8448: 8442: 8437: 8434: 8432: 8429: 8425: 8420: 8417: 8416: 8415: 8412: 8411: 8409: 8405: 8401: 8398: 8394:18th and 19th 8392: 8386: 8383: 8379: 8376: 8374: 8371: 8370: 8369: 8366: 8364: 8361: 8359: 8356: 8352: 8349: 8348: 8347: 8344: 8340: 8339:Islamic views 8337: 8336: 8335: 8332: 8328: 8325: 8324: 8323: 8320: 8319: 8317: 8311: 8304: 8303: 8299: 8297: 8296: 8292: 8291: 8287: 8283: 8280: 8273: 8268: 8266: 8261: 8259: 8254: 8253: 8250: 8246: 8239: 8235: 8221: 8218: 8217: 8215: 8211: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8183: 8181: 8179: 8173: 8167: 8164: 8160: 8157: 8156: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8145: 8142: 8138: 8135: 8133: 8130: 8129: 8128: 8125: 8123: 8120: 8119: 8117: 8115: 8109: 8101: 8098: 8096: 8093: 8092: 8091: 8088: 8086: 8083: 8082: 8080: 8076: 8068: 8063: 8062:Ser de España 8060: 8056: 8051: 8048: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8032: 8027: 8024: 8023: 8022: 8021: 8017: 8013: 8008: 8005: 8003: 8000: 7998: 7997: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7986: 7983: 7981: 7977: 7974: 7973: 7971: 7967: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7946: 7945: 7944: 7941: 7937: 7934: 7933: 7932: 7929: 7923: 7918: 7915: 7914: 7911: 7906: 7903: 7901: 7898: 7897: 7895: 7891: 7883: 7878: 7875: 7873: 7870: 7868: 7865: 7863: 7860: 7858: 7855: 7854: 7852: 7848: 7840: 7837: 7836: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7824: 7820: 7818: 7817: 7813: 7811: 7808: 7806: 7805: 7801: 7799: 7796: 7795: 7793: 7789: 7783: 7780: 7778: 7775: 7772: 7768: 7766: 7763: 7762: 7760: 7758: 7754: 7748: 7745: 7743: 7740: 7738: 7735: 7734: 7732: 7730: 7726: 7720: 7719: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7700: 7696: 7694: 7693: 7689: 7687: 7686: 7682: 7680: 7677: 7675: 7674: 7670: 7669: 7667: 7665: 7661: 7653: 7648: 7645: 7641: 7636: 7633: 7629: 7624: 7621: 7619: 7618: 7614: 7610: 7605: 7602: 7600: 7599: 7595: 7594: 7592: 7588: 7582: 7579: 7577: 7574: 7572: 7569: 7565: 7562: 7560: 7557: 7556: 7555: 7552: 7550: 7547: 7545: 7542: 7538: 7535: 7534: 7533: 7530: 7528: 7525: 7521: 7516: 7513: 7511: 7508: 7506: 7503: 7502: 7500: 7498: 7494: 7486: 7483: 7481: 7480:Ottoman claim 7478: 7476: 7473: 7471: 7468: 7467: 7466: 7463: 7461: 7460:Prosopography 7458: 7456: 7453: 7451: 7448: 7444: 7441: 7440: 7439: 7436: 7434: 7431: 7430: 7428: 7426: 7422: 7414: 7413:Trưng sisters 7411: 7409: 7408: 7404: 7403: 7401: 7397: 7394: 7393: 7391: 7389: 7386: 7384: 7381: 7377: 7374: 7373: 7371: 7367: 7364: 7363: 7362: 7359: 7355: 7352: 7351: 7349: 7345: 7342: 7341: 7338: 7333: 7330: 7326: 7323: 7322: 7321: 7318: 7316: 7313: 7309: 7306: 7304: 7301: 7300: 7299: 7296: 7294: 7291: 7287: 7284: 7283: 7281: 7277: 7274: 7273: 7272: 7269: 7265: 7264: 7260: 7259: 7257: 7251: 7246: 7243: 7239: 7234: 7231: 7227: 7222: 7219: 7218: 7216: 7214: 7211: 7205: 7200: 7197: 7196: 7193: 7188: 7185: 7183: 7180: 7176: 7173: 7172: 7170: 7168: 7165: 7161: 7160:Habsburg myth 7158: 7157: 7155: 7151: 7148: 7147: 7146: 7143: 7142: 7140: 7136: 7126: 7123: 7119: 7116: 7115: 7114: 7111: 7109: 7106: 7104: 7101: 7099: 7096: 7092: 7089: 7087: 7084: 7082: 7079: 7078: 7077: 7074: 7073: 7071: 7069: 7068:United States 7065: 7057: 7056: 7052: 7051: 7050: 7047: 7043: 7040: 7039: 7038: 7035: 7029: 7024: 7021: 7019: 7015: 7012: 7011: 7010: 7007: 7006: 7004: 7002: 7001:Latin America 6998: 6992: 6989: 6985: 6982: 6980: 6977: 6975: 6972: 6971: 6970: 6967: 6966: 6964: 6960: 6954: 6953: 6949: 6945: 6942: 6941: 6939: 6935: 6932: 6931: 6929: 6927: 6924: 6918: 6913: 6910: 6908: 6905: 6904: 6902: 6901: 6899: 6897: 6893: 6889: 6882: 6878: 6858: 6855: 6854: 6853: 6850: 6848: 6844: 6841: 6839: 6835: 6832: 6830: 6827: 6825: 6822: 6821: 6819: 6817: 6811: 6805: 6804: 6800: 6798: 6797: 6792: 6791: 6787: 6785: 6782: 6780: 6777: 6773: 6770: 6769: 6768: 6767: 6763: 6761: 6758: 6756: 6753: 6751: 6748: 6746: 6743: 6741: 6737: 6734: 6732: 6729: 6727: 6724: 6722: 6718: 6715: 6713: 6710: 6709: 6707: 6703: 6697: 6694: 6688: 6683: 6680: 6679: 6676: 6671: 6668: 6666: 6663: 6661: 6658: 6656: 6653: 6651: 6648: 6646: 6643: 6642: 6640: 6636: 6632: 6625: 6621: 6605: 6602: 6601: 6600: 6597: 6595: 6594:Transnational 6592: 6590: 6587: 6585: 6582: 6580: 6577: 6573: 6570: 6569: 6568: 6565: 6561: 6558: 6556: 6553: 6552: 6551: 6548: 6544: 6541: 6540: 6539: 6536: 6534: 6531: 6527: 6522: 6519: 6517: 6514: 6512: 6509: 6507: 6504: 6502: 6499: 6497: 6494: 6492: 6489: 6485: 6484:Decoloniality 6482: 6481: 6480: 6477: 6475: 6472: 6470: 6466: 6465:Historiometry 6463: 6459: 6458: 6454: 6452: 6449: 6448: 6447: 6444: 6443: 6441: 6435: 6427: 6424: 6422: 6421: 6417: 6415: 6412: 6411: 6410: 6409:Periodization 6407: 6405: 6402: 6401: 6398: 6394: 6389: 6385: 6369: 6366: 6364: 6361: 6357: 6354: 6353: 6352: 6349: 6347: 6344: 6342: 6339: 6337: 6334: 6332: 6329: 6327: 6324: 6323: 6322: 6319: 6315: 6312: 6310: 6307: 6306: 6305: 6302: 6300: 6297: 6295: 6292: 6290: 6287: 6283: 6282: 6278: 6277: 6276: 6273: 6269: 6266: 6264: 6261: 6259: 6256: 6254: 6251: 6250: 6249: 6246: 6244: 6240: 6236: 6233: 6231: 6228: 6226: 6222: 6219: 6218: 6216: 6212: 6206: 6203: 6201: 6198: 6196: 6195:Sigillography 6193: 6191: 6190:Prosopography 6188: 6186: 6183: 6181: 6178: 6176: 6173: 6169: 6166: 6165: 6164: 6161: 6159: 6156: 6154: 6151: 6149: 6146: 6144: 6141: 6139: 6136: 6134: 6131: 6129: 6126: 6122: 6119: 6118: 6117: 6114: 6112: 6109: 6107: 6103: 6100: 6097: 6093: 6089: 6086: 6085: 6083: 6079: 6073: 6070: 6068: 6067:Local history 6065: 6061: 6060:Human history 6058: 6057: 6056: 6055:World history 6053: 6051: 6048: 6047: 6045: 6041: 6037: 6033: 6028: 6024: 6008: 6005: 6004: 6003: 6000: 5998: 5995: 5993: 5990: 5988: 5985: 5983: 5980: 5976: 5973: 5972: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5907: 5905: 5901: 5895: 5892: 5890: 5887: 5885: 5882: 5881: 5879: 5875: 5871: 5867: 5862: 5858: 5851: 5850: 5846: 5844: 5843: 5839: 5837: 5836: 5832: 5830: 5829: 5825: 5824: 5821: 5820: 5816: 5812: 5811: 5807: 5803: 5802: 5801: 5800: 5796: 5795: 5791: 5787: 5780: 5775: 5773: 5768: 5766: 5761: 5760: 5757: 5751: 5744: 5737: 5734: 5731: 5728: 5725: 5722: 5719: 5715: 5711: 5710:Larned, J. N. 5708: 5705: 5701: 5698: 5693: 5688: 5683: 5678: 5677: 5666: 5664:85-7164-837-9 5660: 5656: 5651: 5638: 5634: 5633: 5627: 5624: 5619: 5614: 5610: 5604: 5600: 5595: 5592: 5587: 5582: 5570: 5566: 5560: 5556: 5552: 5547: 5544: 5539: 5534: 5530: 5525: 5521: 5515: 5511: 5506: 5492: 5487: 5482: 5478: 5474: 5470: 5465: 5461: 5455: 5451: 5447: 5442: 5438: 5433: 5428: 5424: 5420: 5419: 5407: 5403: 5397: 5381: 5377: 5373: 5366: 5350: 5346: 5342: 5335: 5327: 5323: 5319: 5315: 5308: 5301: 5295: 5288: 5282: 5275: 5269: 5261: 5257: 5251: 5244: 5238: 5231: 5225: 5219: 5215: 5209: 5202: 5196: 5189: 5183: 5176: 5172: 5167: 5161: 5157: 5154: 5150: 5144: 5138: 5134: 5131: 5128: 5124: 5118: 5112: 5108: 5105: 5102: 5098: 5092: 5084: 5080: 5076: 5072: 5068: 5064: 5057: 5041: 5037: 5033: 5026: 5018: 5012: 5008: 5001: 4993: 4986: 4967: 4962: 4957: 4953: 4949: 4945: 4941: 4934: 4927: 4911: 4907: 4901: 4897: 4896: 4888: 4872: 4868: 4864: 4858: 4843:on 1 May 2011 4842: 4838: 4834: 4828: 4821: 4815: 4808: 4804: 4799: 4793: 4789: 4786: 4782: 4779:J.D. Hughes, 4776: 4770: 4766: 4763: 4759: 4753: 4744: 4737: 4731: 4715: 4711: 4705: 4701: 4697: 4693: 4685: 4674: 4663: 4661:9782847363623 4657: 4653: 4649: 4645: 4641: 4635: 4631: 4627: 4623: 4619: 4618: 4614: 4606: 4600: 4596: 4592: 4585: 4577: 4571: 4567: 4563: 4557: 4549: 4545: 4539: 4531: 4527: 4523: 4519: 4515: 4511: 4507: 4503: 4495: 4488: 4482: 4474: 4470: 4466: 4462: 4454: 4446: 4442: 4438: 4434: 4427: 4419: 4413: 4409: 4402: 4386: 4382: 4378: 4374: 4368: 4364: 4360: 4356: 4348: 4337: 4329: 4327:85-7164-837-9 4323: 4319: 4316: 4310: 4302: 4296: 4292: 4285: 4277: 4271: 4267: 4263: 4257: 4249: 4245: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4229: 4222: 4214: 4208: 4204: 4197: 4189: 4183: 4179: 4172: 4164: 4157: 4149: 4142: 4134: 4130: 4126: 4122: 4118: 4114: 4110: 4106: 4099: 4097: 4088: 4082: 4078: 4071: 4069: 4060: 4054: 4050: 4043: 4041: 4032: 4028: 4022: 4015: 4009: 4002: 3995: 3989: 3985: 3982: 3981: 3973: 3966: 3960: 3953: 3948: 3941: 3936: 3929: 3923: 3916: 3912: 3906: 3899: 3896: 3890: 3882: 3880:9789839541533 3876: 3872: 3865: 3857: 3851: 3847: 3840: 3831: 3823: 3817: 3813: 3806: 3798: 3796:9780881338348 3792: 3788: 3781: 3773: 3771:9780881338348 3767: 3763: 3756: 3754: 3745: 3743:9780231160483 3739: 3735: 3728: 3721: 3715: 3708: 3702: 3686: 3682: 3676: 3674: 3665: 3659: 3655: 3648: 3641: 3637: 3636: 3632: 3629: 3624: 3619: 3611: 3607: 3600: 3598: 3589: 3583: 3579: 3572: 3556: 3552: 3546: 3542: 3541: 3533: 3524: 3516: 3510: 3506: 3499: 3491: 3487: 3483: 3476: 3474: 3472: 3464: 3460: 3457: 3452: 3445: 3441: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3427: 3421: 3414: 3413: 3409: 3406: 3399: 3390: 3381: 3379: 3377: 3369: 3363: 3361: 3354: 3345: 3329: 3322: 3306: 3299: 3283: 3279: 3273: 3269: 3268: 3260: 3252: 3251: 3243: 3235: 3234: 3226: 3210: 3206: 3202: 3195: 3187: 3181: 3177: 3173: 3172: 3167: 3160: 3152: 3146: 3142: 3138: 3137: 3132: 3125: 3117: 3111: 3107: 3100: 3098: 3082: 3078: 3072: 3064: 3058: 3054: 3050: 3049: 3044: 3037: 3029: 3023: 3020:. p. 6. 3019: 3015: 3014: 3009: 3002: 2994: 2988: 2984: 2977: 2961: 2957: 2953: 2946: 2930: 2926: 2922: 2915: 2913: 2896: 2892: 2886: 2870: 2866: 2860: 2852: 2846: 2842: 2835: 2831: 2821: 2818: 2816: 2813: 2812: 2808: 2797: 2790: 2787: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2771: 2770:United States 2766: 2764: 2760: 2750: 2741: 2738: 2734: 2733: 2727: 2725: 2724:world history 2714: 2710: 2708: 2704: 2700: 2685: 2683: 2679: 2675: 2671: 2670:Pseudohistory 2666: 2665:Pseudohistory 2659:Pseudohistory 2656: 2654: 2650: 2644: 2634: 2632: 2628: 2624: 2615: 2611: 2605: 2601: 2595: 2585: 2583: 2578: 2573: 2563: 2561: 2557: 2553: 2549: 2545: 2541: 2537: 2532: 2528: 2524: 2520: 2516: 2511: 2507: 2497: 2492: 2482: 2480: 2476: 2472: 2468: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2450: 2440: 2437: 2432: 2430: 2426: 2419: 2415: 2414:Human history 2409: 2399: 2397: 2396:Silent Spring 2390: 2383:Environmental 2380: 2377: 2370: 2366: 2356: 2353: 2349: 2345: 2340: 2335: 2325: 2323: 2319: 2314: 2308: 2296: 2293: 2289: 2286: 2285: 2284: 2283:Urban history 2281: 2279: 2278:Rural history 2276: 2274: 2271: 2269: 2268:Labor history 2266: 2264: 2261: 2259: 2256: 2254: 2251: 2249: 2246: 2244: 2241: 2239: 2236: 2234: 2233:Black history 2231: 2230: 2229: 2221: 2218: 2214: 2210: 2206: 2201: 2197: 2193: 2188: 2178: 2176: 2175: 2170: 2169: 2164: 2163: 2156: 2146: 2143: 2138: 2128: 2124: 2120: 2107: 2104: 2099: 2096: 2093: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2083: 2081: 2078: 2071: 2068: 2065: 2062: 2059: 2056: 2053: 2050: 2049: 2047: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2026: 2023: 2020: 2017: 2014: 2011: 2008: 2005: 2004: 2002: 1999: 1996: 1993: 1992: 1988: 1984: 1980: 1976: 1972: 1968: 1963: 1954: 1952: 1948: 1944: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1923: 1919: 1915: 1905: 1902: 1897: 1895: 1891: 1887: 1883: 1879: 1869: 1866: 1865:dating system 1862: 1858: 1853: 1847: 1846:Periodization 1830: 1829:World history 1827: 1824: 1820: 1817: 1814: 1811: 1808: 1807:pseudoscience 1804: 1803:Pseudohistory 1801: 1798: 1797:Psychohistory 1795: 1792: 1789: 1786: 1783: 1780: 1777: 1774: 1771: 1768: 1767:Naval history 1764: 1761: 1758: 1754: 1751: 1748: 1745: 1742: 1739: 1736: 1733: 1730: 1727: 1724: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1709: 1706: 1703: 1700: 1697: 1694: 1691: 1688: 1685: 1682: 1679: 1678: 1677: 1675: 1671: 1667: 1662: 1661: 1657: 1656: 1648: 1645: 1640: 1638: 1634: 1629: 1625: 1615: 1613: 1609: 1604: 1602: 1598: 1594: 1590: 1586: 1582: 1578: 1574: 1572: 1568: 1564: 1560: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1543: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1532: 1527: 1523: 1519: 1518: 1513: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1492: 1490: 1486: 1482: 1478: 1474: 1470: 1464: 1462: 1458: 1452: 1449: 1444: 1439: 1436: 1431: 1429: 1425: 1421: 1420:communication 1417: 1413: 1409: 1405: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1392: 1386: 1384: 1380: 1376: 1372: 1368: 1364: 1360: 1356: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1343: 1338: 1334: 1330: 1325: 1323: 1319: 1315: 1314: 1309: 1305: 1301: 1298: 1290: 1288: 1285:; the fifth, 1284: 1276: 1272: 1269: 1265: 1262: 1258: 1255: 1251: 1248: 1244: 1241: 1237: 1234: 1233: 1232: 1224: 1219: 1215: 1214: 1210: 1200: 1198: 1194: 1190: 1185: 1178: 1173: 1168: 1158: 1156: 1152: 1146: 1141: 1139: 1135: 1134:Western world 1131: 1127: 1122: 1121: 1116: 1112: 1111:Human history 1107: 1097: 1095: 1091: 1087: 1082: 1080: 1075: 1071: 1069: 1064: 1062: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1046: 1042: 1037: 1033: 1031: 1023: 1022: 1016: 1007: 1005: 1001: 997: 996: 991: 987: 983: 979: 975: 971: 967: 963: 959: 954: 952: 948: 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 923:Francis Bacon 920: 915: 911: 910: 905: 901: 900: 899:Ancrene Wisse 895: 891: 886: 863: 859: 855: 851: 847: 843: 839: 835: 831: 827: 823: 819: 815: 811: 808: 804: 800: 799:Homeric Hymns 790: 789: 784: 778: 772: 766: 757: 756:Ancient Greek 753: 749: 741: 737: 733: 724: 722: 718: 714: 713: 708: 704: 700: 696: 692: 690: 686: 682: 678: 674: 670: 665: 663: 659: 655: 651: 650:umbrella term 647: 643: 638: 636: 631: 628:which uses a 627: 623: 619: 616: 609: 605: 602: 601:Ancient Greek 598: 588: 584: 580: 578: 577: 572: 568: 566: 565: 560: 556: 554: 550: 546: 544: 543:Rajatarangini 540: 536: 534: 533:Codex Mendoza 530: 528: 525:Books of the 524: 522: 521: 516: 513: 511: 510: 505: 501: 498: 497: 493: 482: 477: 475: 470: 468: 463: 462: 460: 459: 453: 443: 440: 429: 428: 427: 426: 419: 416: 414: 411: 409: 406: 404: 401: 399: 396: 395: 392: 387: 386: 379: 376: 374: 373:Edward Gibbon 371: 369: 366: 364: 361: 359: 356: 354: 351: 349: 346: 344: 341: 339: 336: 335: 332: 326: 325: 318: 317:The Caribbean 315: 313: 310: 308: 305: 303: 302:South America 300: 298: 295: 293: 292:North America 290: 288: 285: 283: 280: 278: 275: 273: 270: 268: 265: 263: 260: 258: 255: 253: 250: 249: 243: 242: 234: 230: 226: 222: 219: 216: 212: 208: 204: 201: 198: 194: 190: 187: 185: 182: 181: 178: 173: 172: 164: 160: 156: 152: 149: 147: 144: 142: 141:Periodization 139: 137: 134: 132: 129: 126: 122: 118: 115: 113: 110: 108: 105: 104: 98: 97: 91: 88: 86: 83: 81: 78: 77: 75: 74: 70: 65: 61: 60: 57: 54: 53: 49: 48: 45: 41: 37: 33: 32:Human history 19: 19310: 19293: 19276: 19259: 19242: 19225: 19213:from Commons 19208: 19191: 19170: 18902: 18704:The Simpsons 18702: 18649:Other topics 18597: 18574:Christianity 18564:Resurrection 18195:Adolf Hitler 18024:Six-Day War 18020:Algerian War 17991: / 17950:Vichy France 17942: 17935: 17845: / 17733:World War II 17629: / 17296: 17289: 17091:Ghaza thesis 17014: 16990: 16976:White legend 16974: / 16972:Black legend 16927:Soviet Union 16817: 16810: 16798: 16761:Great Famine 16738:Indocentrism 16712: 16693: 16686: 16679: 16667: 16613:Grand Siècle 16611: 16592: 16560:Sinocentrism 16421:Ancient Rome 16401: 16259:Aryan Kartli 16257: 16049: 16012: / 15946: 15843:19th century 15841: / 15832: / 15797: 15790: 15789: / 15784: 15760: 15734: / 15708:Black legend 15666:Historiology 15463: / 15451: 15414: 15352:Quantitative 15275: 15271:Intellectual 15237: / 15233: / 15219: / 15217:Anthropology 15171:Phaleristics 15164:preservation 15159:Oral history 15100: / 15086: / 15068:Microhistory 14843: 14836: 14829: 14822: 14814: 14813: 14804: / 14800: 14793: 14736: 14705:Postcolonial 14700:Microhistory 14695:Macrohistory 14513:Stratigraphy 14458:Uranium–lead 14428:Lichenometry 14226:Winter count 14209:Mesoamerican 14137:Astronomical 13955:Mesoamerican 13940:Sothic cycle 13915:Seleucid era 13900:Bosporan era 13888: / 13878: 13826:Paleontology 13813: 13628: 13618: 13608: 13598: 13588: 13578: 13568: 13558: 13548: 13538: 13528: 13518: 13508: 13498: 13488: 13478: 12898:Guicciardini 12881:Early modern 12717:Philosophers 12691:Conservatism 12686:Confucianism 12674:Distributism 12607:Social norms 12595:Sittlichkeit 12581:Ressentiment 12527:Institutions 12505:Human nature 12494: 12367: 12343: 12331: 12301: 12108:Food studies 12048:Area studies 11834: 11801:mathematical 11796:econometrics 11754:Anthropology 11672: 11636:Philistinism 11631:Antihumanism 11585: 11557: 11543:Nova Religio 11510: 11428: 11408:Hermeneutics 11363: 11356: 11194: 11180:Anthropology 11086:Time capsule 11080:Tempus fugit 11078: 11000:Other fields 10699: 10680:Perdurantism 10602:Calendar era 10580: 10554: 10547: 10533:Cuckoo clock 10470:astronomical 10444: 10270:Unit of time 10201:Key concepts 9906: 9708:The Simpsons 9706: 9653:Other topics 9601: 9578:Christianity 9568:Resurrection 9199:Adolf Hitler 9028:Six-Day War 9024:Algerian War 8995: / 8954:Vichy France 8946: 8939: 8849: / 8737:World War II 8633: / 8300: 8293: 8095:Ghaza thesis 8018: 7994: 7980:White legend 7978: / 7976:Black legend 7931:Soviet Union 7821: 7814: 7802: 7765:Great Famine 7742:Indocentrism 7716: 7697: 7690: 7683: 7671: 7617:Grand Siècle 7615: 7596: 7564:Sinocentrism 7425:Ancient Rome 7405: 7263:Aryan Kartli 7261: 7053: 7016: / 6950: 6847:19th century 6845: / 6836: / 6801: 6794: 6793: / 6788: 6764: 6738: / 6712:Black legend 6670:Historiology 6467: / 6455: 6418: 6356:Quantitative 6279: 6275:Intellectual 6241: / 6237: / 6223: / 6221:Anthropology 6175:Phaleristics 6168:preservation 6163:Oral history 6104: / 6090: / 6072:Microhistory 5847: 5840: 5833: 5826: 5818: 5817: 5808: / 5804: 5797: 5730:Macrohistory 5724:HyperHistory 5717: 5654: 5641:. Retrieved 5631: 5617: 5598: 5585: 5573:. Retrieved 5554: 5537: 5528: 5509: 5495:. Retrieved 5476: 5472: 5445: 5436: 5426: 5401: 5396: 5384:. Retrieved 5375: 5365: 5353:. Retrieved 5344: 5334: 5317: 5313: 5307: 5299: 5294: 5286: 5281: 5273: 5268: 5259: 5250: 5242: 5237: 5229: 5224: 5213: 5208: 5200: 5195: 5187: 5182: 5174: 5166: 5148: 5143: 5126: 5122: 5117: 5100: 5096: 5091: 5066: 5062: 5056: 5044:. Retrieved 5035: 5025: 5006: 5000: 4991: 4985: 4973:. Retrieved 4966:the original 4943: 4939: 4926: 4914:. Retrieved 4894: 4887: 4875:. Retrieved 4866: 4857: 4845:. Retrieved 4841:the original 4836: 4827: 4819: 4814: 4806: 4798: 4780: 4775: 4757: 4752: 4743: 4735: 4730: 4718:. Retrieved 4687: 4673: 4651: 4629: 4625: 4613: 4590: 4584: 4565: 4556: 4548:the original 4538: 4508:(1). p. 42. 4505: 4501: 4494: 4486: 4481: 4464: 4460: 4453: 4436: 4432: 4426: 4407: 4401: 4389:. Retrieved 4350: 4336: 4318: 4315: 4309: 4290: 4284: 4265: 4256: 4234:(3): 29–32. 4231: 4227: 4221: 4202: 4196: 4177: 4171: 4162: 4156: 4147: 4141: 4108: 4104: 4076: 4048: 4030: 4021: 4013: 4008: 4000: 3994: 3979: 3972: 3964: 3959: 3951: 3947: 3939: 3935: 3927: 3922: 3914: 3905: 3897: 3894: 3889: 3870: 3864: 3845: 3839: 3830: 3811: 3805: 3786: 3780: 3761: 3733: 3727: 3719: 3714: 3706: 3701: 3689:. Retrieved 3653: 3647: 3640:Google Books 3626: 3618: 3605: 3577: 3571: 3559:. Retrieved 3539: 3532: 3523: 3504: 3498: 3481: 3465:, "History". 3451: 3420: 3403: 3398: 3389: 3367: 3344: 3332:. Retrieved 3321: 3309:. Retrieved 3298: 3286:. Retrieved 3266: 3259: 3249: 3242: 3232: 3225: 3213:. Retrieved 3204: 3194: 3170: 3159: 3135: 3124: 3105: 3084:. Retrieved 3080: 3071: 3047: 3036: 3012: 3001: 2982: 2976: 2964:. Retrieved 2955: 2945: 2933:. Retrieved 2924: 2899:. Retrieved 2895:the original 2885: 2873:. Retrieved 2859: 2840: 2834: 2767: 2755: 2736: 2730: 2728: 2720: 2711: 2696: 2668: 2646: 2619: 2575: 2536:LGBT history 2513: 2510:LGBT history 2494: 2485:Intellectual 2452: 2435: 2433: 2421: 2395: 2392: 2372: 2343: 2337: 2310: 2273:LGBT history 2227: 2195: 2191: 2190: 2172: 2166: 2160: 2158: 2140: 2126: 1933: 1932:in his book 1914:geographical 1911: 1898: 1875: 1849: 1779:Palaeography 1773:Oral history 1663: 1641: 1637:Gerda Lerner 1621: 1605: 1600: 1575: 1554: 1544: 1540:Nazi Germany 1529: 1515: 1493: 1475:rather than 1466: 1460: 1456: 1454: 1440: 1432: 1408:superstition 1394:(1377), the 1389: 1387: 1346: 1340: 1326: 1311: 1302: 1295: 1280: 1247:localization 1235: 1230: 1181: 1176: 1148: 1143: 1120:Homo sapiens 1118: 1109: 1106:Protohistory 1083: 1072: 1065: 1038: 1034: 1026: 1019: 1003: 999: 993: 989: 981: 966:storytelling 955: 930: 913: 907: 897: 889: 887: 861: 857: 853: 849: 846:Anglo-Norman 837: 821: 817: 786: 751: 747: 745: 735: 710: 693: 666: 639: 614: 611: 604: 596: 595: 583:oral history 581:Workshop on 574: 573:copy of the 562: 518: 508: 101:Key concepts 68: 55: 44: 18:Historically 19193:Definitions 19092:Hagiography 18853: [ 18813:Early Islam 18667: [ 18559:Historicity 18537:Historicity 18527:Jane Austen 18507:The Beatles 18477:Netherlands 18438: [ 18435:Zhuge Liang 18426: [ 18414: [ 18411:Yuan Shikai 18382: [ 18379:Sun Yat Tse 18358: [ 18321: [ 18284: [ 18272: [ 18269:Jiang Zemin 18240: [ 18228: [ 18220:Che Guevara 17953: [ 17888:Pacific War 17672:Article 231 17662:Reparations 17639: [ 17603: [ 17580:Color books 17569:World War I 17553: [ 17530:War of 1812 17435: [ 17418: [ 17403:(1792–1815) 17374:Sea Peoples 17359:Gallic Wars 17061: [ 17049: [ 17036:Revisionist 17025: [ 17016:Reconquista 17006: [ 16998:Inquisition 16992:Convivencia 16916: [ 16904: [ 16876: [ 16773:Revisionism 16698: [ 16646: [ 16634: [ 16622: [ 16603: [ 16545:Golden ages 16514: [ 16511:Wunu School 16506:Archaeology 16379:Switzerland 16362:Kosovo Myth 16350:Great Union 16331: [ 16316:Philippines 16299:Nationalist 16272:Ages of Man 16244: [ 16232: [ 16220: [ 16198: [ 16186: [ 16022: [ 16019:Revisionist 15911: [ 15848:Renaissance 15713:Coloniality 15681: [ 15669: [ 15661:Historicity 15585:Revisionist 15575:Pop history 15546:Nationalist 15520: [ 15465:Cliometrics 15433:Approaches, 15389:Methodology 15285:Linguistics 15235:Environment 15201:Vexillology 15124:Diplomatics 15107:Chorography 15046:Big History 14998:War diaries 14971:Illuminated 14966:Manuscripts 14951:Hieroglyphs 14831:historicity 14742:Big History 14683:Historicism 14453:Radiocarbon 14128:Dual dating 13987:Regnal year 13965:Short Count 13905:Bostran era 13886:Anno Domini 13819:Big History 13799:Archaeology 13685:Historicism 13514:(1835–1840) 13480:De Officiis 13204:de Beauvoir 13174:Baudrillard 13126:Vivekananda 13116:Tocqueville 13031:Kierkegaard 12847:Ibn Khaldun 12817:Alpharabius 12708:Personalism 12617:Stewardship 12574:Reification 12569:Natural law 12490:Familialism 12456:Culturalism 12369:Wikiversity 12260:Social work 12148:Linguistics 12073:Criminology 11990:criminology 11973:personality 11931:comparative 11909:Linguistics 11902:private law 11759:archaeology 11485:Work of art 11453:Metaphysics 11414:Historicism 11259:Visual arts 11185:Archaeology 11173:Disciplines 11096:Time travel 11074:System time 10981:Time domain 10966:Proper time 10790:use of time 10761:Father Time 10741:Immortality 10731:Ages of Man 10660:Endurantism 10617:Regnal year 10597:Big History 10526:water-based 10425:Solar Hijri 10335:Hexadecimal 10285:Measurement 10247:Chronometry 10233:Measurement 10096:Hagiography 9857: [ 9817:Early Islam 9671: [ 9563:Historicity 9541:Historicity 9531:Jane Austen 9511:The Beatles 9481:Netherlands 9442: [ 9439:Zhuge Liang 9430: [ 9418: [ 9415:Yuan Shikai 9386: [ 9383:Sun Yat Tse 9362: [ 9325: [ 9288: [ 9276: [ 9273:Jiang Zemin 9244: [ 9232: [ 9224:Che Guevara 8957: [ 8892:Pacific War 8676:Article 231 8666:Reparations 8643: [ 8607: [ 8584:Color books 8573:World War I 8557: [ 8534:War of 1812 8439: [ 8422: [ 8407:(1792–1815) 8378:Sea Peoples 8363:Gallic Wars 8065: [ 8053: [ 8040:Revisionist 8029: [ 8020:Reconquista 8010: [ 8002:Inquisition 7996:Convivencia 7920: [ 7908: [ 7880: [ 7777:Revisionism 7702: [ 7650: [ 7638: [ 7626: [ 7607: [ 7549:Golden ages 7518: [ 7515:Wunu School 7510:Archaeology 7383:Switzerland 7366:Kosovo Myth 7354:Great Union 7335: [ 7320:Philippines 7303:Nationalist 7276:Ages of Man 7248: [ 7236: [ 7224: [ 7202: [ 7190: [ 7026: [ 7023:Revisionist 6915: [ 6852:Renaissance 6717:Coloniality 6685: [ 6673: [ 6665:Historicity 6589:Revisionist 6579:Pop history 6550:Nationalist 6524: [ 6469:Cliometrics 6437:Approaches, 6393:Methodology 6289:Linguistics 6239:Environment 6205:Vexillology 6128:Diplomatics 6111:Chorography 6050:Big History 6002:War diaries 5975:Illuminated 5970:Manuscripts 5955:Hieroglyphs 5835:historicity 5479:(1): 1–19. 5171:Reba Soffer 5104:pp. 413–415 5069:(2): 7–23. 4946:(1): 1–32. 4738:(1988) p. 1 4684:... ?" 4347:... ?" 2966:10 November 2935:10 November 2717:Nationalism 2627:Chroniclers 2556:transgender 2322:iconography 1912:Particular 1882:prehistoric 1757:Middle Ages 1693:Art history 1536:Ian Kershaw 1500:imagination 1404:Ibn Khaldun 1381:and a more 1367:Renaissance 1275:credibility 1184:methodology 1094:theoretical 1090:Big History 1074:Archaeology 1010:Description 1006:from 1669. 929:. For him, 919:Renaissance 883: 1462 876: 1265 869: 1240 834:Old English 750:comes from 721:Ibn Khaldun 669:King Arthur 576:Nihon Shoki 559:Ibn Khaldun 398:Prehistoric 368:Ibn Khaldun 287:New Zealand 282:Middle East 121:anno Domini 19336:Humanities 19325:Categories 19244:Quotations 19147:Multimedia 18966:Technology 18930:Urreligion 18833:Kharijites 18784:Background 18452:Historical 18423:Zhou Enlai 18318:Mao Zedong 18313:Louis Riel 18086:Background 17937:Guilty Men 17879:Uniqueness 17802:Background 17797:Winter War 17721:Background 17654:Versailles 17508:Great Game 17155:Ricardians 17150:Tudor myth 16868:Partitions 16461:Succession 15751:Narratives 15736:Presentism 15692:Philosophy 15512:Humanistic 15400:Case study 15332:Indigenous 15310:Diplomatic 15254:Capitalism 15154:Onomastics 15112:Chronology 14941:Facsimiles 14926:Chronicles 14824:historians 14795:Historians 14715:Postmodern 14658:Conceptual 14048:Vietnamese 13960:Long Count 13895:Anno Mundi 13890:Common Era 13792:Key topics 13785:Chronology 13690:Humanities 13650:Agnotology 13309:Kołakowski 12872:Ibn Tufayl 12852:Maimonides 12796:Thucydides 12791:Tertullian 12746:Lactantius 12641:Volksgeist 12622:Traditions 12436:Convention 12314:Humanities 12248:historical 12181:psychology 12153:Management 11995:demography 11953:Psychology 11936:philosophy 11897:public law 11828:integrated 11446:Quadrivium 11371:Creativity 11337:Aesthetics 11264:Filmmaking 11249:Philosophy 11205:Literature 11166:Humanities 10798:Chronemics 10773:Kalachakra 10685:Presentism 10670:Eternalism 10576:Chronology 10514:mechanical 10465:Main types 10383:Main types 10151:Multimedia 9970:Technology 9934:Urreligion 9837:Kharijites 9788:Background 9456:Historical 9427:Zhou Enlai 9322:Mao Zedong 9317:Louis Riel 9090:Background 8941:Guilty Men 8883:Uniqueness 8806:Background 8801:Winter War 8725:Background 8658:Versailles 8512:Great Game 8159:Ricardians 8154:Tudor myth 7872:Partitions 7465:Succession 6755:Narratives 6740:Presentism 6696:Philosophy 6516:Humanistic 6404:Case study 6336:Indigenous 6314:Diplomatic 6258:Capitalism 6158:Onomastics 6116:Chronology 5945:Facsimiles 5930:Chronicles 5828:historians 5799:Historians 5608:1405823518 5519:0393319598 5459:0333977017 5046:20 January 5016:0231188013 4975:6 December 4877:7 February 4847:7 February 4720:20 January 4692:... ? 4593:. London: 4391:20 January 4355:... ? 4187:0415311977 4086:0195046447 4058:0226239101 3855:1850653569 3821:0691017549 3691:20 January 3663:0140206523 3623:Jack Goody 3587:0415123461 3514:0415056829 3490:B00N6PB6DG 3215:3 December 3115:019285352X 3086:6 December 3062:0814781411 2901:21 January 2875:21 January 2826:References 2641:See also: 2588:Historians 2412:See also: 2328:Diplomatic 1918:continents 1890:Bronze Age 1878:archeology 1485:E. H. Carr 1424:propaganda 1391:Muqaddimah 1379:philosophy 1308:Thucydides 1254:authorship 1197:world view 1193:meta-level 1138:E. H. Carr 1115:experience 1100:Prehistory 1086:culturally 1041:humanities 1000:historical 904:John Gower 842:Old French 803:Heraclitus 703:Thucydides 654:Historians 646:prehistory 564:Muqaddimah 343:Thucydides 331:historians 307:South Asia 257:Antarctica 193:Bronze Age 184:Prehistory 117:Common Era 112:Chronology 107:Archeology 19295:Resources 19278:Textbooks 18935:Perennial 18724:Economics 18676:Feudalism 18462:Australia 18210:Aurangzeb 18186:Political 18176:By person 17857:Pius Wars 17652:Treaty of 17311:conflicts 17118:Poor Laws 16981:Hispanism 16858:Sarmatism 16688:Sonderweg 16446:Expansion 16171:Litvinism 16005:Argentina 15839:Long 18th 15722:Dark Ages 15502:Historism 15300:Political 15239:Geography 15176:Philology 15139:Genealogy 15134:Epigraphy 15077:By source 14916:Artifacts 14585:Year zero 14565:Chronicle 14508:Seriation 14443:Lead–lead 14317:Standards 14298:Deep time 14258:Ephemeris 14144:Lunisolar 14108:Gregorian 14101:Gregorian 14062:Calendars 14025:Era names 13995:Anka year 13874:Human Era 13804:Astronomy 13730:Sociology 13680:Historism 13389:Santayana 13359:Oakeshott 13329:MacIntyre 13314:Kropotkin 13289:Heidegger 13142:centuries 13056:Nietzsche 13021:Jefferson 13006:Helvétius 12971:Condorcet 12934:centuries 12918:Montaigne 12741:Confucius 12731:Augustine 12648:Worldview 12542:Modernity 12515:Formation 12192:Planning 12171:economics 12088:Education 11985:Sociology 11963:cognitive 11914:semiotics 11865:political 11823:technical 11808:Geography 11781:Economics 11518:Humanitas 11430:Humanitas 11419:Historism 11381:Criticism 11274:Sculpture 11054:Leap year 10971:Spacetime 10845:Yesterday 10746:Dreamtime 10720:Mythology 10607:Deep time 10519:stopwatch 10494:hourglass 10475:astrarium 10405:Gregorian 10398:Lunisolar 10375:Calendars 10365:Time zone 10238:standards 9939:Perennial 9728:Economics 9680:Feudalism 9466:Australia 9214:Aurangzeb 9190:Political 9180:By person 8861:Pius Wars 8656:Treaty of 8315:conflicts 8122:Poor Laws 7985:Hispanism 7862:Sarmatism 7692:Sonderweg 7450:Expansion 7175:Litvinism 7009:Argentina 6843:Long 18th 6726:Dark Ages 6506:Historism 6304:Political 6243:Geography 6180:Philology 6143:Genealogy 6138:Epigraphy 6081:By source 5920:Artifacts 5702:See also 5504:teaching. 4961:143746040 4863:"H-World" 4381:156592827 4125:0021-8723 3926:Cited in 3909:Cited in 2637:Judgement 2631:annalists 2467:oppressed 2224:Subfields 2213:great men 2149:Religious 2113:Political 1922:countries 1886:Stone Age 1857:Centuries 1581:Karl Marx 1469:great men 1359:Christian 1337:Sima Qian 1333:East Asia 1304:Herodotus 1297:Europeans 1268:integrity 1061:geography 1057:sociology 1053:economics 982:Historian 958:synthetic 830:Old Welsh 826:Old Irish 783:Aristotle 765:romanized 746:The word 727:Etymology 717:Sima Qian 707:chronicle 695:Herodotus 630:narrative 589:, Namibia 515:Mongolian 509:Histories 504:Herodotus 391:Timelines 338:Herodotus 272:East Asia 262:Australia 246:By region 159:secondary 19137:Category 19052:template 18766:Religion 18617:Socrates 18532:Muhammed 18454:rankings 18335:Napoleon 18153:Category 17971:Cold War 17874:Slovakia 17461:Waterloo 17330:Crusades 17275:Military 17123:Scotland 17081:Kemalist 16403:Nam tiến 16398:Vietnam 16388:Ukraine 16346:Romania 16328:Portugal 16254:Georgia 16229:Medieval 16178:Bulgaria 16167:Belarus 16152:Austria 15958:Americas 15926:Morocco 15922:Ethiopia 15701:Specific 15624:Concepts 15529:Leninist 15487:Feminist 15475:Critical 15322:Feminism 15295:Military 15249:Business 15244:Economic 15226:Cultural 15210:By topic 15196:Toponymy 15144:Heraldry 15092:template 15039:By scale 14961:Logbooks 14946:Features 14911:Archives 14710:Politics 14668:Economic 14663:Cultural 14580:Timeline 14418:Ice core 14291:Concepts 14038:Japanese 13970:Tzolk'in 13935:Egyptian 13743:Category 13655:Axiology 13643:See also 13434:Voegelin 13424:Spengler 13399:Shariati 13354:Nussbaum 13339:Maritain 13299:Irigaray 13279:Habermas 13244:Foucault 13229:Durkheim 13131:Voltaire 13096:de Staël 13071:Rousseau 12996:Franklin 12857:Muhammad 12842:Gelasius 12827:Avempace 12810:Medieval 12786:Polybius 12781:Plutarch 12547:Morality 12522:Ideology 12510:Identity 12419:Concepts 12333:Category 12201:regional 12196:land use 12031:business 12000:internet 11958:abnormal 11860:military 11850:economic 11840:cultural 11813:physical 11774:physical 11764:cultural 11569:Academia 11538:Leonardo 11506:Daedalus 11494:Journals 11458:Ontology 11347:The arts 11269:Painting 11215:Rhetoric 11114:Category 10862:Time in 10853:Tomorrow 10715:Religion 10655:Duration 10622:Timeline 10556:Timeline 10355:Sidereal 10223:Eternity 10141:Category 10056:template 9770:Religion 9621:Socrates 9536:Muhammed 9458:rankings 9339:Napoleon 9157:Category 8975:Cold War 8878:Slovakia 8465:Waterloo 8334:Crusades 8279:Military 8127:Scotland 8085:Kemalist 7407:Nam tiến 7402:Vietnam 7392:Ukraine 7350:Romania 7332:Portugal 7258:Georgia 7233:Medieval 7182:Bulgaria 7171:Belarus 7156:Austria 6962:Americas 6930:Morocco 6926:Ethiopia 6705:Specific 6628:Concepts 6533:Leninist 6491:Feminist 6479:Critical 6326:Feminism 6299:Military 6253:Business 6248:Economic 6230:Cultural 6214:By topic 6200:Toponymy 6148:Heraldry 6096:template 6043:By scale 5965:Logbooks 5950:Features 5915:Archives 5637:Archived 5569:Archived 5491:Archived 5380:Archived 5349:Archived 5258:(2015). 5156:Archived 5133:Archived 5107:Archived 5040:Archived 4910:Archived 4871:Archived 4788:Archived 4765:Archived 4714:Archived 4650:(2008). 4530:57570041 4445:25019673 4385:Archived 4264:(2002). 3984:Archived 3954:, p 150. 3942:, p 147. 3685:Archived 3631:Archived 3555:Archived 3459:Archived 3440:Archived 3429:Archived 3408:Archived 3282:Archived 3209:Archived 3010:(2000). 2960:Archived 2929:Archived 2869:Archived 2793:See also 2780:and the 2776:, where 2688:Teaching 2614:Ban Zhao 2552:bisexual 2531:feminist 2443:People's 2359:Economic 2301:Cultural 2131:Military 1894:Iron Age 1589:Feminist 1377:brought 1322:cyclical 1261:analysis 1236:When was 1004:historic 931:historia 862:historie 850:historia 818:historia 807:Athenian 771:historíā 752:historía 685:evidence 615:historía 587:Otjinene 452:Category 348:Xenophon 329:Notable 163:tertiary 90:Glossary 19331:History 19171:History 19072:Related 18962:Science 18607:Madonna 18579:Judaism 18542:Judaism 18374:Saladin 18264:Hypatia 18188:leaders 18112:Related 18065:Origins 18028:Origins 17979:Origins 17535:Origins 17481:Origins 17347:Origins 17209:Oceania 17172:British 17110:Kingdom 16753:Ireland 16660:Germany 16368:Sweden 16241:New Age 16217:Ancient 16213:Europe 16209:Croatia 16141:Albania 16134:Eurasia 15936:Rwanda 15634:General 15534:Marxist 15435:schools 15264:Thought 15231:Ecology 14993:Scrolls 14931:Codices 14899:Sources 14838:history 14815:History 14737:History 14690:Marxist 14653:Annales 14590:Floruit 14338:Methods 14199:Iranian 14167:Islamic 14033:Chinese 13844:Periods 13814:History 13809:Geology 13484:(44 BC) 13414:Sombart 13409:Skinner 13394:Scruton 13374:Polanyi 13349:Niebuhr 13334:Marcuse 13269:Gramsci 13264:Gentile 13224:Du Bois 13214:Deleuze 13184:Benoist 13154:Agamben 13111:Thoreau 13101:Stirner 13091:Spencer 13041:Le Play 12991:Fourier 12976:Emerson 12961:Carlyle 12946:Bentham 12923:Müntzer 12893:Erasmus 12867:Plethon 12862:Photios 12822:Aquinas 12756:Mencius 12724:Ancient 12657:Schools 12537:Loyalty 12495:History 12483:Counter 12478:Culture 12446:Customs 12345:Commons 12176:history 12166:science 12101:studies 11835:History 11747:Primary 11733:History 11728:Outline 11624:Related 11559:more... 11441:Trivium 11391:Culture 11365:Bildung 11307:Medical 11292:Digital 11242:Theatre 11195:History 11124:Commons 11047:Related 10961:Instant 10951:Chronon 10933:Physics 10873:Geology 10864:science 10736:Destiny 10581:History 10549:History 10504:sundial 10487:quantum 10430:Chinese 10420:Islamic 10330:Decimal 10325:Chinese 10287:systems 10213:Present 10076:Related 9966:Science 9611:Madonna 9583:Judaism 9546:Judaism 9378:Saladin 9268:Hypatia 9192:leaders 9116:Related 9069:Origins 9032:Origins 8983:Origins 8539:Origins 8485:Origins 8351:Origins 8213:Oceania 8176:British 8114:Kingdom 7757:Ireland 7664:Germany 7372:Sweden 7245:New Age 7221:Ancient 7217:Europe 7213:Croatia 7145:Albania 7138:Eurasia 6940:Rwanda 6638:General 6538:Marxist 6439:schools 6268:Thought 6235:Ecology 5997:Scrolls 5935:Codices 5903:Sources 5842:history 5819:History 5736:GeaCron 5497:24 July 5386:14 July 5083:3377910 4783:(2006) 4760:(2003) 4522:2539326 4248:1775737 4133:2079346 3722:(2005). 3625:(2007) 3561:20 July 3437:p. 2842 3351:ἱστορία 3334:18 June 3311:18 June 3053:102–115 2778:slavery 2544:lesbian 1957:Regions 1943:climate 1861:decades 1840:Periods 1383:secular 1203:Methods 1191:. As a 1140:wrote: 990:history 951:fantasy 939:science 937:(while 914:history 890:history 858:estoire 854:istorie 832:) into 822:History 814:Boeotic 810:ephebes 779: 767:: 760:ἱστορία 748:history 736:History 677:legends 608:ἱστορία 597:History 539:Kalhana 500:Papyrus 403:Ancient 363:Tacitus 353:Sallust 177:Periods 155:primary 85:Outline 56:History 18698:Salons 18500:Others 18467:Canada 18101:Causes 18038:Causes 18013:Causes 17807:Spirit 17741:Causes 17711:Causes 17576:Causes 17545:Causes 17518:Causes 17496:Causes 17427:Causes 17174:Empire 17108:United 17074:Turkey 16889:Russia 16863:Deluge 16846:Poland 16586:France 16384:Taiwan 16357:Serbia 16163:Balhae 16014:Causes 15965:Canada 15899:Egypt 15892:Africa 15416:Tarikh 15337:Labour 15327:Gender 15317:Social 15117:dating 14983:Papyri 14906:Annals 14725:Social 14678:Gender 14386:dating 14182:Others 14148:Hebrew 14043:Korean 13854:Epochs 13675:Ethics 13634:(2010) 13624:(1991) 13614:(1990) 13604:(1987) 13594:(1987) 13584:(1979) 13574:(1976) 13564:(1967) 13554:(1964) 13544:(1949) 13534:(1935) 13524:(1930) 13504:(1756) 13494:(1486) 13439:Walzer 13429:Taylor 13419:Sowell 13404:Simmel 13369:Pareto 13364:Ortega 13274:Guénon 13259:Gehlen 13254:Gandhi 13209:Debord 13194:Butler 13189:Berlin 13179:Bauman 13169:Badiou 13159:Arendt 13149:Adorno 13081:Ruskin 13036:Le Bon 13011:Herder 12986:Fichte 12981:Engels 12951:Bonald 12941:Arnold 12913:Milton 12908:Luther 12888:Calvin 12766:Origen 12736:Cicero 12696:Social 12632:Family 12627:Values 12588:Rights 12552:Public 12500:Honour 12431:Anomie 12426:Agency 12036:public 11978:social 11870:social 11769:social 11480:Wisdom 11412: 11352:Beauty 11325:Themes 11312:Public 11302:Health 11210:Poetry 11064:Moment 11059:Memory 10911:period 10499:marine 10482:atomic 10457:Clocks 10415:Hebrew 10410:Julian 10345:Metric 10218:Future 9702:Salons 9504:Others 9471:Canada 9105:Causes 9042:Causes 9017:Causes 8811:Spirit 8745:Causes 8715:Causes 8580:Causes 8549:Causes 8522:Causes 8500:Causes 8431:Causes 8178:Empire 8112:United 8078:Turkey 7893:Russia 7867:Deluge 7850:Poland 7590:France 7388:Taiwan 7361:Serbia 7167:Balhae 7018:Causes 6969:Canada 6903:Egypt 6896:Africa 6420:Tarikh 6341:Labour 6331:Gender 6321:Social 6121:dating 5987:Papyri 5910:Annals 5661: 5643:2 July 5605: 5575:2 July 5561: 5516: 5456: 5232:(2006) 5218:online 5190:(2008) 5130:p. 415 5081: 5013: 4958: 4902: 4706: 4690: 4682: 4658: 4636: 4601: 4572: 4528: 4520: 4489:(1994) 4443: 4414: 4379: 4369: 4353: 4345: 4324: 4297: 4272: 4246: 4209: 4184: 4131: 4123: 4083: 4055: 3877: 3852: 3818: 3793: 3768: 3740: 3660: 3638:(from 3584: 3547: 3511: 3488: 3288:10 May 3274: 3182: 3147: 3112: 3059: 3024: 2989: 2847: 2566:Public 2523:gender 2500:Gender 2473:, the 2469:, the 2465:, the 2181:Social 2171:, and 1926:cities 1924:, and 1892:, and 1672:, and 1612:Google 1563:Engels 1371:sacred 1059:, and 974:French 970:German 947:poetry 945:, and 943:reason 935:memory 860:, and 805:, the 742:(1896) 709:, the 569:Early 549:Gibbon 450: 418:Future 413:Modern 277:Europe 252:Africa 19261:Texts 19210:Media 18945:Roman 18857:] 18671:] 18584:Islam 18554:Jesus 18442:] 18430:] 18418:] 18386:] 18362:] 18325:] 18288:] 18276:] 18244:] 18232:] 17957:] 17847:Nakba 17643:] 17607:] 17557:] 17439:] 17422:] 17065:] 17053:] 17029:] 17010:] 16965:Spain 16920:] 16908:] 16880:] 16787:Italy 16725:India 16702:] 16650:] 16638:] 16626:] 16607:] 16518:] 16493:China 16335:] 16294:Korea 16289:Japan 16278:Iran 16267:Greek 16248:] 16236:] 16224:] 16202:] 16195:Early 16190:] 16051:Casta 16026:] 15948:Maafa 15915:] 15685:] 15673:] 15524:] 15364:Women 15359:Urban 15347:Rural 15342:LGBTQ 15098:Books 14936:Deeds 14873:Types 14219:Aztec 14163:Lunar 14158:Solar 14152:Hindu 14015:Limmu 13975:Haab' 13930:Hijri 13472:Works 13459:Žižek 13444:Weber 13384:Röpke 13344:Negri 13324:Lasch 13294:Hoppe 13249:Fromm 13239:Evola 13219:Dewey 13199:Camus 13106:Taine 13086:Smith 13076:Royce 13066:Renan 13001:Hegel 12966:Comte 12956:Burke 12903:Locke 12837:Dante 12832:Bruni 12801:Xunzi 12776:Plato 12771:Philo 12751:Laozi 12559:Mores 12471:Multi 12461:Inter 12206:urban 12010:urban 12005:rural 11855:human 11818:human 11738:Index 11237:Music 11232:Dance 11069:Space 10901:epoch 10891:chron 10849:Today 10818:tempo 10813:Music 10675:Event 10509:watch 10393:Lunar 10388:Solar 10360:Solar 10350:Roman 10340:Hindu 9949:Roman 9861:] 9675:] 9588:Islam 9558:Jesus 9446:] 9434:] 9422:] 9390:] 9366:] 9329:] 9292:] 9280:] 9248:] 9236:] 8961:] 8851:Nakba 8647:] 8611:] 8561:] 8443:] 8426:] 8069:] 8057:] 8033:] 8014:] 7969:Spain 7924:] 7912:] 7884:] 7791:Italy 7729:India 7706:] 7654:] 7642:] 7630:] 7611:] 7522:] 7497:China 7339:] 7298:Korea 7293:Japan 7282:Iran 7271:Greek 7252:] 7240:] 7228:] 7206:] 7199:Early 7194:] 7055:Casta 7030:] 6952:Maafa 6919:] 6689:] 6677:] 6528:] 6368:Women 6363:Urban 6351:Rural 6346:LGBTQ 6102:Books 5940:Deeds 5877:Types 5720:items 5355:5 May 5079:JSTOR 4969:(PDF) 4956:S2CID 4936:(PDF) 4916:8 May 4867:H-Net 4628:[ 4526:S2CID 4518:JSTOR 4441:JSTOR 4377:S2CID 4244:JSTOR 4129:JSTOR 2402:World 1514:(cf. 1461:doing 1416:state 1347:Shiji 1329:China 1155:Māori 844:(and 794:ἵστωρ 603: 571:Heian 80:Index 19312:Data 19227:News 19036:list 17631:1917 16643:Lyon 16114:Eras 16033:Peru 15768:list 15715:and 15595:Whig 14802:list 14214:Maya 13949:Yuga 13849:Eras 13831:Time 13454:Zinn 13449:Weil 13319:Land 13304:Kirk 13164:Aron 13121:Vico 13061:Owen 13051:Mill 13046:Marx 13026:Kant 13016:Hume 12761:Mozi 12466:Mono 12274:List 11396:High 10788:and 10751:Kāla 10446:List 10440:Maya 10236:and 10208:Past 10194:Time 10040:list 8635:1917 7647:Lyon 7118:Eras 7037:Peru 6772:list 6719:and 6599:Whig 5806:list 5659:ISBN 5645:2015 5603:ISBN 5577:2015 5559:ISBN 5514:ISBN 5499:2016 5454:ISBN 5388:2018 5357:2020 5048:2021 5011:ISBN 4977:2015 4918:2016 4900:ISBN 4879:2011 4849:2011 4722:2021 4704:ISBN 4656:ISBN 4634:ISBN 4599:ISBN 4570:ISBN 4412:ISBN 4393:2021 4367:ISBN 4322:ISBN 4295:ISBN 4270:ISBN 4207:ISBN 4182:ISBN 4121:ISSN 4081:ISBN 4053:ISBN 3900:(3). 3875:ISBN 3850:ISBN 3816:ISBN 3791:ISBN 3766:ISBN 3738:ISBN 3693:2021 3658:ISBN 3582:ISBN 3563:2022 3545:ISBN 3509:ISBN 3486:ASIN 3336:2024 3313:2024 3290:2022 3272:ISBN 3217:2020 3180:ISBN 3145:ISBN 3110:ISBN 3088:2022 3057:ISBN 3022:ISBN 2987:ISBN 2968:2008 2937:2008 2903:2014 2877:2014 2845:ISBN 2629:and 2560:LGBT 2554:and 2508:and 2471:poor 2427:and 2416:and 2367:and 2355:it. 2121:and 1969:and 1949:and 1859:and 1624:bias 1561:and 1559:Marx 1545:The 1483:and 1426:and 1398:and 1361:and 1240:date 1128:and 960:vs. 885:)". 838:stær 777:lit. 719:and 681:myth 622:past 358:Livy 15762:Pax 13284:Han 13234:Eco 11877:Law 11222:Law 10906:era 10896:eon 10886:age 10265:TAI 10255:UTC 6766:Pax 5481:doi 5477:118 5322:doi 5071:doi 4948:doi 4696:doi 4510:doi 4469:doi 4359:doi 4236:doi 4113:doi 2548:gay 2324:). 1549:of 1477:art 1117:of 953:). 906:'s 848:), 836:as 828:or 738:by 675:or 585:in 561:'s 551:'s 541:'s 502:of 19327:: 18855:it 18669:pt 18440:zh 18428:zh 18416:zh 18384:zh 18360:es 18323:zh 18286:ru 18274:zh 18242:zh 18230:zh 17955:fr 17641:ru 17605:fr 17582:/ 17555:es 17437:ru 17420:fr 17063:es 17051:es 17027:es 17008:es 16918:ru 16906:ru 16878:pl 16700:de 16648:fr 16636:fr 16624:fr 16605:fr 16516:zh 16333:pt 16246:ru 16234:ru 16222:ru 16200:ru 16188:de 16024:es 15913:es 15683:de 15671:es 15522:pt 14150:, 10851:– 10847:– 10260:UT 9859:it 9673:pt 9444:zh 9432:zh 9420:zh 9388:zh 9364:es 9327:zh 9290:ru 9278:zh 9246:zh 9234:zh 8959:fr 8645:ru 8609:fr 8586:/ 8559:es 8441:ru 8424:fr 8067:es 8055:es 8031:es 8012:es 7922:ru 7910:ru 7882:pl 7704:de 7652:fr 7640:fr 7628:fr 7609:fr 7520:zh 7337:pt 7250:ru 7238:ru 7226:ru 7204:ru 7192:de 7028:es 6917:es 6687:de 6675:es 6526:pt 5567:. 5553:. 5489:. 5475:. 5471:. 5452:. 5378:. 5374:. 5347:. 5343:. 5318:84 5316:. 5077:. 5067:18 5065:. 5038:. 5034:. 4954:. 4944:67 4942:. 4938:. 4908:. 4869:. 4865:. 4835:. 4712:. 4702:. 4524:. 4516:. 4506:22 4504:. 4463:. 4437:61 4435:. 4383:. 4375:. 4365:. 4242:. 4232:23 4230:. 4127:. 4119:. 4109:78 4107:. 4095:^ 4067:^ 4039:^ 3913:, 3898:12 3752:^ 3683:. 3672:^ 3608:. 3596:^ 3553:. 3470:^ 3435:. 3375:^ 3359:^ 3280:. 3203:. 3178:. 3176:63 3143:. 3141:24 3096:^ 3079:. 3055:. 2954:. 2923:. 2911:^ 2867:. 2655:. 2550:, 2546:, 2453:A 2207:, 2165:, 1920:, 1888:, 1809:). 1676:. 1668:, 1569:. 1542:. 1457:no 1422:, 1418:, 1402:, 1353:. 1277:)? 1270:)? 1263:)? 1256:)? 1249:)? 1242:)? 1055:, 972:, 880:c. 873:c. 866:c. 856:, 801:, 774:, 762:, 758:: 723:. 506:' 231:, 227:, 213:, 209:, 195:, 161:, 157:, 123:, 19179:: 19038:) 19034:( 18964:/ 17596:) 17592:( 17586:) 17578:( 17267:e 17260:t 17253:v 16769:" 16765:" 15094:) 15090:( 14774:e 14767:t 14760:v 14634:e 14627:t 14620:v 14169:) 14165:( 14154:) 14146:( 13951:) 13947:( 13777:e 13770:t 13763:v 12404:e 12397:t 12390:v 11709:e 11702:t 11695:v 11158:e 11151:t 11144:v 10186:e 10179:t 10172:v 10042:) 10038:( 9968:/ 8600:) 8596:( 8590:) 8582:( 8271:e 8264:t 8257:v 7773:" 7769:" 6098:) 6094:( 5778:e 5771:t 5764:v 5667:. 5647:; 5625:. 5611:. 5593:. 5588:; 5579:. 5545:. 5540:; 5531:. 5522:. 5501:; 5483:: 5462:. 5439:. 5390:. 5359:. 5328:. 5324:: 5085:. 5073:: 5050:. 5019:. 4979:. 4950:: 4920:. 4881:. 4851:. 4724:. 4698:: 4664:. 4607:. 4578:. 4532:. 4512:: 4475:. 4471:: 4465:3 4447:. 4420:. 4395:. 4361:: 4330:. 4303:. 4278:. 4250:. 4238:: 4215:. 4190:. 4135:. 4115:: 4089:. 4061:. 3883:. 3858:. 3824:. 3799:. 3774:. 3746:. 3695:. 3666:. 3642:) 3612:. 3590:. 3565:. 3517:. 3492:. 3446:. 3338:. 3315:. 3292:. 3219:. 3188:. 3153:. 3118:. 3090:. 3065:. 3030:. 2995:. 2970:. 2939:. 2905:. 2879:. 2853:. 2596:. 2558:( 1759:. 1345:( 754:( 618:) 612:( 480:e 473:t 466:v 235:) 223:( 217:) 205:( 199:) 191:( 165:) 153:( 127:) 119:( 42:. 20:)

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.